cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing an evidence-based intervention targeting high-risk migrant workers

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117 e99 miosis was more robust (time-matched or derived parameters; r>0.4). Conclusions: The PK/PD relationship for abuse potential is highly variable and is influenced by numerous factors, including dosage form manipulation and ROA. Effects unrelated to opioid exposure impact a subject’s drug experience. PK alone cannot be used to reliably assess abuse deterrence in HAP studies. Financial support: Supported by Altreos Research Partners, Inc. and Purdue Pharma LP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.635 Developing an evidence-based intervention targeting high-risk migrant workers Roman Shrestha1, Michael Copenhaver2 1 Department of Community Medicine & Health Care, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States 2 Department of Allied Health & Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States Aims: Nepal has a concentrated HIV epidemic and labor migrants share the highest burden. The epidemic among migrant workers has been associated with risky sexual behaviors, and with alcohol and drug abuse. The very few HIV prevention efforts that have been attempted with this group have been unsuccessful primarily due to stigma, discrimination, and insufficient availability of culturally relevant evidence-based interventions (EBIs). In order to address this issue, we propose formative research designed to promote the development of an intervention to reduce HIV transmission risk among migrant workers in Nepal. Methods: As we will describe in the presentation of our intervention development process, wewill use the ADAPT-ITT approach for intervention adaptation which will involve focus groups with themembers of the target population and treatmentproviders –we will refine and adapt the Holistic Health Recovery Program (HHRP) – an evidence-based HIV risk reduction behavioral intervention–to HHRP-N(epal) for optimal use with the high-risk migrant population in Nepal. Interview items will focus on the HIV risk profile of the target population and ways to optimize the intervention content (i.e., specific content areas of the original evidence-based HHRP modules to include/exclude, emphasize/abbreviate), delivery modality (group vs. individual), and duration (length/timing). In order to develop a culturally sensitive intervention, the program will draw upon Wiley’s framework that includes accommodation, incorporation, and adaptation. Together, all of these data will inform intervention adaptation and subsequent pilot testing of the adapted intervention. Conclusions:Weexpect that the formative process described in this presentation will provide the empirical foundation necessary to strongly inform a subsequent extramurally funded study of an adapted EBI targeting high-risk migrant workers in Nepal. Financial Support: None. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.636 Examining the association between methadone maintenance treatment and body mass index Stacey C. Sigmon1, Jennifer Fenn2 1 Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States 2 Nursing, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT,
Does one size fit all? University differences in the influence of wages, financial aid, and integration on student retention

Abstract We develop and empirically implement a model of university student retention using opportunity cost, financial aid, academic and social integration, and students’ background explanatory variables. For one year, we tracked students from Weber State University (WSU) and Oregon State University (OSU) to learn whether they remained enrolled for 0, 1, 2, or 3 quarters. We use negative binomial and Poisson distributions to empirically model the observed enrollment decisions. We make four interesting empirical findings. First, opportunity costs influence retention, but the effects differ by university. At WSU, an undergraduate, commuter university, we find students substitute wage labor for enrollment. At OSU, a Research I university, the effect is non-linear, but on average, higher wages encourage retention. Second, we find no evidence that efforts to increase academic integration through increased advising and mentoring are effective. Third, the effects of financial aid differ by university and are sometimes negative. At OSU, work-study financial aid encourages retention, while grants do not. At WSU, grants support retention, but VA assistance does not. Finally, we find that students' future intentions for re-enrollment are a major determinant of re-enrollment at WSU, but not OSU. This may reflect the ancillary role that WSU plays in many of its students' career and academic plans.
Structural studies of cholesteryl acetate - phosphatidylcholine complexes

Abstract The structural order of cholesteryl acetate-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)-water mixtures was examined at room temperatures using Raman spectra in the CH and CC stretch regions. Intensity ratios I 2890 /I 2850 , I 2830 /I 2930 and I 1064 /I 1089 were used as structural parameters to measure the order of DMPC acyl chains. These three ratios pass through a well defined minimum at ca. 14 mol% cholestryl acetate. These data also show that cholesteryl acetate disrupts the packing order of the DMPC acyl chains from 0 to ca. 35 mol% cholesteryl acetate. As the concentration of cholesteryl acetate is increased from ca. 14 to ca. 35 mol% the DMPC acyl chains become more ordered and cholesteryl acetate appears to form a crystalline phase that remains inn suspension with the lecithin. As more cholesteryl acetate is added, these crystalline regions become larger and begin to form a precipitate which is structurally identical to those particles which remain in suspension.
The Latino Pastoral Narrative: Backstretch workers in Kentucky

