cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Relaxin Treatment on Skeletal Muscle Injuries

Background: Injured skeletal muscle can repair itself via spontaneous regeneration; however, the overproduction of extracellular matrix and excessive collagen deposition lead to fibrosis. Neutralization of the effect of transforming growth factor-β1, a key fibrotic cytokine, on myogenic cell differentiation after muscle injury can prevent fibrosis, enhance muscle regeneration, and thereby improve the functional recovery of injured muscle.Hypothesis: The hormone relaxin, a member of the family of insulin-like growth factors, can act as an antifibrosis agent and improve the healing of injured muscle.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: In vitro: Myoblasts (C2C12 cells) and myofibroblasts (transforming growth factor-β1-transfected myoblasts) were incubated with relaxin, and cell growth and differentiation were examined. Myogenic and fibrotic protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. In vivo: Relaxin was injected intramuscularly at different time points after laceration injury....
First Workshop on the Economics of Software and Computation

Software and the computational behaviors it defines are increasingly important sources of both economic costs and benefits for companies, governments and individuals. Nevertheless, our ability to reason about the economics of software and computation to improve decision-making remains primitive. The Workshop on the Economics of Software and Computation (ESC) provides a forum for research discussions in this area.
Chemical composition of mangrove-generated brines in Bishop Harbor, Florida: Interactions with submarine groundwater discharge

Locations and compositions of submarine ground water discharge (SGD), which constitutes sources to coastal zones of low salinity water, terrestrial contaminants, and solutes with concentrations elevated by diagenetic reactions, may be altered in tropical settings where widespread mangrove forests increase salinity of shallow pore waters through evapotranspiration. The red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) is ubiquitous in Bishop Harbor on the west coast of Florida, where sampling at four sites shows salinities of pore waters increase to three times the average marine values at depths up to 160 cm below the sediment–water interface in and around the mangroves. The increase in salinity is greatest in open areas within the mangrove forests, while seaward of the forest, the salinity remains near the values of the surface water. Major element concentrations (Cl − ,S O4− ,N a + ,K + ,M g 2+ , and Ca 2+ ) increase with salinity, but the depth profiles of major element/Cl − ratios vary across the area. The two sites located closest to the mainland have the greatest increase in salinity and are the only sites with major element/Cl − ratios that vary with depth in the sediment, reflecting in situ diagenesis. In contrast, the sites located farthest from the mainland have constant major element/Cl − ratios with depth but with values less than seawater ratios. Low ratios suggest that a non-marine source of water, possibly meteoric, mixes with pore water at these sites before salinity increases through evapotranspiration. If the water is meteoric, the seepage face is located farther from the coast than regions without mangrove forests. The steep salinity gradients indicate that the water bypasses the seepage face by transportation through the mangroves. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Technical Note-A Class of Stochastic Mathematical Programs with Correlated Scale Parameters in the Objective and Right-Hand Side

This note studies a class of stochastic programs with scale parameters in the objective function and right-hand side. Linear programs are an important special case of this class. The scale parameters are a pair of jointly distributed random variables. The basic issue addressed is the type of biases introduced by replacing the random variables by their expected values. As one would expect, the covariance between the random variables is of central importance. Depending upon the sign of the covariance, the objective value of the program, in which the random variables are replaced by their expected values, is greater or lesser than the expected objective function value of the stochastic program.
Reactive oxygen species and temperature stresses: A delicate balance between signaling and destruction

Temperature stress can have a devastating effect on plant metabolism, disrupting cellular homeostasis, and uncoupling major physiological processes. A direct result of stress-induced cellular changes is the enhanced accumulation of toxic compounds in cells that include reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although a considerable amount of work has shown a direct link between ROS scavenging and plant tolerance to temperature stress, recent studies have shown that ROS could also play a key role in mediating important signal transduction events. Thus, ROS, such as superoxide (O2–), are produced by NADPH oxidases during abiotic stress to activate stress-response pathways and induce defense mechanisms. The rates and cellular sites of ROS production during temperature stress could play a central role in stress perception and protection. ROS levels, as well as ROS signals, are thought to be controlled by the ROS gene network of plants. It is likely that in plants this network is interlinked with the different networks that control temperature stress acclimation and tolerance. In this review paper, we attempt to summarize some of the recent studies linking ROS and temperature stress in plants and propose a model for the involvement of ROS in temperature stress sensing and defense.
Estimating wafer processing cycle time using an improved G/G/M queue

Wafer processing cycle times have been successfully calculated using the basic G/G/m queue by relying on historical data to determine the required variability component. The basic equation was found to work well for a highly utilized factory but provided less accurate results at low factory utilization points. Implementation of an improved G/G/m queue as suggested by existing research has resulted in improved correlation with factory performance even during times of lower factory utilization. An overview of the original implementation is presented, followed by the equation for the improved G/G/m queue, its implementation, and subsequent validation results.
The Self-Reported Effects of Crisis Intervention Work on School Psychologists

