cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in hematology

P E D I A T R I C I ~ E M A T O L O G Y is expanding very rapidly in knowledge and technology. With each passing year new concepts are evolved and older ideas confirmed or modified. Equally important, practical clinical applications are being found for investigative advances. Any attempt to present definitively all of the more meaningful recent developments would be prohibitively long. Indeed, it is difficult merely to list completely the areas in which significant advances have been made. Among them, the following must be included: 1. Erythroblastosis fetalis: Diagnosis and therapy have been extended into fetal life by the techniques of aminocentesis and intrauterine transfusion. 2. Hemolytic anemia: A number of new errors of red cell metabolism have been defined by the demonstration of inherited deficiencies of various glycolytic enzymes in "nonspherocytic" hemolytic states. 3. Iron deficiency: Effects of iron deficiency on tissues other than the erythron are being recognized. These have important implications concerning pathogenesis, symptomatology, and therapy. 4. Platelets: Immunohematologic techniques have provided important insight into the genesis of idiopathic and neonatal purpuras. The platelet and megakaryocyte have been shown to be susceptible to direct effects of viruses such as that of rubella.
Interannual variation in long-term center pivot-irrigated maize evapotranspiration and various water productivity response indices. I: Grain yield, actual and basal evapotranspiration, irrigation-yield production functions, evapotranspiration-yield production functions, and yield response factors.

AbstractQuantification of crop response to the amount of water applied, available, or used is important for decision making to ensure effective, profitable, conservative agricultural production. However, these variables and responses may have interannual attributes and long-term research has rarely quantified interannual variations of irrigation-yield production functions (IYPF), evapotranspiration-yield production functions (ETYPF), and yield response factors (Ky). This long-term research measured grain yield, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa), increase in ETa attributable to various irrigation levels, basal evapotranspiration (ETb; ET required to establish grain yield), IYPF, ETYPF, and seasonal Ky for maize (Zea mays L.) from 2005 to 2010 growing seasons. Four full and limited irrigation levels [fully irrigated (FIT), 75% FIT, 60% FIT, and 50% FIT] and rainfed treatment were imposed. Seasonal ETa increased linearly with increasing irrigation and the slopes of the ETa versus seasonal irrigation relat...
Ignorability in general incomplete-data models

SUMMARY Rubin (1976) defined ignorability conditions for frequentist and Bayes/likelihood analyses of data subject to missing observations. More recently, Heitjan & Rubin (1991) and Heitjan (1993) generalised the Rubin model to encompass other forms of incompleteness, establishing ignorability conditions for Bayes/likelihood inferences only. This paper extends the Heitjan-Rubin model by explicitly defining the observed degree of coarseness as a data element. This permits the development of a frequentist theory, including a generalisation of 'missing completely at random', the frequentist ignorability condition for missing data. The model is applied in a number of incomplete-data problems of general interest.
Disease Management in Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem of epidemic proportions both in the United States and worldwide. The care of CKD patients, before and after starting dialysis, remains highly fragmented resulting in suboptimal clinical outcomes and high costs, creating a high burden of disease on patients and the health care system. Disease management (DM) is an approach to coordinating care for this complex population of patients that has the promise of improving outcomes and constraining costs. For CKD patients not yet on dialysis, the major goals of a DM program are (1) early identification of CKD patients and therapy to slow the progression of CKD, (2) identification and management of the complications of CKD per se, (3) identification and management of the complications of comorbid conditions, and (4) smooth transition to renal replacement therapy. For those CKD patients on dialysis, focused attention on avoidable hospitalizations is a key to a successful DM program. Multidisciplinary collaboration among physicians (nephrologist, primary care physician, cardiologist, endocrinologist, vascular surgeons, and transplant physicians) and participating caregivers (nurse, pharmacist, social worker, and dietician) is critical as well. There are several potential barriers to the successful implementation of a CKD/end-stage renal disease DM program, including lack of awareness of the disease state among patients and health care providers, late identification and referrals to a nephrologist, complex fragmented care delivered by multiple providers in many different sites of care, and reimbursement that does not align incentives for all involved. Recent experience suggests that these barriers can be overcome, with DM becoming a promising approach for improving outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Categorical Abstract Algebraic Logic: Local Characterization Theorems for Classes of Systems

Let ℒ = ⟨F, R, ρ⟩ be a system language. Given a class of ℒ-systems K and an ℒ-algebraic system A = ⟨SEN,⟨N,F⟩⟩, i.e., a functor SEN: Sign → Set, with N a category of natural transformations on SEN, and F:F → N a surjective functor preserving all projections, define the collection K A of A-systems in K as the collection of all members of K of the form &#x1d504; = ⟨ SEN,⟨N,F⟩,R &#x1d504; ⟩, for some set of relation systems R &#x1d504; on SEN. Taking after work of Czelakowski and Elgueta in the context of the model theory of equality-free first-order logic, several relationships between closure properties of the class K, on the one hand, and local properties of K A and global properties connecting K A and K A′, whenever there exists an ℒ-morphism ⟨ F,α⟩ : A → A′, on the other, are investigated. In the main result of the article, it is shown, roughly speaking, that K A is an algebraic closure system, for every ℒ-algebraic system A, provided that K is closed under subsystems and reduced products.
Lighting during the day and night: possible impact on risk of breast cancer.

