cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Goal Conflict on Effort and Performance

While prior goal conflict studies have examined the effects of goal conflict on performance, they have only used assigned goals and constrained time (effort). Rather than only using assigned goals, this study uses both an organizationally assigned goal and an incentive-induced goal. Additionally, time is unconstrained so individuals can exert as much (or as little) effort as they desire. I use a complex multi-period business simulation to experimentally study how goal conflict affects goal commitment, goal conflict effort, relative maximization of performance (performance optimization) and actual performance. My results indicate individuals committed to an organizationally assigned goal that conflicted with their incentive-induced goal and that these individuals experienced goal conflict. Individuals with goal conflict exerted greater effort as compared to individuals without goal conflict. Individuals with conflicting goals achieved significantly greater performance optimization compared to individuals without conflicting goals. Also, individuals with conflicting goals were able to achieve higher performance on the conflicting organizationally assigned goal while simultaneously achieving results similar to the individuals without goal conflict on the incentive-induced goal. Based on these results, I suggest that the negative effects of goal conflict on performance may be mitigated by allowing individuals to determine the amount of effort that they want to devote to the task. Additionally, these results contribute to the debate on connecting incentives to non-financial measures by suggesting that individuals commit to organizationally assigned goals that conflict with incentives.
Contributors and Constraints to Involvement with Youth Sports Officiating

There is a growing concern about the shortage of sports officials and its impact on organized youth sport. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of psychosocial factors that impact involvement with youth sports officiating by comparing and contrasting the experiences of officials from two distinct sports. In-depth interviews were conducted with baseball umpires and lacrosse officials. Resulting themes were classified as either contributors or constraints to involvement with officiating. The most striking difference between the two groups was the support provided in terms of mentorship, training, and administrative consideration. The baseball umpires received greater support and this was a key factor in overcoming constraints and fostering a sense of community. Implications and strategies for recruiting and retaining officials are discussed.
Influence of Litter Type and Size on Broiler Performance.1. Factors Affecting Litter Consumption

Abstract The influence of broiler age, litter type, and particle size was studied to determine their effects on litter consumption in two battery trials involving 240 broilers each. In Experiment 1, broilers were provided no litter, wood chips, sawdust, wood fibers, processed newspaper, or newspaper fibers ad libitum from 1 to 49 days of age. In Experiment 2, sawdust was provided free choice daily as the only litter source to broilers starting at 1, 7, or 14 days of age until the 21st day. Broilers consumed significantly greater quantities of sawdust and wood fibers than other litter types and sizes. The consumption rate of all materials decreased after 21 days of age. In Experiment 2, consumption of sawdust was highest when provided any time up to 14 days of age. Based on litter intake and the presence of litter in the gizzards, the data revealed significantly greater consumption of sawdust and high concentrations of sawdust in the gizzard; broilers provided wood fibers also had high intakes but low levels in the gizzard; consumption of wood chips was low but the particles were present in the gizzard; and consumption of newspaper based litter was low and little foreign material was found in the gizzard.
Evaluation of Parameterization Techniques for Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Functions for Municipal Solid Waste

A study was conducted to evaluate methods for parameterizing constitutive functions describing the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Kθ) and water retention curve (WRC) for municipal solid waste (MSW). Water retention curves and Kθ were measured using a hanging column apparatus and the multistep outflow (MSO) method on MSW specimens compacted at three different dry densities. Parameters for constitutive functions describing the WRC and Kθ were determined via nonlinear regression on the WRC data, nonlinear regression on the WRC and Kθ data, and numerical inversion conditioning on the water content and transient outflow data. Nonlinear regression of the measured WRC and Kθ and numerical inversion reproduced the measured Kθ with the least error. Nonlinear regression on only the WRC data resulted in the least error between the predicted and measured WRC but the greatest errors between the predicted and measured Kθ. Flow simulations using parameters obtained with any of the three parameter-estimation methods typically resulted in errors in predicted flow corresponding to errors in the specimen water content ranging between 1 % and 5 %, with some simulations returning errors of as much as 10 %. Inclusion of transient flow data (through inversion) or Kθ data results in improved parameterization for constitutive functions for Kθ. However, reasonable reproduction of flow data from the MSO tests was achieved using parameters obtained from regression on only WRC data.
Arrest of CFTRΔF508 folding

The deletion of residue 508 in CFTR is the most common cystic fibrosis–causing mutation. Recent studies indicate that the main chain and side chain of this residue contribute to the proper folding of CFTR at different stages.
Intracaval electrophrenic stimulation. I. Experimental application during barbiturate intoxication, hemorrhage, and ganglionic blockade.

