cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The restorative effects of campus landscape biodiversity: Assessing visual and auditory perceptions among university students

Abstract Campus greenness reportedly has a restorative effect on university students by reducing stress and fatigue. This study questioned whether more biodiverse green-spaces have more restorative effects than conventional lawns in campus environments. Unlike most previous studies solely relying on visual stimuli, this study focused on the effect of multisensory (visual and auditory) stimuli on mental restoration, which has been understudied. This study used a four-group pre-posttest-randomized experiment design (2 × 2 factorial design), and a 360-degree view video via an online platform survey. A total of 319 university students were randomly assigned to four experimental settings characterized by: (1) low-biodiversity with no sound, (2) high-biodiversity with no sound, (3) low-biodiversity with sound, and (4) high-biodiversity with sound. The restorative status and mood status at pre-intervention and post-intervention were evaluated using the restorative state scale (RSS) and the Short Form of The Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF). The results indicated that neither the level of biodiversity nor natural sound had a significant effect on restorative and mood states. However, there was a statistically significant interaction effect between auditory and visual stimuli in mood states. The presence of natural sound with a high biodiversity environment showed lower negative mood states than the absence of natural sound. Perceived biodiversity was also examined to clarify the possible association with these psychological responses. The results indicated that perceived plant species richness is positively associated with negative mood states. These discrepancies may be explained by poor biodiversity identification. The findings of this study add to a small but growing literature that indicates that a biodiverse campus environment leads to restorative effects for university students.
Multiple Regression and Beyond: An Introduction to Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling

Companion Website materials: https://tzkeith.com/ Multiple Regression and Beyond offers a conceptually-oriented introduction to multiple regression (MR) analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), along with analyses that flow naturally from those methods. By focusing on the concepts and purposes of MR and related methods, rather than the derivation and calculation of formulae, this book introduces material to students more clearly, and in a less threatening way. In addition to illuminating content necessary for coursework, the accessibility of this approach means students are more likely to be able to conduct research using MR or SEM--and more likely to use the methods wisely. This book:• Covers both MR and SEM, while explaining their relevance to one another• Includes path analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and latent growth modeling• Makes extensive use of real-world research examples in the chapters and in the end-of-chapter exercises• Extensive use of figures and tables providing examples and illustrating key concepts and techniques New to this edition:• New chapter on mediation, moderation, and common cause• New chapter on the analysis of interactions with latent variables and multilevel SEM• Expanded coverage of advanced SEM techniques in chapters 18 through 22• International case studies and examples• Updated instructor and student online resources
SU-E-T-63: A Preliminary Study of Gold Nanoparticles Enhanced Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Purpose: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have potential of being used as a new-generation contrast agent to enhance CT imaging of cancer. This feasibility study is to determine the GNP concentration required to provide sufficient image contrast in small animal cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging. Methods: The GNPs used are nanorods with 10nm diameter and 44nm length. A 50µl GNP colloid with an original GNP concentration of 3.6mg/ml was diluted to five different concentrations at 2.4, 2.1, 2.0, 1.9 and 1.8mg/ml, respectively. The GNP colloid was enclosed in a 150µl vial, and the GNP colloid vial was submerged in a water bottle for CBCT. CBCTs were acquired with x-ray energy of 65kVp and tube current of 1.5mA. In addition, to evaluate the optimal x-ray energy for GNP detection in CBCT, the GNP colloid of 1.8mg/ml was also imaged at x-ray energy of 45kVp and 85kVp. Regions of interest were placed in axial CBCT slices contouring the GNP colloid volume and a same volume in the surrounding water to calculate the signal and contrast. Results: For the GNP colloid at concentrations of 3.6, 2.4, 2.1, 2.0, 1.9 and 1.8mg/ml, the image contrasts between GNP colloid and water were 68±4, 33±4, 23±3, 20±3, 13±4, and 10±3 HU, respectively. At 1.8mg/ml concentration level, the image contrasts were 16±3 and 7±4 HU, respectively, when the x-ray energy was set at 45kVp and 85kVp. Conclusion: The minimal GNP concentration required on our small animal CBCT was estimated to be around 1.8mg/ml due to the fact that the minimum image contrast for adequate differentiation in CT is about 8 HU. CBCT at lower x-ray energy, i.e. 45kVp, can provide better image contrast than at higher energies, i.e., 65kVp and 85kVp. A study of GNP enhanced CBCT for in vivo small animal imaging is ongoing efforts in our group.
Starlite economics: requirements and methods

Methods for the projection of future fusion costs are summarized in the context of the ongoing U.S. Starlite tokamak demonstration (Demo) power plant study. Particular emphasis is made on the distinctions between projected Demo and commercial costs and the impacts of economic issues on the conceptual design of the Starlite Demo and the prospects for future fusion competitiveness.
Fabrication of a Fully Integrated Passive Module for Filter Application Using MCM-D Compatible Processes

