cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An octree based approach to multi-grid B-spline registration

In this paper we propose a new strategy for the recovery of complex anatomical deformations that exhibit local discontinuities, such as the shearing found at the lung-ribcage interface, using multi-grid octree B-splines. B- spline based image registration is widely used in the recovery of respiration induced deformations between CT images. However, the continuity imposed upon the computed deformation field by the parametrizing cubic B- spline basis function results in an inability to correctly capture discontinuities such as the sliding motion at organ boundaries. The proposed technique eﬃciently captures deformation within and at organ boundaries without the need for prior knowledge, such as segmentation, by selectively increasing deformation freedom within image regions exhibiting poor local registration. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves more physically plausible deformations than traditional global B-spline methods.
On being a successful clinician educator: Lessons learned to share with new practitioners

Abstract This article discusses lessons learned by a pharmacy clinician-educator during the early stage of her career in academia. In particular, the importance of establishing good mentoring relationships is highlighted as is the need for flexibility, board certification, publications, and loyalty to one's institution. The purpose of this article is to provide new clinician-educators with specific action steps – i.e. principles for success, to combine with self-motivation in order to promote longevity in academia and a sense of personal fulfillment and accomplishment.
Abstract P232: Cardiac Excitation Contraction Coupling Stimulates Mitochondrial Respiration and Superoxide Flash Activity

Normal cardiac excitation-contraction (EC) coupling relies on highly coordinated intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling and adequate mitochondrial energy metabolism. Whether mitochondria can sense the oscillating Ca2+ signals during EC coupling to adjust its respiration status and other functions is largely unknown. Recently, we discovered stochastic and transient mitochondrial superoxide production events, named superoxide flashes, in resting cardiac myocytes. Superoxide flashes are coupled with mitochondrial respiration and triggered by physiological relevant transient permeability transition pore (mPTP) openings. Using superoxide flash as the optical determination of mitochondrial respiration status in living myocytes, we found that EC coupling promotes mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as evidenced by the significantly increased superoxide flash activity by electrical stimulation (pacing frequency 0.5 - 2 Hz). Pre-incubation with Ru360 (50-100 uM), a mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter inhibitor, or cyclosporine A (1 uM), an mPTP blocker, prevented this increase. Simultaneous monitoring of mitochondrial Ca2+ (by rhod-2) and superoxide (by mt-cpYFP, a mitochondrial targeted superoxide indicator) revealed step-wise accumulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ during cytosolic Ca2+ transients in individual mitochondria, which is followed by superoxide flash production and matrix Ca2+ release. Importantly, mitochondrial respiration only responds to transient Ca2+ signals (acute addition of ionophore or pacing) but not chronic manipulations of steady state Ca2+ (depleting or elevating resting cytosolic Ca2+). Through spatiotemporal mapping of superoxide flash and local sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ releasing events, Ca2+ sparks, we found that significant amount of Ca2+ sparks clustered near the flashing mitochondria. Antioxidant pretreatment attenuated the superoxide flash associated Ca2+ sparks. In summary, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake during cardiac EC coupling leads to stochastic acceleration of mitochondrial respiration, mPTP activity and free radical production, which in turn modulate local Ca2+ signaling through promoting SR Ca2+ release.
Potentiation of TRAP-6-induced platelet dense granule release by blockade of P2Y12 signaling with MRS2395

The release of ADP from platelet dense granules and its binding to platelet P2Y12 receptors is key to amplifying the initial hemostatic response and propagating thrombus formation. P2Y12 has thus emerged as a therapeutic target to safely and effectively prevent secondary thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome or a history of myocardial infarction. Pharmacological inhibition of P2Y12 receptors represents a useful approach to better understand the signaling mediated by these receptors and to elucidate the role of these receptors in a multitude of platelet hemostatic and thrombotic responses. The present work examined and compared the effects of four different P2Y12 inhibitors (MRS2395, ticagrelor, PSB 0739, and AR-C 66096) on platelet function in a series of in vitro studies of platelet dense granule secretion and trafficking, calcium generation, and protein phosphorylation. Our results show that in platelets activated with the PAR-1 agonist TRAP-6 (thrombin receptor-activating peptide), inhibition of P2Y12 with the antagonist MRS2395, but not ticagrelor, PSB 0739 or AR-C 66096, potentiated human platelet dense granule trafficking to the plasma membrane and release into the extracellular space, cytosolic Ca2+ influx, and phosphorylation of GSK3β-Ser9 through a PKC-dependent pathway. These results suggest that inhibition of P2Y12 with MRS2395 may act in concert with PAR-1 signaling and result in the aberrant release of ADP by platelet dense granules, thus reducing or counteracting the anticipated anti-platelet efficacy of this inhibitor.
Site Characterization of Landfills Through In Situ Testing

In situ testing methods to obtain geotechnical engineering characterization at landfill sites present considerable opportunities and some challenges. This paper focuses primarily on the use of cone penetration test (CPT) at municipal solid waste and hazardous waste sites. Lessons learned from case histories where CPT has been used, either alone or in combination with other investigation methods, provide useful information for future work in this area.
Intravenous sotalol for the management of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia.

Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a common postoperative arrhythmia seen in children undergoing surgery to repair congenital heart defects.1, 2 If conservative interventions such as cooling, sedation, weaning of inotropic therapy, and atrial overdrive pacing3, 4 are not adequate, intravenous (IV) antiarrhythmic drugs are used. The most commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of JET include amiodarone and procainamide.4, 5, 6 Recently IV sotalol has become available, and initial studies and case reports have shown it to be safe and effective in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in children.7, 8, 9 We report the first use of IV sotalol for the treatment of postoperative JET.
Splicing code modeling

How do cis and trans elements involved in pre-mRNA splicing come together to form a splicing “code”? This question has been a driver of much of the research involving RNA biogenesis. The variability of splicing outcome across developmental stages and between tissues coupled with association of splicing defects with numerous diseases highlights the importance of such a code. However, the sheer number of elements involved in splicing regulation and the context-specific manner of their operation have made the derivation of such a code challenging. Recently, machine learning-based methods have been developed to infer computational models for a splicing code. These methods use high-throughput experiments measuring mRNA expression at exonic resolution and binding locations of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to infer what the regulatory elements that control the inclusion of a given pre-mRNA segment are. The inferred regulatory models can then be applied to genomic sequences or experimental conditions that have not been measured to predict splicing outcome. Moreover, the models themselves can be interrogated to identify new regulatory mechanisms, which can be subsequently tested experimentally. In this chapter, we survey the current state of this technology, and illustrate how it can be applied by non-computational or RNA splicing experts to study regulation of specific exons by using the AVISPA web tool.
Consumers Prior Purchase Intentions and their Evaluation of Savings on Product Bundles

Bundling of more than one product has been a strategy used by retailers and manufacturers for decades in both consumer and industrial markets (Nagle 1984). The hardware and software packages offered by computer manufacturers, vacation packages offered by the travel agencies, a shaving foam sold along with razors at some retailers are just a few commercial examples of bundling. While offering such product bundles, marketers usually use one of two forms of product bundling—either a pure bundle or a mixed bundle. When following a pure bundling strategy, the marketer offers a combination of certain products or services only in bundled form. However, when a marketer gives an option to consumers to buy these products or services separately or as a bundle, the bundling strategy is called mixed bundling. Given the popularity and the effectiveness of mixed bundling in marketing, this research will focus only on this type of bundling strategy.
Spinoza and the Affective Turn: A Return to the Philosophical Origins of Affect:

In their introduction to a recent special issue of Qualitative Inquiry, Taguchi and St. Pierre observed that Foucault’s notion of “fruitful disorientation” seemed to circulate throughout the includ...
Three-dimensional bioprinting to bridge the gap in spinal cord injuries

A novel 3D bioprinting technique allows for precise control over cell type positioning and axonal growth direction toward recapitulating the complex architecture of the spinal cord.
Dynamics of age-related catastrophic mitotic failures and recovery in yeast

Abstract Genome instability is a hallmark of aging and contributes to age-related disorders such as progeria, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. In particular, nuclear quality control mechanisms and cell cycle checkpoints have generally been studied in young cells and animals where they function optimally, and where genomic instability is low. Here, we use single cell imaging to study the consequences of increased genomic instability during aging, and identify striking age-associated genome missegregation events. During these events the majority of mother cell chromatin, and often both spindle poles, are mistakenly sent to the daughter cell. This breakdown in mitotic fidelity is accompanied by a transient cell cycle arrest that can persist for many hours, as cells engage a retrograde transport mechanism to return chromosomes to the mother cell. The repetitive ribosomal DNA (rDNA) has been previously identified as being highly vulnerable to age-related replication stress and genomic instability, and we present several lines of evidence supporting a model whereby expansion of rDNA during aging results in nucleolar breakdown and competition for limited nucleosomes, thereby increasing risk of catastrophic genome missegregation.
Lethal Antimicrobials and the Generality of Cellular Toxicity [University of Findlay]