Documenting the effects of crisis intervention work on school psychologists was the primary purpose of this study. To examine these effects a sample of 400 randomly selected school psychologists were surveyed. Half of the surveys were returned. Among respondents who had previously participated in a crisis intervention, just over 90% reported one or more of 37 specific negative reactions following crisis intervention work. Physical reactions in general and fatigue/ exhaustion in particular were the most frequently reported reactions. All respondents reported use of self-care strategies and 94% viewed these strategies as important. Implications of these findings for the practice of school psychology are discussed.
Characterization of biomedical antennas for microwave heating, radiometry, and implant communication applications

Because of the large real permittivity and significant conductivity of biological tissues at microwave frequencies, the performance of microwave antennas loaded with the tissues is very different from that in air. Moreover, for performing heating and radiometry inside the tissues, the specific absorption rate (SAR) profile generated in the near-field of the antennas is the quantity of interest rather than the radiation pattern. On the other hand, for medical implants, the SAR profile and the tissue loss are undesired effects, but are unavoidable and greatly impact the radiation property and the gain of the antennas. This paper highlights some of these mentioned issues. It presents planar antennas utilized for an intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) implant and radiometer/heating antennas applied for the measurement of blood perfusion. Measurement setups and/or procedures for the characterization of the antennas will be discussed as well.
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Self-Encoded Spread Spectrum System with Iterative Detection

Self-encoded spread spectrum (SESS) is a novel modulation technique that acquires its spreading sequence from the randomness of an input data stream rather than through the use of the traditional pseudo-random (PN) code generator. The statistical properties of random codes in SESS offer a number of advantages over the deterministic PN codes. In this paper we propose a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) SESS system that employs iterative detection to exploit the inherent time diversity in SESS modulation. Alamouti scheme-based spacetime block coded MIMO technique is used to exploit the spatial diversity. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system can completely mitigate the fading effect to achieve about 7.5 dB of gain over a PN-coded spread spectrum MIMO system in Rayleigh fading channels.
THE INFLUENCES OF GENDER, RACE AND ETHNICITY ON WORKPLACE EXPERIENCES OF INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIAL ISOLATION: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF UNIVERSITY FACULTY

ABSTRACT Racial and ethnic minorities and women in the professoriate have already achieved a level of career success to overcome obstacles and negotiate the educational process. Still, their experiences differ from their white male counterparts. They lag behind in terms of pay and mobility, and research on other occupations reveals that even “successful” minorities experience the workplace organization differently from white men (Nkomo and Cox 1990; Yoder and Aniakudo, 1997). Our study extends research in this area in two ways. First, we ask, to what extent do women and minorities in the professoriate experience the workplace differently from white men as evidenced in feelings of institutional and social isolation, and intention to turnover? Second, we avoid homogenizing racial and ethnic minority groups into a single “nonwhite” category. Thus, in exploring experiences of isolation, we distinguish among a wider range of racial, ethnic and gender groups. While we had insufficient numbers to look at a large...
The Importance of Menaquinones in Human Nutrition

Bacterially produced menaquinones, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinones with an unsaturated polyisoprenoid chain at the 3-position, are biologically active forms of vitamin K that are present in high concentrations in the human lower bowel. Menaquinones are found in human liver and circulate in human plasma at much higher concentrations than previously thought. Numerous case reports of antibiotic-induced, vitamin K-responsive hypothrombinemias have been taken as evidence that menaquinones contribute importantly to satisfying the human vitamin K requirement. However, more recent production of symptoms of vitamin K insufficiency in normal human subjects by dietary restriction of vitamin K argues against their nutritional significance. Current data support the view that menaquinones may partially satisfy the human requirement but that their contribution is much less than previously thought.
Pet Sounds: Subsystems, Regimes, Policy Punctuations, and the Neglect of African American Farmers, 1935–2006

Punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) has reoriented the study of public policy and American politics in particular. In this study, we documented how a policy punctuation that appears to take hold at the macro level of the polity in the form of a policy regime has difficulty penetrating subsystem politics. We drew on subsystems theory, PET, and the latest work on policy regimes to document the resistance of the agriculture subsystem to efforts to add a civil rights dimension to agriculture policy between 1935 and 2006. We concluded that the issue evolution of agricultural support programs, and their insulation from civil rights policy, is a prime example of how subsystems use negative feedback to resist change.
The effects of rheological layering on post‐seismic deformation

