cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric responses in Zn1-xMgxO thin films near the phase separation boundary

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties for Zn1-xMgxO (ZMO) thin films are reported as a function of MgO composition up to and including the phase separation region. Zn1-xMgxO (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) thin films with c-axis textures were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on platinized sapphire substrates. The films were phase pure wurtzite for MgO concentrations up to 40%; above that limit, a second phase with rocksalt structure evolves with strong {100} texture. With increasing MgO concentration, the out-of-plane (d33,f) and in-plane (e31,f) piezoelectric coefficients increase by 360% and 290%, respectively. The increase in piezoelectric coefficients is accompanied by a 35% increase in relative permittivity. Loss tangent values fall monotonically with increasing MgO concentration, reaching a minimum of 0.001 for x ≥ 0.30, at which point the band gap is reported to be 4 eV. The enhanced piezoelectric response, the large band gap, and the low dielectric loss make Zn1-xMgxO an interesting candidate for thin film...
Basis identification through convex optimization

Suppose one has a highly redundant spanning set for a finite-dimensional Hilbert space, knows that a subset of the spanning set is an orthonormal basis for the space, and wants to identify that subset. To identify such a subset, most standard models typically require that the elements of the spanning set are arranged in a particular order. This dissertation develops a novel convex optimization problem, inspired by compressed sensing, and conjectures that the set of minimizers of this problem can be used to identify bases in a given spanning set. In particular, given an injective matrix X, consider the problem of minimizing ‖XY ‖1, the sum of the absolute values of all entries in the matrix product XY , subject to Y being a left inverse of X. This dissertation shows that for a given injective matrix X, the set of such minimizers is a nonempty, compact, convex set and conjectures that the extreme points of this set can be used to find a subset of the rows of X that is a basis for the domain of X. An analysis of this conjecture is given, with particular attention given to the case when the rows of X are a concatenation of two orthonormal bases. In this case, it is shown that if a left inverse Z of X is a minimizer of ‖XY ‖1 subject to Y being a left inverse of X, and Z identifies an orthonormal basis in the rows of X, in a way made precise herein, then Z is an extreme point of the set of minimizers. Furthermore, conditions are developed that ensure that such a left inverse Z exists. Last, some special cases are developed where the above conjecture is shown to hold.
Organizational Legitimacy and Open Source Intelligence

Technological developments of the modern era have brought the Intelligence Community (IC) to a transitional time in the intelligence space. Information and data are becoming increasingly available alongside increased access and ease in computational analysis capabilities. Outside of the IC and in the public realm, Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) products are those that are openly available to the general public and were produced using open source data and sources. OSINT products may include analysis from satellite imagery (GEOINT), ground images (IMINT), and statements or comments by humans (HUMINT), etc. Within the institution of OSINT analysis, non-governmental organizations are increasing their ability to inform and influence the public, including decision makers. While the increase in data and analysis capability is correlated with the increase in OSINT products, a causal relationship could not be detected. Instead, as public OSINT as an institution gains legitimacy, public OSINT organizations are gaining legitimacy. An investigation of organizational legitimacy, or the types of legitimacy organizations hold and how they build and manage legitimacy, reveals that technology is not the driver, but instead it is an enabling and supporting mechanism.
Emerging Technologies for Next-Generation Wind Turbines

To increase the performance and reliability of next-generation wind turbines, the technology must continue to evolve building on earlier successes in wind energy and other fields. This chapter provides an introduction and in-depth survey of four emerging technologies: permanent magnetic direct drive, 3D printing, anti-icing and deicing, and data-mining techniques, particularly used for wind energy. The merits of each technology are briefly described as follows. The wind turbines with permanent magnetic direct-drive generators could offer higher efficiency of energy conversion and lower maintenance cost than traditional wind turbine designs with gearboxes. The 3D printing technology opens a new window for rapid design and manufacturing of wind turbine systems, e.g., use of 3D printing of wind turbine blade molds for new blade design. The anti-icing and deicing technology could improve the performance and reliability of wind turbines and lower the safety risks for wind turbines installed in cold-climate areas. Various data-mining techniques take full advantage of the huge amounts of available data from wind turbines and/or wind farms, acquire useful information within, and eventually lower the wind energy cost. The fundamental concepts, main classifications, and key applications and contributions of these four types of emerging technologies are elaborated.
The Vibrations of Beams and Plates

Through the previous chapter, the static behavior of beams, rods, columns, and plates has been treated to determine displacements and stresses. This is important because many structures are stiffness critical (maximum deflections are limited) or strength critical (maximum stresses are limited). In Chapter 7, the elastic stability of these structures was treated because that is a third way in which structures can be rendered useless. In most cases when a structure becomes elastically unstable, it cannot fulfill its structural purpose.
Retinoid--regulated expression of tissue transglutaminase in normal and leukemic myeloid cells.

