cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A secreted protein tyrosine phosphatase with modular effector domains in the bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurlum

Summary A number of bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to subvert host-cell signal-transduction pathways for their own benefit. These bacteria produce and export proteins capable of specific interactions with key mammalian cell regulatory molecules in order to derail the normal functions of the cells. In this study, we describe the identification of a modular effector protein secreted by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium that is required for its full display of virulence. Sequence analysis revealed that a carboxy-terminal region of this protein, which we have termed SptP, is homologous to the catalytic domains of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Purified SptP protein efficiently dephosphorylated peptide substrates phosphorylated on tyrosine. An engineered mutant of SptP in which a critical Cys residue in the catalytic domain was changed to Ser was devoid of phosphatase activity, indicating a catalytic mechanism similar to that of other tyrosine phosphatases. In addition, an amino-terminal region of SptP exhibited sequence similarity to the ribosyltransferase exo-enzyme S from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the cytotoxin YopE from Yersinia spp. The modular nature of this effector protein may allow multiple interactions with host-cell signalling functions.
Death from Inappropriate Therapy for Lyme Disease

A 30-year-old woman died as a result of a large Candida parapsilosis septic thrombus located on the tip of a Groshong catheter. The catheter had been in place for 28 months for administration of a 27 month course of intravenous cefotaxime for an unsubstantiated diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease.
Effect of barrier thickness on strain balanced InAs/GaAs QD solar cells

The effect of the thickness of the barrier layers between quantum dots (QD) in a vertically stacked QD array has been studied using both simulation and experimental techniques. Silvaco ATLAS is used to model how QW barrier thickness affects the onset of confined electron wavefunction overlap. This indicates that barrier thicknesses of less than 8 nm provide miniband formation between wells. P-i-n devices with a strain balanced QD/barrier superlattice embedded i-region were grown epitaxially with varying barrier thicknesses. Electroluminescence measurements were performed on the samples and the energy levels were determined. An overall redshift was observed as the barrier thickness between QD layers was decreased. This correlates well with the current understanding and recent modeling of these systems.
Trichostatin A and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine switch S1P from an inhibitor to a stimulator of motility through epigenetic regulation of S1P receptors

Abstract The histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (Aza-dC), induced epigenetic regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors in human melanoma cells, switching S1P from motility inhibitor to stimulator. Quantitative PCR revealed increased expression of S1P 1 and S1P 3 , associated with S1P-induced chemotaxis, and decreased expression of S1P 2 , associated with motility inhibition. Expression of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors was less affected. The TSA effect was reversible suggesting no mutational change, and Aza-dC treatment resulted in demethylation of a putative S1P 1 promoter. S1P receptors, therefore, appear to be susceptible to epigenetic regulation, accompanied by altered cellular functionality.
The Macroeconomic thought of Sir William Petty

Sir William Petty (1623–1687) is generally known to historians of economic thought as an early contributor to classical political economy. In fact, Karl Marx claimed—rightly, I believe—that Petty was the founder of that school of thought (Marx 1867, p. 81). Frank Amati and Tony Aspromourgos echo the sentiment that Petty, and not Adam Smith, was “the founder of classical political economy, that school which had its culmination in the Ricardian economic theory” (Amati and Aspromourgos 1985, p. 127). Aspromourgos has also observed that Petty wrote A Treatise of Taxes and Contributions, as well as other works, in order to provide “an answer to the questions of how to maximize total employment and surplus labour, and how to best utilize surplus labour” (Aspromourgos 1996, p. 16, emphasis added).
Target estimation using compressive sensing for distributed MIMO radar

Distributed Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar systems enable viewing the targets from different angles, thereby providing spatial diversity gain. In this paper, we propose an approach to accurately estimate the parameters (position, velocity) of multiple targets using such systems from fewer number of samples by employing compressive sensing. We also introduce a new metric to analyze the performance of the radar system. We show the improvement in performance over conventional Single Input Single Output (SISO) radar systems due to the spatial diversity offered by MIMO radar. We also demonstrate that the sampling rates can be significantly reduced by using compressive sensing at the receivers.
Sufficient conditions for Stackelberg and Nash strategies with memory

Sufficiency conditions for Stackelberg strategies for a class of deterministic differential games are derived when the players have recall of the previous trajectory. Sufficient conditions for Nash strategies when the players have recall of the trajectory are also derived. The state equation is linear, and the cost functional is quadratic. The admissible strategies are restricted to be affine in the information available.
Effect of neuropeptide Y on hemodynamics of the rabbit lung.

