cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An extracellular-matrix-specific GEF–GAP interaction regulates Rho GTPase crosstalk for 3D collagen migration

Rho-family GTPases govern distinct types of cell migration on different extracellular matrix proteins in tissue culture or three-dimensional (3D) matrices. We searched for mechanisms selectively regulating 3D cell migration in different matrix environments and discovered a form of Cdc42-RhoA crosstalk governing cell migration through a specific pair of GTPase activator and inhibitor molecules. We first identified βPix, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), as a specific regulator of migration in 3D collagen using an affinity-precipitation-based GEF screen. Knockdown of βPix specifically blocks cell migration in fibrillar collagen microenvironments, leading to hyperactive cellular protrusion accompanied by increased collagen matrix contraction. Live FRET imaging and RNAi knockdown linked this βPix knockdown phenotype to loss of polarized Cdc42 but not Rac1 activity, accompanied by enhanced, de-localized RhoA activity. Mechanistically, collagen phospho-regulates βPix, leading to its association with srGAP1, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), needed to suppress RhoA activity. Our results reveal a matrix-specific pathway controlling migration involving a GEF-GAP interaction of βPix with srGAP1 that is critical for maintaining suppressive crosstalk between Cdc42 and RhoA during 3D collagen migration.
Efficient and Accurate Schematic Transistor Model of FinFET Parasitic Elements

We present a schematic transistor model for multifinger multifin FETs, which greatly simplifies an initially complex network. The schematic finFET model accepts various finFET layout information and is accurate in predicting the overall finFET characteristics, including the effect of parasitic resistance (R) and capacitance (C) in a finFET.
Efficient scheduling for periodic aggregation queries in multihop sensor networks

In this paper, we study periodic query scheduling for data aggregation with minimum delay under various wireless interference models. Given a set Q of periodic aggregation queries, each query Qi ∈ Q has its own period pi and the subset of source nodes Si containing the data. We first propose a family of efficient and effective real-time scheduling protocols that can answer every job of each query task Qi ∈ Q within a relative delay O(pi) under resource constraints by addressing the following tightly coupled tasks: routing, transmission plan constructions, node activity scheduling, and packet scheduling. Based on our protocol design, we further propose schedulability test schemes to efficiently and effectively test whether, for a set of queries, each query job can be finished within a finite delay. Our theoretical analysis shows that our methods achieve at least a constant fraction of the maximum possible total utilization for query tasks, where the constant depends on wireless interference models. We also conduct extensive simulations to validate the proposed protocol and evaluate its practical performance. The simulations corroborate our theoretical analysis.
Risk-informed inservice inspection

Abstract The operational readiness and functional integrity of certain safety-related piping and associated structural elements such as piping supports are vital to the safety of operations in nuclear power plants. Inservice inspection (ISI) is one of the mechanisms used by the power plant owners to ensure piping integrity. Previously, the type and frequency of ISI have been based on the collective best judgment of the NRC and industry in a consensus code and rulemaking process. The ASME code-based ISI requirements and practices have not explicitly taken into consideration unique aspects of piping functions, piping degradation mechanisms, weld integrity, fabrication details, and the extent of the contribution to overall plant risk. Due to the general nature of the ASME code ISI requirements and non-reliance on quantification of risk estimates, current ISI requirements may unnecessarily emphasize inspection of less safety-significant piping segments, and thereby unnecessarily expose plant personnel to radiation exposure. Nuclear power plant owners are currently interested in optimizing inspection and testing by applying resources in more safety-significant areas. They are also interested in maintaining system availability and reducing overall maintenance costs which do not have any adverse effects on safety. The NRC has confirmed its intent of using probabilistic, as an adjunct to deterministic, techniques, to help define the scope, type, and frequency of ISI. The development of risk-informed inservice inspection programs (RI-ISI) has the potential to optimize the use of NRC and industry resources and to continue assuring adequate protection of the public's health and safety. Currently there are two methodologies being proposed by the industry for the implementation of the RI-ISI programs. One is being developed jointly by the ASME Research and Westinghouse Owners Group (WOG) and the other by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Both methodologies will be implemented for pilot plant applications. Based on discussions with the interested licensees, the NRC staff has tentatively accepted Surry, ANO-2, and Fitzpatrick as the RI-ISI pilot plants. The Surry pilot application is based on the WOG methodology, whilst ANO-2 and Fitzpatrick are based on the EPRI methodology.
An Examination of Psychosocial Correlates of Disordered Eating among Undergraduate Women

