cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective Inhibition of Lectin Induced Rabbit Erythrocyte Agglutination by Hydrolysates of Skeletal Beef Protein

Soybean lectin (SBL) induced agglutination of rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) was selectively inhibited by partial tryptic hydrolysates of beef protein isolate and all-beef frankfurter. These interactions have been utilized to design a noninstrumental agglutination method to detect nonbeef muscle protein in meat products. The presence of non-beef muscle proteins in cooked sausages is reflected by a reduced level of inhibition established for the all-beef skeletal muscle hydrolysate. The method effectively detected the presence of 10-50% non-beef proteins (soya, pork, pork rind, chicken, turkey and surimi) substituted in all-beef frankfurter.
Youth employment and education: federal programs from the New Deal through the 1970s

Education, in a variety of forms and for a variety of purposes, has played a role in federally sponsored youth employment efforts since the 1930s. The purpose of this historical review is to describe educational components of major youth employment programs from the New Deal through the Youth Employment and Demonstration Projects Act (YEDPA) of 1977. Attention is given to historical continuities as well as major shifts in policy and administrative strategy. Particular attention is given to the transition from school to work and the role education has played in this transition.
Drainage water management effects on tile discharge and water quality

Abstract Drainage water management (DWM) has received considerable attention as a potential best management practice (BMP) for improving water quality in tile drained landscapes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of DWM on subsurface drain discharge as well as on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads in drainage water. Tile discharge and nutrient concentrations were measured from two adjacent tile drainage outlets in an Ohio, USA headwater watershed for 7 years (2006–2012). A control structure was installed in 2009 to allow DWM at one of the outlets from 2009 to 2012. A before–after control–impact (BACI) study design was used to assess the impact of DWM on tile discharge and nutrient loads. Results showed that DWM significantly decreased annual tile discharge between 11 and 178 mm, which was equivalent to an 8 to 34% reduction in flow. DWM significantly decreased annual NO3 N loads by −1.3 to 26.8 kg ha−1 (−8 to 44%) and annual dissolved P loads by 0.04 to 0.51 kg ha−1 (40 to 68%). Nutrient concentrations were not significantly affected by DWM indicating that decreases in nutrient loads were primarily due to reductions in tile discharge rather than changes in concentration. Results from the current study support the use of DWM as a BMP to decrease N and P loads in subsurface drain discharge throughout the U.S. Midwest. Future research should focus on quantifying the effect of DWM on nutrient transport in other flow paths (e.g., lateral seepage, surface runoff) to further evaluate its use as a BMP in tile drained landscapes.
Segmentation of ECG-gated multidetector row-CT cardiac images for functional analysis

Multi-row detector CT (MDCT) gated with ECG-tracing allows continuous image acquisition of the heart during a breath-hold with a high spatial and temporal resolution. Dynamic segmentation and display of CT images, especially short- and long-axis view, is important in functional analysis of cardiac morphology. The size of dynamic MDCT cardiac images, however, is typically very large involving several hundred CT images and thus a manual analysis of these images can be time-consuming and tedious. In this paper, an automatic scheme was proposed to segment and reorient the left ventricular images in MDCT. Two segmentation techniques, deformable model and region-growing methods, were developed and tested. The contour of the ventricular cavity was segmented iteratively from a set of initial coarse boundary points placed on a transaxial CT image and was propagated to adjacent CT images. Segmented transaxial diastolic cardiac phase MDCT images were reoriented along the long- and short-axis of the left ventricle. The axes were estimated by calculating the principal components of the ventricular boundary points and then confirmed or adjusted by an operator. The reorientation of the coordinates was applied to other transaxial MDCT image sets reconstructed at different cardiac phases. Estimated short-axes of the left ventricle were in a close agreement with the qualitative assessment by a radiologist. Preliminary results from our methods were promising, with a considerable reduction in analysis time and manual operations.
Organization of microtubules in dendrites and axons is determined by a short Hydrophobic zipper in microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau

Here we report that the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau share two separable functional domains. One is the microtubule-binding site which serves to nucleate microtubule assembly; the second is a short C-terminal α-helical sequence which can crosslink microtubules by means of a hydrophobic zipper interaction into dense stable parallel arrays characteristic of axons or dendrites. Thus, interactions between molecules of a single type are capable of drastically reorganizing microtubules and completely suppressing their dynamic properties.
An operator-independent approach to mass spectral peak identification and integration.

A mathematical algorithm is presented that locates and calculates the area beneath peaks from real data using only reproducible mathematical operations and no user-selected parameters. It makes no assumptions about peak shape and requires no smoothing or preprocessing of the data. In fact, it is shown that for matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectra noise exists at all frequency ranges making the smoothing of data without distortion of peak areas impossible. The algorithm is based on a time-series segmentation routine that reduces the data set to groups of three strategic points where each group defines the beginning, center, and ending of each peak located. The peak areas are found from the strategic points using a commonplace polygonal area calculation routine. Peaks with statistically insignificant height or area are then discarded. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on a polystyrene mass spectrum with varying degrees of noise added either mathematically or experiment...
COMPLEMENT AND BODY DEFENSE.