Transglutaminases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the covalent cross-Unking of proteins by facilitating the formation of e-(γ-glutaminyl)-lysyl isopeptide bonds between protein-bound glutamine and lysine residues (1). Since the isopeptie bond is an unusually stable form of protein cross-link one may reasonably ask what is the purpose for inducing such stable bonds between polypeptide chains. In the case of the extracellular transglutaminases the answer to this question seems to be linked to the formation of mechanically stable protein clots. For instance, the seminal plasma of certain rodents contains a specific transglutaminase that cross-links seminal plasma proteins leading to the formation of a dense copulatory plug that forms in the cervical canal (2). The extensive cross-Unking of these proteins is linked to the formation of a clot that is stable for weeks. Blood plasma also contains a specific transglutaminase, plasma factor XIIIa, that is involved in the stabilization of fibrin clots. This enzyme is activated during the clotting reaction and covalently cross-links fibrin chains (3). Factor XIII also cross-links fibrin to fibronectin and possibly to collagen, a reaction that may stabilize the association of the clot with the vessel wall and platelets (4). Factor XIII also covalently incorporates A2-antiplasmin into the nascent fibrin clot (5).
Direkte Lösung linearer Gleichungen

In den vorangehenden Kapiteln sahen wir, das eine Vielzahl von Problemen schlieslich darauf fuhrt, lineare Gleichungssysteme Ax = b zu losen. Ein entscheidender Gesichtspunkt bei der Losung solcher Systeme ist die Struktur der Matrix A. Bei manchen Problemen, beispielsweise Ausgleichsproblemen, kann die Matrix A vollbesetzt sein, das heist nur relativ wenige Elemente sind gleich Null. Andererseits sahen wir bei gewissen Zweipunkt-Randwertproblemen, das A tridiagonal war, und bei Randwertproblemen fur partielle Differentialgleichungen war A gros und sehr dunn besetzt. Generell mus den Nullelementen in der Matrix A bei der numerischen Losung soweit wie moglich Rechnung getragen werden, um effiziente Algorithmen zu erhalten.
Lung transplantation and beyond: continued challenges in the wake of significant progress.

Since the first clinical lung transplant was successfully performed in 1983 (1), lung transplantation has evolved into a well-recognized therapy for patients with end-stage lung diseases. According to the most recent registry data from the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) (2), the total number of lung transplants performed in the world continues to increase and is currently approximately 4,000 cases annually. Interestingly, however, most lung transplants are performed at a limited number of centers. One-third of all lung transplants are done at 14 transplant centers that each perform more than 50 cases per year. These centers are recognized as “high-volume transplant centers”.
Mapping Symptoms to Brain Networks with the Human Connectome.

The Brain Connectome and New Methods of Lesion Analysis Complex neurologic and psychiatric syndromes cannot be understood on the basis of focal brain lesions. Functional neuroimaging, maps of inter...
Statistical Misconceptions : Classic Edition

This engaging book helps readers identify and then discard 52 misconceptions about data and statistical summaries. The focus is on major concepts contained in typical undergraduate and graduate courses in statistics, research methods, or quantitative analysis. Interactive Internet exercises that further promote undoing the misconceptions are found on the book's website. The author’s accessible discussion of each misconception has five parts: The Misconception - a brief description of the misunderstanding Evidence that the Misconception Exists – examples and claimed prevalence Why the Misconception is Dangerous – consequence of having the misunderstanding Undoing the Misconception - how to think correctly about the concept Internet Assignment - an interactive activity to help readers gain a firm grasp of the statistical concept and overcome the misconception. The book's statistical misconceptions are grouped into 12 chapters that match the topics typically taught in introductory/intermediate courses. However, each of the 52 discussions is self-contained, thus allowing the misconceptions to be covered in any order without confusing the reader. Organized and presented in this manner, the book is an ideal supplement for any standard textbook. An ideal supplement for undergraduate and graduate courses in statistics, research methods, or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences. The book also appeals to independent researchers interested in undoing their statistical misconceptions.
Characteristics of respiratory measures in young adults scanned at rest, including systematic changes and \"missed\" respiratory events

Abstract Breathing rate and depth influence the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, altering cerebral blood flow and thus functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals. Such respiratory fluctuations can have substantial influence in studies of fMRI signal covariance in subjects at rest, the so-called “resting state functional connectivity” technique. If respiration is monitored during fMRI scanning, it is typically done using a belt about the subject’s abdomen to record abdominal circumference. Several measures have been derived from these belt records, including the windowed envelope of the waveform (ENV), the windowed variance in the waveform (respiration variation, RV), and a measure of the amplitude of each breath divided by the cycle time of the breath (respiration volume per time, RVT). Any attempt to gauge respiratory contributions to fMRI signals requires a respiratory measure, but little is known about how these measures compare to each other, or how they perform beyond the small studies in which they were initially proposed. In this paper, we examine the properties of these measures in hundreds of healthy young adults scanned for an hour each at rest, a subset of the Human Connectome Project chosen for having high-quality physiological records. We find: 1) ENV, RV, and RVT are all similar, though ENV and RV are more similar to each other than to RVT; 2) respiratory events like deep breaths exhibit characteristic fMRI signal changes, head motions, and image quality abnormalities time-locked to deep breaths evident in the belt traces; 3) all measures can “miss” respiratory events evident in the belt traces; 4) RVT “misses” deep breaths (i.e., yawns and sighs) more than ENV or RV; 5) all respiratory measures change systematically over the course of a 14.4-minute scan, decreasing in mean value. We discuss the implication of these findings for the literature, and ways to move forward in modeling respiratory influences on fMRI scans. Highlights - Examines 3 respiratory measures in resting state fMRI scans of healthy young adults - All respiratory measures “miss” respiratory events, some more than others - Respiration volume per time (RVT) frequently “misses” deep breaths - All respiratory measures decrease systematically over 14.4 minute scans - Systematic decreases are due to decreased breathing depth and rate
Evaluation of Minnelide As a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Preventing the Relapse of AML

BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia amongst adults which requires multiple phases and combinations of chemotherapeutic agents. Despite this complex regimen, most patients either fail to achieve remission or relapse. Triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxide compound and Minnelide its water-soluble prodrug have shown significant efficacy in decreasing leukemic burden in preclinical animal models. In the current study, we evaluated the potential of Minnelide to prevent recurrence of AML via its effect on leukemic stem cells and in the bone marrow. METHODS To determine the effect of triptolide on the stemness of AML cells, two chemotherapy-resistant cell lines (THP-1 and KG-1) were treated overnight with triptolide at a dose of 2.5nM and 25nM. The colonies formed per well were subsequently measured. Stem cell markers (CD47, CD95, CD126 and TIM3) were also measured after treatment with various doses of triptolide (5nM, 10nM, 25nM). We also carried out in-vivo experiments in which luciferase-tagged THP-1 cells were intravenously injected into NSG mice. Positively implanted mice were then treated intraperitoneally with either saline or Minnelide (0.15mg/kg/day) for 30 days. RESULTS Triptolide treated cells had significantly reduced number of colonies per well in a colony formation assay, indicating decreased clonogenicity. In addition, treatment with triptolide reduced expressed of stem cell markers CD47 and CD126 at a concentration of 20nM (fold change of 0.3 and 0.55 for CD47 and fold change of 0.14 and 0.66 for CD126 for THP-1 and KG-1 respectively). In-vivo, Minnelide was able to successfully reduce tumor burden as evidenced by serial measurements of radiance (ROI) with IVIS. Furthermore, bone marrow histology of Minnelide treated mice resembled the bone marrow of non-diseased animals. Analysis with flow cytometry supported our findings showing a significant reduction of human CD45RA positive cells in the bone marrow of Minnelide treated mice. CONCLUSION Minnelide is not only successful in reducing tumor burden but it is potentially an effective therapy for preventing relapse of AML. This is evidenced by the reduction in stemness of AML cells treated with triptolide and through the reduction in tumor burden in the bone marrow of mice treated with low doses of Minnelide. FIGURE 1: Bone marrow from Minnelide treated mice had a significantly reduced infiltration of myeloid cells compared to saline treated mice and even resembled negative controls. Download : Download high-res image (1MB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures Watts: Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Banerjee: Minneamrita Therapeutics LLC: Consultancy. Saluja: Minneamrita Therapeutics, LLC: Other: Co-founder and the Chief Scientific Officer.
Hydrothermal light-weight calcium phosphate cements : use of polyacrylnitrile-shelled hollow microspheres

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) slurries with a very low density of less than 1.0 g cm-3 were prepared by incorporating polyacrylnitrile (PAN)-shelled hollow microspheres with calcite sizing into CPC pastes consisting of sodium metaphosphate, high alumina cement and water. Their characterizations were then investigated to assess their value as light-weight CPC cementing materials for use in geothermal wells at hydrothermal temperatures up to 300°C. This light-weight cement showed the following four main features: firstly the chemical inertness of the PAN shells to CPC served to extend thickening time of the slurry; secondly the microsphere surfaces preferentially absorbed Al ions from among the various ionic species in the interstitial fluid of CPC at 100°C, thereby forming amorphous Al-enriched sodium phosphate hydrates as interfacial intermediate layers which tightly linked the microspheres to the CPC matrix; thirdly although the thermal decomposition of PAN shells around 200°C generated numerous voids in the cement body, these open spaces were filled by well-grown wardite crystals formed by the in-situ phase transformation of amorphous sodium aluminate phosphate hydrates, thereby preventing a serious loss in strength of the light-weight calcium phosphate cement (LCPC) specimens; fourthly the major phase composition of CPC matrix at 200 and 300°C consisted of well-crystallized hydroxyapatite and boehmite compounds which can be categorized as alkali carbonation-resistant phases. The integration of these characteristics was responsible for maintaining the compressive strength of greater than 0.6 MPa for LCPC specimens derived from a very-low-density (0.98 g cm-3) slurry exposed for 6 months to a 0.05 M Na2CO3-laden solution at 250°C.
An Open Audio Processing Platform with Zync FPGA

