cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Educational Strategies to Promote Professional Nursing in Long-Term Care: An Integrative Review

This integrative review investigates various strategies in professional nursing education that facilitate positive attitudes toward working with older adults in long-term care (LTC) environments, including nursing homes. Nine studies contained strategies that increased positive attitudes of nurses towards older adults. The barrier most frequently identified is lack of gerontological knowledge by faculty and students, suggesting increased knowledge in faculty may ensure that older adults receive quality care. Early introduction of students to people who are aging successfully may dispel bias against older adults. Lack of current nursing role models in LTC settings may reinforce negative stereotypes.
Genetic Analyses and Manipulations of Rhizobium meliloti Exopolysaccharides

We have recently obtained strong genetic evidence that succinoglycan, the acidic Calcofluor-binding exopolysaccharide (EPS I), of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium meliloti strain Rm1021 is required for nodule invasion and possibly for later events in nodule development on alfalfa and other hosts. Thirteen loci on the second megaplasmid have been identified that are required for, or affect, the synthesis of EPS I. Mutations in certain of these loci completely abolish the production of EPS I and result in mutants that form empty Fix− nodules. exoH mutants fail to succinylate their EPS I and form empty Fix− nodules. We have identified two unlinked regulatory loci, exoR and exoS, whose products play negative roles in the regulation of expression of the exo genes. We have recently discovered that R. meliloti has a latent capacity to synthesize a second exopolysaccharide (EPS II) that can substitute for the role(s) of EPS I in nodulation of alfalfa but not of other hosts. Possible roles for Rhizobium exopolysaccharides in nodulation will be discussed as will examples of manipulations of the regulation of synthesis, structure, and molecular weight of EPS I.
Human CD4(+) T-Cells: A Role for Low-Affinity Fc Receptors.

Both lymphoid and myeloid cells express Fc-receptors (FcRs). Low affinity FcRs engage circulating immune complexes, which results in the cellular activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. FcRs participate in the internalization, transport and/or recycling of antibodies and antigens. Cytosolic FcRs also route these proteins to proteasomes and antigen presentation pathways. Non-activated CD4+ T-cells do not express FcRs. Once activated, naive CD4+ T-cells express FcγRIIIa, which upon IC ligation, provide a co-stimulatory signal for the differentiation of these cells into effector cell population. FcγRIIIa present on CD4+ T-cell membrane could internalize nucleic acid containing ICs and elicit a cross-talk with toll-like receptors. FcγRIIIa common γ-chain forms a heterodimer with the ζ-chain of T-cell receptor complex, suggesting a synergistic role for these receptors. This review first summarizes our current understanding of FcRs on CD4+ T-cells. Thereafter, I will attempt to correlate the findings from the recent literature on FcRs and propose a role for these receptors in modulating adaptive immune responses via TLR signaling, nucleic acid sensing and epigenetic changes in CD4+ T-cells.
Multiple spike-initiation zones in single neurons revealed by voltage-sensitive dyes

The primary function of the nerve cell is to process electrical signals. Over the past fifteen years there has been renewed interest in the detailed spatial analysis of signalling in individual neurons owing to experimental evidence that the regional electrical properties of neurons are complex. Thus the behaviour of many nerve cells cannot be understood on the basis of microelectrode measurements from the soma. Regional electrical properties of neurons have been studied using sharp microelectrode and patch-electrode recordings from neuronal processes, high-resolution multisite optical recordings of Ca2+ concentration changes and by using models to predict the distribution of membrane potential in the entire neuronal arborization. Additional direct evidence about electrical signalling in neuronal processes in situ can now be obtained by recording membrane potential changes using voltage-sensitive dyes. Here I demonstrate the existence of multiple action potential trigger zones in separate regions of the neuronal arborization of an identified molluscan neuron.
Neprilysin homolog of streptococci

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the activity, specificity and structural chemistry of Kell blood-group protein. Kell protein is important in transfusion medicine because it is polymorphic and immunogenic and alloantibodies are often produced when unmatched blood is transfused. Kell antibodies can cause fetal and neonatal anemia and severe reactions in unmatched blood transfusions. Kell is associated with another protein, termed XK, and the association was first deduced by serological studies on red cells of rare phenotypes that either lacked Kell antigens, the K phenotype, or lacked XK, the McLeod phenotype. McLeod red cells have abnormal shape and diminished amounts of Kell protein. The McLeod phenotype is associated with neurological and muscular disorders. On the other hand, K red cells have normal shape, enhanced level of Kx, an antigen carried by XK protein, but low amounts of XK protein. There is no obvious clinical symptom associated with the Kell phenotype. Isolation of Kell and XK proteins from human red cells with specific alloimmune antibodies showed based on SDS-PAGE mobility that Kell is a 93 kDa protein and XK is 38 kDa.
Regression Estimators of Causal Effects