Summary In dogs subjected to barbiturate intoxication, intracaval electrophrenic stimulation has been demonstrated to be an effective form of artificial respiration. The results further suggest that intracaval electrophrenic stimulation effects more physiologic gas exchange and results in better maintenance of the circulation than can be achieved with positive-negative pressure ventilation. The technique of applying negative pressure ventilatory support herein described is envisioned as a potentially applicable method for the treatment of respiratory failure.
Botanical and Marine Oils for Treatment of Arthritis

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the therapeutic potential of plant and fish oils for treatment of arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are characterized by abnormal immune response, persistent inflammation and tissue injury, which may be amenable to control by dietary means. Eicosanoids such as prostaglandins participate in development and regulation of immune and inflammatory responses and since essential fatty acids are precursors to eicosanoids, these fatty acids can influence the immune response. The fatty acids must be derived in either full or partially elaborated form from the diet and they are classified as omega-3 and omega-6 series. It gives an account of clinical trials of Gammalinolenic acid (GLA), a plant lipid for treatment of RA which was administered in the form of primrose seed oil and the patients were able to complete the study without resorting to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). An overview of randomized placebo-controlled trials of fish oil in RA patients is described that showed clinical improvement in the patients. The effect of lipids in SLE patients is investigated and showed encouraging results.
Current Psychopathological Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Who Suffered Different Forms of Maltreatment

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the current psychopathological problems of different forms associated with maltreatment on children's and adolescents' mental health. Ninety-five females and ninety males with a mean age of 8.8 years who have suffered in the last six months different forms of abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional) and neglect were included in the study. The current reaction to trauma as directly observed by clinical instruments was examined. Differences in gender, age at the time of medical examination, familial psychiatric disorders, neuropsychiatric status, and type of maltreatment were also taken into account. Results documented that 95.1% of abused children and adolescents developed a psychiatric disorder or a subclinical form of a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Moreover, our data demonstrate a role for gender, age, and familial psychiatric comorbidity in the current psychopathological problems associated with maltreatment. Overall, our findings can help clinicians make a diagnosis and provide efficient treatment and prevention strategies for child maltreatment and abuse.
Miracles of Creation: Bergson and Levinas

In Totality and Infinity, Levinas remarks that ‘the impossibility of treating life in function of being is manifested compellingly in Bergson, where duration no longer imitates, in its fallenness, an immobile eternity, or in Heidegger, where possibility is no longer referred to ergon as a dunamis.’1 This and other scattered attestations to Bergson’s significance, from The Theory of Intuition in Husserl’s Phenomenology to God, Death, and Time, stand in sharp contrast to the critically sustained engagement with Heidegger’s thinking and that of others (Husserl, Rosenzweig, Buber) who populate the philosophical constellation from and against which Levinas elevated ethics to first philosophy.
Citizens of the margin: citizenship and youth participation on the Moroccan social web

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how marginalized youth in Morocco use YouTube to contest hegemonic discourses of state power and institutional practices of social exclusion. The paper analyses a user-generated, YouTube web-series, Tales of Bouzebal, as a performance of marginality and a social critique of state bureaucracies and institutions in the context of post-Arab Spring Morocco. Using a combined method of textual and discourse analyses, the paper argues that the new media practices of producing and consuming user-generated video are best understood as practices of cultural citizenship that contribute to social change through the production of counter-discursive political subjectivities among youth in MENA. The paper posits that the concept of citizenship needs to be expanded to account for citizen participatory media practices that contest the conditions of marginality and inequality sustained by normative definitions of citizenship.
Leadership Amidst Poverty: a Mixed-Methodological Analysis of the Shack Dweller Federation of Namibia

Can leaders emerge amidst chronic poverty? This mixed-methodological study examines the influence of demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral traits on self-defined leadership status for 281 female members of the Shack Dwellers Federation of Namibia, a network of neighborhood-based savings groups that attempts to provide affordable housing and related infrastructure services to impoverished black women. We consider the following research questions: Do Federation women consider themselves leaders? Are certain women more likely to consider themselves leaders than others? Results based on statistical and content analyses, and informed by leadership theory, suggest the importance of ethnicity, education, Pentecostal and mainline religious affiliations, sweat equity, and leadership interest in explaining whether women consider themselves leaders. Representative themes also illustrate some of the nuanced ways leadership is understood and experienced.
A capability theory of the firm: an economics and (Strategic) management perspective

