cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrimination between movements of eye and object by visual interneurones of crickets.

1. One large neurone on each side of the cervical and thoracic ventral nerve cord of crickets responds to object motion anywhere in the visual field of the ipsilateral compound eye, but not to the forced or voluntary movement of the eye itself. 2. This discrimination between self-movement and object-movement is accomplished by an inhibitory mechanism mediated by the same eye. 3. Inhibition must be present because a potent moving stimulus becomes ineffective if presented during a forced eye movement. 4. Its visual origin is demonstrated in two ways: (a) abolishing all known mechanosensory feedback does not disrupt the mechanism, but (b) alteration of visual conditions does so in a predictable way. Sweeping the eye past a complex visual environment suppresses the neurone9s response to a concurrently or subsequently presented moving target, whereas the same movement past a simplified or homogeneous environment produces little or no inhibition. 5. Responses to eye movement itself are greatly enhanced in appropriately simplified visual fields, reinforcing the conclusion that the inhibition preventing response in complex fields is of visual origin. 6. Suggestive evidence for an additional inhibitory mechanism associated with voluntary movement is presented.
Hydraulic pressure energy harvester enhanced by Helmholtz resonator

Hydraulic pressure energy harvesters (HPEH) are devices that convert the dynamic pressure within hydraulic systems into usable electrical power through axially loaded piezoelectric stacks excited off-resonance by the fluid. Within hydraulic systems, the dominant frequency is typically a harmonic of the pump operating frequency. The pressure fluctuations coupled with the piezoelectric stack can be amplified by creating a housing design that includes a Helmholtz resonator tuned to the dominant frequency of the fluid excitation. A Helmholtz resonator is an acoustic device that consists of a cavity coupled to a fluid medium via a neck, or in this case a port connection to the fluid flow, that acts as an amplifier when within the bandwidth of its resonance. The implementation of a piezoelectric stack within the HPEH allows for a Helmholtz resonator to be included within the fluidic environment despite the significantly higher than air static pressures typical of fluid hydraulic systems (on the order of one to tens of MPa). The resistive losses within the system, such as from energy harvesting and viscous losses, can also be used to increase the bandwidth of the resonance; thus increasing the utility of the device. This paper investigates the design, modeling, and performance of hydraulic pressure energy harvesters utilizing a Helmholtz resonator design.
Settling velocity and concentration distribution of heavy particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

The average settling velocity in homogeneous turbulence of a small rigid spherical particle, subject to a Stokes drag force, has been shown to differ from that in still fluid owing to a bias from the particle inertia (Maxey 1987). Previous numerical results for particles in a random flow field, where the flow dynamics were not considered, showed an increase in the average settling velocity. Direct numerical simulations of the motion of heavy particles in isotropic homogeneous turbulence have been performed where the flow dynamics are included. These show that a significant increase in the average settling velocity can occur for particles with inertial response time and still-fluid terminal velocity comparable to the Kolmogorov scales of the turbulence. This increase may be as much as 50% of the terminal velocity, which is much larger than was previously found. The concentration field of the heavy particles, obtained from direct numerical simulations, shows the importance of the inertial bias with particles tending to collect in elongated sheets on the peripheries of local vortical structures. This is coupled then to a preferential sweeping of the particles in downward moving fluid. Again the importance of Kolmogorov scaling to these processes is demonstrated. Finally, some consideration is given to larger particles that are subject to a nonlinear drag force where it is found that the nonlinearity reduces the net increase in settling velocity.
Signatures of vicariance, postglacial dispersal and spawning philopatry: population genetics of the walleye Sander vitreus

Population genetic relationships reveal the signatures of current processes such as reproductive behaviour and migration, as well as historic events including vicariance and climate change. We analyse population structure of native walleye Sander vitreus across North America, encompassing 10 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci, 26 spawning sites and 921 samples from watersheds across the Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg, upper Mississippi River, Ohio River and Mobile Bay of the Gulf Coast. Geographical patterning is assessed using phylogenetic trees, pairwise FST analogues, hierarchical partitioning, Mantel regression, Bayesian assignment and Monmonier geographical networks. Results reveal congruent divergences among population groups, corresponding to historic isolation in glacial refugia, dispersal patterns and basin divisions. Broad-scale relationships show genetic isolation with geographical distance, but reproductive groups within basins do not – with some having pronounced differences. Greatest divergence distinguishes outlying Gulf Coastal and northwest populations, the latter tracing to dispersal from the Missourian refugium to former glacial Lake Agassiz, and basin isolation 7000 ya. Genetic barriers in the Great Lakes separate groups in Lakes Superior, Huron’s Georgian Bay, Erie and Ontario, reflecting contributions from Mississippian and Atlantic refugia, and changes in connectivity patterns. Walleye genetic patterns thus reflect vicariance among watersheds and glacial refugia, followed by re-colonization pathways and changing drainage connections that established modern-day northern populations, whose separations are maintained through spawning site fidelity. Conservation management practices should preserve genetic identity and unique characters among these divergent walleye populations.
A Survey of Slovenian Women Fairy Tale Writers