SUMMARY We examine the effects of rheological layering on post-seismic deformation using models of an elastic layer over a viscoelastic layer and a viscoelastic half-space. We extend a general linear viscoelastic theory we have previously proposed to models with two layers over a half-space, although we only consider univiscous Maxwell and biviscous Burgers rheologies. In layered viscoelastic models, there are multiple mechanical timescales of post-seismic deformation; however, not all of these timescales arise as distinct phases of post-seismic relaxation observed at the surface. The surface displacements in layered models with only univiscous, Maxwell viscoelastic rheologies always exhibit one exponential-like phase of relaxation. Layered models containing biviscous rheologies may produce multiple phases of relaxation, where the distinctness of the phases depends on the geometry and the contrast in strengths between the layers. Post-seismic displacements in models with biviscous rheologies can often be described by logarithmic functions.
Dimensional modelling of icebergs

Abstract This paper describes three theoretical shape moders for a subset of icebergs typical of the Eastern Arctic. Methods for approximating the shapes of reasonably well-behaved surfaces are given. Shape-related iceberg parameters are discussed in terms of the moders and the integrals necessary to compute mass, centre of gravity, centre of buoyancy, and moments of inertia are shown to be computational procedures directly applicable to small shipboard computers. Iceberg orientational stability is discussed from the points of view of metacentric height and potential energy.
Teaching thinking skills: The “what” and the “how” of young children's thinking

This review illustrates current perspectives on young children's thinking, from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. Relevant findings from both cognitive developmental and information processing literatures are discussed. Specific abilities of preschoolers are highlighted, and practical suggestions are offered from both perspectives.
Generation and control of gait patterns in a simulated horse

A description of equine gait is introduced. It allows for convenient modeling and visualization of the intra-limb leg and body motions of the horse as well as control of the gaits by rider inputs. The rider inputs feed into a neural network, the outputs of which feed into a gait simulator which controls the gait by means of a parameterized augmented finite state machine (PAFSM). The design of the PAFSM, the architecture of the overall system and the results obtained to date are presented. The simulation runs on a Silicon Graphics IrisCrimson VGXT. >
Timing Analysis in a Logic Synthesis Environment

A goal of a logic synthesis system is the automatic generation of area optimised designs that meet timing requirements. The design process involves repeated timing analyses followed by appropriate modifications. We present fast new algorithms for system level timing analysis and for the generation of timing constraints to guide the re-design of portions of combinational logic. Our systematic approach correctly models designs that incorporate level sensitive latches controlled by multi-frequency, as well as simple multi-phase, clocks. A new feature is that the minimum number of settling times are evaluated for the nodes of combinational networks with input transitions controlled by different clock signals. The computer program Hummingbird uses the algorithms presented. Hummingbird interfaces with other programs in the Berkeley Synthesis System through the OCT data base. For a digital signal processing chip, comprising 3681 standard cells, timing analysis is performed in 14.87 cpu seconds on a VAX 8800 running the ULTRIX operating system.
Studies of the Antigenic Relationships of the New Human Papovaviruses by Electron Microscopy Agglutination

Virus-antibody interactions observed by electron microscopy show that new human papovavirus isolates are antigenically distinct, but share common antigens.
Designing and Positioning Food Services for Multicultural Markets

People waiting in an airport are far from being a captive audience, and it behooves food-service operators to determine what those customers want.
Association of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus with Genital Tract Mucosal Immune Factors in HIV-Infected Women.

Problem High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is prevalent in HIV-infected women and may be associated with mucosal changes that promote HIV replication. Method of study Innate immune molecules, antimicrobial activity, HIV RNA, and HPV DNA genotypes were measured in a cross-sectional study of 128 HIV-infected women categorized into HPV-16 (n = 8), other HR-HPV (n = 41), and non-HR-HPV controls (n = 79). Results Compared to controls, HR-HPV groups had higher plasma viral loads (P = 0.004), lower CD4 cells (P = 0.02), more genital tract HIV RNA (P = 0.03), greater number of different HPV types (P < 0.001), higher cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) IL-1α (P = 0.03) and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD2) (P = 0.049), and less anti-HIVBal activity (P = 0.03). HPV-16 remained significantly associated with higher HBD2 (P = 0.03), higher IL-1α (P = 0.009), and lower anti-HIVBaL activity (P = 0.03) compared to controls after adjusting for plasma viral load and CD4 T cell count. Conclusion HR-HPV is associated with mucosal changes in HIV-infected women that could adversely impact genital tract health.
Oscillation mode identification based on wide-area ambient measurements using multivariate empirical mode decomposition

Abstract Wide-area synchrophasor ambient measurements provide a valuable data source for real-time oscillation mode monitoring and analysis. This paper introduces a novel method for identifying inter-area oscillation modes using wide-area ambient measurements. Based on multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD), which can analyze multi-channel non-stationary and nonlinear signals, the proposed method is capable of detecting the common oscillation mode that exists in multiple synchrophasor measurements at low amplitudes. Test results based on two real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Spleen cell populations in Hodgkin's disease.

