cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Walk-Kick on a Bipedal Robot

Using the NAO robot as a testbed, we propose a walk-kick framework that can generate a kick trajectory with an arbitrary direction without prior input or knowledge of the parameters of the kick in the midst of walking while still guaranteeing reaching a reference trajectory. The walk-kick uses kick interpolators from a dynamic kick engine and the walk trajectories generated from adaptive walking engine to generate motions in any direction that allow a robot to reach its destination while also allowing it to move the ball in further distances without transitioning in different states to accommodate both tasks. The system has been extensively tested on the physical robot, taking into account ten different target angles. The stability and reliability of each kick has been evaluated 30 times for each kick motion trajectory while performing demanding motions. Results show that our proposed walk-kick framework and its integration is reliable in terms of the kick directions and stability of the robot overall (<1% falling rate), and our experiments verify that the walk-kick trajectories were consistent with an average absolute bearing of <6\(^\circ \) within any given direction.
Young Middle-Class Women, Consumption and Fitness in Contemporary India: ‘To Tackle All That is Thrown Her Way’:

This article examines the intersections of fitness, consumption, the middle class and the female body in contemporary India. Having grown up exposed to and interacting with global markets, brands a...
Machine Learning for Cancer Drug Combination

When treating multiple complex diseases, such as cancer, polytherapy may demonstrate efficiency than monotherapy. However, due to the multiplicative relationship between the number of drugs and cell lines vs. the number of combinations, it is impractical to test all drug combinations using high-throughput preclinical approaches. An alternative to experimental tests is predicting drug synergy through computational models. Here, we summarize recent computational approaches for predicting drug synergy, discuss current limitations, and propose future directions.
Antipsychotics for Preventing Delirium in Hospitalized Adults.

This systematic review of randomized trials examines benefits and harms of antipsychotics for prevention of delirium in adults.
Utilization of Vicryl Bridging Mesh in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation to Achieve Tension-Free Abdominal Wall Closure: A Case Series.

Difficulty in primary fascial closure of the abdomen in transplant patients is a common challenge. Abdominal wall tension may have detrimental effects on the newly transplanted graft due to compression, and blood flow hindrance, potentially leading to ischemia or thrombosis and possibly graft failure. Furthermore, patients will be at risk of developing fascial ischemia and dehiscence. Myocutaneous flaps, temporary closure with silastic mesh, abdominal wall transplants, and even graft reduction, bowel resection, and splenectomies have been practiced with varying degrees of success. In this study, we present four cases of patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with bridging Vicryl knitted mesh (ETHICON VKML VICRYL-Polyglactin 910- ) to relieve the tension during the closure. Our results show that these patients, despite having a high average Model End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 25, had a good liver function at the time of discharge and continue to upon follow-up. They had a relatively short length of stay (LOS) in both the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital, an average of 3.5 days and 9 days, respectively. Our case series successfully show that utilizing a bridging Vicryl knitted mesh is a reasonable approach to attain tension-free abdominal closure in OLT with satisfying results.
Using Perceived Landscape Benefits to Promote Water Conservation Behaviors in Urban Areas

Because a large percentage of water used in urban areas can be applied through irrigation, home landscape management practices are an important factor of water conservation. The information in this 5-page document is the result of a cluster analysis used to identify meaningful subgroups among home irrigation users to encourage water conservation behaviors. Written by Amanda D. Ali, Laura A. Sanagorski Warner, and Anil Kumar Chaudhary and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, May 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc291
Pseudo-Likelihood or Quadrature? What We Thought We Knew, What We Think We Know, and What We Are Still Trying to Figure Out

Two predominant computing methods for generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are linearization, e.g., pseudo-likelihood (PL), and integral approximation, e.g., Gauss–Hermite quadrature. The primary GLMM package in R, LME4, only uses integral approximation. The primary GLMM procedure in SAS®, PROC GLIMMIX, was originally developed using linearization, but integral approximation methods were added in the 2008 release. This presents a dilemma for GLMM users: Which method should one use, and why? Linearization methods are more versatile and able to handle both conditional and marginal GLMMs. Linearization can be implemented with REML-like variance component estimation, whereas quadrature is strictly maximum likelihood. However, GLMM software documentation and the literature on which it is based tend to focus on linearization’s limitations. Stroup (Generalized linear mixed models: modern concepts, methods and applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2013) reiterates this theme in his GLMM textbook. As a result, “conventional wisdom” has arisen that integral approximation—quadrature when possible—is always best. Meanwhile, ongoing experience with GLMMs and research about their small sample behavior suggest that “conventional wisdom” circa 2013 is often not true. Above all, it is clear there is no one-size-fits-all best method. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated look at what we now know about quadrature and PL and to offer some general operating principles for making an informed choice between the two. A series of simulation studies investigating distributions and designs representative of research in agricultural and related disciplines provide an overview of each method with respect to estimation accuracy, type I error control, and robustness (or lack thereof) to model misspecification. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Beyond Master Narratives: Local Sources and Global Perspectives on Sport, Apartheid, and Liberation

Drawing mainly on a set of oral and written primary sources situated in their proper historical and geographical context, this article explores how multiple forms of agency and memory shaped the hi...
Speech Impairments Explain Unique Variance in Adaptive Behavior Skills in Young People With Down Syndrome.