Regression models are perhaps the most common form of data analysis used to evaluate alternative explanations for outcomes of interest to quantitatively oriented social scientists. In the past 50 years, a remarkable variety of regression models have been developed by statisticians. Accordingly, most major data analysis software packages allow for regression estimation of the relationships between interval and categorical variables, in cross sections and longitudinal panels, and in nested and multilevel patterns. In this chapter, however, we restrict our attention to ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, focusing mostly on the regression of an interval-scaled variable on a binary causal variable. As we will show, the issues are complicated enough for these models, and it is our knowledge of how least squares models work that allows us to explain this complexity. In addition, nearly all of the insight that can be gained from a deep examination of OLS models carries over to more complex regression models because the identification and heterogeneity issues that generate the complexity apply in analogous fashion to all regression-type models. In this chapter, we present least squares regression from three different perspectives: (1) regression as a descriptive modeling tool, (2) regression as a parametric adjustment technique for estimating causal effects, and (3) regression as a matching estimator of causal effects. We give more attention to the third of these three perspectives on regression than is customary in methodological texts because this perspective allows one to understand the others from a counterfactual perspective.
The Role of Vitamin D and its Receptor in Skin and Hair Follicle Biology

Publisher Summary The skin is the only mammalian organ system capable of synthesizing vitamin D, of activating the pro-hormone by 25- and 1α-hydroxylation and responding to vitamin D receptor (VDR)–ligand interactions by induction or suppression of a number of genes and signaling pathways. Thus, the skin is the only tissue identified to date that is capable of synthesizing all the critical factors required for vitamin D action and of responding to 1,25(OH) 2 D in a paracrine and autocrine fashion. Investigations into the role of vitamin D and its receptor in skin homeostasis have dramatically enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of action and biological effects of the VDR. As far as hair follicle biology is concerned, studies into the role of the VDR in hair follicle biology have identified a unique population of keratinocyte cells in which the actions of VDR are ligand-independent. Characterization of the molecular partners of the VDR required to maintain cyclic regeneration of the hair cycle is expected to identify additional unique actions of the VDR in cutaneous homeostasis.
Toward High Energy Resolution in CsSrI3/Eu2+ Scintillating Crystals: Effects of Off-Stoichiometry and Eu2+ Concentration

CsSrI3/Eu2+ has very promising scintillation properties for gamma-ray spectroscopy applications, but it has proven difficult to grow high quality single crystals in large sizes. This paper reports a composition-engineering strategy, in this case a combination of off-stoichiometric melts and Eu2+ concentration optimization, to obtain large-size CsSrI3/Eu2+ crystals with excellent energy resolution. Crystals of a series of off-stoichiometric compositions, Cs(1+x)(Sr,Eu)(1–x)I(3–x) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.06, and 0.1), were grown by the Bridgman method. The Cs1.06Sr0.94I2.94/Eu2+ single crystal has the highest optical transmittance between 450 and 800 nm. Cs1.06Sr0.94I2.94 single crystals doped with 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mol % Eu2+ ions were also grown by the Bridgman method. The effects of Eu2+ concentration on the phase purity and optical and scintillation properties were studied. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the phase purity of all samples with the exception of a hydrate phase formed during measurement. Inc...
The edTPA: High-Stakes Assessment Versus Social Justice Teaching in the Pacific Northwest

The edTPA is rapidly being adopted by states as a high-stakes standardized assessment to earn initial teacher licensure.
The Implication of Early Childhood Malnutrition for Age of Entry into Primary School in Nigeria

Using the 2010 Nigeria DHS EdData Survey (2010 NEDS), this research examines the association of early childhood malnutrition and its interaction with female gender, residence in northern Nigeria, rural areas, and/or life in poverty on the age of entry into primary school. Specifically, it investigates whether these relationships vary by maternal education and child’s age bracket. The multi-level linear regression results show that early childhood malnutrition increases the age of entry into primary school, particularly for rural children, children living in poverty and children whose mothers have less than a secondary school education. The results also indicate that regardless of a child’s age bracket, the interaction of early childhood malnutrition and poverty increases the age of entry into school; however, among children seven and older only, the combination of early childhood malnutrition and living in rural areas increases the age of entry into primary school. These findings show that developmental, human capital and economic theories are applicable to the discussion of early childhood nutrition and education in Nigeria. Policies to address the nutritional needs of children must focus on improving the socioeconomic status of households, in conjunction with inclusion of early childhood education and nutrition programs.
Outcome of elderly patients after failure to hypomethylating agents given as frontline therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: Single institution experience.

Outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy is challenging. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) can be effective in these patients but responses are usually short-lived. The majority of patients will either have stable disease or progress through therapy. We hereby describe the outcome of these patients at our institution after they fail HMAs. The data on 56 AML patients at Mayo Clinic, Rochester were reviewed. Patients were considered for our study if they received HMA as frontline therapy for their AML. Out of 56 patients, 15 (27%) patients received azacitidine (AZA) and 41 (73%) received decitabine. Complete remission was found in 10 (18%), with overall response of 28% and median response duration of 10 months. Thirteen (81%) out of 16 responders relapsed. Therefore 53 patients were included in the primary or secondary failure analysis with a median overall survival (OS) of two months after the date of failure. Out of 53 patients, 12 (23%) received subsequent treatments. None of the 12 patients who got first salvage therapy achieved remission. Five out of the 12 patients received second salvage therapy, 2 (40%) of which achieved CR. Median OS for patients who received subsequent salvage therapies was better than those who did not receive any subsequent therapy after failing HMA (9.5 vs 2 months, p = 0.0009). Outcome for patients who have primary or secondary failure is very poor. Our study provides important historical data for future novel therapies, which are sorely needed for these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Measuring geometric frustration in twisted inextensible filament bundles.

We investigate with experiments and mapping the structure of a hexagonally ordered filament bundle that is held near its ends and progressively twisted around its central axis. The filaments are free to slide relative to each other and are further held under tension-free boundary conditions. Measuring the bundle packing with micro x-ray imaging, we find that the filaments develop the helical rotation $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ imposed at the boundaries. We then show that the observed structure is consistent with a mapping of the filament positions to disks packed on a dual non-Euclidean surface with a Gaussian curvature which increases with twist. We further demonstrate that the mean interfilament distance is minimal on the surface, which can be approximated by a hemisphere with an effective curvature ${K}_{\mathrm{eff}}=3{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{2}$. Examining the packing on the dual surface, we analyze the geometric frustration of packing in twisted bundles and find the core to remain relatively hexagonally ordered with interfilament strains growing from the bundle center, driving the formation of defects at the exterior of highly twisted bundles.
Kids and cops: juveniles' perceptions of the police and police services

This study examined the impact of four categories of variables (demographics, neighborhood context variables, contact with the police, and vicarious influence variables) on juveniles’ perceptions of the police and police services. Data analyzed in this study were collected as part of a larger research evaluation that examined the impact of law enforcement efforts in relation to violent crime. Survey responses collected from 423 middle school students were analyzed using a series of OLS regression models. The study found significant results for both dependent variables within all four categories of independent variables. Findings emphasize the importance of including influences from multiple sources into studies that examine juveniles’ perceptions of the police. Policy implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Microelectrode Array for the Dielectrophoretic Orientation of C2C12 Myoblast Cells

An array of interdigitated microelectrodes was modeled, optimized, and tested for the contactless alignment of living biological cells by negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP). The modeling focused on optimizing the x component, , of potential gradient to maximize the aligning force at minimal electric field to protect fragile cells. The optimized array was tested with micron-sized, hard polymeric beads and soft C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. The array completely aligned the initially random arrangement of beads after 15 s of applying 450 kHz sinewave electrical signal to the electrodes. Under the same conditions, the array was unable to move C2C12 cells due to their strong adhesion to the surface. However, the array was effective at directing the orientation of confluent C2C12 cells during their differentiation into myotubes for the formation of muscle fibers. The aligned myotubes were alive and capable of growth. The proposed approach has a potential for growing continuously oriented viable tissues under the array of microelectrodes.
Vitamin D and Postoperative Vasopressor Use in Cardiopulmonary Bypass

The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery often leads to a systemic inflammatory response. Up to 25% of patients undergoing CPB for cardiac surgery are reported to develop vasoplegic syndrome in the acute postoperative period, in which the patients are refractory to vasopressors. The purpose of this study is to assess vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for vasoplegia after using CPB. We performed a retrospective review of 1322 patients undergoing adult cardiac surgery requiring CPB. Forty-six patients with previously recorded 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels within 6 months of surgery met the conditions of this study. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 32.7 ng/mL (standard deviation [SD] = 15.1). The mean age of patients was 67 (SD = 10.1) years old, most were male (63%) and white (78%). Average CPB time was 140 ± 44 minutes. Postoperative vasopressor use was compared to individual preoperative 25(OH)D levels. As a secondary end point, postoperative vasopressor use and vasoplegia were analyzed between 3 groups: Vitamin D deficient defined as 25(OH)D ≤20 ng/mL (n = 7), vitamin D insufficient defined as 25(OH)D between 20 and 29 ng/mL (n = 15), and vitamin D sufficient defined as 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL (n = 24). There was no correlation between vitamin D levels and postoperative vasopressor use. The mean doses of postoperative vasopressor use were 0.088 µg/kg/min (standard error of the mean [SEM] = 0.032), 0.085 µg/kg/min (SEM = 0.037), and 0.072 µg/kg/min (SEM = 0.024) of norepinephrine equivalents for the vitamin D deficient, insufficient, and sufficient groups, respectively. Incidence of vasoplegia for each group was the following: 0.143 for vitamin D deficient, 0.067 for vitamin D insufficient, and 0.125 for vitamin D sufficient. In this pilot study, there does not appear to be a relationship between vitamin D and vasopressor use following cardiac surgery utilizing CPB; however, there appears to be a trend toward an increased vasopressor usage in patients with decreased vitamin D levels. A larger sample size and a prospective analysis are warranted to further assess the significance of the relationship between vasoplegia and vitamin D deficiency. With further investigation, vitamin D has the potential to become a low-cost, low-risk therapeutic for improving outcomes in CPB surgery.
Estimating ramping requirements with solar-friendly flexible ramping product in multi-timescale power system operations