Hodgkin’s disease (HD) remains one of the most baffling and poorly understood of the human lymphomas. The number of theories advanced to account for the aetiology of this disease are legendary, ranging from the early attempts to line it to tuberculosis (1), to more recent searches for a viral agent (2). As regards the nature of the neoplastic cell, the last two years have seen proposals that the HD cell is a macrophage (3,4), a T cell (5), a B cell (6) and a dendritic cell (7).
The Price-Quality Relationship in an Experimental Setting:

Although management assumes a relationship between price and quality when making decisions about pricing and when acting against price cutting within distribution channels, little research on this ...
Ice nucleation activity of diesel soot particles at Cirrus relevant temperature conditions: Effects of hydration, secondary organics coating, soot morphology, and coagulation

Ice formation by diesel soot particles was investigated at temperatures ranging from −40 to −50°C. Size-selected soot particles were physically and chemically aged in an environmental chamber, and their ice nucleating properties were determined using a continuous flow diffusion type ice nucleation chamber. Bare (freshly formed), hydrated, and compacted soot particles, as well as α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA)-coated soot particles at high relative humidity conditions, showed ice formation activity at subsaturation conditions with respect to water but below the homogeneous freezing threshold conditions. However, SOA-coated soot particles at dry conditions were observed to freeze at homogeneous freezing threshold conditions. Overall, our results suggest that heterogeneous ice nucleation activity of freshly emitted diesel soot particles are sensitive to some of the aging processes that soot can undergo in the atmosphere.
Justifying Expenditures for Entomological Research

A summary of facts which justify federal and state expenditures for entomological research, with special reference to the many indirect benefits to Agriculture, other than the control of insects, which have resulted from studies on insects and insect control.
Partial T-cell receptor gene rearrangement: A source of pseudo-clonal populations in thymomas and other thymic tissues

The differentiation of thymocytes into mature post-thymic T cells requires rearrangement of T-cell antigen receptor genes from germline to a spectrum of spliced configurations encoding functional receptors. In the T-cell receptor beta chain locus, this process occurs via a hierarchical series of recombination events, linking "diversity" and "joining" segments, then "variable" and "diversity" segments. The authors report Southern blot analysis of the T-cell receptor beta locus in normal human thymic tissue after restriction digestion with Bam HI identifying rearranged DNA fragments in 5 of 6 samples, which probably represent an intermediate deletion joining D beta 1 to a J beta 2 segment without rearrangement of the upstream V region. Hybridization intensity was in the range of 5% to 30% of represented DNA. Reduction of signal from bands containing C beta 1 and J beta 2 sequences after Eco RI and Hind III digestion was consistent with this model. A probe specific for J beta 1 did not hybridize with the rearranged fragment while J beta 2 specific sequences did not hybridize with the rearranged fragment while J beta 2 specific sequences did, indicating a deletion of the region of J beta 1, but limited to sequences upstream of J beta 2. Most peripheral lymphoid specimens do not demonstrate similar rearranged DNA fragments, however T-cell-rich populations may do so. Analysis of 31 additional surgically resected thymic tissues and three polyclonal T-cell-rich peripheral lymphoid specimens revealed a similarly rearranged fragment in 13 of 14 thymuses with follicular hyperplasia; 6 of 9 thymomas; 5 of 6 malignant (invasive) thymomas; 0 of 2 thymic carcinomas; and, at very low abundance, in 3 of 3 peripheral T-cell populations. Because this nongermline T-cell receptor gene apparently reflects polyclonal incomplete rearrangement, rather than clonality, awareness of this phenomenon may help prevent erroneous diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma for mediastinal lymphoid lesions with an apparent "clonal" T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. If the intermediate deletion is derived from an ongoing process, the data suggest that in many cases neoplastic thymic epithelium may retain functions necessary not only to support a resident thymocyte population, but also to activate ongoing T-cell differentiation. Alternatively, the intermediate deletion may derive from abandoned non-productive rearrangements.
Design of Mine-used Intrinsically Safe Industrial Control Computer Based on ARM

In view of shortcomings of bad man-machine interface and less communication interfaces of monitoring device based on MCU,the paper put forward a design scheme of mine-used intrinsic ally safe industrial control computer based on ARM,and introduced design of hardware and software and extension methods of interface of the control computer in details.The practical application showed that the control computer is stable and reliable and has friendly interface.
Prefrontal Neurons Encode Actions and Outcomes in Conjunction with Spatial Location in Rats Performing a Dynamic Delayed Non-Match to Position Task