This study analyzes the Latino Pastoral Narrative as a productive attempt to humanize immigrant Latina/o workers in Kentucky, who are often criminalized in legislation and xenophobic discourses across the United States. Select contemporary cultural texts employ this discourse to make a case for the incorporation and acceptance of backstretch workers based on their dedication to horses and appreciation for nature in Kentucky, therefore situating Latina/o workers as vital to the horseracing industry. This analysis also addresses the limitations of this narrative in its assumptions about the types of labor naturally suited to Latinas/os in relation to racial, classed and gendered divisions of labor.
Formability Assessment in Stamping Die Face Morphing Using Strain Increment Method

A strain increment method has been proposed for early formability assessment by predicting strain distribution directly from the part-to-part mapping process. This method consists of mapping the finite element mesh to the geometry of an existing part, solving the part-to-part mapping relation by adding bending energy and strain gradient penalty functions, and extracting strain increment from the part-to-part mapping related displacement field. Case studies show that the strain field obtained using the proposed strain increment method compares well with that from the finite element analysis. Since this method does not require the knowledge on new die surface, such formability assessment can serve as an early manufacturing feasibility analysis on the new part design.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
On shift stable hypergraphs

Abstract A hypergraph ( V , E ) defined on a linearly ordered set ( V , ⪯) is said to be shift stable if x ∈ A ∈ E , y ∉ A , x ⪯ y implies ( A ⧹\s{ x \s})∪\s{ y \s}∈ E . It is shown here that a hypergraph is shift stable if and only if there is a real t and a positive setfunction c , which is monotonic, in some sense, with respect to the linear order ⪯, such that a set A ⊆ V belongs to the hypergraph if and only if the sum of c ( B )s for the subsets B ⊂ A of size | A |−1 is at least t .
Lane Change Intent Analysis Using Robust Operators and Sparse Bayesian Learning

In this paper, we demonstrate a driver intent inference system that is based on lane positional information, vehicle parameters, and driver head motion. We present robust computer vision methods for identifying and tracking freeway lanes and driver head motion. These algorithms are then applied and evaluated on real-world data that are collected in a modular intelligent vehicle test bed. Analysis of the data for lane change intent is performed using a sparse Bayesian learning methodology. Finally, the system as a whole is evaluated using a novel metric and real-world data of vehicle parameters, lane position, and driver head motion.
Essential tremor centralized brain repository: Diagnostic validity and clinical characteristics of a highly selected group of essential tremor cases

We studied essential tremor (ET) cases enrolled in the Essential Tremor Centralized Brain Repository to (1) assess the validity of their diagnoses and (2) characterize the clinical features in a group of highly selected cases who might reflect a far end of the disease spectrum. Our over-arching goal was to provide a perspective of ET that complements that derived from population-based and clinic-based studies. Based on a history and videotaped examination, 94 of 100 ET cases had their diagnoses confirmed; most of the remainder had Parkinson's disease. When compared with ET cases ascertained through populations and clinics, a large proportion had been prescribed medication for tremor (87.2%), had a family history of tremor (88.3%), had rest tremor (33.0%), or had neck tremor (60.6%). One patient had facial tremor, which has not been reported previously. As has been reported once before, a large proportion wore hearing aids (26.9% of the 67 participants age>or=70). In summary, diagnostic validity was high. In terms of their clinical characteristics, the high proportion of cases with severe tremor and varied disease manifestations (neck tremor, rest tremor) make these cases a valuable resource in pathological studies; the high proportion with familial tremor would provide an enriched sample for genetic studies.
Attenuated cardiovascular reserve during prolonged submaximal cycle exercise in healthy older subjects

Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to determine the effect of age on the hemodynamic response to prolonged submaximal aerobic exercise in healthy volunteers. Background Reductions in peak work rate, heart rate (HR), and left ventricular (LV) emptying but higher blood pressure (BP) and systemic vascular resistance occur in healthy older versus younger humans during short bursts of graded maximal aerobic exercise. However, the effect of aging on the cardiovascular response to prolonged exercise at submaximal work rates typical of daily aerobic activities remains unknown. Methods We evaluated cardiovascular performance throughout prolonged submaximal upright cycle ergometry in 40 carefully screened healthy untrained volunteers, 8 men and 12 women Results Duration of exercise was similar in younger ([81 ± 28 min] versus older [71± 29 min] subjects, p = NS). At 10 min of exercise in the steady state, older subjects demonstrated lower VO2 (1.1 ± 0.2 l/min vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 l/min) and lower HR (118 ± 17 vs. 135 ± 11 beats/min, p Conclusions Thus, age-associated deficits in chronotropic and LV systolic reserve performance occur during prolonged submaximal upright cycle ergometry, analogous to those observed during graded maximal exercise.
Gaseous products of nitrite decomposition in soils