Multivariate analyses were used to compare key eating behavior, cognitive, affective, and body variables to determine the similarities and differences between eating-disordered, symptomatic, and asymptomatic female undergraduates. On the eating behavior (i.e., bulimic symptoms, concern for dieting, weight fluctuation), and some of the cognitive (i.e., impression management, approval by others, dichotomous thinking, self-control, rigid weight regulation, weight and approval) and body (i.e., concern with body shape, satisfaction with face) variables, the eating-disorder group reported the most severe symptoms, followed linearly by the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. On the affective (i.e., sad, anxious, guilty, shameful, stressed, happy, confident, overall self-esteem) and the remaining cognitive (i.e., vulnerability, catastrophizing) and body (i.e., importance of being physically fit and being attractive, satisfaction with body) variables, the symptomatic and eating-disorder groups did not differ from one another but had higher levels of distress than did the asymptomatic women. These findings suggest that (1) counselors need to be aware that a large percentage of female undergraduates are nondiagnosable yet experience eating-disorder symptoms, and (2) these symptomatic women are experiencing high levels of distress, particularly in the areas of affect and body image.
Beiträge zur Neurohistopathologie der Pellagra

Im Vorstehenden sind 3 typische Falle von Pellagra klinisch und anatomisch beschrieben, und der Untersuchungsbefund eines vierten Falles angefugt, bei dem nur das Ruckenmark untersucht werden konnte. In allen vier Fallen fand sich als gemeinsames anatomisches Substrat eine Trias von Veranderungen: Einmal eine Gefaswanddegeneration, die der gewohnlichen Hyalinentartung sehr nahe steht, und fast ausschlieslich die kleineren Gefase der Pia und des Nervenparenchyms befallt. Sodann eine diffuse Parenchymverfettung (Ganglienzellen, Glia und Gefaswande), die sich besonders stark in den Ganglienzellen offenbart, und schlieslich eine Veranderung der grosen Ganglienzellen in den motorischen Gebieten des Cortex und Subcortex im Sinne der „primaren Reizung“ Nissls. Alle diese dreierlei Veranderungen sind unabhangig voneinander, zeigen keinen greifbaren Parallelismus, und sind offenbar der Ausdruck einer primaren Schadigung durch die Krankheitsursache selbst. Die Hauptlokalisation der Veranderungen ist die Centralis anterior und die Vorder- und Hinterhorner des Ruckenmarks. Die Verfettung zeigt sich am meisten ausgesprochen im Frontalhirn und ganz allgemein in Lamina III und V. Eine Hinterstrangdegeneration wurde in einem Falle festgestellt, dabei fanden sich auch herdformige Veranderungen in einer hinteren Wurzel. So weit unsere heutigen Kenntnisse reichen, ist die Pellagra nicht als eine systematische Erkrankung anzusehen.
Dendritic caliber and the 3/2 power relationship of dentate granule cells.

