cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations on the Atrial Sound in Hypertension

Recovery from heart failure in hypertensive patients having an audible atrial sound was associated with decrease in the intensity of this sound and lengthening of the P-G interval. In most patients the atrial sound disappeared entirely. The rapid intravenous infusion of saline was invariably associated with the appearance of an audible atrial sound in 10 hypertensive patients with left ventricular disease. This procedure was ineffective in producing an audible atrial sound in nine normal subjects and in eight of nine hypertensive patients without left ventricular disease. In four hypertensive patients with left ventricular disease and an audible atrial sound, the infusion of saline resulted in increase in the intensity of the sound and shortening of the P-G interval. An audible atrial sound was most frequently found in association with left ventricular disease and elevation of atrial and ventricular diastolic pressures. The findings suggest that an audible atrial sound is frequently a manifestation of cardiac dysfunction.
The proenkephalin A fragment metorphamide shows supraspinal and spinal opioid activity in vivo

Abstract Metorphamide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Arg-Val-NH 2 ) a novel amidated octapeptide fragment of proenkephalin A was synthesized, purified and subsequently shown to inhibit the reflex contractions of the rat urinary bladder following intracerebroventricular and spinal intrathecal microinjections. The effects of metorphamide were consistently antagonized by naloxone but not by the δ-opioid receptor antagonist ICI 174,864. Comparison of metorphamide with other proenkephalin A fragments suggested that the activity of this peptide was not due to in vivo processing to other active fragments. These data suggest that metorphamide has potent in vivo μ-opioid activity but little δ-opioid receptor activity.
Invited commentary: Can emotional labour be fun?

Can emotional labour be fun? Of course, but not in broken care systems. In understaffed, hyper-bureaucratised facilities, maintained by migrant workers torn from their families, where care itself is rendered invisible, it is harder to enjoy emotional labour. Indeed, a broken system calls for a secondary form of emotion work – dealing with how the broken system makes you feel.
Colloidal organic fibrils of acid polysaccharides in surface waters : electron-optical characteristics, activities and chemical estimates of abundance

Abstract Many organisms in fresh waters secrete carbohydrate-rich substances which facilitate growth and survival. Some of these substances are acid polysaccharides of high molecular mass; they are multifunctional and their molecular architecture can be engineered by many organisms (e.g. algae, bacteria, plants) to combat specific environmental stresses (e.g. high toxicant levels, low nutrient levels). These polyanionic extracellular polymers represent families of macromolecules which aggregate to form colloidal fibrils; these can reside at the organism-water interface, participate in biofilm formation or enter the bulk water phase as colloids. Their manifold activities include the natural decontamination of water bodies; in the form of flocs, fibril aggregates are implicated in the functioning of engineered water treatment systems. The decontamination activity begins with the binding of toxicants by fibrils, followed by aggregation processes which produce suspended particles (1 μm). Dense suspended particles can aggregate further to form settling particles, thus removing the “bound” toxicants to the sediments. While various fibril activities have been described by many laboratories encompassing many scientific disciplines, fibril impacts on surface water quality are only vaguely understood. The vagueness is a result of technical difficulties in classifying fibrils and in quantifying both abundance and native activities. The problem of quantifying the chemical features of polyanionic extracellular polymers can now be overcome by technology transfer. A strategy to combine separation technology, biochemical concepts and the tools of analytical chemistry is outlined in this paper. A specific feature essential to the use of the strategy is the use of transmission electron microscopy to monitor and “tune” the isolation and purification methods for quantitative analyses of extracellular polymers. An improved quantitative understanding of fibril chemistry and activities should lead not only to a better understanding of colloid impacts, but also to an improved capacity to “engineer” flocs for the treatment of polluted waters.
Crystal structure of 3β-benzoyloxy-6α-chloro-5α-cholest-7-ene, a key intermediate in the chemical synthesis of 5α-cholest-8(14)-en-3β-ol-15-one

Abstract The X-ray crystal structure of 3β-benzoyloxy-6α-chloro-5α-cholest-7-ene (IV) was determined by the heavy atom method and refined to R = 0.063 (space group P2 1 , a = 11.364, b = 11.089, c = 12.232, β = 99.43°, Z = 2). IV was previously shown to be an important intermediate in the acid-catalyzed isomerization of 7-dehydrocholesteryl benzoate. The present work unequivocally establishes the location of the double bond and the configuration of the chlorine of IV, information which is essential to the correct formulation of the mechanism of this reaction.
Antibody Binding of Thyroxine in the Primate Subjected to Hetero- and Isoimmunization Against Components of the Thyroid Gland