Risk of breast cancer varies by about 5-fold among societies, and incidence and mortality have been increasing worldwide for many decades. Migrants from low-risk Asian societies to the U.S. suffer elevated risk of breast cancer in their own lifetimes, and the second or third generation Asian-Americans attain the high risk of the multi-generational European immigrants [1,2]. Something about a modern Western lifestyle apparently increases risk dramatically. Madigan et al. [3] estimate that 41% of the new U.S. cases of breast cancer are explained by "known risk factors"; these include the reproductive factors of age at first birth, menarche, menopause. They ascribe about 30% to reproductive factors when they are analyzed alone. "High income" is estimated to account for about 19% when analyzed by itself. The 41% is an analysis taking all the factors together, and since they are related, the total is less than the sum of estimates for the individual items. By itself, "High income" has no biological interpretation and must reflect attributes of lifestyle and/or environment that increase risk. So, the proportion of breast cancer cases in the U.S. that can be accounted for by known biological risk factors is about one third. Therefore, at least half of breast cancer risk in the U.S., and other Westernized/industrialized societies, is in excess of that found in non-industrialized societies and is without any agreed-upon explanation. Many candidate factors exist, each with a cadre of proponents. The sum of these may turn out to explain the bulk of the excess risk in modern societies. On the other hand, they may not, and worse, may fall woefully short.
Asymptotic Analysis of Stock Price Distributions

Chapter 6 focuses on the asymptotics of stock price densities in classical stochastic volatility models. Sharp asymptotic formulas with relative error estimates for stock price densities in the uncorrelated Hull-White, Stein-Stein, and Heston models due to E.M. Stein and the author are presented in this chapter. The proofs use the asymptotic formulas for mixing distributions and the Abelian theorem for the integral transforms with log-normal kernels established in Chap. 5. Extensions of the asymptotic formulas for the stock price density to the case of the correlated Heston and Stein-Stein models are also presented. The asymptotic behavior of the stock price density in the correlated Hull-White model remains a mystery.
Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and the Criminal Justice System: Introduction

This introduction discusses a symposium on the linking of neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and law. Although the symposium is one of a number of projects on neuroscientific approaches to the legal system that have been organized over the years, readers will see something very different in the articles that follow. The contributions cover a distinctively important niche - a pragmatic focus on the practices of key law enforcement actors, namely the police, prosecutors, and punishers in the criminal justice community. By examining the decision-making of these individuals and groups in real world circumstances, through a range of brain sciences, the symposium’s authors enhance the value that any single scientific discipline can give while also offering proposals that could be implemented immediately.
The Benefits of Movement for Youth: a Whole Child Approach

This paper synthesizes studies on the benefits of movement on youth’s health, cognition, and academic performance. It discusses behavioral and cognitive outcomes of different types of movement activities including physical activities integrated into teaching of academic content, classroom exercise breaks, afterschool exercise programs, and active recess. Empirical evidence points out that movement-based activities are low-cost and easily implemented interventions to improve youth’s physical and mental health, learning, executive functioning, memory, on-task behavior, and academic performance. School psychologists can play an active role in educating policymakers, school personnel, youth, and parents regarding the benefits of movement and create a school culture that celebrates an active lifestyle.
Betty A. Reardon: a pioneer in education for peace and human rights

Betty Reardon’s contributions to the international and academic development, conceptualization and pedagogical practice of peace education are widely known. This anthology, vol. 26 in the SpringerB...
A SHORT NOTE ON SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITIES AND OTHER SITE CONDITIONS AT SELECTED STRONG-MOTION STATIONS IN THE NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE

As a result of the loss of life and billions of dollars in damage caused by the Armenian (1985), Michoacan (1988), Loma Prieta (1989), and Northridge (1994) earthquakes, increasing emphasis has been given to site effects. Beginning in 1989, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the University of Kentucky have installed several free-field accelerometers in the vicinity of the New Madrid Seismic Zone that are situated on thick deposits of loose and semi-consolidated sediments characterized by low to moderate shear-wave velocities. Ground motions recorded on these instruments most likely are significantly affected by site effects that are primarily a function of the depth to bedrock, shear-wave velocities, and damping values of the soils. In this study, the depths to the bedrock, near-surface shear-wave velocities, and damping values (for the case of low strains) were determined for 11 of the strong-motion stations along a north-south axis in the New Madrid Seismic Zone by means of conventional P- and SH-wave seismic reflection and refraction techniques.
Early Diagnosis and Clinical Features of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in Children