Integral passive is an emerging technology which is currently perceived as a possible alternative to the discrete passive technology in fulfilling the next generation packaging needs. Although discrete surface mount passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors) have been well characterized, the development of integral passive components suitable for co-integration on the board level is relatively recent. Since in some applications the number of passive components can exceed the number and the area of IC chips on a circuit board or in a package, such integration of passive components would be necessary to substantially eliminate part count and reduce device area. To address these issues, integration technology for passive elements in the same manner as for transistors is necessary. In addition, the fabrication sequence of all integral passive components should be mutually compatible for co-integration on the same substrate. In this paper, materials and fabrication issues for passive elements such as resistors (R), capacitors (C), and inductors (L) and the feasibility of integration of these fabricated passive components on glass substrates have been addressed. An active filter circuit has been selected for a case study for R, L, and C co-integration. This passive module contains eleven resistors, four capacitors, and four inductors, and is fabricated using MCM-D (multichip module-deposited) compatible processes. A variety of materials appropriate for fabrication of integral passives in a mutually compatible fashion were investigated, including chromium and nickel-chromium resistors, composites of high dielectric constant materials in epoxies for capacitor dielectrics, and composites of magnetic ferrite particles in polyimides for inductor core and shielding. The fabricated devices showed good agreement between the design values and the corresponding measured values. It is anticipated that some of these materials and fabrication processes can be implemented for the MCM-L (multichip module-laminate) compatible packaging. © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Chapter 2 Markov processes

Publisher Summary The chapter presents the ways in which Markov processes are related to other types of stochastic processes. It covers the main features of discrete Markov chains and continuous-time Markov chains. The major difference between Markov random fields and Markov chains is that the local characteristics do not always determine the probability law of a Markov random field. In general, there exists a convex set of probabilities with a prescribed set of local characteristics, extreme points of which are interpreted as “pure states,” while other elements, as mixtures of pure states, exhibit phase transitions. This can happen only if the graph has infinitely many vertices and then, in a given model, whether phase transitions exist depends on the temperature: Only if the temperature falls below a critical value is there a phase transition. An alternative manifestation is that at low temperature the system exhibits long-range order: Correlations among states at different sites do not decrease to zero as the spatial separation increases to infinity. Thus the Ising model, at low temperature and in the absence of an external magnetic field, admits two pure phases and long-range order, the latter with the physical interpretation of spontaneous magnetization.
Case-Based Knowledge and Ethics Education: Improving Learning and Transfer Through Emotionally Rich Cases

Case-based instruction is a stable feature of ethics education, however, little is known about the attributes of the cases that make them effective. Emotions are an inherent part of ethical decision-making and one source of information actively stored in case-based knowledge, making them an attribute of cases that likely facilitates case-based learning. Emotions also make cases more realistic, an essential component for effective case-based instruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of emotional case content, and complementary socio-relational case content, on case-based knowledge acquisition and transfer on future ethical decision-making tasks. Study findings suggest that emotional case content stimulates retention of cases and facilitates transfer of ethical decision-making principles demonstrated in cases.
The reading habits of medicine clerks at one medical school: frequency, usefulness, and difficulties.

Purpose To describe the reading habits of medicine clerks, which previously have not been well described. Understanding issues related to student reading habits may provide insights and opportunities for medical educators to develop methods to improve clerks' clinical clerkship experiences and their information literacy skills. Method The authors administered an 18-item survey tool to 120 students on their first inpatient internal medicine clerkships at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 2002–03. The questionnaire focused on issues related to what and how often they read during their basic medicine clerkship. Data were explored mainly with descriptive statistics. Results One hundred twelve of 120 (93%) medicine clerks completed the survey. Clerks reported reading for an average of 10.8 (SD 5.6) hours per week (median ten hours per week, range one to 30 hours per week). The most commonly used and useful reading sources were UpToDate® and test preparation textbooks. Approximately 30% of students reported substantial problems in reading about their patients. Limited data suggest that reading habits and learning methods vary by year of medical school. Clerks are given disparate advice on appropriate reading sources to consult by attending physicians, resident physicians, and fellow students. Conclusions Students spend significant amounts of time reading online sources during their medicine clerkship, especially UpToDate. Medical educators should become familiar with these sources and contribute to maximizing their effectiveness for students. Additional research focused on understanding how students build skills in information literacy and how educational programs can facilitate the development of those skills is needed.
Conjoined spinal cords in pygopagus twins.