In her article "A Survey of Slovenian Women Fairy Tale Writers" Milena Mileva Blažic begins with an introduction to the Slovenian fairy tale writing tradition dating back nearly 150 years. While male authors published collections of tales, women writers published only individual fairy tales and owing to their biographies giving birth to children and caring for their families gained less, if any, recognition in literary history. Blažic's overview of Slovenian women writers of fairy tales and scholarship about the genre includes the related genre of youth literature. Blažic's survey is placed in the context of West European fairy tale writing and she presents the literary history of women's fairy tale writing in Slovenian from the nineteenth- to the twenty-first century.
Rapid Breakdown of Microvascular Barriers and Subsequent Hemorrhagic Transformation After Delayed Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in a Rat Embolic Stroke Model

Background and Purpose— Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) after stroke increases risk of hemorrhagic transformation, particularly in areas with blood-brain b...
Compartmental analyses of plasma n-3 essential fatty acids among male and female smokers and nonsmokers

The effects of cigarette smoking on n-3 essential FA metabolism were studied in male and female subjects by fitting the concentration-time curves of the d5-labeled plasma fatty acids (FAs) originating from a dose of d5-18:3n-3 to a compartmental model of n-3 FA metabolism. For 3 weeks, female (smokers, n=5; nonsmokers, n=5) and male (smokers, n=5; nonsmokers, n=5) subjects subsisted on a beef-based diet. Beginning in the third week, subjects received a dose of d5-18:3n-3 ethyl ester (1 g). Plasma FAs were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry, and the kinetic rate parameters were determined from the concentration-time curves for d5-18:3n-3, d5-20:5n-3, d5-22:5n-3, and d5-22:6n-3. Women smokers had a 2-fold greater percent of dose in plasma (5.8% vs. 2.9%; P
How Do Cloud Capabilities Impact Various Aspects of IT Effectiveness

Adoption of cloud computing has reached an important inflection point that is impacting IT and business strategies and models throughout the industry. There is lack of empirical evidence how cloud adoption and certain capabilities of cloud in particular, impact individual aspects of IT effectiveness like IT quality of service, user satisfaction, and IT helpfulness to users. The intent of this research was to contribute to the body of knowledge that could be applied by researchers, businesses, and IT organizations alike to achieve optimal results by focusing on the most useful capabilities of cloud based services and solutions and elements within them. The study findings provided statistical evidence that certain elements within cloud compatibility have much stronger correlation with various aspects of IT effectiveness than the rest. The new knowledge gained would enhance the decision-making process for IT managers when considering the adoption of cloud technologies and its business models.
Standardizing Hospital Discharge Planning at the Mayo Clinic

Article-at-a-Glance Background Improving the quality of patient coordination in the transition from hospital to home is a high-priority health care concern. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Conditions of Participation in the Medicare Program require that hospitals have a discharge planning (DP) process in effect that applies to all patients. The impact of a practice change in DP practice on the quality of care coordination at discharge was evaluated from patients' perspectives. Methods A multifactor, evidence-based DP practice change, which included merging of DP specialist roles and use of an early screen for DP decision support tool, was initiated in a large, Midwestern academic medical center and evaluated in a nonequivalent comparison group design with separate pre- and postpractice change samples. The three-item Care Transitions Measure™ (CTM-3™) was mailed to adults recently discharged from one medical and one surgical nursing unit before and after the practice change. Results Response rates were 52.4% before (218/416) and 39.5% (153/387) after the practice change. There were no significant differences between characteristics of the pre- and postpractice change participants. The mean CTM-3 score of patients who received assistance from the nurse/ social worker DP team improved by 14 points (67.2 to 81.2), although the data were skewed with a ceiling effect, rendering the results inconclusive. Conclusions Although the CTM-3 results were inconclusive, the practice change resulted in a clinically meaningful decrease in length of stay for a group of older patients at greater risk for complex discharge plans. The proactive approach to DP proved to be a valuable shift. The successes of the standardization of DP processes and improved multidisciplinary teamwork were important considerations for implementation throughout the organization.
Motor Systems — Extra Pyramidal or Basal Ganglia System

A widely spread system of nuclei and fiber tracts, involving cerebral cortex and numerous sub-cortical regions. In contrast to the pyramidal system, this complex motor system influences lower motor neurons via numerous neurons and synapses, involving complex feedback mechanisms.
An Example of Coherent Mathematics Lesson.

