cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased Angiogenic Factors Associated With Peripheral Avascular Retina and Intravitreous Neovascularization: A Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Objectives To determine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium–derived factor, and their respective receptors in retinas using a model of retinopathy of prematurity. Methods Retinas isolated from a 50/10 oxygen (inspired oxygen cycled between 50% oxygen and 10% oxygen every 24 hours)–induced rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (50/10 OIR model), and from room air–raised rat pups (RA) at birth, age 14 days (persistent peripheral avascular retina in the 50/10 OIR model and complete retinal vascularization in RA) and age 18 days (intravitreous neovascularization in the 50/10 OIR model) were analyzed for messenger RNA of VEGF 164 , neuropilin 1, neuropilin 2, VEGF receptor 1, VEGF receptor 2, pigment epithelium–derived factor, and pigment epithelium–derived factor receptor by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results In the 50/10 OIR model compared with RA, fold changes in expression of VEGF 164 , neuropilin 1, and neuropilin 2 were significantly increased at ages 14 and 18 days. A trend for increased fold change was noted in expression of VEGF receptor 2 at age 14 days and a significant increase at age 18 days in the 50/10 OIR model compared with RA. Pigment epithelium–derived factor receptor was significantly increased at age 14 days in the 50/10 OIR model compared with RA. Conclusion Increased expression of VEGF 164 and angiogenic receptors were found in association with both avascular retina at day 14 and intravitreous neovascularization at day 18 in a relevant model of retinopathy of prematurity. Clinical Relevance Increased VEGF and angiogenic receptors may have a role in the development of peripheral avascular retina and stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity.
Cyclopropanation enantioselectivity is pressure dependent in supercritical fluoroform.

The tunable dielectric constant e of supercritical fluoroform is the explanation for pressure-dependent enantioselectivity in a reaction conducted at low pressure. For the cyclopropanation of styrene and methyl phenyldiazoacetate with a dirhodium catalyst, the enantioselectivity was significantly higher at 52 bar than above 80 bar (see plot).
Comment on paper “Multi-strategy ensemble evolutionary algorithm for dynamic multi-objective optimization” by Wang and Li

This comment addresses the work of Wang and Li (DOI: 10.1007/s12293-009-0012-0, hereafter referred to as WL) published online on September 01, 2009 in a (special) issue of Memetic Computing. We respectfully beg to differ in opinion with WL and argue that the concept of multi-strategy evolutionary search used by WL is not particularly novel. Similar ideas have been presented elsewhere, and these publications date back to at least early 2007. For instance, in a series of papers published in PNAS (2007), SSSAJ (2008), WRR (2008), IEEE-TEVC (2009), JH (2010), Vrugt and coworkers have introduced AMALGAM, a multi-method (or ensemble) search approach to solve emerging single and multiple objective search and optimization problems. In the past few years, MATLAB, C++, Python, and R implementations of AMALGAM have been distributed extensively among researchers and practitioners in various fields of study.
A simple, real-time range camera

A simple imaging range sensor is described, based on the measurement of focal error, as described by A. Pentland (1982 and 1987). The current implementation can produce range over a 1 m/sup 3/ workspace with a measured standard error of 2.5% (4.5 significant bits of data). The system is implemented using relatively inexpensive commercial image-processing equipment. Experience shows that this ranging technique can be both economical and practical for tasks which require quick and reliable but coarse estimates of range. Examples of such tasks are initial target acquisition or obtaining the initial coarse estimate of stereo disparity in a coarse-to-fine stereo algorithm. >
Subcutaneous metastases from malignant melanoma: prevalence and findings on CT

We reviewed 197 body CT studies on 53 sequential patients who had a histologic diagnosis of malignant melanoma in order to determine the CT appearance, pattern of spread, and prevalence of subcutaneous melanoma metastases. Seventeen (38%) of 45 patients with CT evidence of metastatic melanoma had subcutaneous nodules shown on CT. Five patients (11%) had subcutaneous nodules as the only indication of metastatic disease on their CT scans. All patients who developed subcutaneous metastases had primary lesions classified as Clark level IV or V. (The Clark classification is based on the depth of tumor invasion and is rated I to V.) Metastases appeared as small, discrete rounded densities in the subcutaneous fat; lesions were occasionally subtle because of their small size and peripheral location. The location of subcutaneous nodules could not be predicted consistently on the basis of the site of the primary malignancy. We conclude that subcutaneous metastases are common with melanoma in patients with Clark level IV or V lesions. These subcutaneous nodules are readily detected on CT scans if the subcutaneous tissues are carefully examined. The detection of these lesions may affect management or prognosis of patients, especially in those cases where subcutaneous nodules are the only CT evidence of metastatic disease.
Clincal experience with an ECM scaffold for tissue engineering