global problem of diarrhoeal disease: a ten-year update. Bull World Health Organ 1992; 70: 705–14. 26 MacArthur J, Williams H, Bloland P. Malaria control in complex humanitarian emergencies. Refuge 2000; 18: 4–11. 27 Toole MJ, Steketee RW, Waldman RJ, Nieburg P. Measles prevention and control in emergency settings. Bull World Health Organ 1989; 67: 381–88. 28 Salama P, Assefa F, Talley L, Spiegel P, van Der Veen A, Gotway CA. Malnutrition, measles, mortality, and the humanitarian response during a famine in Ethiopia. JAMA 2001; 286: 563–71. 29 Bartlett LA, Jamieson DJ, Kahn T, Sultana M, Wilson HG, Duerr A. Maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Pakistan, 1999–2000. Lancet 2002; 359: 643–49. ARTICLES
Pituitary Null Cell Adenoma in a Domestic Llama (Lama glama)

Pituitary gland neoplasia has been reported rarely in camelids. A 12-year-old neutered male llama (Lama glama) presented with lethargy, inappetence and neurological signs. On physical examination, the llama was mentally dull and exhibited compulsive pacing and circling to the left. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry revealed haemoconcentration, mild hypophosphataemia, hyperglycaemia, hypercreatininaemia and hyperalbuminaemia. Humane destruction was elected due to rapid clinical deterioration and poor prognosis. Post-mortem examination revealed a pituitary macroadenoma and bilateral internal hydrocephalus. Microscopically, the pituitary tumour was composed of neoplastic chromophobic pituitary cells. Ultrastructural studies revealed similar neoplastic cells to those previously described in human null cell adenomas. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were strongly immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin and chromogranin A), but did not exhibit immunoreactivity for epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal and all major pituitary hormone markers (adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone), consistent with the diagnosis of a pituitary null cell adenoma. This is the first report of pituitary neoplasia in a llama.
Exercise evaluation after repair of coarctation of the aorta

Abstract Exercise stress testing is essential in the management of children and adults who have had coarctation repair to (1) evaluate the hemodynamic success of repair; (2) provide objective information for individual recommendations of physical activity; and (3) determine if residual hypertension should be treated with medication or repaired by surgery or balloon angioplasty. Exercise testing is also important as a scientific tool to study the mechanisms responsible for the high incidence of resting and exercise-induced hypertension observed in these patients.
ON THE NATURE OF MAGNETIC SHADOWS IN THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE

Recent multi-instrument spacecraft studies of the solar photosphere and chromosphere have uncovered a feature—a "magnetic shadow"—not previously discussed in the literature. A region of the midchromosphere neighboring, but not within, a network magnetic element exhibits a suppression of both the mean UV line/continuum intensity and the characteristic 3 minute oscillation that is clearly observed elsewhere in apparently similar internetwork regions. The clearest cases appear to occur rarely, and their properties stand in obvious contrast to the well-known "aureoles" of enhanced variability seen surrounding some plage regions. It is imperative to understand more clearly the nature of the shadow region, not least because the suppressed atmospheric heating within it has implications for heating processes elsewhere in the chromosphere that are dependent on, or at least related to, the 3 minute oscillation. Based on the measured photospheric magnetic field, its upward extrapolation, and the appearance of spectral features formed above the midchromosphere, we suggest that a shadow occurs when magnetic structures, in a relatively weak background field, "close" locally within the chromosphere, suppressing the upward propagation of magnetoatmospheric waves into the chromosphere.
Implicit theories of intelligence and self-perceptions of academically talented adolescents and children.

Beliefs about intelligence can vary from the view that it is stable to the view that it is unstable. Third through eleventh grade academically talented students (n =153) rated their beliefs on the stability of intelligence using a 6-point Likert scale. They also rated themselves on similar scales for how “smart” and “hardworking” they thought they were, and how much they “liked hard tasks.” Students' views of the stability of intelligence paralleled a normal distribution, with almost one-half having borderline views that can be easily modified to match environmental demands. Approximately 9% of these talented students were at risk for underachievement based on their self-perceptions of relatively low ability and the belief that intelligence is stable. High school students believed intelligence was more stable than elementary students and females described themselves as being harder workers than males. Findings may account for the differing academic experiences and performance of academically talented students over time.
Aleksandr Prokhorov--lasers and masers.