Abstract The increasing solar power penetration causes the need of additional flexibility for power system operations. Market-based flexible ramping services have been proposed in several balance authorities to address this issue. However, the ramping requirements in multi-timescale power system operations are not well defined and still challenging to be accurately estimated. To this end, this paper develops a multi-timescale unit commitment and economic dispatch model to estimate the ramping requirements. Furthermore, a solar power ramping product (SPRP) is developed and integrated into the multi-timescale dispatch model that considers new objective functions, ramping capacity limits, active power limits, and flexible ramping requirements. To find the optimal ramping requirement based on the level of uncertainty in netload, a surrogate-based optimization model is developed to approximate the objective function of the multi-timescale dispatch model that considers both economic and reliability benefits of the balancing authorities. Numerical simulations on a modified IEEE 118-bus system show that a better estimation of ramping requirements could enhance both the reliability and economic benefits of the system. The use of SPRP can reduce the flexible ramping reserves provided by conventional generators.
Recurrent perilymphatic fistula as the initial and prime symptom of pseudotumor cerebri: Diagnosis and management with lumbarperitoneal shunt—Report of three cases

During the past two years the authors have diagnosed and treated three patients with classical symptoms and findings of perilymphatic fistula (PLF). The patients responded well initially to surgical closure of their PLFs, only to experience reoccurrence of their symptoms (vertigo and/or hearing fluctuation) within weeks or months after the repair. All were found to have elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, which was felt to be responsible for excessive pressure transfer through the cochlear aqueduct to and through a vulnerable location in the oval or round window.
The Reciprocal Evaluation of Presidents and Wars from Truman to Obama

When the U.S. is involved in wars, the president’s job approval rating bears a reciprocal relationship to opinions of the war. Yet the strength and direction of the relationship between opinions of a war and the president managing it vary considerably across presidents and wars. The connection was, for example, much stronger for GW Bush and Iraq than for Truman and Korea or Johnson and Vietnam. This paper documents these variations through a preliminary examination of a comprehensive set of survey data covering presidents and wars from Truman through Obama. Variations in the war’s causes, justification, costs in life and money, and trajectory, as well as the president’s degree of responsibility for initiating the fighting, emerge as plausible explanatory variables. The extent to which partisanship has shaped joint evaluations of wars and presidents also varies and has increased substantially over time.
A Theorem for Compensation Deferral: Doubling Your Blessings by Taking Your Rabbi Abroad

Develops a mathematical methodology for determining whether or not to defer compensation income. Identifies special planning opportunities for United States employees of non-U.S. employers.
Characterization of rain impact on L-Band GNSS-R ocean surface measurements

Abstract Earth remote sensing using reflected GNSS signals is currently an emerging trend especially in ocean surface wind measurements. Unlike the existing scatterometer missions, GNSS-R uses L-Band navigation signals that can penetrate through clouds and rain. Rain may have a negligible impact on the transmitted signal in terms of path attenuation at this wavelength. However, there are other effects due to rain, such as changes in surface roughness and rain induced local winds, which can significantly alter the measurements. Currently, there is no observation-based characterization of all possible impacts of rain on radar forward scatter, which is the nature of operation of GNSS-R missions. In this study, we propose a 3-fold rain model which accounts for attenuation, surface effects of rain and rain induced local winds. We utilize the large dataset of measurements made by the CYGNSS mission to separate these different effects of rain. The attenuation model suggests that a total of at least 96% transmissivity exists at L-Band up to a rain rate of 30 mm/h. A perturbation model is used to characterize the other rain effects. It suggests that rain is accompanied by an overall reduction in the scattering cross-section of the ocean surface and, most importantly, this effect is observed only up to surface wind speeds of 15 m/s, beyond which the gravity capillary waves dominate the scattering in the quasi-specular direction. Observations also suggest that, at very low wind speeds, the lower bound on wavenumber of the portion of the surface roughness spectrum that influences the measurements deviates from the geometric optics approximation normally used. This work binds together several rain-related phenomena and enhances our overall understanding of rain effects on GNSS-R measurements.
Microsurgical treatment for superior parasagittal and falcial meningiomas in the middle 1/3 cortex area

