cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Documenting Dissent: Underground and Alternative Periodicals in China, Eastern Europe, and the Western World

Karen Rondestvedt, Phillip Wilkin and Haihui Zhang, collection development librarians, discuss the definitions, origins, and library issues relating to alternative and underground periodicals.
Phenylephrine alteration of cerebral blood flow during orthostasis: effect on n-back performance in chronic fatigue syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with orthostatic intolerance is characterized by neurocognitive deficits and impaired working memory, concentration, and information processing. In CFS, upright tilti...
Apoprotein B Structure and Receptor Recognition of Triglyceride-rich Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Is Modified in Small LDL but Not in Triglyceride-rich LDL of Normal Size*

We compared the effect of lipid composition and particle size of triglyceride-rich low density lipoprotein (LDL) upon apoprotein B conformation and binding to the LDL receptor. Three groups of triglyceride-rich LDL were studied: (a) LDL isolated from chronic hypertriglyceridemic individuals (HTG-LDL); (b) normal LDL made triglyceride-rich by in vitro incubation with triglyceride emulsion and the neutral lipid transfer protein (R-LDL); and (c) LDL from normolipidemic individuals made acutely hypertriglyceridemic by intravenous infusion of 10% Intralipid (IV-LDL). HTG-LDL was small and dense, whereas R-LDL and IV-LDL had normal size. HTG-LDL, but not R-LDL or IV-LDL, exhibited decreased binding to the LDL receptor on human skin fibroblasts in studies at 4 degrees C and reduced degradation at 37 degrees C. Apoprotein B conformation was assessed by circular dichroism and by analyzing the immunoreactivity of different monoclonal antibodies. HTG-LDL but not R-LDL or IV-LDL showed a change in the CD spectra and a consistent decrease in the immunoreactivity of monoclonal antibody 3F5 (2.5-fold) which recognizes an epitope adjacent to the receptor binding domain of apoprotein B. These findings suggest that in triglyceride-rich LDL, the relative content of neutral lipid in the core of LDL in the absence of changes in the size of the particle does not significantly affect apoprotein B conformation or its affinity for the LDL receptor.
Nutritive value of poultry by-product meal. 1. Metabolizable energy values as influenced by method of determination and level of substitution.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the metabolizable energy (MEn) of eight poultry by-product meal (PBPM) samples. Samples averaged 5.44% moisture, 4.84 kcal gross energy (GE)/g dry matter (DM), 61.2% crude protein, 13.38% ether extract, 16.1% ash, 5.14% calcium, and 2.36% phosphorus. Samples of PBPM were substituted in the diet at levels of 20 and 40%. Values of ME were calculated with substitution for the diet (Matterson’s method) and for glucose (Hill’s method) and by the fasted cockerel method. Values of PBPM MEn were 7.9% greater when substitution was for diet as compared with substitution for glucose; values were 2.95 and 2.74 kcal/g DM, respectively. Using Matterson’s method with three samples, MEn values were determined to be 12.1% greater when PBPM was substituted at the rate of 20% than at 40%; values were 3.33 and 2.97 kcal/g DM, respectively. Differences in MEn between the best and poorest samples (3.79 and 2.77 kcal/g DM) could be attributed to differences in gross energy (5.00 and 4.49 kcal/g DM) and percentage of gross energy metabolized (75.7 and 61.7%). Metabolizable energy was more closely related to body weight gains than the amount of feed consumed. When a modification of Sibbald’s fasted cockerel technique was used, true MEn of the eight samples averaged 3.35 kcal/g DM and 69% of GE metabolized. For the three samples assayed by both methods, Matterson’s method gave values averaging .97% higher than Sibbald’s (+4.3, +.8, and −2.2%). Differences in MEn were mostly highly correlated with ash (−.89), calcium (−.85), and GE (.78) contents of the diets. Projections from relationships found between ME and nutrient compositions of these samples to the average sample used by the poultry industry in the Southeast indicate an average of 3.57 kcal ME/g DM of PBPM (3.39 kcal/g as is).
Bridge Timber Piles Load Rating under Eccentric Loading Conditions

This study evaluates the load rating procedure that is currently used in rating timber piles supporting multiple-span simply supported bridges. For simplicity, these piles are often rated under concentric loads and the effect of bending in the piles is neglected. Recent studies have shown, however, that under highly eccentric live loads, the effect of bending moments in the piles are of great importance and could have a dramatic effect on the load rating of the piles. This paper proposes an alternative structural load rating method for timber piles based on the National Design Specifications, which takes the effect of combined compression-flexure behavior of piles into consideration. This method is used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the effect of several geometric and structural parameters on the load rating of bridge timber piles using three-dimensional finite element models of concrete-deck bridges supported on group of timber piles. The results show that the proposed load rating method produces significantly less ratings for piles with moderate-to-high levels of deterioration, as compared with that obtained by the conventional approach. Among the studied parameters, the pile length is found to have the most significant impact on the pile load rating.
Aerodynamic Resuspension of Particles Due to a Falling Flat Disk