The exceedingly prevalent antibiotic resistance and need for effective antibiotic exploration has led researchers to a diverse array of biologically occurring compounds. In particular, snake venoms have antimicrobial properties and may be beneficial in medicinal development. Numerous studies have been completed on the Viperidae and Elapidae species, but only a handful of studies have been completed on the Colubridae. Although many bioactive components are found in colubrid venom, this dearth of studies may be due to the fact that many Colubridae species lack mammalian specific toxicity and an underlying assumption that antimicrobial activity is linked to general cellular toxicity of venom. This study addresses this assumption and tests hypotheses concerning the correlation between toxicity and antimicrobial effectiveness, in hopes of exploring less toxic venoms that possess antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial activity of snakes and LD50 values were obtained through an exhaustive literature search. Overall antibacterial activity of each snake species was calculated as a percent of effective/ineffective studies. A regression analysis was completed to test for correlation between LD50 and antibacterial effectiveness. Additionally, t-tests were performed to determine if LD50 values differed between effective/ineffective venoms. Preliminary results suggest that antimicrobial activity is not correlated to LD50 values. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in LD50 values between effective and ineffective venoms against the major bacteria tested (E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis). These data reject the hypothesis that antimicrobial effectiveness is correlated to venom toxicity. Venom components, that are similar between snake species but lack mammalian cell toxicity may be the primary cause for venoms antimicrobial properties. Therefore, venom of a nontoxic colubrid potentially possesses antimicrobial properties, while being less toxic to patients; increasing the therapeutic index and lending support for further investigation.
Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in patients with Crohn's disease in remission.

Previous studies have found neural alterations in regions involved in cognitive and affective functions among Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. The present work recruited 18 CD patients and 18 age-gender matched healthy controls (HC) and specifically compared differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the executive control network (ECN) which has been implicated in cognitive function and default mode network (DMN), which has been implicated in affective function. Additionally, we examined the correlations between RSFC in ECN and verbal fluency (VF) in both groups as well as RSFC in DMN and anxiety level in the CD group. Results showed significantly increased RSFC between the right middle frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in ECN, as well as increased RSFC between the right precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex in DMN, among CD patients compared to HC. However, the correlations between ECN/DMN and behavioral scores in each group were not significant, which was possibility due to the limited sample size. These findings suggest that CD patients may experience changes in the connectivity patterns in ECN and DMN. Increased connectivity observed on these networks could be a potential biomarker of a neuropsychiatric manifestation of CD.
Sociologies of Islam

The sociology of Islam arguably emerged in the fourteenth century with the work of Ibn Khaldun, but the term itself appeared first in 1931. In recent years, the field has expanded to encompass the ...
Mango: Exploratory Data Analysis for Large-Scale Sequencing Datasets

Summary The decreasing cost of DNA sequencing over the past decade has led to an explosion of sequencing datasets, leaving us with petabytes of data to analyze. However, current sequencing visualization tools are designed to run on single machines, which limits their scalability and interactivity on modern genomic datasets. Here, we leverage the scalability of Apache Spark to provide Mango, consisting of a Jupyter notebook and genome browser, which removes scalability and interactivity constraints by leveraging multi-node compute clusters to allow interactive analysis over terabytes of sequencing data. We demonstrate scalability of the Mango tools by performing quality control analyses on 10 terabytes of 100 high-coverage sequencing samples from the Simons Genome Diversity Project, enabling capability for interactive genomic exploration of multi-sample datasets that surpass the computational limitations of single-node visualization tools. Mango is freely available for download with full documentation at https://bdg-mango.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ .
Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy via an Eyebrow Incision: Management of the Opened Frontal Sinus.

Background The eyebrow orbitozygomatic craniotomy is a minimally invasive approach that can access a wide variety of lesions. Unintentional breach of the frontal sinus frequently occurs and has been cited as a reason to avoid this approach. Lack of access to a large pericranial graft and the inability to completely cranialize the sinus requires alternate techniques of sinus repair. We describe a technique for repairing an opened frontal sinus and retrospectively reviewed complications related to this approach. Methods All patients, who underwent an orbitozygomatic craniotomy via an eyebrow incision by a single surgeon from August 1, 2012 to August 31, 2018, were included in this retrospective analysis. Data were collected on patient demographics, pathology treated, operative details, and perioperative morbidity. Follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 6 years. Results Total 50 patients with a wide variety of pathologies underwent analysis. Frontal sinus breach occurred in 21 patients. All were repaired by the described technique. One patient (ruptured aneurysm) had a suspected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak postoperatively that resolved without any additional intervention. One patient developed a pneumomeningocele 4 years postoperatively that required reoperation. No patient suffered any infection or delayed CSF leak. Conclusion Breach of the frontal sinus is common during eyebrow craniotomies. Despite reduced options for local repair, these patients have experienced no CSF leaks requiring intervention and no infections in our series. Long-term mucocele risk is not reliably determined with our length of follow-up. Breach of the frontal sinus is not a contraindication to the eyebrow approach.
Customer switching behavior analysis in the telecommunication industry via push-pull-mooring framework: A machine learning approach