This paper attempted to illustrate how a coherence instruction could be accomplished by a teacher's discourse moves. The ultimate goal of this study was to provide mathematics teachers and educational researchers an insightful view of instructional coherence which needs more attention to achieve high quality of mathematics teaching. A Chinese exemplary mathematics lesson was analyzed by applying the framework of teacher's discourse moves proposed by Kussel, Edwards, and Springer.
Tissue-Factor Targeted Peptide Amphiphile Nanofibers as an Injectable Therapy To Control Hemorrhage

Noncompressible torso hemorrhage is a leading cause of mortality in civilian and battlefield trauma. We sought to develop an i.v.-injectable, tissue factor (TF)-targeted nanotherapy to stop hemorrhage. Tissue factor was chosen as a target because it is only exposed to the intravascular space upon vessel disruption. Peptide amphiphile (PA) monomers that self-assemble into nanofibers were chosen as the delivery vehicle. Three TF-binding sequences were identified (EGR, RLM, and RTL), covalently incorporated into the PA backbone, and shown to self-assemble into nanofibers by cryo-transmission electron microscopy. Both the RLM and RTL peptides bound recombinant TF in vitro. All three TF-targeted nanofibers bound to the site of punch biopsy-induced liver hemorrhage in vivo, but only RTL nanofibers reduced blood loss versus sham (53% reduction, p < 0.05). Increasing the targeting ligand density of RTL nanofibers yielded qualitatively better binding to the site of injury and greater reductions in blood loss in vi...
Krull dimension of polynomial rings

Let Q be a prime ideal of R[X1, ..., Xn] and let P=Q ∩ R. This paper investigates the relationship between the ranks of Q and P[X1, ..., Xn]. The results are used to recover some well-known results concerning the Krull dimension of R[X1, ..., Xn]. The paper also contains a number of examples related to questions which arose in connection with the above investigation.
Motivational Interviewing for Enhancing Return to Work

Client motivation is critical for injured workers who are unemployed to seek and then secure employment. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an empirically supported therapeutic approach specifically designed to increase motivation for adaptive behavior change. This chapter summarizes key MI strategies that vocational counselors, psychologists, and other professionals may find useful in facilitating motivation for return to work in their clients. Section one reviews three key motivational concepts that underlie MI: (1) viewing client motivation as a probability of behavior change that fluctuates over time; (2) understanding that counselors can have a significant impact on client motivation; and (3) understanding behavior change as a multistage process. The second section summarizes key MI strategies that counselors can use to enhance client motivation for return to work. The chapter ends with a discussion of some of the limitations of motivational strategies. Counselors, psychologists, and other professionals involved in the return to work process would likely find the MI strategies described here helpful for enhancing return to work outcomes in the populations they serve.
Crystal structure of minehillite: Twinning and structural relationships to reyerite

The crystal structure of minehillite from Franklin, New Jersey, (K,Na)2Ca2sZnsAl4Si4oOlnCOH)I6>was solved and refined in space group P3cl, a = 9.777(2), c = 33.293(2) A, to R = 0.022 for 1510 unique reflections collected from a twinned crystal. Two twinned portions are related to each other by a twofold axis coincident with the 3 axis, which can result in apparent hexagonal symmetry for minehillite. The structure consists of a stacked sequence of three types of layer units: (1) an infinite sheet of edge-sharing Ca-(O,OH) polyhedra, (2) a single sheet of Si04 tetrahedra connected in oval and pseudohexagonalshaped six-membered rings, and (3) a complex slab built of Si04 tetrahedra and Al06 octahedra into which alkali elements and Zn are accommodated. The first two units are identical to those found in the reyerite structure. The third is analogous to the double layer in reyerite but with significant differences. The Si04 tetrahedra in the complex slab in minehillite form two sheets of isolated pseudohexagonal six-membered rings that are connected by AI06 octahedra centered on the threefold axis, which are unusual features among layered silicate minerals. An average of five Zn atoms per cell partially occupy a highly distorted tetrahedral site.
Debating the Democratic Peace in the International System

In recent publications, we inquire whether the pacifying effects that are often attributed to democracy are likely to continue to hold as the world democratizes. Critics raise questions about the theoretical logic and especially the empirical results that we present. After clarifying our theoretical arguments, we discuss the central empirical critiques. We demonstrate that Crescenzi and Kadera’s ([2016][1]) finding of a pacifying effect of systemic democracy is driven not, as they claim, by the use of a better measure of systemic democracy, but by the unjustified decision to omit systemic regime difference from their analysis. Once we restore this variable, we find no evidence that democratization produces a system-level pacifying effect. We agree with our critics that the inclusion of dyadic regime difference produced misleading estimates for lower-threshold democracy. Because our arguments presume the historical existence of a dyadic democratic peace, however, this observation, if anything, resolves an apparent anomaly for our claims. Finally, we explain that Choi ([2016][2]) misunderstands the argument that systemic regime-type difference seeks to capture; we show that his proposed alternative neither captures our concept of interest nor accomplishes what he claims. [1]: #ref-7 [2]: #ref-4
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies TSC1/TSC2 Biallelic Loss as the Primary and Sufficient Driver Event for Renal Angiomyolipoma Development

