cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections of the Hand : Prevalence and Timeliness of Treatment

Purpose The prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ca-MRSA) appears to be increasing, but the timeliness of appropriate antibiotic delivery is often delayed. We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of ca-MRSA infections in an urban setting, time from presentation to the hospital to appropriate antibiotic delivery, and differences in length of stay between the ca-MRSA and non-MRSA hand infections. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all visits for hand infection cases to the emergency room of an urban academic medical center over a 12-month period. A formal hand infection algorithm was used in the treatment of each patient. All patients with culture-positive hand infections were included for evaluation. Infections determined to be nosocomial or not community-acquired were excluded. Patient demographics, laboratory studies, culture results, antibiotic delivery, and length of stay data were collected. Results A total of 85 patients (55 male) with an average age of 39 years met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence rate of ca-MRSA hand infections was 55%. The average time to appropriate antibiotic delivery for ca-MRSA infection was 12 hours, versus 2.64 hours for non-MRSA hand infections (p > .5). The average length of stay was 4.0 days for ca-MRSA infections and 3.5 days for non-MRSA infections (p > .05). Univariate and multivariate analysis identified intravenous drug abuse and a serum white blood cell count of >8.7 as independent risk factors for ca-MRSA hand infections. Conclusions Community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections of the hand continue to increase in urban settings. With the use of a formal hand infection treatment algorithm, we did not identify a statistical difference in appropriate antibiotic delivery time and length of stay between ca-MRSA and non-MRSA hand infections. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic IV.
An assessment of the empirical validity and conceptualization of individual level multivariate studies of lifestyle/routine activities theory published from 1995 to 2005

Abstract Although routine activities (RA) theory has become a staple of mainstream criminology, little research has critically evaluated the “quality” of the theory. The purpose of this article is to assess the empirical validity and conceptualization of routine activities theory by reviewing individual level multivariate studies that have been published in mainstream journals from 1995 to 2005. First, the empirical validity of RA theory is assessed by examining the pattern of multivariate findings for four key concepts (target attractiveness, guardianship, deviant lifestyles, and exposure to potential offenders). Next, the pattern of findings is examined to determine if they are invariant across time/space/place. Third, areas of conceptual ambiguity are highlighted by identifying variables categorized under more than one key concept. Finally, the theoretical implications, limitations of the current study, and areas for future research are discussed.
Surface currents within and offshore of Monterey Bay as mapped by a multiple-site HF radar (CODAR) network

Near surface two-dimensional current observations are presented from a network of HF radar systems around the shores of Monterey Bay, California. Data from two SeaSonde systems and one CODAR system is described for the period August through October, 1994. (Each of these radar systems uses direction finding techniques to steer the observations based on radar returns on three co-located antennae). Robust low frequency and tidal-period current features are discussed and related to historical in situ measurements and earlier CODAR observations in this area.
Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Fast Multipole Implementations

We present the performance of the fast molecular dynamics (FMD) code designed for efficient, object-oriented, and scalable large scale molecular simulations. FMD uses an implementation of the three-dimensional fast multipole method, FMM3D, developed in our group. The Fast Multipole Method offers an efficient way (order O(N)) to handle long range electrostatic interactions, thus enabling a more realistic molecular dynamics simulation of large molecular systems. The performance testing was carried out on IBM SP2, SGI Origin 2000, and CRAY T3E systems with the MPI message passing system. Two models, a random charged particle model of up to 100,000 charges wth only non-bonded interactions, and a real molecular model of more than 35,000 atoms with full atomic interactions, are used for the order-N and parallel scalability testing. An application to a liquid crystalline material will be discussed.
Using Program Attributes to Measure and Evaluate State Economic Development Strategies

In this article, the author analyzes the substance of state-level economic development programs and distills their essential attributes to create measures that distinguish locational from entrepreneurial economic development strategies. After assessing the validity and reliability of the measures, the author assesses whether these strategies are associated with economic growth. Findings indicate that entrepreneurial economic development strategies increase manufacturing employment but have no effect on changes in total state product or aggregate employment. Industrial recruitment strategies are found to have a negative effect on employment growth in the finance, insurance, and real estate sectors. No positive “spinoff” effects to secondary or tertiary economic sectors are associated with either strategy.
Single Landmark Navigation By Mobile Robots

Mobile robots may use naturally occurring or man-made landmarks to navigate over different types of terrain. Many navigational techniques require the simultaneous detection of two or more landmarks in order to update deduced reckoning position estimates, requiring a high density of identifiable reference points. Analytical methods and formulae are presented which permit navigation using a single landmark, given sensorderived azimuth angle, elevation angle, or range information. Experimental results using an infrared beacon are discussed, together with predictions of required sensor resolution for a specified positional error range. The results indicate that the need for identifiable landmarks may be greatly reduced, while the use of local reference frames could facilitate symbolic processing of path data.
Enchanced multi-threshold (MTCMOS) circuits using variable well bias