The business enterprise is the prime institution in economic development and growth; yet, until recently, mainstream economics has mostly treated firms as homogeneous black boxes managed by untrust...
Neighborhoods, Individuals, and Instrumental Crime in Russia and Ukraine: A Multilevel Test of Merton’s Anomie Theory

Empirically assess Baumer’s (Theor Criminol 11(1):63–93, 2007) efforts to unify Merton’s anomie/strain theory within a multilevel framework that anticipates instrumental crime among individuals who are both strongly committed to monetary success goals and weakly committed to the normative means for pursuing these goals, particularly if they possess certain other personal attributes or are embedded within anomic socio-cultural contexts. Multilevel overdispersed Poisson regression models are estimated using survey data from 1431 adult residents of 41 neighborhoods in Lviv, Ukraine, and Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Consistent with expectations, financial dissatisfaction among individuals appears to exacerbate the effect of the goals-means interaction on instrumental crime. However, no evidence was observed of moderation involving perceived risk of punishment, commitment to non-monetary success goals, and blocked legitimate opportunities. Although neighborhood anomie exerted a statistically significant main effect on instrumental crime, theorized cross-level interactions involving strong cultural emphasis on monetary success goals, weak cultural emphasis on normative means, and limited consensus regarding the normative means by which to pursue monetary success goals did not materialize. Findings cast doubt on the cross-cultural generality of Baumer’s multilevel conceptualization of Merton’s strain/anomie theory. However, they confirm financial dissatisfaction as a key predictor of instrumental crime and moderator of unbalanced value commitments among individuals. They also suggest that future efforts to bridge the micro and macro strands of Merton’s theory will need to incorporate alternate theoretical predictors (e.g., personal morality) and consider ways in which an anomic social order contributes to deviant behavior directly rather than merely indirectly through the proportion of the population experiencing a goals-means disjuncture.
The Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Performance in KIE Textile and Apparel Firms

Regarding the relationship Sources of Knowledge→Strategic Behavior→Entrepreneurial Performance, the empirical evidence suggests that for textile firms, technical sources of knowledge affect the strategic behavior of firms, and that behavior in turn affects entrepreneurial behavior as measured by sales growth. However, for apparel firms, technical sources of knowledge have a direct rather than an indirect effect on sales growth.
Observation of Valley-based Transport for Valley-pseudospin Polarized Photonic Edge State

We demonstrate the photonic valley-pseudospin polarized edge state experimentally. The contrast between transmission spectra demonstrates the conservation of valley degree of freedom at the Y-junction between domains emulating quantum valley-Hall and spin-Hall effects.
On Šilov Resolution of Hilbert Modules

In [3] we set forth a program for placing the study of Hilbert space operators in the context of Hilbert modules over function algebras. One of the goals of this formulation is to suggest both new questions and new machinery for answering them based on the well developed analogous theories for modules in algebraic and analytic geometry. It is hoped, moreover, that the transition from the theory of one to that of several operators will be facilitated in this framework much as happens in algebra. We should add, however, that we do not expect that progress will be easy or that the techniques from algebra will apply without considerable adaptation and work — only that the general approach will be useful.
Telephone, television, and radio in the home of the future

The home of the future will have an all-digital network for all media, backed by multi-terabyte storage. Users will be able keep an entire lifetime of personal media, and vast collections of media that may be of interest for future viewing, reading, or listening. MyLifeBits is a personal store for a digital life, designed to support efficient organization, search, browsing, annotation, and viewing. This paper describes the telephone, television, and radio components of the MyLifeBits system.
Corporate Governance, Risk, and Inequality in Japan and the United States

These days, Americans seem to take their corporate governance model for granted. Shareholder interests are what matter. But this essay traces the history of corporate governance to show that such models change over time. And they are different in other nations, such as Japan. I argue that American-style corporate governance has resulted in wage inequality, risk shifting, and poor management. And financial reforms, despite the recent major scandals, have not gone far enough.
Decay-accelerating factor and membrane cofactor protein.