The distribution of radiothyroxine (126I-T4) in the paper electrophoretic pattern of sera of monkeys and baboons subjected to isoand heteroimmunization with the thyroid constituents, respectively, was studied. Protein binding of 125I-T4 in the electrophoretic pattern of preimmune monkey and baboon sera was similar to that seen in normal human serum as reported previously. Paper electrophoresis of thyroid immune monkey serum (equilibrated with 125I-T4 in vitro), however, showed a significant binding of radiothyroxine by gamma globulin. Paper electrophoretograms of the sera of 2 baboons immunized against human thyroid microsomes showed small but distinct 126I-T4 binding at the gamma globulin region (indicative of antibody binding) in one but not in the other. These results, besides extending similar findings noted in other species to the primate, also indicate that thyroid isoantibodies under appropriate conditions are capable of reacting to those determinants containing thyroxine residues. (Endocrinology 8...
More socio-technical assessments of synthetic biology to inform security deliberations

This paper discusses the problems with relying on a biotech revolution framework to understand the development and diffusion of synthetic biology. The paper then suggests an alternative framework that involves a more evolutionary understanding of how biotechnologies develop and suggests new micro- and macro-level case studies for further inquiry. This proposed research agenda will better elucidate the socio-technical factors that can shape whether/how state or non-state actors may acquire, develop, and deploy synthetic biology for harm.
Positron-Emission Tomography and Personality Disorders

This study used positron-emission tomography to examine cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRG) in 17 patients with DSM III-R diagnoses of personality disorder. Within the group of 17 personality disorder patients, there was a significant inverse correlation between a life history of aggressive impulse difficulties and regional CMRG in the frontal cortex of the transaxial plane approximately 40 mm above the canthomeatal line (CML) (r = -.56, p = 0.17). Diagnostic groups included antisocial (n = 6), borderline (n = 6), dependent (n = 2), and narcissistic (n = 3). Regional CMRG in the six antisocial patients and in the six borderline patients was compared to a control group of 43 subjects using an analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates. In the borderline personality disorder group, there was a significant decrease in frontal cortex metabolism in the transaxial plane approximately 81 mm above the CML and a significant increase in the transaxial plane approximately 53 mm above the CML (F[1,45] = 8.65, p = .005; and F[1,45] = 7.68, p = .008, respectively.
Impacts of a native root-rotting pathogen on successional development of old-growth Douglas fir forests.

Because Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), an early seral dominant in western Oregon forests, is particularly susceptible to the pathogenic root rot caused by the fungus Phellinus weirii, it was hypothesized that successional development in affected forests would be accelerated. The basal area of late successional tree species and common shrubs were compared inside and outside Phellinus weirii“infection centers”. Future successional impacts indirectly caused by disease presence were assessed by comparing the abundance of regenerating tree species inside and outside of these centers. Results for old-growth sites in the lower Cascades supported the initial hypothesis. The presence of Phellinus weirii at these sites appears to push changes in the late successional species basal area along the same trajectory. At the Coast Range sites, however, shrub growth was greatly enhanced rather than the growth of Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock), the only late successional tree species at these sites. Regeneration of trees was sparse in all areas and was negatively correlated with the basal area of existing western hemlock, and not directly correlated with the presence of the pathogen. However, because the basal area of western hemlock is influenced by the presence of disease in the Cascade sites, Phellinus weirii may be an influential indirect factor in the future successional direction of the sites. This study demonstrates the potential importance of native pathogens in determining the successional status of a community, as well as the importance of such biotic agents in the physical structure of multi-strata forested communities as a whole.
Open tubular capillary electrochromatography migration behavior of enkephalins in etched chemically modified fused silica capillaries

Abstract Fused silica capillaries for use in electrophoretic analyses are etched with ammonium bifluoride in the presence of a second inorganic salt (CuCl 2 , CrCl 3 , NaNO 3 , or (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ). The effects of the presence of these inorganic components in the surface matrix on the electromigration behavior of enkephalins are evaluated. Resolution, efficiency and peak shape are used to compare the various columns. In some cases the etched surface is then modified by the addition of an octadecyl moiety using a silanization/hydrosilation procedure. The surface properties of the etched capillaries can also be evaluated by electroosmotic flow measurements. RSDs of migration times under identical experimental conditions were
Experimental comparison of Next-Generation XDi topologies

SALOME (an acronym for Small Angle Lab Operation Measuring Equipment) is a versatile, energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction imaging (XDi) test-bed facility; commissioned, funded and supported by the Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City, USA. In work presented here, SALOME has been used to investigate the photon collection efficiency of three beam topologies that have been proposed for Next-Generation XDi, namely: Direct Fan-beam (DFB); Parallel Beam (PB); and Inverse Fan-beam (IFB). The single channel replication unit for each of the three topologies was implemented on SALOME. The apertures defining each topology were varied in width, influencing both the detector scatter signal and the momentum resolution. A small powder graphite sample was used as reference object for these measurements, as it provided simultaneous data on counting rate as well as peak resolution for the selected Bragg peak. The photon collection efficiencies at constant momentum peak width for the DFB, PB and IFB topologies were found to follow the trend (from lowest to highest, respectively) conjectured elsewhere in the scientific literature.
Nutrition Education Intervention with Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Research Challenges and Opportunities

This study critically reviewed empirical literature examining nutrition education intervention studies with community-dwelling older adults over the period 2003–2012 to: (1) determine the number, (2) evaluate the research designs, and (3) report the study outcomes. A search of online databases yielded 74 studies six of which met our criteria. The studies reported favorable intervention outcomes. Because of the number, variability in the types, designs, measures, scope, educational and behavioral strategies, results can only inform future studies and encourage scholars to use strong evaluation design. We recommend the utilization of an ecological conceptual model when conducting nutrition interventions studies and discussed implications in terms of research and practice.
Alternate energy coupling of ArsB, the membrane subunit of the Ars anion-translocating ATPase.