Renal angiomyolipoma is a kidney tumor in the perivascular epithelioid (PEComa) family that is common in patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) but occurs rarely sporadically. Though histologically benign, renal angiomyolipoma can cause life-threatening hemorrhage and kidney failure. Both angiomyolipoma and LAM have mutations in TSC2 or TSC1. However, the frequency and contribution of other somatic events in tumor development is unknown. We performed whole exome sequencing in 32 resected tumor samples (n = 30 angiomyolipoma, n = 2 LAM) from 15 subjects, including three with TSC. Two germline and 22 somatic inactivating mutations in TSC2 were identified, and one germline TSC1 mutation. Twenty of 32 (62%) samples showed copy neutral LOH (CN-LOH) in TSC2 or TSC1 with at least 8 different LOH regions, and 30 of 32 (94%) had biallelic loss of either TSC2 or TSC1. Whole exome sequencing identified a median of 4 somatic non-synonymous coding region mutations (other than in TSC2/TSC1), a mutation rate lower than nearly all other cancer types. Three genes with mutations were known cancer associated genes (BAP1, ARHGAP35 and SPEN), but they were mutated in a single sample each, and were missense variants with uncertain functional effects. Analysis of sixteen angiomyolipomas from a TSC subject showed both second hit point mutations and CN-LOH in TSC2, many of which were distinct, indicating that they were of independent clonal origin. However, three tumors had two shared mutations in addition to private somatic mutations, suggesting a branching evolutionary pattern of tumor development following initiating loss of TSC2. Our results indicate that TSC2 and less commonly TSC1 alterations are the primary essential driver event in angiomyolipoma/LAM, whereas other somatic mutations are rare and likely do not contribute to tumor development.
ISVEE 14 Yucatan 2015 14th Symposium of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics.

Abstract The 14th Symposium of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE 14) was held in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico during 3–7 November. 2015. The purpose of ISVEE 14 Yucatan 2015 was to provide a global forum for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, junior and senior investigators, as well as health policymakers to exchange information that can advance the fields of veterinary epidemiology and economics, and other disciplines in the health and social sciences. The main theme of ISVEE 14 was Planning Our Future. Human population growth is predicted to increase nearly 50% to 11 billion by 2050, and climate change and changing land use can have an impact on local and global food systems, interactions among humans, wildlife and domestic animals, as well as local, regional, and global public health alerts. How can we help our systems of education, research, and public policy adapt? Are new veterinary graduates and epidemiology practitioners prepared to become active protagonists in the solution of health issues that affect humans and animal populations in a changing environment? What innovative research is needed to understand and enhance the food systems of the future? What are the expected roles or contributions of veterinarians or epidemiology practitioners on future climate change, food systems, and health? Is our profession or discipline leading One Health initiatives? Are there current or new models that make national veterinary services more efficacious and efficient for disease control and eradication? To help us answer these questions, the organizing committee of ISVEE 14 invited five distinguished keynote speakers to share their vision and innovative ideas on education, technological developments, research, and public policy of our future with a concentration in the following five areas: (i) One Health (Jonna Mazet), (ii) climate change (Bernard Bett), (iii) animal health economics (Jonathan Rushton), (iv) national veterinary services (Vitor Goncalves), and (v) animal welfare (Aline Schunemann). This Special Issue includes manuscripts from four of five keynote presentations delivered during ISVEE 14.
Generation of Signs Within Semantic and Phonological Categories: Data from Deaf Adults and Children Who Use American Sign Language

Two key areas of language development include semantic and phonological knowledge. Semantic knowledge relates to word and concept knowledge. Phonological knowledge relates to how language parameters combine to create meaning. We investigated signing deaf adults' and children's semantic and phonological sign generation via one-minute tasks, including animals, foods, and specific handshapes. We investigated the effects of chronological age, age of sign language acquisition/years at school site, gender, presence of a disability, and geographical location (i.e., USA and Puerto Rico) on participants' performance and relations among tasks. In general, the phonological task appeared more difficult than the semantic tasks, students generated more animals than foods, age, and semantic performance correlated for the larger sample of U.S. students, and geographical variation included use of fingerspelling and specific signs. Compared to their peers, deaf students with disabilities generated fewer semantic items. These results provide an initial snapshot of students' semantic and phonological sign generation.
Differential Gene Expression of Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation

The human body is composed of nearly 400 distinct cell types. This great cellular diversity allows us to perform a number of physiological functions, yet all of this is encoded in the same single genome. The difference between all these specialized cells is what parts of the genome they use and how they use the genome to drive cellular differentiation and development. The molecular changes that accompany differentiation are poorly understood. We seek to characterize the functional and molecular alterations that accompany a distinct cellular change. As a model, we use human neuroblastoma cells grown in culture. We show that neuroblastoma cells differentiate into neuronal-like cells upon retinoic acid treatment and characterize the morphological changes using confocal microscopy. To assess the neuronal state of differentiated cells, we performed electrophysiological measurements and show that retinoic acid treatment results in an increased action potential representative of a neuronal phenotype. Together, these results demonstrate that retinoic acid drives cellular differentiation of neuroblastoma cells into a functionally distinct neuronal-like cell. To understand the changes in gene expression that accompany this cellular differentiation, we performed differential gene expression analysis using transcriptomic data from untreated and retinoic acid-treated neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesize that specific groups of genes containing neuronal classifications are upregulated in retinoic acid treated cells compared to the control treatments. To understand the regulatory mechanisms controlling transcriptional silencing of retinoic acid repressed genes, we analyzed whole genome epigenetic datasets and correlate the association with repressive chromatin marks around silenced genes to help define a genetic signature of neuronal differentiation. Overall, this work provides a model for cellular differentiation and will offer mechanistic detail towards the understanding of the molecular events that drive cell fate decisions. 1 Cullar: Differential Gene Expression of Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation Published by Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC, 2015
Energy Efficiency and High-Performance Buildings

In the United States and internationally, buildings represent a significant proportion of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Individual building owners, policymakers, and building occupants have shown increased interest in reducing this energy use. Making progress relies on understanding the current nature of energy use, existing strategies to reduce such use and identifying new approaches that look holistically at building energy across a project's life cycle. While an important building attribute, energy performance is just one important characteristic. Assuring the design, construction, and operation of high-performance buildings requires a focus on all high-performance attributes. To effectively meet the needs of building owners, occupants and their communities, buildings must be considered holistically.
Life History Strategy and Everyday Word Use

Research by Sherman et al. (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 873–888, 2013) has shown that, in speech during clinical-style interviews, life history strategy (LHS) was correlated with variation in the use of 16–19 word categories from the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program. However, links between individual difference variables and word use have been shown to vary as a function of communication context. Therefore, I sought to replicate their results using speech recorded during participants’ daily life via the Electronically Activated Recorder. I also used (1) observer ratings rather than self-ratings of the California Adult Q-Sort (CAQ) items as a measure of LHS, (2) the self-report Arizona Life History Battery (ALHB) as an additional measure of LHS, and (3) Bayesian multi-level aggregated binomial regressions as a complementary analytical technique to conventional correlations. In general, the Sherman et al. results were replicated, particularly with respective to distinctive (corrected for normativeness) LHS. People pursuing a slower distinctive LHS produced proportionately fewer swear words, sexual words, and affect words (particularly negative emotion and anger words), and more work-related words. They also produced fewer words overall. After controlling for distinctive LHS, women were more talkative than men. Associations between the ALHB and word use were weaker than those between the CAQ and word use.
Qué son los mundos posibles

Este trabajo hace una presentacion general de los debates contemporaneos acerca de los mundos posibles. Luego de explicar como es que la semantica de mundos posibles aparecio en logica modal, se discuten brevemente algunas aplicaciones de la nocion: (i) la distincion entre nombres propios y descripciones; (ii) el problema mente-cuerpo; y (iii) la existencia de Dios. En la ultima parte, las metafisicas posibilista y actualista son contrastadas, haciendo enfasis en las limitaciones de las diferentes propuestas.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN VICTIMS OF MASS ATROCITY CRIMES AND VICTIMOLOGY RESEARCH: A CASE STUDY OF THE VICTIMS OF POST-ELECTION VIOLENCE IN KENYA 2007-2008

AbstractVictimologists have developed theories that examine the convergence of time, offenders, lifestyle, and victims as the cause of victimization. However, they have fallen short in developing theories that address the etiology of victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. This article examines existing theories developed through traditional and contemporary victim concepts and analyzes their applicability in addressing collective victimization resulting from the perpetration of international crimes in violation of the norms of international human rights and humanitarian law. As it has been with criminology, victimology has overlooked research on collective victimization that results from wars and other civil unrest around the world. This investigation has been privatized to other disciplines, such as, international law and human rights, political science, and history, just to mention a few. Perhaps this investigation is within victimology’s research province. This article therefore examines selected victimization theories and evaluates the place of victimology in explaining the etiology of victims of mass atrocity crimes while drawing examples from the 2007-2008 post-election violence in Kenya.Key words: Dehumanization, international crimes, differential association, international criminal victimization
Identification and characterization of Sr13, a tetraploid wheat gene that confers resistance to the Ug99 stem rust race group

The Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) Ug99 race group is virulent to most stem rust resistance genes currently deployed in wheat and poses a threat to global wheat production. The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) gene Sr13 confers resistance to Ug99 and other virulent races, and is more effective at high temperatures. Using map-based cloning, we delimited a candidate region including two linked genes encoding coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins designated CNL3 and CNL13. Three independent truncation mutations identified in each of these genes demonstrated that only CNL13 was required for Ug99 resistance. Transformation of an 8-kb genomic sequence including CNL13 into the susceptible wheat variety Fielder was sufficient to confer resistance to Ug99, confirming that CNL13 is Sr13CNL13 transcripts were slightly down-regulated 2-6 days after Pgt inoculation and were not affected by temperature. By contrast, six pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were up-regulated at high temperatures only when both Sr13 and Pgt were present, suggesting that they may contribute to the high temperature resistance mechanism. We identified three Sr13-resistant haplotypes, which were present in one-third of cultivated emmer and durum wheats but absent in most tested common wheats (Triticum aestivum). These results suggest that Sr13 can be used to improve Ug99 resistance in a large proportion of modern wheat cultivars. To accelerate its deployment, we developed a diagnostic marker for Sr13 The identification of Sr13 expands the number of Pgt-resistance genes that can be incorporated into multigene transgenic cassettes to control this devastating disease.
Modification of Ground Motions for Use in Central North America

ABSTRACTExisting procedures are used to modify available recorded ground motions to conform to realistic seismic hazard and regional soil conditions for Central North America. Site-specific bedrock...
Promoting Access to Access with Divorcing Parents

Social work practitioners often make decisions in children's best interests in regard to access to divorcing parents. In this article, the author reviews legal directives and available research on ...
Control-Flow Analysis with SAT Solvers

Control-flow analyses statically determine the control-flow of programs. This is a nontrivial problem for higher-order programming languages. This work attempts to leverage the power of SAT solvers to answer questions regarding control-flow. A brief overview of a traditional control-flow analysis is presented. Then an encoding is given which has the property that any satisfying assignment will give a conservative approximation of the true control-flow, along with additional ideas to improve the precision and efficiency of the encoding. The results of the encodings are then compared to those of a traditional implementation on several example programs. This approach is competitive in some instances with hand-optimized implementations. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results and work that can build upon them.
Edge Detectors Using Greco-Latin Squares

In this paper a 5x5x5x5 Greco-Latin Squares experimental design model has been applied to detect horizontal, vertical and both diagonal edges in a 5x5 pixels mask. After detecting a type of edge (i.e. horizontal, vertical or diagonal), an edge is localized by using the linear one-way analysis of variance model. Comparisons between row or column or diagonal means called contrasts are carried out by F-test on contrasts. These, in turn are used to detect the location of an edge within the mask. Decision is made about presence or absence of an edge for a pixel located in the center of a 5x5 mask and then the mask is moved throughout the image to trace the edge map. The procedure is simple, efficient and robust as supported by computer generated edge detection examples.
Nonparametric Estimation of Basic Quantities for Right-Censored and Left-Truncated Data

In this chapter we shall examine techniques for drawing an inference about the distribution of the time to some event X, based on a sample of right-censored survival data. A typical data point consists of a time on study and an indicator of whether this time is an event time or a censoring time for each of the nindividuals in the study. We assume throughout this chapter that the potential censoring time is unrelated to the potential event time. The methods are appropriate for Type I, Type II, progressive or random censoring discussed in section 3.2.
Microdosimetry for boron neutron capture therapy: a review.

A review of the microdosimetry of boron neutroncapture therapy is presented focusing on the progressionof key scientific ideas and developments in thisfield rather than on a comprehensive and inclusivereview of the literature. The author concludes thatfrom a microdosimetry perspective the field is highlyadvanced, but what is lacking is the correlationof the proposed models and results with experimentalradiobiological data.
Three-dimensional analysis of free-electron laser performance using brightness scaled variables

A three-dimensional analysis of radiation generation in a free-electron laser (FEL) is performed in the small signal regime. The analysis includes beam conditioning, harmonic generation, flat beams, and a new scaling of the FEL equations using the six-dimensional beam brightness. The six-dimensional beam brightness is an invariant under Liouvillian flow; therefore, any nondissipative manipulation of the phase-space, performed, for example, in order to optimize FEL performance, must conserve this brightness. This scaling is more natural than the commonly-used scaling with the one-dimensional growth rate. The brightness-scaled equations allow for the succinct characterization of the optimal FEL performance under various additional constraints. The analysis allows for the simple evaluation of gain enhancement schemes based on beam phase space manipulations such as emittance exchange and conditioning. An example comparing the gain in the first and third harmonics of round or flat and conditioned or unconditioned beams is presented.
Exploiting thread-level speculative parallelism with software value prediction