Objective To explore the early diagnosis and clinical features of incomplete Kawasaki disease(IKD) in children,in order to promote early diagnosis,reduce or avoid coronary artery lesions(CAL) caused by delayed diagnosis of Kawasaki disease(KD).Methods The clinical features of 42 children with IKD and 147 children with KD collected from Jan.2000 to Jan.2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The data between 2 groups in age,gender,clinic features [such as fever,lymphadenectasis,finger or toe tip desquamation,conjunctival hyperemia,hardness hydropsia,rash,oral mucosa congestion,crissum desquamation,erythema in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) inoculation place],laboratory examinations [including white blood cell,hemoglobin,platelet,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C reactive protein(CRP),albumin,alanine aminotransferase and serum sodium],heart color Doppler examine and electrocardiogram were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results There was no difference in gender between IKD group and KD group,but IKD group had younger age of onset and longer persistence time of fever.IKD group had lower incidence of extremity hardness hydropsia,oral mucosa congestion,conjunctival hyperemia and rash in the acute stage.Erythema in BCG inoculation appeared often in KD group.IKD group had higher white blood count and CRP.There was not statistical difference in abnormal electrocardiogram between 2 groups,but IKD group had higher CAL incidence rate.Conclusions IKD children have higher incidence of CAL.Lower onset age,longer persistence of fever,erythema in BCG inoculation place,and obvious WBC and CRP rise are helpful for diagnosis of IKD.As early as possible complete laboratory examination is very important to reduce delayed diagnosis and avoid CAL.
Progress report on Asia regional HIV/AIDS project

【Objective】To identify effective intervention approaches so as to control and reduce HIV/AIDS transmission among drug users in Guangxi through rapid assessment and response survey.【Methods】Individual interview,group discussion and questionnaire were conducted to local injection drug users,and harm reduction interventions such as needles syringes exchange,condom promotion were performed according to baseline survey result.【Results】Totally 598 injection drug users were involved in the survey,most of them were males who were 20-39 years old,the major drug using way was injection.After the project was implemented for 1 year,the injection rate was reduced from 36.7 % to 32.4 %,the rate of using new needles increased from 51.8 % to 79.7 %;the rate of condom usage increased from 34.3 % to 40.5 %;the rate of getting new needles from outreach workers increased from 63.5 % to 96 %.【Conclusion】It's effective to implement harm reduction intervention(mainly needle and syringe exchange project) in the area where injection drug usage is serious.It can effectively reduce the high risk behaviors of injection drug users.
Isolated heart transplant and combined heart-liver transplant in adult congenital heart disease patients: Insights from the united network of organ sharing

Abstract Background/methods The aging patient with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) faces many challenges: heart failure, arrhythmia, and in the Fontan patient, liver disease. Our goal was to define combined heart liver transplant (CHLT) and isolated orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) outcomes in U.S. adult CHD patients. The U.S. United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) thoracic and liver databases were queried for cardiac and CHD diagnoses, from inception-2014. Results In CHLT, CHD made up 22% of waitlist patients (non-CHD n=262 vs. CHD n=58), and 20% of transplanted patients (non-CHD n=137 vs. CHD n=27). Liver function tests in the non-CHD and CHD groups were similar and there was no difference in CHD and non-CHD survival (HR 0.93, CI: 0.36–2.38, p 0.48). In isolated OHT, CHD patients comprised 2% of those listed (non-CHD n=74,080 vs. CHD n=1599) and transplanted (non-CHD n=48,985 vs. CHD n=967) and had higher early ( Conclusions Survival of CHD patients undergoing CHLT is no different than in non-CHD, encouraging consideration of CHLT when clinically appropriate. Short-term mortality is higher in CHD (vs. non-CHD) patients undergoing OHT, regardless of prior cardiac surgery status. Modifications to CHD classification within UNOS would help better understand CHD CHLT and OHT outcomes.
Kangaroo Mother Care 20 Years Later: Connecting Infants and Families

* Abbreviations: KMC — : kangaroo mother care SSC — : skin-to-skin care Kangaroo mother care (KMC), developed in Bogota, Columbia in the 1970s, was considered an innovative and daring practice at the time. Dr Nathalie Charpak and several colleagues introduced the world to a new way of caring for low birth weight infants: In comparison with the usual cautious practice of incubator nursing with severely restricted parental access and discharge only when a weight of 1700 g was attained, KMC involved “strapping the baby upright to the mother's chest in skin-to-skin contact, frequent [exclusive or nearly exclusive] breast feeding, formula supplements if weight gain did not exceed 20 g/day, and early discharge.”1 What now seems a usual intervention was at the time a revolution in newborn care. These scientist–clinicians courageously tested their new method in an observational cohort study2 and a randomized controlled trial,3 documenting equivalent survival among infants in the KMC and traditional care groups, thus demonstrating the safety of KMC to skeptics around the world. Since then, KMC in its original and newer flavors has been integrated into the … Address correspondence to Lydia Furman, MD, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rm 784, MS 6019, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44016. E-mail: lydia.furman{at}uhhospitals.org
Drought and immunity determine the intensity of West Nile virus epidemics and climate change impacts