Abstract Studies of the gaseous products formed by chemical decomposition of nitrite in soils showed that substantial amounts of N 2 and NO 2 and small amounts of N 2 O were evolved on treatment of neutral and acidic soils with nitrite, the largest amount of N 2 being formed in an acidic soil having a high organic matter content. The amount of NO 2 produced was inversely related to soil pH, but significant amounts of NO 2 were evolved from soils having pH values above 7. The failure of some investigators to detect NO 2 as a product of nitrite decomposition in acidic soils can be attributed to use of closed experimental systems that promoted sorption of this gas by moist soil and conversion of NO 2 to nitrate. A study of the selfdecomposition reaction of nitrous acid showed that this reaction does not proceed according to the classical equation 3HNO 2 = HNO 3 + 2NO + H 2 O and is better represented by the equation 2HNO 2 = NO + NO 2 + H 2 O. Evidence was obtained that organic soil constituents are responsible for the reduction of nitrite to N 2 and N 2 O and for the fixation of nitrite N observed on treatment of soils with nitrite and that inorganic soil constituents are not involved in these reactions. Several experiments indicated that most of the NO 2 evolved on treatment of soils with nitrite is formed by self-decomposition of nitrous acid and by atmospheric oxidation of NO produced by this reaction.
Triiodothyronine Thyrotoxicosis Complicating Primary Hypothyroidism in a Patient with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Abstract It is increasingly recognized that autoimmune thyroiditis can have a multifaceted presentation. Documented triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis developed in a patient with a six-year history of primary hypothyroidism that was left untreated. Serologic and cytologic evidence confirmed the thyroid dysfunction as being on an autoimmune basis. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis may be seen with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or euthyroidism, and in an individual patient, spontaneous progression from one metabolic state to another may occur.
Effects of different housing conditions on intraspecies fighting between male Long-Evans hooded rats.

Abstract Although the initial reports indicated that the laboratory rat was far less aggressive than its wild counterpart, more recent studies have shown that, under certain conditions, the domestic rat will engage in intense fighting with a conspecific. The purpose of the present research was to delineate some of the variables concerning the housing of the male rat that either serve to enhance or diminish his aggressivity. In the first experiment, male rats housed with intact females, but tested alone, attacked a male intruder more quickly and more often than did males that were either housed by themselves or with another male rat. The second experiment demonstrated that male rats housed with intact females, while not attacking more often, showed more attack related behavior than did males living with ovariectomized females. The results of the two studies demonstrate that the presence, sex, and reproductive status of the conjugate are important in determining the intensity of fighting between two male rats. Further, the procedure as described is a reliable method that results in high levels of fighting which can be used to study the behavioral and the physiological bases of intraspecies fighting.
Genetics of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common multifactorial disorder of reduced bone mass. The disorder in its most common form is generalized, affecting the elderly, both sexes, and all racial groups. Multiple environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis. Genes also play a major role as reflected by heritability of many components of bone strength. Quantitative phenotypes in bone strength in the normal population do not conform to a monogenetic mode of inheritance. The common form of osteoporosis is generally considered to be a polygenic disorder arising from the interaction of common polymorphic alleles at quantitative trait loci, with multiple environmental factors. Finding the susceptibility genes underlying osteoporosis requires identifying specific alleles that coinherit with key heritable phenotypes in bone strength. Because of the close correspondence among mammalian genomes, identification of the genes underlying bone strength in mammals such as the mouse is likely to be of major assistance in human studie...
Composition analysis of single semiconductor nanowires using pulsed-laser atom probe tomography

We report the composition analysis of single InAs and Si semiconductor nanowires using pulsed-laser atom probe tomography. The experimental conditions and sample geometries needed to realize 3-D composition mapping are described in detail. InAs mass spectra obtained using voltage pulses and laser pulses are compared, and are found to be superior for pulsed-laser evaporation. The ability to analyze intrinsic Si nanowires using pulsed laser evaporation is demonstrated. No peaks associated with the gold catalyst used were found in the InAs or the Si nanowire mass spectra.
Infra-red active lattice bands of Se1−xTex

Reflectivity spectra of trigonal single crystals of Se1−xTex indicate a single reststrahlen band for each direction of incident polarization. The frequencies of the phonons associated with these bands vary continuously between those of Se and Te. A model which accounts for this observed “one” mode behavior is discussed.
Characterization of the accuracy of EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry

The phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) has recently been developed and implement at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing extreme UV (EUV) projection lithography systems. Here progress on the characterization of the PS/PDI accuracy is presented. Two major classes of errors affect the accuracy of the interferometer: the first being systematic effects arising from the measurement geometry, and the second being random and systematic errors caused by an imperfect reference wave. In order to characterize these contribution and calibrate the interferometer. Experimental results demonstrating a systematic-error-limited accuracy of 0.004 waves is reported.
Semi-empirical pseudopotential calculations of alkali dimer-ion dissociation energies

Abstract Two different forms of analytical pseudopotentials which have been proposed for alkali atom cores are applied to the computation of dissociation energies for the family of alkali dimer-ions AB + . The resulting values of D e agree well with available experimental data.
New species, observations, and a list of new records of brown algae (Phaeophyceae) from the Hawaiian Islands