To respond adaptively to change organisms must utilize information about recent events and environmental context to select actions that are likely to produce favorable outcomes. We developed a dynamic delayed nonmatching to position task to study the influence of spatial context on event-related activity of medial prefrontal cortex neurons during reinforcement-guided decision-making. We found neurons with responses related to preparation, movement, lever press responses, reinforcement, and memory delays. Combined event-related and video tracking analyses revealed variability in spatial tuning of neurons with similar event-related activity. While all correlated neurons exhibited spatial tuning broadly consistent with relevant task events, for instance reinforcement-related activity concentrated in locations where reinforcement was delivered, some had elevated activity in more specific locations, for instance reinforcement-related activity in one of several locations where reinforcement was delivered. Timing analyses revealed a limited set of distinct response types with activity time-locked to critical behavioral events that represent the temporal organization of dDNMTP trials. Our results suggest that reinforcement-guided decision-making emerges from discrete populations of medial prefrontal neurons that encode information related to planned or ongoing movements and actions and anticipated or actual action-outcomes in conjunction with information about spatial context.
The Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene Occurs on a Minichromosome with Extensive Heteroplasmy in Two Species of Chewing Lice, Geomydoecus aurei and Thomomydoecus minor.

In animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typically occurs as a single circular chromosome with 13 protein-coding genes and 22 tRNA genes. The various species of lice examined previously, however, have shown mitochondrial genome rearrangements with a range of chromosome sizes and numbers. Our research demonstrates that the mitochondrial genomes of two species of chewing lice found on pocket gophers, Geomydoecus aurei and Thomomydoecus minor, are fragmented with the 1,536 base-pair (bp) cytochrome-oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene occurring as the only protein-coding gene on a 1,916–1,964 bp minicircular chromosome in the two species, respectively. The cox1 gene of T. minor begins with an atypical start codon, while that of G. aurei does not. Components of the non-protein coding sequence of G. aurei and T. minor include a tRNA (isoleucine) gene, inverted repeat sequences consistent with origins of replication, and an additional non-coding region that is smaller than the non-coding sequence of other lice with such fragmented mitochondrial genomes. Sequences of cox1 minichromosome clones for each species reveal extensive length and sequence heteroplasmy in both coding and noncoding regions. The highly variable non-gene regions of G. aurei and T. minor have little sequence similarity with one another except for a 19-bp region of phylogenetically conserved sequence with unknown function.
Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing to Improve Psychotropic Medication Adherence in Adolescents

Abstract Problem: Medication adherence rates in adolescents are poor. The World Health Organization identified that those at greatest risk were nonwhite adolescents with depression. Medication nonadherence results in poorer mental health outcomes. Objective: The first aim of the study was to investigate if two motivational interviewing (MI) sessions would improve medication adherence in adolescents taking antidepressants and mood stabilizers. The second aim was to evaluate if attitudes toward medication correlated with adherence. The third aim was to determine if self-reported adherence scores were similar to electronic adherence data collected. Methods: The quasi-experimental study contained an MI intervention, including a baseline and postintervention assessment of adherence over 30 days. A total of 48 adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 18 years, were recruited from a university mental health center to participate in the study; 41 completed the study. Four nurse practitioners and two child psychiatr...
New development of nanoimprint technology

Summary form only given. In this paper, the Step-and-Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL), pattern replication is done non-traditionally by mechanical deforming the resist materials, which completely free itself from the resolution-limiting factors such as light diffraction or beam scattering that are often inherent with the more traditional approaches. Nanoimprint has the capability of patterning sub-10 nm structures, yet only entails simple equipment setup and easy processing. We also developed a reversed imprinting technique that allows nanopattering on flexible substrate and on non-flat surfaces, as well as the creation of 3D polymer nanostructures.
Workplace Religious Displays and Perceptions of Organization Attractiveness

Workplace religious expression has become an intensely debated topic across news outlets and social media. However research on what constitutes acceptable vs unacceptable workplace religious display is sparse. At a time when EEOC claims involving religion are on the rise there is a clear need for study in this area. In this study participants in two samples read 27 scenarios where an interviewer engaged in a Christian religious display during a job interview. We used Christian religious displays for their ease of recognition in an American sample. Participants rated each workplace religious display in terms of likelihood of occurrence and organization attractiveness. In both samples organization attractiveness ratings were more negative than expected in a predominantly Christian sample signifying that while individuals may value their ability to express their religion they may not appreciate such displays from those who represent an organization. Verbal and physical religious displays received more negative ratings compared to scenarios that spoke to shared experiences such as displaying pictures of one’s children in a religious ceremony. Application in organizations and HR implications are discussed.
C6-Deficient Mice Are Protected From the Pathogenic Effects of Antiphospholipid Antibodies.