A quantitative examination of granule cell dendritic caliber and knowledge of dendritic lengths allows assessment of the distribution of dendritic membrane and the 3/2 power relationship at branch points. This paper presents caliber data of Golgi-impregnated rat dentate gyrus. We used camera lucida drawings of the dendritic trees of 15 dorsal leaf and 15 ventral leaf granule cells to quantify mean dendritic caliber, dendritic taper, the 3/2 power relationship of parent and sibling dendritic diameters at branch points, and surface area. First-order dendrites vary substantially in diameter. However, the mean caliber of all other dendrites is uniform across the proximal two-thirds of the molecular layer for the dorsal and ventral leaves. The average diameter here is 1 μm. More distally, only mean ventral leaf dendritic caliber declines. Granule cell dendritic taper is due primarily to caliber decreases at branch points and not to a gradual decline in diameter across the length of a dendritic segment. Comparing the parent segment diameter raised to the 3/2 power with the sum of the 3/2 powers of the two sibling segment diameters reveals, for the dendritic tree located within the distal two-thirds of the molecular layer, the desired 3/2 power relationship for the dorsal and ventral leaves. More proximally, where first-, second-, and third-order dendrites branch sequentially across a 60–100-μm extent, a 3/2 power relationship is not obtained. For the average dorsal leaf granule cell, dendritic surface area (without spines) is 11,984 μm2. The ratio of dendritic to somatic surface area is 28:1. Discussion of these data includes their implications for electrotonic modeling of the dentate granule cell.
Use of the sentinel lymph node to determine metastases of gastrointestinal malignancies: a word of caution.

Identifying the sentinel lymph node has been shown to carry prognostic and therapeutic implications in the surgical treatment of solid tumors. Recently, sentinel lymphadenectomy has been described for gastrointestinal malignancies, but its clinical value remains uncertain. We describe the case of a patient with appendiceal carcinoid who underwent a right hemicolectomy 4 months after appendectomy, out of concern over residual local or regional disease. One sentinel lymph node was identified in the colonic mesentery using the blue dye technique. This sentinel node and 35 others were negative for metastases, but one lymph node not identified through blue dye carried evidence for micrometastatic disease on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical chromogranin stains. The case raises some issues about the value and limitations of sentinel lymph node biopsies in gastrointestinal cancer. Aspects related to technique, learning curve, gastrointestinal lymphatic drainage patterns, the impact of prior operations, and the limited therapeutic implications compared to cutaneous or subcutaneous solid malignancies are discussed. We conclude that at this point in time, the information obtained from biopsies of sentinel lymph nodes during the surgical treatment of gastrointestinal cancer should be utilized with due caution.
Optimizing Cross-reactivity with Evolutionary Search for Sensors

We report a straightforward evolutionary procedure to build an optimal sensor array from a pool of DNA sequences oriented toward three-way junctions. The individual sensors were mined from this pool under separate selection pressures to interact with four steroids, while allowing cross-reactivity, in a manner designed to achieve perfect classification of individual steroids. The resulting sensor array had three sensors and displayed discriminatory capacity between steroid classes over full ranges of concentrations. We propose that similar protocols can be used whenever we have two or more classes of samples, with individual classes being defined through gross differences in ratios of dominant families of responsive components.
Conflicts of interest on pharmacy and therapeutics committees at academic medical centers.

Dear Editors, Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) committees' decisions should ideally be guided by objective patient and institution centered factors including comparative efficacy and cost–benefit analysis [1]. However, the potential for institutional and personal conflicts of interest (COI) among committee members may have undue and adverse influence on the decision-making process. The focus on this issue is highlighted in the American Medical Student Association (www.amsascorecard.org) review of COI at Academic Medical Centers (AMC). In this initial survey, we sought to determine the mechanisms by which COI are defined and managed by P&T committees at AMCs. Our goal was to provide an overview of the practices to inform further investigation.
Subjective inference with multiple evidence