Abstract The arsenical resistance (ars) operon of the conjugative R-factor R773 confers resistance to arsenical and antimonial compounds in Escherichia coli, where resistance results from active extrusion of arsenite catalyzed by the products of the arsA and arsB genes. Previous in vivo studies on the energetics of arsenite extrusion showed that expression of both genes produced an ATP-coupled arsenite extrusion system that was independent of the electrochemical proton gradient. In contrast, in cells expressing only the arsB gene, arsenite extrusion was coupled to electrochemical energy and independent of ATP, suggesting that the Ars transport system exhibits a dual mode of energy coupling depending on the subunit composition. In vitro the ArsA-ArsB complex has been shown to catalyze ATP-coupled uptake of 73AsO2−1 in everted membrane vesicles. However, transport catalyzed by ArsB alone has not previously been observed in vitro. In this study we demonstrate everted membrane vesicles prepared from cells expressing only arsB exhibit uptake of 73AsO2−1 coupled to electrochemical energy.
Micromechanics of shear ligament toughening

A new toughening mechanism is proposed based on the fracture of shear ligaments which are formed in the process zone as the result of mismatched crack planes of deflected cracks. The anticipated toughness enhancement due to these shear ligaments has been evaluated by a micromechanical approach that considers the plastic dissipation associated with fracturing of the shear ligaments. Additional toughness increases due to frictional dissipation at fracture surface asperities that experience rubbing have also been considered. The amount of toughening, as represented by a toughening ratio, has been shown to depend on the ligament length, a ligament toughness parameter representing the work to fracture, the area fraction of the ligament, and the area fraction of frictional contacts, if rubbing of the fracture surfaces is present. The proposed model is used to explain roughness-induced toughness in general, and that in α + β Ti-alloys and two-phase TiAl-alloys in particular.
Invasive Endometrial Cancer in Uteri Resected for Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) includes a spectrum of lesions with unclear malignant potential. To examine the association between the most advanced forms of hyperplasia and the occurrence of endometrial cancer, we compared the findings of endometrial biopsies or curettings with the subsequent hysterectomy specimens in 44 women who underwent hysterectomy for "atypical" EH in the 39-month period from January 1, 1989 through April 1, 1992. Endometrial cancer was found in 19 (43%) of 44 hysterectomy specimens obtained within a mean of 10 weeks of uterine sampling. Myometrial invasion was present in 17 (89%) of the 19 specimens with cancer, while significant myometrial invasion (FIGO Stage IC or higher) was present in 7 (37%), and 4 (21%) were Grade 2 or higher. Preoperative sampling method and type of atypical hyperplasia (simple vs complex) were not significantly associated with the finding of cancer at hysterectomy. Although over one-third of the cancers found were in the less than 50 age group, an age of 70 or greater was significantly associated with cancer at hysterectomy (P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). In a limited set of hysterectomy specimens for which estrogen and progesterone receptor status was assayed (n = 11), there was no significant difference between the invasive cancer and EH subsets. Our findings suggest that women who are candidates for hysterectomy on the basis of atypical EH should be carefully evaluated for the possibility of advanced disease. The specimens in these circumstances should be opened upon removal to determine if myometrial invasion is present and if further surgical staging is indicated.
Burn Wound Healing

INTRODUCTION Bum injury is first and foremost an injury to the skin. Although the burned patient has many secondary problems to face during the stages of recovery from a burn injury the major and persisting problems are those associated with the problems of healing and the final outcome of healing in terms of scarring. Perhaps the problems associated with wound healing are the main challenge facing clinicians and investigators at the present time. Many other problems of burn injury, such as the initial resuscitation of patients and the treatment of infections, today no longer pose the threats to survival that they did previously. This is not to say that such problems do not now pose significant hazards to the burned patient. However, it can be stated that these problems are in general short term in nature and may resolve completely when adequately and appropriately treated. Some other acute problems, such as the diagnosis and treatmentofinhalation injury, are at present very little understood and still pose significant threat of mortality since methods to deal with this particular problem are not either agreed or even available. When all else is said it must be accepted by all that the healed wound is the problem that the patient must live with (rather than die from, which at the lowest level solves everyone's problems) for the remainder of his/her life. It is therefore appropriate that this problem should be vigorously addressed by all practitioners and investigators involved in the treatment of burn injured patients. This exhortation does necessitate a clear examination of the problem and an estimate of the areas of wound treatmentandmanagement thatareatpresentamenable to analysis and evaluation. As a necessary prerequisite to this analysis the problems ofbum wound healing against the wider background of wound healing in general must be considered and the underlying philosophy of treatment and management examined. Such a process must start with a rigorous definition of the terminology employed; the first requirement being a clear definition of the meaning and context of 'healing'.
The influence of applied stress on precipitate shape and stability