The effect of global climate change on infectious disease remains hotly debated because multiple extrinsic and intrinsic drivers interact to influence transmission dynamics in nonlinear ways. The dominant drivers of widespread pathogens, like West Nile virus, can be challenging to identify due to regional variability in vector and host ecology, with past studies producing disparate findings. Here, we used analyses at national and state scales to examine a suite of climatic and intrinsic drivers of continental-scale West Nile virus epidemics, including an empirically derived mechanistic relationship between temperature and transmission potential that accounts for spatial variability in vectors. We found that drought was the primary climatic driver of increased West Nile virus epidemics, rather than within-season or winter temperatures, or precipitation independently. Local-scale data from one region suggested drought increased epidemics via changes in mosquito infection prevalence rather than mosquito abundance. In addition, human acquired immunity following regional epidemics limited subsequent transmission in many states. We show that over the next 30 years, increased drought severity from climate change could triple West Nile virus cases, but only in regions with low human immunity. These results illustrate how changes in drought severity can alter the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases.
Solid solution synthesis of tantalum carbide-hafnium carbide by spark plasma sintering

Solid solutions of Tantalum carbide (TaC) and Hafnium carbide (HfC) were synthesized by spark plasma sintering. Five different compositions (pure HfC, HfC-20 vol% TaC, HfC- 50 vol% TaC, HfC- 80 vol% TaC, and pure TaC) were sintered at 1850°C, 60 MPa pressure and a holding time of 10 min without any sintering aids. Near-full density was achieved for all samples, especially in the HfC-contained samples. The porosity in pure TaC samples was caused by the oxygen contamination (Ta2O5) on the starting powder surface. The addition of HfC increased the overall densification by transferring the oxygen contamination from TaC surface and forming ultrafine HfO2 and Hf-O-C grains. With the increasing HfC concentration, the overall grain size was reduced by 50% from HfC- 80 vol% TaC to HfC-20 vol% TaC sample. The solid solution formation required extra energy, which restricted the grain growth. The lattice parameters for the solid solution samples were obtained using X-ray diffraction which had an excellent match with the theoretical values computed using Vegard's Law. The mechanical properties of the solid solution samples outperformed the pure TaC and HfC carbides samples due to the increased densification and smaller grain size.
Prison Experience and Reoffending: Exploring the Relationship Between Prison Terms, Institutional Treatment, Infractions, and Recidivism for Sex Offenders:

Given that sex offenders have been found to serve longer prison terms compared with other types of violent criminals, it has been suggested that the influence of imprisonment may impact subsequent reoffending. However, institutional factors are often overlooked in risk assessment studies and very few risk assessment instruments include institutional items within their models. The current study explores prison experience explanations for recidivism among convicted sex offenders and indicates that, with respect to time served, both institutional treatment and institutional infractions demonstrate a significant impact. Findings indicate that misconduct in custody was positively associated with revocation and sexual recidivism. Moreover, longer periods of incarceration significantly increase postrelease reoffending for high-risk sex offenders. Policy implications are made regarding further modifications to risk assessment instruments that will take into account institutional risk factors.
Management of Phytophthora sojae of soybean: a review and future perspectives

Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann & Gerdemann has been a yield limiting factor for more than 60 years on soybean (Glycine max L.) in Ohio and other regions where soils are poorly drained. Soybean is the ...
Die Metapher der Keimzelle. Zur Analogie von sozialer und organischer Organisation

Mit der gesellschaftlichen Rezeption der modernen Biowissenschaften ruckte insbesondere eine Entitat wieder in den Fokus allgemeiner Aufmerksamkeit: Die menschliche Zelle steht in vielfaltiger Form im Zentrum der Debatten um mogliche Konsequenzen der Biowissenschaften - sei es hinsichtlich ihrer Bewertung als Individuum und Rechtssubjekt, als Analogie zu politischen oder familiaren Topoi. An der Wende vom 20. zum 21. Jahrhundert wurde ein metaphorisches Bedeutungsfeld wiederbelebt, dessen Wurzeln in der Anatomie und Biologie des 19. Jahrhunderts liegen und vor allem eine Parallelisierung von lebendem Organismus und gesellschaftlicher Struktur beinhaltet. Der Aufsatz fragt danach, auf welche Weise dieses scheinbar anachronistische Revival erfolgt und inwieweit die alte Parallelisierung von Organismus und Gesellschaft dabei selbst einer Transformation unterliegt.
Quantifying the probability of a shot in women’s collegiate soccer through absorbing Markov chains

A Bayesian model is used to evaluate the probability that a given skill performed in a specified area of the field will lead to a predetermined outcome by using discrete absorbing Markov chains. The transient states of the Markov process are defined by unique skill-area combinations. The absorbing states of the Markov process are defined by a shot, turnover, or bad turnover. Defining the states in this manner allows the probability of a transient state leading to an absorbing state to be derived. A non-informative prior specification of transition counts is used to permit the data to define the posterior distribution. A web application was created to collect play-by-play data from 34 Division 1 NCAA Women’s soccer matches for the 2013–2014 seasons. A prudent construction of updated transition probabilities facilitates a transformation through Monte Carlo simulation to obtain marginal probability estimates of each unique skill-area combination leading to an absorbing state. For each season, marginal probability estimates for given skills are compared both across and within areas to determine which skills and areas of the field are most advantageous.
The EMPOWER study: Promoting breast cancer screening—A randomized controlled trial (RCT) in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).