Abstract 147 Background: The pathogenic mechanisms mediated by antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies are only partially understood. Tissue factor (TF) upregulation has been shown to play an important role and recent studies have demonstrated that mice deficient in complement C3, C5 or C5a receptor (R) are resistant to the thrombogenic effects of aPL antibodies. The complement membrane attack (C5b-9 MAC) complex has been shown to bind specific receptors, to induce TF expression and to exert procoagulant effect in various cell types (i.e. endothelial cells). However whether C5b-9 MAC plays a role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is unknown. Here we addressed that question by studying the effects of human aPL antibodies on thrombosis and TF upregulation in C6 deficient (−/−) mice. Methods: C6 deficient (−/−) mice and the corresponding wild-type (WT) mice C3H/HeJ (C6+/+) were injected twice with 500γg/ml IgG isolated from a patient with APS (IgG-APS) or with the corresponding control IgG-NHS. Seventy-two h after the first injection the size of induced thrombi in the femoral vein, IgG anticardiolipin (ACL) activity in the sera were determined. TF activity was determined in homogenates of carotid arteries and in peritoneal macrophages using a chromogenic assay. Results: Thrombus sizes were significantly larger in WT mice C6 (+/+) treated with IgG-APS when compared with C6 (+/+) mice treated with IgG-NHS ( p = p = p = 0.786), Similarly, upregulation of TF activity in carotid arteries homogenates and in peritoneal macrophages in C6 (+/+) mice treated with IgG-APS were significantly diminished in C6 (−/−) mice (p=0.036 and p=0.041, respectively). All mice injected with IgG-APS had medium-high titers of aCL in their serum (see Table) Conclusions: These data indicate that the C6 component of the complement system mediates aPL-thrombogenic effects and not only underscore the importance of complement activation by aPL antibodies, but also propose its inhibition as a possibly novel therapeutic target for thrombosis in APS . Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Acceptance of the Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2003

Mr. President, Members of the Society, and Guests: Alex, thank you so much for the wonderful introduction. I also want to thank Nancy Ross, Ross Angel, Rus Hemley, Sorena Sorensen, and Hanna Nekvasil for all they have done to make this occasion so exciting for Gretchen and me, and especially for the reception we all attended on Sunday night. It is customary for Roebling Medalists to tell something about their background and how they happened to become involved in the science of mineralogy, crystallography, and/or petrology. Thus, I will follow this custom and try to highlight in this short time some of the influences that guided me into my career that has been based primarily on mineralogy and crystallography. I grew up on a farm near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, a small town of about 5000 people, but one having a wide range of interests and one I look back upon with great fondness. My father and mother were very supportive of my interests, and from an early age I was more comfortable with mechanical rather than agricultural pursuits. In high school, my primary mentor was Tiny Jones, the football and basketball coach as well as the teacher of chemistry and physics. Tiny terrified many of the students with his tempestuous personality, but for some reason I got along well with him and thrived in his chemistry and physics courses. Although I was a mediocre football player, Tiny didnt seem to hold that against me. In the early part of my senior year in high school, I became interested in metallurgical engineering because a former graduate came back to the school and told about his experiences in this field at the University of Kentucky. However, my life was changed completely when, later during my senior year, I read an article in …
Mucosal Healing in Clinical Practice: A Single-Center Pediatric IBD Experience.

Background Mucosal healing (MH) is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). MH as a target for treatment has been suggested, although there is little pediatric data. The goal of this study was to evaluate MH in clinical practice in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission. Methods A retrospective review of electronic health record data was performed on all patients with CD or UC who underwent at least 2 colonoscopies from 2010 through 2016. Only patients in clinical remission undergoing a scope for MH were included in our study. The incidence of MH and histologic healing (HH) was analyzed, along with cumulative rates of MH in each group. MH was defined by both physician assessment of MH and an endoscopic score of zero for CD and UC. Results A total of 76 patients with CD and 28 patients with UC underwent at least one MH scope while in clinical remission. Of the 76 patients with CD, 51 patients (67%) demonstrated MH by physician assessment, 34 patients (45%) demonstrated MH by a simple endoscopic score for CD of zero, and 35 patients (46%) demonstrated HH. Of the 28 patients with UC, 20 patients (71%) demonstrated MH by physician assessment, 10 patients (36%) demonstrated MH by a Mayo score of zero, and 10 patients (36%) demonstrated HH. Nineteen patients underwent a second MH scope and 11 (58%) demonstrated MH by physician assessment, 7 patients (37%) demonstrated MH by simple endoscopic score for CD or Mayo scores of zero, and 5 patients (26%) demonstrated HH. Of those patients with active disease, 21 of 25 patients with CD underwent escalation of therapy, whereas 8 of 8 patients with UC underwent escalation of therapy. Cumulative rates of MH when defined by physician assessment were 79% (60 of 76 patients) in CD and 79% (22 of 28 patients) in UC. Conclusions MH is feasible in pediatric CD and UC, and rates of cumulative MH in pediatric patients are similar to previously published adult data. In children with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission, approximately one-third demonstrate active disease at endoscopy.
Pituitary Lactotroph Disorders