This paper presents an open audio processing platform on Zync7000 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), capable of collecting analog frequency signals through a microphone, and pushing out a data set of frequencies and amplitudes to a UART interface. The validity of this platform has been proved by a design on a real-time automatic music transcription (AMT) system, mainly containing three algorithms run on the Zync processor including Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), vector building with Pitch Class Profile (PCP), and pattern matching. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the chord detection can reach 90% while playing open chords, and the latency of analog sampling is around 250 ms. We make this platform publicly available to encourage future research in audio processing such as speech recognition and natural language processing, and to serve educational studies on digital system and embedded system implementations with hardware-software co-design FPGAs.
Optimization with equality and inequality constraints using parameter continuation

Abstract We generalize the successive continuation paradigm introduced by Kernevez and Doedel [1] for locating locally optimal solutions of constrained optimization problems to the case of simultaneous equality and inequality constraints. The analysis shows that potential optima may be found at the end of a sequence of easily-initialized separate stages of continuation, without the need to seed the first stage of continuation with nonzero values for the corresponding Lagrange multipliers. A key enabler of the proposed generalization is the use of complementarity functions to define relaxed complementary conditions, followed by the use of continuation to arrive at the limit required by the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theory. As a result, a successful search for optima is found to be possible also from an infeasible initial solution guess. The discussion shows that the proposed paradigm is compatible with the staged construction approach of the coco software package. This is evidenced by a modified form of the coco core used to produce the numerical results reported here. These illustrate the efficacy of the continuation approach in locating optimal solutions of an objective function along families of two-point boundary value problems and in optimal control problems.
Anomalous Electronic Properties of Iodous Materials: Application to High-Spin Reactive Intermediates and Conjugated Polymers.

Manipulating frontier orbital energies of aromatic molecules with substituents is key to a variety of chemical and material applications. Here, we investigate a simple strategy for achieving high-e...
Cultural Theories of Gesture

In this chapter, we examine the role of gestures in musical performance. The focus of this examination is on the physical, symbolic, and psychological movements of musicians in different traditions—American Hip Hop, Free Jazz, Japanese Noh Theater, and Chinese Folk. We locate these gestures in the bodies, scores, and sounds of and made by performers. It is also necessary to honor and acknowledge the cultural specificity of each musical tradition by recognizing the importance of different geographies, power dynamics, and histories. We describe the role of gestures as cultural expressivity, complementing the mathematical theory of gestures (see Chap. 14).
Edge Computation for SDR-SDN

The purpose of this paper lay a comprehensive foundation on the topic of SDN (Software Defined Network) - SDR (Software Defined Radio). We create a framework using a SDN linked together with a SDR in order to understand how they can work together in an edge computing environment, and then find the optimal state for which data flows the most efficiently. Simulation of the SDN framework, simulation of the SDR framework, the linkage of the SDN and SDR frameworks together are detailed. Simulation of the optimal configuration is provided. Simulation platforms like Ns-3 and Mininet are investigated. Deep Reinforcement Learning (D-RL) using Open-AI gym platform is used as a controller in comparison to Ryu controller
Magnetorotational Transport in the Early Sun

Angular momentum transport must have occurred in the Sun's radiative zone, to explain its current solid body rotation. We survey the stability of the early Sun's radiative zone with respect to diffusive rotational instabilities for a variety of plausible past configurations. We find that the (faster rotating) early Sun was prone to rotational instabilities even if only weak levels of radial differential rotation were present, while the current Sun is not. Stability domains are determined by approximate balance between dynamical and diffusive timescales, allowing generalizations to other stellar contexts. Depending on the strength and geometry of the weak magnetic field present, the fastest growing unstable mode can be hydrodynamic or magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) in nature. Our results suggest that diffusive MHD modes may be more efficient at transporting angular momentum than their hydrodynamic (Goldreich-Schubert-Fricke) counterparts because the minimum spatial scale required for magnetic tension to be destabilizing limits the otherwise very small scales favored by double-diffusive instabilities. Diffusive magnetorotational instabilities are thus attractive candidates for angular momentum transport in the early Sun's radiative zone.
Post-partum spontaneous coronary artery dissection refractory to conservative management.

This case report describes a 31-year-old female who was diagnosed with a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) of her left anterior descending artery during the post-partum period. She failed nonoperative management and was found to have extensive propagation of the dissected vessel upon experiencing recurrent chest pain. She ultimately underwent coronary artery bypass grafting which restored perfusion and cardiac while motion. A brief discussion of the presentation, diagnosis, and management of SCAD follows.
Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation:

Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is a novel combustion strategy that has been shown to significantly attenuate soot formation in diesel engines. While previous studies have used optical diagnostics and ...
Timeless Strategy Meets New Medium: Going Negative on Congressional Campaign Web Sites, 2002–2006