Shape transitions and orientation alignment of elastically misfitting precipitates in the presence of an external stress field have been predicted using bifurcation and group theory and by performing actual energy calculations for elliptical cylinders under plane strain conditions. Under the assumption of system isotropy, the applied field acts to break or perturb the bifurcation. Both first- and second-order size-induced shape transitions are observed for elastically soft precipitates. Stress-induced shape transitions are shown to be either first-order or continuous for elastically soft precipitates. Only continuous stressinduced shape transitions are observed for hard precipitates.
A Comprehensive Survey of Soft Wheat Grain Quality in U.S. Germplasm

ABSTRACT Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality is dependent upon both genetic and environmental factors, which work in concert to produce specific grain, milling, flour, and baking characteristics. This study surveyed all of the 132 soft wheat varieties (cultivars and advanced breeding lines) grown in the U.S. regional nursery system, which encompassed the three main soft wheat producing regions of the United States (eastern and southern soft red winter and western soft white). The quality parameters included test weight, kernel hardness, weight, and diameter, wheat and flour protein, polyphenol oxidase, break flour yield, flour yield, flour ash, milling score, flour swelling volume, flour SDS sedimentation volume, solvent retention capacity (SRC) for water, sodium carbonate, sucrose, and lactic acid, Rapid Visco Analyzer peak pasting viscosity, and cookie diameter. High levels of variation were observed among varieties, regions, and specific environments, with environment being in general a much greater s...
Replicating cluster subtypes for the prevention of adolescent smoking and alcohol use

Introduction Substance abuse interventions tailored to the individual level have produced effective outcomes for a wide variety of behaviors. One approach to enhancing tailoring involves using cluster analysis to identify prevention subtypes that represent different attitudes about substance use. This study applied this approach to better understand tailored interventions for smoking and alcohol prevention.
Progress and problems for atomic-resolution electron microscopy

Abstract The performance of the high-resolution electron microscope has continued to evolve, with recent developments in hardware attachments enabling aberration correction to be directly achieved for both probe-corrected and image-corrected microscope geometries. Sub-Angstrom resolution, once regarded as an unattainable dream, can nowadays be readily achieved with instruments that are being widely sold commercially. These instrumentation developments have played a central role in facilitating transformational advances in imaging (and analytical) capability, bringing both novel opportunities and fresh challenges for the electron microscopy community. This paper provides a short update of recent progress in atomic-resolution TEM and STEM imaging, and briefly discusses some of the associated issues and problems attracting close attention.
Fine-needle aspiration features of paraduodenal pancreatitis (groove pancreatitis): A report of three cases

Chronic pancreatitis is notorious for mimicking both the clinical and radiologic presentation of pancreatic carcinoma. Paraduodenal pancreatitis is believed to result from focal chronic pancreatitis which affects the minor papilla of the duodenum. Currently, there is limited information available regarding the cytologic features of paraduodenal pancreatitis. In this study, we report the cytologic features of three patients with paraduodenal pancreatitis who had EUS-guided FNAs of the pancreas. The cytologic features were highly variable between cases, likely due to sampling of the various components of paraduodenal pancreatitis. The most common findings were spindled stromal cells, foamy cells, and granular debris. Although most often interpreted as negative for malignancy, the sampling of an area with abundant spindle cells or Brunner gland hyperplasia can mimic neoplasia. Careful attention to the clinical history and radiologic description can help to prevent over-diagnosis on FNA.
Partial restoration of sodium and potassium gradients by human erythrocyte membranes.

Abstract Sodium-loaded human erythrocyte ghosts, incubated for 24 h in medium containing low external potassium and high external sodium, catalyzed net movements of sodium and potassium against their respective concentration gradients, resulting in partial restoration of cation gradients.
Efficacy of Preservation Methods Used for Wine by the Glass Programs in Restaurants

The objectives of this study were to determine which preservation method kept the wine's integrity comparable to the original bottle (24, 48, and 72 h) and to determine the effect of storage temperature. A Duo-Trio difference test was used to determine whether panelists could distinguish wines stored by various preservation methods (n = 36). Results indicate that the use of a vacuum pump was beneficial for wine held over 24 h at room temperature. Wine stored at 45°F (7°C) regardless of the preservation method maintained its overall quality better than opened wines stored at 72°F (24°C) for 24, 48, and 72 h.
Long-term survival of anti-tumor lymphocytes generated by vaccination of patients with melanoma with a peptide vaccine