Two new species of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), Padina moffittiana Abbott et Huisman, sp. nov. and Cutleria irregularis Abbott et Huisman, sp. nov., are described from the Hawaiian Islands (between 19°04′N, 155°35′W and 28°25′N, 178°20′W). In addition, the new combination Cutleria canariensis is proposed for Aglaozonia canariensis. New observations are presented on Nereia intricata Yamada, a species described 67 years ago and known only from its type specimen. New records of a further 14 species are given for the Hawaiian Islands. These 17 taxa bring the total number of species of brown algae recorded for the Hawaiian Islands to 55, an increase of 28%. Of the 15 new records, two are recent ‘accidental’ introductions: Dictyota flabellata (Collins) Setchell et Gardner and Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt from California. Six records are notable because of their great distances from previously known collections: Nereia intricata Yamada from the Ryukyu Is., Japan; Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Meneghini) Hauck, from the Adriatic, Mediterranean, warm Atlantic and southern Australia; Distromium flabellatum Womersley, Spatoglossum macrodontum J. Agardh, and Sporochnus moorei Harvey, from Australia; Desmarestia ligulata (Lightfoot) Lamouroux from temperate and colder waters in the Pacific and Atlantic. A comparison with some Japanese species of Padina confirms that Padina japonica Yamada should be subsumed with Padina sanctae-crucis Borgesen, as proposed earlier.
Molecular and Functional Studies of Inhibitory G Protein in RINm5F Cells

Abstract Inhibitory G proteins (G 1 ) play an important role in cell proliferation. In order to characterize G 1 proteins in RINm5F (RIN) cells, we first established RIN cells in cell culture. Immunoblot analysis was performed on extracted G proteins using Western blot techniques and a G 1 -specific antibody. We identified three prominent bands consistent with three distinct inhibitory α subunits of membrane-bound G protein (G 1 ) in RIN cells. In contrast, we identified only one prominent distinct inhibitory α subunit of G protein in an equal quantity of membrane-protein in our control (normal rat pancreas). In several cell types, G 1 is known to mediate the inhibitory action of somatostatin on intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. Therefore, we studied the action of the long-acting analogue of somatostatin, octreotide (SMS), on basal and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in RIN cells. SMS did not inhibit cAMP accumulation or tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA (TTID) in RIN cells. However, when treatment with SMS is supplemented with the nonhydrolyzable analogue of guanine nucleotide, Gpp(NH)p (Gpp), which is known to dissociate G proteins into its constitutive subunits, then SMS + Gpp induced an inhibitory action and significantly reduced cAMP accumulation and TTID. These data are consistent with the concept of qualitatively and functionally altered inhibitory G protein expression in the insulinproducing, islet cell (RINm5F) rat insulinoma tumor cell line. Further study of human tumors will lead to new insights into the clinical implications of G proteinmediated signal transduction in insulinoma.
Murine GRPR and Stathmin Control in Opposite Directions both Cued Fear Extinction and Neural Activities of the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex

Extinction is an integral part of normal healthy fear responses, while it is compromised in several fear-related mental conditions in humans, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although much research has recently been focused on fear extinction, its molecular and cellular underpinnings are still unclear. The development of animal models for extinction will greatly enhance our approaches to studying its neural circuits and the mechanisms involved. Here, we describe two gene-knockout mouse lines, one with impaired and another with enhanced extinction of learned fear. These mutant mice are based on fear memory-related genes, stathmin and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Remarkably, both mutant lines showed changes in fear extinction to the cue but not to the context. We performed indirect imaging of neuronal activity on the second day of cued extinction, using immediate-early gene c-Fos. GRPR knockout mice extinguished slower (impaired extinction) than wildtype mice, which was accompanied by an increase in c-Fos activity in the basolateral amygdala and a decrease in the prefrontal cortex. By contrast, stathmin knockout mice extinguished faster (enhanced extinction) and showed a decrease in c-Fos activity in the basolateral amygdala and an increase in the prefrontal cortex. At the same time, c-Fos activity in the dentate gyrus was increased in both mutant lines. These experiments provide genetic evidence that the balance between neuronal activities of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex defines an impairment or facilitation of extinction to the cue while the hippocampus is involved in the context-specificity of extinction.
Dichloroacetonitrile, a by-product of water chlorination, induces aneuploidy in Drosophila

Nitriles have been shown to be potent inducers of aneuploidy in yeast and Drosophila test systems. Haloacetonitriles are by-products of water chlorination that have been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic following topical application. In this report we show that dichloroacetonitrile, but not dibromoacetonitrile, is an effective inducer of aneuploidy in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. Following inhalation exposure of ZESTE adult females, dichloroacetonitrile (8.6 ppm) induced highly significant increments in the frequencies of sex chromosome loss and gain. Sodium cyanide was also found to be a highly effective inducer of germline aneuploidy, suggesting that cyanide toxicity may contribute to potency of nitriles as inducers of aneuploidy.
The role of laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of primary or metastatic liver cancer.