Background Down syndrome (DS) is a disorder characterized by impairments in global cognitive abilities and adaptive function. In addition, individuals with DS demonstrate pronounced speech and lang...
Beyond Bostock: Employment Protections for LGBTQ Workers Not Covered by Title VII

Whereas the Supreme Court recently held that LGBTQ employment bias is actionable under Title VII as a form of sex discrimination, the statute does not protect persons working at small firms, i.e., businesses with fewer than fifteen employees. For these individuals, state law provides the exclusive means of redressing workplace bias, yet only twenty-two states prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. This article examines a subset of the twenty-eight states lacking explicit, LGBTQ-inclusive employment protections—those with antidiscrimination statutes applying to small firms otherwise exempt from Title VII—and demonstrates that, to varying degrees, these states would be justified in construing their statutes’ existing bans on sex discrimination to protect LGBTQ workers.
Use of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography to Detect Induced Regional Strain Changes in the Murine Myocardium by Acoustic Radiation Force.

Background It is difficult to simulate the abnormal myocardial strain patterns caused by ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) which are a precursor to heart failure (HF) within an animal model. Simulation of these strain changes could contribute to better understanding of the early formative stages of HF. This is especially important in investigating the poorly understood pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Here, we discuss delivery of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in a murine model to alter left ventricular (LV) regional longitudinal strain (RLS), and use of speckle tracking echocardiography to detect these changes. Methods HIFU pulses (pressure amplitude 1.7 MPa) were generated by amplifying a sinusoidal waveform from a function generator into a piezoelectric transducer. These pulses were then directed extracorporeally towards the anterior LV surface of C57BI6 mice during three time periods (early, mid, and late diastole). Speckle tracking echocardiography was then used to quantify changes in RLS within six segments of the LV. Results We observed an increase in LV RLS with acoustic augmentation during all three time periods. This augmentation was most prominent near the anterior apical region in early diastole and near the posterior basilar region during late diastole. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the application of HIFU to non-invasively induce changes in RLS within a murine model. Our results also reflect the capability of speckle tracking echocardiography to analyze and quantify these changes. These findings represent the first demonstration of ultrasound-induced augmentation in LV RLS within a small animal model.
Payday lending: America's unsecured loan market [Business Ethics Case Study, 5000 words]

Case study for Business Ethics, 5000 words. Considers the state of the payday lending market in USA and Canada as of March 2018. Suitable for undergraduate or business school use. Includes the discussion of: Storefront and online payday lending in state/province and national contexts. Applicability of the concept of exploitation to payday lending. Alternatives to payday lending ("Payday Alternative Loans" provided through credit unions, and savings incentive programs that reduce demand for payday lending). U.S. government regulation of 2017 that was rescinded shortly before it was to have effects on business, specifically due to change of Presidential administration (January 2018). Class discussion questions. References.
Class comparison enabled mass spectrum purification for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract Tile-based Fisher ratio (F-ratio) analysis is emerging as a versatile data analysis tool for supervised discovery-based experimentation using comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). None the less, analyte identification can often be marred by poor 2D resolution and low analyte abundance relative to overlapping compounds. Linear algebra-based chemometric methods, in particular multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and PARAFAC2, are often applied in an effort to address this situation. However, these chemometric methods can fail to produce an accurate spectrum when the analyte is at low 2D resolution and/or in low relative abundance. To address this challenge, we introduce class comparison enabled mass spectrum purification (CCE-MSP), a method that utilizes the underlying requirement for signal consistency of the background interference compounds between the two classes in the F-ratio analysis to purify the mass spectrum of the analyte hits. CCE-MSP is validated using a dataset obtained for a neat JP-8 jet fuel spiked with 14 sulfur containing compounds at two levels (15 ppm and 30 ppm), using the p-value and lack-of-fit (LOF) for each analyte hit as consistency metrics. A purified mass spectrum was produced for each spiked analyte hit and their mass spectrum match value (MV) was compared to the MV obtained by MCR-ALS, PARAFAC, and PARAFAC2. The resulting MV for CCE-MSP were found to be as good or better than these chemometric methods, eg., for 2-butyl-5-ethylthiophene with an analyte-to-interference relative signal abundance of 1:87 and a 2D resolution of 0.2, CCE-MSP produced a MV of 831, compared to 476 for MCR-ALS, 403 for PARAFAC, and 336 for PARAFAC2. CCE-MSP is also extended to obtain the purified spectrum for more than one analyte, eg., two analyte hits in overlapping hit locations. The spectra produced by CCE-MSP can also be utilized as estimates to facilitate quantitative signal decomposition using MCR-ALS.
FEATURES OF FORMING OF ANIMATED NOUNS WITH THE AFFIXES IN MODERN CHINESE LANGUAGE