Cells exposed to plasma proteins are frequently under attack from the complement system. This can arise either as a bystander process to the classical or alternative pathways of activation initiated during the immune response to foreign particles and organisms or from the constant tick-over of the alternative pathway. Thus, it is critical for the cell to regulate the complement pathway on its own surface. The plasma proteins, H and C4 binding protein (C4bp), in conjugation with the serine protease I, function to this end. Additionally, cells possess a number of membrane proteins to regulate complement deposited on their surfaces; the largest group, focused on C3 and the C3 convertases, consists of the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1), decay-accelerating factor (DAF), and membrane cofactor protein (MCP). CR1, although it has both decay-accelerating activity and serves as a cofactor for the I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b, acts mainly extrinsically as a receptor for C3b-bearing immune complexes. DAF exerts its decay-accelerating activity intrinsically on the cell itself (see below). Indeed, the lack of DAF in the membrane of blood cells in the disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) leads to an increased complement sensitivity of these cells. Purified MCP can also regulate C3 and the C3 convertases through cofactor I activity. MCP has the same approximate size and overall structure as DAF, and hence it might also function intrinsically to control C3 convertases formed on the same cell. This chapter reviews in detail the structure, both at the protein and DNA levels, of these two complement regulatory membrane glycoproteins, DAF and MCP, and discusses their physiological roles in protecting cells from damage by autologous complement.
Effect of Health Information Technologies on Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

This study was to present meta-analysis findings across selected clinical trials for the effect of health information technologies (HITs) on glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. HITs may be promising in diabetes management. However, findings on effect size of glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) yielded from HITs varied across previous studies. This is likely due to heterogeneity in sample size, adherence to standard quantitative method, and/or searching criteria (e.g., type of HITs, type of diabetes, specification of patient population, randomized vs. nonrandomized trials). We systematically searched Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed randomized control trials that studied the effect of HITs on HbA1c reduction. We also used Google Scholar and a hand search to identify additional studies. Thirty-four studies (40 estimates) met the criteria and were included in the analysis. Overall, introduction of HITs to standard diabetes treatment resulted in a statistically and clinically reduced HbA1c. The bias adjusted HbA1c reduction due to the combined HIT interventions was − 0.56 [Hedges’ g = − 0.56 (− 0.70, − 0.43)]. The reduction was significant across each of the four types of HIT intervention under review, with mobile phone-based approaches generating the largest effects [Hedges’ g was − 0.67 (− 0.90, − 0.45)]. HITs can be an effective tool for glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Future studies should examine long-term effects of HITs and explore factors that influence their effectiveness.
Short-Term Effects of Healthy Eating Pattern Cycling on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Pooled Results from Two Randomized Controlled Trials.

Adherence to healthy eating patterns (HEPs) is often short-lived and can lead to repetitive attempts of adopting—but not maintaining—HEPs. We assessed effects of adopting, abandoning, and readopting HEPs (HEP cycling) on cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RF). We hypothesized that HEP cycling would improve, worsen, and again improve CVD-RF. Data were retrospectively pooled for secondary analyses from two randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trials (n = 60, 52 ± 2 years, 30.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2) which included two 5–6 week HEP interventions (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-style or Mediterranean-style) separated by a four-week unrestricted eating period. Ambulatory and fasting blood pressures (BP), fasting serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin were measured before and during the last week of HEP interventions. Fasting systolic BP and total cholesterol decreased (−6 ± 1 mm Hg and −19 ± 3 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05), returned to baseline, then decreased again (−5 ± 1 mm Hg and −13 ± 3 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05) when adopting, abandoning, and readopting a HEP; magnitude of changes did not differ. Ambulatory and fasting diastolic BP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations followed similar patterns; glucose and insulin remained unchanged. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased with initial adoption but not readoption (−13 ± 3 and −6 ± 3, respectively, interaction p = 0.020). Healthcare professionals should encourage individuals to consistently consume a HEP for cardiovascular health but also encourage them to try again if a first attempt is unsuccessful or short-lived.
The International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine (ICIBM) 2018: genomics meets medicine.