10506Background: Women treated with chest radiotherapy (RT) for childhood cancer should undergo annual surveillance mammography and breast MRI, but best methods of promoting this guideline-based sc...
220MV-900MV 794/584/754 GBPS/W Reconfigurable GF(2 4 )2 AES/SMS4/Camellia Symmetric-Key Cipher Accelerator in 14NM Tri-Gate CMOS

A reconfigurable AES/SMS4/Camellia symmetric-key cipher accelerator fabricated in 14nm CMOS achieves 3.17/2.68/3.17 Gbps throughput at 750mV, 25°C. Hybrid GF(24)2 Sbox-based unified datapath with in-line key expansion, polynomial optimization, scaled affine transform assisted multiply-less MixColumns with key-precompute, and shared round constant circuits result in a 9152 µm2design, a 29% area reduction over conventional separate implementations. Look-up-table (LUT) elimination enables sub-threshold operation down to 220mV, with 794/584/754Gbps/W peak energy-efficiency measured at 240mV.
Psychiatric and Psychological Factors that Impact Treatment Adherence and the Therapeutic Alliance with Treating Providers

Poor treatment adherence stems from multiple factors including qualities of the doctor-patient relationship, patient characteristics, psychiatric and psychological traits and disorders, and social determinants.
Are Near $AdS_2$ Spacetimes Dual to $AdS_2$ Black Holes?

We claim that there is a one to one correspondence between $NAdS_2$ spacetimes and dilatonic $AdS_2$ black holes. We show that these have the same thermodynamics and can be described by the same states of 1D CFTs with the same central charge. In addition, we show that these are actually the same set of solutions since a field redefinition in the Schwarzian theory transforms its equation of motion into the time independent part of the bulk Einstein equation. The deformations of the $AdS_2$ boundary as a function of the boundary time are exactly the conformal factor of the $AdS_2$ black hole metric as a function of the radial bulk coordinate.
A new conceptual model of experiences of aging in place in the United States: Results of a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on experiences of aging in place in the United States. Design Systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies. Data sources We searched six bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts), with no limits on publication date. Eligible studies reported peer-reviewed qualitative research on experiences of aging in place in the United States with full-text available in English. Review methods Three reviewers independently used Covidence software to screen titles and abstracts followed by full texts. We assessed quality and risk of bias using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using meta-ethnography, following Noblit and Hare's seven-step method of translation and synthesis to generate a novel conceptual model. Results Of 2659 papers screened, 37 unique studies were eligible for inclusion, reported in 38 publications. The studies were conducted in 16 states and published between 1994 and 2018. The included samples represented 1199 participants in total, with mean ages ranging from 48 to 91 years. The gender of the samples ranged from 20% to 100% female, with a median of 77%. One-third of the included studies did not report participants’ race/ethnicity, and half of the remaining study samples were at least 90% white; however, 20% of the studies focused exclusively on experiences of racial/ethnic minority older adults. Using meta-ethnography, we developed a new conceptual model of aging in place in the United States as a dynamic process of balancing threats and agency in relation to experiences of identity, connectedness, and place. We found that people aging in place were engaged in significant work to cope with unpredictable needs and challenges by changing their mindset, adapting their home environment to accommodate new needs, and finding different ways to connect with important people in their lives. Agency was shaped by resources and restrictions on choice, and where threats to aging in place outweighed an individual's sense of agency, the consequences included feelings of uncertainty, isolation, and dislocation. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of qualitative studies to evaluate experiences of aging in place in the United States. The findings of our meta-ethnographic synthesis led to the development of a new conceptual model of aging in place highlighting the dynamic tensions involved in balancing threats and agency.
Defining Your Project Using Microsoft Project 2019

At the end of the chapter, the reader should be able to perform the following Microsoft Project 2019 functions:
Adaption and pilot implementation of an autism executive functioning intervention in children’s mental health services: a mixed-methods study protocol

Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represent a growing population with significant service needs. Prominent among these needs are high rates of co-occurring psychiatric conditions that contribute to increased functional impairments and often necessitate mental health services. Executive functioning deficits are associated with ASD as well as common co-occurring conditions (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and an evidence-based intervention has been developed and tested to address executive functioning within the school context. There is an urgent need to implement indicated evidence-based interventions for youth with ASD receiving care in community mental health settings. Interventions that optimally “fit” the mental health services context as well as the complex and co-occurring mental health needs of these youth have the potential to improve key clinical outcomes for this high priority population. This mixed-methods developmental study will apply the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment implementation framework and a community-academic partnership approach to systematically adapt and test an evidence-based executive functioning intervention for youth with ASD for delivery in community mental health settings. Specific aims are to (1) conduct a need and context assessment to inform the systematic adaptation an executive functioning evidence-based intervention; (2) systematically adapt the clinical intervention and develop a corresponding implementation plan, together entitled “Executive Functioning for Enhancing Community-based Treatment for ASD,” (EFFECT for ASD); and (3) conduct a feasibility pilot test of EFFECT for ASD in community mental health settings. Tailoring evidence-based interventions for delivery in community-based mental health services for youth with ASD has the potential to increase quality of care and improve child outcomes. Results from the current study will serve as the foundation for large-scale hybrid implementation and effectiveness trials and a generalizable approach for different service systems of care and clinical populations. Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04295512 .
Sonic hedgehog signaling in astrocytes

Astrocytes are complex cells that perform a broad array of essential functions in the healthy and injured nervous system. The recognition that these cells are integral components of various processes, including synapse formation, modulation of synaptic activity, and response to injury, underscores the need to identify the molecular signaling programs orchestrating these diverse functional properties. Emerging studies have identified the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway as an essential regulator of the molecular identity and functional properties of astrocytes. Well established as a powerful regulator of diverse neurodevelopmental processes in the embryonic nervous system, its functional significance in astrocytes is only beginning to be revealed. Notably, Shh signaling is active only in discrete subpopulations of astrocytes distributed throughout the brain, a feature that has potential to yield novel insights into functional specialization of astrocytes. Here, we discuss Shh signaling and emerging data that point to essential roles for this pleiotropic signaling pathway in regulating various functional properties of astrocytes in the healthy and injured brain.
Phage Cocktails can Prevent the Evolution of Phage-Resistant Enterococcus

Antibiotic resistant Enterococcus infections are a major health crisis that requires the development of alternative therapies. Phage therapy could be an alternative to antibiotics and has shown promise in in vitro and in early clinical studies. Phage therapy is often deployed as a cocktail of phages, but there is little understanding of how to most effectively combine phages. Here we utilized a collection of 20 Enterococcus phages to test principles of phage cocktail design and determine the phenotypic effects of evolving phage resistance in Enterococcus isolates that were susceptible or resistant to antibiotics (e.g., Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)). We tested the ability of each phage to clear Enterococcus host cultures and prevent the emergence of phage resistant Enterococcus. We found that some phages which were ineffective individually were effective at clearing the bacterial culture when used in cocktails. To understand the dynamics within phage cocktails, we used qPCR to track which phages increased in abundance in each cocktail, and saw dynamics ranging from one dominant phage to even phage growth. Further, we isolated several phage-resistant mutants to test for altered Vancomycin sensitivity. We found that mutants tended to have no change or slightly increased resistance to Vancomycin. By demonstrating the efficacy of phage cocktails in suppressing growth of antibiotic susceptible and VRE clinical isolates when exposed to phages, this work will help to inform cocktail design for future phage therapy applications.
Characterizing the oligogenic architecture of plant growth phenotypes informs genomic selection approaches in a common wheat population.

Genetic variation in growth over the course of the season is a major source of grain yield variation in wheat, and for this reason variants controlling heading date and plant height are among the best-characterized in wheat genetics. While the major variants for these traits have been cloned, the importance of these variants in contributing to genetic variation for plant growth over time is not fully understood. Here we develop a biparental population segregating for major variants for both plant height and flowering time to characterize the genetic architecture of the traits and identify additional novel QTL. We find that additive genetic variation for both traits is almost entirely associated with major and moderate-effect QTL, including four novel heading date QTL and four novel plant height QTL. FT2 and Vrn-A3 are proposed as candidate genes underlying QTL on chromosomes 3A and 7A, while Rht8 is mapped to chromosome 2D. These mapped QTL also underlie genetic variation in a longitudinal analysis of plant growth over time. The oligogenic architecture of these traits is further demonstrated by the superior trait prediction accuracy of QTL-based prediction models compared to polygenic genomic selection models. In a population constructed from two modern wheat cultivars adapted to the southeast U.S., almost all additive genetic variation in plant growth traits is associated with known major variants or novel moderate-effect QTL. Major transgressive segregation was observed in this population despite the similar plant height and heading date characters of the parental lines. This segregation is being driven primarily by a small number of mapped QTL, instead of by many small-effect, undetected QTL. As most breeding populations in the southeast U.S. segregate for known QTL for these traits, genetic variation in plant height and heading date in these populations likely emerges from similar combinations of major and moderate effect QTL. We can make more accurate and cost-effective prediction models by targeted genotyping of key SNPs.
High schools and intergenerational mobility