In a few short years, the World Wide Web has become a standard part of candidates' campaign tool kits. Virtually all candidates have their own sites, and voters, journalists, and activists visit the sites with increasing frequency. In this article, we study what candidates do on these sites—in terms of the information they present—by exploring one of the most enduring and widely debated campaign strategies: “going negative.” Comparing data from over 700 congressional candidate Web sites, over three election cycles (2002, 2004, and 2006), with television advertising data, we show that candidates go negative with similar likelihoods across these media. We also find that while similar dynamics drive negativity on the Web and in television advertising, there are some notable differences. These differences likely stem, in part, from the truncated sample available with television data (i.e., many candidates do not produce ads). Our results have implications for understanding negative campaigning and for the way...
Brownian Bridge Interpolation for Human Mobility

The Brownian bridge is a method for probabilistically interpolating the location of a moving person, animal, or object between two measured points. This type of probabilistic interpolation is useful, because it represents the uncertainty of the interpolated points. It can be used to infer the probability of having visited a certain location, including possible exposure to disease. In the class of probabilistic interpolators, the Brownian bridge is attractive, because it has only a single adjustable parameter, the diffusion coefficient. This paper investigates the suitability of the Brownian bridge for interpolating human locations using mobility data from over 12 million people. One section looks at the consistency of the diffusion coefficient from person to person. As part of this, the paper presents, for the first time, a closed form solution for the maximum likelihood estimate of this parameter. The paper also presents statistical tests aimed at evaluating the accuracy of the Brownian bridge for interpolating human location.
Optimized Needle Biopsy Strategies for Prostate Cancer Detection

Clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer is most often done by transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. Because of the low resolution of ultrasound, however, the urologist cannot usually distinguish between cancerous and healthy tissue. Therefore, most biopsies follow standard procedures (known as “protocols”) based on long-term physician experience. Recent studies indicate that these protocols may have a significant rate of false negative diagnoses. This research develops optimized biopsy protocols. We use real prostate specimens removed by prostatectomy to develop a 3D distribution map of cancer in the prostate. We develop also a probability model of the needle insertion procedure. Using this model, the tumor map, and the geometry of the biopsy needle, we obtain estimates for the probability of obtaining a positive biopsy in various zones of prostates with cancer. Using this we develop a nonlinear optimization problem that determines the protocols that maximize the probability of cancer detection for a given number of needles, and present new optimized protocols.
Biogenetic-type rearrangements of terpenes.

A remarkable characteristic of naturally occurring terpenes is the bewildering array of carbocyclic structures. As of 1970 more than 200 different carbon skeletons had been identified (excluding nor metabolites), the structures varying from acyclic chains to hexacyclic ring systems and containing almost all ring sizes from three to fourteen members (1). Although a considerable number of the 200 are produced by oxidative transformations (e. g., ring cleavage) of pre-existing terpenes, a majority nevertheless represent primary structures formed in nature through multistep cyclization and rearrangement sequences originating from five basic acyclic precursors.
The regulation of the p53/MDM2 feedback loop by microRNAs

Tumor suppressor p53 and its signaling pathway play a central role in tumor prevention. The E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, which is a direct p53 transcriptional target and also the most critical negative regulator of p53, forms an autoregulatory negative feedback loop with p53 in the cell to tightly regulate the levels and activity of p53. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in the post-translational regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs directly regulate the levels of p53 or MDM2 to modulate the p53 function in tumor suppression. Recently, we identified miR-339-5p as a new miRNA that directly represses MDM2 to activate p53 and enhance p53 function in tumor suppression. Thus, miRNAs have become a new but important component of the p53 signaling pathway through regulating the p53/MDM2 feedback loop.
Statistics Applications of Subregion Adaptive Multiple Numerical Integration

Subregion adaptive integration algorithms can be used for the accurate and efficient solution of numerical multiple integration problems in statistics. The key to good solutions for these problems is the choice of an appropriate transformation from the infinite integration region for the original problem to a suitable finite region for the adaptive algorithm. After a discussion of some different types of transformations, several examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the combination of a good transformation choice with a subregion adaptive integration algorithm for solving statistics integration problems.
Non-equilibrium model of liquid column chromatography

A model for column chromatography that includes non-equilibrated mass transfer, diffusion, and generalized boundary conditions at the top of the column is solved by the method of moments. The theory predicts that as the macroscopic velocity u becomes very small, the plate height approaches a constant (rathe than diverging as u−1. As u increases, the plate height drops to a minimum and then increases. We show that the past assumptions that mass transfer and various types of diffusion contribute additively to the plate height, hold only at or beyond the minimum. We show further that our expression fits observed data with only a single adjustable lumped parameter. The parameter contains the mass transfer rate k−1 for moving out of a bead. The data fit, as well as an analytical approximation that we derive for the position of the minimum, provides a relation between k−1 and bead particle size (dp) and consequently between dp and profile dispersion. Conditions under which the peak of the elution profile is a good approximation to the mean are described. For a suitably chosen flow-rate, the mass transfer rates can be estimated from the observed dispersion in the elution profile.
ETICA EN ENFERMERÍA Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL PODER Y ORGANIZACIÓN DEL TRABAJO