Abstract Customer retention is one of the key challenges in the telecommunication industry. Companies may find customer churn prediction to be vital to the success of their operations because a careful analysis of churning may provide a crucial means to retain customers. Among potentially a vast amount of factors that impact the churn, it is critical to identify the most influential ones towards which customer retention efforts can be directed. In this paper, we compare the performance of different churn prediction models based on the real data obtained from a partner company. The prediction models include logistic regression, support vector machines, random forest, and decision tree. Furthermore, the push-pull-mooring (PPM) framework is utilized to study the effect of features on customers churn behavior from push, pull, and mooring perspectives. A partial least squares (PLS) regression is used to perform the PPM analysis. Furthermore, the behavior or churners and non-churners are analyzed. The results show that the logistic regression has the highest prediction accuracy, and the drop-percentage push factor is found to be one of the most influential factors affecting the customer churn, as churners are more sensitive to service quality than non-churners.
What Are Our Patients Really Telling Us? Psychological Constructs Associated With Patient-Reported Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

CONTEXT Depressed patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are directly related to suboptimal recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Various PROs commonly used after ACLR can provide a gross estimation of function but do not fully elucidate the causes of self-perceived disability. OBJECTIVE To more fully characterize the factors driving responses on PROs. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. A mixed-methods approach was used, in which qualitative interviews were conducted alongside administration of PROs to uncover the themes behind a participant's PRO responses. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one individuals with unilateral ACLR (age = 20.90 ± 2.86 years, height = 172.0 ± 11.03 cm; mass = 71.52 ± 13.59 kg, postsurgery = 3.66 ± 3.03 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Patient-reported outcome measures were administered and qualitative interviews were conducted. The PROs consisted of the International Knee Documentation Committee form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups based on PRO responses. Qualitative interviews provided supplemental insight into perceived disability. Independent t tests examined cluster differences for themes. Spearman ρ correlations indicated associations between PRO responses and themes. RESULTS Two clusters (perceived high or low disability) emerged. Individuals with low perceived disability scored better on all PROs (P < .05) except for the KOOS-Activities of Daily Living. Internal and external facilitators or barrier subthemes emerged from the interviews. A significant difference was present between clusters and themes. Lower TSK andgreater ACL-RSI and KOOS-Quality of Life scores were associated with more perceived facilitators. CONCLUSIONS Participants with greater internal motivation and confidence and a support network had improved PROs. Those with avoidance tendencies, fear, lack of clear expectations, and less social support scored worse on PROs. The TSK, ACL-RSI, and KOOS-Quality of Life scales were best able to capture the constructs associated with perceived wellness, which reinforces their utility in recovery.
Association between Primary Perioperative CEA Ratio, Tumor Site, and Overall Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

There are differences in the incidence, clinical presentation, molecular pathogenesis, and outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on tumor location. Emerging research suggests that the perioperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ratio (post-op/pre-op CEA) is a prognostic factor for CRC patients. We aimed to determine the association between CEA ratio, tumor location, and overall survival (OS) among patients with CRC. We analyzed 427 patients who underwent resection for CRC at the University of Kansas Medical Center. After excluding those without pre- or post-operative CEA data, 207 patients were classified as either high (≥0.5) or low ( 5 ng/mL at the time of recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival rates. The median age was 62 years (inter-quartile range 51-71), 55% were male, 41% were smokers, 71% had left-sided tumors, the median pre-operative CEA was 3.1 ng/mL (inter-quartile range (IQR) 1.5-9.7), and 57% had a CEA ratio ≥0.5. The OS rates were 65.1% and 86.3% in patients with high versus low CEA ratios, respectively (log-rank p-value = 0.045). The OS rates were 64.4% and 77.3% in patients with right-sided vs. left-sided tumors, respectively (log-rank p-value = 0.5). Among patients with CEA levels greater than 5 at the time of recurrence, the OS rates were 42.9% and 43.4% in patients with right-sided vs. left-sided tumors, respectively (log-rank p-value = 0.7). There was a significantly higher survival among patients with low CEA ratios than among those with high CEA ratios. There was no difference in OS between left- versus right-sided tumors. Among patients with CEA elevation > 5 ng/mL at the time of recurrence, there was no difference in OS between left versus right-sided tumors. These findings warrant validation in a larger cohort as our sample size was limited.
A field-enhanced conduction-cooled superconducting cavity for high-repetition-rate ultrafast electron bunch generation

Abstract High-repetition-rate sources of bright electron bunches have a wide range of applications. They can directly be employed as probes in electron-scattering setups, or serve as a backbone for the generation of radiation over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper describes the development of a compact sub-Mega-electronvolt (sub-MeV) electron-source setup capable of operating at MHz repetition rates and forming sub-picosecond electron bunches with transverse emittance below 20 nm. The setup relies on a conduction-cooled superconducting single-cell resonator with its geometry altered to enhance the field at the surface of the emitter. The system is designed to accommodate cooling using a 2 W pulse-tube cryogen-free cryocooler operated at 4.2 K. Although we focus on the case of a photoemitted electron bunch, the scheme could be adapted to other emission mechanisms.
Solar Cell Performance Measurements Under Artificial Lighting Sources