Abstract While a large literature has documented substantial variation in social inequality based on levels of differentiation within secondary school systems, key mechanisms are largely untested. We explore the link between social inequality and intergenerational mobility in U.S. high schools. We describe patterns in intergenerational mobility in education and in social network composition across high schools in the U.S., using a sample of adolescents from the Add Health study. For each of the roughly 130 middle/high schools in our sample, we estimate intergenerational persistence coefficients: these describe the dependence of a child’s educational attainment on their parent's educational attainment. Using information on self-nominated friends of each sampled student, we also calculate measures of friend network segregation by mother's education: these indicate the degree to which the distribution of parental education differs between individual friend networks and the overall school population. We then estimate the impact of this form of social segregation on intergenerational mobility. We find that socially segregated schools are associated with lower intergenerational mobility. Precise measures of social segregation within the school show a greater impact on mobility than measures of spatial segregation in the county where the school is located. Schools may be able to affect intergenerational mobility through influencing the social networks that form among their students.
Did Smog Rules Influence Who Loses? Manufacturing Job Losses and the Great Recession

Several studies of environmental policy have shown that clean air rules may lead to job losses. It is not clear, however, if the rules’ job effects vary with the business cycle. I show that during the Great Recession, rules that targeted smog pollution did influence which industries suffered job losses. The industries that were most likely to suffer faced higher costs associated with new smog controls. Compared with control groups, employment fell by an extra 3%. The results support claims that the new smog controls shifted the incidence of the job losses brought about by the Great Recession.
Regulation of the Evolutionarily Conserved Muscle Myofibrillar Matrix by Cell Type Dependent and Independent Mechanisms

Skeletal muscles play a central role in human movement through forces transmitted by contraction of the sarcomere. We recently showed that mammalian sarcomeres are connected through frequent branches forming a singular, mesh-like myofibrillar matrix. However, the extent to which myofibrillar connectivity is evolutionarily conserved as well as mechanisms which regulate the specific architecture of sarcomere branching remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a myofibrillar matrix in the tubular, but not indirect flight (IF) muscles within Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, we find that loss of transcription factor H15 increases sarcomere branching frequency in the tubular jump muscles, and we show that sarcomere branching can be turned on in IF muscles by salm-mediated conversion to tubular muscles. Finally, we demonstrate that neurochondrin knockdown results in myofibrillar connectivity in IF muscles without conversion to tubular muscles. These data indicate an evolutionarily conserved myofibrillar matrix regulated by both cell-type dependent and independent mechanisms.
Metabolic Changes After a 24-Week Soccer-Based Adaptation of the Diabetes Prevention Program in Hispanic Males: A One-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial

Aims: One third of the U.S. adult population is estimated to have obesity-associated prediabetes. Hispanics have a 50% higher type 2 diabetes death rate compared to non-Hispanic whites, yet low participation in lifestyle change programs, making this subgroup an important target for prevention. Our objective was to determine the feasibility and the effects of an intervention implementing the Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) plus recreational soccer (RS) in Hispanic men. Methods: Overweight and obese Hispanic men, aged 30-57 years with prediabetes at screening were recruited (n=41). Trained soccer coaches led 30-minute facilitated discussion of the NDPP modules after each RS session, with two sessions per week for 12 weeks and once per week for the following 12 weeks. The 1-hour RS sessions followed the Football Fitness curriculum. Assessments included body mass index, waist circumference, bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 270), blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and validated physical fitness tests. Multilevel mixed models assessed the outcomes as a function of time and cohort and incorporated an unstructured covariance structure to examine the changes from baseline to 24 weeks. All analyses were conducted as intent-to-treat using SAS v 9.4. Results: Hispanic males (n=41; mean age 41.7 [0.1] years) were obese at baseline (mean BMI 32.7, standard error of mean [0.7], mean weight 93.9 [2.2] kg). Attendance rate was 65% overall at 12 weeks but differed between cohorts. Five mild injuries occurred over the trial. After 24 weeks of the NDPP+RS intervention, there were significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (%change -4.7[SE 2.4]; 95% CI [-11.5, -1.7] and -6.1 [1.7] mmHg; [-9.6, -2.6], respectively), HbA1c (-0.2 [0.1]; [-0.3, -0.1]), Despite significant reductions in weight (-3.8 [0.7]; [-5.2, -2.5]), waist circumference (-6.6 [0.7] cm; [-8.0, -5.1]), body fat % (-1.9 [0.5]; [-2.8, -1.0]), lean body mass was preserved (-0.9 [0.3]; [-1.6, -0.2]). Conclusion: A 24-week soccer-based adaptation of the Diabetes Prevention Program is safe and feasible among middle-aged Latino men.
Frank O'Hara rebuilds the Seagram Building: a radical poetry of event