Advanced CMOS technology can enable high levels of performance with reduced active power at the expense of increased standby leakage, MTCMOS has previously been described as a method of reducing leakage in standby modes, by addition of a power supply interrupt switch. Enhancements using variable well bias and layout techniques are described and demonstrate increased performance and reduced leakage over conventional MTCMOS circuits.
Paternal physical and sedentary activities in relation to semen quality and reproductive outcomes among couples from a fertility center

Study question Is paternal physical activity associated with semen quality parameters and with outcomes of infertility treatment? Summary answer Among men presenting for infertility treatment, weightlifting and outdoor activities were associated with higher sperm concentrations but not with greater reproductive success. What is already known Higher physical activity is related to better semen quality but no studies to date have investigated whether it predicts greater reproductive success. Study design, size, duration The Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study is an on-going prospective cohort study which enrolls subfertile couples presenting at Massachusetts General Hospital (2005-2013). In total, 231 men provided 433 semen samples and 163 couples underwent 421 IVF or intrauterine insemination cycles. Participants/materials, setting, methods Leisure time spent in physical and sedentary activities over the past year was self-reported using a validated questionnaire. We used mixed models to analyze the association of physical and sedentary activities with semen quality and with clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Main results and the role of chance Men in this cohort engaged in a median of 3.2 h/week of moderate-to-vigorous activities. Men in the highest quartile of moderate-to-vigorous activity had 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9, 87%) higher sperm concentrations than men in the lowest quartile (P-trend = 0.04). Men in the highest category of outdoor activity (≥1.5 h/week) and weightlifting (≥2 h/week) had 42% (95% CI 10, 84%) and 25% (95% CI -10, 74%) higher sperm concentrations, respectively, compared with men in the lowest category (0 h/week) (P-trend = 0.04 and 0.02). Conversely, men who reported bicycling ≥1.5 h/week had 34% (95% CI 4, 55%) lower sperm concentrations compared with men who reported no bicycling (P-trend = 0.05). Paternal physical and sedentary activities were not related to clinical pregnancy or live birth rates following infertility treatment. Limitations, reasons for caution The generalizability of the findings on live birth rates to populations not undergoing infertility treatment is limited. Wider implications of the findings Certain types of physical activity, specifically weightlifting and outdoor activities, may improve semen quality but may not lead to improved success of infertility treatments. Further research is needed in other non-clinical populations. Study funding/competing interests The authors are supported by NIH grants R01-ES009718, ES000002, P30-DK046200, T32-DK007703-16 and ES022955 T32-HD060454. None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare.
Implications of supersymmetric origins for monojets

Abstract Events with large missing momentum, seen at the CERN collider, could be produced by various supersymmetric processes. The broad implications for supersymmetric models are considered. For the case of squark pair production, it is found that N = 1 supergravity models become very highly constrained. Further experimental consequences of each mechanism are pointed out.
Computational Delineation of the Bioenergetics of Protein-Mediated Orchestration of Membrane Vesiculation in Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis

Internalization of extracellular cargo by eukaryotic cells via the clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) is an important regulatory process prominent in several cellular functions. Subsequent to receptor activation, a sequence of molecular events in CDE is responsible for the recruitment of various accessory proteins such as AP-2, epsin, AP180, eps15, dynamin, amphiphysin, endophilin, and clathrin to the plasma membrane to orchestrate membrane vesiculation. While the involvement of these proteins have been established and their roles in membrane deformation, cargo recognition, and vesicle scission have been identified, current conceptual understanding falls short of a mechanistic description of the cooperativity and the bioenergetics of the underlying vesicle nucleation event which we address here using theoretical models based on an elastic continuum representation for the membrane and atomistic to coarse-grained representations for the proteins. We employ the surface evolution approach to describe membrane geometries by minimizing the Helfrich Hamiltonian in a curvilinear coordinate system and address how the energetics of vesicle formation in a membrane is impacted by the presence of a growing clathrin coat. We consider two limiting scenarios: (1) the clathrin assembly model in which the clathrin coat induces membrane curvature by forming a curvilinear scaffold; (2) the accessory curvature-inducing protein assembly model, in which the clathrin lattice merely serves as a template to spatially pattern curvature inducing proteins such as epsin which collectively induce membrane curvature. Analyzing the energy required for vesicle formation from a planar bilayer, we demonstrate the role of the CDE protein assembly in driving membrane vesiculation. Furthermore, using a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau formalism along with the thermodynamic method of free energy perturbation, we calculate the free energy the nucleated vesicle and quantify the finite-temperature corrections to the energy landscape of vesicle nucleation in CDE.
A Maximum NEC Criterion for Compton Collimation to Accurately Identify True Coincidences in PET