Evidence is presented for the requirement for components of complement in hemolysis, immuneadherence, phagocytosis, and agglutination of platelets by unrelated antigen-antibody complexes. Four serum fractions separated chromatographically were found necessary for the hemolytic reactivity of C'3. A small survey was made of human complement in sera from normal persons and hospitalized patients. Assays of antibody nitrogen, hemolysis, immune-adherence, and agglutination were performed with anti-sera collected at varying times following immunization with varying numbers of sheep erythrocytes.
High-Throughput Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Full Replication Assay That Includes HIV-1 Vif as an Antiviral Target

Antiviral screens have proved useful for the identification of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibitors. In this study, we describe an HIV-1 full replication (HIV-1 Rep) assay that incorporates all of the targets required for replication in T-cell lines, including the HIV-1 Vif gene. The HIV-1 Rep assay was designed to exhibit optimal sensitivity to late-stage as well as early-stage inhibitors to maximize the likelihood of identification of novel target antiviral compounds in a screen. In addition, the flexibility of the HIV-1 Rep assay allows the rapid evaluation of antiviral compounds against different virus strains in different T-cell lines without significant modification of the assay format. We demonstrate that the HIV-1 Rep assay exhibits characteristics (e.g., a favorable Z' value) compatible with high-throughput screening in a 384-well format. The utility of the HIV-1 Rep assay was demonstrated in a high-throughput screen of >10(6) compounds. To our knowledge, this study represents the first example of an HIV-1 antiviral screen that includes Vif as a functional target and was executed on an industrial scale.
Parental bonds, anxious attachment, media internalization, and body image dissatisfaction: Exploring a mediation model.

The first purpose of this study was to investigate direct links between body image dissatisfaction (BID) in college women and their memories of either parent as cold and emotionally aloof. Theory, clinical case evidence, and a small (but growing) number of studies support these links. After estimating the strength of the associations between parental "care" and BID, the second goal of this study was to investigate a 2-stage model in which adult attachment anxiety and internalization of media images each serve as mediators of this relationship. Thus, in a sample of 224 college women, the authors tested a causal chain with 3 links and 4 sets of variables. Results suggested that both mother and father care were negatively associated with attachment anxiety; attachment anxiety was positively associated with internalization of media influence; and media influence was positively associated with BID. Most important, the authors found that the significant negative associations between mother and father care and BID were mediated by both attachment anxiety and media internalization. The data supported a 2-stage mediation model of hypothesized links of BID etiology.
Anxiety sensitivity and abstinence duration to smoking

Aims: The aim of the present investigation was to replicate and extend previous work on Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) and shorter abstinence duration among a sample of young adult daily smokers. Methods: Participants were 75 daily smokers who completed measures of smoking history, AS, and negative affectivity.Results: As expected, AS total score was significantly associated with increased risk of early smoking relapse; these effects were above and beyond smoking rate and negative affectivity.Conclusions: Results suggest that elevations in AS may increase the probability of abstinence duration and that this association is not attributable to negative affectivity or smoking rate.
Balloon dilation of the eustachian tube in a cadaver model: technical considerations, learning curve, and potential barriers.

Objectives/Hypothesis: The surgical management options for eustachian tube dysfunction have historically been limited. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the technical considerations, learning curve, and potential barriers for balloon dilation of the eustachian tube (BDET) as an alternative treatment modality. Study Design: Prospective preclinical trial of BDET in a cadaver model. Methods: A novel balloon catheter device was used for eustachian tube dilation. Twenty-four BDET procedures were performed by three independent rhinologists with no prior experience with the procedure (eight procedures per surgeon). The duration and number of attempts of the individual steps and overall procedure were recorded. Endoscopic examination of the eustachian tube was performed after each procedure, and the surgeon was asked to rate the subjective difficulty on a five-point scale. Results: Successful completion of the procedure occurred in each case. The overall mean duration of the procedure was 284 seconds, and a mean number of 1.15 attempts were necessary to perform the individual steps. The mean subjective procedure difficulty was noted as somewhat easy. Statistically shorter duration and subjectively easier procedure were noted in the second compared to the first half of the series, indicating a favorable learning curve. Linear fissuring within the eustachian tube lumen without submucosal disruption (nine procedures, 37%) and with submucosal disruption (five procedures, 21%) were noted. The significance of these physical findings is unclear. Conclusions: Preclinical testing of BDET is associated with favorable duration, learning curve, and overall ease of completion. Clinical trials are necessary to evaluate safety and efficacy. Laryngoscope, 2012
TGA/FT-IR studies of the deactivation of sulfated zirconia catalysts