Lang, Sally A., and Michael B. Maron. Effect of neuropeptide Y on hemodynamics of the rabbit lung. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 618–623, 1998.—We evaluated the effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the hemodynamics of the isolated rabbit lung perfused at constant flow and outflow pressure. Doses of 10−8 and 10− 7 M NPY increased pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) from 11.5 ± 1.0 (SE) mmHg to, respectively, 16.4 ± 1.5 and 26.0 ± 3.8 mmHg ( P < 0.05, n = 5 mmHg lungs), with 78 ± 4% of the increase at 10−7 M resulting from an increased arterial resistance. At the latter dose, pulmonary capillary pressure increased from 5.8 ± 0.9 to 9.4 ± 1.0 mmHg ( P < 0.05). When administered in the presence of norepinephrine, 10−8 and 10−7 M NPY ( n = 6) produced extreme increases in Ppa to 66.1 ± 20.5 and 114.7 ± 25.5 mmHg, respectively, that were due primarily to an increased arterial resistance. To determine the significance of circulating NPY as a pulmonary vasoactive agent, we measured plasma NPY-like immunoreactivity in anesthetized rabbits after massively activating the sympathetic nervous system with veratrine. NPY-like immunoreactivity increased from 74 ± 10 to 111 ± 10 (SE) pM ( P < 0.05). Thus, although NPY is a potent vasoconstrictor in the rabbit lung, it is not likely that plasma NPY concentrations rise sufficiently, even after massive sympathetic nervous system activation, to produce pulmonary vasoconstriction in the intact rabbit.
New Oral Drugs for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Macitentan, Riociguat, and Treprostinil

In 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 3 new oral drugs for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; World Health Organization [WHO] Group 1 pulmonary hypertensio...
The Foodservice Industry

Sales of food to eat away from home reached $210 billion in 1988, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates (USDA ERS, 1989). This equaled 45 percent of total food expenditures, up from 26 percent in 1960. About one-third of all meals and snacks are now eaten out. The increase in the foodservice market has been attributed to rising household income, increases in two-income and single-parent households, and demographic factors like the aging of the population. The kinds of foods consumed away from home and their source is changing. Supermarkets and convenience stores are entering the market by offering fast food and limited menu carry-out service, and occasionally customer service on premises.
The effects of mode of binding on clickable PSMA-targeted imaging agents

1539 Objectives PSMA (prostate specific membrane antigen) is an enzyme biomarker that is highly up-regulated and expressed in prostate tumor cells providing an ideal target for imaging and therapeutic applications for prostate cancer. Our first generation PSMA targeted molecule CTT-54 (IC50 = 14 nM) is an irreversible phosphoramidate inhibitor of PSMA and when labeled withh 18F or 99mTc demonstrated promising in vivo PET and SPECT imaging of prostate tumors in mice models. The SPECT agent also exhibited rapid internalization in PSMA positive cells, presumably through the PSMA enzyme-inhibitor complex. Our lab has previously shown that mode of binding for PSMA inhibitiros affects their rate and extent of internalization. The focus of this study was to determine how the mode of binding affects the uptake and clearance of clickable PSMA-targeted imaging agents in vitro and in vivo. Methods The in vitro percent uptake and internalization as well as the biodistribution in mice models were determined for both an irreversible and slowly reversible radiolabeled PSMA inhibitor. The PSMA inhibitors were radiolabeled through a DBCO pendant group with chelated 99mTc functionalized with an azide group. Results Initial in vitro studies demonstrated a significant difference in uptake between an irreversible (25%, 4h) and slowly reversible (9.2%, 4h) clickable PSMA-targeted SPECT imaging agent despite having similar IC50 values. Conclusions There was a significant effect upon the in vitro performance of an irreversible and slowly reversible clickable PSMA-targeted SPECT imaging agent due to the differences in mode of binding. Further comparison of clickable PSMA-targeted imaging agents is expected to elucidate the effects of mode of binding on in vitro and in vivo performance. Research Support Washington State Life Sciences Discovery Fund (08-012374880), National Institutes of Health (R01CA140617
THE ROLE OF CALCIUM IN AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT IN MAMMALIAN NERVE FIBERS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of calcium in axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerve fibers. It discusses a study to assess the effect of changes in the level of Ca2+ on transport rather than on processes related to synthesis. The L7 dorsal root ganglia of cats were routinely injected with 3H-leucine and allowed 2 h in vivo for the rapidly synthesized labeled proteins to move down into the fibers of the tibial and peroneal branches of the sciatic nerves. The nerves were then removed for desheating. The fibers of the L7 dorsal root ganglion supply the peroneal and tibial branches close to the ganglion. The results of this study suggest that Ca2+ is required to maintain axoplasmic transport and that a fast transported CaBP is present in nerve. This finding is in accord with the transport filament hypothesis, and an interesting possibility is that the CaBP may be all or part of the transport filament. By locally regulating Ca, it could modulate Ca2+–Mg ATPase activity and the utilization of ATP, thus acting integrally as a part of the movement process itself.
Obtaining Reliable Measurements of Knee Extensor Torque Produced During Maximal Voluntary Contractions: An Experimental Investigation