The 1964 Nobel Prize in physics was shared by 3 physicists: Russians Aleksandr Mik hail ovich Prokhorov (1916-2002) and Nikolay G. Basov (1922-2001) and American Charles H. Townes (1915) for fundamental research in quantum electronics that led to the development of the maser and laser. Specifically, Basov and Prokhorov performed the basic research that led to the invention of laser and maser devices, which was accomplished independently by Townes and others. Maser stands for microwave amplication by stimulated emission of radiation; a laser is an optical maser. These devices collect energy waves, amplify them hundreds of times, and produce a beam of almost perfectly parallel waves with little or no interference or static. The principles of the laser and maser have been applied to many fields, including medicine. Prokhorov was born of Russian parents on July 11, 1916, in Atherton in northeastern Queensland, Australia. His father had fled Russia in 1911 after escaping from exile in Siberia. After the Russian Revolution (1917), the family returned to the Soviet Union in 1923. Prokhorov studied physics at Leningrad State University, graduating with the baccalaureate degree in 1939. He then became a graduate student at the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow. However, his studies were interrupted by World War II (1939-1945). He served in the Russian Army from 1941 to 1944. After the war, he returned to school and received his doctorate in 1946 from the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow. After receiving his doctorate, Prokhorov became a senior associate at the Institute. Here, he and Basov, who was Prokhorov’s student, jointly suggested the maser principle of amplifying and emitting parallel electromagnetic waves that are all in phase and all on the same wavelength. About the same time, Townes, at Columbia University in New York City, was independently working out the principle of the maser. Townes was the first to actually build such a device (1954). In 1954, Prokhorov became director of the Oscillation Laboratory at the P. N. Lebedev Institute, and later, he was appointed professor of physics at the M. V. Lomonosov State University in Moscow. Beginning in the mid-1950s, Prokhorov concentrated on the development of masers and lasers and on the search for crystals with suitable spectral and relaxation properties. His detailed studies of ruby (one of the most useful crystals for lasers) led to its widespread use at microwave and optical wavelengths. Prokhorov also created paramagnetic masers and proposed the concepts of open resonators and gas dynamic lasers, and he further investigated the resonance and nonresonance interactions of laser radiation with matter. Prokhorov wrote a number of fundamental articles on the construction of infrared and visible light lasers and on nonlinear optics. Prokhorov died of pneumonia in Moscow in 2002. Prokhorov was honored on a stamp (Scott No. 2218j) issued by the island of St Vincent in 1995.
Size of the Rabbit Mammary Gland with Successive Lactations

Summary It was thought that the rabbit might illustrate the influence of mammary gland development in dairy cows as a cause of the increase in milk production with succeeding pregnancies. This increased production is greater than can be accounted for by the increase in body weight. The lateral extension of the mammary glands in succeeding lactations was compared in rabbits with lines tattooed in the skin at the lateral extent of the mammary glands early in the first lactation. In eleven succeeding lactations only one case was found in which the mammary glands on one side extended past the tattoo line. The lateral extent of the glands did not increase in the other cases.
Review of irrigation system performance with respect to initial objectives

This paper presents the results of assessment studies of the performance of gravity irrigation projects, in six countries in different climate and social environments, with respect to their original objectives in terms of water availability, water use efficiencies, equity of water distribution, cropping intensity and crop yields, and project economic rates of return.
Photodisintegration of deuteron at low energies: Isolation of electric and magnetic contributions

It is proposed that measurements on the angular distribution and polarization of the outgoing nucleons in photodisintegration of the deuteron with low-energy linearly polarized gamma rays provide a unique opportunity to isolate the electric and magnetic dipole contributions.
Changes in Hypophysial and Plasma LH Levels During the Laying Cycle of the Hen

Plasma and pituitary glands were obtained from 80 laying hens at various times in the cycle leading to ovulation of the third follicle of clutch sequence. The OAAD method was found adequate to measure LH in peripheral blood and in adenohypophyses of chickens. Three significant LH peaks were detected in the plasma. Two occur 13 and 8 hr prior to ovulation and are thought to be essential for ovulation. Both were previously reported to occur at the stated times in trials using hypophysectomy, hypothalamic lesions, and injection of a neurogenic blocking agent (Dibenamine). The first of the 3 peaks occurs 21 hr prior to ovulation. Its relation to ovulation is unknown, but it occurs immediately after the ovum passes from the oviduct into the uterus. Significant peaks in hypophysial LH concentration occur 21 and 11 hr prior to ovulation. The latter peak precedes the plasma peak by 1 hr. Hypophysial and plasma LH contents are significantly correlated through the 20-hr period. The striking resemblance between the ...
Number Theoretic Processors, Optical And Electronic

An inner product processor is presented which is capable of performing 3.3 million inner products a second, where each vector consists of 100 elements each 20 bits wide. This is equivalent to more than 660 million 40 bit arithmetic operations a second. The latency of a particular calculation is 12.3 microseconds. The processor can be constructed entirely from 1024 by 6 bit ROMs with 300 ns cycle times and latchable inputs or outputs. Modular arithmetic is used internally; the input and output are binary. The specifications of the architecture are compatible with the stricter structural requirements needed by an optical implementation.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Challenges in Understanding the Atmosphere