This article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of animate nouns using affixes in modern Chinese. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that this phenomenon is widespread in the word formation of the modern Chinese language and ranks second in the productivity of the formation of both new lexical units and various forms of the word. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying productive affixes that serve as material for the formation of animate nouns. The leading approach to the study of this problem is component analysis, as well as the modeling of structures, with the help of which the corresponding nouns are formed, allowing a comprehensive consideration of this phenomenon within the framework of the affixation of the modern Chinese language. The article presents constructions with affixal morphemes, on the basis of which words-nouns are formed, the lexical features of each of the suffixes are revealed, new constructions are revealed, on the basis of which new words-nouns are formed, the lexical meanings of suffixes are analyzed.
Workforce Housing in New York City: A Case Study of Urban American, LLC

The challenging task of providing high-quality workforce housing is further complicated in a rent-stabilized housing market such as New York City. Socially conscious, fiscally responsible landlords must conduct major capital improvements and apartment maintenance with an eye toward creating a safe and attractive living environment while also meeting investors’ return expectations. How does a for-profit company add value to its portfolio while managing to keep rents affordable? This case study of Urban American, LLC, examines how one company’s operational model works within rent stabilization laws to create healthy returns and reinvigorate the workforce housing stock in and around New York City. The author would like to thank Urban American, LLC, and especially James Eisenberg, Joshua Eisenberg, Philip Eisenberg, Ann Heath, and Frost Travis for their guidance and goodwill during the course of preparing this case study. Any errors of fact or interpretation are the author’s alone.
The Worlds of Lucy Larcom, 1824-1893: By Shirley Marchalonis. University of Georgia Press, 1989, 336 pp. $40, Cloth

(1990). The Worlds of Lucy Larcom, 1824-1893. American Journalism: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 126-129.
Structure- Properties Relationships For Manganese Perovskites

By combining the results of dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, magnetoresistivity, magnetostriction, and x-ray and neutron powder diffraction data for stoichiometric La1- xSrxMnO3 we have constructed a phase diagram that describes the magnetic, transport, and structural properties and the relationships among them as a function of composition and temperature. Correlations among physical and structural properties have been observed that are consistent with a competition between ferromagnetism and JT distortion. A metallic state occurs below the Curie temperature when both coherent and incoherent JT distortions are suppressed.
Technological-economic models for strategic planning

Abstract Strategic planning issues in energy policy involve a complex mix of technical, economic, environmental and social considerations that must be analyzed and understood. Quantitative analysis can assist in the definition of the policy problem and the identification of interrelationships between the various elements of policy. Such analysis must, of course, be accompanied by and compatible with a more qualitative approach to the legal, political and institutional factors that bear on policy as well as the human value judgments that are involved. A comprehensive set of energy system and economic models have been integrated in a collaborative activity between Brookhaven National Laboratory and Data Resources Inc. to analyze the effects on economic development of alternative research and development strategies and the role of technology in supporting broader energy policy objectives of resource conservation and environmental protection. The scope and general structure of these models are described along with an outline of policy applications that have been accomplished.
Heuristics for laying out information graphs

The concept of an information graph is introduced as a representation for object-oriented databases. The retrieval layout problem is an optimization problem defined over the class of information graphs. The layout abstracts the space efficiency of representing the database as well as the time efficiency of information retrieval. Heuristics for the retrieval layout problem are identified and evaluated experimentally. A new heuristic, connectivity traversal, is found to be fast and to produce high quality layouts.
NEIGHBORHOOD RESPONSES TO STIGMATIZED URBAN FACILITIES

ABSTRACT:A comparative analysis in urban Phoenix, Arizona, was made between a middle class host neighborhood surrounding a private mental hospital and a similar neighborhood not hosting such a facility. Attitudes toward nine other urban facilities generally located in or near neighborhoods were assessed. The host neighborhood with a mental hospital demonstrated greater tolerance for such a facility, but within the host neighborhood, there was greater rejection of the facility the closer the housing to the facility. The increased resistance appeared to center on practical problems such as traffic congestion and noise levels rather than on stigmatized views of patients. The findings lead to a number of policy implications relating to the successful siting of generally stigmatized urban facilities.
Dehydrogenation of Perfluoroalkyl Ket­ones by Using a Recyclable Oxoammonium Salt

A novel dehydrogenation reaction of perfluoroalkyl ketones by the oxoammonium salt 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate (4-NHAc-TEMPO+BF4–, Bobbitt's salt, 1) is described. The reaction proceeds under mildly basic conditions and appears to be unique to perfluoroalkyl ketones. A proposed mechanism for this unusual transformation is given. The byproduct of the reaction, 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (1a), can easily be recovered and used to regenerate the oxoammonium salt.
Supporting Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices through Practice-Based Coaching.