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a protocol that could be used to obtain reliable measurements of knee extensor torque produced during maximal voluntary contractions. On each of 3 days, 10 subjects performed six consecutive maximal voluntary contractions, in the same randomized order, for each of the following 10 conditions: concentric isokinetic contractions at velocities of 30 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, and 180 degrees/s; eccentric isokinetic contractions at velocities of 30 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, and 180 degrees/s; and isometric contractions at 40 and 60 degrees of knee flexion. The peak torques produced were examined to determine on which day and during which contraction subjects produced the greatest torques for each condition. This information was used to develop a practice protocol. Fifteen different subjects were tested following this protocol. Subjects participated in two practice sessions, a test session, and a retest session. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine the degree of agreement between torques for the test and retest sessions. The ICCs ranged from .87 to .98. The protocol developed appears to be useful for obtaining reliable measurements of knee extensor torque.
Searching for Privacy Online: Legislating Against the Retention of Search Histories

On August 4, 2006, America Online posted online a database containing three months of search histories for approximately 658,000 users. The information contained in the search logs ranged from innocuous to embarrassing to potentially illegal. Although AOL collected its data with the noble goal of aiding researchers who study the ways we search for information online, the public reaction to the data release was overwhelmingly negative. Industry experts, privacy advocates, users, and others came to the same conclusion: AOL violated the privacy of those 650,000-plus users by releasing their personal data online without consent. In the aftermath of the AOL data release, many have begun grappling with the privacy issues raised by the incident. In particular, how can information disclosed by users that in the aggregate forms personally identifiable profiles of those users be protected? Users of search engines have no opportunity to provide any form of meaningful consent for the collection of their search queries because they are not required to agree to any terms of use before conducting searches. Further, because of the incremental nature of the sort of information they will disclose in conducting searches, users are unlikely to be aware of the privacy implications of entering a query into a search engine. Finally, users are often unaware that this information is collected at all. Legislative initiatives, used in combination with appropriate technologies, are necessary to protect user information collected online without meaningful consent. This Article offers statutory language prohibiting the collection and retention of this sort of information. User-keyed information disclosed by individuals who have not meaningfully consented to collection of that data information which includes search queries should not be collected or retained.
Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Human Herpesvirus-6

The pathogenesis of AIDS is complex and poorly understood despite intensive research efforts. One of the most puzzling aspects of the disease is the long interval between primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the production of antiviral antibodies and onset of overt disease. Probably the most important factor that determines the length of these intervals is the rate at which HIV replicates within the infected host. Molecular studies have suggested that the replication of HIV can be enhanced by concurrent infection with other viruses, especially herpesviruses such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Presumably the presence of those viruses would serve to accelerate the progression of HIV-mediated disease. In contrast, studies reported here indicate that coinfection of cell populations with HIV and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) leads to a near total suppression of HIV replication. The replication of HHV-6 is unaffected or minimally enhanced by the presence of HIV. These findings suggest that HHV-6 might serve to slow the progression of disease in some HIV-infected individuals.
Reaction Energy for LiMn2O4 Spinel Dissolution in Acid

The dissolution of LiMn 2 O 4 spinel in acid is a serious impediment to its use as a cathode material in Li batteries. In this paper, the free energy difference between reactants and products that drives the dissolution reaction is calculated using first principles methods for solid phases, and literature values for the solvation free energies of H, Li, and Mn ions and water molecules. We find that the dissolution reaction is endothermic in the absence of acid and exothermic in acid. Doping with Li on the Mn sublattice lowers the magnitude of the reaction energy AG by an amount proportional to the dilution of trivalent Mn in the host, thus confirming the role of disproportionation in the dissolution reaction.
Anti-Human type II collagen CD19+ B cells are present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and repertoire of CD19+ B cells capable of producing antibodies reactive to type II collagen (CII) in synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and PB of healthy control individuals. METHODS: CD19+ B cells were isolated and activated to secrete immunoglobulins (Ig) by CD4+ T cells. Frequencies of anti-CII B cells were determined by limiting dilution analysis. The isotype and cross-reactivity of the antibodies produced were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: SF and PB from 5 patients and PB from 4 healthy controls were analyzed. Anti-CII CD19+ B cells were identified in all samples tested. In the RA SF, the percentage of activated B cells reactive to human CII was significantly higher than in the PB of patients with RA (p
Hypnotic drug risks of mortality, infection, depression, and cancer: but lack of benefit