Immunization with the modified gp100 melanoma peptide gp1000:109-217 (210M) in Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) results in the generation of antipeptide and antitumor lymphocytes in the patients' circulation. In this study, the authors have evaluated the persistence of these immune cells. Reactivity against the native peptide persisted for 138 to 403 days after immunization. Reactivity also persisted in three of five patients that received external beam radiotherapy and in both patients who received systemic chemotherapy after the completion of peptide immunization. Thus, immune lymphocytes with anti gp100:209-217 peptide activity appear to persist for prolonged periods after vaccination with modified peptide in IFA.
Advances in the production of human monoclonal antibodies

Correspondence: Shixia Wang, Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA email shixia.wang@umassmed.edu Abstract: Since the development of hybridoma technology over three decades ago, numerous monoclonal antibodies have been produced and the use of monoclonal antibodies has become one of the major breakthroughs in medicine. Significant progress has been made on new technologies for generating human monoclonal antibodies. This review serves as an introduction to the immortalization of antigen-specific human B cell and hybridoma technologies, phage display platform, the use of transgenic mice, and the generation of monoclonal antibodies from single B cells.
Dissociation of Second Messenger Activation by Parathyroid Hormone Fragments in Osteosarcoma Cells

PTH activates multiple second messengers in its target cells, but the level at which the hormonal signal splits into different pathways is still unknown. To achieve insights on this issue, we have studied the structure-function relationship of PTH by analyzing the effects of bovine PTH-(1-34) [bPTH-(1-34)] and PTH fragments truncated at the N-terminus on the intracellular calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) and cAMP production in the rat osteogenic sarcoma cell line UMR 106-01. [Ca2+]i was measured in single cells using fura-2. When exposed to 10(-7) M bPTH-(1-34), 20% of the cells responded with a transient increase in [Ca2+]i of variable amplitude. Equimolar doses of bPTH-(2-34), propionyl bPTH-(2-34) [(pbPTH-(2-34)], and bPTH-(3-34) also transiently increased [Ca2+]i, whereas both [tyrosine34]bPTH-(7-34) amide [bPTH-(7-34)] and bPTH-(30-34) were ineffective. The amplitude of the [Ca2+] i transients was dose-dependent, with threshold concentrations of 10(-10) M for bPTH-(1-34) and bPTH-(2-34), and 10(-9) M for bPTH-(3-34). The response rate to the active peptides ranged between 10-30%, without a clear dose-relatedness. A second addition of 10(-7) M bPTH-(1-34) to cells prestimulated with equimolar doses of bPTH-(2-34), pbPTH-(2-34), or bPTH-(3-34) produced another transient, whereas after exposure to 10(-7) M bPTH-(1-34), the cells were completely desensitized to a second homologous stimulation, suggesting that the binding affinity of the truncated peptides for the PTH receptor is lower than that of the intact bPTH-(1-34) fragment. In addition, both bPTH-(1-34) and bPTH-(2-34) dose-dependently stimulated cAMP production, but the former was more potent (ED50 = 10(-9) vs. 10(-7) M, respectively). On the contrary, pbPTH-(2-34), bPTH-(3-34), and bPTH-(7-34) had no effect on cAMP. Pretreating the cells with pertussis toxin to enhance cAMP responses via inhibition of Gi potentiated the effect of bPTH-(1-34) and bPTH-(2-34) and disclosed weak but detectable agonist action of pbPTH-(2-34). These results indicate that specific domains of the PTH molecule are linked to activation of different second messenger pathways; while the first two amino acids are indispensable for activating the cAMP system, generation of the [Ca2+]i signal appears to involve a longer domain, including the amino acid residue in position 3.
Family Environment and Suicidal Ideation Among Bipolar Youth

The objective of this study was to examine the association between family environment and suicidal ideation among youth with bipolar disorder. Subjects included 446 bipolar (BP) youth (age 7–17) enrolled in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study. Current suicidal ideation, family functioning and family stress were assessed at intake. BP youth with current suicidal ideation reported more conflict with their mother and less family adaptability. Ideators endorsed more stressful family events over the prior year and higher rates of specific familial stressors. Clinicians treating bipolar youth should consider family stress when conducting suicide risk assessment. Treatment goals may include enhancing family communication and addressing issues of loss.
Shelf-life evaluation of natural antimicrobials for Concord and Niagara grape juices.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of natural antimicrobials for shelf-life extension of cold-filled still and carbonated Concord and Niagara grape juices, which have traditionally been preserved with chemical preservatives. Commercial juices were inoculated with a spoilage yeast cocktail of Dekkera, Kluveromyces, Brettanomyces, and Zygosaccharomyces at 102 and 104 CFU/ml. The following agents were added to still juices: no preservative (negative control), 0.05% potassium sorbate plus 0.05% sodium benzoate (positive control), 0.1 or 0.2% cultured dextrose, 250 ppm of dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC), 10 or 20 ppm of natamycin, and 250 ppm of DMDC plus 5 or 10 ppm of natamycin. Carbonated juice was treated with the negative control, positive control, and 250 ppm of DMDC plus 10 ppm of natamycin. Microbial stability of samples was assessed every 2 weeks during 6 months of storage at 21°C by yeast enumeration and measurement of turbidity, pH, and °Brix. Juices were deemed spoiled when yeast cou...
Trace minerals in the nutrition of children.

