cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Health and Illness in a Brazilian Favela

The purpose of this study was to describe the understanding of health and illness within the culture of women living in a favela (urban slum) in southeastern Brazil. The methodology described by Spradley structured the study. Interviews were conducted with 10 informants, and multiple interviews were conducted with the key informant. Analysis yielded a taxonomic structure for the domains of health and illness. Six components play a part in both health and illness: cleanliness, nutrition, doctor visits, herbal remedies (tomar cha), sympathetic magic, and spirituality. Attention to the six components is believed to be necessary in maintaining health. The indigenous components of health can be integrated into health teaching to enhance correspondence between nursing care and the worldview of favela residents.
Data association probability and measurement density function of tracking in clutter with strongest-neighbor measurements

When tracking a target in clutter, a measurement may have originated from either the target, clutter, or some other source. The measurement with the strongest intensity (amplitude) in the neighborhood of the predicted target measurement is known as the 'strongest neighbor' (SN) measurement. A simple and commonly used method for tracking in clutter is the so-called strongest neighbor filter (SNF), which uses the SN measurement at each time as if it were the true one. This paper presents analytic results, along with discussions, for the SN measurement, including the a priori and a posteriori probabilities of data association events and the conditional probability density functions. These results provide theoretical foundation for performance prediction and development of improved tracking filters.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Convective Cloud Model for Use in a Cumulus Parameterization Scheme

Abstract A quasi-one-dimensional steady-state cloud model that is based on integrating the two-dimensional equation for the azimuthal vorticity over the cloud radius is described. The equations are reduced to one dimension in the vertical direction by assuming that the streamfunction is oscillatory and a function of r only allowing this model to incorporate the nonhydrostatic pressure gradient force. It also includes an empirical buoyancy correction to account for vertical wind shear; the correction is based on application of the Klemp-Wilhelmson convective cloud model to a variety of buoyancy and wind-shear environments. In addition, the model includes consideration of rainwater, freezing of condensate, and a moist penetrative downdraft. The downdraft includes consideration of the nonhydrostatic pressure gradient, rainwater loading, and buoyancy; below cloud base, it is unsaturated. The results from the model for cases with and without vertical wind shear are compared to the Schlesinger three-dimensional...
Benign Extraneural Soft-Tissue Tumors of the Extremities Causing Compression of Nerves

Thirty-two patients with benign soft-tissue tumors of the extremities, causing nerve compression, exclusive of neurogenic tumors, have been seen at the Mayo Clinic. The peak incidence of these lesions was in the fifth decade, and the most frequent symptoms and signs were progressive weakness of parts of an extremity and a palpable mass. The average period between the onset of symptoms and treatment in this group was 13.6 months. Trauma was probably of significance in two cases of occult bursal enlargement at the elbow. The ulnar nerve was the nerve most commonly involved in the group. Roentgenographic examination revealed the radiolucent soft-tissue mass characteristic of a lipoma in ten patients. Lipomata accounted for approximately half of the tumors in our series. In ten patients, the extraneural tumor was not demonstrable prior to surgical exploration. Treatment should consist in initial complete excision of the lesion with the double-tourniquet technique, with appropriate draping of the entire limb to allow for extra exposure of the nerve, if segmental resection and suture are necessary. A general anesthetic should be used, and the exploration should be performed by a team familiar with soft-tissue or neurogenic tumors. Neurolysis or translocation of the ulnar nerve may be required as well as simple excision of the tumor. Almost complete return of function should he achieved eventually provided that irreversible damage to the involved nerve has not been produced before operation. In the fourteen patients previously mentioned who noticed almost complete or complete return of function, the average duration for this return was three years with the extremes being three months and fourteen years.
Regional Demand for Farm Buildings in the United States

Aggregate time-series data are used to investigate the demand for new investment in farm buildings in eight of the ten production regions of the United States. The explanatory variables which were found highly significant included lagged gross farm income deflated by prices received by farmers, the lagged ratio of the value of farm real estate to the amount of farm mortgages outstanding used as an equity ratio, the lagged deflated rate of interest charged on farm mortgages, and the time trend representing change in technology. Projections were made for investment in each of the eight regions for 1980. All projections indicate lower expenditures than those currently being made. This may be explained, despite the expected increased demand for building services, if the technology of design and use of buildings continues to progress in the future. Least-squares regression with dummy variables to include all regions and several time periods in one equation was used.
Spin correlations in MnO

Spin correlations have been investigated in powder samples of $\mathrm{MnO}$ above and below the N\'eel temperature by means of diffuse neutron scattering measurements. There is a significant local order above ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{N}}$, with the spins coupled in an antiferromagnetic fashion and tending to lie parallel to ${111}$ planes. This layer structure suggests a second neighbor interaction energy, with ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}=4.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{eV}$ and with the exchange interaction ${\mathrm{J}}_{2}=\ensuremath{-}4.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. There was no evidence for an extra total scattering in the vicinity of the critical temperature.
Recognizing FM, BPSK and 16-QAM using supervised and unsupervised learning techniques