Summary form only given. Porcine-derived, xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used as a scaffold for several tissue engineering applications in more than 100,000 human patients during the past two years. This xenogeneic ECM is derived from the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) of pigs. This ECM has been shown to contain numerous growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), and a naturally occurring mixture of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and several types of structural collagen. These functional and structural proteins are arranged in a unique ultrastructure that supports constructive tissue remodeling. Clinical applications in humans have included repair of chronic, full-thickness skin wounds, lower urinary tract reconstruction, gastrointestinal tract repair, replacement of the dura mater, repair and replacement of numerous musculoskeletal soft tissue structures including the rotator cuff, Achilles tendon, and ligamentous structures, and arterial vascular repair, among others. Common features of ECM remodeling include rapid and complete scaffold degradation (within 2-3 months) and population of the scaffold by host-derived, site appropriate mesenchymal and epithelial cells. A review of the clinical experience, including the immunologic response of the patients to this xenogeneic scaffold, will be presented.
Ischemic stroke in young adults: Results from the university of Wisconsin stroke registry.

We prospectively evaluated 128 consecutive young adults aged 18-50 years who suffered from at least one ischemic stroke. Men (92 of 128, 72%) predominated and had a mean age of 41 ± 8 years. Women (36 of 128, 28%) had a mean age of 40 ± 8 years (ns). Risk factors that separated male and female groups included previous stroke, which as seen overall in 34% (43 of 128; M/F = 38/5, p = 0.002), andstroke in thefamily, which was seen overall in21% (27 of 128;M/F = 22/5, p = 0.005). Thirty-day mortality was seen in 3% (4 of 128), all of whom were men. Stroke causes included atherosclerotic in 22% (28 of 128; M/F = 19/9, ns), cardioembolic in 17% (22 of 128, M/F = 17/5, ns), arteriopathic in 17% (22 of 128, M/F = 11/11, p < 0.002 for female preponderance), and coagulopathic in 15% (19 of 128, M/F = 18/1, p = 0.002 for male preponderance). Stroke causes remained "undetermined, " including small deep stroke and mixed causes, in 16%( 21 of 128; M/F = 17/4, ns), "uncertain, " including migraine-related and mitral valve prolapse, in 9% (11 of 128; M/F = 3/8, p = 0.002 for female preponderance), and "unknown" in 4% (5 of 128; M/F = 5/0, ns). These data, as part of the University of Wisconsin Stroke Registry, compare favorably to similar, previously published series from other institutions. Composite data from several of these series are also included.
Emerging gene knockout technology in zebrafish: zinc-finger nucleases

One advantage of the zebrafish model system is the ability to use forward genetics to reveal critical gene functions by their mutant phenotype. Reverse genetic tools are available, although it is more challenging and time-consuming to identify mutations in specific genes of interest and virtually impossible to induce mutations in a targeted manner. Two recent papers have shown that locus-specific zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) can be used to create mutations in investigator-specified loci at high frequency, generating considerable enthusiasm that the technology may be generally applicable to many zebrafish genes. The rate-limiting step in ZFN application is typically the zinc-finger protein (ZFP) design phase, partly because ZFPs that bind to intended target sequences in naked DNA may not recognize the target within chromatin, or may recognize cryptic sites. Importantly, both papers also provide new tools to validate or pre-select ZFNs that work well in vivo and thus greatly facilitate the identification of active ZFNs. Finally, work in other model systems and in cultured cells show that ZFNs can facilitate homology-directed repair, raising the exciting possibility that ZFNs may facilitate homologous recombination in zebrafish, allowing site-specific modification of endogenous genes via a method that does not require embryonic stem cell technology.
Division of Labor within Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Complexes: Determinants of Catalysis and Target DNA Capture

Following the completion of reverse transcription, the human immunodeficiency virus integrase (IN) enzyme covalently links the viral cDNA to a host cell chromosome. An IN multimer carries out this reaction, but the roles of individual monomers within the complex are mostly unknown. Here we analyzed the distribution of functions for target DNA capture and catalysis within the IN multimer. We used forced complementation between pairs of IN deletion derivatives in vitro as a tool for probing cis-trans relationships and analyzed amino acid substitutions affecting either catalysis or target site selection within these complementing complexes. This allowed the demonstration that the IN variant contributing the active catalytic domain was also responsible for recognition of the integration target DNA. We were further able to establish that a single monomer is responsible for both functions by use of assay mixtures containing three different IN genotypes. These data specify the ligands bound at the catalytically relevant IN monomer and allow more-specific modeling of the mechanism of inhibitors that also bind this surface of IN.
Bad Rap for Rap: Bias in Reactions to Music Lyrics

