cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis, design, and performance limitations of H/sub 2/ optimal filtering in the presence of an additional input with known frequency

The standard H/sub 2/ optimal filtering problem considers the estimation of a certain output based on the measured output when the input is a zero mean white noise stochastic process of known intensity. In this paper, the inputs are considered to be of two types. The first type of input, as in standard H/sub 2/ optimal filtering, is a zero mean wide sense stationary white noise, while the second type is a linear combination of sinusoidal signals each of which has an unknown amplitude and phase but known frequency. Under such inputs, a generalized H/sub 2/ optimal filtering problem is formulated here. As in the standard H/sub 2/ optimal filtering problem, the generalized H/sub 2/ optimal filtering problem seeks to find a linear stable unbiased filter (called the generalized H/sub 2/ optimal filter) that estimates a desired output while utilizing the measured output such that the H/sub 2/ norm of the transfer matrix from the white noise input to the estimation error is minimized. The analysis, design, and performance limitations of generalized H/sub 2/ optimal filters are presented here.
Electric utility considerations for circuit breaker monitoring

Circuit breaker monitoring can be accomplished in many ways. Electric utilities should give careful consideration to various aspects when developing an overall strategy for circuit breaker monitoring. Consideration should be given to the objectives to be accomplished, the different monitoring equipment available, information available to determine what to monitor, and expectations of benefits as a result of circuit breaker monitoring. This paper attempts to briefly discuss these various aspects.
Sustainability and Urban Greenways: Indicators in Indianapolis

Abstract Sustainability has emerged as a major theme in planning. Urban environmental planners frequently recommend greenways as one approach to making places greener, healthier, and more livable. This case study examines whether the greenways system in Indianapolis, Indiana, is sustainable using a framework based on six principles of sustainability recently proposed in the planning literature. Goals of the green-ways master plan are linked to principles of sustainability, and indicators from an ad hoc set of empirical studies of the greenways are used to assess progress towards goals and sustain-ability. Planners can apply this framework elsewhere by linking goals developed in local planning processes to these principles, using available information to develop indicators, and, as part of continuing, iterative planning processes, designing data collection programs that yield more comprehensive sets of indicators over time.
Village "Contracts" in Tokugawa Japan: Fifty Specimens with English Translations and Comments

There are assembled here the Japanese (sorobun) originals and English translations of over fifty private agreements, mostly dating from the 19th century and selected from eighteen different villages scattered about the main island of Japan. Their subject matter has been classified into fifteen categories for convenience: water rights, land sales, boundary lines, commons, loans with or without interest, loans with or without various kinds of security, personal services, agreements concerning family relations (such as dowry, retirement, succession, sale-of-daughter, and prenuptial agreements), agreements concerning the headman's selection and performance, inter-village agreements, dispute settlement agreements, and apology agreements.This volume will be of interest to historians, students of Japanese law, culture, and history, anthropologists, as well as anyone interested in Japan in the Edo period.
Chloride transport in fly ash and glass powder modified concretes - Influence of test methods on microstructure

This paper discusses the influence of rapid chloride transport test methods on the microstructure and the measured chloride penetration resistance of concretes containing fly ash or fine glass powder as partial cement replacement materials. Rapid chloride permeability (RCP), non-steady-state migration (NSSM), and steady state conduction (SSC) tests are performed on plain and modified concretes. The glass powder modified concretes demonstrate similar or lower RCP values as compared to the fly ash modified concretes of the same cement replacement level whereas the steady state conductivities are lower for the fly ash modified mixtures. The NSSM coefficients are lower for the fly ash modified concretes even when the initial conductivities are similar to those of plain or glass powder modified concretes. Chloride binding under the conditions of NSSM test, that influence the microstructure and the transport parameter, is quantified using thermal analysis and XRD patterns as well as an electrical circuit model for the impedance response. The resistance of connected pores (Rc) extracted from the model adequately captures the changes in microstructure with time and with chloride transport. The changes in Rc between the start and finish of the NSSM test also indicate microstructural alteration in fly ash modified concretes.
A Causal-Correlational Test of the Porter and Lawler Framework

It has been nearly a decade since the publication of Managerial Attitudes and Performance by Porter and Lawler. While numerous studies have tested portions of the Porter and Lawler framework, not one investigation has systematically examined the entire model. The present research, employing a comprehensive approach to model validation, presents data which are supportive.
The Graying of America and Support for Funding the Nation’s Schools