Abstract The deactivation of sulfated zirconia catalysts in the isomerization of n-butane has been studied using a combined TGA/FT-IR technique. Following deactivation at 200°C in the n-butane isomerization reaction, two SO 2 desorption maxima centered at 600°C and at 850°C were observed under a flow of N 2 . Coincidental with the low temperature desorption maximum of SO 2 centered at 600°C, a CO 2 desorption maximum was also observed. Under an oxygen flow, the coke could be selectively burned off without removing the low temperature sulfur, which results in the complete restoration of the catalytic activity. In a N 2 flow, both CO 2 and SO 2 (low temperature) were removed. The loss of the low temperature sulfur results in a catalyst which is inactive in the isomerization of n-butane . A change in the crystal phase was not observed by XRD as result of the loss of the sulfur evolved at 600°C.
Spreadsheet Enhancement to Calculating the pI of Proteins

The use of spreadsheets in the undergraduate classroom can be a powerful learning tool to do a large number of repetitive calculations in a short period of time. Spreadsheets also provide flexibility in editing the way calculations are preformed. A recent article in this Journal clearly demonstrates the use of spreadsheets to calculate a protein’s pI. This letter to the editor shows one more function of the spreadsheet to make the calculation more powerful, while not detracting from the flexibility of the spreadsheet.
Reorganization Parameters of Electronic Transitions in Electronically Delocalized Systems. 2. Optical Spectra

This is a modification of the condensed-phase band shape analysis of optical spectra to treat electronically delocalized systems. It incorporates the dependence of the optical observables on the optical transition dipole. Absorption and emission band shapes are calculated on the basis of adiabatic free energy surfaces defined as the functions of the reorganization parameters invariant to electronic delocalization and the parameter of electronic delocalization. The latter is given through the ratio of the transition and differential chromophore dipoles. The linear response relations commonly used to connect optical observables to reorganization parameters of electron transfer reactions break down for electronically delocalized systems. The optical Stokes shift depends strongly on the delocalization parameter deviating downward from twice the adiabatic reorganization energy with electronic delocalization. The Stokes shift is a rising function of solvent polarity for localized systems. An inverted solvent de...
Implementing Developmental Screening Programs for Infants and Toddlers in the Child Welfare System

In 2003, revisions to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act required states to develop plans to refer children younger than 3 years of age with a substantiated case of abuse and neglect for developmental screening. A decade after legislation was passed, its implementation varies considerably across states. This article explains how research informs the need for careful developmental monitoring of young children, especially those experiencing trauma or living under stressful conditions. Finally, this article presents how one community used colocation to increase developmental screenings for young abused and neglected children.
Author's reply [to 'Comments on "Partial-volume Bayesian classification of material mixtures in MR volume data using voxel histograms" by Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh and Joe P. Windham']

D.H. Laidlaw replies to comments made on his paper (D.H. Laidlaw et al., ibid., vol. 17, no. 1, p. 74-86, 1998) by H. Soltanian-Zadeh and J.P. Windham (ibid., vol. 17, no. 6, p. 1094, 1998). D.H. Laidlaw says that the concept of optimality always rests on a framework of assumptions. Eigenimage filtering is optimal under a certain set of assumptions. However, D.H. Laidlaw et al.'s voxel histogram method uses different assumptions and, as D.H. Laidlaw demonstrates, produces better results with fewer images. In this communication D.H. Laidlaw first discusses some of the assumptions leading to the eigenimage filtering method, then describe how his assumptions differ and how they lead to a different type of classification method. He then presents results comparing the two methods, addresses the four points raised in the communication by H. Soltanian-Zadeh and J.P. Windham (ibid., vol. 17, no. 6, p. 1094, 1998) and states his conclusions.
Export pricing, flexible exchange rates, and divergence in the prices of traded goods

Abstract A model of firm pricing where customers adjust slowly to price differences is extended to an exporting firm under flexible exchange rates. The foreign currency price the firm sets determines both current net revenue and the rate of investment in market share. Real exchange rate changes lead to price revisions, but the protracted adjustment of customers prompts a smaller price response to transitory changes in the real exchange rate. The model accounts for observed variations in traded goods prices across countries and the failure of exporting firms to pass through exchange rate changes, but, in contrast to static models, does not predict frequent reallocation of traded goods production.
Algorithms for logical design

A series of ?extraction algorithms? are presented that are applicable to the design of a wide class of combinational circuits. A special operation, the #-product, is introduced for carrying out these algorithms. Complete algorithms for the design of minimal and near-minimal 2-level AND-OR circuits are given, utilizing the extraction algorithms and the #-product. (These algorithms have been programmed for the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) 704 and are available through the SHARE Library. Data are shown on the usage of these programs by IBM circuit designers.) Indication is also given as to how the extraction algorithms may be applied to a broader class of problems, namely to the design of disjunctions of nonsingular circuits.
Erlebnis, Erwartung und Ethik (Experience, Expectation, and Ethics)