During June 10–12, 2018, the International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine (ICIBM 2018) was held in Los Angeles, California, USA. The conference included 11 scientific sessions, four tutorials, one poster session, four keynote talks and four eminent scholar talks that covered a wide range of topics ranging from 3D genome structure analysis and visualization, next generation sequencing analysis, computational drug discovery, medical informatics, cancer genomics to systems biology. While medical genomics has always been a main theme in ICIBM, this year we for the first time organized the BMC Medical Genomics Supplement for ICIBM. Here, we describe 15 ICIBM papers selected for publishing in BMC Medical Genomics.
Minocycline for symptom reduction during radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: a randomized clinical trial

Local/systemic symptoms during cancer therapy may be exacerbated by dysregulated inflammation and its downstream toxic effects. Minocycline can suppress proinflammatory cytokine release; therefore, we investigated its potential to reduce patient-reported symptom severity during radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). Eligible patients for this blinded, placebo–controlled trial were adults with T0–3, N-any, and M0 HNC receiving single-modality RT. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either minocycline (200 mg/day) or placebo during RT. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) of 5 prespecified symptoms (pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep, poor appetite, difficulty swallowing/chewing) during RT, assessed with the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for HNC (MDASI-HN). We analyzed data from 20 evaluable patients per arm. Overall, 75% had oropharyngeal cancer and 78% were male. No grade 3+ adverse events potentially related to study medication were observed. Two minocycline patients required a feeding tube during RT vs 5 placebo patients (P = 0.21). The average daily AUC during RT for the 5 MDASI-HN symptoms was 3.1 (SD = 1.0) for minocycline and 3.7 (SD = 1.7) for placebo (P = 0.16); the 0.37 effect size was less than our 0.70 target. AUC comparisons for several individual symptoms and symptom interference favored minocycline but were not statistically significant. The greatest numerical differences occurred for systemic symptoms, larger toward treatment end, and in early post-RT recovery. Minocycline was feasible, well tolerated, and achieved a positive signal toward reducing patient-reported symptom severity during RT for HNC, particularly for systemic symptoms. This justifies additional study and informs future trial design.
Problems with students on medication.

Problems teachers encounter with students receiving medication were determined from 1,110 teacher questionnaires obtained from two slate-wide surveys. The results indicated that teachers (a) need m...
Evaluating Glaucoma Treatment Effect on Intraocular Pressure Reduction Using Propensity Score Weighted Regression

Observational studies in glaucoma patients can provide important evidence on treatment effects, especially for combination therapies which are often used in reality. But the success relies on the reduction of selection bias through methods such as propensity score (PS) weighting. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of five glaucoma treatments (medication, laser, non-laser surgery (NLS), laser + medication, and NLS + medication) on 1-year intraocular pressure (IOP) change. Data were collected from 90 glaucoma subjects who underwent a single laser, or NLS intervention, and/or took the same medication for at least 6 months, and had IOP measures before the treatment and 12-months after. Baseline IOP was significantly different across groups (p = 0.007) and this unbalance was successfully corrected by the PS weighting (p = 0.81). All groups showed statistically significant PS-weighted IOP reductions, with the largest reduction in NLS group (−6.78 mmHg). Baseline IOP significantly interacted with treatments (p = 0.03), and at high baseline IOP medication was less effective than other treatments. Our findings showed that the 1-year IOP reduction differed across treatment groups and was dependent on baseline IOP. The use of PS-weighted methods reduced treatment selection bias at baseline and allowed valid assessment of the treatment effect in an observational study.
Economies of Scale

Nothing moves unless it is driven. The environment resists the movement. The flier and the swimmer experience “drag”. The skin of the fish and the airplane fuselage experiences “friction,” and the impala and the truck experience drag and friction. This universal feature of nature is accompanied by another universal feature—economies of scale—the natural constructal-law tendency toward acquiring new configurations that facilitate movement, provided that there is freedom to change. All flow systems with freedom tend to unite and organize for this reason. The resulting organization is a hierarchy of few large and many small, which is the antithesis to the one-size design with identical movers, and without organization. The evidence that efficiency increases with size is massive. Compilations of efficiency versus size data for steam power plants and aircraft engines illustrate this universal trend of nature, which is evident throughout the biological, geophysical, human, and social realms. Its manifestation can be measured and evaluated in physical terms. To illustrate, I composed two simple problems. The big size helps in many ways, not just in economies of fuel, power, and cost during movement. Big size is key for the survival of the specimen. People are no different, because they are also an evolving species—the “human and machine species.” Throughout history, nations and armies acted bigger than they were.
Host Kairomones Influence Searching Behavior of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a Parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), is a highly polyphagous species native to Asia that has become a serious invasive agricultural and nuisance pest across North America and Europe. Classical biological control host range evaluations have revealed egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) to be the primary candidate biocontrol agent for field release against H. halys. However, these evaluations only provide us with the physiological host range of T. japonicus. Other Trissolcus species have demonstrated that contact kairomones from different host species elicit varied responses in the parasitoids' host foraging behaviors. To assess T. japonicus response to host kairomones, mated naive females were exposed to leaf surfaces contaminated with adult kairomones from its preferred host, H. halys, or from a native nontarget host, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Red maple, apple, and soybean were used as plant substrate treatments. The wasp's residence time on the leaf surface, linear walking velocity, and angular walking velocity were observed and measured using Noldus EthoVision XT tracking software. Within each leaf treatment, T. japonicus displayed stronger behavioral responses on leaves contaminated with contact kairomones from H. halys. The parasitoid resided on H. halys contaminated leaves for approximately twice as a long as it did on P. maculiventris contaminated leaves. Further, both species' kairomones elicited significant decreases in parasitoid walking velocity on all tested substrate types. Overall, our study suggests that kairomone-based behavioral studies can be used to further evaluate the host specificity of T. japonicus and can be an invaluable supplement to classical biocontrol host range testing regimes.
Assessing Differences between Three Virtual General Chemistry Experiments and Similar Hands-On Experiments