Surveys spanning more than 35 years show that older Americans are less likely than younger citizens to endorse increased spending on public schools. The conventional explanation for this gen- erational cleavage presumes that citizens' interests change as they approach or transition into retirement-the absence of school-age children and fixed incomes combine to lower their interest in supporting spending increases for public education. We show that the conventional wisdom is incorrect, based on a confusion of age and cohort effects. Cohort-period analysis shows that every cohort becomes more supportive of educational spending, rather than less, as they reach their 60s and 70s. The implica- tions are important, for they suggest that the predicted "gray peril" to edu- cational spending will not occur. Rather, our results suggest that public support for educational spending will continue its remarkable rise. There is no more enduring political cleavage in America than the generation gap concerning school funding. An examination of national polls spanning more than 35 years shows that older Americans are more likely to endorse lower spending on public schools and less likely to support spending increases. A sample of polls fielded by Harris, Gallup, National Opinion Research Center (NORC), and the Center for Political Studies are summarized in table 1. They show a pattern that we also find in dozens of state and local surveys that have used a wide range of question wordings: by every measure, seniors are consid- erably less supportive of educational spending than younger citizens. This generation gap is evident if the question asks about local spending (Chew 1992), state spending, federal spending (Vinovskis 1993), or spending in general without any government referent in the question (Ponza et al.
RCS—a system for version control

An important problem in program development and maintenance is version con- trol, i.e., the task of keeping a software system consisting of many versions and configurations well organized. The Revision Control System (RCS) is a software tool that assists with that task. RCS manages revisions of text documents, in particular source programs, documentation, and test data. It automates the storing, retrieval, log- ging and identification of revisions, and it provides selection mechanisms for composing configurations. This paper introduces basic version control concepts and discusses the practice of version control using RCS. For conserving space, RCS stores deltas, i.e., differences between successive revisions. Several delta storage methods are discussed. Usage statistics show that RCS's delta storage method is space and time efficient. The paper concludes with a detailed survey of version control tools.
Contract-based verification and test case generation for open systems

Current practices in software development heavily emphasize the development of reusable and modular software, which allow software components to be developed and maintained independently. While a component-oriented approach offers a number of benefits, it presents several quality assurance challenges including validating the correctness of individual components as well as their integration. Design-by-contract (DBC) offers a promising solution that emphasizes precisely defined and checkable interface specifications for software components. However, existing tools for the DBC paradigm often have some weaknesses: (1) they have difficulty in dealing with dynamically allocated data; (2) specification and checking efforts are disconnected from quality assurance tools; and (3) user feedback is quite poor. We present Kiasan, a framework that synergistically combines a number of automated reasoning techniques including symbolic execution, model checking, theorem proving, and constraint solving to support design-by-contract reasoning of object-oriented programs written in languages such as Java and C#. Compared to existing approaches to Java contract verification, Kiasan can check much stronger behavioral properties of object-oriented software including properties that make extensive use of heap-allocated data and provide stronger coverage guarantees. In addition, Kiasan naturally generates counter examples illustrating contract violations, visualization of code effects, and JUnit test cases that are driven by code and user-supplied specifications. Coverage/-cost trade-offs are controlled by user-specified bounds on the length of heap-reference chains and number of loop iterations. Kiasan's unit test case generation facilities compare very favorably with similar tools. Finally, in contrast to other approaches based on symbolic execution, Kiasan has a rigorous foundation: we have shown that Kiasan is relatively sound and complete and the test case generation algorithm is sound.
Recent, Present, and Future Health of American Adults

Across the days and years of an individual's lifetime, health is a highly dynamic experience. The acute and chronic problems that course through life disappear or remit, appear once only or repeat, worsen or stabilize. Over a lifetime, chronic problems can simply accumulate in number, operating independently of each other, or they can interact synergistically to cause symptoms and increase the risk of further health problems. Morbidity in­ fluences physical and social functionirig, happiness and anxiety , across days and years of life. Disability , too, is dynamic; often it is temporary but occasionally permanent. Individual dynamics of morbidity aggregate into population health statistics, which shift over time in conjunction with wide­ spread changes in individuals' health experiences. Common sense tells us that morbidity, disability, and mortality are linked, both on an individual and a population basis. But the links between them are not necessarily simple or closely timed . For example, many chronic con­ ditions cause disability but not death (e.g. arthritis , blindness). Mortality can occur without prior morbidity or disability (e.g. immediate death from auto accident, heart attack without prior symptoms or diagnosis). Disability from chronic illness can be deterred by medical, rehabilitation, and lifestyle in­ terventions. Chronic problems can accrete, but death be stayed until the onset of a final , triggering ailment. And, as I discuss in this article, aggregate changes in mortality can have pernicious implications for population morbid­ ity (longer life but worsening health). The recent declines in mortality rates in the US and other developed countries , concentrated among older persons, have prompted careful con­ sideration of links among morbidity , disability , and mortality . Typically , we
Examining early-type galaxy scaling relations using simple dynamical models