This is a review of hypnotic drug risks and benefits, reassessing and updating advice presented to the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (United States FDA). Almost every month, new information appears about the risks of hypnotics (sleeping pills). This review includes new information on the growing USA overdose epidemic, eight new epidemiologic studies of hypnotics’ mortality not available for previous compilations, and new emphasis on risks of short-term hypnotic prescription. The most important risks of hypnotics include excess mortality, especially overdose deaths, quiet deaths at night, infections, cancer, depression and suicide, automobile crashes, falls, and other accidents, and hypnotic-withdrawal insomnia. The short-term use of one-two prescriptions is associated with greater risk per dose than long-term use. Hypnotics are usually prescribed without approved indication, most often with specific contraindications, but even when indicated, there is little or no benefit. The recommended doses objectively increase sleep little if at all, daytime performance is often made worse, not better, and the lack of general health benefits is commonly misrepresented in advertising. Treatments such as the cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia and bright light treatment of circadian rhythm disorders might offer safer and more effective alternative approaches to insomnia.
John Henryism, socioeconomic position, and blood pressure in a multi-ethnic urban community.

Objectives : The John Henryism (JH) hypothesis suggests that, under adverse social and economic conditions, high-effort coping styles that reflect hard work and determination may contribute to elevated blood pressure. Results from tests of this hypothesis have been mixed, with variations by region, urban versus rural areas, race, gender, and age. The majority of studies reporting that socioeconomic position modifies associations between JH and blood pressure have been for non-Latino Blacks in rural communities. In contrast, most studies conducted in urban areas report little support for the JH hypothesis. Few studies have been conducted in samples that include Latinos. We extend previous research by testing the JH hypothesis in a multi-ethnic, low-to-moderate income urban community. Design: We used multivariate linear regression to test the hypothesis that associations between JH and blood pressure were modified by income, education, or labor force status in a multi-ethnic (non-Latino Black, Latino, non- Latino White) sample ( N =703) in Detroit, Michigan. The outcome measures were systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Results: John Henryism was associated with higher SBP ( b =3.92, P =.05), but not DBP ( b =1.85, P =.13). These associations did not differ by income, education, or labor force status. Results did not differ by race or ethnicity. Conclusions: John Henryism is positively associated with SBP in this multi-ethnic, low-to-moderate income sample. This association did not differ by income, education, or labor force status. Results are consistent with studies conducted in urban communities, finding limited evidence that associations between JH and blood pressure vary by socioeconomic position. ( Ethn Dis. 2015; 25[1]:24–30)
Narratives of Gender Shrapnel

This chapter is Mayock’s own story of gender shrapnel in the workplace. With this narrative, Mayock provides texture to the concepts of gender shrapnel, the feminist fuse, the professional mystique, and the glass ceiling. In particular, she describes the “Ow, it got me!” moments of gender shrapnel and the ways in which employees step through these minefields.
Topiramate Extended-Release Options: A Focus on Efficacy and Safety in Epilepsy and Comorbidities:

Topiramate (TPM) is effective for multiple seizure types and epilepsy syndromes in children and adults. Topiramate has adverse effects (including cognitive, depression, renal stones), but many of these are low incidence when started at a low dose and slowly titrated to 100 to 200 mg/day. Also, TPM has proven benefit for migraine, obesity, eating disorders, and alcohol use disorders, which can be comorbid in patients with epilepsy and may also be effective in subpopulations within specific psychiatric diagnoses. Recently approved extended-release formulations of TPM (Trokendi and Qudexy in the United States) have reliable data supporting their safety and efficacy for patients with epilepsy. They have potential for more rapid titration within 1 month to 200 mg/day and have better patient retention than TPM immediate-release, but there are no robust double-blind randomized controlled trials comparing the different formulations. We expect the once per day extended-release formulations to improve medication ad...
LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE LIGATION WITH LARIAT DEVICE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background: The LARIAT device is a percutaneous endo-epicardial left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion system that is currently performed in high risk atrial fibrillation (AF) patients intolerant to oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention and maybe reduction of AF burden. Methods: A comprehensive
Comparative mapping of plant chromosomes

The two major subclasses of flowering plants, monocots and dicots, are thought to have diverged from a common ancestor about 135–200 million years ago, yet a host of morphological and functional similarities remain apparent even among diverse taxa. Vavilov’s “law of homologous series in variation” (Vavilov 1922) was an early recognition of fundamental similarity between different plant species at the phenotypic level.
Enhancing the Experience Application Program Interface (xAPI) to Improve Domain Competency Modeling for Adaptive Instruction