In this article, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to compute the unsteady, compressible flow caused by a flat falling circular disk. CFD results are coupled with a particle trajectory model to determine particle trajectories for different particle sizes and examine which particles are trapped or ejected from the closing gap. CFD results show that the normalized radial velocity profiles are self similar for different Reynolds numbers based on the gap height, and that flow compressibility results in a density increase toward the center of the disk for decreasing gap height. To efficiently couple CFD results with the particle trajectory model, a regression model representing both the velocity field and density variation inside the gap is developed and coupled with a particle detachment model. Particle trajectories are shown to be sensitive to the flow compressibility and must be taken into account. The escaped and trapped particle distribution is computed for a thin mono-layer of Arizona Test Dust ...
Thermodynamics of tryptophan-mediated activation of the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein

The trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) functions in many bacilli to control the expression of the tryptophan biosynthesis genes. Transcription of the trp operon is controlled by TRAP through an attenuation mechanism, in which competition between two alternative secondary-structural elements in the 5‘ leader sequence of the nascent mRNA is influenced by tryptophan-dependent binding of TRAP to the RNA. Previously, NMR studies of the undecamer (11-mer) suggested that tryptophan-dependent control of RNA binding by TRAP is accomplished through ligand-induced changes in protein dynamics. We now present further insights into this ligand-coupled event from hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Scanning calorimetry showed tryptophan dissociation to be independent of global protein unfolding, while analysis of the temperature dependence of the binding enthalpy by ITC revealed a negative heat capacity change larger tha...
Fluorescence changes on contractile activation in TnC(DANZ) labeled skinned rabbit psoas fibers.

The increase in fluorescence of dansylaziridine (DANZ) labeled troponin C (TnCDANZ) substituted into skinned rabbit psoas fibers was determined as a function of the pCa. The fluorescence data are expressed as the ratio of two wavelength bands, one that sees the fluorescence of TnCDANZ, and one that sees background fluorescence and scatter. The percent TnC replaced with TnCDANZ was varied between 10 and 50% and, the fibers were randomly stretched, at the start of each experiment, between 10 and 50%. A large ratio increase accompanies increase in [Ca2+]. The pCa/force data are best fit by the Hill equation but the pCa/ratio data are best fit by a model in which Ca2+ binds in two phases. The position of the force curve on the pCa axis varies little between fibers, in contrast to that of the ratio or Δ-fluorescence curve. In accord with previous reports the Δ-fluorescence can be left of the force on the pCa axis (type I) or superimpose in part on the force (type II). Not described previously, we find curves in which the second phase of the ratio cross-over the pCa/force curve. This type III relationship is found only in fibers less than 3 weeks postmuscle harvest. We propose that the first, relatively invariant, phase of the biphasic pCa/ratio curve accompanies Ca2+ binding to either of the two low affinity sites on TnCDANZ as it does for TnC in solution. The second, highly cooperative, phase of the ratio curve that accompanies muscle contraction and enhanced Ca2+ binding is initiated when sufficient Ca2+ is bound to overcome inhibitory systems. Loose coupling between the initial Ca2+ binding and the cooperative switch point may account for much of the variation in the shape and position of the pCa/ratio curve. There is evidence that, in the overlap zone, weakly attached myosin cross-bridges enhance cooperation between the regulatory units of the thin filaments.
Relative contributions of enzyme cytochemistry and flow cytometric immunophenotyping to the evaluation of acute myeloid leukemias with a monocytic component and of flow cytometric immunophenotyping to the evaluation of absolute monocytoses.

We evaluated the contributions of enzyme cytochemical stains and flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) data to detection of monocytic cells (MCs) in acute myelomonocytic and acute monocytic leukemias (AMMLs and AMoLs) and compared FCI findings in AMoL, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and normal peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) monocytes to classify and evaluate absolute monocytoses (AMs). We reviewed 10 AMMLs and 6 AMoLs with α-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) and α-naphthyl-butyrate esterase stains and a complete FCI profile and compared FCI data for 6 AMoLs, 7 CMMLs, 2 AMs, and normal monocytes. We confirmed increased sensitivity of ANAE staining to FCI data in detecting MCs in AMML and AMoL. CD14 was insensitive for confirming MCs; other characteristic markers of MCs were absent or partially lost in AMML and AMoL. Aberrant expression of CD56 (detected in 50% of AMMLs and AMoLs), CD34, and CD117 indicated malignancy. The mature MCs of the CMMLs revealed variable FCI abnormalities (partial loss of CD13, CD14, and CD15; expression of CD56), as in the monoblasts of AMoL. These FCI abnormalities in morphologically mature MCs might indicate markers for CMML. AMs revealed FCI abnormalities, indicating clues to their correct classification as CMML.
Avian Influenza among Waterfowl Hunters and Wildlife Professionals