We use dynamical models that include bulk rotation, velocity dispersion anisotropy and both stars and dark matter to explore the conditions that give rise to the early-type galaxy scaling relations referred to as the Fundamental Plane (FP) and Manifold (FM). The modelled scaling relations generally match the observed relations and are remarkably robust to all changes allowed within these models. The empirical relationships can fail beyond the parameter ranges where they were calibrated and we discuss the nature of those failures. Because the location of individual models relative to the FP and FM is sensitive to the adopted physical scaling of the models, unconstrained rescaling produces a much larger scatter about the scaling relations than that observed. We conclude that only certain combinations of scaling values, which define the physical radial and kinematic scale of the model, produce low scatter versions of the FP and FM. These combinations further result in reproducing a condition observed previously for galaxies, $r_c \rho_0 = $ constant, where $r_c$ is the scaling radius and $\rho_0$ is the central density. As such, we conclude that this empirical finding and global galaxy scaling relations are not independent and that finding the physical cause of one should lead to the solution to the other. Although our models are strictly for pressure supported galaxies, these results may well hold generally because the central density constraint was first identified in dwarf spheroidals but later extended to rotating giant galaxies and the FM applies to galaxies of any morphological type and luminosity class.
Development of an algorithm to identify fall-related injuries and costs in Medicare data

Identifying fall-related injuries and costs using healthcare claims data is cost-effective and easier to implement than using medical records or patient self-report to track falls. We developed a comprehensive four-step algorithm for identifying episodes of care for fall-related injuries and associated costs, using fee-for-service Medicare and Medicare Advantage health plan claims data for 2,011 patients from 5 medical groups between 2005 and 2009. First, as a preparatory step, we identified care received in acute inpatient and skilled nursing facility settings, in addition to emergency department visits. Second, based on diagnosis and procedure codes, we identified all fall-related claim records. Third, with these records, we identified six types of encounters for fall-related injuries, with different levels of injury and care. In the final step, we used these encounters to identify episodes of care for fall-related injuries. To illustrate the algorithm, we present a representative example of a fall episode and examine descriptive statistics of injuries and costs for such episodes. Altogether, we found that the results support the use of our algorithm for identifying episodes of care for fall-related injuries. When we decomposed an episode, we found that the details present a realistic and coherent story of fall-related injuries and healthcare services. Variation of episode characteristics across medical groups supported the use of a complex algorithm approach, and descriptive statistics on the proportion, duration, and cost of episodes by healthcare services and injuries verified that our results are consistent with other studies. This algorithm can be used to identify and analyze various types of fall-related outcomes including episodes of care, injuries, and associated costs. Furthermore, the algorithm can be applied and adopted in other fall-related studies with relative ease.
FAMILIAL AGGREGATION OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL, HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND TOTAL TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN PLASMA

Familial aggregation of plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride was assessed on the basis of 139 white families consisting of the parents and one child, 16-18 years of age, drawn from families who had previously participated in the Collaborative Perinatal Health Study at Boston Hospital for Women in 1959-1968. The level of these lipids in the child was highly correlated with the average parental value for the respective lipids (cholesterol r=0.43, HDL-Cr = 0.36, triglyceride r = 0.42, with p < 0.001 for each). These correlations could not be explained by ponderosity. Parental values were not mutually correlated.
Alcoholic vs non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats: distinct differences in endocytosis and vesicle trafficking despite similar pathology

Non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD and AFLD, respectively) are major health problems, as patients with either condition can progress to hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Although histologically similar, key differences likely exist in these two models. For example, altered content of several vesicle trafficking proteins have been identified in AFLD, but their content in NAFLD is unknown. In this study, we compared select parameters in NAFLD and AFLD in a rat model. We fed either Lieber- DeCarli liquid control or alcohol-containing (35 % as calories) diet (AFLD model) or lean or high-fat (12 or 60 % derived from fat, respectively) pellets (NAFLD model) for 8–10 weeks, n = 8 in each model. Serum, hepatocytes and liver tissue were analyzed. Liver injury markers were measured in serum, triglyceride content and endocytosis (binding and internalization of 125I- asialoorosomucoid) was measured in isolated hepatocytes, and content of selected trafficking proteins (Rab3D, Rab7 and Rab18) were determined in whole liver tissue. Although liver injury markers and triglyceride content were similar in both models, binding and internalization of 125I- asialoorosomucoid was significantly impaired in the hepatocytes from AFLD, but not NAFLD, animals. In addition, protein content of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and three trafficking proteins, Rab3D, Rab7and Rab18, were significantly decreased after alcohol, but not high-fat feeding. Levels of protein carbonylation, amount of glutathione stores, and lipid peroxidation were similar irrespective of the insult to the livers that resulted in fatty liver. Impairments in protein trafficking in AFLD are likely a direct result of alcohol administration, and not a function of fatty liver.
Effective teaching of endoscopy: a qualitative study of the perceptions of gastroenterology fellows and attending gastroenterologists