This paper describes methods for enhancing the experience application program interface (xAPI) to improve the assessment of domain competency modeling for adaptive instruction. xAPI is an e-learning software specification which allows individual learning experiences and achievements to be amassed in a Learning Record Store (LRS). Adaptive instruction includes tailored training or educational experiences usually delivered and guided by Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs). ITSs can more effectively tailor or adapt instruction when they have more accurate models of the learner's prior knowledge or competency. This paper examines the potential effect of methods to more accurately model learner experiences and domain competency in an LRS. Specifically, we recommend five methods to improve xAPI statements by documenting: 1) achievement types; 2) experience duration; 3) experience source information; 4) domain learning and forgetting; and 5) assessment within learning experiences.
Effect of porosity and microstructure on the microwave dielectric properties of rutile

Abstract The dielectic properties of rutile were strongly affected by porosity and microstructure. The relative permittivity, loss tangent, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of titanium oxide in microwave frequency were explored over a broad density range which was controlled through sintering temperature. Permittivity values range between 15 and 115 as the sintering temperature increased from 500 to 1550 °C. The measured permittivity were compared with several types of mixing rules which assumed titania and pores as the constituents. A coherent potential formula was modified to produce the best fit over the largest porosity range. General constitutive formulas were also developed to describe tanδ and TCF and these models work well for intermediate porosity ranges (0.08 0.4). The deviations were attributed to local reduction of the rutile grains and grain boundaries.
Clinical Evidence Supports a Protective Role for CXCL5 in Coronary Artery Disease

Our goal was to measure the association of CXCL5 and molecular phenotypes associated with coronary atherosclerosis severity in patients at least 65 years old. CXCL5 is classically defined as a proinflammatory chemokine, but its role in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis, is not well defined. We enrolled individuals who were at least 65 years old and undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Coronary artery disease (CAD) severity was quantified in each subject via coronary angiography by calculating a CAD score. Circulating CXCL5 levels were measured from plasma, and both DNA genotyping and mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified via microarray gene chips. We observed a negative association of CXCL5 levels with CAD at an odds ratio (OR) of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.27–0.75). Controlling for covariates, including sex, statin use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, self-reported race, smoking, and diabetes, the OR was not significantly affected [OR, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.31–0.96)], consistent with a protective role for CXCL5 in coronary atherosclerosis. We also identified 18 genomic regions with expression quantitative trait loci of genes correlated with both CAD severity and circulating CXCL5 levels. Our clinical findings are consistent with the emerging link between chemokines and atherosclerosis and suggest new therapeutic targets for CAD.
Multinucleated giant cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome encephalopathy. Origin from endogenous microglia

Multinucleated giant cells that are characteristic of the encephalomyelopathy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are stained by a lectin histochemical method. The particular lectin used, Ricinus communis agglutinin I, has been shown to bind to endogenous microglial cells in human brain, as well as to endothelial cells of blood vessels. These results suggest that multinucleated giant cells in the brain of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be derived from endogenous microglia.
Initial experience with the unrestricted introduction of sugammadex at a large academic medical center: a retrospective observational study examining postoperative mechanical ventilation and efficiency outcomes.

BACKGROUND Sugammadex rapidly reverses deep neuromuscular blockade, but owing to cost, questions remain about its optimal utilization. After the unrestricted introduction of sugammadex at Emory University Hospital, we hypothesized that reductions would be demonstrated in the primary outcome of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) mechanical ventilation (MV) and secondary outcomes of PACU length of stay (LOS) and emergence time (surgery end to anesthesia end time in the PACU). METHODS This retrospective observational study included patients undergoing general anesthesia over a 12-month period. Using multiple variable penalized logistic regression in a one-group before-and-after design, we compared the categorized rates of PACU MV to examine the effect of sugammadex introduction following a post-hoc chart review to ascertain the reason for postoperative MV. Additionally, multiple variable linear regression was used to assess for differences in PACU LOS and emergence time within a propensity-matched set of patients receiving neostigmine or sugammadex. RESULTS In total, 7,217 surgical cases met the inclusion criteria: 3,798 before and 3,419 after sugammadex introduction. The incidence of PACU MV was 2.3% before and 1.8% after (P = 0.118) sugammadex introduction. PACU MV due to residual neuromuscular blockade (rNMB) decreased from 0.63% to 0.20% (P = 0.005). Ventilation because of other causes was unchanged. PACU LOS and emergence time were unchanged in the propensity-matched set of 1,444 patients. CONCLUSIONS rNMB was an important contributor to PACU MV utilization and its incidence significantly decreased after sugammadex introduction. The selected efficiency measures may not have been sufficiently granular to identify improvements following introduction.
UV-Controlled Triboelectric Formation of Two-Beam Interference Pattern with Nano-Volcano Array