This research examines the recent public outcry against violent rap songs such as Ice T's "Cop Killer." It was hypothesized that rap lyrics receive more negative criticism than other types of lyrics, perhaps because of their association with Black culture. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of musical genre and race of singer on reactions to violent song lyrics. The results support the hypothesis. When a violent lyrical passage is represented as a rap song, or associated with a Black singer, subjects find the lyrics objectionable, worry about the consequences of such lyrics, and support some form of government regulation. If the same lyrical passage is presented as country or folk music, or is associated with a White artist, reactions to the lyrics are significantly less critical on all dimensions. The findings are briefly discussed in terms of various models of racism and stereotyping.
Legal and archaeological territories of the second millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia

Defining territories and settlement hierarchies is a primary goal of archaeological survey, involving the mapping of different-sized settlements on the ground. However it may not always work, owing to the particular land use or political strategies anciently employed. With the aid of cuneiform documents from Tell Leilan, Syria, the author shows how the settlements found by archaeological survey in northern Mesopotamia actually relate to a number of intersecting authorities, with a hold on major tracts of pasture as well as on arable land and cities. These insights from the Near East have important implications for the interpretation of surveyed settlement patterns everywhere.
Human-centered e-science: A group-theoretic perspective on cyberinfrastructure design

Cyberinfrastructure (CI) is a rapidly growing area of global research and funding with a history for emphasizing the role technology will play in changing scientific work practices. This paper proposes a group-theoretic perspective on small group collaboration that is informative to CI research and the design of CI environments. To illustrate the relevancy of a group-theoretic perspective to CI, this paper presents a critical review of over 150 CI research papers published in the last decade through the lens of McGrath's seminal Time, Interaction and Performance theory of groups. After relating common CI research themes through a focus on groups, we propose a series of early design principles aimed at helping interaction designers and technologists to better design and implement group collaboration tools in CI applications.
Beenomes to Bombyx: future directions in applied insect genomics

The recent sequencing of the Anopheles gambiae genome showcases the genetic breadth of insects and a trend towards sequencing organisms directly involved with human welfare. We describe traits in other insect species that make them important candidates for genomics projects, and review several recent workshops aimed at uniting researchers working with insect species to efficiently address problems in medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture.
Rumination Mediates the Relationship between Infant Temperament and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

This study examined prospective associations between negative emotionality, rumination, and depressive symptoms in a community sample of 301 youths (158 females) followed longitudinally from birth to adolescence. Mothers reported on youths' negative emotionality (NE) at age 1, and youths self-reported rumination at age 13 and depressive symptoms at ages 13 and 15. Linear regression analyses indicated that greater NE in infancy was associated with more depressive symptoms at age 15, even after controlling for child gender and depressive symptoms at age 13. Moreover, analyses indicated that rumination significantly mediated the association between infancy NE and age 15 depressive symptoms in the full sample. When analyzed separately by gender, however, rumination mediated the relationship between NE and depressive symptoms for girls but not for boys. The results confirm and extend previous findings on the association between affective and cognitive vulnerability factors in predicting depressive symptoms and the gender difference in depression in adolescence, and suggest that clinical interventions designed to reduce negative emotionality may be useful supplements to traditional cognitive interventions for reducing cognitive vulnerability to depression.
Accelerated glacier melt on Snow Dome, Mount Olympus, Washington, USA, due to deposition of black carbon and mineral dust from wildfire

Assessing the potential for black carbon (BC) and dust deposition to reduce albedo and accelerate glacier melt is of interest in Washington because snow and glacier melt are an important source of water resources, and glaciers are retreating. In August 2012 on Snow Dome, Mount Olympus, Washington, we measured snow surface spectral albedo and collected surface snow samples and a 7 m ice core. The snow and ice samples were analyzed for iron (Fe, used as a dust proxy) via inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry, total impurity content gravimetrically, BC using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2), and charcoal through microscopy. In the 2012 summer surface snow, BC (54 ± 50 µg/L), Fe (367±236 µg/L) and gravimetric impurity (35 ± 18 mg/L) concentrations were spatially variable, and measured broadband albedo varied between 0.67–0.74. BC and dust concentrations in the ice core 2011 summer horizon were a magnitude higher (BC = 3120 µg/L, Fe = 22000 µg/L, and gravimetric impurity = 1870 mg/L), corresponding to a modeled broadband albedo of 0.45 based on the measured BC and gravimetric impurity concentrations. The Big Hump forest fire is the likely source for the higher concentrations. Modeling constrained by measurements indicates that the all-sky 12 h daily mean radiative forcings in summer 2012 and 2011 range between 37–53 W m−2 and 112–149 W m−2, respectively, with the greater forcings in 2011 corresponding to a 29–38 mm/d enhancement in snowmelt. The timing of the forest fire impurity deposition is coincident with an increase in observed discharge in the Hoh River, highlighting the potential for BC and dust deposition on glaciers from forest fires to accelerate melt.
Management after myocardial infarction: a controlled trial of the effect of group psychotherapy.