In this paper, we explore the use of supervised and unsupervised machine learning for signal classification in the joint presence of AWGN, carrier offset, asynchronous sampling and symbol intervals and correlated fast fading. Three simple features are studied to classify frequency modulation, binary phase shift keying and 16 point quadrature amplitude modulation. Support vector machines and self-organizing maps are used to classify the signals.
Diverse Optimal Molecular Libraries for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have wide-ranging applications, from lighting to device displays. However, the repertoire of organic molecules with efficient blue emission is limited. To address this limitation, we have developed a strategy to design property-optimized, diversity-oriented libraries of structures with favorable fluorescence properties. This approach identifies novel diverse candidate organic molecules for blue emission with strong oscillator strengths and low singlet-triplet energy gaps that favor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission.
Comparison of cigarette smoking knowledge, attitudes, and practices among staff in perinatal and other substance abuse treatment settings.

OBJECTIVES Despite the high prevalence and known morbidity and mortality caused by cigarette smoking, 60% to 70% of substance abuse treatment programs lack smoking cessation counseling or fail to offer pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, including those programs designed to meet the needs of drug-dependent pregnant patients. Previous studies of staff knowledge, attitudes, and practices (S-KAP) at general substance abuse/HIV treatment programs have suggested that staff may contribute to the deficiency in smoking cessation treatment in these settings. It is not known whether similar deficiencies exist at perinatal substance abuse treatment programs. METHODS This study compared cigarette S-KAP in perinatal substance abuse (n = 41) and general substance abuse/HIV treatment (Veterans Affairs [VA] medical center, hospital-, and community-based) workforce samples (n = 335). RESULTS Significant differences were seen between the 2 groups on all measures, but perinatal staff compared favorably to general staff only on measures of barriers to smoking cessation services. Perinatal staff compared unfavorably on all other measures: knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, self-efficacy, and smoking cessation practices. Pair-wise comparisons of knowledge and beliefs/attitudes revealed a significant difference between perinatal and VA staff; of self-efficacy, between perinatal and staff at all other settings; and of smoking cessation practices, between perinatal and VA and community-based staff. CONCLUSIONS These results-showing deficiencies of perinatal staff on most S-KAP measures-are concerning and suggest that identifying gaps in and improving S-KAP in perinatal substance abuse programs is urgently needed, for which the VA may provide an efficacious model.
Experimental production of bovine mastitis with streptococci and other bacteria

Certain aspects of the etiology of bovine mastitis have been studied but the majority of workers have dealt with organisms from milk from infected udders. The bacteria isolated have fallen, for the most part, into two groups, hemolytic and nonhemolytic streptococci. A smaller percentage is due to the staphylococci, B. pyogenes and members of the colon-aerogenes group. In the literature are few references to the experimental production of mastitis. This is due, in all probability, to the fact that the experiment is an expensive procedure because one cannot carry it on without a possibility of damaging the value of the animal.
Tardigrades of the Canopy: Argentine Species Milnesium beatae Roszkowska, Ostrowska and Kaczmarek, 2015 (Eutardigrada, Milnesidae) Discovered in the Trees of Kansas, U.S.A.

During the summer of 2015, a recently described species of tardigrade from southern Argentina, Milnesium beatae Roszkowska, Ostrowska and Kaczmarek, 2015, was discovered in the canopy of trees in Kansas, USA. Seven specimens of the southern hemisphere species were collected from lichen habitat above six meters on red oak tree substrates in a tree island on the edge of the tall grass prairie. Statistical comparison of the characteristics of the specimens of the two populations demonstrates that they are morphologically the same. Two new characters are described: first, small cuticular bars at the base of legs IV and second, thin plates (pseudoplates) in the dorsal and lateral cuticle are exposed by UV fluorescence imagery. Bird nesting habits and migration patterns are explored to explain how the same species of microscopic water bear is known to only occur at disparate locations 9,000 km apart in different hemispheres.
Incidence of Leishmaniasis in Floating Population in Non-endemic Areas of Sichuan,1985-2009