Trace elements perform important functions in growth and development. However, little information exists about their dietary requirements during the demanding period of infancy. Opportunities to add to knowledge of the physiologic significance and dietary adequacy of trace elements in human nutrition are provided by recent analytic advances. Specific, sensitive, and reliable methods for the detection of trace element imbalances are sorely needed. Although several factors influence the dietary needs of these essential elements, the basis for establishing dietary needs in infants is hindered by the dearth of studies that have assessed their bioavailability in this age group. Thus until it has been conclusively shown otherwise, the physiologic response to human milk is used as the standard for infant feeding practices. This review is limited primarily to the physiologic significance and bioavailability of zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, fluoride, and selenium. The space devoted to each trace element is not meant to represent the element's importance but, rather, to reflect some of the present understanding of its metabolism and utilization.
Seasonal study of fecal pellets and discarded houses of Appendicularia in a subtropical inlet, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii

Fecal pellets and discarded houses of Oikopleura longicauda Vogt were collected every week with sediment traps for a 13-month period in a subtropical inlet, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. The annual average fecal pellet production rate per animal was 243±105 pellets per day (95% confidence limits). The annual average house production rate per single O. longicauda was 5·3±3 houses day −1 . Each house contained 65±32 pellets. The annual average sedimentation rate of fecal pellets was 6·3±2×10 6 pellets m −2 day −1 (44% of total zooplankton pellets) or 2·0±1 cm 3 m −2 day −1 (66% of total zooplankton pellets). The annual average sedimentation rate of discarded houses was 8·9±3×10 4 houses m −2 day −1 . A field estimate of sinking velocity for discarded houses was 3·7±2 m day −1 , of which the variation seemed to be controlled by the chemical composition of suspended particulate matter ( P
The impacts of globalization on St. Petersburg: A secondary world city in from the cold?

St. Petersburg has not been successful in overcoming a large number of social and economic obstacles inherited from its Soviet past. St. Petersburg is missing an important set of pre-conditions that are critical to attain a level of global interaction required to be considered for secondary city status in a semi-peripheral country. Only the city’s cultural activities appear to qualify the city for world city status. As long as Russia itself remains “stuck in transition,” world city status for St. Petersburg will remain elusive.
Characterization of the plasma membrane of Mycoplasma laidlawii. VIII. Effect of temperature shift and antimetabolites on K+ transport

Abstract The internal K + concentration in cells of Mycoplasma laidlawii was shown to be a function of the temperature at which the determinations were carried out rather than the initial growth temperature of the cells. This was shown in temperature shift experiments. The efflux of K + from cells at 15 °C was also insensitive to the initial growth temperature. The efflux rate when measured as a function of efflux temperature yields a straight Arrhenius plot corresponding to an energy of activiation of 17.8 kcal/mole. K + efflux is drastically reduced by metabolic inhibitors as well as by the absence of K + in the external medium. Gramicidin renders the membranes completely permeable to K + . The temperature experiments indicate that K + transport in these cells is not strongly effected by the temperature induced lipid phase transition in the membrane.
The transcultural view: Prerequisite to interethnic (intercultural) communication in medicine

Abstract The papers presented in this issue of Social Science and Medicine formed the basis of a symposium by the same title held during the 1977 Annual Meeting of the Southern Anthropological Society in Miami, Florida, March 9–12, 1977. Organized and chaired by the author of the introductory paper (Weidman) the set now includes additional studies which were reported in other contexts. Each paper focuses upon a unique case, a widespread medical problem, a case study representative of that problem, an historical process, or an ecological exploration of health/illness concerns. In every instance the point is made that greater professional knowledge, better management, a more successful outcome in an individual case, or the raising of health levels for a particular population rests upon a transcultural view of the problem. The transcultural posture is applicable to professional approaches: anthropology and medicine: also to knowledge of the cultural context of both the patient and the health professional involved. In addition it is applicable to groups of people and health institutions under consideration as well as to healing traditions themselves. Given the unifying theme, that the transcultural view is a prerequisite to interethnic (intercultural) communication in medicine, raised health levels might be expected as a consequence of improved interdisciplinary/intercultural communication.
Effect of Immunization with Estrone-Protein Conjugate in Rhesus Monkeys

Female rhesus monkeys were immunized with estrone-17-(O-carboxymethyl)oximebovine serum albumin. All 4 immunized monkeys developed circulating antibodies which bound radioactively labeled estrone and 17β-estradiol with equal affinity. All animals showed an increase in the plasma estrogen levels. The rate of disappearance of injected 3H-estradiol and its conversion to more polar metabolites was inhibited in the immunized animals. Two of the 4 animals became anovulatory as evidenced by low plasma progestin levels over an extended period. Ovulation and corpus luteum formation was successfully induced in the 2 anovulatory animals by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. It is concluded that the estrogen-dependent surge of luteinizing hormone necessary for the induction of ovulation does not occur in the anovulatory monkeys because the circulating antibodies bind the plasma estrogens and block their action. (Endocrinology 93: 843, 1973)
Cosmic Radiation and Radioactive Disintegration