Las dificultades enfrentadas en el cotidiano del trabajo de enfermeria, en especial en hospitales hansido denunciadas, sin embargo las implicancias eticas resultantes no estan siendo enfocadas o por lo menosdiscutidas a nivel de los trabajadores ni de los clientes. La organizacion del trabajo puede constituirse en unamayor fuente de sufrimiento para los trabajadores de enfermeria, lo cual se relaciona al ejercicio del poder delos diferentes actores involucrados en las instituciones de salud, lo cual puede provocar multiples problemasmorales y sufrimiento moral. Con este articulo, se tiene la intencion de explicitar por medio de una reflexioncritica, algunas relaciones entre la organizacion del trabajo de enfermeria, las relaciones de poder presentesy su dimension etica. Estrategias para el ejercicio etico de enfermeras y otros profesionales del equipo deenfermeria, en la organizacion del trabajo de las instituciones de salud, nos indican sobre la necesidad queestas profesionales ejerzan su poder, el cual esta moralmente fundamentado.DESCRIPTORES: etica de enfermeria; trabajo; poder (Psicologia); autonomia profesional
Voices from the Crimson Clouds Library: Reading Liu Rushi's (1618–1664) Misty Willows by Moonlit Dike

Misty Willows by Moonlit Dike , painted in 1643 by the celebrated courtesan-turned-gentry-lady Liu Yin (1618–1664, better known as Liu Rushi), and documented by the literary talent Qian Qianyi (1582–1664), serves as the definitive statement on the romantic and artistic union of this eminent pair of cultural figures precisely a year before the fall of the Ming dynasty. It also reflects upon a complex gender dimension in the expression of reclusion entangled with the trauma of dynastic transition. This is revealed, in part, by two additions to the scroll: a small landscape painting of eight years later dedicated to Liu by her close female associate, Huang Jieling (ca. 1620-ca. 1669), and a long commemorative preface that Qian Qianyi wrote for Huang in 1651 reminiscing on bygone glory through the topos of their beloved Jianyun Library that tragically burnt down in 1650. Through a close reading of Liu’s and Huang’s paintings and Qian’s inscriptions on the scroll, this article aims to explore the macrocultural milieu of the time by examining, on the one hand, these two female paradigms of reclusion, and on the other the collective sentiment and memory of the catastrophe of the Ming-Qing dynastic transition as voiced through words and images in their paintings, calligraphy, and the iconography of the willow.
Incontinence After Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy/Fistulotomy

Incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of fecal material and/or gas through the anal canal and may range widely in severity. Normal continence is maintained by a complex interaction of the anal sphincter muscles and pelvic floor innervation. Sphincterotomy and/or fistulotomy may result in unintended disruption of the anal sphincter complex with subsequent incontinence. Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) and fistulotomy are very effective treatments for chronic anal fissure (CAF) and fistula, respectively, with various techniques described for both. Varying degrees of success and rates of incontinence have also been reported for both procedures. Preoperative studies including anal manometry, endoanal ultrasonography, and/or MRI should be considered in individuals at increased risk of incontinence. Should continence issues develop postoperatively, significant symptomatic improvement may be achieved with conservative methods such as fiber and/or antidiarrheal agents. Biofeedback may be used if conservative management fails. For those individuals in whom conservative management fails, other options including injectables or implants may be appropriate to manage the incontinence.
Gender Differences in Undergraduates' Body Esteem: The Mediating Effect of Objectified Body Consciousness and Actual/Ideal Weight Discrepancy

Three hundred twenty-seven undergraduatemostlyEuropean American women and men were surveyed totest whether feminist theoryabout how women come to viewtheir bodies as objects to be watched (Objectified Body Consciousness or OBC) can be useful inexplaining gender differences in body esteem. The OBCscales (McKinley & Hyde, 1996) were demonstrated tobe distinct dimensions with acceptable reliabilities for men. Relationships between bodysurveillance, body shame, and body esteem were strongerfor women than for men. Women had higher surveillance,body shame, and actual/ideal weight discrepancy, andlower body esteem than did men. Multiple regressionanalysis found that gender differences in body esteemwere no longer significant when OBC was entered into theequation, supporting feminist theory about women's body experience.
First principles phase diagram calculations for the octahedral-interstitial system HfOX, 0≤X≤1/2

Abstract First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the hexagonal closest packed octahedral-interstitial solid solution system α HfO X ( α Hf [ ] 1 − X O X ; [ ] = vacancy; 0 ≤ X ≤ 1 / 2 ). The cluster expansion method was used to do a ground state analysis, and to calculate the phase diagram. The predicted diagram has four ordered ground-states in the range 0 ≤ X ≤ 1 / 2 , but one of these, at X = 5 / 12 , is predicted to disproportionate at T ≈ 220 K . At X ≈ 1 / 3 ( Hf 3 O ) and X ≈ 1 / 2 ( H f 2 O ), order-parameter vs. temperature plots evince cascades of closely related ordered structures that are suggestive of Devil’s Staircases.
Shape regression machine