We report serologic evidence of avian influenza infection in 1 duck hunter and 2 wildlife professionals with extensive histories of wild waterfowl and game bird exposure. Two laboratory methods showed evidence of past infection with influenza A/H11N9, a less common virus strain in wild ducks, in these 3 persons.
The functional domains of bacteriophage T4 terminase

The packaging of double-stranded genomic DNA into some viral and all bacteriophage capsids is driven by powerful molecular motors. In bacteriophage T4, the motor consists of the portal protein assembly composed of twelve copies of gene product 20 (gp20, 61 kDa) and an oligomeric terminase complex composed of gp16 (18 kDa) and gp17 (70 kDa). The packaging motor drives the 171-kbp T4 DNA into the capsid utilizing the free energy of ATP hydrolysis. Evidence suggests that gp17 is the key component of the motor; it exhibits ATPase, nuclease, and in vitro DNA-packaging activities. The N- and C-terminal halves of gp17 were expressed and purified to homogeneity and found to have ATPase and nuclease activities, respectively. The N-terminal domain exhibited 2-3-fold higher Kcat values for gp16-stimulated ATPase than the full-length gp17. Neither of the domains, individually or together, exhibited in vitro DNA-packaging activity, suggesting that communication between the domains is essential for DNA packaging. The domains, in particular the C-terminal domain or a mixture of both the N- and C-terminal domains, inhibited in vitro DNA packaging that is catalyzed by full-length gp17. In conjunction with genetic evidence, these data suggest that the domains compete with the full-length gp17 for binding sites on the portal protein. A model for the assembly of the T4 DNA-packaging machine is presented.
Endovascular Stent-Graft or Open Surgical Repair for Blunt Thoracic Aortic Trauma: Systematic Review

Purpose To evaluate the available data on stent-graft repair of acute blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury with regard to safety and efficacy compared with conventional open surgical repair. Materials and Methods The literature on endovascular repair of acute traumatic aortic injury since 1990 was systematically reviewed. Metaanalysis of publications with open and stent-graft repair cohorts was performed to evaluate whether there was a difference in treatment effect with regard to mortality and paraplegia. Case series were included to obtain an adequate population to assess the incidence of stent-graft procedure–related complications. Results There were no prospective randomized studies. Nineteen publications that compared the outcomes of 262 endograft repairs and 376 open surgical repairs were identified. The odds ratio for mortality after endovascular versus open repair was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.26–0.70; P = .001). The odds ratio for paraplegia after endovascular versus open repair was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.12–0.76; P = .01). In the pooled group of 667 endovascular repair survivors from 50 reports, the incidence of early endoleak was 4.2%, and late endoleak occurred in 0.9%. Stroke or transient ischemic attack was reported in 1.2%. Access site complications that required intervention occurred in 4.1%. Conclusions The available cohort and case series data support stent-graft repair as a highly successful technique that may reduce mortality and paraplegia rates by half compared with open surgery. These data support endograft repair as first-line therapy for blunt thoracic aortic trauma.
Bureaucracy, Social Exchange, and Benefits Received in a Public Assistance Agency

Bureaucratic and exchange models of client-official interaction were used to predict organizational outputs measured by discretionary grants given to public assistance clients. Demographic and personality characteristics of clients had little effect on the number and amounts of grants received, although aggressive clients were able to influence client-oriented caseworkers. The universalistic criterion of need, typical of the bureaucratic model, proved to be the most fruitful for predicting outcomes.
Modeling the complex gene × environment interplay in the simulated rheumatoid arthritis GAW15 data using latent variable structural equation modeling

Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex disease that appears to involve multiple genetic and environmental factors. Using the Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 simulated rheumatoid arthritis data and the structural equation modeling framework, we tested hypothesized "causal" rheumatoid arthritis model(s) by employing a novel latent gene construct approach that models individual genes as latent variables defined by multiple dense and non-dense single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our approach produced valid latent gene constructs, particularly with dense SNPs, which when coupled with other factors involved in rheumatoid arthritis, were able to generate good fitting models by certain goodness of fit indices. We observed that Gene F, C, DR, sex and smoking were significant predictors of rheumatoid arthritis but Genes A and E were not, which was generally, but not entirely, consistent with how the data were simulated. Our approach holds promise in unravelling complex diseases and improves upon current "one SNP (haplotype)-at-a-time" regression approaches by decreasing the number of statistical tests while minimizing problems with multicolinearity and haplotype estimation algorithm error. Furthermore, when genes are modeled as latent constructs simultaneously with other key cofactors, the approach provides enhanced control of confounding that should lead to less biased effect estimates among genes as well as between gene(s) and the complex disease. However, further study is needed to quantify bias, evaluate fit index disparity, and resolve multiplicative latent gene interactions. Moreover, because some a priori biological information is needed to form an initial substantive model, our approach may be most appropriate for candidate gene SNP panel applications.
Increasing Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in California Jails

Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates obtained from patients who were inmates of the San Francisco County jail system showed an increase in the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from 29%, in 1997, to 74%, in 2002; 91% of the MRSA isolates carried staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type IV. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing demonstrated 2 major clonal groups. One of these clonal groups is genetically indistinguishable from the strain responsible for an outbreak of MRSA in the Los Angeles County jail system in 2002.
21/sup st/ century global software development and education - position statement

This position statement outlines methods by which universities can determine industry needs and provides recommendations to reverse declining enrollments trends. Suggestions are offered for curricular topics important to software development in the future as well for software tools that will be necessary to make these topics less formidable for undergraduates.
The Transmutation of N 14 by Protons

The reaction ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{O}}^{15}$ has been studied experimentally in the energy range 0.25 to 2.6 Mev, using protons accelerated by an electrostatic generator and observing the induced ${\mathrm{O}}^{15}$ positron activity. Excitation curves have been obtained from ${\mathrm{Be}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ targets, nitrogen gas targets, and a thin target formed by proton bombardment of a copper foil in a nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental cross section can be described by nine resonances, whose parameters are given. The bearing of these results on the yield of this reaction at stellar temperatures is discussed.
Nighttime lights time series of tsunami damage, recovery, and economic metrics in Sumatra, Indonesia.

On 26 December 2004, a magnitude 9.2 earthquake off the west coast of the northern Sumatra, Indonesia, resulted in 160,000 Indonesians killed. We examine the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System night-time light imagery brightness values for 307 communities in the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery (STAR), a household survey in Sumatra from 2004 to 2008. We examined nightlight time series between the annual brightness and extent of damage, economic metrics collected from STAR households and aggregated to the community level. There were significant changes in brightness values from 2004 to 2008 with a significant drop in brightness values in 2005 due to the tsunami and pre-tsunami night-time light values returning in 2006 for all damage zones. There were significant relationships between the night-time imagery brightness and per capita expenditures, and spending on energy and on food. Results suggest that Defense Meteorological Satellite Program night-time light ima...
Modeling of wave overtopping on vertical structures with the HLLS Riemann solver

Abstract Depth-integrated wave models are commonly used in coastal engineering design and studies of near-shore processes, but the results might be unstable or questionable when overtopping of vertical structures is involved. The HLLS Riemann solver presented by Murillo and Garcia-Navarro (2012, Journal of Computational Physics) can account for shallow-water flow across a bottom step. We implement this solver in a second-order MUSCL-Hancock scheme and explore its use to describe overtopping of vertical structures through a nonlinear shallow-water model in one dimension. A series of numerical tests based on the Riemann problem assesses the characteristic approximation of the flow resulting from two-dimensional processes at the step. The model gives good agreement with simulations from OpenFOAM (an open-source computational fluid dynamics code) for rarefaction and surge and qualitative description for reflection at the step and shock waves generated by free fall of water. A laboratory experiment was conducted in a 9.14 m long flume to provide validation data for solitary wave overtopping of a vertical structure. Consistent with the numerical tests, the model produces slightly larger reflected waves from the structure and underestimates the amplitude and speed of the downstream waves generated by overtopping. Despite its simplicity, the HLLS solver performs reasonably well in approximating the overall processes and produces stable and efficient numerical results for practical application.
Morphological Survey of the Maxillae in Last-stage Larvae of the Suborder Ditrysia (Lepidoptera): Mesal Lobes (Laciniogaleae)

Mesal lobes of the maxillae of 126 last-stage lepidopterous larvae were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The larvae represented 41 species, 24 families, and 13 superfamilies of the suborder Ditrysia. A sensillar terminology consistent with observed variability in shape and location was formulated. A total of eight sensilla was found implanted on the distal surface of each lobe. Three morphological patterns were recognized: three sensilla trichodea (STI, STII, STIII), two sensilla styloconica (LSS, MSS), and three sensilla basiconica (CSB, LSB, MSB). Of the three trichoid sensilla, STII and STIII formed a tight, mutually influenced morphological unit, while STI appeared more independent in location and shape. STII and STIII were subject to branching in hesperiids and some pyralids. In some species the three setae were close together and similar in appearance. This was most evident in species with a boring habit. In others, particularly the Pyralidae, Tortricidae, and Pterophoridae, STI was located on the lateral wall of the lobes far from STII and STIII. Based on their shape and position with respect to the mandibles, these sensilla function possibly as proprioceptors, responding to movements of the mandibles, so that the delicate maxillary lobes and their vital gustatory sensilla can be drawn down to avoid damage during mastication. The sensilla styloconica were the most conservative features on the lobes, varying little among species. In arctiids, the protuberance of each styloconic sensillum was larger than the adjacent distal segment of the palpus. The apex of each sensillum styloconicum supported a short papilla with an apical indentation or pore. There were three sensilla basiconica located close to the bases of the protuberances of the sensilla styloconica. CSB was located between LSS and MSS, and in some species was two-tiered (styloconic). MSB and LSB occupied medial and lateral corners of the lobe's ventroanterior wall. MSB was a simple peg, but in Trichophaga tapetzella (L.) it was distinctly setiform. LSB was also a simple peg, but in some species it was more campaniform. The term laciniogaleae is proposed here for the maxillary lobes. Each lobe appeared to consist of two fused elements, the galea plus the lacinea. In some species, the fusion was incomplete.
The Morphology of Theory and the General Theory of Marketing

The author explores the nature of theoretical and nontheoretical structures and then evaluates the theoretical structure advanced in a previous Journal of Marketing article.
Results of Cryoenergy and Radiofrequency-Based Catheter Ablation for Treating Ventricular Arrhythmias Arising From the Papillary Muscles of the Left Ventricle, Guided by Intracardiac Echocardiography and Image Integration.