Laparoscopy is considered a modality complimentary to the current staging techniques. Radiology offers sophisticated evaluations such as CT, MRI, ultrasound, and invasive vascular radiologic procedures. Laparoscopy when applied appropriately can provide a diagnosis with increased accuracy and eliminate unnecessary delays in formulating a treatment plan. If a patient appears to have a resectable lesion or lesions and is deemed an acceptable surgical candidate, it is appropriate for laparoscopy to be performed just prior to opening the abdomen for purposes of hepatic resection. The techniques of biopsy, laparoscopic intra-abdominal ultrasound, and the limitations of laparoscopy are discussed in detail. Lastly, the role of laparoscopic hepatic resection and its application, particularly in superficial or peripheral lesions, is presented. The role of laparoscopy in hepatic lesions is evolving where it is obvious that it offers benefits not available through other means in evaluating the liver tumor. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Wound matrix attachment regulates actin content and organization in cells of the granulation tissue

Actin cytoskeletal polymerization is associated with a pro-proliferative, pro-survival state. We hypothesized that the actin polymerization of wound cells is increased in the presence of wound matrix attachment and is decreased after disruption of this attachment. Musculocutaneous flap and wound splinting models were used to investigate the effect of wound matrix attachment on the actin cytoskeleton. Disruption of wound matrix attachment was accomplished by incision of the wound matrix/dermis interface (wound matrix release) and/or desplinting. Polymerized actin was assayed with phalloidin labeling of wound specimens 24 hours after disruption of attachment and a method to quantify the content and organization of polymerized actin in granulation tissue was used. Disruption of wound matrix attachment decreased the content of polymerized actin, the actin staining intensity, and the actin fiber organization in the granulation tissue of both the flap and splint models. Disruption of wound matrix attachment decreased actin polymerization and fiber organization in the granulation tissue. Our data support the concept that the state of wound matrix attachment regulates the actin cytoskeleton of wound cells.
Substituted aralkyl aldehydes: Preparation and antitumor evaluation

Abstract A series of substituted aralkyl aldehydes—substituted phenylacetaldehydes, hydrocinnamaldehydes, and cinnamaldehydes—was prepared and tested for antitumor activity. The substituted phenylacetaldehydes were prepared from the corresponding benzaldehydes via the Darzen glycidic ester synthesis, followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation. The dihydrocinnamaldehydes were prepared by the lead tetraacetate oxidation of the corresponding alcohols. The cinnamaldehydes were prepared from the substituted benzaldehydes by reaction with ethyl vinyl ether. All intermediates in the preparation of the aralkyl aldehydes were also screened for antitumor activity.
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of treatment strategies.

Background. Odontogenic neoplasms of pre- dominately clear cells are unusual. They represent a diagnostic dilemma, and as a result, treatment strategies are diverse. Our goal is to present two new cases, summarize reported cases of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC), assess potential risk factors for recurrence, and propose definitive surgical and therapeutic strategies. Methods. A literature search and analysis was per- formed. Regression models were used to predict risk factors for recurrence. Results. Forty-three cases of CCOC were reviewed, in- cluding two reported here. The overall rate of recurrent disease was 55%. Local recurrence rates were higher for curettage (80%) than for resection alone (43%). Age (p = .20), sex (p = .28), and tumor site (p = .50) did not predict risk for recurrence. Conclusions. CCOC is a potentially aggressive tumor with a tendency for recurrence. Treatment strategies should be directed toward wide surgical resection with confirmation of tumor-free margins. Lymph node dissection and adjuvant radiation therapy should be considered in selected cases. A 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: 536-542, 2005
Conformation, directed self-assembly and engineered modification: some recent near surface structure determinations by grazing incidence small angle X-ray and neutron scattering

Some recent developments in grazing incidence small angle scattering (GISAS) technique are reviewed. The emphasis is on the application of GISAS to elucidating the effects of geometrical surface constraint on self-assembled systems and the effect of modification of interfaces or molecular subassemblies to direct the formation of more complex structures.
CisView: A browser and database of cis-regulatory modules predicted in the mouse genome

To facilitate the analysis of gene regulatory regions of the mouse genome, we developed a CisView (http:// lgsun.grc.nia.nih.gov/cisview), a browser and database of genome-wide potential transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that were identified using 134 position-weight matrices and 219 sequence patterns from various sources and were presented with the information about sequence conservation, neighboring genes and their structures, GO annotations, protein domains, DNA repeats and CpG islands. Analysis of the distribution of TFBSs revealed that many TFBSs (N ¼ 145) were over-represented near transcription start sites. We also identified potential cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) defined as clusters of conserved TFBSs in the entire mouse genome. Out of 739 074 CRMs, 157 442 had a significantly higher regulatory potential score than semirandom sequences generated with a 3rd-order Markov process. The CisView browser provides a user-friendly computer environment for studying transcription regulation on a whole-genome scale and can also be used for interpreting microarray experiments and identifying putative targets of transcription factors.
Increasing Student Engagement in Large Classes: The ARC Model of Application, Response, and Collaboration.