Objective To analyze the incidence trend of leishmaniasis in floating population in non-endemic areas of Sichuan,provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies and the reduction of clinical misdiagnosis and recurrence.MethodsThe epidemic reports and patients' records were collected from the medical institutions of Sichuan.The etiological or immunological examinations were performed for suspected cases.The positive person was given sodium stibogluconate treatment and their epidemiological history was inquired.ResultsA total of 293 leishmaniasis cases were detected in floating population in non-endemic areas of Sichuan from 1985 to 2009.All patients had the history of living in endemic area of leishmaniasis during transmission season,and the length of their stay in endemic area ranged from 3 days to 10 years.The cases occurred all the year round,and most cases occurred after return from endemic area in Jiuzhaigou,Wenchuan,Heishui counties and Gansu,Xinjiang provinces,accounting for 31.06%,17.75%,7.51%,19.80% and 15.36% respectively.Most cases were males aged from 20 to 50 years,accounting for 77.82%.The intervals between onset and diagnosis were from 7 days to 2 years.After the increase of sodium stibogluconate dosage based on the patients' body weight,the recurrence rate dropped to 6.83% from 17.05%.However,the incidence of leishmaniasis in floating population increased again after 2005.ConclusionIt is necessary to pay close attention to the recent rising of leishmaniasis incidence in floating population in non-endemic areas of Sichuan.
Anxiety Sensitivity and Alcohol Use Among Acute-Care Psychiatric Inpatients: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties

There is strong empirical support for the association between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol use, although this has not been investigated in psychiatric inpatients. Further, little is known about mechanisms mediating these associations, such as emotion regulation difficulties. Self-report questionnaires measuring anxiety sensitivity, difficulties regulating emotion, and alcohol use were administered to 119 adults admitted to an acute-care inpatient psychiatric hospital. The current study examined emotion regulation difficulties as a mediator in the anxiety sensitivity–alcohol use severity association. Exploratory analyses separately examined effects with regard to alcohol consumption in terms of number of days drinking and drinking to intoxication as well as alcohol problems in terms of number of days experiencing problems and degree of bother resulting from alcohol problems. Emotion regulation difficulties significantly mediated the associations between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol use severity, days drinking to intoxication, days experiencing alcohol-related problems, and degree of bother caused by alcohol problems. Indirect associations were medium sized. There were no direct associations of anxiety sensitivity with any outcome, controlling for emotion regulation difficulties. Anxiety sensitivity may be indirectly (via emotion regulation difficulties) related to alcohol consumption and alcohol problems with no significant direct associations after accounting for emotion regulation difficulties.
Renal cyclic AMP accumulation and adenulate cyclase stimulation by erythropoietic agents.

The regional distribution of cyclic AMP in the kidney was determined following erythropoietic stimulation with hypoxia and cobalt. Following these stimuli, increases in renal cyclic AMP concentrati...
Day care surgery of inguinal hernia and hydrocele of children

From March 1983 to December 1989, day care operations were done for 12099 children (inguinal hernia 10913, hydrocele 1186) aging from 6 months to 13 years (75.9% of the children were under three). The postoperative complication rate was 0.84% and 15 children (0.12%) required hospitalization. The procedures and indications of the two operations and measures to prevent postoperative complications are discussed. We consider that day care surgery is safe and effective in minimizing the psychological burden of hospitalization, reducing hospital costs and decreasing the risk of cross-infection.
Transition Strategies: Resource Mobilization Through Merchandisable Feedstock Intermediates

Abstract A variety of feedstock types will be needed to grow the bioeconomy. Respective logistics and market structures will be needed to cope with the spatial, temporal, and compositional variability of these feedstocks. At present, pilot-scale cellulosic biorefineries rely on vertically integrated supply systems designed to support traditional agricultural and forestry industries. The vision of the future feedstock supply system is a network of distributed biomass processing centers (depots) and centralized terminals. This introduces methods to increase feedstock volume while decreasing price and quality supply uncertainties. Depots are located close to the resource, while shipping and blending terminals are located in strategic logistical hubs with access to high bulk transportation systems. The system emulates the current grain commodity supply system, which manages crop diversity at the point of harvest and at the storage elevator, allowing subsequent supply system infrastructure to be similar for all resources. The initiation of depot (pilot) operations is seen as a strategic stepping stone to transition to this logistic system. A fundamental part of initiating (pilot-) depot operations is to establish the value proposition to the biomass grower, as biomass becomes available to the market place only through mobilization. A feedstock supply industry independently mobilizing biomass by producing value-add merchandisable intermediates creates a market push that will derisk and accelerate the deployment of bioenergy technologies. Companion markets can help mobilize biomass without biorefineries. That is, depots produce value-added intermediates that are fully fungible in both a companion and the biorefining market. To achieve this, a separation between feedstock supply and conversion industry may be necessary.
Status of research in gamma-ray lasers

This article reviews conceptual devices designed to generate coherent high-quantum-energy radiation by stimulating nuclear transitions in solids; and delineates some of the promising areas of research. Solid state γ-ray lasers can benefit from (1) Mossbauer effect or recoilless emission, which suppresses first-order Doppler broadening, and brings the emitting nuclei close to a common resonant frequency; and (2) Borrmann effect, which suppresses non-resonant scattering and absorption, and may allow a crystal lattice to act as a distributed resonator. I discuss some of the basic physics that governs the performance of conceptual γ-ray lasers, and some of the classic approaches to design. Many of these early schemes were shown to be unworkable decades ago, but re-emerge in different forms generally without attention to the fallacies already revealed. Other schemes have languished for lack of a champion. I also describe some exciting new approaches, particularly those utilizing techniques for suppressing resonant absorption, which can realize gain without a true inversion. Finally, I submit some recommendations for future research.
The Minkowski–Lyapunov equation