In this work, we propose a new method to increase the accuracy of identifying true coincidence events for positron emission tomography (PET). This approach requires 3-D detectors with the ability to position each photon interaction in multi-interaction photon events. When multiple interactions occur in the detector, the incident direction of the photon can be estimated using the Compton scatter kinematics (Compton Collimation). If the difference between the estimated incident direction of the photon relative to a second, coincident photon lies within a certain angular range around colinearity, the line of response between the two photons is identified as a true coincidence and used for image reconstruction. We present an algorithm for choosing the incident photon direction window threshold that maximizes the noise equivalent counts of the PET system. For simulated data, the direction window removed 56%-67% of random coincidences while retaining >; 94% of true coincidences from image reconstruction as well as accurately extracted 70% of true coincidences from multiple coincidences.
TRPV Ion Channels and Sensory Transduction of Osmotic and Mechanical Stimuli in Mammals

In signal transduction in metazoan cells, ion channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family have been identified as responding to diverse external and inter- nal stimuli, amongst them osmotic stimuli. This chapter will highlight findings on the TRP vanilloid (TRPV) subfamily - both vertebrate and invertebrate members. Of the six mammalian TRPV channels, TRPV1, 2 and 4 have been demonstrated to function in transduction of osmotic stimuli. TRPV channels have been found to function in cellular as well as systemic osmotic homeostasis in vertebrates. Invertebrate TRPV channels - five in Caenorhabditis elegans and two in Drosophila - have been shown to play a role in mechanosensation such as hearing and proprioception in Drosophila and nose touch in C. elegans, and in the response to osmotic stimuli in C. elegans. In a striking example of evolutionary conservation of function, mammalian TRPV4 has been found to rescue osmo- and mechano-sensory deficits of the TRPV mutant strain osm-9 in C. elegans, despite the fact that the respective proteins share not more than 26% orthology.
Comments on: Penetration of a cervical radicular artery during a transforaminal epidural injection.

Dear Editor, As a physician who performs cervical transforaminal injections on a daily basis, I read with great interest the recent case study by Drs. Verrills, Nowesenitz, and Barnard concerning the “inadvertent” cannulation of a cervical radicular artery during the conduct of a C5-6 transforaminal injection [1]. The images of the radicular-medullary artery and its anastamoses with the anterior spinal artery are exceptional, although the small size of the pictures makes interpretation challenging. As noted by the authors, over the past decade, several dozen catastrophic complications have been reported following cervical, and lumbar, transforaminal injections. Questions have been appropriately raised as …
Synthesis of 2-Acetylindene

Abstract In connection with natural products synthesis, we had need of 2-acetylindene (IV). The only reported synthesis of this compound is by Rupe and Muller in 1921.1 These workers formylated benzylacetone (I) and cyclized the major compound (assumed to be II) with acid to give a solid, mp 122°, reported to be IV.
Learning Visual Units after Brief Experience in 10-Month-Old Infants.

How does perceptual learning take place early in life? Traditionally, researchers have focused on how infants make use of information within displays to organize it, but recently, increasing attention has been paid to the question of how infants perceive objects differently depending upon their recent interactions with the objects. This experiment investigates 10-month-old infants’ use of brief prior experiences with objects to visually organize a display consisting of multiple geometrically shaped three-dimensional blocks created for this study. After a brief exposure to a multipart portion of the display, each infant was shown two test events, one of which preserved the unit the infant had seen and the other of which broke that unit. Overall, infants looked longer at the event that broke the unit they had seen prior to testing than the event that preserved that unit, suggesting that infants made use of the brief prior experience to (a) form a cohesive unit of the multipart portion of the display they saw prior to test and (b) segregate this unit from the rest of the test display. This suggests that infants made inferences about novel parts of the test display based on limited exposure to a subset of the test display. Like adults, infants learn features of the three-dimensional world through their experiences in it.
Definition and Implications of the Preventable Stroke.