The cover image, ‘Erlebnis, Erwartung und Ethik (Experience, Expectation, and Ethics)’ strives to combine the facts and possibilities of science, explanatory fictions, fantasies and fears of society, and contemplative dimensions of imagination, philosophy and ethics. The motifs seek to depict evolution and practices of neuroethics within the Circle of Sciences, to entail both the neurological basis of ethical thought, and the ethical consideration of neurosceintific progress. In this way, neuroethics merges classical notions of philosophy and ethics (viz.-the imagery of the antiquarian sculpted bust), our ongoing, however limited attempts and approaches to explain the mind (viz.-the phrenologic template and the circuitry of the computational model), and the impetus to engage, manipulate, and enhance our brain, mind and selves, both through novel uses of older, existing technologies (e.g.the optical lens-eye), and the yoking of these technologies—and the human being—to new inventions (as in human-machine interfacing, characterized by the cyborg). While many of the more extreme iterations of such ideas have transand post-human implications, and are the stuff of “Steampunk” and “Cyberpunk” fantasy, we cannot forget that our future visions, dreams and fears are often revealed in art. In fact, science, philosophy, ethics and the artifacts and societies we have created (and could create) are all the stuff of our mental capabilities, as is the potential for a utopian or dystopian future. At the core of each and all points of philosophical and neuroethical discussion is the human brain itself, which while the source of our thoughts and emotions thoughout history, remains only partially accessible to our investigations, and in this way reminds us of the contingent truths of neuroscience and the importance of neuroethics in negotiating these contingencies. Neuroethics (2009) 2:113 DOI 10.1007/s12152-009-9035-y
Left-right-symmetric electroweak models with triplet Higgs field

We examine the predictions of the conventional SU(2${)}_{\mathit{L}}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}SU(2${)}_{\mathit{R}}$\ensuremath{\bigotimes}U(1${)}_{\mathit{B}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{L}}$ left-right-symmetric model in the case where the minimal Higgs sector (containing one bidoublet, one L-triplet, and one R-triplet Higgs field) and the standard lepton representations (incorporating right-handed partners for the observed neutrinos) are adopted. We show that a complete analysis of spontaneous symmetry breaking for the Higgs sector leads to a highly restrictive range of possibilities for global minima that are simultaneously consistent with all experimental observations (such as lepton masses, ${\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{L}}$-${\mathit{K}}_{\mathit{S}}$ mixing, etc.). As a result, the possible phenomenologies for the gauge and Higgs bosons of the model are very limited. For instance, we demonstrate that in the absence of explicit CP violation in the Higgs potential, spontaneous CP violation does not arise and the fermion couplings exhibit ``manifest'' left-right symmetry. Further, we find no entirely natural solutions other than ones in which all of the extra (non-standard-model) gauge and Higgs bosons associated with the left-right-symmetric extension are extremely heavy (typically, more massive than ${10}^{7}$ GeV). Only by ``fine-tuning'' certain parameters of the Higgs potential is it possible to bring these extra particles down to an observable mass scale. Alternatively, symmetries can be introduced to eliminate the terms in the Higgs potential associated with these parameters, but only at the sacrifice of introducing undesirable consequences for fermion masses. Many of the pitfalls and problems are illustrated using a simplified model. Overall, we emphasize the necessity of performing a complete minimization of the Higgs sector before extracting phenomenology.
The Vocal Joystick Engine v1.0

We present the Vocal Joystick engine, a real-time software library which can be used to map non-linguistic vocalizations into realizable continuous control signals. The system is designed to strike a balance between low latency and accurate recognition while simultaneously taking advantage of the rich complexity of sounds producible by the human vocal tract. By developing a modular, cross-platform library, we aim to provide a robust but simple means of incorporating such controls into any application, thereby producing a new form of accessible technology. This is demonstrated by the various applications that so far have used the Vocal Joystick engine. Unlike previous discussions of parts of the Vocal Joystick, this paper presents a detailed view of the inner workings of the current version of the engine.
Surface dependence of field ion energy distributions, He on W

Kinetic energy distributions of helium ions produced by field ionization above the (100), (110), and (111) planes of tungsten field emitters are reported. The energy resolution of these measurements if 0.3 eV fwhm. The main peak of these distributions is found to shift by as much as 0.7 eV at F = 5.3 V/A, T = 21 K, when the origin of the ions collected is changed slightly. Several possible explanations for this shift are discussed. The most plausible of these involves electron tunneling through a field adsorbed helium atom. These results have important implications for the use of field ion energy distributions as a probe of the density of electronic states of the emitter.
Actively tracking 'passive' stability in a ball bouncing task