Abstract This note introduces, analyzes and solves the continuous time (CT) Minkowski–Lyapunov equation. The necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of both the discrete time (DT) and CT Minkowski–Lyapunov equations are provided. The explicit characterization of the unique solution to CT Minkowski–Lyapunov equation is derived and reported.
Pasture diversification to combat climate change impacts on grazing dairy production

Among livestock systems, grazing is likely to be most impacted by climate change because of its dependency to feed quality and availability. In order to reduce the impact of climate change on grazing livestock systems, adaptation measures should be implemented. The goal of this study is to identify the best pasture composition for a representative grazing dairy farm in Michigan in order to reduce the impacts of climate change on production. In order to achieve the goal of this study, three objectives were sought: (1) identify the best pasture composition, (2) assess economic and resource use impacts of pasture compositions under future climate scenarios, and (3) evaluate the resiliency of pasture compositions. A representative farm was developed based on a livestock practices survey and incorporated into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). For the pasture compositions, four cool-season grass species and two legumes were evaluated under both current and future climate scenarios. The effectiveness of adaptation measures based on economic and resource use criteria was evaluated. Overall, the pasture composition with 50% perennial ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and 50% red clover (Trifolium pratense) was identified as the best. In addition, the increase in precipitation and temperature of the most intensive climate scenario could significantly improve farm net return per cow (Bos taurus) and whole farm profit while no significant impact was observed on resource use criteria. Finally, the overall sensitivity assessment showed that the most resilient pasture composition under future climate scenarios was ryegrass with red clover and the least resilient was orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) with white clover (Trifolium repens).
Selective adaptor dependent protein degradation in bacteria.

Energy dependent proteolysis is essential for all life, but uncontrolled degradation leads to devastating consequences. In bacteria, oligomeric AAA+ proteases are responsible for controlling protein destruction and are regulated in part by adaptor proteins. Adaptors are regulatory factors that shape protease substrate choice by either restricting or enhancing substrate recognition in several ways. In some cases, protease activity or assembly itself requires adaptor binding. Adaptors can also alter specificity by acting as scaffolds to tether particular substrates to already active proteases. Finally, hierarchical assembly of adaptors can use combinations of several activities to enhance the protease’s selectivity. Because the lifetime of the constituent proteins directly affects the duration of a particular signaling pathway, regulated proteolysis impacts almost all cellular responses. In this review, we describe recent progress in regulated protein degradation, focusing on fundamental principles of adaptors and how they perform critical biological functions, such as promoting cell cycle progression and quality control.
Combining Symbolic Runtime Enforcers for Cyber-Physical Systems

The problem of composing multiple, possibly conflicting, runtime enforcers for a cyber-physical system (CPS) is considered. A formal definition of utility-agnostic and utility-maximizing CPS enforcers is presented, followed by an algorithm to combine multiple enforcers, and resolve their conflicts based on a design-time prioritization. To implement this combination in an efficient manner, enforcers are encoded symbolically using SMT formulas, and the combination is reduced to a set of SMT satisfiability and optimization operations. Further performance gains are achieved by using the SMT solvers incrementally. The approach is validated via experiments in an indoor area with Parrot minidrones. The incremental enforcer combination is shown to achieve an order of magnitude speedup, and no deadline misses.
Determinates of irregularities reported by audits of a federal loan program

The study examines audit reports of a federal loan program which has a high incidence of reported irregularities. The following research questions are examined: (1) are there characteristics common to projects in which irregularities are reported? (2) Can variables be identified which are significant in differentiating between projects with and without reported irregularities? Projects with reported irregularities are found to be significantly associated with internal control weaknesses, related party transactions, lower net income, smaller cash flow, fewer projects per developer, and an auditor with fewer Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) clients.
Identification of RAPD markers linked to fusarium crown and root rot resistance (Frl) in tomato

In tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) a single dominant gene ( Frl) on chromosome 9 confers resistance to fusarium crown and root rot (crown rot) incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. To identify randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to Frl, crown rot susceptible and resistant tomato lines were screened for polymorphisms using 1000 random 10-mer primers and three reliable RAPD markers were found linked to Frl (UBC #'s 116, 194, and 655). A codominant polymorphic PCR marker of TG101, a restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) marker linked to Frl, was developed to facilitate the linkage studies. Using TG101 and the four RAPD markers, on a Frl segregating backcross population of 950 plants indicated that all belong to the same linkage group. The polymorphic allele order was found to be TG101 – 655 – 116 – 194 – Frl. UBC 194 was found to be 5.1 cM from Frl in this population. Furthermore, it was the only marker found in the resistant genotypes ‘Mocis’ and Fla 7226, whereas resistant genotypes ‘Momor’, Ohio 89-1, and Fla 7464 all had UBC 194 and UBC #'s 116, 194, and 655.
Effects of corn grinding and time of corn feeding on growth, starch utilization and digesta passage characteristics of growing steers fed hay-based diets.