Importance Although patients with acute stroke are routinely evaluated for potential treatment (ie, treatability of the stroke), preventability of the presenting stroke is generally not seriously considered. Objective To systematically analyze stroke preventability. Design, Setting, and Participants We evaluated medical records of 274 consecutive patients discharged with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke between December 2, 2010, and June 11, 2012, at the University of California Irvine Medical Center. Mean (SE) patient age was 67.2 (0.8) years. Data analysis was conducted from July 3, 2014, to August 4, 2015. Exposures Medical records were systematically examined for demographic information, stroke risk factors, stroke severity, and acute stroke treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures We defined stroke preventability as the degree to which the patient’s presenting stroke was preventable. Using variables easily determined at onset of stroke, we developed a 10-point scale (0, not preventable; 10, most preventable) to classify the degree of stroke preventability. Our focus was effectiveness of treatment of hypertension (0-2 points), hyperlipidemia (0-2 points), and atrial fibrillation (0-4 points), as well as use of antithrombotic treatment for known prior cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (0-2 points). Results Total risk scores ranged from 0 to 8 (mean [SE], 2.2 [0.1]), with 207 patients (75.5%) exhibiting some degree of preventability (score of 1 or higher). Seventy-one patients (25.9%) had scores of 4 or higher, indicating that the stroke was highly preventable. Severity of stroke as determined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was not related to preventability of stroke. However, 21 of 71 patients (29.6%) whose stroke was highly preventable were treated with intravenous or intra-arterial acute stroke therapy while these treatments were provided for only 13 of 67 patients (19.4%) with scores of 0 (no preventability) and 19 of 136 patients (14.0%) with scores of 1 to 3 (low preventability) ( P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance Most patients with acute stroke exhibited some degree of preventability. Preventability and treatment of stroke were significantly associated, indicating that the most preventable strokes paradoxically were more likely to receive acute treatment.
Choosing Between Lecture and Briefing Sessions

The World Wide Web, online course material, electronic databases, and e-books present a unique challenge to traditionally approached curriculum delivery. With the Millennial student in mind teaching focus is no longer on how knowledge should be transferred, but how knowledge should be managed.
Urological Complications Secondary to a Contraceptive Diaphragm

Severe urinary tract complications secondary to a chronic indwelling contraceptive diaphragm are described in a patient who presented with urinary incontinence.
Response to Burgers et al.

In our study (Johnson et al., 2015), we concluded that DNA polymerase (Pol) δ replicates both the leading and lagging DNA strands and that Pole plays no significant role in leading-strand replication. In their Letter in this issue of Molecular Cell, Burgers et al. (2016) contend that their model wherein Pole primarily replicates the leading strand still remains valid and suggest that (1) our strains contain suppressors, (2) our observed G→T mutations originate in the lagging strand, and (3) ribonucleotide incorporation data support their model.
RHIPIDOLESTES FASCIA SPEC. NOV AND RHIPIDOLESTES LII SPEC. NOV, TWO NEW DRAGONFLIES FROM CUIZHOU, CHINA (ZYGOPTERA: MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE)

Rhipidolestes fascia sp. nov (holotype (?) , Ghishui, Guizhou, 18—Ⅴ—2000) and Rhipidolestes lii sp. nov (holotype (?) , Kishui, Guizhou. 8—Ⅵ—2000) are described. The type specimens are deposited in the Zhejiang Museum of History, Ha Hangzhou,China. Rhipidolestes is a small genus, extending from Burma,through southern China and Taiawan to Japan, 16 known species, 11 of which are known from China. (Wilson, 2000). Two new species from west—south China are described in this paper.
An Economic Impact Study of the Illinois Shakespeare Festival

This study will be focused specifically on creating an economic impact study and identifying an economic multiplier for the ISF that has the potential to be used by its marketing or grant writing team as evidence of the festival's economic value to the community.
ADEA President-Elect's address.

Good afternoon, students, faculty, program directors, deans, administrators, corporate partners, distinguished guests, and friends. I cannot tell you what an honor and privilege it is for me to stand before you today at the opening of the 2012 ADEA House of Delegates. If someone had told me twenty-
Using a Student Consultant in a Computer Science Course: An Experience Report

This paper describes the experience of using a student consultant in a sophomore level computer science course. A student consultant is a student who is not enrolled in the course, but attends selected class sessions and provides feedback on the in-class experience to the instructor, with the goal of improving some aspect of the course. In this paper we describe our experience with such a program from the point of view of both the instructor and the student consultant. We provide our views of the experience with the dual goals of making student consultant programs better known within the computer science education community, and to provide guidance and insight to those who may wish to use such a program themselves.
Identifying Moderators of Treatment Outcome for Children with Autism

The identification of variables that affect treatment outcomes and the development of individualized treatment protocols for children with autism have become a research priority for both researchers and funding agencies. Research indicates the inadequacy of one single treatment approach for all areas of learning for children with autism (National Research Council, 2001; Schreibman, 2000). Indeed, there is now a consensus that there is no “one-size-fits-all” treatment for autism. Despite the benefits for many children, differential response to treatment is common for any behavioral approach, in that up to 50% of children fail to show substantial positive responses. While several different treatment models have been developed and separately empirically validated, little research has addressed when and for whom each intervention is most appropriate. Very little is known about how to individualize treatment protocols or how to best determine a priori which intervention is most likely to benefit individual children (Schreibman, 2000; Sherer & Schreibman, 2005; Yoder & Comptom, 2004). Individualization research requires an understanding of the pre-treatment characteristics associated with differential outcomes in treatment, including child, family, and practitioner variables. The ultimate goal of this line of research is to enable practitioners to prospectively tailor treatments to specific children and increase the overall rate of positive outcomes for children with autism.
Elementary Momentum Equation Derivation for NKG