We present a machine learning approach called shape regression machine (SRM) to segmenting in real time an anatomic structure that manifests a deformable shape in a medical image. Traditional shape segmentation methods rely on various assumptions. For instance, the deformable model assumes that edge defines the shape; the Mumford-Shah variational method assumes that the regions inside/outside the (closed) contour are homogenous in intensity; and the active appearance model assumes that shape/appearance variations are linear. In addition, they all need a good initialization. In contrast, SRM poses no such restrictions. It is a two-stage approach that leverages (a) the underlying medical context that defines the anatomic structure and (b) an annotated database that exemplifies the shape and appearance variations of the anatomy. In the first stage, it solves the initialization problem as object detection and derives a regression solution that needs just one scan in principle. In the second stage, it learns a nonlinear regressor that predicts the nonrigid shape from image appearance. We also propose a boosting regression approach that supports real time segmentation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SRM using experiments on segmenting the left ventricle endocardium from an echocardiogram of an apical four chamber view.
Functional differences between human formyl peptide receptor isoforms 26, 98, and G6

The formyl peptide receptor (FPR) is expressed in neutrophils, couples to Gi-proteins and activates phospholipase C, chemotaxis and cytotoxic cell functions. FPR isoforms 26, 98, and G6 differ from each other in amino acids 101, 192 and 346 (FPR-26: V101, N192, E346; FPR-98: L101, N192, A346; FPR-G6: V101, K192, A346), but the functional significance of those structural differences is unknown. In order to address this question, we analyzed FPR-26, FPR-98 and FPR-G6 by co-expressing recombinant FLAG epitope-tagged FPRs with the G-protein Giα2β1γ2 in Sf9 insect cells and measured high-affinity agonist binding and guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) binding. The B max values of high-affinity agonist binding with FPR-98 and FPR-G6 were much lower than with FPR-26. FPR-98 and FPR-G6 activated considerably fewer Gi-proteins, and were much less constitutively active, than FPR-26. Whereas FPR-26 migrated as a monomer in SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis, FPR-98 and FPR-G6 migrated as dimers and tetramers. In terms of immunoreactivity, FRP-98 and FPR-G6 were expressed at higher levels than FPR-26. Single amino acid exchanges at positions 101 (V→L), 192 (N→K) and 346 (E→A) in FPR-26 revealed that E346 accounts for FPR-26 migrating as a monomer and the high constitutive activity of FPR-26. The V101L, N192K and E346A exchanges all reduced high-affinity agonist binding and the number of Gi-proteins activated by FPR-26. We conclude that (i) FPR isoforms 98 and G6 exhibit a partial Gi-protein coupling defect relative to FPR-26 and that (ii) E346 critically determines constitutive activity, Gi-protein coupling and physical state of FPR-26.
The Mannich Reaction. Mechanistic and Technological Considerations

HE EARLIEST EXAMPLES of the Mannich reacT tion were published in succession by Tollens and co-workers (1, 2), Petrenko-Kritschenko and co-workers (3-6), and by Mannich and Krosche (7). Mannich was the first to recognize the reaction as a general one, and a detailed investigation was begun in 1917. The Mannich reaction was reviewed by Blicke (8), Karbe (9), Nobles (10, 1 l ) , Reichert (12), and others (13, 14) and it was the subject of recent books by Reichert (15) arid by IHellmann and Optiz (16). The Mannich reaction consists of the condensation of ammonia or a primary or secondary aminc usually as the hydrochloride salt, an aldehyde, and a compound capable of supplying one or more active hydrogen atoms. As a result of the reaction an aminomethyl group generally replaces the active hydrogen atom. Products of the condensation are known as “Mannich bases.” A typical condensation, with acetophenone as the active hydrogen compound, may be illustrated as in Scheme I. As cited in the excellent review by Blicke (8), multiple product formation is possible. For example, multiple aminomethylations may occur at the a-position of compounds such as acetophenone of the previous example, oiz., Scheme 11. Similarly, monoand disubslituted products including position isomers, result from multiple
The Antimicrobial Activity of Rifampin: Emphasis on the Relation to Phagocytes

Rifampin appears to be a uniquely effective antibiotic for the treatment of certain infections. Only rifampin, of nine antimicrobial agents studied, killed staphylococci inside polymorphonuclear neutrophils or Escherichia coli inside macrophages. Rifampin, unlike penicillin, penetrated living, intact neutrophils. Rifampin was more effective than other antistaphylococcal antibiotics for the treatment of staphylococcal infections induced by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous injection of the organisms into mice. Rifampin-resistant variants occur in low numbers among clinical isolates (frequency, 10(-8)), and some of these variants are diminished in virulence for mice. Treatment of infected mice with rifampin plus another antimicrobial agent prevented the emergence of resistant variants. Thus, there is firm in vitro and in vivo support for studies of the clinical efficacy of rifampin for staphylococcal infections.
A Quantitative Study of Differential Dyeing of Cotton as a Means of Elucidating Fiber Structure