Background: There is little information describing the perceptions of gastroenterology fellows and attending gastroenterologists of what constitutes effective teaching of endoscopy. We sought to identify common themes regarding endoscopy training methods and their impact among fellows and attendings. Methods: Focus group exercises and surveys were conducted among fellows, about educational resources, teaching techniques and ways of improving the teaching of endoscopy. The fellows identified the ‘best' teachers of endoscopy, who were interviewed regarding their training in endoscopy, their teaching methods, key points of information, and opinions on endoscopy curriculum. Results: Nineteen fellows (68%) had attended the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy First Year Fellows’ Endoscopy course and found it very helpful. Thirteen fellows(46%) had exposure to an endoscopy simulator, but their median duration of use was only 1 hour. Only two out of five fellowship programs used a formal endoscopic skill assessment tool and none of the programs had an endoscopy curriculum of which the fellows were aware. Fellows reported that they learned endoscopy best by performing procedures. They also volunteered that attending gastroenterologists used variable teaching methods, and might benefit from instruction on how to teach endoscopy. Ten attending gastroenterologists (77%) had received training in advanced procedures; none received formal training on teaching endoscopy: they all felt that such training would be beneficial. Conclusions: A standardized endoscopy curriculum may be beneficial to fellows, who prefer to learn endoscopy by performing procedures—but they want explicit and specific instruction. Both those attending and the fellows thought that formal instruction for attending gastroenterologists on how to teach endoscopy would be beneficial, indicating a role for a ‘teach-the-teacher' curriculum.
Sample size calculation for testing differences between cure rates with the optimal log-rank test

In this article, sample size calculations are developed for use when the main interest is in the differences between the cure rates of two groups. Following the work of Ewell and Ibrahim, the asymptotic distribution of the weighted log-rank test is derived under the local alternative. The optimal log-rank test under the proportional distributions alternative is discussed, and sample size formulas for the optimal and standard log-rank tests are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed formulas provide adequate sample size estimation for trial designs and that the optimal log-rank test is more efficient than the standard log-rank test, particularly when both cure rates and percentages of censoring are small.
Effect of Mechanical Ventilation with Positive end Expiratory Pressure of Moderate Low Tidal Volume on Children with Congenital Heart Disease Complicated Severe Pneumonia

Objective To evaluate the application of mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP) of mode- rate low tidal volume on children with congenital heart diseases complicated with severe pneumonia.Methods Clinical data of 90 pe- diatric patients in PICU with congenital heart disease complicated with severe pneumonia were collected and divided into 2 groups according to with(30 cases)or without(60 cases) mechanical ventilation.PEEP of moderate low tidal volume was applied in mechanical ventilation.The clinical data of blood-air analysis rectification time of pH,pa(O 2),pa(CO 2),incidence rate of MODS,length of stay,case-fatality rate were collected.Results The patients treated with mechanical ventilation were significantly excellent compared with the other group in reversal of acidosis,hypoxemia,hypercapnia(P0.01),and there was significantly difference in the rate of incidence and fatality of MODS(P0.05).There was no significant difference in the average length of hospital stay between two groups(P 0.05). Conclusion Mechanical ventilation with PEEP of moderate low tidal volume is effective in treatment of children with congenital heart diseases complicated with severe pneumonia and can decrease the incidence rate and fatality rate of MODS.
Neurophysiologic control of lower urinary tract

Current concepts in neurophysiology are discussed, with emphasis on neurotransmitters and electrodiagnosis. Specific neuronal mechanisms governing urine storage and expulsion are presented followed by clinical considerations of various neuronal dysfunctions.
Professional Academic Societies: Stewards of the Future

ABSTRACTAcademic disciplines are vulnerable in the 21st century to the forces Barnett called supercomplexity, and we argue that academic societies such as the National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education are especially well positioned to prepare 21st century scholars to respond to contemporary changes in the disciplines and in institutions of higher education. Academic societies can respond by helping to train scholars to be stewards of their disciplines, and the means by which disciplines will do so is to focus on the character of the scholar through the development and reinforcement of specific virtues. Following the arguments of Plato, Ernest Boyer, and Alasdair MacIntyre, we argue that the development of stewards can help kinesiology respond to contemporary issues.
How Receptive Are Patients With Late Stage Cancer to Rehabilitation Services and What Are the Sources of Their Resistance