Software value prediction (SVP) is an effective and powerful compilation technique helping to expose thread-level speculative parallelism. With the help of value analysis and profiling, the compiler identifies critical and predictable variable values and generates speculatively parallelized programs with appropriate value prediction and misprediction recovery code. In this paper, we examine this technique in detail, describe a complete and versatile SVP framework and its detailed implementation in a thread-level speculative parallelization compiler, and present our evaluation results with Spec2000Int benchmarks. Our results not only confirm quantitatively that value prediction is essential to thread-level speculative parallelism; they also show that the corresponding value prediction can be achieved efficiently and effectively by software. We also present evaluation results of the overhead associated with software value prediction and the importance of different value predictors in speculative parallel loops in Spec2000Int benchmarks.
Supporting the development and mindfullness of the newborn

From birth and throughout their development, babies discover their bodies, others and the world around them. During this process, their present sensitivity and capacities must be respected. The gradual acquisition of their skills and autonomy is favoured by the containment of the adult, both physically, emotionally and on a sensory level.
Integration of the ground-based augmentation system in continuous descent operations

Predictability is a necessity in today's commercial flight operations if delays are to be minimized. Possible mitigations, such as the implementation of continuous descent arrivals (CDAs), may help generate the required procedural predictability to curtail these delays. However, on the basis of its individual avionics suite, each aircraft follows a different barometric vertical descent path; furthermore, the aircraft may be given additional level-off segments by air traffic control to compensate for possible deviations in the vertical profile. Therefore, aircraft flying the current descent profiles are too unpredictable and thus the procedures cannot be implemented in complex airspace structures or when traffic is moderate to high. This study introduces a mitigation to this problem by taking the global positioning system (GPS) one step further by integrating the GPS-based ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) into the new optimized continuous decent arrival procedure, subsequently, allowing for the introduction of a geometrical vertical guidance, namely, the GBASCDA, which will make the aircraft flying the descent profile predictable. With the increase in availability of GBAS aircraft equipage, specifically the GPS landing system (GLS), and the approaching amendment of the Appendix E of the Minimum Operational Performance Standards for GPS Local Area Augmentation System Airborne Equipment–RTCA DO-253D, this idea of the integration of the GBAS on the arrival/descent segment as a viable solution may be finally coming within reach.
Geochemical Factors Controlling Dissolved Elemental Mercury and Methylmercury Formation in Alaskan Wetlands of Varying Trophic Status.

The transformations of aqueous inorganic divalent mercury (Hg(II)i) to volatile dissolved gaseous mercury (Hg(0)(aq)) and toxic methylmercury (MeHg) govern mercury bioavailability and fate in north...
Beach Money Exits

The capital structure of fast-growing startups makes them vulnerable to value-destroying acquisitions. Founders in early-stage startups own a large fraction of their company’s equity, which gives them powerful incentives to deliver growth. But there is an underappreciated downside to tying founders’ net worth so tightly to one risky, illiquid asset. When a fast-growing startup receives an acquisition offer for less than its expected value, founders may push their board to take it. Founders may prefer an exit that would diversify their risk and give them financial security for life — beach money — to the uncertain prospect of even greater wealth later. Venture capitalists contract for the right to block this kind of acquisition, but their veto threat will not be credible if the startup’s continued growth requires the founders’ cooperation. Corporate law may not provide a remedy either because the source of a founder-director’s apparent disloyalty is difficult to prove: the subjective value they place on an otherwise legitimate payout. These beach money exits impose a hidden tax on innovation. When an acquirer’s bid is lower than a startup board’s estimate of the expected value of remaining independent, an acquisition may transfer control of the startup’s assets to a business that will put them to a less productive, and possibly anticompetitive, use. The difficulty of preventing these inefficient acquisitions reveals the limits of private ordering.
Abstract P1110: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Blockade Improves Natural Killer Cell Activation, Hypertension, and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in a Preclinical Rat Model of Preeclampsia

Preeclamptic (PE) women have placental ischemia, hypertension (HTN), mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction, increased mt-reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytolytic natural killer (NK) cells, and pro-inflamm...
Advanced 4-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography reconstruction by combining motion estimation, motion-compensated reconstruction, biomechanical modeling and deep learning