Adding sub-structures to sub-micron-scale to polymer surface patterned through two-beam interference has been deemed highly challenging. Using replica molding, triboelectric effect, and electrohydrodynamic lithography, we achieve decoration of sinusoidally corrugated NOA73 surface with nanoscale volcano arrays.
Anonymous RPC: low-latency protection in a 64-bit address space

In this paper, we propose a method of reducing the latency of cross-domain remote procedure call (RPC). Traditional systems use separate address spaces to provide memory protection between separate processes, but even with a highly optimized RPC system, the cost of switching between address spaces can make cross-domain RPC prohibitively expensive. Our approach is to use anonymity instead of hardware page tables for protection. Logically independent memory segments are placed at random locations in the same address space and protection domain. With 64-bit virtual addresses, it is unlikely that a process will be able to locate any other segment by accidental or malicious memory probes; it is impossible to corrupt a segment without knowing its location. The benefit is that a cross-domain RPC need not involve a hardware context switch. Measurements of our prototype implementation show that a round-trip null RPC takes only 7.7us on an Intel 486-33.
Orthotropic Shells of Revolution Including Transverse Shear Deformation and Thermal Thickening

Just as in Chapter 4, which dealt with shells of revolution composed of isotropic materials, the same general approach can be used for shells of revolution composed of composite materials, following Daugherty [17.1].
Electrospray Operational Parameters in TOF-MS

Abstract The successful and reliable operation of an LC-(Q)TOF-MS for pesticide screening in routine use requires an accurate and stable mass calibration. While straight forward in clean samples, it is another matter to maintain good mass accuracy in high background environments. It is the intent of this chapter to share some insights into aspects that impact optimum operation for the discovery and measurement of trace contaminants. Special attention is paid on the continuous internal calibration of the mass axis, the introduction of the reference mass ions, and the adjustment of the ionization source for robust operation. It is sincerely hoped that by doing so a great number of practitioners will successfully implement the state of the art for TOF and QTOF analyses and that this will form the basis for the next level in the routine discovery of unknown and unexpected chemical agents in food and the environment.
Special Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Students’ With Disabilities Ability, Instructional Needs, and Difficulties Using Visual Representations to Solve Mathematics Problems:

In this article, we present findings that examined special education teachers’ perception of students’ with disabilities ability, instructional needs, and difficulties for using visual representati...
A Quarrel of Poisons: Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Homeopathic Poisoner

Crosby examines the most important agent in the poisonous woman’s feminist/medical reframing—Harriet Beecher Stowe and her creation, Cassy. Scholars have typically considered Stowe’s domesticity as central to her work, but Crosby uncovers how Stowe’s other vocation as a lay homeopathic physician enabled her transition into an activist author. The chapter details how a homeopathic theory of poison helped Stowe reconceptualize the female poisoner as medicinal and how she thus made her heroic, doctoring poisoner Cassy a model for women’s critical and politically efficacious interventions in the public sphere.
Odd Number Theorem for Equivariant Systems

Various versions of Odd Number Theorem state necessary conditions for stabilizing an unstable periodic solution to a differential equation by Pyragas’ delayed feedback control. In this paper, we propose an equivariant counterpart of these conditions for systems with a finite symmetry group.
Abstract WP335: Role of Sorbs2 Gene in the Development of Atrial Cardiomyopathy and Atrial Fibrillation in Mice

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is a major cause of thromboembolic stroke in the United States. The risk of stroke is a 5-fold increase in patients with AF. The S...
A finite volume–alternating direction implicit method for the valuation of American options under the Heston model

A finite volume–alternating direction implicit method is proposed for numerical valuation of the American options under the Heston model. It is based on decoupling correlated stock price process an...
Incorporation of Internal Motion in NMR Refinements Based on NOESY Data

One promising way of carrying out the final refinements for solution structures of proteins and nucleic acids involves an automated fitting of the observed NOESY peak intensities to those calculated from a multi-spin relaxation model. We have previously discussed how simulated annealing procedures could be used to carry out such calculations (Yip and Case, J. Magn. Reson. 83, 643–648 (1989)). We now extend this initial model to allow discrete jump models of internal motions (assumed to be uncoupled from overall rotational diffusion), and compare these results to those from static models or effective order parameters. Preliminary results for plastocyanin suggest that this level of theory will be sufficiently accurate in many cases to be used as a basis for structural refinement.
Social Mobility and Democratic Attitudes: Evidence From Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa:

How does intergenerational social mobility affect support for democracy? Although a large literature examines how personal income and inequality influence regime change and democratic attitudes, th...
Institutional Logics and Individual Ethical Judgment