(2000). Challenges in Understanding the Atmosphere. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 95, No. 451, pp. 972-975.
1189 MECHANICAL OVER VENTILATION (MOV) AS A FACTOR IN PULMONARY AIR LEAK (PAL)

36 infants treated from Oct. 76 to Dec. 77 with pressure limited ventilation for respiratory failure in HMD had a 25% incidence of pulmonary air leak (PAL). Mortality was 80% with PAL, 20% without. PAL occurred at <48 hrs. in 8/9. PAL was common in patients who had sustained PaCO2 < 40 mm Hg (mechanical over ventilation - MOV) and whose FiO2 and breaths per minute were lowered rather than peak airway pressure, as PaO2 improved. 5/6 of the infants with early ventilation who died without MOV were severely asphyxiated at 1 min (Apgar ≤ 3) compared with 1/5 of the infants who died with MOV. Deaths in Non-MOV infants may be associated with adverse perinatal factors predisposing the lung to injury.
On generalized dynamical systems defined by contingent equations.

General dynamical system defined by contingent equation giving existence and uniqueness theorems
Sex-Role Identification and Violent Victimization: Gender Differences in the Role of Masculinity

Although sex-role identification has been found to be associated with crime and delinquency, the link between sex-role identification and violent victimization has remained largely unexplored. Using the Add Health data, this study examines sex-role identification and its relationship to violent victimization. The findings suggest that masculinity increases the risk of violent victimization for males, but does not for females. Other differences in risk factors across gender were also found. These findings indicate that masculinity is an important construct in understanding the complexity of why some persons are violently victimized and others are not.
Genome-wide sequence-based prediction of peripheral proteins using a novel semi-supervised learning technique

In supervised learning, traditional approaches to building a classifier use two sets of examples with pre-defined classes along with a learning algorithm. The main limitation of this approach is that examples from both classes are required which might be infeasible in certain cases, especially those dealing with biological data. Such is the case for membrane-binding peripheral domains that play important roles in many biological processes, including cell signaling and membrane trafficking by reversibly binding to membranes. For these domains, a well-defined positive set is available with domains known to bind membrane along with a large unlabeled set of domains whose membrane binding affinities have not been measured. The aforementioned limitation can be addressed by a special class of semi-supervised machine learning called positive-unlabeled (PU) learning that uses a positive set with a large unlabeled set. In this study, we implement the first application of PU-learning to a protein function prediction problem: identification of peripheral domains. PU-learning starts by identifying reliable negative (RN) examples iteratively from the unlabeled set until convergence and builds a classifier using the positive and the final RN set. A data set of 232 positive cases and ~3750 unlabeled ones were used to construct and validate the protocol. Holdout evaluation of the protocol on a left-out positive set showed that the accuracy of prediction reached up to 95% during two independent implementations. These results suggest that our protocol can be used for predicting membrane-binding properties of a wide variety of modular domains. Protocols like the one presented here become particularly useful in the case of availability of information from one class only.
Role of Sex Hormones in the Development of Osteoarthritis

Women older than 50 years have a considerably higher prevalence of osteoarthritis than men of the same age group. Although several factors have been proposed, there is some evidence that sex hormones influence the development of osteoarthritis. This article will focus on the basic science and clinical evidence that describe the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between sex hormones and the development of osteoarthritis.
TaN-based EUV mask absorber etch study

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is one of the leading candidates for the next generation lithography. As the requirement on critical dimension (CD) and side wall profile control becomes ever stringent as minimum feature sizes keep shrinking following the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) roadmap, the patterning of the EUV mask absorber material, cost of ownership (COO) of mask, and the capability for defect free EUV masks become the crucial path in enabling the overall success of EUV lithography. The purpose of this study is to understand the etch characteristics in TaN-based EUV mask absorber etch, which will enable us to determine robust process condition in terms of CD performance and profile control. In this paper, CD bias performance in TaN-based EUV mask absorber etching is investigated within inductively coupled plasma (ICP) of fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing gas chemistries. The effects of etch parameters, such as plasma source power, bias power, and pressure, on the CD bias are evaluated through design of experiments (DOE). Some other etching characteristics like etch rate and selectivity are also correlated to the CD performance and etch profile to understand the basic etch mechanism in TaN etch. Latest etch results of the TaN-based absorber are also presented.
The Gambia's foreign policy since the coup, 1994–99

Since gaining political independence in 1965, The Gambia's foreign policy was driven by two inter‐related objectives. The first was the desire to maintain territorial sovereignty, and the second had to do with attracting external economic resources. A pro‐Western foreign policy under Jawara (1965–94), enabled his regime to extract considerable financial assistance from the West. With Western‐imposed sanctions following the 1994 coup, The Gambia's foreign policy became remarkably assertive and succeeded in attracting needed funds from alternative Western sources abroad, but not enough to overcome The Gambia's current economic downturn. Jammeh's commitment to human rights and democratic principles will be the basis upon which Western aid and support will be fully resumed and continued.
Creating a RFID data integration framework for enterprise information systems