Abstract The analysis of a number of pieces of evidence supporting a single hypothesis is undertaken within a Bayesian framework. A new relevance definition is introduced that takes advantage of the linear relationship existing between the posterior probability of the hypothesis and that of a single piece of evidence. Two different simplifying assumptions lead to expressions for the posterior probability of the hypothesis based on revised probabilities of all the evidence. The first assumption is one of mutual independence of each piece of evidence from all other evidence. The second assumption is one of independence of the relevance of each piece of evidence to the hypothesis from the probabilities of the remaining evidence. Most important, expressions for upper bounds on the input relevances are given that guarantee the consistency of the resulting posterior for the hypothesis.
Efficacy and tolerance of norfloxacinin treatment of complicated urinary tract infection in outpatients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury

Abstract We studied the efficacy of a fourteen-day course of the fluoroquinolone,norfloxacin, in a group of 69 catheter free spinal cord injury (SCI) outpatients who experienced a total of seventy-nine urinary tract infection (UTI) episodes. A total of 114 bacterial strains representing twenty species, including sixteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all susceptible to norfloxacin, were isolated from initial urine cultures. Mid-treatment cultures in 58/79 (73 %) cases were negative. Cultures taken five to seven days after completing treatment in 42 cases (53 %) were negative. In the remaining 37 there was persistence of initial or superinfecting pathogen(s), or early reinfection with new organisms. Cultures eight to twelve weeks later in 32 cases with initial eradication showed that 27 (84 %) had either relapsed and/or become reinfected. Clinical cure occurred in 4/6 (67 %) symptomatic episodes. Side effects occurred in 6 of 73 (8 %) patients who received norfloxacin, 4 of whom required withdrawal from the study. Twenty of one hundred twenty-two (16 %) bacterial strains isolated during or after treatment were resistant to norfloxacin. Given the limited oral treatment options and the constant risk of reinfection in the SCI population, norf loxacin appears to be a reasonable choice in many patients. However, as with other antimicrobials, when using norfloxacin in SCI patients, the emergence of resistant bacteria must be carefully monitored.
Crosslinking of tropomyosin to myosin subfragment-1 in reconstituted rabbit skeletal thin filaments

Rabbit skeletal tropomyosin was labeled with the bifunctional photoactivatable crosslinker N-succinimidyl-6-(4′-azido-2′-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. After irradiating the rigor complex composed of myosin subfragment-1, crosslinker-labeled tropomyosin, and F-actin, a crosslinked product was formed. This product was identified as a 1:1 adduct of tropomyosin and subfragment-1. This finding is in support of recent structural studies which suggest that tropomyosin and subfragment-1 are in close proximity to each other, and may be relevant to the mechanism of thin filament regulation.
Mitochondrial steroid metabolism in the inner and outer zones of the guinea-pig adrenal cortex.

Previous investigations have demonstrated that cells isolated from the outer zone (zona fasciculata + zona glomerulosa) of the guinea-pig adrenal cortex produce far more cortisol than those from the inner zone (zona reticularis). Studies were carried out to compare mitochondrial steroid metabolism in the two zones. Protein and cytochrome P-450 concentrations were similar in outer and inner zone mitochondria. However, the rate of 11β-hydroxylation was significantly greater in the outer zone despite the fact that substrates for 11 β-hydroxylation (11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone) produced larger type I spectral changes in inner zone mitochondria. The apparent affinities of 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone for mitochondrial cytochrome(s) P-450 were similar in the two zones. In both inner and outer zone mitochondria, 11β-hydroxylation was inhibited by metyrapone but unaffected by aminoglutethimide. Cholesterol sidechain cleavage activity, measured as the rate of conversion of endogenous cholesterol to pregnenolone, was far greater in outer than inner zone mitochondria. Addition of exogenous cholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol to the mitochondrial preparations did not affect pregnenolone production in either zone. Addition of pregnenolone to outer zone mitochondria produced a reverse type I spectral change (ΔA420−390 nm), suggesting displacement of endogenous cholesterol from cytochrome P-450. In inner zone mitochondria, pregnenolone induced a difference spectrum (ΔA425−410 nm) similar to the reduced vs oxidized cytochrome b5 spectrum. A b5-like cytochrome was found to be present in the mitochondrial preparations. Prior reduction of the cytochrome with NADH eliminated the pregnenolone-induced spectral change in inner zone mitochondria but had no effect in outer zone preparations. The results suggest that differences in mitochondrial steroid metabolism between the inner and outer adrenocortical zones account in part for the differences in cortisol production by cells in each zone.
Racial variation in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier of normal children