Objective To discuss the surgical strategy of parasagittal and falcial meningiomas in the middle 1/3 cortex area and raise resective rates of tumors and surgical effects.Methods The clinical,imaging and operative data of 74 cases of parasagittal and falcial meningiomas in the middle cortex area which underwent operation were reviewed and followed up.Results Of 74 tunors,67 were resected with Simpson Ⅱ grade,7 with Simpson Ⅲ,none of them with Simpson Ⅰ.Superior sagittal sinus and the vein of central suleus and feeders of cortex were reserved well.Severe brain injury was not occurred in 66 cases with tumors debulking(Simpson Ⅱ 61 cases,Simpson Ⅲ 5 cases),the neuro-functions of patients were normal or transient slight weakness of contralateral lower extremities postoperatively.Tumors of 8 cases were "turned over" and resected by piecemeal (Simpson Ⅱ 6 cases,Simpson Ⅲ 2 cases),weakness and paralysis of contralateral lower extremities occurred in 7 cases and 1 cases respectively after surgery.Followed-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years and 2 months,4 cases were lost to follow-up.Neuro-function of all cases with weakness of contralateral lower extremities recovered after one month.Muscle strength of the cases with paralysis of contralateral extremity recovered to grade Ⅳ 6 months later,no recurrence and death.Conclusion The measures,including piecemeal tumor reseeted mierosugically,good protection of the vein of central sulcus,excellent management of superior sagittal sinus,and avoiding damage to functional cerebral cortex during operations,are best ways for raising the tumor resection rate and nearo-function reserved. Key words: Meningioma; Superior sagittal sinus; Mierosurgical operation
Examining Risk Factors of Health-Related Quality of Life Impairments Among Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic, costly, and burdensome disease that is typically diagnosed during adolescence. Despite the use of effective treatments, rates of relapse and intestinal inflammation remain high and put patients at risk for long term physical and psychosocial health complications. Given the costs associated with IBD, it is critical to examine potential risk factors of poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients for the enhancement and further development of interventions. As such, the aim of the current study was to examine how sociodemographic and disease characteristics, psychosocial problems, and adherence behaviors impact HRQoL among a sample of youth with IBD. 107 adolescents with IBD and their caregiver completed self- and parent-report measures as part of a psychosocial screening service. Medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding diagnosis, insurance, medication use, illness severity, and disease activity. Results revealed lower HRQoL scores among adolescents with more psychosocial problems (Est. = -3.08; p < .001), greater disease severity (Est. = -.40; p = .001), and those who identified as Black (Est. = -.38; p < .05). Greater disease severity (Est. = .13 p = .004), use of nonpublic insurance (Est. = .32 p = .004), and fewer psychosocial problems (Est. = -.13 p = .04) were associated with greater adherence behaviors. These findings suggest that implementing individually tailored, evidence-based psychological interventions focused on coping with psychosocial problems and symptoms may be important in enhancing adherence behaviors and HRQoL among adolescents with IBD.
The Use of Linked Data and Artificial Intelligence as Key Elements in the Transformation of Technical Services

Library Technical Services have benefited from numerous stimuli. Although initially looked at with suspicion, transitions such as the move from catalog cards to the MARC formats have proven enormou...
Finding and classifying an infinite number of cases of the marginal phase transition in one-dimensional Ising models

One-dimensional systems---ranging from travelling light to circuit cables and from DNA to superstrings---are ubiquitous and critically important to the human knowledge of the universe. However, our engagement with one-dimensional systems in the research and education of spontaneous phase transitions, the phenomena wherein materials can change rapidly between different phases (e.g., gas, liquid, solid, etc.) on their own, has not been largely exercised, since it was proven that one-dimensional systems do not contain phase transitions in the textbook Ising model almost 100 years ago [1] and its quantum counterpart, the Heisenberg model, over 50 years ago [2]. Recently, a spontaneous marginal phase transition (MPT) was discovered in a one-dimensional Ising model containing strong geometrical frustration [3]. Here, by exploring the symmetry of the new mathematical structure underlying the MPT, I report the finding and classification of an infinite number of MPT cases---with highly tunable intriguing behaviors like phase reentrance, the dome shape of transition temperature, pairing, and gauge freedom. These discoveries reveal the possibility of building the MPT-based one-dimensional Ising Machine that can be used to simulate the complex phenomena of phase competition in strongly correlated systems and provide insights with its unambiguous exact solutions. They also form a rich playground for exploring unconventional phase transitions in one-dimensional Heisenberg models.
A framework to estimate emissions from virtual conferences