To date, the efficacy of virtual experiments is not well-understood. To better understand what differences may exist between a hands-on learning environment and a virtual learning environment, three experiments were chosen for investigation. For each experiment, approximately half of the students completed a hands-on version of the experiment, and the other half completed a virtual version. After completing the given experiment, students were compared on the following: their ability to meet the learning objectives for that experiment, their responses to six affective scales, and their grade on a laboratory report. Differences were found for four learning objectives. Two of these learning objectives were on the Beer’s law experiment and the other two were on the titration experiment whereas the calorimetry experiment had no differences between groups on learning objectives. However, all four differences are likely due to differences in procedures between environments and not due to the environment itself. Additionally, differences were found on two of the affective scales (usefulness of lab and equipment usability) across all three experiments indicating that the students who completed a virtual experiment found the experiment to be less useful and the virtual environment harder to use. Students that completed the virtual version of the titration experiment also reported that the experiment took less time as indicated by the difference in the open-endedness of the lab scale. These differences are not representative of a students’ individual experience, however. To capture individual experiences, latent profile analysis was conducted to determine what affective profiles existed within the population. There were three common profiles identified across the three experiments: low affective outcomes, medium affective outcomes, and high affective outcomes. These indicate that while a majority of the students have medium or high affective outcomes and do well on laboratory reports, there are anywhere from 4% to 17% of the students completing a given experiment that have low affective outcomes but still do equally well on the laboratory report as compared to the other students. Future work should be conducted to assess why students report low affective outcomes and if a different type of laboratory learning environment or curriculum type would better serve them.
Inpatient hospital procedural volume and outcomes following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION The real-world distribution of hospital atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation volume and its impact on outcomes are not well-established. We sought to examine patient characteristics, complications, and readmissions after AF ablation stratified by hospital procedural volume. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the nationally representative inpatient Nationwide Readmissions Database, we evaluated 54 597 admissions for AF ablation between 2010 and 2014. Hospitals were categorized according to tertiles of annual AF ablation volume. Index complications, 30-day readmissions, and early mortality were examined. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the predictors of adverse outcomes. Between 2010 and 2014, low volume tertile hospitals accounted for 79.3% of hospitals performing AF ablations. When stratified by first, second, and third volume tertiles, complication and early mortality rates were higher in low volume centers (8.9% and 0.67% vs 6.1% and 0.33%, vs 4.5% and 0.16%, respectively; P < .001). Patients undergoing AF ablation at low volume centers were older and had a higher prevalence of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and other comorbidities. Low volume hospitals were associated with increased cardiac perforation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.79; P < .001), vascular complications (aOR 1.49; P < .001), and any complication (aOR 2.06; P < .001) during index admission as well as increased early mortality (aOR 2.43; P = .039). CONCLUSIONS Among patients hospitalized for AF ablation, low inpatient AF ablation hospital volume was associated with worse outcomes following ablation, which was exacerbated by a greater comorbidity burden among patients at these centers.
Design of infrared microspectrometer based on phase-modulated axilenses