A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the feasibility of offering group psychotherapy to post-myocardial infarction patients for one year, and to test its effects upon prognosis. S...
Dielectric Performance of a High Purity HTCC Alumina at High Temperatures - A Comparison Study with other Polycrystalline Alumina

A very high purity (99.99+%) high temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) alumina has recently become commercially available. The raw material of this HTCC alumina is very different from conventional HTCC alumina, and more importantly there is no glass additive in this alumina material for co-firing processing. Previously, selected HTCC and LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) alumina materials were evaluated at high temperatures as dielectric and compared to a regularly sintered 96% polycrystalline alumina (96% Al2O3), where 96% alumina was used as the benchmark. A prototype packaging system based on regular 96% alumina with Au thickfilm metallization successfully facilitated long term testing of high temperature silicon carbide (SiC) electronic devices for over 10,000 hours at 500 C. In order to evaluate this new high purity HTCC alumina for possible high temperature packaging applications, the dielectric properties of this HTCC alumina substrate were measured and compared with those of 96% alumina and a previously tested LTCC alumina from room temperature to 550 C at frequencies of 120 Hz, 1 KHz, 10 KHz, 100 KHz, and 1 MHz. A parallel-plate capacitive device with dielectric of the HTCC alumina and precious metal electrodes were used for measurements of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the co-fired alumina material in the temperature and frequency ranges. The capacitance and AC parallel conductance of the capacitive device were directly measured by an AC impedance meter, and the dielectric constant and parallel AC conductivity of the dielectric were calculated from the capacitance and conductance measurement results. The temperature and frequency dependent dielectric constant, AC conductivity, and dissipation factor of the HTCC alumina substrate are presented and compared to those of 96% alumina and a selected LTCC alumina. Other technical advantages of this new co-fired material for possible high packaging applications are also discussed.
An Evaluation of Offshore and Beach Changes on a Tideless Coast

ABSTRACT A 4-year set of beach and offshore profiles, measured at monthly intervals, is evaluated to determine the effect of wind-wave forcing and long-term lake-level variation on profile change in the Great Lakes. This evaluation indicates three distinct areas of profile change: the beach-and-berm, the inner-bar, and the outer-bar regions. The beach-and-berm region exhibits a classical transition from a narrow highly eroded (winter) profile to a broad fully deposited (summer) profile, during ice free months. The inner bar moves actively under the influence of wind-waves, but appears to lack a well-defined seasonal pattern. The outer bar advances onshore from early spring to early winter in response to lake-level modulation of incident wind-waves. Empirical eigenfunction analysis is applied t these data in order to statistically quantify the significance of these observed changes. This analysis provided confirmation of a hypothesized long-term (years) variation of the outer bar in direct response to lake-level variation.
Accurate multiscale finite element methods for two-phase flow simulations

In this paper we propose a modified multiscale finite element method for two-phase flow simulations in heterogeneous porous media. The main idea of the method is to use the global fine-scale solution at initial time to determine the boundary conditions of the basis functions. This method provides a significant improvement in two-phase flow simulations in porous media where the long-range effects are important. This is typical for some recent benchmark tests, such as the SPE comparative solution project [M. Christie, M. Blunt, Tenth spe comparative solution project: a comparison of upscaling techniques, SPE Reser. Eval. Eng. 4 (2001) 308-317], where porous media have a channelized structure. The use of global information allows us to capture the long-range effects more accurately compared to the multiscale finite element methods that use only local information to construct the basis functions. We present some analysis of the proposed method to illustrate that the method can indeed capture the long-range effect in channelized media.
Substituent effects on the mutagenicity of phenyl glycidyl ethers in Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Phenyl glycidyl ether and 6 para-substituted derivatives, the methoxy, tert-butyl, methyl, chloro, bromo and nitro compounds, were tested in the Ames' test for mutagenicity. With the exception of the tert-butyl derivative in TA1535, all 7 compounds were mutagenic in both strains TA100 and TA1535. Electron-donating groups in the para position decreased mutagenicity while electron-withdrawing groups increased this mutagenicity. The mutagenicity of the series of compounds in both strains could be correlated to the Hammett substituent constants for the para-substituent groups. The glycidyl ether results might best be considered in terms of a normal reaction with bionucleophiles as compared to the literature report for the correlation of mutagenicity with abnormal product formation for a styrene oxide series.
New Immunosuppressive Drugs: Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Advances

Together with CsA, the new macrolide immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin have proved to be valuable tools in providing new information about key molecular events that underlie lymphocyte activation and degranulation. Studies of their mechanisms of action have pinpointed the phosphatase calcineurin and protein kinases as important signaling mediators in T-cell activation. Other new immunosuppressive drugs, including leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, brequinar sodium and deoxyspergualin exhibit diverse inhibitory effects on cells of the immune system and offer considerable promise as adjunctive therapeutic immunosuppressants. FK506 appears to be both a valuable therapeutic alternative to liver or kidney retransplantation and an alternative primary immunosuppressant to CsA in hepatic (especially) and renal transplantation. There is now good evidence that immunosuppressive drugs, both old and new, permit the establishment of donor-derived, multi-lineage cell chimerism following organ transplantation.
Fingerprint verification in multimodal biometrics