Since the turn of the millennium, research on ethical judgment has taken a new turn. The traditional perspective on such judgments, best captured by Rest, held that they resulted from a process of rational deliberation. Starting with work begun by Haidt, we now see that most ethical judgment relies more on emotionally laden intuition, often unconscious, rather than conscious rational deliberation. In the last decade new models have emerged to describe how the intuitive process might work, and how it differs from the traditional deliberative process. This realization raises a range of new questions about if and how such intuitions may be influenced, many of which concern how ethically relevant intuitions form. In particular, the institutional conditions under which ethical decisions are made is likely to have a profound impact. Institutional conditions are the resilient social structures that provide stability and meaning to social life. They shape decisions regarding practice adoption, CEO pay, and even the resolution of negotiations, by shaping behavior through taken for granted notions of appropriateness. Exploring the institutional underpinnings of ethical decision making is likely to provide insight into the context of those decisions, which has largely been distilled to the notion of “bad barrels” poisoning a the decisions of actors. Our presentation explores how the institutional logics that characterize an organization may be related to the ethically relevant intuitions of organizational members. We combine theory on the formation of intuition with notions of appropriateness to address how the institutional context of organizations shapes the ethical judgments made by its members.
Strain-induced changes to the methanation reaction on thin-film nickel catalysts

We investigate how mechanical strain can directly manipulate the catalytic rate of a purely thermochemical reaction. Specifically, this work applies strain to a nickel-based thin film catalyst used in carbon monoxide methanation, which can serve as a key step in obtaining useful hydrocarbon fuels from biomass lignin. Previous computational literature has suggested that the application of mechanical strain can increase the activity of nickel-based catalysts in this reaction, making them a more attractive low-cost alternative to other more active catalysts. To directly apply strain in a high-temperature reactor, we designed a novel two-cell reactor which allowed us to use static air pressure to create a strained thin-film catalyst, ultimately measuring strain-induced changes in catalyst activity. In contrast with earlier theoretical predictions, increased tensile strain caused a decrease in activity rather than the increase which was originally expected. A re-examination of the computational reaction data suggests that the reaction model previously employed, which used a single parameter (CO dissociation energy) to predict catalyst activity, was overly simplified. It is likely that hydrogenation reaction steps have some rate-determining behavior and should be incorporated into the reaction model.
Achieving College Readiness through a Dual Enrollment Course: “Strategies for Success”

To increase equitable postsecondary access and success outcomes it is critical to address the college preparedness gap. While Florida International University (FIU) continues to improve retention and graduation gaps for currently enrolled students, it became evident that the university could play a larger role in preparing high school students for college and university. In 2017, FIU developed a dual enrollment version of a currently offered course, SLS1510: Strategies for Success, to address this gap. The purpose of this article is to describe the context in which this decision occurred, the philosophy used to drive development of the course, and the steps taken to pilot the course. This article highlights the successes of the course, including enrollment of over 2,000 students over 4 semesters, along with areas of improvement for future iterations. The findings of the pilot can help to inform colleges and universities who are interested in addressing college preparedness in the k-12 pipeline.
The impact of support provided by close others in the emergency department on threat perceptions

Objective: Having close others present in the emergency department (ED) can cause patients significant distress. The present study tested the hypothesis that close others provide more negative supp...
HVDC Commutation Failures Detection for Security and Stability Control Based on Local Electrical Quantities

The commutation failure of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system will have a huge power impact on the AC system. It is necessary to accurately identify the commutation failure of the HVDC for the security and stability control device (stability control device). At present, the stability control device which has already been applied in engineering for HVDC identifies the commutation failure of HVDC depends on the command of DC control and protection system, and there is a certain risk. The valve side current of converter transformer and the DC current of valve group that can be directly collected by the engineering are studied. Starting from the self-demand of the stability control device, new HVDC commutation failure and continuous commutation failure criteria are proposed based on the original commutation failure protection principle. Also, RTDS test verification was carried out.
Motion Planning With Velocity Prediction and Composite Nonlinear Feedback Tracking Control for Lane-Change Strategy of Autonomous Vehicles

The lane-change strategy of autonomous vehicles is affected by its leading vehicle. It is necessary and challenging to simultaneously conduct the lane-change maneuvers while avoiding collisions with the leading vehicle. This article proposes a lane-change strategy considering the leading vehicle by synthesizing vehicle velocity prediction, motion planning, and trajectory tracking control. A scenario-based velocity prediction method using the input-output hidden Markov model (HMM) is proposed to predict the leading vehicle velocity. Then a motion planner integrating the predicted velocity is developed to generate the optimal trajectories for the lane-change maneuvers. The generated trajectories are tracked by a trajectory tracking controller. An improved composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control algorithm is proposed to obtain smooth transient performances and fast responses. Human driver tests on a driving simulator show the leading vehicle velocity can be predicted by the proposed method. The motion planner and the trajectory tracking controller are validated in the CarSim simulations. The collision-free optimal trajectories are generated and tracked by the motion planner and the improved CNF controller. A systematic lane-change strategy considering the leading vehicle is effectively developed in this study.
Nutrition in Cholestatic Liver Disease