We design and characterize a novel axilens-based diffractive optics platform that flexibly combines efficient point focusing and grating selectivity and is compatible with scalable top-down fabrication based on a four-level phase mask configuration. This is achieved using phase-modulated compact axilens devices that simultaneously focus incident radiation of selected wavelengths at predefined locations with larger focal depths compared with traditional Fresnel lenses. In addition, the proposed devices are polarization-insensitive and maintain a large focusing efficiency over a broad spectral band. Specifically, here we discuss and characterize modulated axilens configurations designed for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) in the 6 µm–12 µm wavelength range and in the 4 µm–6 µm midwavelength infrared (MWIR) range. These devices are ideally suited for monolithic integration atop the substrate layers of infrared focal plane arrays and for use as compact microspectrometers. We systematically study their focusing efficiency, spectral response, and cross-talk ratio; further, we demonstrate linear control of multiwavelength focusing on a single plane. Our design method leverages Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theory and is validated numerically using the finite element method. Finally, we demonstrate the application of spatially modulated axilenses to the realization of a compact, single-lens spectrometer. By optimizing our devices, we achieve a minimum distinguishable wavelength interval of Δλ=240nm at λc=8µm and Δλ=165nm at λc=5µm. The proposed devices add fundamental spectroscopic capabilities to compact imaging devices for a number of applications ranging from spectral sorting to LWIR and MWIR phase contrast imaging and detection.
P25 Expansion of Fruit And Vegetable Incentives Impacts People with SNAP at NYC Farmers Markets

Background Adequate fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease but few New York City (NYC) adults report consuming recommended amounts. Both fruit and vegetable consumption have been reported as lower among adults with low income vs high income. Increased availability of financial incentives for farmers' market purchases could reduce barriers to affordable produce, thereby potentially increasing consumption. Research is limited on the factors influencing fruit and vegetable consumption among food assistance program participants, especially for large, urban populations. Objectives This study aimed to offer a preliminary evaluation of the Health Bucks year-round expansion to assess possible short-term effects on fruit and vegetable purchasing and consumption. Study Design, Setting, Participants Two cross-sectional surveys of NYC farmers market shoppers were conducted, immediately before (June 2016) and 1 year after (June 2017) implementation of year-round expansion of the Health Bucks incentive program. Eligible respondents were individuals aged 18+ enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and able to complete an interviewer-administered survey in English or Spanish. A convenience sample of respondents was surveyed each year (n = 425 and n = 453). Measured Outcome/Analysis The survey separately assessed total daily fruit and vegetable consumption among people with SNAP, measured through validated dietary screening questions. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, including fixed effects for year, market location and demographics, were conducted. Significance was determined at P Results Mean daily intake (servings) of fruit remained constant between years (0.7 vs 0.7, P = .708); mean vegetable intake increased (2.3 vs 2.6, P = .004). Conclusions Expansion of Health Bucks from 5 to 12 months was associated with increased vegetable consumption among people with SNAP at NYC farmers markets. Future program priorities may include additional promotion to increase awareness among people with SNAP and expansion to supermarkets, which may be more opportune venues for utilizing incentives.
Epidural Steroid Injections for the Management of Spinal Malignancy-Related Pain: A Pragmatic Review and Retrospective Study.

Background Spinal malignancy-related pain results from tumor, fracture, instability, inflammation, and/or nerve root/spinal cord compression. Systemic corticosteroids are commonly used but have many undesirable adverse effects that impact quality of life and continuation of cancer treatments. Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) may be a viable alternative pain treatment. Objectives This study starts with a pragmatic review on the efficacy of ESIs to treat spinal malignancy-related pain. Given the limited evidence, we supplement the study with a single-center, retrospective review. Methods A pragmatic review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Review. Then, a retrospective chart review was performed. Results A pragmatic review yielded 10 patients who underwent ESI for spinal malignancy-related pain. Three patients had "excellent" relief (≥ 50% relief), who all received thoracic injections. This amounted to level IV evidence and an inconclusive recommendation (Grade C) as per Wright's criteria. In our retrospective review, all thoracic cases achieved at least "moderate" pain improvement (30% to 49% relief). 55.6% had "excellent" relief. Lumbosacral injections resulted in 86.0% with at least "moderate" relief and 69.8% with "excellent" relief. Caudal injections were less likely to benefit than lumbosacral injections (P = 0.02). The transforaminal approach resulted in the best relief. There were no adverse events. Conclusions There is inconclusive evidence to use ESIs to treat spinal malignancy-related pain in the current literature. Our retrospective review provides level III evidence for our conclusion that ESIs are safe and efficacious to treat spinal malignancy-related pain. Thoracic/lumbosacral injections led to significantly better pain relief compared with caudal injections.
Does Media Violence Cause Violence?: Can exposure to Violent TV Shows, Movies and Video Games turn people Aggressive and Desensitized to Violence?