The need to ensure security has spurred the growth of biometric verification. Biometric systems using a single biometric trait for authentication purposes have some limitations. In order to overcome this we are investigating multiple sensors that capture different biometric traits. Multimodal biometrics has the potential to overcome these limitations by improving system security levels and increasing the accuracy. This paper focuses on fingerprint verification as part of a fusion of biometric modalities such as voice and fingerprint. Fingerprint verification is one of the most reliable biometric techniques for personal identification. We determined that to merge the fingerprint system with voice verijication we need to develop our own algorithms for fingerprint verification. We describe the design and implementation of a fingerprint verification system that operates in two stages: minutia extraction and minutia matching. An improved version of the minutiae extraction algorithm was identified in literature and is implemented for extracting features from fingerprint images.
Presidential rhetoric and interest group politics: Lyndon B. Johnson and the civil rights act of 1964

In 1963 and 1964, Lyndon Baines Johnson employed his legislative and rhetorical skills to ensure the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964—a law that many pundits believed unpassable. A significa...
Using Word Clouds for Fast, Formative Assessment of Students’ Short Written Responses

Active learning in class helps students develop deeper understanding of chemical engineering principles. While the use of multiple-choice ConcepTests is clearly effective, we advocate for including student writing in learning activities as well. In this article, we demonstrate that word clouds can provide a quick analytical technique to assess student writing. We provide two examples: students’ in-class explanations of their answer choice to multiple choice ConcepTests, and student responses to “muddiest point” reflection exercises.
Myelograms relating to anemia and hematopoiesis following thermal injury in rats.

SummaryMarrow weights and the numbers of cells per mm3 in femoral marrow of erythrocytes, total leukocytes, immature and mature n. granulocytes were obtained in uninjured rats, bled rats, and rats given thermal injuries of 20% and 50% body surface. Significantly lower numbers of erythrocytes, total leukocytes and n. granulocytes were found in the thermally injured rats during first two weeks following injury compared to the numbers of these cells occurring at similar intervals in the uninjured controls and bled animals. The numbers of these cells following thermal injury were found to be inversely related to the percentage of body surface injured. These data support the conclusion that a suppressed medullary hematopoiesis occurs after thermal injury and is partially responsible for the circulatory anemia found in thermally injured animals.
Defects and Transport in Langasite II: Donor-doped (La3Ga4.75Nb0.25SiO14)

The electrical conductivity of Nb doped langasite (La3Ga4.75Nb0.25SiO14) was examined as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure by complex impedance spectroscopy. A pO2-independent regime was found at high pO2 followed by a pO2− 1/6 dependent regime at low pO2. A defect model consistent with these results was derived in which the electron density n is fixed by the density of ionized Nb donors at high pO2 and by the generation of oxygen vacancies at low pO2. The temperature and oxygen partial pressure dependence of the electron density was obtained independently by thermoelectric power measurements. The Nb donor ionization energy was determined to be 1.52 ± 0.06 eV, confirming Nb to be a deep donor in langasite. By combining conductivity and thermoelectric power data, an expression for the electron mobility given by μ e = 1.1× 10− 2exp(\({-\frac{0.15\pm 0.01eV}{kT}}\)) was obtained. After evaluating the temperature dependent conductivity data under reducing conditions, in light of the defect model, a value for the reduction enthalpy (E r = 6.57 ± 0.24 eV) was derived.
Specific Language Disability

PARENTS who take a child to a physician because of failure in school usually ask if the child "needs thyroid," is "below par" or has poor vision or hearing or diseased tonsils; some physical cause is sought as the explanation of the trouble. In rare cases the cause may be organic, but failure in school is more likely to be related to emotional adjustment, interest or intelligence. In addition to those causes a significant number of children, perhaps as many as 10 per cent, fail because they are handicapped by what has come to be known as a specific language . . .
INTRODUCTION TO A TSUNAMI-DEPOSITS DATABASE

Abstract The nature, distribution and recurrence rate of tsunamis remain rather poorly documented. To better understand the impact of tsunamis on coastal zones around the world, studies are needed to identify geological records of sedimentary event horizons generated by tsunamis and to radiometrically date the events to establish recurrence rates on a regional or even on a local level. To achieve a better understanding of the nature of tsunami deposits, we have initiated a Tsunami-Deposits Database, which currently consists of lithological characteristics of 278 tsunami-deposit publications (of roughly 1000 identified sources). The data compilation shows an uneven distribution of publications with only 13% describing historic tsunamis and the remainder describing palaeotsunami events. The most common type of tsunami deposit is a sand sheet. Common observations include the following: • beach sediments are transported inland leaving a sand sheet in wetlands and other coastal settings; • sands have been carried inland, and buried grasses and other vegetation: the bent vegetation can be used to document the current direction; • drain-back deposits frequently contain sand and mud (particularly mud rip-up clasts) transported from land to the sea and carrying charcoal and organic debris; • tsunami waves can overtop or ‘blow-out’ coastal sand dunes and leave a catastrophic inundation record within marshes; • a ‘tsunami stratigraphy’ (of lithological couplets) remains and is associated with inundation and drain-back; • tsunami run-ups leave one or more sand sheets, reflecting multiple waves; • the deposits left onshore often contain marine shells/fossils transported into a non-marine setting; • tsunami deposits are ephemeral in nature and are easily removed by the subsequent erosion by normal coastal processes and modification of the environment by humans.
Cultural Heritage and the Denial of Genocide Law