Background— Catheter radiofrequency ablation of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) arising from the left ventricle’s papillary muscles has been associated with inconsistent results. The use of cryoenergy versus radiofrequency has not been compared yet. This study compares outcomes and complications of catheter ablation of VA from the papillary muscles of the left ventricle with either cryoenergy or radiofrequency. Methods and Results— Twenty-one patients (40±12 years old; 47% males; median ejection fraction 59±7.3%) with drug refractory premature ventricular contractions or ventricular tachycardia underwent catheter cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation. VAs were localized using 3-dimensional mapping, multidetector computed tomography, and intracardiac echocardiography, with arrhythmia foci being mapped at either the anterolateral papillary muscle or posteromedial papillary muscles of the left ventricle. Focal ablation was performed using an 8-mm cryoablation catheter or a 4-mm open-irrigated radiofrequency catheter, via transmitral approach. Acute success rate was 100% for cryoenergy (n=12) and 78% for radiofrequency (n=9; P =0.08). Catheter stability was achieved in all patients (100%) treated with cryoenergy, and only in 2 (25%) patients treated with radiofrequency ( P =0.001). Incidence of multiple VA morphologies was observed in 7 patients treated with radiofrequency (77.7%), whereas none was observed in those treated with cryoenergy ( P =0.001). VA recurrence at 6 months follow-up was 0% for cryoablation and 44% for radiofrequency ( P =0.03). Conclusions— Cryoablation was associated with higher success rates and lower recurrence rates than radiofrequency catheter ablation, better catheter stability, and lesser incidence of polymorphic arrhythmias.
Opportunistic Routing in Wireless Networks

Wireless multi-hop networks have become an important part of many modern communication systems. Opportunistic routing aims to overcome the deficiencies of conventional routing on wireless multi-hop networks, by specifically utilizing wireless broadcast opportunities and receiver diversity. Opportunistic routing algorithms, which are specifically optimized to incorporate into the routing decisions a model of wireless transmission, take advantage of scheduling, multi-user, andreceiver diversity gains and result in significant reduction in the expected cost of routing per packet. The ability of the algorithm to take advantage of the aspects of wireless transmission, however, depends on the scalability and the additional overhead associated with the opportunistic routing as well as the availability of side information regarding wireless channel statistics, topology, etc. This monograph sheds light on the performance gains associated with incorporating into the routing strategy the nature of wireless transmission.This monograph first provides an overview of various opportunistic distance-vector algorithms that have been developed to incorporate wireless transmission and routing opportunities. Furthermore, an optimal opportunistic distance metric is proposed whose performance is examined against the performance of several routing algorithms from the literature. The performance is examined first in analytical examples, then via simulation to identify the strengths of the optimal opportunist routing algorithm. To allow for a scalable and distributed solution, the distributed computation of this optimal distance-metric is provided. The performance of a distributed implementation of the optimal opportunistic routing algorithm is also examined via simulation. In addition to the construction of the opportunistic schemes in centralized and distributed fashions, this monograph also addresses how learning the wireless medium can be efficiently incorporated in the structure of routing algorithm. Finally, this monograph examines the dynamic congestion-based distance metric and its performance against other congestion aware solutions in the literature.
Analysis on iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Bozhou City

Objective In order to grasp and evaluate iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Bozhou city. Methods To monitor fhe pregnant population urinary iodine of each county in Bozhou city in 2012,by using WH0 recommended standards as the basis,and to evaluate the iodine nutrition of pregnant women. Results After testing 400 iodine of pregnant women distribution range is 11.08~624.93 μg/L, determination of urinary iodine results 150.00 μg/L accounted for 36.75 %(147/400); In the 150.00~249.00 μg/L accounted for 36.25 %(145/400); In the 250.00~499.00 μg/L accounted for 26.00 %(104/400); 500.00 μg/L accounted for 1.00 %(4/400). Earlier, middle and late pregnant women's, the median of urinary iodine were 155.02 μg/L, 183.17 μg/L, 183.04 μg/L. Through the statistical analysis of urinary iodine value of each group showed no significant difference(P0.05); County maternal urinary iodine median were 190.78 μ g/L, 182.61 μg/L, 181.34 μg/L and 176.56 μg/L. County area of urinary iodine value the difference was not significant(P0.05). Conclusions The survey of pregnant women's median urinary iodine was 182.61 μg/L, achieved the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders standard, but there are still some iodine of pregnant women and pregnant women in iodine excess minority low intake, so it can be concluded that the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Bozhou city is not ideal. Recommendations for the relevant departments to strengthen iodine nutrition monitoring of pregnant women in iodine nutrition levle, existing problems must be timely and effective intervented for pregnant women, in order to effectively prevent iodine nutrition of pregnant women in bad.
Wireless Monitoring System of Coal Mine Gas Concentration Based on VB