Two forms of corn, whole (WC) and ground (GC), were fed with hay (WH; 900) or 4 h after hay (AH; 1300) feeding to evaluate their effects on growth, starch utilization and digesta passage characteristics in growing steers. Twenty-four Angus steers with ad libitum access to fescue hay were individually limit-fed ground or whole corn (2.27 kg/d) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: GC- WH, GC-AH, WC-WH and WC-AH. Average daily gain was improved with feeding GC (P less than .08), especially when fed at the same time as hay. Fecal starch (%) was less (P less than .001) for GC (7.07) than for WC (15.68). No difference was observed in rate of liquid or solid (hay) passage. Mean retention time (MRT) of whole corn (stained with neutral red and crystal violet) was decreased (P less than .07), and rate of corn passage tended to be faster for steers fed WC-AH than for those fed WC-WH. Although time of corn feeding had no effect on performance, steers fed WC-AH had more whole corn particles recovered from the feces and the MRT for whole corn particles was reduced, indicating that time of supplementation may affect passage characteristics. Altering time of supplement feeding may have applications in other feeding situations, such as with protein supplementation where ruminal escape would be advantageous.
The effect of voluntary wheel running on 129/SvEvTac and C3H/Ibg alcohol consumption

Abstract The mesolimbic dopaminergic reward pathway is activated by both alcohol and exercise, suggesting exercise as a possible treatment or preventative method for alcohol-use disorders (AUDs). Prior studies conducted in our lab have demonstrated the hedonic substitution of voluntary alcohol consumption for voluntary wheel running in female C57Bl/6Ibg mice, and a trend in male C57Bl/6Ibg mice. Given the important contribution of genetic background on AUDs, this study aims to assess the effects of voluntary wheel running on voluntary alcohol consumption in two moderate alcohol-consuming strains of mice, C3H/Ibg and 129/SvEvTac. Contrary to our previous studies conducted in C57Bl/6Ibg mice, 129/SvEvTac and male C3H/Ibg mice housed without a wheel consumed significantly more alcohol than mice housed with a free or locked wheel. This suggests that 129/SvEvTac and male C3H/Ibg mice are reducing their alcohol consumption due to an enriched environment and not exercise. Interestingly, the three groups of female C3H/Ibg mice (free wheel, locked wheel, no wheel) did not significantly differ in alcohol consumption, suggesting sex-specific differences in C3H/Ibg mice. In addition, genetic and sex effects were observed for running phenotypes in the presence of alcohol. Female 129/SvEvTac and C57Bl/6Ibg mice ran longer distances than male mice, whereas male and female C3H/Ibg mice did not differ in distance run. C3H/Ibg and female 129/SvEvTav mice with access only to water ran longer distances than mice with access to both alcohol and water. However, this effect was not observed in C57Bl/6Ibg or male 129/SvEvTac mice. The results of this mouse model highlight the importance of genetic background and sex on an animal's response to exercise as an enrichment to reduce voluntary alcohol consumption.
Analysis of a Polynomial Chaos-Kriging Metamodel for Uncertainty Quantification in Aerodynamics

New aerospace aerodynamic bodies increasingly require robust design methods that demand data of the key problem variables in the presence of uncertainty. When these bodies are subject to complex ph...
13.2 A 3.6Mb 10.1Mb/mm 2 Embedded Non-Volatile ReRAM Macro in 22nm FinFET Technology with Adaptive Forming/Set/Reset Schemes Yielding Down to 0.5V with Sensing Time of 5ns at 0.7V

A resistive RAM (ReRAM) macro is developed as a low-cost, magnetic-disturb-immune option for embedded, non-volatile memory for SoCs used in IoT and automotive applications. We demonstrate the smallest ReRAM subarray density of 10.1Mb/mm2 in a 22nm low-power process. The subarray uses nominal-gate FINFET logic devices, with material innovations to allow low-voltage switching without impacting transistor reliability. Prior art features larger bit cell size or array density, and uses 28 or 40nm technology nodes [1]–[4]. The smallest read-sense time ($t_{\mathrm {SENSE}}\,=5$ ns@0.7V) is demonstrated, compared to previous works [2]. An optimized pulse-width (PW) voltage-current write-verify-write (PVC-WVW) sequence helps in mitigating endurance and variability. A flexible and low-area TFR (thin-film resistor) based reference scheme enables optimization of forming, write yield, retention and endurance tradeoffs by skewing different verify and read resistances. A temperature-constant current source and a reference resistance help in the precise control of the forming/set current and the verify/read operations. Compared to area-inefficient bandgap circuits and temperature sensors, the in-situ TFR was used due to its low area, flexibility and seamless integration into the SoC. The memory bank uses a single supply coming from an in-situ charge pump (CP) that is shared across the macro.
Language: A Powerful Tool in Promoting Healthy Behaviors:

Words have the capacity to empower or devastate someone. Although a "rose by any other name" may "still be a rose," if language is not precise and thoughtful in taking into consideration perceptions, values, biases, and culture of people, it may influence the patient, thereby potentially leading to negative patient outcomes. Health promotion interventions include teaching and empowering people to embrace the components of lifestyle medicine utilizing a variety of approaches. An essential part of the intervention is how the message is delivered, specifically the language used to deliver the message. In this article, the implications of language on patient outcomes and suggestions on how to rephrase language with potential negative connotations are described.
Uniformly consistently estimating the proportion of false null hypotheses via Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral equations

Abstract The proportion of false null hypotheses is a very important quantity in statistical modelling and inference based on the two-component mixture model and its extensions, and in control and estimation of the false discovery rate and false non-discovery rate. Most existing estimators of this proportion threshold p-values, deconvolve the mixture model under constraints on its components, or depend heavily on the location-shift property of distributions. Hence, they usually are not consistent, applicable to non-location-shift distributions, or applicable to discrete statistics or p-values. To eliminate these shortcomings, we construct uniformly consistent estimators of the proportion as solutions to Lebesgue–Stieltjes integral equations. In particular, we provide such estimators respectively for random variables whose distributions have Riemann–Lebesgue type characteristic functions, whose distributions form discrete natural exponential families with infinite supports, and whose distributions form natural exponential families with separable moment sequences. We provide the speed of convergence and uniform consistency class for each such estimator under independence. In addition, we provide two examples for which a consistent estimator of the proportion cannot be constructed using our techniques.
Learning about Users

You can learn about who your users are through visitor analysis and begin to understand why they may have come to your website through traffic analysis. These analyses are exploratory in nature—you describe the categories that your users fit into in terms of size and how those different categories behave, and look for patterns that emerge. Web analytics allow you to delve in to how many times users visit your website, and how many days have passed since their last visit. You can find out how much time users spend on your website and how many pages they view, where they are located, and what sort of device they use to access your website.
Role of KCNQ Potassium Channels in Stress-induced Deficit of Working Memory

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates higher cognition but is impaired by stress exposure when high levels of catecholamines activate calcium-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. The current study examined whether stress and increased cAMP-PKA signaling in rat medial PFC (mPFC) reduce pyramidal cell firing and impair working memory by activating KCNQ potassium channels. KCNQ2 channels were found in mPFC layers II/III and V pyramidal cells, and patch-clamp recordings demonstrated KCNQ currents that were increased by forskolin or by chronic stress exposure, and which were associated with reduced neuronal firing. Low dose of KCNQ blockers infused into rat mPFC improved cognitive performance and prevented acute pharmacological stress-induced deficits. Systemic administration of low doses of KCNQ blocker also improved performance in young and aged rats, but higher doses impaired performance and occasionally induced seizures. Taken together, these data demonstrate that KCNQ channels have powerful influences on mPFC neuronal firing and cognitive function, contributing to stress-induced PFC dysfunction.
The “Dravert Affair”: Paperwork and the Administration of Negligent Street Maintenance in Modern Paris:

This essay examines the role of paperwork in an official investigation into a claim made by Madame Suzanne Dravert for an indemnity from Paris’s municipal government, after she sustained an injury ...
Egg Exhumation and Transport on a Foreshore Under Wave and Swash Processes

Several aquatic species use beach foreshores to lay their eggs. Understanding the dynamics of egg entrainment versus egg retention in foreshore sediment is important to delivering eggs to foraging species, and to predicting fecundity and population responses of beach nesting species to harvest and habitat management. Exhumation of these eggs is primarily by bioturbation and wave action. This study isolates effects of wave and swash processes on exhumation, entrainment, and transport of horseshoe crab eggs by conducting a 1-day field study designed to avoid effects of bioturbation by spawning and migratory shorebird predation. Dyed sand and horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) eggs were injected into the foreshore of an estuarine beach in Delaware Bay, USA and sampled during 110 swash events using streamer traps. Significant wave heights ranged from 0.30 to 0.47 m. The quantity of eggs exhumed from the mid-foreshore by waves and swash was 3.8 times greater than from the upper foreshore where activation was by swash alone. Swash flows were skewed offshore, but egg transport was predominantly onshore from bore collapse. Egg release was greatest in early rising tide, making this the most productive time for shorebird foraging. Release of eggs from mid-foreshore may be dominated by wave action during high energy days with little spawning or by bioturbation by horseshoe crabs during intensive spawning. Activation depths in the swash were low, indicating that eggs buried on the upper foreshore can reach later stages of development after spawning ceases.
Stop the Bleed: gap analysis and geographical evaluation of incident locations.