In 1933, over a decade before inscribing the term ‘genocide’ in Axis Rule in Occupied Europe (1944) and ‘following a special invitation’ to a law conference in Madrid, Polish-Jewish attorney, Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959) proposed a set of offences he considered instrumental to defining ‘acts of extermination directed against [the] ethnic, religious or social collectivities whatever the motive (political, religious, etc.)’.2 The proposal attempted to revise an initiative presented a few years earlier at the Conference of Warsaw (1927) to criminalize what was then described as the ‘intentional use of any instrument capable of producing a public danger’.3 He suggested that ‘[p]ublic danger’ — which, he claimed, referred to ‘personally indeterminate individuals or an indeterminate quantity of the goods on a given territory’ — failed to capture the initiative’s intentions. Lemkin recommended, instead, the alternative wording, ‘interstate danger’4 [danger interetat] to emphasize the threat posed to ‘the interests of several States and their inhabitants’.5
Surveillance Camera and Its Calibration

Camera calibration is an essential prerequisite for many computer vision applications, and it is also the first step in order to obtain metric information from images. For more than a century, camera calibration has been a key process and research hotspot for photogrammetry. Roelofs (Photogrammetria 7:49–66, 1951 [1]) summarizes popular camera calibration techniques during the period of 1880–1950s. Since the burgeoning of computer vision in 1960s, many modern camera calibration methods based on pinhole camera model have been proposed, which can be classified into two main categories: classic calibration and self-calibration.
Minimally Invasive Approaches to Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results in life-threatening pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Surgical repair is indicated in all CDH patients after stabilization of the respiratory status, as determined by specific physiologic criteria. Most patients are candidates for thoracoscopic repair, though limiting CO2 insufflation to 4–5 mmHg is suggested in labile patients. An initial rise in end-tidal CO2 is expected, though prolonged hypercarbia may prompt conversion to open procedure. Repair is performed using three ports. Abdominal contents are reduced into the viscera, and the diaphragmatic defect is repaired using either a primary approach or a bioprosthetic patch for larger defects. The primary concern after CDH repair is hernia recurrence. Though rates of recurrence have historically been higher after thoracoscopic repair, incidence of recurrence decreases with experience. Other complications include postoperative pneumothorax, musculoskeletal-skeletal deformity, and bowel obstruction. The advent of ECMO and improved neonatal care has significantly improved the prognosis to up 90 % survival at major referral centers.
Photophysical properties of [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ encapsulated within the Uio-66 zirconium based metal organic framework

Abstract The ability to encapsulate photo-active guest molecules within the pores of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) affords the opportunity to develop robust photocatalysts as well as solar energy conversion systems. An important criteria for such systems is stability of the new materials towards moisture, high temperatures, etc which preclude the use of many MOF frameworks. Here, the ability to encapsulate [Ru(II)(2,2′-bipyridine) 3 ] 2+ ([Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ) into the cavities of the zirconium based MOF Uio-66 as well as the photophysical properties of the complex are reported. The X-ray powder diffraction data of the orange Uio-66 powder are consistent with the formation of Uio-66 in the presence of [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ . The steady state emission exhibits a significant bathochromic shift from 603 nm in ethanol to 610 nm in Uio-66. The corresponding emission decay of the encapsulated [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ complex is biexponential with a fast component of 128 ns and a slower component of 1176 ns (20 deg C). The slow component is consistent with encapsulation of [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ into cavities with restricted volume that prevents the population of a triplet ligand field transition that is anti-bonding with respect to the Ru-N bonds. The origin of the fast component is unclear but may involve interactions of the [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ encapsulated within large cavities formed through missing ligand defect sites within the Uio-66 materials. Co-encapsulated quenchers contained within these larger cavities gives rise to the reduced lifetimes of the [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ complexes.
Updates in the Evaluation of Older Women with Pelvic Floor Disorders

Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) are common among older women, and pose a unique challenge to the healthcare provider. The onset of PFDs in older women is gradual resulting from an inter-related process of anatomic, hormonal, and functional changes that occur over time and often impacted by concomitant medical co-morbid conditions. In this evidenced-based review, we provide an update on the epidemiology and provide an evidence-based approach to the evaluation of women with PFDs with a specific focus on the impact of aging. Physical function impairment is prevalent among older women with pelvic floor symptoms. The decline in physical function is likely the consequence of global changes in skeletal muscle health with aging, but may uniquely impact the pelvic floor muscle physiology and function. Providers caring for older women with PFDs must account for the impact of the aging process on symptom presentation and evaluation.
What are the trends and demographics in sports-related pediatric spinal cord injuries?