This study investigates the control involved in a task where subjects rhythmically bounce a ball with a hand-held racket as regularly as possible to a prescribed amplitude. Stability analyses of a kinematic model of the ball-racket system revealed that dynamically stable solutions exist if the racket hits the ball in its decelerating upward movement phase. Such solutions are resistant to small perturbations obviating explicit error corrections. Previous studies reported that subjects' performance was consistent with this 'passive' stability. However, some 'active' control is needed to attune to this passive stability. The present study investigates this control by confronting subjects with perturbations where stable behavior cannot be maintained solely from passive stability. Six subjects performed rhythmic ball bouncing in a virtual reality set-up with and without perturbations. In the perturbation trials the coefficient of restitution of the ball-racket contact was changed at every fifth contact leading to unexpected ball amplitudes. The perturbations were compensated for within 2-3 bouncing cycles such that ball amplitudes decreased to initial values. Passive stability was reestablished as indicated by negative racket acceleration. Results revealed that an adjustment of the racket period ensured that the impacts occurred at a phase associated with passive stability. These findings were implemented in a model consisting of a neural oscillator that drives a mechanical actuator (forearm holding the racket) to bounce the ball. Following the perturbation, the oscillator's period is adjusted based on the perceived ball velocity after impact. Simulation results reproduced the major aspects of the experimental results. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Simulation Module to Bring Applied Marketing Information System Development to the Classroom

This article addresses considerations of bringing applied marketing information system development to the classroom. Information systems are destined to become one of the most discussed academic topics in the 1980s. The knowledge transfer from the descriptive to the applied is not easily accomplished in the classroom, but the prospect of simulations is one which marketing educators can no longer afford to avoid. This article discusses the concepts and problems inherent in an attempt to establish a novel course in marketing information systems.
Comparison of narrow-band reflectance spectroscopy and tristimulus colorimetry for measurements of skin and hair color in persons of different biological ancestry.

We have used two modern computerized handheld reflectometers, the Photovolt ColorWalk colorimeter (a tristimulus colorimeter; Photovolt, UMM Electronics, Indianapolis, IN) and the DermaSpectrometer (a specialized narrow-band reflectometer; Cortex Technology, Hadsund, Denmark), to compare two methods for the objective determination of skin and hair color. These instruments both determine color by measuring the intensity of reflected light of particular wavelengths. The Photovolt ColorWalk instrument does so by shining a white light and sensing the intensity of the reflected light with a linear photodiode array. The ColorWalk results can then be expressed in terms of several standard color systems, most importantly, the Commission International d'Eclairage (CIE) Lab system, in which any color can be described by three values: L*, the lightness; a*, the amount of green or red; and b*, the amount of yellow or blue. Instead of a white light and photodiodes, the DermaSpectrometer uses two light-emitting diodes (LEDs), one green and one red, to illuminate a surface, and then it records the intensity of the reflected light. The results of these readings are expressed in terms of erythema (E) and melanin (M) indices. We measured the unexposed skin of the inner upper arm, the exposed skin of the forehead, and the hair, of 80 persons using these two instruments. Since it is important for the application of these measures in anthropology that we understand their relationship across a number of different pigmentation levels, we sampled persons from several different groups, namely, European Americans (n = 55), African Americans (n = 9), South Asians (n = 7), and East Asians (n = 9). In these subjects, there is a very high correlation between L* and the M index for the inner arm (R(2) = 0.928, P < 0.001), the forehead (R(2) = 0.822, P < 0.001), and the hair (R(2) = 0.827, P < 0.001). The relationship between a* and the E index is complex and dependent on the pigmentation level. We conclude that while both types of instruments provide accurate estimates of pigment level in skin and hair, measurements using narrow-band instruments may be less affected by the greater redness of certain body sites due to increased vascularization.
The effects of scopolamine hydrobromide on one-way and two-way avoidance learning in rats

Abstract Previous studies have shown certain striking similarities between the behavioral effects produced by some anticholinergic drugs and the effects produced by hippocampal destruction. To investigate this parallel more thoroughly, scopolamine hydrobromide was administered to rats in one-way and two-way active avoidance learning situations. The drugged animals showed improved learning of the two-way problem, reaching criterion in one-half the number of trials and making one-third as many errors as the saline injected controls. In the one-way task the drugged subjects performed slightly worse than control animals. These data correspond very closely to those from similar experiments using hippocampectomized subjects.
Noteworthy Collections: Alabama