In active implementation science frameworks, coaching has been described as an important competency “driver” to ensure evidence-based practices are implemented as intended. Empirical evidence also ...
Paths and Piping

The problems encountered in using the DOS TYPE command when trying to view a file on the screen, either because you don't have a printer connected to your PC or because you want to see if you really want a hard copy, can be solved using the DOS PATH and PIPE commands.
Observations of Kondo scattering without magnetic impurities: A point contact study of two-level tunneling systems in metals.

We study singularities in the differential resistance of metal point contacts containing structural disorder. We find zero-bias features which are well described by theories in which two-level tunneling systems couple strongly to the conduction electrons to produce a Kondo resonance whose origin is not magnetic impurities. Away from zero bias, we observe abrupt resistance steps which indicate transitions in the multichannel Kondo condensate. We suggest that two-level systems are the explanation for many of the zero-bias anomalies seen in tunnel junctions and point contacts.
Tire-road friction estimation utilizing smartphones

Tire-road friction is an important parameter for a number of different safety features present in modern-day vehicles, and the knowledge of this friction may also prove useful to the driver of a vehicle while it is in motion. In particular, this information may help inform a driver of dangerous low-traction situations that he or she may need to be aware of. Furthermore, since a growing number of drivers have access to Bluetooth-enabled smartphones, it is worth exploring how these devices may be leveraged in concert with vehicular CAN-bus networks to provide valuable safety information.
Evaluating the pharmacokinetics and in vivo cancer targeting capability of Au nanocages by positron emission tomography imaging.

Gold nanocages have recently emerged as a novel class of photothermal transducers and drug carriers for cancer treatment. However, their pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting capability remain largely unexplored due to the lack of an imaging modality for quick and reliable mapping of their distributions in vivo. Herein, Au nanocages were prepared with controlled physicochemical properties and radiolabeled with 64Cu in high specific activities for in vivo evaluation using positron emission tomography (PET). Our pharmacokinetic studies with femtomolar administrations suggest that 30 nm nanocages had a greatly improved biodistribution profile than 55 nm nanocages, together with higher blood retention and lower hepatic and splenic uptakes. In a murine EMT-6 breast cancer model, the small cages also showed a significantly higher level of tumor uptake and a greater tumor-to-muscle ratio than the large cages. Quantitative PET imaging confirmed rapid accumulation and retention of Au nanocages inside the tumors. Th...
A Mechanism for Inducing Climatic Variations Through the Stratosphere: Screening of Cosmic Rays by Solar and Terrestrial Magnetic Fields

The ability of heliomagnetic and geomagnetic fields to bring about climatic variations of long period is examined theoretically. A chemical relationship between low-energy cosmic rays and ozone balance in the stratosphere is sought as a crucial clue to historical changes in earth climate. A perturbation analysis is developed to arrive at zone depletion and reduction of stratospheric solar heating resulting from increased NOx concentration; temperature feedback and opacity feedback are allowed for. Modulation of galactic cosmic-radiation fluxes and ozone destruction in the stratosphere, colder surface temperatures associated with reduced magnetic shielding, and redistribution with height of total ozone decrease are explored.
Partly zero eigenvectors and matrices that satisfy Au = b

For given vectors u,b ∈ F n (where F is a field with at least 3 elements), we establish criteria for deciding whether a digraph allows in its pattern class a matrix A which satisfies Au = b. As corollaries to this we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a pattern class to allow a matrix which has an eigenvector with a particular zero/nonzero pattern. Moreover we establish whether or not that eigenvector can correspond to a zero or nonzero eigenvalue. We use these results to establish the analogous results for loopfree digraphs, and thus we obtain results additional to work already done by Maybee, Olesky, and Van Den Driessche in this area. We then use bipartite graphs to generalize our criteria for solutions to Au = b to the rectangular case.
Role for the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt-TOR Pathway during Sindbis Virus Replication in Arthropods