Prolactin was first isolated and purified in humans in 1970, followed thereafter by the development of a radioimmunoassay to measure its serum levels. Prolactin, produced by lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary, is regulated by the inhibitory effects of hypothalamic dopamine. Prolactin is a single polypeptide containing 198 amino acid residues. The prolactin gene, identified in 1981, is located on chromosome 6, the locus of human leukocyte antigen. Although there is significant homology among the amino acid sequences of the lactogenic hormones prolactin, human growth hormone, and human placental lactogen, only prolactin is essential for human milk production. Within the anterior pituitary, lactotrophs constitute 40 to 50% of the total pituitary cell population. Hyperprolactinemia is the most common endocrine disorder of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, occurring mostly in women who present with amenorrhea and galactorrhea.
Graphene-SGX: a practical library OS for unmodified applications on SGX

Intel SGX hardware enables applications to protect themselves from potentially-malicious OSes or hypervisors. In cloud computing and other systems, many users and applications could benefit from SGX. Unfortunately, current applications will not work out-of-the-box on SGX. Although previous work has shown that a library OS can execute unmodified applications on SGX, a belief has developed that a library OS will be ruinous for performance and TCB size, making application code modification an implicit prerequisite to adopting SGX. This paper demonstrates that these concerns are exaggerated, and that a fully-featured library OS can rapidly deploy unmodified applications on SGX with overheads comparable to applications modified to use "shim" layers. We present a port of Graphene to SGX, as well as a number of improvements to make the security benefits of SGX more usable, such as integrity support for dynamically-loaded libraries, and secure multiprocess support. Graphene-SGX supports a wide range of unmodified applications, including Apache, GCC, and the R interpreter. The performance overheads of Graphene-SGX range from matching a Linux process to less than 2× in most single-process cases; these overheads are largely attributable to current SGX hardware or missed opportunities to optimize Graphene internals, and are not necessarily fundamental to leaving the application unmodified. Graphene-SGX is open-source and has been used concurrently by other groups for SGX research.
Tricks for noncovalent catalysis

Catalysis is an important strategy in the syntheses of societally relevant molecules; it is estimated that 90% of chemical processes rely on catalysts ( 1 ). Catalytic methods for the construction of chiral molecules, compounds that can exist as mirror image isomers, are critical in the syntheses of bioactive molecules such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals ( 2 , 3 ). Mirror-image isomers (enantiomers) can have substantially different biological properties, so the selective synthesis of just one enantiomer is desirable. On page 761 of this issue, Banik et al. ( 4 ) describe an inventive catalytic approach that combines hydrogen-bond donors and Lewis acids to generate enhanced catalytic species able to effect new types of enantioselective reactions.
Neurofilament light, biomarkers, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Sandelius et al.1 identify neurofilament light (NfL) as a potential biomarker for different types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) in the current issue of Neurology ®. NfL is increased in CSF and serum in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and multiple sclerosis (MS).1 The reader may question, therefore, what is so special about it being identified as a biomarker for yet another disorder. The answer is that clinical trials are emerging for several CMT forms and the lack of a nerve-specific biomarker has been a limiting factor in designing and performing these trials.
Multiplexed molecular imaging with topically applied SERS nanoparticles for endoscopy and surgical guidance

We demonstrate that topical staining and spectral imaging of fresh tissues with a mixture of biomarker-targeted SERS nanoparticles allows for rapid (~15 min) detection of tumors in rat esophagi or at the surgical margin surfaces.
Shaping molecular diversity.

Certain drug targets have been deemed undruggable because of the difficulty in finding pharmacologically useful inhibitors. Now, two teams have developed exciting technologies for the creation of diverse collections of macrocyclic molecules and have demonstrated their usefulness for discovering macrocyclic inhibitors.
The Scattering Matrix and its Meromorphic Continuation in the Stark Effect Case

Quantum scattering in the presence of a constant electric field (‘Stark effect’) is considered. It is shown that the scattering matrix has a meromorphic continuation in the energy variable to the entire complex plane as an operator on L2(R n-1). The allowed potentials V form a general subclass of potentials that are short-range relative to the free Stark Hamiltonian: Roughly, the potential vanishes at infinity, and admits a decomposition $$V = V_\mathcal{A} + V_e$$ , where $$V_\mathcal{A}$$ is analytic in a sector with $$V_\mathcal{A} (x) = O(\left\langle {x_{} } \right\rangle ^{ - 1/2 - \varepsilon } )$$ , and $$V_e (x) = O({\text{e}}^{\mu x_1 } )$$ , for x1 0. These potentials include the Coulomb potential. The wave operators used to define the scattering matrix are the two Hilbert space wave operators.
Regenerative Medicine and the Foreign Body Response