Hamamelis ovalis S.W. Leonard (HAMAMELIDACEAE)Clarke County: collected 10.5 air km SSW of Grove Hill, just S of intermittent, unnamed tributary of Rabbit Creek, ca. 1.3 air km N of jet. with Maubila Scout Camp Road and Co. Rd. 19; 31°37'01"N, 87°48'09"W; 28 August 2009, B. R. Keener 5609 with W. K. Webb (UWAL, duplicates to be distributed to AUA, GA, FSU, NCU, TROY, UNA, VDB); collected ca. 0.5 km NE of eastern terminus of Edward Harrell Lake, ca. 1.1 km N of Maubila Scout Camp Headquarters; 31°37'06"N, 87°48'41"W; 28 August 2009, B. R. Keener 5598 with W. K. Webb (UWAL, duplicates to be distributed). Covington County: collected 3.1 air km WNW of Carolina, along private unmarked road ca. 1.3 km S of jet. with Co. Rd. 31 at Salem Church; 31°14'57"N, 86°33'36"W; 18 October 2009, B. R. Keener 5654 with W. K. Webb (UWAL, duplicates to be distributed). Monroe County: collected 10.5 air km SW of Vredenburgh, just E of unmarked road ca. 2.2 km N of jet. with River Ridge Road; 31°44'29"N, 87°21'54"W; 18 October 2009, B. R. Keener 5642 with W. K. Webb (UWAL, duplicates to be distributed). Significance. These collections represent the first report of this taxon from Alabama thus terminating endemic status in Mississippl. The distinctive Hamamelis ovalis is a species relatively new to science only being described in 2006 (Leonard). Before now, the type locality and some nearby small populations in Perry County, Mississippi were the extent of its known distribution. Of the newly discovered localities, Covington County is the most distant from the type locality extending the range ca. 241 km to
Measurement of relative electron-impact excitation cross sections for Fe24+

We present measurements of the relative electron-impact-excitation cross sections for the 1{ital s}{sup 2} {sup 1}S{sub 0}--1{ital s}2{ital p} {sup 1}P{sub 1}, 1{ital s}{sup 2} {sup 1}S{sub 0}--1{ital s}2{ital p} {sup 3}P{sub 2}, 1{ital s}{sup 2} {sup 1}S{sub 0}--1{ital s}2{ital p} {sup 3}P{sub 1}, and 1{ital s}{sup 2} {sup 1}S{sub 0}--1{ital s}2{ital s} {sup 3}S{sub 1} transitions for the He-like ion, Fe{sup 24+}. The measurements were made at two electron energies: 6.86 and 9.94 keV. The cross-section measurements are compared with theoretical calculations.
Electron temperature determination in LTE and non-LTE plasmas

Abstract A method is presented for calculating electron temperatures (Te) in dense plasmas, which does not assume equivalence with the excited level distribution temperatures (Tex). The method involves the upper-level Saha ionization equation at the ionization limit, the limiting weighted population density (NI/gI) obtained from measured population densities and the experimentally obtained electron density. Electron temperatures calculated for 0.1-bar hydrogen and 1-atm helium and argon arcs are found to be up to twice as large as excited level distribution temperatures. For subatmospheric argon arcs, the calculated Te are equivalent to the excitation temperature of the middle levels, but are two to three times smaller than the quoted Tex for the highest levels. Reasons are discussed for the apparent invisibility of true electron temperatures and for differences between them and the excitation temperatures.
Intra- and interspecific competition and host race formation in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Intra- and interspecific resource competition are potentially important factors affecting host plant use by phytophagous insects. In particular, escape from competitors could mediate a successful host shift by compensating for decreased feeding performance on a new plant. Here, we examine the question of host plant-dependent competition for apple (Malus pumila)- and hawthorn (Crataegus mollis)-infesting larvae of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) at a field site near Grant, Michigan, USA. Interspecific competition from tortricid (Cydia pomonella, Grapholita prunivora, and Grapholita packardi) and agonoxenid (subfamily Blastodacninae) caterpillars and a curculionid weevil (Conotrachelus crataegi) was much stronger for R. pomonella larvae infesting the ancestral host hawthorn than the derived host apple. Egg to pupal survivorship was estimated as 52.8% for fly larvae infesting hawthorn fruit without caterpillars and weevils compared to only 27.3% for larvae in harthorns with interspecific insects. Survivorship was essentially the same between fly larvae infesting apples in the presence (44.8%) or absence (42.6%) of interspecific insects. Intraspecific competition among maggots was also stronger in hawthorns than apples. The order or time that a larva exited a hawthorn fruit was a significant determinant of its pupal mass, with earlier emerging larvae being heavier than later emerging larvae. This was not the case for larvae in apples, as the order or time that a larva exited an apple fruit had relatively little influence on its pupal mass. Our findings suggest that decreased performance related to host plant chemistry/nutrition may restrict host range expansion and race formation in R. pomonella to those plants where biotic/ecological factors (i.e. escape from competitors and parasitoids) adequately balance the survivorship equation. This balance permits stable fly populations to persist on novel plants, setting the stage for the evolution of host specialization under certain mitigating conditions (e.g. when mating is host specific and host-associated fitness trade-offs exist).
The metabolism of piperonyl butoxide in the rat with 14C in the methylenedioxy or α-methylene group