This article introduces a simple, flexible approach to engaging students within large classes, known as ARC (application, response, collaboration). ARC encourages each student’s presence and engage...
Coefficient-based parametric faults detection in analog circuits

Coefficient-based method is introduced for the parametric faults detection in analog circuits. By use of pseudo Monte-Carlo simulation we can greatly speed up the calculation of bounds of CUT transfer function's coefficients. We can estimate transfer function's actual numeric coefficients with system identification method. There is no need for a apriori knowledge of the symbolic transfer function. Finally we show that it is possible to determine whether any given CUT is faulty.
Myenteric plexus destruction alters morphology of rat intestine

Abstract Background: It has been shown previously that myenteric plexus destruction by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) increased villus height, crypt depth, and muscle thickness, suggesting that these neurons influence intestinal morphology. A nonspecific trophic effect of BAC, intraluminal stasis, and inflammation resulting from the chemical treatment could also be causes for these changes. Our goals were to (1) show that the morphological sequelae of BAC treatment are caused by myenteric plexus removal and not the factors listed above, and (2) determine whether segmental myenteric plexus removal alters morphology elsewhere in the small intestine. Methods: Six groups of rats were studied: control, chemical denervation (3 mmol/L BAC), surgical denervation, intraluminal stasis produced by partial obstruction, chemical inflammation (5% acetic acid), and surgical inflammation (serosa removal only). Tissue for histological study was taken from the treated segment, 15–20 cm proximal to the treated segment, and 5–10 cm distal to the treated segment 28 days after treatment. Results: Chemical and surgical denervation reduced the number of myenteric neurons by 94% and 98%, respectively. Denervation had a direct effect on morphology; it increased villus height, crypt depth, and muscle thickness in the treated and proximal segments, but only muscle thickness was increased in the distal segment. The other treatments had minimal morphological sequelae. Conclusions: Segmental myenteric plexus removal alters the mucosa in the treated and proximal segments but influences muscle thickness throughout the intestine.
Geographic and Demographic Variability in 20-Year Hypertension Incidence The CARDIA Study

Although the variability of cardiovascular disease mortality by geography, race, and sex is well known, less is known about risk factor variation. We assessed 20-year incidence of hypertension, a cardiovascular disease risk factor, across 4 US urban areas and by race-sex. Among 3436 eligible adults 18 to 30 years of age when recruited in 1985 to 1986 in the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort, we examined 20-year cumulative incidence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use at any examination) by site and race-sex, adjusting for baseline and time-dependent covariates with Cox regression. Twenty-year incidence, when the mean age was ≈ 45 years, was 34.5% in black men (n = 617), 37.6% in black women (n = 965), 21.4% in white men (n = 856), and 12.3% in white women (n = 998; P<0.001). Incidence was 33.6% in Birmingham, Ala, 23.4% in Chicago, Ill, 19% in Minneapolis, Minn, and 27.4% in Oakland, Calif (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, race, sex, heart rate, body mass index, smoking, family history, education, uric acid, alcohol use, physical activity, and baseline systolic blood pressure, hazard ratios (95% CI) compared with Birmingham were 0.72 (0.59 to 0.87) for Chicago, 0.60 (0.50 to 0.74) for Minneapolis, and 0.73 (0.61 to 0.87) for Oakland. Race-sex differences persisted after adjustment for site, especially for black women. From young adulthood to middle age, hypertension incidence varies significantly across urban areas. Independent of geography, blacks, especially women, are at markedly higher risk of hypertension. Hypertension incidence may contribute to geographic and racial differences in cardiovascular disease mortality, including stroke.
Negative Ion Fragmentation of Cysteic Acid Containing Peptides: Cysteic Acid as a Fixed Negative Charge

We present here a study of the collision induced dissociation (CID) of deprotonated cysteic acid containing peptides produced by MALDI. The effect of cysteic acid (Cox) position is interrogated by considering the positional isomers, CoxLVINVLSQG, LVINVLSQGCox, and LVINVCoxLSQG. Although considerable variation between the CID spectra is observed, the mechanistic picture that emerges involves charge retention at the deprotonated cysteic acid side chain. Fragmentation occurs in the proximity of the cysteic acid group by charge directed mechanisms as well as remote from this group to form ions, which may be rationalized by charge remote mechanisms. Additionally, the formation of the SO 3 –• ion is observed in all cases. Fragmentation of CoxLVINVLSQCox provides both N- and C-terminal, y and b ions, respectively indicating that the negative charge may be retained at either of the cysteic acids; however, there is some evidence that charge retention at the C-terminal cysteic acid may be preferred. Fragmentation of tryptic type peptides containing a C-terminal arginine or lysine residue is considered through comparison of three peptides CoxLVINKLSQG, CoxLVINVLSQK, and CoxLVINVLSQR. Lastly, we rationalize the formation of b n–1 + H2O and a n–1 ions through a mechanism involving rearrangement of the C-terminal residue to form a mixed anhydride intermediate.
Acoustic fluidization and the scale dependence of impact crater morphology