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in measurements of photovoltaic solar cells under ambient artificial lighting such as light emitting diode (LED) or fluorescent light sources. Certain classes of solar cells are considered very good candidates for energy harvesting from mostly visible ambient lighting for the purpose of powering internet-of-things devices. However, measurements of the irradiance of these light sources, a key requirement for characterization of solar cells, has been challenging because there are currently no reference solar cells offered by any metrology laboratory for low light artificial measurements. The current approach of using illuminance meters for measuring the irradiance can result in unacceptable discrepancies between different labs. In this work, we take the first steps in demonstrating that a reference solar cell can indeed be calibrated under a well-defined low-light spectrum and can be used to perform current vs. voltage measurements on any test device under any arbitrary low light spectrum yielding consistent results. This work also highlights the pitfall of using lux meters for measuring light intensity and instead advocates for use of an effective irradiance ratio.
Fix Your Leaky Pipeline: Support Women in Pursuit of Advanced Degrees

Completing a doctoral program is a daunting journey for any individual. Working full-time and juggling personal demands make the journey more complex. This monograph explores the unique motivations women who travel this path possess, identifies barriers in completion of a doctoral program for women, and tells the story of one group of women who developed a working model for a supportive writing group. As numbers of female health professions students and education leaders increase, institutions must identify mechanisms for support of women interested in pursuing an academic doctoral degree, preparing academic institutions for future diversity changes in health care.
Effect of single or sequential POST herbicide applications on seed production and viability of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in dicamba- and glyphosate-resistant soybean

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed that can emerge throughout the soybean growing season in Nebraska and several other regions of the United States. Late-emerging Palmer amaranth plants can produce seeds, thus replenishing the soil seedbank. The objectives of this study were to evaluate single or sequential applications of labeled POST herbicides such as acifluorfen, dicamba, a fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl premix, glyphosate, and lactofen on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, biomass, seed production, and seed viability, as well as grain yield of dicamba- and glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower's field infested with GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, NE, in 2018 and 2019, with no PRE herbicide applied. Acifluorfen, dicamba, a premix of fomesafen and fluthiacet-methyl, glyphosate, or lactofen were applied POST in single or sequential applications between the V4 and R6 soybean growth stages, with timings based on product labels. Dicamba applied at V4 or in sequential applications at V4 followed by R1 or R3 controlled GR Palmer amaranth 91% to 100% at soybean harvest, reduced Palmer amaranth density to as low as 2 or fewer plants m–2, reduced seed production to 557 to 2,911 seeds per female plant, and resulted in the highest soybean yield during both years of the study. Sequential applications of acifluorfen, fomesafen and fluthiacet premix, or lactofen were not as effective as dicamba for GR Palmer amaranth control; however, they reduced seed production similar to dicamba. On the basis of the results of this study, we conclude that dicamba was effective for controlling GR Palmer amaranth and reduced density, biomass, and seed production without DGR soybean injury. Herbicides evaluated in this study had no effect on Palmer amaranth seed viability. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; dicamba; fluthiacet-methyl; fomesafen; glyphosate; lactofen; Palmer amaranth; Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Diagnosis of A Novel Variant of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in a Bull

Bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV is economically devastating to the beef and dairy industries in most parts of the world, and diagnosing variant strains of BVDV can challenge the practitioner. Being aware of available diagnostic tests and their limitations will aid in making an accurate diagnosis.
Chitotriosidase as a biomarker for gangliosidoses.

Elevated serum chitotriosidase (CHITO) is an indication of macrophage activation, and its capacity have been explored as a marker of inflammation in a number of disease states. For over a decade, CHITO plasma levels have been used by clinicians as a biomarker of inflammation in the lysosomal disease, Gaucher disease, including monitoring response to therapies in patients with Gaucher disease type I. Although it is becoming increasingly recognized that inflammation is a prominent component of many lysosomal diseases, the relation of CHITO levels to disease burden has not been well-characterized in the large majority of lysosomal diseases. Moreover, the role of CHITO in lysosomal diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) has not been systematically studied. In this study, one hundred and thirty-four specimens of CSF and serum were collected from 34 patients with lysosomal diseases affecting the CNS. This study included patients with GM1-gangliosidosis, GM2-gangliosidosis, mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), multiple sulfatase deficiency and Gaucher disease. CHITO levels in the CSF were significantly higher in patients with more rapidly progressing severe neurological impairment: GM1-gangliosidosis vs MPS (p < 0.0001); GM2-gangliosidosis vs MPS (p < 0.0001). CHITO levels were higher in patients with the more severe phenotypes compared to milder phenotypes in GM1-gangliosidosis and GM2-gangliosidosis (serum CHITO in GM1-gangliosidosis infantile vs juvenile p = 0.025; CSF CHITO in Tay-Sachs infantile vs Tay-Sachs late-onset p < 0.0001). Moreover, higher CHITO levels in the CSF were significantly associated with lower cognitive test scores in patients with GM1-gangliosidosis, GM2-gangliosidosis, and MPS (p = 1.12*10-5, R2 = 0.72). Patients with infantile GM1-gangliosidosis showed increasing CSF CHITO over time, suggesting that CSF CHITO reflects disease progression and a possible surrogate endpoint for future clinical trials with infantile GM1-gangliosidosis. In summary, these results support the use of CSF CHITO to diagnose between different disease phenotypes and as a valuable tool for monitoring disease progression in patients. These results necessitate the inclusion of CHITO as an exploratory biomarker for clinical trials.
On End-to-End QOS Mapping