The efficient transmission of alphaviruses requires the establishment of a persistent infection in the arthropod vector; however, the nature of the virus-arthropod host interaction is not well understood. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-TOR pathway is a signaling pathway with which viruses interact to manipulate cellular functions. The viral activation of this pathway can enhance translation and inhibit apoptosis, potentially promoting viral replication; conversely, repression can enhance cell death. Using a system to study Sindbis virus RNA replication in Drosophila melanogaster, we found that the overexpression of Akt enhanced Sindbis virus replication. In contrast, a decrease in viral replication was observed for flies hypomorphic for the Akt gene. Infection of cultured Drosophila cells led to the phosphorylation and activation of Akt. The chemical inhibition of PI3K, Akt, and TOR in mosquito cells reduced virus replication, suggesting that this pathway is proviral. Early after infection, there was an increase in the TOR-dependent phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in mosquito cells and a consequent increase in the translation of a capped reporter mRNA. In contrast, no change in 4E-BP1 phosphorylation was seen in mammalian cells, and the level of translation of the reporter decreased following infection. Finally, we found that the increase in the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 was stimulated by replicon RNA but not by UV-inactivated virus. Our data indicate that Sindbis virus replication complex formation in mosquito cells activates the PI3K-Akt-TOR pathway, causing the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and increasing the formation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), which promote cap-dependent translation. This virus-induced increase in cap-dependent translation allows the efficient translation of viral mRNA while minimizing the burden on the cell.
Calculated effect of vesicles on the thermal properties of cooling basaltic lava flows

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of porosity, in the form of vesicles and bubbles, on the transfer of heat within basaltic lava. This study was undertaken to provide input for realistic cooling models of basaltic lava flows and to help explain some recent field measurements by Jones (1992, 1993). These field observations indicate that the surfaces of vesicular pahoehoe flows cool significantly more rapidly than that of dense flows. It has been suggested that thermal radiation across vesicles is responsible for this enhanced cooling rate. It is shown here that, for vesicles in typical pahoehoe flows, radiation across vesicles may enhance the effective thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, but only at high temperatures ( T > 800°C) and high vesicularities ( φ > 40%). It is also found that convection of the gas phase within bubbles will not occur unless the cavities are larger than about 1 cm. Furthermore, previous work has demonstrated that porosity greatly reduces the thermal conductivity and thermal inertia of cold lava. It is shown here that this should also be true at high temperatures. Examining only radiation across vesicles severely understates the effect of porosity on the cooling of the surface of lava flows. Thermal inertia, developed to describe diurnal surface temperature variations, is the most appropriate thermal parameter in this case. Thermal inertia is a measure of how quickly surface temperature responds to heating or cooling, with low thermal inertia materials responding more quickly. It is shown here that porosity greatly reduces thermal inertia at all temperatures and that this provides a more general explanation for the field observation.
E2f1-3 are critical for myeloid development.

Hematopoietic development involves the coordinated activity of differentiation and cell cycle regulators. In current models of mammalian cell cycle control, E2f activators (E2f1, E2f2, and E2f3) are portrayed as the ultimate transcriptional effectors that commit cells to enter and progress through S phase. Using conditional gene knock-out strategies, we show that E2f1–3 are not required for the proliferation of early myeloid progenitors. Rather, these E2fs are critical for cell survival and proliferation at two distinct steps of myeloid development. First, E2f1–3 are required as transcriptional repressors for the survival of CD11b+ myeloid progenitors, and then they are required as activators for the proliferation of CD11b+ macrophages. In bone marrow macrophages, we show that E2f1–3 respond to CSF1-Myc mitogenic signals and serve to activate E2f target genes and promote their proliferation. Together, these findings expose dual functions for E2f1–3 at distinct stages of myeloid development in vivo, first as repressors in cell survival and then as activators in cell proliferation. In summary, this work places E2f1–3 in a specific signaling cascade that is critical for myeloid development in vivo.
Duration and Extent of Irritation Versus Genetic Constitution in the Etiology of Malignant Tumors

Recently (1) the authors have shown that hereditary factors influenced the occurrence of malignancy in the walls of Cysticercus cysts in the rat's liver only as they determined the longevity of the host and its susceptibility to Cysticercus disease. It was further shown that the greater the number of cysts in a host the greater was the probability that the host would develop Cysticercus sarcoma and the shorter was the time interval before the tumor appeared. It would therefore seem that each cyst had a probability to malignancy dependent upon the age of the enclosed parasite. It is the purpose of the present analysis to investigate the probability to malignancy of the individual cysts and to determine whether or not other factors than the age of the enclosed parasite are involved. In earlier publications (1–5) attention has been called to the fact that usually a Cysticercus sarcoma was confined to a single cyst, although the host may have had one to one hundred benign cysts. Sometimes two or more cysts were involved in the same tumor, and occasionally there were in a host two or more probably independent Cysticercus sarcomata. In a preceding report (5) it was pointed out that it was not possible in all cases of multiple Cysticercus tumors to say that the tumors were of independent origin, since for the most part these tumors metastasized freely, extended into the surrounding tissues, and represented a narrow range of morphological types. However, if the tumors were of nearly equal size, with few or no visible metastases, and if they were also morphologically distinguishable, they were considered to be of independent origin. The number of tumors thus considered independent is undoubtedly too conservative, since the different tumors probably varied in their rate of growth and it is possible that a second independent tumor may have arisen at any time after the first, even after this tumor had metastasized. Further, since the majority of the tumors were of a few morphological types, in the chance association of two or more independent tumors there is a high expectation that they would have been of the same type. Although admittedly too severe, this test for independence seemed more nearly fair than any other. The relative size of the tumors and the extent of the metastases were judged at autopsy, while the decision of probable independence from comparative morphology was arrived at from histological preparations of the tumors. In the present analysis multiple tumors which satisfied the above conditions were considered to be of independent origin, and in the case of each independent tumor only one cyst was considered the primary site of the malignant transformation although sometimes the malignant growth involved two or more cysts.
Impact of a Cham Jam Intervention on Physical Activity Levels in Bronx Elemantary School Students