A phenomenological Bingham plastic model has previously been shown to provide an adequate description of the collapse of impact craters. This paper demonstrates that the Bingham parameters may be derived from a model in which acoustic energy generated during excavation fluidizes the rock debris surrounding the crater. Experimental support for the theoretical flow law is presented. Although the Bingham yield stress cannot be computed without detailed knowledge of the initial acoustic field, the Bingham viscosity is derived from a simple argument which shows that it increases as the 3/2 power of crater diameter, consistent with observation. Crater collapse may occur in material with internal dissipation Q as low as 100, comparable to laboratory observations of dissipation in granular materials. Crater collapse thus does not require that the acoustic field be regenerated during flow.
Product location choice and firm capabilities: evidence from the U.S. automobile industry

We test theories of product differentiation and firm capabilities using data from the U.S. automobile industry. We find managers introduce new models close to their existing ones but far from rival models. We also find entrants and foreign manufacturers locate models closer to rival models. These results are consistent with both economic models of product differentiation and theories of firm capabilities Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short Communication: Growth Hormone Response to Somatostatin-28 and Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor in Dairy Heifers

In an attempt to investigate the role of somatostatin-28 (SRIF-28) in modulating growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor (GRF)-induced GH release in dairy cattle, we assigned Holstein heifer calves (n = 12) to receive 0, 10, and 20 μg of SRIF-28/100 kg of BW (0, 10, 20) in conjunction with administration of 3 μg of GRF/100 kg of BW. Administration of 10 or 20 μg of SRIF-28 reduced GRF-induced GH release, because areas under the response curves during 30 min after GRF administration were less when cows received those dosages compared with receiving 0. Some evidence of a dose response was observed because serum GH concentrations increased from 15 to 20 min after GRF administration when animals received 10 μg, but continued to decrease when animals received 20 μg of SRIF-28. We conclude that, in contrast to studies with SRIF-14, pituitary GH release is very sensitive to inhibitory effects of SRIF-28 when used in as little as a fivefold molar excess. Additional experimentation is necessary to determine whether equimolar concentrations of SRIF-28 are effective in altering GRF-induced GH release. Further, these results give rise to speculation that SRIF may be involved in physiological mechanisms mediating well-documented genetic influences on GH concentrations in dairy cattle.
Normalizing Tumor Microenvironment to Treat Cancer: Bench to Bedside to Biomarkers

For almost four decades, my work has focused on one challenge: improving the delivery and efficacy of anticancer therapeutics. Working on the hypothesis that the abnormal tumor microenvironment—characterized by hypoxia and high interstitial fluid pressure—fuels tumor progression and treatment resistance, we developed an array of sophisticated imaging technologies and animal models as well as mathematic models to unravel the complex biology of tumors. Using these tools, we demonstrated that the blood and lymphatic vasculature, fibroblasts, immune cells, and extracellular matrix associated with tumors are abnormal, which together create a hostile tumor microenvironment. We next hypothesized that agents that induce normalization of the microenvironment can improve treatment outcome. Indeed, we demonstrated that judicious use of antiangiogenic agents—originally designed to starve tumors—could transiently normalize tumor vasculature, alleviate hypoxia, increase delivery of drugs and antitumor immune cells, and...
Kalamazoo's Promise: Exploring the Violence of Economic Development

Like many cities in the Midwestern United States in recent years, Kalamazoo, Michigan has experienced profound social and economic restructuring, resulting in significant job losses, poverty, homelessness, hunger, and racialized inequalities. Despite these conditions in Kalamazoo, many are attempting to improve social conditions by engaging in a wide range of activities such as downtown development projects, investments in education, living wage movements, entrepreneurial training programs, anti-racism advocacy, among many other initiatives. In this paper, we analyze these well-intended efforts by drawing upon Slavoj Žižek's (2008, 2009) insights on violence in today's world. We suggest that the focus on what is perceived to be reasonable, or realistic, is maintained by and helps to maintain, the normal workings of capitalism which appear as inevitable, natural, or altogether invisible. In other words, relations of exploitation remain in the realm of the REAL.
Enhanced nonlinear effects in metamaterials and plasmonics

In this paper we provide an overview of the anomalous and enhanced nonlinear effects available when optical nonlinear materials are combined inside plasmonic waveguide structures. Broad, bistable and all-optical switching responses are exhibited at the cut-off frequency of these waveguides, characterized by reduced Q-factor resonances. These phenomena are due to the large field enhancement obtained inside specific plasmonic gratings, which ensures a significant boosting of the nonlinear operation. Several exciting applications are proposed, which may potentially lead to new optical components and add to the optical nanocircuit paradigm.
In vitro tolerance induction to a thymus-dependent antigen with BALB/c and C57BL/6 lymph node cells: effect of tolerogen concentration and duration of exposure.