Abstract Objective To describe the proportion and characteristics of patients with late stage cancer that are and are not receptive to receiving rehabilitation services, and the rationale for their level of interest. Design Prospective mixed-methods study. Setting Comprehensive cancer center in a quaternary medical center. Participants Adults with stage IIIC or IV non–small cell or extensive stage small cell lung cancer (N=311). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Telephone-acquired responses to the administration of (1) the Activity Measure for Post Acute Care Computer Adaptive Test (AM-PAC-CAT); (2) numerical rating scales for pain, dyspnea, fatigue, general emotional distress, and distress associated with functional limitations; (3) a query regarding receptivity to receipt of rehabilitation services, and (4) a query about rationale for nonreceptivity. Results Overall, 99 (31.8%) of the study's 311 participants expressed interest in receiving rehabilitation services: 38 at the time of enrollment and an additional 61 during at least 1 subsequent contact. Participants expressing interest were more likely to have a child as primary caregiver (18.18% vs 9.91%, P =.04) and a musculoskeletal comorbidity (42.4% vs 31.6%, P =.05). Function-related distress was highly associated with receptivity, as were lower AM-PAC-CAT scores. Reasons provided for lack of interest in receiving services included a perception of their limited benefit, being too busy, and prioritization below more pressing tasks/concerns. Conclusions One-third of patients with late stage lung cancer are likely to be interested in receiving rehabilitation services despite high levels of disability and related distress. These findings suggest that patient misperception of the role of rehabilitation services may be a barrier to improved function and quality of life. Efforts to educate patients on the benefits of rehabilitation and to more formally integrate rehabilitation as part of comprehensive care may curb these missed opportunities.
Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Triplet 1,3-Dimethylpropynylidene (MeC3Me)

Photolysis (λ > 472 nm) of 2-diazo-3-pentyne (11) affords triplet 1,3-dimethylpropynylidene (MeC3Me, 33), which was characterized spectroscopically in cryogenic matrices. The infrared, electronic absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of MeC3Me (33) are compared with those of the parent system (HC3H) to ascertain the effect of alkyl substituents on delocalized carbon chains of this type. Quantum chemical calculations (CCSD(T)/ANO1) predict an unsymmetrical equilibrium structure for triplet MeC3Me (33), but they also reveal a very shallow potential energy surface. The experimental IR spectrum of triplet MeC3Me (33) is best interpreted in terms of a quasilinear, axially symmetric structure. EPR spectra yield zero-field splitting parameters that are typical for triplet carbenes with axial symmetry (|D/hc| = 0.63 cm–1, |E/hc| = ∼ 0 cm–1), while theoretical analysis suggests that the methyl substituents confer significant spin polarization to the carbon chain. Upon irradiation into the near-UV...
Non-Traditional Women's Group

This paper focuses on an intensive large group experience for women that addresses issues of female identity and the cultural constructs that contribute to women's basic experience of self. It includes a discussion of self-concept and the social constructionist theory of the social, emotional, and psychological processes of the development of an individual's view of herself and the world. The author contrasts aspects of traditional group psychotherapy leadership, which tends to perpetuate society's devaluation of the feminine, with the leadership style of this workshop. The use of story and metaphor and other techniques used to achieve the workshop goals--including narrative therapy, guided imagery, movement and dance, and ritual enactment--are also discussed.
Amplectoductina. A New Foraminiferal Genus in the Siphogenerinoididae

Amplectoductina. a new genus of the Tubulogenerininae. is distinguished by its entirely uniserial chamber arrangement. The type of the new genus is Amplectoductina Carnatolintra.
The Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure

The fluid mosaic model had its origins in an analysis of the equilibrium thermodynamics of membrane systems, which led to the suggestion that the integral proteins of membranes are amphipathic molecules. This thermodynamic analysis continues to have considerable explanatory and predictive power for problems of membrane structure and function. In this paper, the analysis is applied to explain or predict the relatively hydrophobic amino acid composition of integral proteins, their large content of a-helical secondary structure, the characteristics of the short-range interactions of lipids and integral proteins, the molecular asymmetry of the integral proteins and phospholipids of membranes, the possible biogenesis of such asymmetry, and the mechanisms of transport of small ionic and polar molecules through membranes.
Forward leaning alters gait initiation only at extreme anterior postural positions.