We present here a direct verification of the energy and momentum conservation laws for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation without magnetic field.
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Esophagus

Neuroendocrine system is not well developed in the esophagus, and as a result esophageal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are extremely rare. Anatomically esophageal NETs are classified under foregut neuroendocrine neoplasm (NENs) category, and their grading and staging follows the general rule as for foregut NETs of elsewhere. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations and molecular pathway dysregulations have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of esophageal NENs including mTOR pathway. The most common presenting symptom of esophageal NET is dysphagia. Cases of typical carcinoid syndrome in NET of esophagus are very rare, and as its lung counterpart, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) can be seen in association with esophageal NET in extremely rare occasions as well. The 2010 WHO classification system divides NENs of esophagus into low- to intermediate-grade (grade 1–2) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and high-grade (grade 3) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs, large or small cell type), according to their histopathologic characterization and proliferation rate. Esophagus is the most common site of small cell carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract and histologically indistinguishable from its counterpart in the lung. However, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of esophagus may have a much more aggressive clinical course and tends to metastasize early. Despite combination radio-chemotherapies, the overall survival is very poor.
Prolonged Repetitive Head Trauma Induces a Singular Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy–Like Pathology in White Matter Despite Transient Behavioral Abnormalities

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), resulting from insults caused by an external mechanical force that disrupts normal brain function, has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer disease; however, neither the severity nor frequency of head injury required to trigger adverse behavioral outcomes is well understood. In this study, the administration of 30 head impacts using two different weights to lightly anesthetized, completely unrestrained mice established a paradigm that simulates the highly repetitive nature of sports- and military-related head injury. As the number of head impacts increases, the time to recover consciousness diminishes; however, both the sensorimotor function and behavioral outcomes of impacted mice evolve during the ensuing weeks. Postmortem analyses reveal robust Alzheimer disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy–like conditions that manifest in a singular manner throughout the white matter concomitant with evidence of chronic oligodendrogenesis. Our data suggest that latency to recover the righting reflex may be an inadequate measure of injury severity and imply that exposure to repeated head impacts may mask the severity of an underlying and developing neuropathologic condition that does not manifest itself until long after head collisions cease. In addition, our data indicate that there is a cumulative and dose-dependent effect of repetitive head impacts that induces the neurobehavioral and neuropathologic outcomes seen in humans with a history of rmTBI.
Student Involvement in the Assessment of Learning

An integral part of student-centered learning is involving students in assessing their own class room performance, tests, and products. When students assess their own work, they acquire a sense of responsibility for and control of their own learning. Students can be involved in assessment by participating in student-led conferences, by using self-assess ment techniques, and by compiling and assessing portfolios of their own and others' work. The books, ERIC documents, and jour nal articles summarized in this column provide a guide to some recent discussions of various kinds of student-centered assess
Advances in Vibrationally Resonant Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

Vibrationally resonant sum-frequency generation microscopy is a member of the family of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques. It enables chemically selective imaging of non-centrosymmetric structures. We present the latest advances in this field.
Assessing Question Quality Using NLP.

An NLP algorithm was developed to assess question quality to inform feedback on questions generated by students within iSTART (an intelligent tutoring system that teaches reading strategies). A corpus of 4575 questions was coded using a four-level taxonomy. NLP indices were calculated for each question and machine learning was used to predict question quality. NLP indices related to lexical sophistication modestly predicted question type. Accuracies improved when predicting two levels (shallow versus deep).
The World-Wide Impact of Dementia. Projections of Prevalance and Costs

The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is age-dependent, rising exponentially with increasing age. As a result the number of cases of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease have risen this century, as the number of persons over age 65 has dramatically increased. During the next 50 years, the aging of the population will continue worldwide. According to 1996 United Nations projections, the population in the more developed countries will decline slightly from 1.19 to 1.16 billion between the years 2000 and 2050 but the number of individuals age 65 and over will increase from 169 million (14.2% of the population) to 287 million (24.7% of the population). Utilizing conservative prevalence estimates the number of individuals with dementia in developed countries will increase from 13.5 million in the year 2000 to 36.7 million in the year 2050, as an increasing number of very elderly survive. By 2050, incident cases of dementia in the United States will approach the number of incident cases of cancer. Formal and informal costs to care for patients with dementia will increase at least twoand-a-half-fold in constant dollars during this 50-year period.
Global Intermedia Agenda Setting: A Big Data Analysis of International News Flow