Background Trauma is a major public health issue. In 2015, the White House launched the “Stop the Bleed” (STB) campaign, which aims to equip would-be bystanders with the ability and equipment to assist in bleeding emergencies. This study sought to estimate the number of patients who might benefit from STB intervention, in an everyday setting, and their spatial injury profile. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of trauma registry and medical examiners’ data, collected between 2013 and 2017. The majority of patients were male. The median age was 32 years. Incidents were geocoded by ZIP code, and mapped using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). Results We identified 139 patients from medical examiner records and UAB’s trauma registry who might have benefitted from STB intervention. The number of incidents per year ranged from 22 to 35, averaging 2.3 incidents per month. There was no evidence of geographical clustering, although the small number of incidents precluded a formal geostatistical analysis. Conclusion The number of patients who might benefit from STB interventions on a daily basis is small, and incident locations are difficult to predict. Educating the public in how to stop bleeding is appealing, but providing easy and widespread access to STB kits may be difficult. Although there are parallels to the provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation for cardiac arrest, there are also differences, which should not be overlooked.
Fungal and Parasitic Infections of the Liver

Hepatosplenic candidiasis and other fungal infections of the liver are uncommon in healthy individuals; however, high index of suspicion is essential in immunocompromised patients with prolonged fever. Parasitic infections are protozoan or helminthic; their distribution and epidemiology are variable among different world regions. Clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis, and ascariasis are helminthic infections that commonly involve the biliary systems. Signs and symptoms of cholangitis require prompt management to relieve biliary obstruction; addition of antihelminthic agents is essential. Parasitic infections are mostly transmitted to humans by fecally contaminated food and water. Proper hand and food sanitation measures are essential in preventing disease transmission.
Lyman- α constraints on cosmic heating from dark matter annihilation and decay

We derive new constraints on models of decaying and annihilating dark matter (DM) by requiring that the energy injected into the intergalactic medium (IGM) not overheat it at late times, when measurements of the Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ forest constrain the IGM temperature. We improve upon previous analyses by using the recently developed DarkHistory code package, which self-consistently takes into account additional photoionization and photoheating processes due to reionization and DM sources. Our constraints are robust to the uncertainties of reionization and competitive with leading limits on sub-GeV DM that decays preferentially to electrons [https://github.com/hongwanliu/DarkHistory/tree/T_igm_temperature_constraints].
Alternative Hospitalities on the Margins of Europe

This chapter develops a critique of the necropolitical regime of border policing (following Mbembe) immanent to the existence of the European Union as a political and cultural space. It places the attempts to control “illegal” Mediterranean crossings—and the “migrant crisis”—in the context of the EU’s neocolonial and transnational connections among former colonizers and the colonized. Specifically, Natasa Kovacevic turns to recent literature, whose preoccupation with the impossibility of a “good life” (to borrow Agamben’s term) in borderland states of exception suggests that an invisible war on migrancy has become immanent to the EU construction of sovereignty. These texts treat the borders as a threshold into Europe rather than any specific country, portraying migrants as new communities taking shape in the process of crossing, their solidarity based on a shared economic predicament despite diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds. Mahi Binebine’s Welcome to Paradise and Laila Lalami’s Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits imagine spontaneous communities arising among African migrants crossing the Mediterranean, juxtaposed to phantasmatic narratives of death and cannibalism that subvert the idealization of Europe. Their ethics of mutual aid, compassion, and hospitality call into question dominant representations of political community in Europe and help expand its cognitive possibilities.
20 Optimizing inpatient situation awareness to recognize and mitigate clinical deterioration in hospitalized children

Background Interventions to improve care team situation awareness (SA) are associated with reduced rates of unrecognized clinical deterioration in hospitalized children. Recent safety events at our institution revealed common etiologic themes, including 1) inadequate SA for patients demonstrating signs of deterioration, and 2) lack of a shared mental model due to inadequate psychological safety and communication. Objectives We aimed to decrease emergency transfers (ETs) to the intensive care unit (ICU) by 50% over 10 months. Methods An interprofessional team of physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and families convened to apply innovation to the original SA model for clinical deterioration by addressing emerging corruptors to SA, communication inadequacies, and evolving technology in our inpatient system. Key drivers included establishing a shared mental model, psychologically safe escalation, and efficient and effective SA tools (figure 1). Novel interventions including the intentional inclusion of families and diverse care team roles in huddles, a mental model checklist, door signage, and an electronic health record SA navigator were evaluated via a time series analysis. Sequential inpatient-wide testing of the SA model allowed for iteration and consensus building across care teams and families via qualitative data collection and review. The primary outcome measure was ETs, defined as any ICU transfer where the patient received intubation, inotropes, or ≥3 fluid boluses within one hour of transfer. Results The average rate of ETs per 10,000 patient days decreased from 1.57 to 0.49 during the study period (figure 2). This coincided with special cause improvement in all process measures, including earlier recognition of potentially deteriorating patients and increased exemplary utilization of SA tools (figure 3). Conclusions An innovative, proactive, and reliable process to predict, prevent, and respond to clinical deterioration was associated with a nearly 70% reduction in ETs. Importantly, ETs are associated with increased hospital length of stay and mortality.
Cytokine Augmentation Reverses Transplant Recipient Neutrophil Dysfunction Against the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans.