Abstract We investigated the impact of initial body position on the displacement and velocity of center of pressure adjustments made during gait initiation. Twenty-nine healthy adults (21 ± 1y) initiated forward gait following six seconds of sustained forward posture based on percentage of their forward maximum voluntary lean (0, 5, 10, 20, 50%). Final center of pressure positions for each trial were back-calculated, as a percentage of maximum voluntary lean, using average anteroposterior constant error to the target during the last second of feedback. Scores were aggregated into percentage bands for analysis: Band 1 = −2–4.99%; Band 2 = 5–8.99%; Band 3 = 9–17.99%; Band 4 = 18–29%; Band 5 = 44–54%. Center of pressure displacement and velocity were evaluated during the decoupling, weight shift, and step initiation phases of gait initiation. Subsequent stepping parameters were also compared. During the decoupling phase, greater posterior displacement was observed in band 5 trials compared to 1, 2, and 3, and greater posterior velocity was found for band 5 compared to 1 and 3. During the weight shift phase, greater resultant displacement was found for band 5 compared to 3 and greater resultant velocity for band 5 compared to 2, 3, and 4. During step initiation, participants produced greater anterior displacement and resultant velocity during band 1, 2, and 3 compared to 5. Participants demonstrated greater swing step length and stance step time during band 5 trials compared to 3. These results suggest that only anterior postural positions greater than 44% of a person’s maximum voluntary lean systematically alter spatiotemporal and kinematic indices of forward gait initiation in healthy populations. We discuss the conceptual implications of this work with respect to previous behavioral interventions.
People with Hemianopia Report Difficulty with TV, Computer, Cinema Use, and Photography.

SIGNIFICANCE Our survey found that participants with hemianopia report more difficulties watching video in various formats, including television (TV), on computers, and in a movie theater, compared with participants with normal vision (NV). These reported difficulties were not as marked as those reported by people with central vision loss. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to survey the viewing experience (e.g., frequency, difficulty) of viewing video on TV, computers and portable visual display devices, and at the cinema of people with hemianopia and NV. This information may guide vision rehabilitation. METHODS We administered a cross-sectional survey to investigate the viewing habits of people with hemianopia (n = 91) or NV (n = 192). The survey, consisting of 22 items, was administered either in person or in a telephone interview. Descriptive statistics are reported. RESULTS There were five major differences between the hemianopia and NV groups. Many participants with hemianopia reported (1) at least "some" difficulty watching TV (39/82); (2) at least "some" difficulty watching video on a computer (16/62); (3) never attending the cinema (30/87); (4) at least some difficulty watching movies in the cinema (20/56), among those who did attend the cinema; and (5) never taking photographs (24/80). Some people with hemianopia reported methods that they used to help them watch video, including video playback and head turn. CONCLUSIONS Although people with hemianopia report more difficulty with viewing video on TV and at the cinema, we are not aware of any rehabilitation methods specifically designed to assist people with hemianopia to watch video. The results of this survey may guide future vision rehabilitation.
Age-related Decline of Visual Working Memory: Behavioral Results Simulated with a Dynamic Neural Field Model.

Visual working memory (VWM) is essential for executive function and is known to be compromised in older adults. Yet, the cognitive and neural processes associated with these age-related changes rem...
Penile Prosthesis Corporotomy Closure: A New Technique

A new technique for corporotomy closure during penile prosthesis implantation is described. Horizontal mattress sutures placed after the corpus cavernosum is opened serve first as stay sutures and then are used to close the corporotomy after device implantation. This technique eliminates placing stay sutures as a separate step, avoids damage to the prosthesis and provides an aesthetic horizontal mattress closure.
Sclerosing Adenosis and the Risk of Invasive Breast Carcinoma

Sclerosing adenosis recently has been implicated as an indicator of mildly increased risk for invasive mammary carcinoma. This article illustrates the confines of definition and morphologic spectrum for sclerosing adenosis, discusses its association with other histologic findings in the breast, and reviews the recently accumulated evidence for inclusion of sclerosing adenosis as an increased risk lesion.
Effect of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Courses on MSN and DNP Students' Use of EBP.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of evidence-based practice (EBP) courses on nursing students' attitudes, perceived support from their professional network, self-efficacy, knowledge, and implementation of EBP. Design This study utilized a two-group, pre- and posttest design with 190 Masters of Science in Nursing (MSN) and 37 Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) students. Methods An EBP instrument based on the theory of planned behavior was administered both before and after the EBP course (the intervention). Findings Both the pre- and posttest were completed by 126 students for a 56% response rate. No significant differences between the MSN (n = 102) and DNP (n = 24) students were found in precourse scores on any of the subscales except behavior, with the DNP students reporting they performed more EBP behaviors in the clinical setting. Overall, student scores on three of the four subscales of the EBP instrument (attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior) significantly increased pre- to postcourse. The self-efficacy subscale demonstrated the greatest pre- to postcourse change scores. When the DNP and MSN students were compared, change scores on attitudes and self-efficacy remained significant in both groups. There was a significant positive change in EBP behavior only for the MSN students. Knowledge scores increased significantly only for the DNP students. Linking evidence to action EBP courses can increase self-reported EBP behaviors in the clinical setting, especially in MSN students. A precourse student evaluation will help faculty determine their learning needs in order to develop appropriate learning activities to support their acquisition of the essential knowledge, skills, and abilities to use EBP in the clinical setting. Administering the same evaluation postcourse can help faculty evaluate the effectiveness of their teaching. As a result, advanced practice nurses will be better equipped to facilitate and promote the implementation of EBP to support high-quality care and improved health outcomes.
Sjögren's syndrome in children with recurrent parotitis.