Cholestatic liver disease, including primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, can be associated with numerous extrahepatic complications. Of these, malnutrition can negatively impact quality of life in these patients. Achieving nutritional optimization in patients with cholestatic liver disease is an essential component in the overall management of the disease. Through various mechanisms, including abnormalities in bile acid metabolism, malabsorption, anorexia, and increased metabolic rate, chronic malnutrition in cholestatic liver disease can lead to vitamin, mineral, and protein deficiencies. This in turn can result in complications including osteoporosis and fractures, coagulopathy, skin, and neurologic changes. In addition, protein deficiency can worsen ascites and encephalopathy and promote sarcopenia, which increases morbidity and mortality. Such sequelae, which are often more pronounced in those with cirrhosis, highlight the importance of addressing nutritional status early on in these patients. Monitoring and replacing essential vitamins and minerals is crucial in preventing complications associated with nutritional deficiencies. Ensuring adequate caloric and protein intake may reduce the overall morbidity associated with cholestatic liver disease. We herein summarize important concepts and management strategies of optimizing nutrition in cholestatic liver disease.
Floral density and co-occurring congeners alter patterns of selection in annual plant communities.

Although the evolution and diversification of flowers is often attributed to pollinator-mediated selection, interactions between co-occurring plant species can alter patterns of selection mediated by pollinators and other agents. The extent to which both floral density and congeneric species richness affect patterns of net and pollinator-mediated selection on multiple co-occurring species in a community is unknown and is likely to depend on whether co-occurring plants experience competition or facilitation for reproduction. We conducted an observational study of selection on four species of Clarkia (Onagraceae) and tested for pollinator-mediated selection on two Clarkia species in communities differing in congeneric species richness and local floral density. When selection varied with community context, selection was generally stronger in communities with fewer species, where local conspecific floral density was higher, and where local heterospecific floral density was lower. These patterns suggest that intraspecific competition at high densities and interspecific competition at low densities may affect the evolution of floral traits. However, selection on floral traits was not pollinator mediated in Clarkia cylindrica or Clarkia xantiana, despite variation in pollinator visitation and the extent of pollen limitation across communities for C. cylindrica. As such, interactions between co-occurring species may alter patterns of selection mediated by abiotic agents of selection.
Targeted Pelvic Constraint Force Induces Enhanced Use of the Paretic Leg During Walking in Persons Post-Stroke

The purpose of this study was to determine whether activation of muscles in the paretic leg, particularly contributing to propulsion, and gait symmetry can be improved by applying a targeted resistance force to the pelvis in the backward direction during stance phase while walking in individuals post-stroke. Thirteen individuals post-stroke participated in two experimental sessions, which consisted of treadmill walking, with either targeted or constant resistances, together with overground walking. For the targeted condition, a resistance force was applied to the pelvis during the stance phase of the paretic leg. For the constant condition, the resistance force was applied throughout the whole gait cycle. Participants showed greater increase in medial hamstring muscle activity in the paretic leg and improved step length symmetry after the removal of targeted resistance force, compared to effects of a constant resistance force (P < 0.03). In addition, treadmill walking with the targeted resistance induced more symmetrical step length during overground walking 10 min after the treadmill walking, compared to the result of the constant resistance force (P = 0.01). Applying a targeted resistance force to the pelvis during the stance phase of the paretic leg may induce an enhanced use of the paretic leg and an improvement in gait symmetry in individuals post-stroke. These results provide evidence showing that applying a targeted resistance to the pelvis may induce a forced use of the paretic leg during walking.
Parental Identification and Vocational Interests of College Women.

One hundred thirty-nine female college students completed a measure of parental identification. The group was divided into High and Low Identification Groups, and Strong Vocational Interest Blank s...
Update in the Mucopolysaccharidoses

The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a genetically heterogenous group of enzyme deficiencies marked by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes leading to multisystem disease. Although significant therapeutic advances have been made for the MPS disorders, including recombinant enzyme replacement approaches, the neuronopathic features of MPS lack adequate treatment. Gene therapies, including adeno-associated virus vectors targeting the central nervous system, hold significant promise for this group of disorders. Optimal outcomes of all therapies will require early disease identification and treatment, ideally by newborn screening.
Riso-Tree: An Efficient and Scalable Index for Spatial Entities in Graph Database Management Systems

With the ubiquity of spatial data, vertexes or edges in graphs can possess spatial location attributes side by side with other non-spatial attributes. For instance, as of June 2018, the Wikidata kn...