High volume, high speed, and heterogeneous inbound and outbound data format are characteristics of RFID-based automatic identification data capture infrastructure. Due to these characteristics, integrating and utilising RFID data in enterprise information systems is challenging. A 'store and forward' and rule-based subscription integration methodology is proposed in this paper. Application Level Event (ALE) integration is analysed and compared with the proposed approach. We conclude that the proposed approach is an effective way to process RFID data in a heterogeneous enterprise application environment. Technical limitations of the proposed approach are presented and analysed.
Characterization of protein F1 (47 kDa, 4.5 pI): A kinase C substrate directly related to neural plasticity

We recently demonstrated that long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal formation leads to a selective increase in the phosphorylation of a 47-kDa protein band (F1). The present report provided evidence, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, that only one major phosphoprotein in rat is found at 47 kDa under conditions identical to those used in that earlier study. This protein, which we also term F1, has an isoelectric point of 4.5 and is increased in phosphorylation after long-term potentiation. In addition to this identification, we demonstrated in two-dimensional gels that protein F1 is a membrane-enriched kinase C substrate whose phosphorylation is stimulated by Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. Protein F1 may be equivalent to several reported proteins: a brain-specific, synaptically enriched protein (B-50), a major membrane-bound growth cone protein (pp46), and a fast axonally transported "growth-associated protein" (GAP43; 44- to 49-kDa goldfish optic nerve protein). Protein F1 participation in neural plasticity may thus involve growth occurring at synaptic loci.
A one dimensional band calculation of a linear, square planar platinum complex

Abstract A simple model for the one-dimensional energy band structure of the mixed valency planar (MVP) platinum compounds is presented. The band structure was computed with a multiple scattering technique using a potential determined by a self-consistent calculation of the unit cell.
State Administrative Reorganization.

Writing in 1919, Mr. W. F. Willoughby declared that "at the present time few reforms of government in the United States are more urgent than that of the reorganization of the administrative services of our state governments, so as to put them upon the integrated or departmental basis."' This need for state administrative reorganization is now generally recognized, not only by political scientists and students of administration, but also by public officials and practical administrators. This is indicated by the large number of governors who, in public messages, have urged upon their legislatures the adoption of measures of administrative reform; by the investigations and reports of efficiency and economy commissions or similar bodies created in many states; and by the laws actually passed providing for administrative reorganization in Illinois, Idaho, Nebraska, Ohio, Washington, Massachusetts, and other states. A movement of this character naturally follows the line of least resistance, and consequently the changes in administrative organization heretofore made have been through statutory enactment rather than through constitutional revision. Inasmuch as, in most states, a faulty organization of the administration is stereotyped in the constitution, thoroughgoing reorganization by mere statutory enactment is practically impossible. The constitutional difficulties which impede the movement for administrative reorganization should warn us against the insertion in the organic law of detailed administrative provisions. The introduction of the short ballot and the equalization of the terms of office of the governor and other state officers are reforms which
A set of regioselective O-methyltransferases gives rise to the complex pattern of methoxylated flavones in sweet basil

Polymethoxylated flavonoids occur in a number of plant families, including the Lamiaceae. To date, the metabolic pathways giving rise to the diversity of these compounds have not been studied. Analysis of our expressed sequence tag database for four sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) lines afforded identification of candidate flavonoid O-methyltransferase genes. Recombinant proteins displayed distinct substrate preferences and product specificities that can account for all detected 7-/6-/4′-methylated, 8-unsubstituted flavones. Their biochemical specialization revealed only certain metabolic routes to be highly favorable and therefore likely in vivo. Flavonoid O-methyltransferases catalyzing 4′- and 6-O-methylations shared high identity (approximately 90%), indicating that subtle sequence changes led to functional differentiation. Structure homology modeling suggested the involvement of several amino acid residues in defining the proteins’ stringent regioselectivities. The roles of these individual residues were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis, revealing two discrete mechanisms as a basis for the switch between 6- and 4′-O-methylation of two different substrates. These findings delineate major pathways in a large segment of the flavone metabolic network and provide a foundation for its further elucidation.
Review of life-history lighting programs for commercial laying fowls

This review discusses lighting programs used during the growing period and laying cycle to aid in the selection and/or design of life-history lighting programs for commercial application. As lighti...
Multi-Wavelength Interferometric Testing