Abstract Objective Optimize the diagnosis of pediatric Sjogren's syndrome in children who present with parotitis. Methods Twenty children presented to a pediatric otolaryngology or rheumatology clinic with recurrent parotitis. Presenting symptoms, serologies, sialendoscopy findings, and minor salivary gland biopsy pathology results were reviewed. Results Twenty patients aged 3–17 years presented with recurrent parotitis. Ten percent of this cohort met the American-European Consensus Group adult diagnostic criteria for Sjogren's syndrome. Forty percent of this cohort met diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome when utilizing Bartunkova's proposed pediatric criteria for diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. Conclusion Sjogren's syndrome is surprisingly common in pediatric patients who present with recurrent parotitis. Otolaryngologists who treat pediatric parotitis should have a high index of suspicion for Sjogren's syndrome. Level of Evidence 4.
Precarity as Resistance and Cultural Solidarity

This discursive paper uses the work of Freire and others to propose a critical pedagogy for precarity which is grounded in forms of radical (post)politics. A critical pedagogy for precarity is proposed that calls for a replacement of, or synthesis with, the UK government’s employability in HE agenda. Through the conscientisation of prospective graduates towards a ‘being-with-the-world’ and the associated mental habits and bodily practices that focus on the principles of a Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE), solidarity, reciprocity and sustainability, as a response to precarity, is possible by creating local solidarity-based associational spaces for critical education and praxis, we advocate for critical pedagogical practices alongside more opportunities for collective action that engender solidarity, reciprocity and sustainability in graduates’ bodily practices and modes of thinking and being, through a critical pedagogy that facilitates cultural action for freedom, self-help and collective forms of social provisioning of biological and social needs: housing, food, energy production, social caring and welfare needs in general.
Genome-Wide Association Study and Subsequent Exclusion of ATCAY as a Candidate Gene Involved in Equine Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Using Two Animal Models.

Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. Clinical signs of neurological deficits develop within the first year of life in vitamin E (vitE) deficient horses. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using 670,000 SNP markers in 27 case and 42 control Quarter Horses. Two markers, encompassing a 2.5 Mb region on ECA7, were associated with the phenotype (p = 2.05 × 10-7 and 4.72 × 10-6). Within this region, caytaxin (ATCAY) was identified as a candidate gene due to its known role in Cayman Ataxia and ataxic/dystonic phenotypes in mouse models. Whole-genome sequence data in four eNAD/EDM and five unaffected horses identified 199 associated variants within the ECA7 region. MassARRAY® genotyping was performed on these variants within the GWAS population. The three variants within ATCAY were not concordant with the disease phenotype. No difference in expression or alternative splicing was identified using qRT-PCR in brainstem across the ATCAY transcript. Atcayji-hes mice were then used to conduct functional analysis in a second animal model. Histologic lesions were not identified in the central nervous system of Atcayji-hes mice. Additionally, supplementation of homozygous Atcayji-hes mice with 600 IU/day of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (vitE) during gestation, lactation, and adulthood did not improve the phenotype. ATCAY has therefore been excluded as a candidate gene for eNAD/EDM.
Contextualizing Barriers to Help-Seeking After Sexual Violence: A Critical Feminist Study With Latinx College Women:

This article is a critical feminist study focusing on illustrating how college students who identify as Latinx and women perceive barriers to help-seeking should they experience sexual violence. Wi...
Architectural Considerations for Blockchain Based Systems for Financial Transactions

Abstract Systems supporting financial dealings at an enterprise scale must be able to handle large volumes of transactions in a secure manner while maintaining high level of operational availability. These systems must also have the flexibility to interface with many third-party applications with ease. In this paper we explore these architectural considerations for systems supporting financial transactions using the blockchain technology. We identify the strengths of this technology in achieving the qualities associated with these architectural considerations and suggest architectural tactics that can be used to overcome its weaknesses. A reference architecture is presented along with a prototype that implements this architecture using Iroha, a commercially available financial ledger for blockchain systems.
The relative efficacy of the cranium and os coxa for taxonomic assessment in macaques.