A framework for studying the end-to-end QOS mapping between the various levels of the transport protocol stack is presented. A platform for evaluating end-to-end QOS that supports concurrent network, transport and application level measurements is described. QOS measurements for various video clips indicate that the loss bound obtained under the assumption of uniformly distributed cell losses within a video frame is too conservative.
A predictor-corrector algorithm for the numerical evaluation of reflector antenna radiation integrals

The authors demonstrate that the CA (Crabtree algorithm) yields a significant saving on the number of integrand evaluations as compared to the efficient LA (Ludwig algorithm). They also present a predictor-corrector technique for using the CA without having to handle the integrand phase separately. An important advantage of using a predictor-corrector algorithm is the fact that, by comparing the predicted and corrected integrand values, it is possible to perform a self-check of the integration algorithm accuracy and hence determine when its results are reliable. The combination CA plus predictor-corrector then yields a very general, accurate, and numerically efficient technique for evaluating reflector antenna radiation integrals. The effectiveness of the CA, combined with the predictor-corrector scheme, is investigated by applying it to a reflector antenna physical-optics scattering computation example. >
Long-Term Elevated Temperature Leaching of Solid Waste Forms

Long-term soxhlet leaching of simulated waste glass and ceramic materials was initiated to elucidate leaching behavior of complex wasteforms. A cyclic leaching pattern was found in all systems over a 20 month period. Maxima and minima were observed in the leaching rates of all components studied with the minima coinciding. The data suggested several mechanistic features which are described, but they did not conform with reported simple leaching mechanisms.
Book Review of Brian Tamanaha's Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide: The Role of Politics in Judging

Prof. Tamanaha seeks to show that many judges of the formalist era did not publicly espouse the kind of rigid, doctrinaire formalism that is so often ascribed to them. Instead, he suggests, many jurists thought to be formalists held a far more nuanced view of common law jurisprudence that was far closer to the traditional realist account than is generally supposed. Similarly, Prof. Tamanaha seeks to demonstrate that many classic legal realists, including Jerome Frank, Roscoe Pound and Karl Llewellyn, acknowledged the “rule bound” nature of actual adjudication much more than the conventional account suggests. His ambition in the book is nothing less than to thoroughly debunk and disprove the conventional account of the development of common law jurisprudence in the first half of the twentieth century.
Big Changes Needed: Where to Find the Money?

This article discusses ways that librarians can find the money to make big changes within their organizations. The article discusses strategic planning, metrics, and greater operating efficiencies as sound management methods to obtain the funding to make important changes in tight financial times. The piece has a practical tone addressed to library leaders and to practitioners who are asked to make significant changes in a lean economy.
Communication Technology in the Extended Present and Futures

If you do not know what the above image is, then you are either behind the times or well ahead of the time these words were written. Indeed, this image is a bit behind the times. Given how quickly technologies change and society is changed by technology, you should not be surprised or feel bad. Quick Response (or QR) codes were invented in the mid-1990s by a firm working with Toyota to track auto parts through the manufacturing supply chain. By the late 2000s, QR codes became popular with advertisers seeking to exploit the rapid growth of the smartphone market, but due to some challenges, primarily issues with scanning and broken links, QR codes have fallen from grace with the tech community, although they can still be seen and found in many places and remain popular with artists and museums. The rise of QR codes would have been impossible without the advent of smartphones, which would have been impossible without the rise of wireless Internet access, which would have been impossible without the rise of high-capacity processors, and so on and so on, as we have shown. Ultimately, no technology emerges in a vacuum, and all technologies reflect the world in which they emerge, which is to say that they are deeply and intimately entwined with social and political phenomena.
Perception and Judgment in the Theaetetus