We have built a modified Twyman-Green interferometer illuminated with a krypton laser. The configuration allows for center of curvature or autocollimation testing at various selected wavelengths. Software data reduction uses a Zernike polynomial fit to the wavefront. The interferograms are all made without moving the source, so the effects of axial color, lateral color, and chromatic variation of aberrations will exhibit themselves in a straightforward fashion in terms of the coefficients of the Zernike polynomials. Also, a scheme for using this information in the calculation of a polychromatic optical transfer function (OTF) has been developed. Requirements for the interferometer's optics are examined, and interferometer calibration discussed.
ConclusionsResults of an Evaluation of High School and University Biology Instruction (1960–1966)

3) The curricula of the newer University introductory courses in biology are oriented more toward the subject matter (+6%) and less toward the learner (-6%) than were the curricula of the traditional University introductory courses in zoology, with no change in emphasis upon the society.4 4) The approach or method of instruction which is used in the curricula of the newer University introductory courses in biology is very slightly more inductive (+1%) and very slightly less deductive (--1%) than was the curricula of the traditional University introductory courses in zoology."4 5) The subject matter orientation of the curricula of the newer University introductory courses in biology is directed less at zoology (-52%) and more toward biology (+30%), botany (+18%), and bacteriology (+4%) than that of the curricula of the traditional University introductory courses in zoology.4
Augmentation of Sheep Pituitary Gonadotropin by Insoluble Metallic Hydroxides.

SummaryAluminum, iron and zinc hydroxides were shown to be effective in increasing the effectiveness of sheep pituitary gonadotrophin while magnesium hydroxide was less effective. The effect of these hydroxides is explained on the basis of adsorption of the hormone by the hydroxide with slow release of the active substance from the site of injection.
Design for forming and other near net shape manufacturing processes

Summary In manufacturing discrete parts by forming or other near net shape manufacturing processes the part design must be compatible with the process in order to assure producibility at low cost, for high quality, and at short lead time. This paper reviews the latest research efforts in and available tools for computer aided design of parts by forming. Part design for other processes, such as injection molding and die casting, that use dies and molds for manufacturing discrete parts are also briefly discussed
Physiological constraints on the formal representation of neurons

Abstract In this paper we examine models of neural coding in the central nervous system at both the cellular and multi-cellular level. The proliferation of neural network models proposed for modeling cognitive and mnemonic capabilities of brains or brain regions suggests the need for neurobiologists to directly test these models. In this paper, we examine assumptions in light of physiological and anatomical constraints of real neurons. We advocate the interaction of neurobiology and modeling efforts to cause these models to evolve.
Suggested calculations using transition density matrices

It is suggested that certain transition density matrices, N-representable in a limit, be used in a variational calculation. It is noted that such trial matrices should yield reasonable values for the ground state energies of small atoms or molecules provided a set of overlap integrals is maximised.
Multiple Perspectives on Multiplicity

(1998). Multiple Perspectives on Multiplicity. Psychoanalytic Dialogues: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 195-206.
Neogene history of the calcite compensation depth and lysocline in the South Pacific Ocean

The depth–time pattern of calcite accumulation recorded at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites beneath the oligotrophic subtropical gyre in the south-east Pacific Ocean allows us to define here both the calcite compensation depth (CCD) and the lysocline. The Neogene CCD history is one of shoaling before 15 or 20 Myr and subsequent deepening to the present level of 4,100 m. A broad zone of increased calcite dissolution, 600 m thick, formed during early to middle Miocene time and has remained. This zone, the lysocline, denotes an important change in ocean chemistry and may reflect either an increase in the volume of more corrosive deep water beginning about 18 Myr and reaching steady state by 14 Myr, the time of rapid ice build-up in Antarctica, or an increase in calcite rain rate caused by an increase in surface-water productivity.
Phosphorylation of the Linker Histone H1 by CDK Regulates Its Binding to HP1α

Summary Two key components of mammalian heterochromatin that play a structural role in higher order chromatin organization are the heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) and the linker histone H1. Here, we show that these proteins interact in vivo and in vitro through their hinge and C-terminal domains, respectively. The phosphorylation of H1 by CDK2, which is required for efficient cell cycle progression, disrupts this interaction. We propose that phosphorylation of H1 provides a signal for the disassembly of higher order chromatin structures during interphase, independent of histone H3-lysine 9 (H3-K9) methylation, by reducing the affinity of HP1α for heterochromatin.
Infinite-dimensional filtering: The Kalman\3-Bucy filter in Hilbert space*