The normal bromide permeability quotient variation of the negro covers a distinctly lower range than that of the white.
Study of trotter-like approximations

Many quantum Monte Carlo techniques require a Trotter-like approximation before they can be implemented. In an effort to understand better the performance of these techniques, we explore the errors when Trotter-like approximations are used for calculating free energies and operator expectation values.
The Turnover of Intestinal Epithelium in the Chick

Abstract THE cells of the intestinal epithelium originate in the crypts of Lieberkuhn and migrate up the sides of the villi. When they reach the tips (extrusion zone) of the villi the cells are extruded into the lumen of the intestine. The mechanism of migration is not fully understood, but the movement has been shown to be rapid. Leblond and Stevens (1948) reported that replacement of the epithelium in rats took 1.57 days in the duodenum and 1.35 days in the ileum. In cats, the renewal time was found to be 2.25 and 2.75 days for the duodenum and ileum, respectively (McMinn, 1954). In human duodenum, a renewal time of 1.8 days was reported by Bertalanffy and Nagy (1958). As part of investigations on avian digestion and absorption, the turnover of intestinal epithelium in chicks was studied. The movement of intestinal mucosal cells was followed using microradioautography after injecting chicks with …
Oriented microchannel membranes via oxidation of carbon-fiber-reinforced glass composites

Abstract Oriented microchannel membranes were fabricated by the selective oxidation of carbon-fiberreinforced Pyrex glass composites. The oxidation behavior of two PAN-based fibers (T-300R and IM-7) was studied in the as-received condition, and after incorporation into the glass matrix, in order to elucidate differences in oxidation behavior controlled by differences in fiber structure and catalysis by matrix constituents. As-received T-300R fibers oxidized preferentially in an axial fashion from the fiber ends, whereas IM-7 fibers oxidized uniformly on all fiber surfaces. The oxidation rate for the as-received T-300R fiber decreased steadily throughout the oxidation process as a result of a loss of fiber mass, without an increase in the concentration of exposed fiber surface area. The oxidation behavior of the as-received IM-7 fiber was dramatically different than the T-300R fiber. The oxidation rate of the IM-7 fiber increased through 35% burn-off and then steadily decreased, corresponding to the decrease in fiber mass. Incorporation of both fibers in a glass matrix resulted in composites which exhibited similar oxidation behavior. However, the initial oxidation rates for the IM-7 and T-300R fibers in the composite were greater than the initial oxidation rates for the as-received fibers. Interrupted oxidation tests revealed possible catalytic effects of minor constituents in the glass (most notably, sodium) on the oxidation behavior of these fibers embedded in a Pyrex matrix.
Analytical estimation of transition activity from word-level signal statistics

Presented here is an analytical methodologyto determine the average signal activity, T, from the high-levelsignal statistics, a statistical signal generation model,and the signal encoding.Simulation results for 16 bit signalsgenerated via AR(1) and MA(1) models indicate anestimation error in T of less than 2%.The applicationof the proposed method to the estimation of T in DSPhardware is also explained.
Visible Changes in Lesion Borders on CT Scan after Five Years Poststroke, and Long-Term Recovery in Aphasia