The existing literature is indicative of the fact that violence has been rooted in the mass media like never before and with the growing advancement technological advancement children and adolescents spend considerable amount of time exposed to such violence through various sources of media. In order to address this growing concern, this paper analyses the impact of media violence exposure on the development of aggressive feelings, thoughts and behaviour in children and youth. The content analysis of TV shows, movies and video games as most commonly used sources of media have been analysed along with the studies that show rapid increase in violent behaviour after being exposed to virtual violence. It also explores the neurophysiological perspectives by analysing the consequences of exposure to violent media on adolescents’ brain through neuroimaging. Although limited research has been conducted in this field, but the empirical evidence demonstrates an alteration in the prefrontal mechanisms after exposure to violent media, that are responsible for controlling emotion and behaviour leading to aggression. Based on the current longitudinal research, it is also observed that excessive exposure to media violence makes the youth less emotional and desensitized towards real life violence which ultimately leads to aggressive behaviour and have negative long-term effects on the brain. Future research should integrate other risk factors and research paradigms in order to have a more comprehensive picture with continuous development in next generations’ media technology and changing horizons of violence.
Script Concordance and the Think-Aloud Approach Through the Lens of Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory.

BACKGROUND Script concordance (SC) and the think-aloud (TA) approach informed by cognitive apprenticeship theory can promote clinical reasoning. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether SC with the TA approach based on the tenets of cognitive apprenticeship theory facilitated clinical reasoning in senior-level prelicensure nursing students in a baccalaureate program. METHODS This study was executed in a didactic pediatric nursing course using a quantitative, nonexperimental design. Creation of the SC/TA learning activity was grounded in cognitive apprenticeship theory and based on the SC testing/TA testing method. RESULTS Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a difference (P = .001 and .003) between earlier and later SC scores for the fall 2018 cohort. CONCLUSION The SC/TA teaching/learning activity informed by cognitive apprenticeship theory offers a leveled approach to foster clinical reasoning in prelicensure nursing education.
XGBoost Based Supply Chain Fraud Detection Model

There are plenty of product data in today’s world, and increasing companies pay more attention to using the data effectively. And the application of machine learning models to detect product Fraud has received widespread attention from researchers and enterprises, which could help companies adjust their plans to adapt to the market and increase revenue. In this paper, we hybridize the XGBoost algorithm and Random Forest, and then get an optimized model whose output is the average of the output of the XGBoost model and the Random Forest model. It shows that the Confusion matrixes for XGBoost and Random Forest, the quantity of TP and TF is large, which means the hybrid model performs well. Moreover, I evaluate the hybrid model on the DataCo smart supply chain datasets provided by the Kaggle competition. Experimental results show my method achieves superior performance over the other machine learning approaches. My model’s F1 score is 0.49, 0.49, and 27.9 higher than the Logistic regression algorithm, the SVM, and the Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm respectively.
Examination of a Series of Ir and Rh PXL Pincer Complexes as (Pre)catalysts for Aromatic C–H Borylation

This work follows a previously published study of high-turnover aromatic C–H borylation by Ir complexes supported by POCOP-type ligands incorporating −PiPr2 side donors (L1–L3) using HBpin in the p...
Simulation of Dynamic User Network Connection Anti-Interference and Security Authentication Method Based on Ubiquitous Internet of Things

Ubiquitous Internet of Things includes criteria, applications, and technologies for providing standard data. The system can be used to establish a comprehensive data database to facilitate people to better analyze, organize, and use these data, so as to improve the reliability and sharing of data, to provide better services for users. The purpose of this study is to propose and establish a specific and reliable data exchange program to ensure the security of data exchange. Data security is to ensure the reliability of specific security exchange process. The emphasis of this study is the reliability analysis method and the verification method of exchange process behavior. Based on the analysis of all abnormal phenomena in the Internet of Things traffic, the basic characteristics of network traffic, the basic properties of network traffic, and the theory of multiterminal power communication network anti-interference model construction and noninterference model, the simulation experiment of anti-interference and security authentication method is carried out. The results show that, with the increase of the number of antennas, the false detection probability decreases from 10−1 to 10−4, which can achieve better performance in the detection of active users. When network is used in applications, HTTP + SSL is the most widely used application for data authentication and security authentication. The market of anti-interference technology is developing rapidly. The complex annual growth rate almost doubled in the international market, and the market scale was significantly expanded, with an annual growth rate of about 50%.