We examine the question of determining the "best" linear filter, in an expected squared error sense, for a signal generated by stochastic linear differential equation on a Hilbert space. Our results, which extend the development in Kalman and Bucy (1960), rely heavily on the integration theory for Banach-space-valued functions of Dunford and Schwartz (1958). In order to derive the Kalman-Bucy filter, we also need to define and discuss such concepts as stochastic process, covariance, orthogonal increments, Wiener process, and stochastic integral in a Hilbert space context. We do this making extensive use of the ideas in Doob (1953). The two crucial points in our treatment are (1) our definition of the covariance as a bounded linear transformation, and (2) our use of a Fubini4ype theorem involving the interchange of stochastic and Lebesgue integration. As a byproduct, we also obtain a fully rigorous theory for the finite-dimensional case which does not rely on Ito's Lemma (cf. Kushner, 1964). This is of some independent interest. The remainder of the paper is divided into the following sections: 2. Preliminaries; 3. Wiener Processes; 4. Stochastic Integration; 5. An Existence Theorem; 6. The Wiener-Hopf Equation; 7. The Optimal Filter; 8. Concluding Remarks. We introduce some basic preliminary notions, the mos~ important of which is the eovariance of two Hilbert-space-valued random variables, in Section 2. Then, we discuss Wiener processes and construct an infinite-
Galanin inhibits insulin and corticosterone release after injection into the PVN

Abstract The neuropeptide galanin (GAL, 1 μg/0.3 μl) was injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) at two different times of the 12:12 h light/dark cycle, namely 2 h before the dark (‘pre-dark’) and before the light (‘pre-light’) periods. Blood samples were collected 15 min after injection and examined for serum levels of insulin (INS), corticosterone (CORT) and glucose (GLUC). Results indicate that PVN GAL injection in the pre-dark period strongly inhibits both CORT and INS release but has no effect on GLUC levels. These hormone changes, however, were not detected in the blood samples collected in the pre-light period. At this time, baseline levels of CORT were significantly lower than in the pre-dark period, while INS and GLUC levels were generally similar at both time periods. These results indicate that the effects of PVN GAL on CORT and INS secretion are inhibitory in nature and are temporally linked to the diurnal cycle.
H2O(+) production rates of Comets Austin 1990 V and P/Halley 1986 III

High-spectral-resolution scans of H2O(+) emissions from Austin 1990 V were obtained. A simple model of the ion distribution in the FOV is used to determine a lower limit phi(H2O+) to the H2O(+) ion flux away from the nucleus for each night of observations. A similar analysis is applied to previous observations of H2O(+) emissions from Comet P/Halley 1986 III. It is found that the mean ratio is phi(H2O+)/Q(H2O) is 1.2 x exp -3 for Halley (solar minimum) and 2.6 x 10 exp -3 for Austin (solar maximum).
Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Hematopoietic Progenitor Niche Cell Production and Differentiation in the Drosophila Lymph Gland

Hematopoiesis occurs in two phases in Drosophila, with the first completed during embryogenesis and the second accomplished during larval development. The lymph gland serves as the venue for the final hematopoietic program, with this larval tissue well-studied as to its cellular organization and genetic regulation. While the medullary zone contains stem-like hematopoietic progenitors, the posterior signaling center (PSC) functions as a niche microenvironment essential for controlling the decision between progenitor maintenance versus cellular differentiation. In this report, we utilize a PSC-specific GAL4 driver and UAS-gene RNAi strains, to selectively knockdown individual gene functions in PSC cells. We assessed the effect of abrogating the function of 820 genes as to their requirement for niche cell production and differentiation. 100 genes were shown to be essential for normal niche development, with various loci placed into sub-groups based on the functions of their encoded protein products and known genetic interactions. For members of three of these groups, we characterized loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes. Gene function knockdown of members of the BAP chromatin-remodeling complex resulted in niche cells that do not express the hedgehog (hh) gene and fail to differentiate filopodia believed important for Hh signaling from the niche to progenitors. Abrogating gene function of various members of the insulin-like growth factor and TOR signaling pathways resulted in anomalous PSC cell production, leading to a defective niche organization. Further analysis of the Pten, TSC1, and TSC2 tumor suppressor genes demonstrated their loss-of-function condition resulted in severely altered blood cell homeostasis, including the abundant production of lamellocytes, specialized hemocytes involved in innate immune responses. Together, this cell-specific RNAi knockdown survey and mutant phenotype analyses identified multiple genes and their regulatory networks required for the normal organization and function of the hematopoietic progenitor niche within the lymph gland.
Multiperiod effects of corporate social responsibility on supply chain networks, transaction costs, emissions, and risk

Abstract This paper develops a framework for the analysis of the optimal levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in a multiperiod supply chain network consisting of manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. Manufacturers and retailers determine their production quantities, transaction quantities, and the amount of social responsibility activities they want to pursue that maximize net return, minimize emission, and minimize risk over the planning horizon. We investigate the interplay of the heterogeneous decision-makers and compute the equilibrium pattern of product outputs, transactions, prices, and levels of social responsibility activities. The paper provides insights concerning the optimal allocation of resources to CSR activities when considering a multiperiod time frame.