Abstract The metabolism of methylenedioxy- 14 C- and α-methylene- 14 C-piperonyl butoxide in the rat was elaborated using both thin-layer and radioautographic techniques. Following single intravenous injection of the methylenedioxy- 14 C isotope, 13 metabolites were detected in the bile and 11 in the urine, while the analogous administration of the α-methylene- 14 C isotope resulted in 24 metabolites in the bile and 26 in the urine. Co-chromatographic procedures have suggested the similarity (in R P values) of a total of 14 biliary and 14 urinary metabolites arising from both isotopes. In addition, significant radioactivity from each isotope was detected in the lung and fat and identified as unchanged piperonyl butoxide in both cases. The rates of biliary elimination of metabolites from both isotopes indicated initially high levels of excretion followed by a prolonged period of elimination. The significance of this in addition to the tissue residues is discussed.
GIS-based dynamic construction site material layout evaluation for building renovation projects

Abstract Material layout is critical in construction planning. A poor material layout causes site congestions and the inaccessibility of certain materials, leading to project delays and cost overruns. Site material layout is mainly constrained by space and time that have to be considered in an integrated manner, which is very limited in the existing literature, particularly for building renovation projects that are typically constrained by a tight space. This study proposed a new concept, e.g. Material Accessibility Grade (MAG), to quantify the material accessibility throughout the project duration. A material layout evaluation model (MLEM) was created based on the MAG concept to integrate space and time. The MLEM was implemented on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform and applied in a building renovation project. It was found that besides plan assessment and comparison, the MLEM could also detect spatial–temporal conflicts and suggest mitigation measures to improve material accessibility and reduce time waste.
Extending the range of validity of optical scintillometer measurements

Measurements of the level of turbulence Cn2 have been successfully performed with the optical scintillometer. The success of this instrument is based on the observed fact that the variance of aperture-averaged scintillation is described by weak scattering theory even for conditions under which strong scintillation is observed for small apertures. However, for sufficiently long propagation paths the aperture-averaged variance is affected by strong scattering. The effects of strong scattering are calculated theoretically and compared to experiment. The physics of this regime are discussed and the important parameters investigated in order to extend the range of validity of optical scintillometer measurements.
Breaking from the Past: The Challenge of Documenting Intimate Partner Violence in Southeastern Europe

Abstract Without systematically collected data on violence against women, it is difficult to know how often the violence occurs and what populations are most in need of services. These efforts are especially needed in southeastern Europe, where there have been significant legislative changes in the last ten years but few mechanisms for monitoring progress or enforcement of policies. Efforts to establish systematic data collection are hampered by a lack of infrastructure to support such projects, cultural emphasis on male authority, and long-standing conflicts in the region. Recommendations for further research in the region are included.
Genetic dysphasia and linguistic theory

Abstract Linguists have good reason to pay close attention to studies of genetic dysphasia, as they promise to be of great relevance to controversies in the field. In particular, genetic dysphasia provides evidence that seems to point incontrovertibly to a genetic basis for grammar. It is, however, premature to advance claims as to how current approaches to grammar might capture the range of deficits that have been observed or how genetic dysphasia itself might decide in favor of one or another model of grammatical theory. Even so, genetic dysphasia does appear to have immediate import to three areas of interest to linguists: the cognitive systems involved in inflectional morphology, the phylogenesis of grammar, and the nature of adult-acquired second languages.
The Ophthalmic Clinical Evaluation Exercise (OCEX)

Abstract Purpose New concise tools must be developed to assess reliably and validly the core residency competencies identified by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Participants Eighteen content experts (residency program directors). Methods A 1-page Ophthalmic Clinical Exercise Examination (OCEX) checklist, for use during observed resident–patient interactions, was developed by an American Board of Ophthalmology taskforce. The OCEX checklist was sent to 18 content experts for their review and constructive comments. Results Experts' comments were incorporated, establishing face and content validity. Conclusions The OCEX has face and content validity. It can be used to assess a resident's patient care skills, medical knowledge, and interpersonal skills. Reliability and predictive validity still need to be determined.
Spin Lifetime Measurements in MBE-Grown GaAs Epilayers

Electron spin relaxation times in excess of the localized limit have been measured in MBE n-GaAs layers, with the times depending on the doping concentration. We have optically oriented the electrons in the samples, and measured spin lifetimes via luminescence depolarization in a transverse magnetic field (Hanle effect). The lifetimes thus obtained were 14 and 26 ns for samples nominally doped at 1 x 10 1 5 and 3 × 10 1 5 cm - 3 , respectively. The dominant dephasing mechanism, which is the hyperfine interaction of localized electrons with lattice nuclei, is discussed. Our results are presented in the context of our larger goal, which is to use resonance techniques for spin measurements and control. In this context, the Hanle spin lifetime measurement is a necessary step to be followed by optically detected magnetic resonance in a longitudinal magnetic field.
Can Curriculum-Embedded Measures Predict the Later Reading Achievement of Kindergarteners at Risk of Reading Disability?