The paper introduces a gas monitoring system based on VB and wireless communication technology,including its hardware and software design.Meanwhile,data fusion technology is applied to the gas sensors data process to improve the accuracy of the system.By setting the under-bit machine,smooth communication can be guaranteed and friendly interface is designed by VB program.The system can provide scientific means to reduce coal mine accidents caused by gas.
Muscarinic receptor regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells: Ca2+ requirements for phospholipase C activation

The relationship between muscarinic receptor-mediated inositol lipid hydrolysis and the generation of Ca2+ signals has been examined in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. The resting cytoplasmic calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) as determined by fura-2 fluorescence measurements was 59 +/- 2 nM. Upon the addition of oxotremorine-M, there was a 4-fold increase in [Ca2+]i (293 +/- 18 nM), with half-maximal stimulation obtained at an agonist concentration of 8 microM, a value similar to that previously observed for the enhancement of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Addition of partial muscarinic agonists for phosphoinositide turnover (bethanechol, oxo-2, and arecoline) elicited correspondingly smaller increases in [Ca2+]i than did oxotremorine-M. Inclusion of EGTA lowered the basal [Ca2+]i within 2 min and markedly reduced (greater than 60%) the magnitude of the agonist-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Addition of muscarinic agonists to SK-N-SH cells that had been prelabeled with [3H]inositol led to the rapid (5-15 sec) release of inositol mono-, bis-, and triphosphates. When assayed under conditions similar to those employed for the fluorescence measurements, EGTA also inhibited both the basal and oxotremorine-M-stimulated release of inositol phosphates by 45-61%. Conversely, ionomycin both elevated [Ca2+]i and stimulated the release of inositol phosphates. The addition of Ca2+ (10 nM-2 microM) to digitonin-permeabilized cells directly stimulated the release of labeled inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates by 3-4-fold with a half-maximal effect (EC50) observed at 145 nM free Ca2+ (Ca2+f). A further (6-fold) calcium-dependent increase in inositol phosphate release was obtained by inclusion of either guanosine-5-O-(3-thio)-trisphosphate (GTP gamma S) or oxotremorine-M. In the combined presence of agonist and GTP gamma S, a synergistic release of all three inositol phosphates occurred, with half-maximal stimulation observed at 35-40 nM Ca2+f, a value similar to the [Ca2+]i in quiescent cells. These results indicate (i) that the magnitude of the initial rise in [Ca2+]i is directly related to the production of phosphoinositide-derived second messenger molecules and (ii) that the phospholipase C-mediated breakdown of inositol lipids in SK-N-SH cells is particularly sensitive to regulation by physiologically relevant Ca2+ concentrations. It is concluded that, in SK-N-SH cells, either an elevation above or reduction below basal [Ca2+]i can modulate the extent of hydrolysis of inositol lipids and the subsequent generation of calcium signals.
Dynamic modeling and control of an intercooled absorber for post-combustion CO2 capture

Abstract A medium-order dynamic model was developed in gPROMS ® for an intercooled CO 2 absorber column with piperazine solvent. This model represents an improvement from previously published rate-based dynamic models because it uses a regressed eNRTL thermodynamic package and a liquid film mass transfer coefficient with an experimentally measured CO 2 loading dependence. Off-design simulation results were validated against a high-order steady state model, and the maximum predicted column temperature differed by less than 1.2 °C for 100–85% flue gas load. Operating the absorber at a constant liquid to gas (L/G) ratio results in favorable dynamic behavior with disturbances in flue gas load, but a commercial system will not have a reliable flue gas flow measurement. The medium-order model was used to identify a liquid phase temperature within the top bed of absorber packing as a control variable that is sensitive to changes in L/G ratio. As the flue gas load was ramped from 100% to 80%, a maximum L/G ratio deviation of 0.9% was observed when controlling the column temperature with the solvent flowrate. Feedforward control may be necessary to account for other process disturbances that influence the temperature profile and was shown to be effective at counteracting a step change in intercooling temperature.
A 256-Site 3D CMOS Microelectrode Array for Multipoint Stimulation and Recording in the Central Nervous System