Impact of a Cham Jam Intervention on Physical Activity Levels in Bronx Elemantary School Students
Changes in Weight of Eggs Stored in Water and in Air

Abstract Three lots of 20 eggs each were submerged in distilled water and three lots of 6 eggs each were held in air at temperatures of 40°, 55°, and 70°F. for a period of four weeks. At the end of this period the eggs stored in distilled water were removed and no further observations made. The eggs held in air were observed for a period of 10 weeks. Figure 1 illustrates the weight changes observed during the four-week period. In air the loss of weight in the three groups of eggs was linear. It is apparent from Figure 1 that the rate of loss in egg weight increased with an increase in temperature. On the contrary, the eggs held in distilled water gained in weight, or absorbed water up to the maximum. The rate of gain was associated with temperature. It took only one week for the eggs held at 70°F. . . .
Energy flow and fragmentation dynamics of N,N-dimethylisopropylamine

The energy flow and fragmentation dynamics of N,N-dimethylisopropylamine (DMIPA) upon excitation to the 3p Rydberg states has been investigated with use of time-resolved photoelectron and mass spec...
Cluster Morphology Analysis

Abstract Most disease clustering methods assume specific shapes and do not evaluate statistical power using the applicable geography, at-risk population, and covariates. Cluster morphology analysis (CMA) conducts power analyses of alternative techniques assuming clusters of different relative risks and shapes. Results are ranked by statistical power and false positives, under the rationale that surveillance should (1) find true clusters while (2) avoiding false clusters. CMA then synthesizes results of the most powerful methods. CMA was evaluated in simulation studies and applied to pancreatic cancer mortality in Michigan, and finds clusters of flexible shape while routinely evaluating statistical power.
Testing Social Cognitive Models of Mental Illness Stigma: The Prairie State Stigma Studies

Social cognitive models of stigma define the relationship among: signals that suggest a person is mentally ill, stigmatizing attitudes about the person with mental illness, affective reactions to t...
Developmental reorganization of phonology: A hierarchy of basic units of acquisition

Abstract Data are presented that chart one child's acquisition of Mexican-Spanish consonants during the period from 1;7 (when only twelve words were produced) to 2;1 years of age (when over 150 words were used). Towards the goal of specifying the basic units of acquisition, three possible units are considered, the ‘word’, the ‘phoneme’ and the ‘feature’. The main proposition of this paper is that an analysis that recognizes ‘word patterns’ and the prosodic treatment of words (1) describes the dvelopment of the consonant structure of words, (2) accounts for several unusual segmental correspondence and, in addition, (3) captures significant facts about frequency of word types and phonemes-in-certain-positions better than an analysis that assumes the phoneme to be the basic organizational unit of the child's early development. In the later stages, however, the phoneme appears to replace the word as the basic structural unit. The evidence regarding the role of the feature is equivocal. Data from this child show more variation and a less systematic progression of stages than is sometimes reported for children. Thus, these data are also evaluated in relation to reported ‘universals’ of acquisition, and the issue of individual differences is discussed.
A system utilizing Epstein-Barr virus-based expression vectors for the functional cloning of human fibroblast growth regulators

Abstract The acquired ability of adherent mammalian cells to grow in suspension is closely linked to tumorigenic transformation. The anchorage-independence phenotype is likely to result from bypassing an adherence-responsive cell-cycle check-point at the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle. In order to identify genes that are part of or act upon the anchorage signal transduction pathway, we have developed a system which allows functional cloning of regulatory genes by expression of libraries of cDNA inserts either in the sense or antisense direction. The system is comprised of two components: (i) the library expression vectors, CMV-EL and C1E-EL, containing EBoriP for replication in EBNA-1-expressing cells, an expression cassette with a multiple cloning site suitable for directional insertion of cDNA libraries generated by standard protocols, and loxP sites which allow rapid manipulation of recovered vectors without the use of restriction enzymes and (ii) the EBNA-1-producing cell line, BB-5, a derivative of the immortalized, non-tumorigenic and anchorage-dependent human fibroblast cell line, MSU1.1. The growth characteristics of BB-5 cells did not differ from its parental cell line. BB-5 cells supported the episomal replication of CMV-EL and C1E-EL and allowed recovery of the vector from Hirt lysates of transfected BB-5 cells. BB-5 cells transformed to anchorage-independent growth by transfection with a mutant c-Ha-ras gene inserted into CMV-EL could be accurately and efficiently identified in a background of non-transfected BB5 cells by screening for anchorage-independent colonies with the aid of computer-assisted image analysis.
Model studies of ductile fracture-I. Formulation