In the Theaetetus, Plato argues against the thesis that knowledge is perception. At various points in the discussion, one glimpses a background theory of perception which, if fully articulated, would make the course of the argument more intelligible. This is particularly true of the final argument against this thesis at 184-186, for in making this argument Plato seems to speak in his own voice and to make claims about perception that stand in need of further elucidation. Certain features of the argument at 184-186 that bear on the question of what Plato thinks perception is have been discussed by Cooper and Burnyeat with considerable insight.' A full-scale reconstruction of the theory of perception which Plato subscribes to in the Theaetetus remains to be undertaken. Since the Theaetetus is an important source of information about Plato's views on perception in the later period, an attempt at such a reconstruction appears in order. The object of this paper is to carry out this project, i.e., to elucidate the theory of perception found in the Theaetetus. In the first section, a general characterization of perception will be given that meets the requirement that the claims made about perception in the course of the argument at 184-6 are entailed by it. This requirement, it will be argued, would be met by a modified version of the secret doctrine account of perception. The objective of the second section will be to decide whether, on the theory of perception at work in the Theaetetus, human percipients are able to make simple judgments through perception. The third section seeks to give an account of the mind's inability to grasp ousia (being) through perception which is compatible with the position that some simple judgments are made through perception.
RESONANCE RAMAN STUDIES OF BENZENE DERIVATIVES WITH METHOXY SUBSTITUTION CONFORMATIONAL SYMMETRY BREAKING EFFECTS

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University; Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon; Pacific Northwest, National Laboratory; Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council of Canada
Sodium Penetration in Rapid Ion Conductors

The degradation of sodium ion conductors is more severe below the melting point of sodium and the use of ..beta..''-alumina, where sodium ion neutralization reaction is accomplished, should be avoided below the melting point. A specimen of Na/sub 3/Zr/sub 2/Si/sub 2/ PO/sub 12/ was tested. Rapid sodium penetration occurred below the melting point of sodium but not above. Results indicate that rapid ion conductors should not be used as solid electrolyte membranes in sodium-sulfur batteries. (FS)
Addressing Conceptual Confusions About Evolutionary Theorizing: How and Why Evolutionary Psychology and Feminism Do Not Oppose Each Other

This commentary is a rejoinder to the Buss and Schmitt (2011) and Eagly and Wood (2011) commentaries concerning how evolutionary psychology and feminism might fit together. This rejoinder provides one path toward uniting these perspectives in psychological literature by accomplishing three tasks. First, this rejoinder addresses and removes conceptual confusions offered by Buss and Schmitt (2011) concerning the philosophy of science and psychology research. Second, this rejoinder fits evolutionary psychology perspectives into a correctly understood philosophy of science for psychology. Third, enacting Eagly and Wood’s (2011) suggestions, this rejoinder connects evolutionary psychology and feminism by expanding Tate and Ledbetter’s (2010) stepwise model for understanding the simultaneous contributions of evolutionary and developmental factors to psychological phenomena. Thus, by removing conceptual roadblocks, this rejoinder provides a scaffold for fruitful discussions concerning the interplay of evolutionary psychology and feminist perspectives when characterizing gender differences and similarities.
Keeping p53 in Check: A High-Stakes Balancing Act

How do regulatory switches achieve high sensitivity within the noisy cellular milieu? Loewer et al. (2010) now use single-cell microscopy to demonstrate that alternative posttranslational modifications allow the tumor suppressor p53 to differentiate between benign breaks in DNA during the cell cycle and deleterious damage caused by mutagens.
Development and Application of a Comprehensive Analysis of Liquid-Rocket Combustion

A comprehensive method for analyzing liquid-rocket engine combustion is introduced, which utilizes and unifies the results of analytical and experimental research in the fields of liquid-propellant injection and combustion. A system of 3-dimensiorial, time-dependent, nonlinear-conservation equations is derived and the necessary expressions for bipropellant spray-mass distribution, drop size, drop velocities, spray evaporation, and interphase drag are presented. Specialized application of the general model to the analysis of ablative-chamber compatibility is summarized and illustrated.
Finite Separating Sets in Locally Finite Graphs

An (m, n)-separator of an infinite graph ? is a smallest finite set of vertices whose deletion leaves at least m finite components and at least n infinite components. It is shown that a vertex of ? of finite valence belongs to only finitely many (0, 2)-separators. Various results concerning the interrelation of (m, n)-separators (especially (0, 2)-separators) are obtained for locally finite graphs. Particular attention is given in the case that ? is vertex-transitive or edge-transitive.
Cultural Centres and Guest Worker Integration in Stuttgart, Germany, 1960–1976