This paper reports a four-channel 256-site three-dimensional (3D) microelectrode array assembly for use in multi-point neural stimulation and recording. The array is composed of multiple planar 2D multisite probes each of which includes on-chip CMOS circuitry for 3D addressing as well as per-channel 1-of-16 site selection. Optimization of the fabrication sequence enables the use of platform fuses and achieves high yield. The 3D assembly utilizes a simple serial data scheme loaded via programmable platform-based fused interconnects, making different array sizes possible. The fully-tested probes are in use mapping functional interconnections in the central nervous system.
Abstract 914: Sox10 regulates stem- and mesenchymal-like features in mammary cells

To discover mechanisms that mediate the initiation and progression of aggressive and stem-like breast cancers, we characterized signaling networks that are present in the mammary stem cells responsible for fetal and adult mammary development. These analyses identified a signaling axis between FGF signaling and the transcription factor, Sox10. Here we report that Sox10 is specifically expressed in mammary cells that exhibit the highest levels of stem/progenitor activity. This includes fetal and adult mammary cells in vivo and mammary organoids in vitro. Sox10 is functionally relevant, as its deletion reduces stem/progenitor competence, while its overexpression increases stem/progenitor activity. Intriguingly, we also discover that Sox10 overexpression elicits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mammary organoids in an FGF signaling-dependent manner. Further, modulation of Sox10 levels can induce sequential EMT, migratory, and clonogenic behaviors that strikingly resemble proposed mechanisms of metastasis. Consistent with these findings, we report that Sox10 is preferentially expressed in the most stem- and EMT-like triple negative breast cancer subtypes, which suggest that Sox10 may reprise these same functions during tumorigenesis. Indeed, we find that in an autochthonous mouse model of basal-like breast cancer, Sox10 is expressed at high levels and that these Sox10+ tumor cells exhibit characteristics that are similar to mammary cells in which Sox10 is ectopically expressed. Collectively, these results demonstrate a signaling mechanism through which stem and mesenchymal-like states are acquired in mammary cells, and indicate possible therapeutic targets to counter these functions in breast cancers for which targeted therapies are currently unavailable. Citation Format: Christopher Dravis, Geoffrey M. Wahl. Sox10 regulates stem- and mesenchymal-like features in mammary cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 914.
Universal fragment descriptors for predicting properties of inorganic crystals

Machine learning methods can be useful for materials discovery; however certain properties remain difficult to predict. Here, the authors present a universal machine learning approach for modelling the properties of inorganic crystals, which is validated for eight electro…
A prior-based integrative framework for functional transcriptional regulatory network inference

Transcriptional regulatory networks specify regulatory proteins controlling the context-specific expression levels of genes. Inference of genome-wide regulatory networks is central to understanding gene regulation, but remains an open challenge. Expression-based network inference is among the most popular methods to infer regulatory networks, however, networks inferred from such methods have low overlap with experimentally derived (e.g. ChIP-chip and transcription factor (TF) knockouts) networks. Currently we have a limited understanding of this discrepancy. To address this gap, we first develop a regulatory network inference algorithm, based on probabilistic graphical models, to integrate expression with auxiliary datasets supporting a regulatory edge. Second, we comprehensively analyze our and other state-of-the-art methods on different expression perturbation datasets. Networks inferred by integrating sequence-specific motifs with expression have substantially greater agreement with experimentally derived networks, while remaining more predictive of expression than motif-based networks. Our analysis suggests natural genetic variation as the most informative perturbation for network inference, and, identifies core TFs whose targets are predictable from expression. Multiple reasons make the identification of targets of other TFs difficult, including network architecture and insufficient variation of TF mRNA level. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our inference algorithm to infer stress-specific regulatory networks and for regulator prioritization.
Genome-Wide Epigenetic Analysis of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) In Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract 3640 Background & Aims: The hypothesis that cancer is driven by Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs or Cancer-Initiating Cell) has recently attracted a great deal of attention. Epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation and histone modification play an important role in cancer cells and also in normal stem cells. However, their role remains unclear in CSCs. We sought to determine if CSCs have distinct epigenetic patterns in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Peripheral blood samples in AML patients were separated to obtain stem cells (CD34+CD38-) and progenitor cells (CD34+CD38+) by magnetic cell sorting (MACS®, Myltenyi biotec). To study DNA methylation in CSCs in AML, we performed genome wide screening using methylated CpG island microarray (MCAM), which detects 7202 promoter CpG islands, 1348 non-promoter CpG islands, and 632 non-CpG island promoter methylation. MCAM was performed on 4 AML patient samples Next, we evaluated the methylation status of 7 genes which showed apparent higher DNA methylation in stem cells or progenitor cells in MCAM analysis, using a quantitative bisulfite-pyrosequencing for each population of stem cell, progenitor cell, and mature cells (CD34-) from peripheral blood samples in 6 AML patients. For histone modification analysis, we used Chromation immuprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) for stem cell and progenitor cell populations for H3K4me3 which is known to be a marker for activated genes. Results: By MCAM, we found minimal differences between stem cells and progenitor cells present in 2 out of 4 AML patients. Those few genes (<1%) which were shown to have higher DNA methylation in stem or progenitor cells by MCAM analysis were likely false positives, as no significant difference was found when analyzed by quantitative bisulfite-pyrosequencing. DNA methylation status for stem cell-related gene (OCT4, SOX2, MYC, HOXB4, and KLF4) also showed no significant difference. By ChIP-seq analysis, we found differences in 2362 genes between stem cells and progenitor cells. In stem cells, H3K4me3 was enriched in genes (Bmi1, Notch1, Wnt1, and etc) which are known to be important for stem cell function, but they were not enriched in the progenitor cell population. In pathway analysis of the H3K4me3 data, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor signaling, NFkB signaling, and p53 signaling are found to be enriched specifically in the stem cell population whereas Cellular Growth and Cell Cycle, and DNA Damage Response signaling are found in the progenitor cell population. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in DNA methylation between stem cell, progenitor cell or mature cell populations in AML. DNA methylation of promoter CpG islands is unlikely to explain tumor hierarchy in AML. Rather, histone modifications seem to have a greater significance in this regard. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
An Ethical Justification for Termination of Resuscitation Protocols for Pediatric Patients.