OBJECTIVES The cranium is generally considered more reliable than the postcranium for assessing primate taxonomy, although recent research suggests that pelvic shape may be equally reliable. However, little research has focused on intrageneric taxonomic discrimination. Here, we test the relative taxonomic efficacy of the cranium and os coxa for differentiating two macaque species, with and without considering sexual dimorphism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Geometric morphometric analyses were performed on cranial and os coxa landmarks for 119 adult Macaca fascicularis, M. mulatta, and Chlorocebus pygerythrus. Among-group shape variation was examined using canonical variates analyses. Cross-validated discriminant function analysis provided rates of correct group classification. Additionally, average morphological distances were compared with neutral genetic distances. RESULTS Macaque species were clearly differentiated, both cranially and pelvically, when sex was not considered. Males were more often correctly classified based on the os coxa, while female classification rates were high for both morphologies. Female crania and male os coxa were differentiated approximately the same as genetic distance, while male crania were more similar (convergent), and female os coxa were more divergent than expected based on genetic distance. DISCUSSION The hypothesis that cranial and os coxal shape can be used to discriminate among macaque species was supported. The cranium was better at differentiating females, while the os coxa was better at differentiating male macaques. Hence, there is no a priori reason for preferring the cranium when assessing intragenetic taxonomic relationships, but the effects of high levels of sexual dimorphism must be corrected for to accurately assess taxonomic signatures.
HEGJoin: Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Epsilon Grids for Accelerated Distance Similarity Join

The distance similarity join operation joins two datasets (or tables), A and B, based on a search distance, \(\epsilon \), (\(A \ltimes _\epsilon B\)), and returns the pairs of points (\(p_a\), \(p_b\)), where \(p_a \in A\) and \(p_b \in B\) such that the distance between \(p_a\) and \(p_b\) \(\le \epsilon \). In the case where \(A = B\), then this operation is a similarity self-join (and therefore, \(A \bowtie _\epsilon A\)). In contrast to the majority of the literature that focuses on either the CPU or the GPU, we propose in this paper Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Epsilon Grids Join (HEGJoin), an efficient algorithm to process a distance similarity join using both the CPU and the GPU. We leverage two state-of-the-art algorithms: LBJoin for the GPU and Super-EGO for the CPU. We achieve good load balancing between architectures by assigning points with larger workloads to the GPU and those with lighter workloads to the CPU through the use of a shared work queue. We examine the performance of our heterogeneous algorithm against LBJoin, as well as Super-EGO by comparing performance to the upper bound throughput. We observe that HEGJoin consistently achieves close to this upper bound.
Patterns of infant mortality and cancer death in Alabama, USA

To use recent information of infant and cancer mortality in Alabama counties of the USA to test their relationships with social, economic, and environmental conditions at a large scale to identify potential public health issues. The data of infant mortality rates and cancer deaths in the recent years, biodiversity, including species number of plants, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians, roadless areas, metropolitan areas, river basins, African-American and minority populations, and per person income for all 67 Alabama counties were obtained and organized by geographic information system. The relationships between infant mortality rates and cancer deaths and social, economic, and environmental conditions at a large scale were analyzed. Infant mortality was significantly higher in African-American and other minority populations than in white populations, but cancer mortality was higher in white populations than in African-American and minority populations. There was no significant difference in infant mortality rate between populations in the urban areas and the rural areas, but the mortality rate of cancers was significantly higher in the rural population than in the urban population. Mortality rates for cancers in wealthy counties were lower than in poorer counties. The incidences of infant and cancer mortality were lower in counties with higher biodiversity. The emergent spatial pattern suggests that the incidences of infant and cancer mortality were higher in the Sipsey/Warrior River Basin, Coosa/Tallapoosa River Basin, and Conecuh River Basins. This study indicates that ethnic disparities in infant and cancer mortality still exist in Alabama. This study also suggests that pattern analyses at larger scales can provide new insight for understanding public health.
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine Hydrolase: Its Inhibitory Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum and Development of Malaria Drugs.

Parasite Plasmodium falciparum is continuously successful to give a challenge to human beings by changing itself against most of the antimalaria drugs and its consequences can be seen by huge death each year due to malaria especially in the poor and developing country. Due to its ability to drug resistance, new drugs are regularly needed to kill the organism. Many new drugs have been developed based on different mechanisms. One of the potential mechanisms is to hamper protein synthesis by blocking the gene expression. S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is a NAD+ dependent tetrameric enzyme, which is responsible for the reversible hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and L-homocysteine, has been recognized as a new target for antimalarial agents since the parasite has a specific SAH hydrolase. The inhibition of SAH hydrolase causes the intracellular accumulation of S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine, elevating the ratio of SAH to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and inhibiting SAM-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes methylation of the capped structure at the 5-terminus of mRNA, and other methylation reaction which is essential for parasite proliferation. In other words, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase regulates methyltransferase reactions. In this way, SAH hydrolase inhibitors could be used for the treatment of different diseases like malaria, cancer, viral infection, etc. by ultimately stopping the synthesis of protein. Many antiviral drugs have been synthesized and marketed which are based on the inhibition of SAH hydrolase. This review summarises the development of SAH inhibitors developed over the last 20 years and their potentiality for the treatment of malaria.