This paper explores the role that cultural centres played in the integration of guest workers into the city of Stuttgart, Germany. It argues that the centres were initially used as instruments of social control, but after the mid-1960s, as local authorities increasingly envisioned the guest workers as a permanent part of West German society, the focus of the centres was on the integration of guest workers, particularly the ‘second generation’, into not just the economic, but also the social and civic life of Stuttgart and to further cultural understanding between them and West Germans. Furthermore, the paper shows that the centres acted as spaces in which the guest workers themselves could advance their own interests within Stuttgart and many times were sites where they acted out ethnic and political conflicts from their homelands.
Computer Simulation of Controlled Radical Polymerization: Effect of Chain Confinement Due to Initiator Grafting Density and Solvent Quality in “Grafting From” Method

We use stochastic Monte Carlo simulation following the bond fluctuation model to study the effects of grafting density of surface-anchored initiators and solvent quality on controlled radical polymerization (CRP) from flat impenetrable substrates under good and poor solvent conditions. Our CRP model includes a mechanism for activation/deactivation of the chains and neglects termination and chain transfer reactions. The system is, thus, “truly living”. We find that under these conditions, surface-initiated polymerizations at low grafting densities resemble those in the bulk. In contrast, at high initiator grafting densities, these surface-initiated polymerizations result in gradients of the free monomer and chain-end concentrations, which lead to an uneven growth of the chains and ultimately yield polymers with broad molecular weight distributions. Poor solvent conditions exacerbate this problem by collapsing the chains and in some cases forming chain aggregates, which further restrict the access of free m...
A Measurement of the UHECR Spectrum with the HiRes FADC Detector

We have measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) with the HiRes FADC detector (HiRes-2) in monocular mode. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the detector response to air showers has been used to calculate the energy dependent acceptance of the air fluorescence detector. The measured spectrum complements the measurement by the HiRes-1 detector down to lower energies. Systematic effects of the assumed input spectrum and composition on the aperture are presented, as well as systematics due to the atmosphere.
Sudden unexplained death among subjects with refractory epilepsy.

Summary: Purpose: To address concerns about possible increases in rates of sudden unexplained death (SUD) after use of new anticonvulsants, more information on the rate of SUD among subjects with refractory epilepsy is needed to provide a comparison. Methods: We conducted a study to estimate the incidence of SUD among subjects younger than 50 years with refractory epilepsy, by using information from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) in the United Kingdom. For the purposes of this study, subjects receiving two or more anticonvulsant drugs concurrently were considered to have refractory epilepsy. Potential cases of SUD were identified from the computer records, and clinical records for these subjects were reviewed by two specialists in SUD in epilepsy. Results: Fifteen subjects (eight male, seven female) of the 4,150 subjects with refractory epilepsy were considered to have definite/probable or possible SUD. Conclusions: The overall incidence rate of SUD in the population was 2.2 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 1.3–3.6). The rate for subjects with highly probable SUD was 1.5 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 0.8–2.7).
SAME4HPC: a promising approach in building a scalable and mobile environment for high-performance computing

In this paper, an architecture for building Scalable And Mobile Environment For High-Performance Computing with spatial capabilities called SAME4HPC is described using cutting-edge technologies and standards such as Node.js, HTML5, ECMAScript 6, and PostgreSQL 9.4. Mobile devices are increasingly becoming powerful enough to run high-performance apps. At the same time, there exist a significant number of low-end and older devices that rely heavily on the server or the cloud infrastructure to do the heavy lifting. Our architecture aims to support both of these types of devices to provide high-performance and rich user experience. A cloud infrastructure consisting of OpenStack with Ubuntu, GeoServer, and high-performance JavaScript frameworks are some of the key open-source and industry standard practices that has been adopted in this architecture.
Condensed equilibria in the uranium(III)-uranium(IV) fluoride system

Abstract The phase diagram of the condensed system UF 3 -UF 4 was established experimentally. The system is characterized by the occurrence of a single eutectic invariant point, at 32 mole% UF 3 , m.p. 865°C; by the absence of intermediate compounds; and by the behavior of UF 3 acting as crystalline solvent for U 4+ . Solid state equilibria were found to differ substantially from those reported previously by British and Russian workers. Uranium(IV) was found to undergo substitutional solid solution in UF 3 , reaching a maximum solubility at the solidus at UF 3 -UF 4 (67-33 mole%). As was to be expected analogous solution behavior with UF 4 acting as a solute for U 3+ , does not occur.
issues and concerns in Master's‐level training and employment

The controversy that surrounds Master's-level training in psychology prompted a study of the training and professional activities of those with subdoctoral training. Individuals with a Master's degree in psychology and agencies that employ them were surveyed independently to ascertain the duties performed by and assigned to them. Response rates of 21% and 24% for individuals and agencies, respectively, resulted from the mailing. The results suggested a discrepancy between the projections of agencies and individuals about the need for services in the future. Both agencies and individuals reported a substantial amount of time spent in direct services, therapy, or psychological testing. While individuals generally were satisfied with their career decision, they were less so with the decision to seek licen- sure as a psychological examiner.