This essay brings together architectural discourse and literary studies to consider alternative possibilities within our understanding of Cold War politics. It examines poems that figure Mies van der Rohe's Seagram Building as important to a radical politics and experimentalism in Frank O'Hara's early poetry. The figured Seagram Building – steeped in architectural modernist ideologies and nationalist corporate interests – works to open the possibility for a new ethics of encounter within midtown New York City. Deriving a connection between O'Hara's ‘I do this I do that poems’ and the politics of architectural space shows the need for O'Hara's poems to be resituated. They are not poems that chronicle the city, but rather should be read as akin to contemporaneous event scores and happenings. Like Fluxus scores, this poetry problematises the difference between hermeneutics and enactment as it critiques dominant modernist notions of ‘reading poetry’ in general.
A Comparison of American and Russian Patterns of Behavior in Buyer-Seller Negotiations Using Observational Measures

The study compares American and Russian patterns of conversational behaviors in the context of a simulated buyer-seller negotiation involving 60 American and 52 Russian businesspeople participating in intracultural, face-to-face bargaining sessions. Each session was tape-recorded, and the tapes were subsequently transcribed, translated, and coded for 20 content analysis categories. The behaviors of the Russians differed in some respects from the Americans, but overall we discovered surprising similarity in the patterns of bargaining behaviors. However, most importantly, the effects of those behaviors on negotiation outcomes (i.e., profits and satisfaction) were found to vary substantially across cultures.
Effects of platelet inhibitors on the platelet aggregation induced by plasma from patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Antiplatelet drugs have been used in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) but there in vivo efficacy remains controversial. It has been shown that, in vitro, the plasmas obtained from patients with TTP induced the aggregation of washed platelets from normal donors as well as patients in remission. The effects of platelet inhibitors on the TTP plasma-induced platelet aggregation were examined. It was found that aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, sulfinpyrazone, 5, 8, 11, 14-eisacotetraynoic acid, prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin I2, dBcAMP, apyrase, creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase, antimycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, dipyridamole, clofibrate, dextran 40, dextran 70, dibucaine, xylocaine, methylmaleimide, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid had little or no effect at all. These data lead us to conclude that at least in certain cases, antiplatelet drugs probably play a limited role in the treatment of patients with TTP.
OTITIS MEDIA (OM): A COMMON COMPLICATION OF NASOTRACHEAL INTUBATION (NTT) IN THE NEONATE

Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) are recorded in the Newborn Special Care Center at NBIMC prior to discharge. From 9/82 to 8/83 252 infants (INFS) had ABR evaluations. One hundred one INFS were ventilated through endotracheal tube. They were assessed by ABR and otoscopy at a mean postnatal age of 39 days (D). The mean birthweight(BW) of intubated INFS was 1895gms (580-4170), and mean duration of intubation was 5.8 D. NTI was used in 98 INFS, oral intubation in 3 and 18 had NTI and oral tubes. INFS 1250gms had 3.0mm tubes. Conductive hearing loss (CHL) was documented by ABR. All INFS with CHL had OM by otoscopic exam. CHL occurred in 29% (20/101) of intubated INFS, but only in 4.6% (7/151) of non-intubated INFS. Only INFS with NTI had CHL.
Superiority of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting: it's been a long time comin'.

A myriad of data have established the superiority of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) graft to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.1,2 Late patency rates of LITA-LAD grafts far exceed those of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) to the LAD, and ITA grafts avoid the late complications of vein graft atherosclerosis.3 Once an ITA graft is patent, late failure is extremely rare. These advantages are reflected in improved clinical outcomes. When compared with patients receiving only SVGs, patients receiving LITA-to-LAD grafts and SVGs to other vessels experience an improved long-term survival rate, fewer reoperations, and fewer cardiac hospital admissions.1,2 See p 2164 If one ITA graft is good, might two be better? Even before the demonstration of the benefit of LITA-LAD grafts in the 1980s, a minority of coronary artery surgeons used bilateral ITA (BITA) grafts for selected patients based on the premise that more extensive ITA use might further improve outcomes. However, the incremental benefit of BITA grafts over the LITA-LAD plus SVG strategy has been difficult to document, despite its apparent logic. Why has the benefit of BITA grafting been difficult to show? Probably for multiple reasons. First, the LITA-LAD plus SVG strategy produces very good outcomes during the first postoperative decade. Therefore, to show improved outcomes, a large sample size is needed and those patients must be followed for relatively long postoperative intervals. BITA grafting has not been a common operation at most institutions, and the length of follow-up has often been short. Also, if it is the case that only some patient subgroups benefit from BITA grafting, the sample size needed to produce a statistically significant difference becomes greater. Second, no randomized data exist comparing BITA and single ITA (SITA) surgical strategies and, in nonrandomized comparisons, patient and surgeon-related factors introduce potentially …
Gladstone: God and Politics – By Richard Shannon

Those familiar with Richard Shannon's two‐volume biography of W. E. Gladstone [1982 and 1999] will know of his antipathy toward the man about whom he has written at such length. Having himself conc...