A THEORY of radioactivity has been proposed by Perrin, who suggested that the disintegration of the radioactive elements may be due to their absorption of cosmic radiations. Former efforts to verify this theory have resulted in unsuccessful attempts to alter the rate of disintegration by subjecting radio-elements to intense gamma radiation and also by shielding them from external radiations.
Birefringence Compensation using a Single Nd:YAG Rod

We model and experimentally verify a single pump-head implementation of a birefringence compensation scheme. A reduction of depolarization loss by as much as 84% was observed.
Inhibition of vitamin D receptor-retinoid X receptor-vitamin D response element complex formation by nuclear extracts of vitamin D-resistant New World primate cells.

Most New World primate (NWP) genera evolved to require high circulating levels of steroid hormones and vitamin D. We hypothesized that an intracellular vitamin D binding protein (IDBP), present in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of NWP cells, or another protein(s) may cause or contribute to the steroid hormone-resistant state in NWP by disruption of the receptor dimerization process and/or by interference of receptor complex binding to the consensus response elements present in the enhancer regions of steroid-responsive genes. We employed electromobility shift assay (EMSA) to screen for the presence of proteins capable of binding to the vitamin D response element (VDRE). Nuclear and post-nuclear extracts were prepared from two B-lymphoblastoid cell lines known to be representative of the vitamin D-resistant and wild type phenotypes, respectively. The extracts were compared for their ability to retard the migration of radiolabeled double stranded oligomers representative of the VDREs of the human os...
The Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Val158Met Polymorphism Modulates Organization of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Working Memory in Adults

article i nfo This study examined the effect of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) Val 158 Met genotypes on the co-activation of brain areas involved in cognition during a working memory (WM) task. The pattern of concomitant region of interest (ROI) activation during WM performance varied by genotype: Val/Val showing the least and Met/Met the most covariance. There were no differences of performance on the WM task between the COMT genotypes. However, relatively better performance was associated with less concomitance of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cingulate cortex for Val/Val, but more concomitance of DLPFC with AH for Met/Met. Within geno- types WM performance was significantly correlated with rCBF to the amygdala/hippocampus (AH) for Val/Val (r = 0.44, p = 0.009), to the parietal lobe for Val/Met (r = 0.29, p = 0.03), and to the thalamus for Met/Met (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). Different genotypes showed different regional specificity and concomitant activation patterns suggesting that varying dopamine availability induces different brain processing pathways to achieve similar WM performance.
Respiration of developing anthers.

UNDER greenhouse conditions the growth in length of flower buds of Lilium longiflorum is exponential over the period of about five weeks preceding anthesis, during which they elongate from about 10 mm. to about 155 mm. Blackman's1 formula can be fitted satisfactorily to the growth curves, if length is substituted for weight (Lt = Loert). Hence, the length of a bud may be taken as an index of its age, and logarithms of bud-lengths may be used in lieu of time in describing the development of the bud. For example, the average value of r, in the terms of this formula, for twenty-six buds the lengths of which were recorded each day from February 11 to April 8, 1946, at greenhouse temperatures fluctuating between average daily limits of 16° C. and 27° C., is 0-0765. At this daily 'interest' rate, a bud would grow in length from 10 mm. to 100 mm. in 30.1 days. Dividing the distance from 10 mm. to 100 mm. on a logarithmic scale of bud-lengths into thirty equal parts produces a linear scale of days.
Effects of Thyroidectomy and Thyroxine Therapy on Biosynthesis and Release of Luteinizing Hormone by Rat Anterior Pituitary Glands in vitro

We examined the role of thyroid hormones in regulating the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone (LU) by anterior pituitary glands (AP) of ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Immediately after ovariectomy, rats were thyroidectomized (Tx) or sham-Tx. Starting 30 days later, they were injected with either saline solution or thyroxine (T4) for 9 days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the APs were removed and incubated in vitro with 3.6 X 10’ M gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the radioactive precursors of LH, I’4Cl -alanine and ( 1-I] -glucosamine. Radiolabeled LH was isolated by immunoprecipitation with specific anti-LH-(3 serum. The levels of T4 in the serum as well as the immunoreactive LU (IR-LH) in the serum, medium, and AP5 were measured by radioiinmunoassay. After thyroidectomy T4 was undetectable in the serum of Ovx rats. T4 replacement in Ovx-Tx rats restored the serum T4 to approximately normal levels. Serum LII concentrations were higher in Ovx-Tx rats than in Ovx rats. Depending on dose, T4 therapy either depressed or had no significant effect on serum LU in Ovx-Tx rats. The total lR-LH content in the pituitary was higher and the release of lR-LH by AP5 in response to GnRH was greater in Ovx-Tx rats than in Ovx-Sham Tx rats. Thyroidectomy stimulated the incorporation of l’4C1alanine and l3H].glucosamine into LH; however, the in vitm release of de novo synthesized radiolabeled LU was not altered by thyroid status. Thyroidectomy did not modify the uptake of 14C1-alanine and (3Hl-glucosamine, whereas it reduced the incorporation of f3Hl-glucosamine into pituitary glycoprotein. These results suggest that thyroid hormones directly affect LH synthesis.
Alignment of spoken narratives for automated neuropsychological assessment