Objectives: Pediatric spinal cord injury (PSCI) is a devastating injury that can cause significant long-term consequences. The purpose of this study is to calculate and report the prevalence of PSC...
Advocacy Evaluation for Counselors Serving LGBTQ Populations

ABSTRACTAdvocacy and social justice initiatives for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ) clients in counseling emphasize counselor and client collaboration in challenging discrimination and oppression and promoting LGBTQ inclusive sociopolitical changes. Although researchers have highlighted the counseling and advocacy needs of LGBTQ populations, few have yet examined processes for assessing the outcomes of advocacy efforts. Advocacy evaluation may provide counselors and counseling organizations with a framework for monitoring and assessing the outcomes of LGBTQ advocacy initiatives. The authors discuss the goals and elements of advocacy evaluation and review the LGBTQ Counseling Advocacy Evaluation Self Assessment.
An Evaluation of two H1-Linked Markers and their Suitability for Selecting Globodera rostochiensis Resistant Potatoes in the New York Breeding Program

The golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) is a serious pest that can dramatically reduce potato crop yield. Pathotype Ro1 of G. rostochiensis was first detected in the United States in 1941 and is still present on several farms in New York State. The H1 gene confers high levels of resistance to pathotype Ro1 but screening for it with a bioassay is time consuming and expensive. In this study two known molecular markers, 57R and TG689, were evaluated for their ability to identify resistant clones among 38 global cultivars and 350 New York breeding clones. The ability of either marker to predict resistance was high – 99.7% and 98.3% for 57R and TG689, respectively – but the ability to predict susceptibility was much lower, 47% and 41%, respectively. As resistance is the trait of interest, either of these markers is sufficient to make selection decisions in a practical breeding program. Cases exhibiting discordance between presence/absence of diagnostic markers and bioassay results were investigated further. Recombination, inflow of other resistance genes, and occasional failure of marker- and/or bio-assays are discussed as potential causes.
Lipoprotein lipase regulates hematopoietic stem progenitor cell maintenance through DHA supply

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mediates hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs) to supply free fatty acids (FFAs) to tissues. Here, we show that LPL activity is also required for hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance. Knockout of Lpl or its obligatory cofactor Apoc2 results in significantly reduced HSPC expansion during definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish. A human APOC2 mimetic peptide or the human very low-density lipoprotein, which carries APOC2, rescues the phenotype in apoc2 but not in lpl mutant zebrafish. Creating parabiotic apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish rescues the hematopoietic defect in both. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is identified as an important factor in HSPC expansion. FFA-DHA, but not TG-DHA, rescues the HSPC defects in apoc2 and lpl mutant zebrafish. Reduced blood cell counts are also observed in Apoc2 mutant mice at the time of weaning. These results indicate that LPL-mediated release of the essential fatty acid DHA regulates HSPC expansion and definitive hematopoiesis.
Submicron dielectrophoretic chromatography

This paper reports, for the first time, the integration of two unique separation methods: chromatography and dielectrophoresis (DEP). The combination of preconcentrating and separation regions governed by DEP forces and an impedance detection region, has enabled the characterization and separation of micron and submicron particles. The device incorporates features comparable to chromatography, where the DEP force acts as the stationary phase and a suspending medium is the mobile phase. The enrichment area is used to ensure programmable injection times for resolution enhancement and saturation prevention in the separation area. Following enrichment, heterogeneous mixtures are separated across the entire length of the serpentine channel. Finally, the separated sample is detected through impedance measurements. Initial characterization of 2 μm and 500 nm polystyrene beads mixtures indicated high separation yields when operated at 10 kHz and 80 Vpp.
A Model for Developing and Evaluating Behavioral Technology

What has come to be recognized as a technology of behavior has been developing over the past 30 years or so. As is probably typical of the early years of a new technology’s development, there has been no plan or set of standards guiding this evolution; each contributor has simply brought along his or her history and motivating circumstances. Thus, a handful of basic animal laboratory researchers, a core of academics, a lot of practitioners, and miscellaneous entrepreneurs and interested parties have had assorted impacts on how this technology has progressed.
Genomic organization of an α-zein gene cluster in maize