The host response, and in particular the innate immune response, is critical to the successful application of tissue engineering to the reconstruction of injured or missing tissues. Cell-based, scaffold-based, and signal molecule-based strategies are utilized in regenerative medicine and each of these approaches elicits a distinct host immune response that has a significant impact upon the downstream outcome. Modulation, but not suppression of the immune component of wound healing appears to be essential for constructive remodeling of tissues and organs. Promotion of a pro-wound healing and anti-inflammatory response, and avoidance of the foreign body reaction is associated with a constructive functional remodeling outcome. While macrophages play a pivotal role in this response, other immune cells and the interactions between all cell types involved in tissue remodeling are also clearly important. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the host response to biomaterials including both the pro-inflammatory and resultant foreign body reaction, and the pro-wound healing, anti-inflammatory response that is associated with constructive remodeling.
A comparative histologic study of the fibrillin microfibrillar system in the lens capsule of normal subjects and subjects with Marfan syndrome.

RESULTS. Based on fibrillin staining patterns, we identified three distinct zones in the equatorial and periequatorial regions of the normal lens capsule. Zone I, a 0.75-mm-wide peripheral ring of the anterior capsule, contained radial bundles of fibrillin fibers. In Zone II, a 1-mm-wide meshwork of fibrillin-rich fibers encircled the equator and served as an insertion platform for zonular fibers. Zone III was composed of radial, 0.1-mm-wide bands arranged in a periodic fashion in the most peripheral part of the posterior capsule. Fibrillin fibers were abnormal and disrupted in all three zones in patients with Marfan syndrome. The amount of fibrillin staining per unit area was significantly reduced in Marfan capsules compared with normal capsules (16-26% versus 49-56% per unit area, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. Fibrillin was a major constituent of the peripheral and equatorial areas of the lens capsule. Zonular fibers, also rich in fibrillin, insert into the equatorial region, primarily in Zone II. Possibly, fibrillin played a role in the ability of the lens to change its configuration during accommodation. The observed qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in fibrillin expression in the lens capsule of patients with Marfan syndrome supported a causal relationship to lens abnormalities in these patients. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:84-93)
Fine-grained object detection using transfer learning and data augmentation

Object detection plays a vital role in many real-world computer vision applications such as self-driving cars, human-less stores and general purpose robotic systems. Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) based Deep Learning has evolved to become the backbone of most computer vision algorithms, including object detection. Most of the research has focused on detecting objects that differ significantly e.g. a car, a person, and a bird. Achieving fine-grained object detection to detect different types within one class of objects can be crucial in tasks like automated retail checkout. This research has developed deep learning models to detect 200 types of similar birds. The models were trained and tested on CUB-200-2011 dataset. To the best of our knowledge, by attaining a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 71.5% we achieved an improvement of 5 percentage points over the previous best mAP of 66.2%.
Gastrointestinal Acidosis and Its Effect on Escherichia coli in Cattle

Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of warm blooded animals, and most E. coli strains are harmless. However, gram-negative bacteria can release lipopolysaccharide complexes from their cell walls (including lipid A) when they lyse.14 These endotoxins can cause fever, and even death, but only if the bacterium migrates from the gut to the blood. Some strains of E. coli produce an enterotoxin that resembles cholera toxin, and this protein causes acute diarrhea even if the bacterium never crosses the intestinal epithelium.17 In 1982, an E. coli strain designated as O157:H7 was isolated from the bloody feces of people that had consumed contaminated hamburgers, and these strains produced toxins that could diffuse into intestinal cells.14,20 Genetic analyses of E. coli O157:H7 indicated that it carried two toxin genes that were homologous to the ones borne by Shigella.17 E.coli O157:H7 has a powerful hemolysin and an intestinal adherence factor known as Intimin.17 Humans that are infected with E. coli O157:H7 become acutely ill, but mature cattle are asymptomatic carriers.1,9 Ground beef has been a common source of E. coli O157:H7 infection, but fruits and vegetables have also caused outbreaks and illness.1 Fruits and vegetables are often fertilized with cattle manure, and beef can be contaminated with fresh manure at slaughter. Cattle have been suspected as being a primary source of E. coli O157:H7.9 However, it should be noted that other animals and wildlife can carry this bacterium.1 Early work indicated that only small numbers of cattle carried E. coli O157:H7,9 but sensitive detection methods that used immunomagnetic beads indicate that as 30% to 50% of the cattle may be infected.15,16 Hancock and his colleagues examined the effect of diet on E. coli O 15 7 :H7, but detection methods were insensitive and dietary correlations were either weak or inconsistent.9,11 Recent work indicated that grain feeding, a practice common in the cattle industry, can alter the physiology and survival of E.coli, but a brief period of hay feeding was able to counteract this potentially dangerous effect.