While virtual conferences emit far less greenhouse gas emissions relative to their physical counterparts, they still have a considerable impact on the environment arising from participant computer ...
Understanding Disrespectful Behavior Through a Gendered Lens: Race and Power in a Women’s Prison

Seventy-four incarcerated women in a Midwestern prison were interviewed to explore their experience with disrespect between inmates and staff in a prison setting. Non-white women experienced disrespect and conflict differently than their white peers. While the women generally described disrespect as staff members expressing their power inappropriately, non-white women were quick to describe disrespect as tied to racist behaviors. Further, African-American women in our study were more likely to believe that few people, inmates or employees, show respect to others on a regular basis in prison. White women tend to be more positive in their evaluations of interactions with staff themselves and critical of their socialization. When discussing staff failings, they focus on empathy training as opposed to training in cultural competence. Non-white women, experience what they perceive to be racially charged domination/abuses of power by the staff. This risks placing them at a distinct rehabilitative disadvantage compared to their white peers.
Repeat tibialis posterior tendon subluxation and retromalleolar groove deepening: A case report and technique guide

Abstract Subluxation of the tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) from the medial malleolar groove is an uncommon lower extremity injury, typically encountered after a traumatic event. Early identification and appropriate surgical intervention is necessary for treatment. The authors present a case of a non-traumatic repeat TPT subluxation and the surgical techniques implemented for repair of the associated soft tissue structures and deepening of the medial malleolar groove.
Identifying the Price Impact of Fire Sales Using High-Frequency Surprise Mutual Fund Flows

I propose a new method to isolate a plausibly exogenous component of mutual fund flows in order to estimate the price impact of fire sales. The method addresses a potential reverse causality problem: instead of mutual fund outflows inducing fire sales, which drive down prices, poor stock returns reduce mutual fund returns, which in turn trigger outflows. The solution is to construct a new instrument from high-frequency surprise flows. Using surprise flows to reexamine important findings in the literature, I find equity markets are deeper and less distortive than suggested.
Insurance Status Effect on Laryngeal Cancer Survival: A Population Based Study.

Objective:To analyze insurance status effect on overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in laryngeal cancer.Study Design:Cross-sectional population analysis.Setting:Surveillance, ...
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Changes Do Not Affect Long-Term Neurodevelopment following Early Erythropoietin among Extremely Preterm Infants in the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial.

We aimed to evaluate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in infants born extremely preterm, to determine the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) on DTI, and to correlate DTI with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age for infants in the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial. Infants who underwent MRI with DTI at 36 weeks postmenstrual age were included. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III). Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between DTI parameters and treatment group, and then with neurodevelopmental outcomes. A total of 101 placebo- and 93 Epo-treated infants underwent MRI. DTI white matter mean diffusivity (MD) was lower in placebo- compared to Epo-treated infants in the cingulate and occipital regions, and occipital white matter fractional isotropy (FA) was lower in infants born at 24–25 weeks vs. 26–27 weeks. These values were not associated with lower BSID-III scores. Certain decreases in clustering coefficients tended to have lower BSID-III scores. Consistent with the PENUT Trial findings, there was no effect on long-term neurodevelopment in Epo-treated infants even in the presence of microstructural changes identified by DTI.
Predictable outcomes of warbler hybridization: Synthesis and an exceptional Yellow × Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga petechia × S. caerulescens) pairing