The genes encoding the α-zein proteins of maize constitute a large multigene family of some 75 genes. This multigene family can be divided into four subfamilies based on the nucleotide sequences of their genes and the deduced amino acid sequences of their proteins. We describe for the first time evidence of a clustering of five α-zein subfamily 4 (SF4) genes that are members of one of the major α-zein subfamilies in a 56 kb region of the genome of the maize inbred line W22. None of the other three known α-zein gene subfamilies (SF1, SF2, or SF3) are present in this cluster. The genomic region was reconstructed using restriction endonuclease maps to identify and align three overlapping cosmid clones isolated from a genomic library. The α-zein genes are not evenly spaced; the minimum distance between genes is 3.5 kb; the maximum is 13 kb. All the α-zein genes in the cluster have the same transcriptional orientation. The location and sequences of some of the repetitive DNA elements in this gene cluster were determined. We estimate that there are a minimum of eight repetitive DNA elements in this region. The sequences of the repetitive elements (not functionally defined) are located between or among the α-zein genes. The regions containing two of these repetitive elements (Rep1 and Rep4) have been sequenced; they are about 15 kb apart in the genome. These repetitive elements have similar sequences for about 300 by out of the 400 by compared. The regions of sequence similarity, however, are in reverse orientation to one another. Both repetitive elements contain replication origin-like sequences. In addition, Rep4 contains two repeats of a five-base sequence that appear to define its presumptive ends. The presence of the short direct repeats flanking the Rep4 element suggests that the Rep4 element might have originated from a transposition event.
BEHAVIOR OF STEEL-DECK-REINFORCED SLABS

Results and behavioral characteristics are presented for five full-scale two-way slabs tested to ultimate. The concrete slabs were reinforced with composite corrugated cold-formed steel decking. Three slabs contained supplementary reinforcing in the form of welded wire fabric. Nominal out-to-out plan dimensions of the slabs were 16 ft by 12 ft (4.88 m by 3.66 m). Four slabs had a nominal thickness of 4.5/8 in. (118 mm) and one a thickness of 5-1/2 in. (140 mm). All slabs were subjected to four summetrically placed concentrated loads (simulating a fork lift). Ultimate failure was a shear-bond action initiated by slippage between the steel deck and the concrete with the concrete moving outward parallel to the deck corrugations, resulting a end slip in the central regions of the slabs. The addition of the welded wire fabric influenced the behavioral characteristcis and the ultimate load-carrying capacity. Near ultimate, the load-carrying action of the slabs was characteristics of a one-way slab.
Hedging with Volatility

A risk-averse investor with a long equity position is presumably interested in identifying a hedging strategy that protects the value of that investment. The common approach encompasses using either financial derivatives or holding assets (such as gold or Swiss francs) as portfolio hedges as they show negative correlation with equities. This paper proposes using volatility indexes as portfolio hedges instead; it shows that a volatility-based dynamic hedging strategy is the most effective at protecting the value of an equity investment.
Large-scale control strategy for drag reduction in turbulent channel flows

Forcing by spanwise opposing jets centered around ${y}^{+}=30$ produces drag reduction of more than 10% at Re${}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$=550.
Genetic determinants of long-term response to rapalog therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

4604 Background: Temsirolimus (T) and everolimus (E) are rapalog inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with efficacy in advanced RCC [NEJM;356(22):227-81; Lancet;372(9637):449-56]....
Unmet Mental Health Need Among Chinese and Latino Primary Care Patients: Intersection of Ethnicity, Gender, and English Proficiency.

Ethnic minorities who present with mental health symptoms in primary care are less likely to receive treatment than non-Hispanic whites; language barriers may magnify this disparity. We examined the contributions of ethnicity, gender, and English proficiency to unmet mental health need. Cross-sectional study. Chinese and Latino primary care patients with a preferred language of English, Cantonese, Mandarin, or Spanish. Participants were interviewed within 1 week of a primary care visit and asked whether in the prior year they (1) needed help with emotional or mental health symptoms and (2) had seen a primary care physician or a mental health professional for these symptoms. Among those who reported “mental health need,” we defined “unmet mental health need” as no reported use of services for these symptoms. Regression models explored independent and interaction effects among ethnicity, gender, and English proficiency, on the two outcomes. Among 1149 participants (62% women; 262 Chinese, with English proficiency [EP], 532 Chinese, with limited English proficiency [LEP], 172 Latino with EP; and 183 Latino with LEP), 33% reported mental health need. Among Chinese, but not Latino, participants, those with LEP were more likely than those with EP to report mental health need (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.73–3.76). Women were more likely to report mental health need than men (AOR 1.35, 1.03–1.79) regardless of ethnicity or English proficiency. Among participants reporting mental health need, 41% had unmet mental health need. Men with LEP, compared with those with EP, were more likely to have unmet mental health need regardless of ethnicity (AOR 2.53, 1.06–6.04). We found high levels of mental health symptoms and unmet mental health need in both Chinese and Latino primary care patients. These results affirm the need to implement depression screening and targeted treatment interventions for patient subgroups at highest risk of untreated symptoms, such as men with LEP.