Narrative recall tasks are commonly included in neurological examinations, as deficits in narrative memory are associated with disorders such as Alzheimer's dementia. We explore methods for automatically scoring narrative retellings via alignment to a source narrative. Standard alignment methods, designed for large bilingual corpora for machine translation, yield high alignment error rates (AER) on our small monolingual corpora. We present modifications to these methods that obtain a decrease in AER, an increase in scoring accuracy, and diagnostic classification performance comparable to that of manual methods, thus demonstrating the utility of these techniques for this task and other tasks relying on monolingual alignments.
Standard Drug Concentrations and Smart-Pump Technology Reduce Continuous-Medication-Infusion Errors in Pediatric Patients

Objective. To determine if combining standard drug concentrations with “smart-pump” technology reduces reported medication-infusion errors. Design. Preintervention and postintervention comparison of reported medication errors related to infusion therapies during the calendar years 2002 and 2003. Setting. A 242-bed university-affiliated tertiary pediatric hospital. Intervention. Change in continuous-medication-infusion process, comprising the adoption of (1) standard drug concentrations, (2) “smart” syringe pumps, and (3) human-engineered medication labels. Main Outcome Measures. Comparison of reported continuous-medication-infusion errors before and after the intervention. Results. The number of reported errors dropped by 73% for an absolute risk reduction of 3.1 to 0.8 per 1000 doses. Preparation errors that occurred in the pharmacy decreased from 0.66 to 0.16 per 1000 doses; the number of 10-fold errors in dosage decreased from 0.41 to 0.08 per 1000 doses. Conclusions. The use of standard drug concentrations, smart syringe pumps, and user-friendly labels reduces reported errors associated with continuous medication infusions. Standard drug concentrations can be chosen to allow most neonates to receive needed medications without concerns related to excess fluid administration.
A CMOS differential difference amplifier with rail-to-rail fully-differential outputs

The Differential Difference Amplifier (DDA) is well-known as a novel analog building block, which has 2 differential inputs. DDA-based circuits often provide high input impedance and simple external circuitry, and therefore are competitive to op amp-based circuits. In this paper, we present a design of a CMOS rail-to-rail fully-differential DDA (FDDA) in a 2 /spl mu/ CMOS process.
Join selectivity re-estimation for repetitive queries in databases

Repetitive queries refer to those queries that are likely to be executed repeatedly in the future. Examples of repetitive queries include those that are used to generate periodic reports, perform routine maintenance, summarize data for analysis, etc. They can constitute a large part of daily activities of the database system and deserve more optimization efforts. In this paper, we propose to collect information about joins of a repetitive query, called the trace, during execution. We intend to use this information to re-estimate selectivities of joins in all possible execution orders. We discuss the information needed to be kept for the joins and design an operator, called the extended full outer join, to gather such information. We show the sufficiency of the traces in computing the exact selectivities of joins in all plans of the query. With the exact selectivities of joins available, the query optimizer can utilize them to find truly the best join order for the query in its search space, guaranteeing "optimal" execution of the query in the future.
Glutathione s-transferase p1: gene sequence variation and functional genomic studies

Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is of importance for cancer research because of its role in detoxifying carcinogens, activating antineoplastic prodrugs, metabolizing chemotherapeutic agents, and its involvement in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. Two common GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms have been studied extensively. However, the full range of GSTP1 genetic variation has not been systematically characterized in the absence of disease pathology. We set out to identify common GSTP1 polymorphisms in four ethnic groups, followed by functional genomic studies. All exons, splice junctions, and the 5'-flanking region of GSTP1 were resequenced using 60 DNA samples each from four ethnic groups. The 35 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified included six nonsynonymous SNPs and 17 previously unreported polymorphisms. GSTP1 variant allozymes were then expressed in COS-1 cells, and five displayed significantly altered levels of enzyme activity. One decreased to 22% of the wild-type (WT) activity. Four variant allozymes had K(m) values that differed significantly from that of the WT, and five showed altered levels of immunoreactive protein compared with WT, with a significant correlation (r = 0.79, P < 0.007) between levels of immunoreactive protein and enzyme activity in these samples. In the Mexican American population, five linked SNPs were significantly associated with GSTP1 mRNA expression, one of which was found by electrophoretic mobility shift assay to alter protein binding. These studies have identified functionally significant genetic variation, in addition to the two frequently studied GSTP1 nonsynonymous SNPs, that may influence GSTP1's contribution to carcinogen and drug metabolism, and possibly disease pathogenesis and/or drug response.