Abstract The paper is the first report on a systematic model study of ductile fracture, which has been initiated by the authors. The models include a matrix subdivided by grain boundaries, and containing hard inclusions. A systematic variational formulation for the rate problem is presented, and some of the inherent difficulties are discussed and illustrated. The effect of a large elastic compressibility is accurately accounted for. Results are compared with those of previous investigators.
KYP lemma for internally positive systems and a tractable class of distributed H-infinity control problems

We consider the KYP lemma for internally positive LTI systems and show that the H ∞ norm of such systems can be evaluated by checking the existence of a certain diagonal quadratic storage function. Once the existence of such a diagonal quadratic storage function is ensured, the problem of finding the optimal H ∞ controller among the class of structured static state feedback controllers attaining internal positivity of the closed loop system becomes convex and tractable.
Additive Manufacturing: Current State, Future Potential, Gaps and Needs, and Recommendations

Additive manufacturing (AM), the process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer by layer, is distinctly a different form and has many advantages over traditional manufacturing processes. Commonly known as “3D printing,” AM provides a cost-effective and time-efficient way to produce low-volume, customized products with complicated geometries and advanced material properties and functionality. As a result of the 2013 National Science Foundation (NSF) Workshop on Frontiers of Additive Manufacturing Research and Education, this paper summarizes AM's current state, future potential, gaps and needs, as well as recommendations for technology and research, university–industry collaboration and technology transfer, and education and training.
Loving Sinners to Death

If an expression of purported hatred of sin cannot be distinguished by an observer from an expression of hatred for the sinner, there are good prima facie reasons to believe that hatred for the sinner is expressed. In itself, this is a modest claim. But if the modest claim is plausible, it is reasonable to ask whether it implies that counsel to hate the sin but love the sinner is really just dangerous counsel to hate the sinner. People who counsel hating vice or sin, though not the sinner, often claim that doing so is analogous to hating sickness without hating the person who is sick. The reasoning is that if we love someone, then we care about the person’s health or wellbeing, and we will hate anything that compromises the person’s well-being. Arguments for the modest claim, however, imply that this analogy between hating sin and hating sickness is implausible, and in deeply troubling ways. Even so, a sick person who seeks treatment for her illness is never confused about the fact that treatment targets her sickness and never the person as such. But actions that agents claim are motivated by hatred of sin or vice are often indistinguishable in practice from actions that any observer would reasonably think express hatred of the sinner herself. We will consider the modest argument about the practical indistinguishability of hating sin and hating a sinner in light of Aurel Kolnai’s more ambitious argument that it is not possible to hate a sinner’s sin without hating the sinner. Kolnai argues that as an intentional object of hatred as an emotion, the sinner and the sin are simply indistinguishable. He does so by locating three critical and questionable assumptions about reference, the nature of traits, and agent identity, implied in the notion that they are distinguishable. To the degree that Kolnai’s argument is
Separation and classification of underwater acoustic sources

Advancements in oceanic research have resulted in a plethora of activities such as undersea oil/gas exploration, environmental monitoring, SONAR-based coastal surveillance, which all have increased the acoustic noise levels in the ocean, raising concerns in the scientific community. Knowledge about the statistical characteristics of noise sources and their spatial distribution is important for understanding the impact on marine life as well as for regulating and policing such activities. Furthermore, as studies have shown, assuming the underwater noise to be Gaussian is seldom valid; hence, online profiling of the sources forming the ambient noise is also essential to increase the performance of acoustic communication systems in the harsh underwater environment. In this paper, real-time separation of underwater acoustic noise sources via Blind Source Separation (BSS) in the presence of various degrees of multipath as well as their classification based on the coherence of their Power Spectral Density (PSD) and the PSD of known noise sources are studied via simulations. Work is currently being conducted to validate the results and to localize the sources using real data collected from underwater communication testbeds.
Parent Ratings Using the Chinese Version of the Parent Gifted Rating Scales–School Form: Reliability and Validity for Chinese Students