An analytical procedure is described for placing the differential dye test for cotton fiber maturity on a quantitative and objective basis. The procedure involves the ex traction of the two dyes from a differentially dyed sample and spectrophotometrically analyzing the red and green dye uptake. The G/R value, defined as the ratio of green and red dye uptake, is shown to be a sensitive index of cotton fiber maturity. The mechanism of the differential dye test is discussed in terms of dyeing rates and fiber structure. The effects of swelling treatments on the differential dyeing test are also discussed.
A framework for evaluating community-based heart disease prevention programs

Abstract This paper reviews issues that arise in the evaluation of community-based heart disease prevention programs and offers suggestions for improving future evaluations of these programs. A framework encompassing the evaluation of process, impact and social relevance guides this discussion. The goal of the framework is to divide the question, “do community-based health programs work?”, into more easily answered evaluation questions. in doing so, interventions that promote the health of community residents are likely to be designed and implemented successfully.
Hemiartroplastia de cadera

Una fractura que puede cambiar el estilo de vida de su paciente. La revision de la anatomia, los tipos de fractura y los objetivos de la artroplastia le ayudara a proporcionar optimos cuidados a este tipo de pacientes
The influence of physical exercise and intravenous heparin on plasmatic concentration of platelet factor 4 in young survivors of myocardial infarction

Les auteurs etudient la possibilite d'une influence d'un exercice controle, sur l'activite endogene plasmatique type «heparine». Un exercice physique accroit la concentration du facteur plaquettaire 4 qui possede un effet inhibiteur de l'heparine, parallelement, il accroit la fluidite sanguine. L'injection intraveineuse d'heparine accroit de facon significative les taux de PF4
Structural Response of Pervious Concrete Pavement Systems Using Falling Weight Deflectometer Testing and Analysis

Although pervious concrete material properties, mix design, and storm water applications are well documented in the literature, the structural behavior of pervious concrete pavement systems has not been investigated. A parking lot was constructed in which traditional impervious concrete was used on half of the parking lot and pervious concrete was used on the other half. The traditional concrete layer was placed on natural subgrade. The pervious concrete portion was divided into two sections with two pervious concrete mixtures and aggregate base thicknesses of 300 and 450 mm. To better understand the behavior of traditional and pervious concrete pavement systems of the parking lot, the subgrade soil properties were characterized by using plate load testing and nuclear density gauge. Furthermore, the aggregate base layers used in the pervious concrete systems were characterized by using plate load testing. After constructing the parking lot, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing was performed on the t...
Reciprocal Size−Effect Relationship of the Key Residues in Determining Regio- and Stereospecificities of DHEA Hydroxylase Activity in P450 2a5

Collectively, the P450 2a4/2a5 system hyrdoxylates DHEA in at least three positions (7alpha, 7beta, and 2alpha). An individual P450, however, exhibits high specificity to one of these products. Using site-directed mutagenesis of mP450 2a5 from the wild mouse Mus minutoides and bacterial expression, we have associated the function of residues 117, 209, and 481 with the respective specificity observed in each P450. Ala at position 117 determines the 7beta-hydroxylase activity, whereas Val at this position defines the 2alpha-hydroxylase activity. Leu at position 209 is essential for high DHEA 7alpha-hydroxylase activity. The substitutions of residue 481 with various hydrophobic amino acids elicited a profound alteration of the specific hydroxylation rates, but did not influence the regio- and stereospecificities at either of the three positions of DHEA. The alterations caused by residue 481 also depended on the residue identity at position 117 or 209. The results indicate that the sizes of several key residues obey a concerted reciprocal relationship whereby the substrate pocket of the P450s adjusts to accommodate DHEA. A limited molecular modeling study successfully correlates DHEA binding to experimental DHEA hydroxylase activities for a series of mutants at key positions.
Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Diarylalkynes by Layer-Segregated Platinum−Ruthenium Cluster Complexes Pt3Ru6(CO)20(μ3-RC2R)(μ3-H)(μ-H)

It has been found that the layer-segregated platinum−ruthenium cluster complex Pt3Ru6(CO)20(μ3-PhC2Ph)(μ3-H)(μ-H), 2a, is an effective catalyst for the hydrosilylation of diphenylacetylene by triethylsilane to yield (E)-[(1,2-diphenyl)ethenyl]triethylsilane at a turnover frequency, TOF (TON/h), of 29 h-1. The activation parameters, ΔH ⧧ = 17(2) kcal/mol and ΔS ⧧ = −18(5) eu, were established. Small amounts of cis-stilbene were also formed. A kinetic analysis showed the reaction is first order in cluster and silane concentrations but zero order in alkyne concentration. The reaction is strongly inhibited by CO but is unaffected by mercury. A mechanism involving CO dissociation, silane oxidative addition, alkyne addition, a Si−C bond-forming step, and silylolefin dissociation is proposed with all transformations occurring at a ruthenium triangle. Pt3Ru6(CO)20(μ3-TolC2Tol)(μ3-H)(μ-H), 2b, was also found to be an effective catalyst for the hydrosilylation of TolC2Tol to (E)-Tol(H)C2(SiEt3)Tol, TOF of 32 h-1. R...