This study examined the changing role and longitudinal predictive validity of curriculum-embedded progress-monitoring measures (CEMs ) for kindergarten students receiving Tier 2 intervention and id...
What if the Academy Actually Mattered

The article presents a speech by Donald C. Hambrick, president of the Academy of Management, delivered at the Columbia University, New York in 1993. Topics include accomplishments of the Academy of Management, initiatives that must be considered by the Board of Governors, and the role of the Academy of Management in the field of business and management.
Erythropoietin: high profile, high scrutiny.

Recombinant human erythropoietin has enjoyed a high profile status throughout its history in medicine. The isolation and purification of erythropoietin and the subsequent cloning of the humanprotein,followedbyclinicaltrialsdemonstratingthereversal of anemia in renal dialysis patients in the 1980s ushered in the era of biotechnology. 1 In the 1990s, randomized clinical trials demonstrated that recombinant human erythropoietin was also effectiveintreatmentofanemiaincancerpatientsreceivingchemotherapy. 2 Subsequent open label trials described the impact of erythropoietic therapy in patients with anemia related to cancer chemotherapy. 3-5 While these trials lacked a control group, the results were very high profile because of the thousands of patients treated. These data correlated the relationship, not only between rising hemoglobin and reduction in transfusion requirement, but also in defining the relationships between anemia, fatigue, and quality of life measures. 6 These results were further validated in a subsequent randomized placebo-controlled study. 7 These open label trials also were fundamental to defining the incremental improvement in quality of life measures with increasing hemoglobin levels in cancer chemotherapy patients, with an optimum hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL. 8 Based on these data and extensive
On the azimuthal evolution and geoeffectiveness of the SIR‐associated stream interface

In this study, the azimuthal evolution of stream interaction regions is investigated, with the goal of predicting the time of arrival of an interface at some later position near 1 AU. A new stream interaction region (SIR) data set is constructed from ACE, STEREO A, and STEREO B in situ measurements, and it is demonstrated that the magnetic pressure and azimuthal flow angle provide the simplest robust estimation of the interface time. This data set was applied in the investigation. In the analysis, the geometric effects of the magnetic spiral angle and the tilt angle of stream interfaces are considered, and it is demonstrated how they may be used to improve forecasts of the arrival time of stream interaction regions from a spacecraft located at 1 AU. The polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field, toward or away from the Sun, observed by consecutive spacecraft measurements is considered for the slow and fast streams straddling a stream interface, in order to investigate whether the geoeffectiveness of the two streams may also be forecast from 1 AU. It is found that the polarity of the magnetic field, associated with a given stream interface, is conserved when observed by two separate spacecraft at azimuthal separations of 20° or less and while in the fast wind, however, the field polarity was not always conserved when observed in the slow wind ahead of the interface. An analysis of the tilt angle evolution during 2008 showed that while the azimuthal tilt angles were generally similar between observations in the same Carrington rotation and in consecutive rotations of the same corotating interaction region, the meridional tilt angles may differ significantly. The forecast analysis showed that the azimuthal evolution of a SIR at 1 AU may be predicted to within a day or two of the actual evolution time, while any discrepancy was most likely caused by changes at the coronal hole on the solar surface, leading azimuthal and radial evolution of the SIR.
Modeling of Selective Photon Capture for Collection of Fluorescence Emitted from Dermally-Implanted Microparticle Sensors

Fluorescence-based sensors have been developed in microsphere formats for many biochemical targets. For these to be deployed in vivo for on-demand monitoring, a matched optical system for delivery of excitation and measurement of emission is needed. To optimize excitation and collection efficiency, statistical ray-tracing may be used to model the distribution of diffusely reflected light resulting from varying input beam profiles. In this work, simulations were performed for models of microsphere fluorescent materials embedded in skin to predict the distribution of excitation and fluorescent photons escaping the skin surface. Simulations prove that the emission photons possess sufficient intensity and spectral information for quantitative analysis. This modeling approach will enable further design of intensity or lifetime instrumentation to maximize signal-to-noise for measurements from implanted sensor particles.
Acreage Decisions under Marketing Quotas and Yield Uncertainty

A conceptual model examines how quotas and yield uncertainty affect acreage decisions. Production in excess of a quota can occur if the price for quota production is large relative to marginal costs. Increasing risk aversion increases expected production further if the risk of forfeiting quota revenue is given greater weight than avoiding production risk. Allowing quota carryover decreases production levels. Simulations indicate the most important factors determining expected production levels are (a) the existence of a carryover provision, (b) the price differential given to quota production relative to nonquota production, and (c) the level of marginal costs relative to the quota price.