Hybridization can have profound effects on biological diversity. However, predictable inheritance of plumage traits remains poorly understood, especially for rare hybrids. We reviewed the literature and compiled a comprehensive list of hybrids from the New World warbler family Parulidae, a diverse radiation of songbirds with divergent plumage traits. We used our compilation to analyze modes of inheritance in wing bar patterns and carotenoid coloration. Finally, we describe an unusual hybrid from the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico, southwestern USA. We identified evidence of hybridization in 44 of 47 (93%) North American parulid species, with the highest number of hybrids found in the genus Setophaga. Plumage patterns between hybrid offspring and parental forms in our 2 focal traits were predictable, supporting the identification of our hybrid as a Yellow × Black-throated Blue Warbler (S. petechia × S. caerulescens). We based our identification on the extent and pattern of white in the tail, a prominent white wing flag, and our ability to confidently rule out all other alternative parentals. Our results suggest that phenotypes of rare hybrid warblers likely have some degree of predictability.
Left ventricular unloading before percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with improved survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Left ventricular unloading with Impella may improve survival outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). However, the optimal timing to initiate left ventricular unloading has yet to be established. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare survival in patients with AMI-CS who were supported with Impella prior to PCI (pre-PCI) to those in whom support was initiated following PCI (post-PCI). Methods All studies that evaluated the impact of pre-PCI versus post-PCI Impella placement in patients with AMI-CS were included. Primary endpoints included in-hospital, 30-day, and 6-month survival rates. Results We identified five observational studies comparing outcomes in 432 patients with AMI-CS, of which 173 patients were treated with Impella pre-PCI and 259 patients post-PCI. Patients in the pre-PCI group had lower in-hospital mortality compared to patients in the post-PCI group (RR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50–0.76, I2 = 0%). The lower mortality rate in the pre-PCI group remained evident at 30 days (HR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.47–0.78, I2 = 0%) and at 6 months (HR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44–0.97, I2 = 0%). There was no difference in the risk of adverse events including reinfarction, stroke, major bleeding, acute ischemic limb, access site bleeding, and hemolysis. Conclusions In this meta-analysis of studies evaluating survival among AMI-CS patients with left ventricular unloading initiated pre- versus post-PCI, Impella placement prior to PCI was associated with improved survival.
Social norms and unthinkable options

We sometimes violate social norms in order to express our views and to trigger public debates. Many extant accounts of social norms don’t give us any insight into this phenomenon. Drawing on Cristina Bicchieri’s work, I am putting forward an empirical hypothesis that helps us to understand such norm violations. The hypothesis says, roughly, that we often adhere to norms because we are systematically blind to norm-violating options. I argue that this hypothesis is independently plausible and has interesting consequences. It implies, e.g., that some experimental paradigms for investigating social norms have hitherto unnoticed shortcomings.
Tissue Engineering and Plastic Surgery

Publisher Summary Tissue engineering will change the practice of plastic and reconstructive surgery perhaps more than any other clinical specialty. Both fields share the same purpose: to fashion replacements for lost or damaged tissues. Plastic surgery is a clinical specialty with a long tradition of developing and applying tissue replacement methods to patient care. It is the logical next frontier. Clinician scientists in plastic surgery are becoming increasingly committed to investigations in this field. The specialty occupies a strategic position in surgery. Reconstructive surgeons consult regularly with colleagues from every other specialty. They develop an expertise in the full spectrum of tissue replacement problems and understand the benefits and limitations of current therapies. These insights can serve to guide the direction of tissue engineering research and help to efficiently translate experimental therapies into clinical practice. The goal of tissue engineering is to change clinical practice. This goal can be realized through the collaborative efforts of bioengineers, bioscientists, and clinician scientists.
Disorders of Proton Secretion by the Kidney

Rapid advances have been made in the understanding of the cellular mechanisms of proton transport in urinary epithelia. The polar epithelial cells of the kidney tubules as well as various urinary bladder preparations are made up of apical and basolateral cell membranes with very different properties. The site of H + secretion is at the apical membrane and for each H + secreted a HCO3- ion is generated and transported across the basolateral cell membrane. In the proximal renal tubule, H + secretion at the brush border occurs primarily via a Na + /H + exchanger; in the tight epithelia of the turtle and toad bladder and, probably, the mammalian collecting tubules, the luminal membrane contains an electrogenic proton pump which appears to be a H + -translocating ATPase. The efflux of HC03- across the basolateral cell membranes of both leaky and tight epithelia appears to occur either via an anion exchanger or a conductive channel, but is not coupled directly to metabolic energy.
Gene Expression Profile of Aging and Its Retardation by Caloric Restriction

The gene expression profile of the aging process was analyzed in skeletal muscle of mice. Use of high-density oligonucleotide arrays representing 6347 genes revealed that aging resulted in a differential gene expression pattern indicative of a marked stress response and lower expression of metabolic and biosynthetic genes. Most alterations were either completely or partially prevented by caloric restriction, the only intervention known to retard aging in mammals. Transcriptional patterns of calorie-restricted animals suggest that caloric restriction retards the aging process by causing a metabolic shift toward increased protein turnover and decreased macromolecular damage.
Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) in the absence of interstitial fibrosis: CT findings and clinical correlates