4-Dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) offers several key advantages over conventional 3D-CBCT in moving target localization/delineation, structure de-blurring, target motion tracking, treatment dose accumulation and adaptive radiation therapy. However, the use of the 4D-CBCT in current radiation therapy practices has been limited, mostly due to its sub-optimal image quality from limited angular sampling of cone-beam projections. In this study, we summarized the recent developments of 4D-CBCT reconstruction techniques for image quality improvement, and introduced our developments of a new 4D-CBCT reconstruction technique which features simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR). Based on the original SMEIR scheme, biomechanical modeling-guided SMEIR (SMEIR-Bio) was introduced to further improve the reconstruction accuracy of fine details in lung 4D-CBCTs. To improve the efficiency of reconstruction, we recently developed a U-net-based deformation-vector-field (DVF) optimization technique to leverage a population-based deep learning scheme to improve the accuracy of intra-lung DVFs (SMEIR-Unet), without explicit biomechanical modeling. Details of each of the SMEIR, SMEIR-Bio and SMEIR-Unet techniques were included in this study, along with the corresponding results comparing the reconstruction accuracy in terms of CBCT images and the DVFs. We also discussed the application prospects of the SMEIR-type techniques in image-guided radiation therapy and adaptive radiation therapy, and presented potential schemes on future developments to achieve faster and more accurate 4D-CBCT imaging.
Designing a Community of Inquiry in Online Courses

This article describes a practical approach for implementing instructional strategies in order to build a Community of Inquiry (CoI) into an online course. Online community building has positive effects on the quality of student learning, increases student engagement, and encourages motivation of students in online courses. The CoI is a theoretical framework focusing on facilitating meaningful learning experiences through three presences: cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence. This article will introduce the CoI framework by way of literature review focusing on CoI instructional strategies. Using Sorensen and Baylen’s (2009) seven principles of good practice, the author will structure CoI instructional activities into presence categories for practitioner use.
Initial Observation among Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma.

Introduction Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are slow growing tumors. Although there are a wide variety of available treatment options, these tumors are often initially observed. We aimed to establish the presenting symptoms and outcomes of patients treated with initial observation at our institution. Methods The medical records of patients with radiographically diagnosed VS were reviewed from 1989 to 2018. Actuarial estimates of radiographic tumor control and freedom of local therapy were calculated and compared using Cox regression analyses. Results A total of 360 patients were diagnosed with VS at our institution from 1989 through 2018 with a median age of 59.9 years. After radiographic diagnosis, 243 patients (67.5%) opted for initial observation. Local control at 1, 5, and 10 years was 91, 67, and 58%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with shorter time to radiographic tumor progression included younger patient age ( p = 0.016) and tumors with an extracanalicular component ( p = 0.032). Regarding time until definitive treatment only larger baseline American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) tumor size predicted for earlier initiation of therapy ( p < 0.001), although this was restricted to tumors with an extracanalicular component ( p = 0.004), as opposed to purely internal auditory canal tumors ( p = 0.839). Conclusion Many patients who were initially observed continued to have satisfactory local control rates at 10 years. In patients with extracanalicular tumors, larger AAO-HNS tumor measurements were associated with earlier radiographic tumor progression and shorter time to local therapy, with 7 mm serving as a potential threshold value for extracanalicular tumors. Younger patients and tumors with primarily an extracanalicular portion may warrant closer observation.
Application of laser speckle technology on the detection of agricultural products.

[Objective] The research aimed at investigating the application of laser speckle technology in agricultural products detection.[Method] This article described the basic principle of the laser speckle technology,provided a review of application development of the laser speckle technology in agricultural products detection,analyzed the problems in agriculture products detection using laser speckle technology and described the prospects of laser speckle technology in agricultural products detection.[Result] The laser speckle technology is a non-destructive detection technology for quality determination of agricultural products,which can be used to classify the agricultural products reasonably according to the quality of agricultural products.[Conclusion] The article provided reference and consult for laser speckle detection technology research.
Sulfur Isotope Studies on Red Sea Geothermal Brines and Sediments

S34/S32 measurements and trace element analyses were performed on sediment from selected cores from the Red Sea geothermal deposit, the overlying brine and interstitial water.
Advances in Nutrition and Bovine Disease

The relationship between nutrition and livestock production has been recognized for centuries. Gradually, more specific disease syndromes were associated with specific feeding practices (eg. grass staggers in early pasture, alkali disease in arid climates). However, only in the last 60 to 70 years has animal agriculture attained an understanding of the nutritional mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of many disease syndromes. In particular, we have recognized the diseases resulting from dietary deficiencies and excesses. Nonetheless, as the need for production efficiency in animal agriculture increases, and the reliance on chemical methods to enhance disease resistance decreases, progress in the understanding of nutritional disease relationships will need to integrate complex mechanisms of metabolism, pathophysiology, and toxicology. It is the purpose of this paper to outline selected topics that epitomize the complex role of nutrition in bovine metabolic and infectious disease.