Abstract This study examined 12 aphasia patients at approximately 1 year poststroke (Time 1) and again at 5–12 years poststroke (Time 2) with language testing and CT scan. Significant increases in naming scores, and phrase length in nonfluent speech were observed after 5 years poststroke. Significant expansion in visible lesion borders (lesion size) was observed after 5 years poststroke; an increase in lesion size of >1% was present in 9/12 cases (75%). Not one case had a second stroke. Thus, it appears that even though lesion expansion may occur after 5 years poststroke, as long as this expansion is unilateral and gradual, it has no adverse effect on language, and in fact, continued recovery in naming and nonfluent speech may also occur. Long-term recovery patterns in aphasia which may be associated with brain reorganization deserve further study, especially with functional brain imaging techniques.
CHROM: a C program to evaluate the application of the dark object subtraction technique to digital remote-sensing data

Abstract This program, written in Turbo-C, version 2.0, permits the user to enter data from several earth-resource satellite systems, determine corresponding radiances (using published calibration data) and plot chromaticity coordinates on the usual chromaticity diagram. If the user enters the digital numbers (DNs) in three spectral bands for a dark object selected by the user, the program will use these values to perform the dark object subtraction technique for adjusting for the effects of atmospheric scattering, and plot chromaticity coordinates for both original and corrected values. The program allows the user to enter values from the screen, or from a file that records several sets of DNs. Calibration data also can be entered by the user, to allow for use with revised calibration data, or with systems other than those discussed here. The program also allows the user to apply a modified dark object subtraction technique as proposed by P. S. Chavez in 1988. The user selects a scattering model, based upon an assessment of prevailing atmospheric conditions, and selection of one of the visible bands to be used as a base for calculation of corrections to be applied to other bands. The chromaticity technique permits the user to examine the spectra of features before and after application of the correction, to assess if the adjustment is satisfactory.
Reactions of gas phase H atoms with ethylene, acetylene and ethane adsorbed on Ni( 1 1 1 )

Abstract The products of the reaction of the most energetic form of hydrogen, gas phase H atoms, with ethylene, acetylene and ethane adsorbed on a Ni(1 1 1) surface at 60 K are probed. Adsorbed ethylidyne (CCH 3 ) is identified by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy to be the major product (30% yield) in all three cases. Adsorbed acetylene is a minor product (3% yield) and arises as a consequence of a dynamic equilibrium between CCH 3 and C 2 H 2 in the presence of gas phase H atoms. The observation of the same product for the reaction of H atoms with all three hydrocarbons implies that CCH 3 is the most stable C 2 species in the presence of coadsorbed hydrogen. The rates of CCH 3 production are measured as a function of the time of exposure of H atoms to each hydrocarbon. A simple kinetic model treating each reaction as a pseudo-first order reaction in the hydrocarbon coverage is fit to these data. A mechanism for the formation of CCH 3 via a CHCH 2 intermediate common to all three reactants is proposed to describe this model. The observed instability of the CH 2 CH 3 species relative to C 2 H 4 plays a role in the formulation of this mechanism as does the observed stability of CHCH 2 species in the presence of coadsorbed hydrogen. The CH 2 CH 3 and the CHCH 2 species are produced by the translational activation of ethane and the dissociative ionization of ethane and ethylene, respectively. In addition, the binding energy and the vibrational spectrum of ethane adsorbed on Ni(1 1 1) are determined and exceptionally high resolution vibrational spectra of adsorbed ethylene and acetylene are presented.
Orthogonal trajectory accession to the nonlinear equilibrium curve

Abstract An alternative to the Riks-Wempner-Crisfield iterative correction scheme is presented that does not require an explicit displacement-load accession path to the nonlinear equilibrium curve, nor a known equilibrium point. Its symmetry with respect to the displacement and load assures success in rounding limit points as well as turning points.
Arbitrary force-constant changes in the crystal impurity problem