Introduction: Diffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO), or “dendriform” ossification, occurs in the setting of chronic lung disases, particularly usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP). It also can occur in assocation with severe emphysema or chronic lung infections. We have observed DPO on chest CT in the absence of chronic lung disease. Objectives: We attempt to identify a cohort of individuals with CT findings of DPO in isolation in order to a) characterize the imaging appearance and b) assess potential clinical factors that may be associated with the development of DPO. Methods: We performed an elctronic search of chest CT reports between 2000-2011 at our institution for the word “dendriform” The CT studies were then reviewed by 3 thoracic imaging subspecialists who characterized the findings. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical information and follow-up data. Results: 25 patients with CT findings of DPO in isolation were identified. DPO showed dense and soft tissue nodularity involving the peripheral interstitium (interlobular septae and subpleural space) especially in the posterior and lateral lower lungs with a costophrenic angle predominance. Patients were male, over age 70, and had few if any pulmonary symptoms. Smoking history was variable. Many had a history of or risk factors for aspiration. Serial scans, when available, showed progression of DPO over many years with minimal clinical change. Conclusions: DPO can occur in isolation with a characteristic CT appearance, particularly in elderly men. It may indicate recurrent chronic aspiration in some cases. The findings progress over time with minimal clinical symptoms.
Lakeshore residential development and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): a cross‐lakes comparison

Gaeta JW, Guarascio MJ, Sass GG, Carpenter SR. Lakeshore residential development and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): a cross-lakes comparison. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 92–101. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Lakeshore residential development is associated with changes in littoral habitat, riparian habitat, and ecosystem function with potential impacts ramifying through aquatic food webs. Effects of these changes on economically important game fishes may vary with fish size. We investigated largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) size-specific growth rates across 16 lakes spanning the range of lakeshore residential development in Wisconsin’s Northern Highland Lake District using a longitudinal multilevel model. Growth rates of small fish had a strong positive relationship with lakeshore residential development. The strength of the relationship decreased with length and became increasingly negative for fish longer than 210 mm. This pattern may be driven by a release from density-dependent growth, shifts in available prey sources, reduced macrophyte cover, or angling-induced selection pressures. Regardless of the mechanism, our results indicate, relative to undeveloped lakes, largemouth bass in highly developed lakes take 1.5 growing seasons longer to enter the fishery (356 mm).
Practical loop transformations for tensor contraction expressions on multi-level memory hierarchies

Modern architectures are characterized by deeper levels of memory hierarchy, often explicitly addressable. Optimizing applications for such architectures requires careful management of the data movement across all these levels. In this paper, we focus on the problem of mapping tensor contractions to memory hierarchies with more than two levels, specifically addressing placement of memory allocation and data movement statements, choice of loop fusions, and tile size selection. Existing algorithms to find an integrated solution to this problem even for two-level memory hierarchies have been shown to be expensive. We improve upon this work by focusing on the first-order cost components, simplifying the analysis required and reducing the number of candidates to be evaluated. We have evaluated our framework on a cluster of GPUs. Using five candidate tensor contraction expressions, we show that fusion at multiple levels improves performance, and our framework is effective in determining profitable transformations.
Thermal stress modeling for diamond-coated optical windows

Theoretical investigations of stresses associated with thin-film coatings usually focus on evaluating the normal stresses in the film layers and the thick substrate. They do not address interfacial stresses which are responsible for such effects as film delamination and substrate bowing. Thermally-induced shearing stresses in CVD-diamond coated windows made of optically transmitting materials are known to be of concern because of the lattice-expansion mismatch and the enormous elastic modulus of diamond. The purpose of this paper is to reformulate Suhir''s analytical method for assessing interfacial stresses in multilayered structures [J. App!. Mech. 55. 14? (1988)] and to apply relevant formulas to the problem of mitigating the impact of thermoelastic stresses in diamondcoated ZnS windows. Specifically it is demonstrated that the critical shear and the central deflection are both governed by the first-interface longitudinal force per unit length F0 z(hj1) where h and ai refer to the film thickness and the normal stress in each layer which suggests that the presence of a " buffer" in tension may result in major improvements. Issues relating to the biaxial elastic modulus of diamond are discussed in Appendix where it is shown that state-of-the-art diamond films behave as expected based on single-crystal elastic constants. 1 .
A note on colorings of finite planes

By counting arguments we show that certain partitions of the points of finite projective and affine planes are not possible.
An Overview of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS)

We provide an overview of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS; Meyer, Viglione, Mihura, Erard, & Erdberg, 2011). After providing a general introduction to Rorschach-based assessment, the rationale and features of R-PAS are outlined. As part of this discussion, some of the ways in which R-PAS differs from the Comprehensive System (CS) (Exner, 2003) are delineated.
The role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition in chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as a new health pandemic. Underlying the global rise in CKD is an increase in diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors leading to progressive renal dysfunction. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that achieving target blood pressure goals via inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system confers significant renal and cardioprotection for patients with CKD. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) lower blood pressure, reduce proteinuria and reduce both the progression of CKD and adverse cardiovascular events. The role of aldosterone inhibition and combination therapy, such as ACEI/ARB, in CKD are under investigation. As our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying CKD progression advances, novel therapies targeting post-translational endothelial and mesangial messengers downstream from angiotensin II and aldosterone may become available for clinical use.