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant (SOT) and stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients are at increased risk of invasive fungal disease despite normal neutrophil counts. Here, we measure neutrophil anti-Candida activity. METHODS Twenty-one SOT and 19 SCT recipients were enrolled 2-4 months posttransplant and compared to 23 healthy control patients (HC). Neutrophils were coincubated with Candida albicans, and percentage killing and swarming responses were measured. RESULTS Neutrophils from transplant patients had decreased fungicidal capacity compared to HC (42%, 43%, and 72% for SCT, SOT, and HC, respectively; SCT vs HC: P < .0001; SOT vs HC: P < .0001; SOT vs SCT: P = .8), including diminished ability to control hyphal growth (HC vs SOT: 0.1455 vs 0.3894, P ≤ .001; HC vs SCT: 0.1455 vs 0.6295, P ≤ .0001, respectively). Serum from SCT, but not SOT, recipients, inhibited the ability of HC neutrophils to control C. albicans (37%, 45%, and 55% for SCT, SOT, and HC, respectively). Neutrophils' control of hyphal growth was partially restored with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. CONCLUSIONS Despite normal circulating numbers, our data suggest that neutrophils from SOT and SCT recipients mount dysfunctional responses against C. albicans. Intrinsic neutrophil changes and extrinsic serum factors may be responsible for the dysfunction, which is partially reversed with cytokine augmentation.
On the evolution of athlete anthropometric measurements: racial integration, expansion, and steroids

We examine the temporal movements in three anthropometric measurements of a professional sport’s athlete population. Specifically, we examine unit root test results, traditional, nonlinear, and those that allow of possible structural breaks, for average player height, weight, and body mass index for the population of Major League Baseball athletes over the period 1901–2019. These anthropometric measures are likely associated with the athletes’ level of productivity. In the end, we find that the average values for the measures of players’ body mass index and weight are found to be nonstationary, while the average values of players’ height are stationary around a nonlinear trend. We further find that these series have been subject to a number of structural shocks. These shocks correspond to well-known events in Major League Baseball history, such as its ‘Deadball’ era, racial integration, periods of Major League Baseball expansion, innovations with respect to player management, the advent of free agency, and the so-called Steroid Era.
“Keep Talking, I Keep Changing My Mind”: The Value of Invitational Rhetoric for Focus Group Research

This essay examines the unique place of focus groups within the recent turn to field methods in rhetorical studies and argues for a rhetorical theory of the action that takes place there. Using the...
Hiding in Plain Sight: Diagnostic value of bone scintigraphy in optimal evaluation of the skull vault.

1139 Objectives: To emphasize the importance of bone scintigraphy to detect significant pathology when CT of the head and MRI of the brain are negative. To highlight a range of pathological conditions which may not be easily detected on routine review of CT of the head or MRI in the absence of available bone scintigraphy. Introduction: • Normal Scintigraphy Findings • Normal variants • Common skull vault pathologies • Sample cases from our institution Conclusions: • References Summary: Bone Scintigraphy with technetium-99m-labeled diphosphonates is an excellent screening tool for detection of many pathologic conditions, even when radiographic findings are negative. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the preferred modalities for the evaluation of skull lesions. Skull vault neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions could represent a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist on review of CT of the head or MRI of the brain. However, they are commonly discovered on bone scintigraphy. The detection of these lesions on bone scintigraphy requires knowledge of their scintigraphy features and differentiating them from normal variants.
Ethnography: Tales of the Nonprofit Field

Ethnography is a rich research tradition originating from sociocultural anthropology that aims to vividly represent cultural meaning through fieldwork and thick description. Ethnographic fieldwork is known for unearthing surprises, and ethnographers are often convinced that, had they used another approach, they would have been unable to explain fully what was going on in the research setting. Ethnography in nonprofit studies is increasing, but sparse. This article argues that introducing more tales of the nonprofit field could deepen the analysis of how nonprofit organizing works, bridge the nonprofit research–practice divide, challenge the Western ethnocentricity of nonprofit studies, bring the sector’s periphery to the forefront and enhance nonprofit management education. However, to benefit from ethnographic work, the nonprofit field must embrace alternative norms of composition and rigor. The starting point is conversation and community among nonprofit ethnographers to foster such work.