Further studies on tolerance induction in vitro to bovine gamma globulin (BGG) in nonadherent BALB/c lymph node cells showed that it was dependent upon both the dose of tolerogen and the time of exposure. Nearly complete tolerance was achieved at a dose of 1.0 mg/ ml and an incubation time of 12-18 hours. When C57BL/6 strain was used for comparison with the BALB/c strain because of its relative ease to become tolerant after in vivo injection of tolerogen, the rate of tolerance induction of its nonadherent lymph node cells was not different from that of BALB/c cells. Thus, in the absence of other host factors, the acquisition of tolerance by lymphocytes is gradual and may reflect the time required for a cell to reach a susceptible phase of the cell cycle and/or the activation of suppressor cells.
Exit Strategy: State Legal Discretion to Environmentally Sculpt the Deregulating Electric Environment

Exit fees are a key regulatory tool to allocate the risk of power deregulation. Forty percent of the states have elected to restructure and at least significantly deregulate their retail power sectors. This involves a substantial change in the legal rules that govern one of the essential segments of the economy. Deregulation allows power consumers to leave traditional monopoly utility supply and shift to competitive sellers of power, and in certain states, many consumers have done so. How can states treat the stranded costs of the monopoly utilities? This article explores the issue of exit fee regulation of the various states that have deregulated their retail power sectors. It analyzes Constitutional issues and regulatory policies.
Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Traits in Youth with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

While interest in the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive compulsive personality disorder has increased, there are currently no studies that have examined the presence of obsessive compulsive personality traits (OCPTs) in youth. The current study sought to determine the latent factors and psychometric properties of a modified version of the Childhood Retrospective Perfectionism Questionnaire (CHIRP) and examine the correlates of specific OCPTs (e.g., rigidity, perfectionism) in youth with OCD. Participants included 96 treatment-seeking youth diagnosed with primary OCD (and a parent). Parents and youth completed measures of OCPTs, OCD severity, depression, and disability. A confirmatory factor analysis of the modified CHIRP resulted in a two-factor model: perfectionism and preoccupation with details. The CHIRP and its subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and preliminary evidence for convergent and divergent validity. Obsessive compulsive traits in youth were also found to be associated with the checking, symmetry and contamination symptom dimensions.
Abstract 2476: Hip Hop Stroke: Long-Term Retention of Stroke Knowledge Among Sixth Graders Living in a Low-Income Neighborhood.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect Hip Hop Stroke TM, a novel multi-media and musical school-based stroke literacy (knowledge of stroke symptoms, appropriate action, and prevention measures) intervention targeting children aged 8-12, on long-term retention of stroke knowledge. Methods: We enrolled 107 sixth grade children from one school in Harlem into a single dose of our Hip Hop Stroke intervention - three, one-hour classroom sessions, delivered over three consecutive days. Stroke knowledge surveys to evaluate stroke symptoms, appropriate response when presented with hypothetical stroke scenarios (calling ‘911’) and stroke localization (where a stroke occurs in the body) were conducted at baseline, immediately following the intervention, and 15-months following the intervention. A composite score was created from five stroke symptoms, which included blurry vision/loss of vision, sudden headache, facial weakness, clumsiness/incoordination, slurred/confused speech, and a distracter (chest pain). Data was analyzed using SAS 9.2. Results: A total of 105 students complete both pretests (PT) and immediate post tests (IP), and 85 students completed all three tests, which included a 15-month delayed post test (DP) [79.4% retention rate]. At PT, 36.2% correctly identified stroke localization, and 55.2% appropriately identified calling 911. The stroke knowledge composite score at baseline was 3.21. At IP, stroke knowledge increased significantly across all items: stroke localization (90.5%, p Conclusion: Three one-hour Hip Hop Stroke sessions significantly improved knowledge of stroke symptoms and response of sixth grade children, living in a high stroke risk neighborhood. This knowledge was significantly retained up to 15 months post-intervention.
John Marshall and the Confluence of Law and Politics

This article was originally presented as part of a symposium on Marbury v. Madison given at the University of Tennessee College of Law in 2003. Beginning with an examination of Virginia judge St. George Tucker's significant contribution to the origins of judicial review in the United States, this article emphasizes the political context in which Marbury was decided. The author contends that John Marshall's analysis of constitutional principals was deliberately designed to advance the Federalist Party's political goal of bringing the federal judiciary to a position of equality with the other branches of government. Marshall succeeded in this effort as evidenced by the fact that judicial review is now accepted as an essential part of the system of checks and balances identified with constitutional protection. From its modest application of judicial review in 1803, Marbury has been transformed into a symbol of the Supreme Court's ultimate power to formulate public policy through the exercise of judicial review.