This study contributes to international news flow literature methodologically, by significantly expanding its scope, and theoretically, by incorporating intermedia agenda-setting theory, through which we reveal how news media in different countries influence each other in covering international news. With a big data analysis of 4,708 online news sources from 67 countries in 2015, the study shows that wealthier countries not only continue to attract most of the world news attention, they are also more likely to decide how other countries perceive the world. However, international news flow is not as hierarchical and U.S.-centric as found earlier. Online-only, emerging media in core countries are not necessarily more impactful in setting the world news agenda than those in (semi)peripheral countries.
Combination of QTL affecting acylsugar chemistry reveals additive and epistatic genetic interactions to increase acylsugar profile diversity

The tomato breeding line, CU071026, was bred to accumulate high levels of the insect control compounds called acylsugars, which are exuded from glandular trichomes. The acylsugars of CU071026 exhibit a characteristic profile of acylsugar composition and constituent fatty acid acyl groups that is distinct from that of the progenitor wild tomato, Solanum pennellii LA716. A prior study reported the transfer of three QTL (FA2, FA7, and FA8), from S. pennellii LA716, that are associated with changes in acylsugar chemistry into CU071026 and demonstrated that the resulting lines, each of which possesses one of these QTL, displayed a unique acylsugar and fatty acid profile distinct from that characteristic of the acylsugars of CU071026 and each other. The current study utilized marker-assisted backcrossing to combine pairs of two of these QTL or all three of these QTL. This created a new set of lines, which allowed evaluation of the combinatory effects of FA2QTL, FA7QTL, and FA8QTL, on acylsugar level and acylsugar and fatty acid profile and diversity. Analysis of the new tomato lines revealed that these QTL interacted additively and epistatically to alter acylsugar level and chemistry, increasing the diversity of fatty acid constituents and/or acylsugar chemotypes present in the exudates of some of the lines. Extensive characterization of the lines for acylsugar level, through a spectrophotometric invertase assay, and acylsugar chemistry, through gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, allowed association of the QTL interactions with aspects of acylsugar chemotype. The evaluated fatty acids and acylsugars accumulated by the set of lines generally displayed high heritability and minimal environmental effect, which is discussed. The QTL interactions that govern a more diverse acylsugar and fatty acid profile provide valuable information for the generation of tomato lines with improved acylsugar efficacy against pests of tomato.
Correction: Fundamental studies of an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma sustained in nitrogen for atomic emission spectrometry

Correction for ‘Fundamental studies of an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma sustained in nitrogen for atomic emission spectrometry’ by Nahid Chalyavi et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ja00159b.
Anisotropic and nonlinear biaxial mechanical response of porcine small bowel mesentery

Intestinal malrotation places pediatric patients at the risk of midgut volvulus, a complication that can lead to ischemic bowel, short gut syndrome, and even death. Even though the treatments for symptomatic patients of this complication are clear, it is still a challenge to identify asymptomatic patients who are at a higher risk of midgut volvulus and decide on a suitable course of treatment. Development of an accurate computerized model of this intestinal abnormality could help in gaining a better understanding of its integral behavior. To aid in developing such a model, in the current study, we have characterized the biaxial mechanical properties of the porcine small bowel mesentery. First, the tissue stress-strain response was determined using a biaxial tensile testing equipment. The stress-strain data were then fitted into a Fung-type phenomenological constitutive model to quantify the tissue material parameters. The stress-strain responses were highly nonlinear, showing more compliance at the lower strains following by a rapid transition into a stiffer response at higher strains. The tissue was anisotropic and showed more stiffness in the radial direction. The data fitted the Fung-type constitutive model with an average R-squared value of 0.93. An averaging scheme was used to produce a set of material parameters which can represent the generic mechanical behavior of the tissue in the models.
The Claustrum and the Cerebral Cortex

For nearly a century, the identity and function of the claustrum have presented a puzzle. Its location adjacent to the putamen suggests that it belongs to the basal ganglia, but its afferent and efferent connections are mainly with the cortex, implying that, despite its subcortical location, the claustrum deals primarily with cortical information.
Aflatoxin Occurrence in Samples of Commercial Corn Meal Sold in Virginia: 1983-1986

Corn products which reach consumers on a daily basis have been shown to contain mycotoxins including the highly carcinogenic aflatoxins (AFTs) (Nout and Saint Hilaire, 1983). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has set 20 ppb as an action level. AFTs in corn products at levels greater than 20 ppb are not allowed for human consumption. These toxins survive most commercial food processing treatments, but ammonification treatments have shown success in reducing the levels of AFTs found in processed corn products (Brekke et al., 1978; Nofsinger and Anderson, 1979).
Rural/urban residence and childhood and adolescent cancer survival in the United States

BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, no previous study has examined the relationship between rural/urban residence and childhood or adolescent cancer survival in the United States. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database, the authors examined childhood and adolescent cancer survival by rural/urban residence as defined by Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCs). METHODS The authors obtained data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries for individuals diagnosed at ages birth to 19 years with a first primary malignant cancer from 2000 through 2010. Rural/urban residence at the time of diagnosis was defined using both metropolitan/nonmetropolitan county classifications and individual RUCC categories. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between rural/urban residence and cancer survival. The authors also examined effect modification by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and cancer type. RESULTS Among 41,879 cancer cases, approximately 54.7% were non-Hispanic white, 54.3% were male, and 90.4% lived in a metropolitan county. Individuals living in nonmetropolitan counties versus metropolitan counties had a similar risk of cancer death (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94-1.13) as did those living in nonmetropolitan rural counties with <2500 individuals nonadjacent to a metropolitan area versus those living in metropolitan counties of ≥1 million individuals (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.71-1.37). Evidence for effect modification largely was absent. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that childhood and adolescent cancer survival in the United States does not vary by rural/urban residence at the time of diagnosis as defined by RUCCs. The widespread availability of public health insurance for children and adolescents and a nationwide network of pediatric cancer providers may explain this finding.
The Current Psychiatric Mental Health Registered Nurse Workforce.

OBJECTIVE: To define and describe the current psychiatric mental health registered nursing (PMHN) workforce providing care for persons with mental health and substance use conditions, evaluate sour...
Intelligent adaptive automation: A framework for an activity-driven and user-centered building automation

Abstract In recent years, technological advances have substantially extended the capabilities of building automation. Despite the achieved advances, evidently, automation have not been widely adopted by occupants in buildings. To enhance automation adoptability, automation procedure in buildings should involve determination of user's preferred automation levels, in different conditions and control contexts and learning preference dynamics in time. In line with this motivation, in this paper we introduce a building automation that learns occupant's preferences continuously to fully or partially control the service systems in buildings based on a set of dynamic rules that are generated with the insight about user's preferences and activities. The algorithmic components of our proposed automation include (1) dynamic command planning, (2) adaptive local learning, and (3) iterative global learning. In order to evaluate these algorithms, we used a combination of real and synthetic user activity and preference data from an office with five occupants and an apartment with one occupant. Based on our results from evaluation of adaptive local learning, after a certain number of days (i.e., 8.5 days in average) the accuracy of predicting participants’ preference reached to an acceptable value (i.e., above 85%). About 24% to 75%, 5% to 45%, and 6% to 49% of the total daily energy consumption of the participants could be saved using full automation, adaptive automation and inquisitive automation, respectively. Our results for evaluating iterative global learning algorithm showed that adaptive automation has the highest sum of the rewards from achieved benefit and user satisfaction and inquisitive automation has the second highest reward values. Full automation and no automation came in third and last spots, respectively.
Sensor arrays from spectroscopically-encoded polymers: Towards an affordable diagnostic device for biomolecules

Abstract Cross-reactive sensor arrays have recently emerged as a powerful tool in medical diagnostics. Here we present a sensor array based on inexpensive, spectroscopically self-encoded polymers. The array was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy before and after exposure to a series of analyte solutions. The changes in the polymers’ vibrational fingerprints were further quantified using Pearson’s correlation coefficient between spectra before and after exposure. Multivariate data analysis, including hierarchical clustering analysis and k-means clustering was then performed to evaluate sensor selectivity for a given analyte. Our results demonstrated that the selected polymer-based sensors provide a unique and reproducible pattern for each analyte and was used to identify an optimal array for the selective identification of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein, a marker for HCV. These results suggest that an array with high specificity and affinity for any protein could be designed from pre-selected polymers, thus establishing the potential of this strategy for rapid and affordable disease diagnosis.
Feature space monitoring for smart manufacturing via statistics pattern analysis

Abstract Statistical process monitoring (SPM) is an important component in the long-term reliable operation of any system and its importance can only become greater in the era of smart manufacturing (SM). Previously we proposed statistics pattern analysis (SPA) based on the idea of using various statistics to quantify process characteristics, and monitoring these statistics instead of process variables themselves to perform process monitoring. In this work we provide a comprehensive review on recent progresses made in SPA framework, which underpins a roadmap of SPM we outlined recently. Both sample-wise feature extraction and variable-wise feature extraction are discussed, with new applications in both fault detection and diagnosis, and soft sensor development. Specifically, we provide the first systematic examination on the SPA's capability in handling process characteristics including dynamics, nonlinearity and data non-Gaussianity; and compare its performance to representative state-of-the-art SPM methods to highlight the enhanced capability of feature-based monitoring. In addition, the performance of SPA is tested using the benchmark industrial simulator TEP for fault detection and diagnosis, plus a wet lab and an industrial case studies for soft sensor development. Finally, the advantages and potential limitations of SPA in addressing the new challenges presented by smart manufacturing big data are discussed.
Acetaminophen-associated methemoglobinemia