ObjectiveThe aim of this article was to compare specific characteristics and outcomes among adult and pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients to show that the existing literature warrants the design and implementation of pediatric studies that would specifically evaluate termination
The Atmospheric Aerosol

An understanding of the cloud forming processes in the atmosphere requires knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of the atmospheric- aerosol. In discussing this gaseous suspension of solid and liquid particles, it is customary to include all gases except water vapor, and all solid and liquid particles except hydrometeors, i.e., cloud and raindrops, and ice particles. In the present chapter we shall present a brief discussion of the characteristics of the gaseous constituents followed by a more detailed description of the main physical and chemical characteristics of the aerosol particles. For background on the subjects covered, the reader is referred to the texts of Rasool (1973), Butcher and Charlson (1972), Hidy (1972), McCormac (1971), Matthews et al. (1971), Hidy and Brock (1970), Singer (1970), Stern (1968). Davies (1966), Fuchs (1964), Green and Lane (1964), Junge (1963a), Cadle (1961, 1966); to the survey reports SMIC (1971), SCEF (1970), and Robinson and Robbins (1968, 1969, 1971); and to the survey articles by Junge (1969a, 1971. 1972a,b,c, 1974). Most of the data on which this chapter is based are derived from these sources.
Re-mapping the Borders of Imperial Health: The World Health Organization and the International Politics of Regionalization in French North Africa, 1945–1956

This chapter looks at the controversy surrounding the assignment of Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria to one of the World Health Organization’s Regional Offices. Various countries from the Eastern Mediterranean Region—Egypt in particular—made the claim that in terms of culture and health issues, these countries naturally formed part of the same region as the countries of the Middle East. The French colonial administration, however, argued that these territories, with their long-standing connections to Europe, would be better suited for admission to the Europe Region of the Organization. By exploring the politics of health and regional belonging in the 1940s and 1950s, this chapter argues that in many cases, colonial politics trumped actual health data when it came to re-mapping the borders of health regions in this period. This chapter draws on official documents of the World Health Organization as well as archival materials from the French Diplomatic Archives.
Assessing the practice of biomedical ontology evaluation: Gaps and opportunities

With the proliferation of heterogeneous health care data in the last three decades, biomedical ontologies and controlled biomedical terminologies play a more and more important role in knowledge representation and management, data integration, natural language processing, as well as decision support for health information systems and biomedical research. Biomedical ontologies and controlled terminologies are intended to assure interoperability. Nevertheless, the quality of biomedical ontologies has hindered their applicability and subsequent adoption in real-world applications. Ontology evaluation is an integral part of ontology development and maintenance. In the biomedicine domain, ontology evaluation is often conducted by third parties as a quality assurance (or auditing) effort that focuses on identifying modeling errors and inconsistencies. In this work, we first organized four categorical schemes of ontology evaluation methods in the existing literature to create an integrated taxonomy. Further, to understand the ontology evaluation practice in the biomedicine domain, we reviewed a sample of 200 ontologies from the National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO) BioPortal-the largest repository for biomedical ontologies-and observed that only 15 of these ontologies have documented evaluation in their corresponding inception papers. We then surveyed the recent quality assurance approaches for biomedical ontologies and their use. We also mapped these quality assurance approaches to the ontology evaluation criteria. It is our anticipation that ontology evaluation and quality assurance approaches will be more widely adopted in the development life cycle of biomedical ontologies.
Die Erste Stunde (The first hour)

I recall my “first hour” events following on my meeting in Fall 1968 in the classroom with my academic teacher and thesis mentor Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. multiple Walter Greiner. My comments focus on the creation of the new “strong fields” domain of physics in Frankfurt. I argue that this was the research field closest to Walter’s heart during his lustrous academic career. I will describe the events that led on to Greiner’s course books, Walter’s actions leading to the rise of Frankfurt School of Theoretical Physics, and show how a stability principle defined his science.