This study examined the reliability and validity of the scores of a Chinese-translated version of the Gifted Rating Scales–School Form (GRS-S) using parents as raters and explored the effects of gender and grade on the ratings. A total of 222 parents participated in the study and rated their child independently using the Chinese version of the Parent GRS-S (CVPGRS-S). Results indicate high reliability for parent rating scores and statistically significant correlations between CVPGRS-S scale scores and students' classroom academic achievement scores. The effect sizes of the relationships were moderate. Results revealed no statistically significant grade effect on any of the six CVPGRS-S scales; small but statistically significant differences in favor of females on the six CVPGRS-S scales were found. However, the effect size was small. Research results suggest that the Chinese-translated parent version of the GRS-S holds promise for use with Chinese parents.
Hatching events in the cysts of Artemia salina

Abstract Prior to hydration, the cysts of Artemia salina are cup-shaped with a diameter of approximately 0.18 mm. Upon immersion in sea water, the cysts slightly increase in diameter to 0.19 mm and assume a spherical shape. Hatching begins with the splitting of the surface coat. The split runs along a straight line, approximately one-half the circumference of the cyst. The exposed fracture in the surface coat reveals three distinct regions: (1) a thin (1.2 μm) smooth outer layer; (2) a thick (4.7 μm) ‘spongy’ layer; and (3) a thin (1.8 μm) fibrous inner layer. The split becomes more pronounced as the nauplius, enclosed within a transparent hatching membrane, slowly emerges. Once completely emerged from the cyst, the nauplius begins a series of beating movements which rupture the hatching membrane, allowing the nauplius to swim free.
IT Is Here to Serve

IT professionals tend to create projects designed to address IT needs, not the organization it was designed to service. By having IT address itself instead of the business and its customers, we've seen IT projects emerge that have no business value, creating the public perception of IT as a black hole of funding. This black-hole perception magnifies when the IT department doesn't partner with company stakeholders to address actual needs; rather, IT professionals create solutions based on what they want to provide instead of what the business requires. Some leaders view this method of IT management as IT stimulating the business, but in reality, this is IT creating work in an attempt to show value. For IT to succeed, the IT department must partner with various groups throughout the organization during their development efforts.
Chylomicron-bound LPS inhibits activation of the acute phase response in vitro and in vivo

Abstract The host response to infection involves the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. These soluble mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) not only promote an acute inflammatory reaction, but also activate a dramatic change in hepatic gene expression termed the acute phase response (APR). This cytokine-mediated alteration in hepatocellular function includes changes in the activity of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), an IL-6 response element that regulates many APR genes. We have previously shown the CM-bound LPS (CM-LPS) modulates the hepatocellular response to infection by inhibiting cytokine-induced NF-kB activity and NO production. Thus, we hypothesize that CM-bound LPS can similarly inhibit the IL-6-mediated activation of the APR in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro studies, rat primary hepatocytes were pretreated with or without CM-LPS and stimulated with 500 units/ml of IL-6. To enhance the IL-6 response, 1 μM dexamethasone was also added. Hepatic nuclear C/EBP was measured at 15 min and 24h after stimulation. For in vivo studies, rats were injected with CM-LPS (235 mg/kg, pre-treated) v. saline (control), recovered for 16h and then injected with IL-6 (2.6 × 105 U/kg) to induce an APR. Hepatic nuclear C/EBP and plasma LBP levels were measured at 4h and 24h after IL-6 stimulation. Pretreatment with CM-LPS markedly inhibited hepatic C/EBP activity at 15 min and 24h in vitro and at both 4 and 24h in vivo (data not shown) as compared to controls (Fig. 1) . Download : Download high-res image (50KB) Download : Download full-size image Fig 1 . In vitro EMSA of hepatic nuclear C/EBP. 1) nonspecific competitor, 2) specific competitor, 3) + control, 4) 24h −CM-LPS/−IL-6, 5) 24h +CM-LPS/−IL-6, 6) 15min −CM-LPS/+IL-6, 7) 15min +CM-LPS/+IL-6, 8) 24h −CM-LPS/+IL-6, 9) 24h +CM-LPS/+IL-6. Fig 1. In vitro EMSA of hepatic nuclear C/EBP. 1) nonspecific competitor, 2) specific competitor, 3) + control, 4) 24h −CM-LPS/−IL-6, 5) 24h +CM-LPS/−IL-6, 6) 15min −CM-LPS/+IL-6, 7) 15min +CM-LPS/+IL-6, 8) 24h −CM-LPS/+IL-6, 9) 24h +CM-LPS/+IL-6. In summary, pretreatment with CM-LPS significantly inhibited activation of the APR in vitro and in vivo as measured by C/EBP activity. These data add to a growing body of evidence implicating lipoproteins as important regulators of the host immune response to bacterial infection.
Infrared Spectra of the Novel Si2H2 and Si2H4 Species and the SiH1,2,3 Intermediates in Solid Neon, Argon, and Deuterium

Laser-ablated silicon atoms react extensively with hydrogen to form the silicon hydrides SiH1,2,3,4 and the disilicon hydrides Si2H2,4,6. Infrared spectra and density functional theory frequency ca...