To the Editor,We appreciate the interest expressed by Sahu et al. [1] in our two cases of acetaminophen-associated methemoglobinemia [2]. They raise a number of interesting points that merit discus...
Sports Coverage for Traveling Teams

Travel medicine is the practice of prevention and management of risk to travelers. The sports medicine team must prepare for the inherent risks of sports participation and health risks related to travel for the athletes and entourage. International, national, and state laws and regulations provide unique challenges in terms of licensure, scope of practice, and the ability to carry medicine and equipment. Preparation provides the best opportunity for success and should include research into medical concerns at the destination with specific plans for acting on medical issues with regional medical resources. A review of outcomes is crucial for ongoing audit of travel medicine program efficacy and team satisfaction with medical service provision.
Biochemical Evidence on the Phylogeny of Anthropoidea

Anthropoidea is the suborder of Primates which includes New and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. The term “Anthropoidea” was introduced by Mivart and has received general acceptance since Simpson (1945) included it in his classification of mammals (Simons, 1972). However, questions have arisen regarding the monophyletic nature of Anthropoidea. Since the fossil record relating to higher primate origins remains incomplete, there is reasonable doubt that the three superfamilies of Anthropoidea (Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea) descended from a common “stem stock” (Schwartz et al., 1978). Although Simons (1976) views Anthropoidea as a monophyletic assemblage, he notes (1972) that the earliest putative ancestors of Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea do not seem to resemble one another as much as one would expect if all had emerged from a single segment of Paleocene-Eocene lower primates.
Holistic Analysis of Abdominal CT for Predicting the Grade of Dysplasia of Pancreatic Lesions

Diagnosis of various pancreatic lesions in CT images is a challenging task owing to a significant overlap in their imaging appearance. An accurate diagnosis of pancreatic lesions and the assessment of their malignant progression, or the grade of dysplasia, is crucial for optimal patient management. Typically, the grade of dysplasia is confirmed histologically via biopsy, yet certain radiological findings, including extrapancreatic, can serve as diagnostic clues of the disease progression. This work introduces a novel method of transforming intermediate activations for processing intact imaging data of varying sizes with convnets with linear layers. Our method allows to efficiently leverage the 3D information of the entire abdominal CT scan to acquire a holistic picture of all radiological findings for an improved and more precise classification of pancreatic lesions. Our model outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in classifying four most common lesion types (by 2.92%), while additionally diagnosing the grade of dysplasia. We conduct a set of experiments to illustrate the effects of a holistic CT analysis and the auxiliary diagnostic data on the accuracy of the final diagnosis.
Standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in 18F-FDG PET/CT is correlated to the total number of main oncogenic anomalies in cancer patients

1319 Background: Cancer diagnosis and therapy is quickly moving from the traditional histology-based approaches to genomic stratification, providing a huge opportunity for radiogenomics: associating imaging features with genomic data. Genome sequencing is time consuming, expensive and invasive whereas (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography) 18F-FDG PET/CT is readily available, fast and non-invasive. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and the frequency of 11 common oncogenic anomalies determined by specific common genomic alterations in tissue biopsies from patients with cancer. Method: We retrospectively studied 102 consecutive untreated patients with gastrointestinal, lung and breast cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, shortly prior to molecular testing by a biopsy for genomic profiling that consisted of 11 common DNA alterations: (1) TP53, (2) DNA repair, (3) EGFR, (4) PI3K/AKT/MTOR (PAM) pathway including PTEN, PIK3CA, AKT, TSC, CCNB1, MTOR, FBXW2, and NF2, (5) MEK, (6) CYCLIN including CCND,CDK, CDKN, and RB, (7) WNT, (8) ALK, (9) MYC, (10) MET, and (11) FGF/FGFR. Results: Higher SUVmax value was associated with the presence of TP53 and PAM genomic anomalies (p 0.05). More importantly, SUVmax value was positively correlated with total number of oncogenic anomalies (r = 0.27, p = 0.005). Conclusion: We propose higher SUVmax as an indicator for total number of common oncogenic anomalies. This finding is a step forward in non-invasive stratification of cancer patients, in terms of the overall load of oncogenic anomalies, based on their SUVmax.