To calculate the response to an external probe of an impurity in a host crystal, one needs to determine both the frequencies and the amplitudes of the perturbed crystal vibrational modes in which the defect participates. When the introduction of the defect leads to force-constant changes, the complexity of the problem often necessitates a numerical treatment. However, in a previous study we had actually obtained simple and exact analytic expressions for the positions and intensities of the perturbed modes in the case in which the host-host and the host-impurity force constants were taken to be both central and nearest neighbor. Such expressions required knowledge of only one pure crystal lattice Green's function, the one at the defect site itself. In this paper we extend our previous study to incorporate nearest-neighbor noncentral force constants as well. By analytically constructing the perturbed crystal lattice Green's function at the defect site, we find that the same simple expressions, which we had previously obtained in the nearest-neighbor central force-constant case, also hold without any modification at all in the case of isotropic force-constant changes in crystals whose host-host force constants are isotropic, and in the particular mixed case in which the fractional changes inmore » the central and isotropic components of the force constants are equal to each other. In the most general arbitrary nearest-neighbor force-constant change case we obtain a reasonably compact exact expression for the dynamics of the perturbed modes which only involves a total of two pure crystal lattice Green's functions.« less
Effects of para-fluorophenylalanine on ploidy levels of cell suspension cultures of Datura innoxia

Abstract The effect of para-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) on the ploidy was tested on three cell lines of Datura innoxia ( N = 12). The stable percentage of haploids within the cell lines was 10, 50 and 80%, respectively. PFP added to subcultures of each cell line was ineffective in altering the frequency of haploids or aneuploids. Natural differences in sensitivity to PFP were observed between the three lines. Following selection from one line, sublines resistant to 100 and 500 μM PFP were isolated. Shoots have been regenerated from the PFP-resistant lines in the presence of PFP.
Cyanogenic glycosides and the systematics of the Flacourtiaceae

Abstract A survey of 682 accessions including 550 species and most genera of the Flacourtiaceae for cyclopentenoid cyanogenic glycosides showed the presence of only three compounds. These were found only in the tribes Berberidopsideae, Oncobeae, Pangieae and Banaraeae. The family is thus divided into cyanogenic and acyanogenic members. The former group possess compounds of similar structure to those of the Passifloraceae and have been considered primitive morphologically. It seems improbable that the Passifloraceae are derived from the acyanogenic, and putatively evolutionarily more advanced, group of Flacourtiaceae.
Comment on ‘Time-dependent paths, fictive temperatures and residual entropy of glass’

In their recent paper, Johari and Aji claim that there is a positive residual entropy of a glass. Here we show that their arguments in support of this view are incorrect.
Plant availability of an iron waste product utilized as an agricultural fertilizer on calcareous soil

Abstract An Fe‐dust waste which accumulates as a by‐product from the steel industry poses a disposal problem. Since the waste material contains approximately 43% Fe, 5% Zn, and 2% Mn, it shows potential for recycling as an agricultural plant nutrient. The Fe waste was evaluated in laboratory experiments to explore solubility, availability and soil reaction relationships. Two forms of Fe waste (dust and pellet) were treated with various amounts of H2SO4 in an attempt to increase Fe solubility and enhance plant availability. The amount of Fe solubilized was directly proportional to the amount of acid used. Following Fe waste acidulation, the water soluble and DTPA soluble Fe was significantly higher from dust than from pellet, regardless of the acidulation. An incubation study of Fe waste (with and without H2SO4) in a calcareous Fe deficient soil indicated that Fe availability decreased sharply with soil reaction time. In a greenhouse experiment, the Fe waste material was evaluated to alleviate Fe chlorosis...
Effects of reduced training on submaximal and maximal running responses

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a reduction in training volume (RT) (8 km/day, 5 days/wk, for 10 days) in five highly trained collegiate distance runners. The subjects were tested midseason (MS) (110 km/wk), after a 10-day taper (80 km/wk) and subsequent championship meet (post-championship, PC), and post RT. PC data represent the runners at their peak performance capacity. Maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate (HR), and time to exhaustion during the max tests, as measured at PC and RT, were not altered. Other parameters were measured for all conditions. No changes were observed in body weight and percent body fat (p greater than 0.05). Submaximal treadmill runs (TR) at 265 and 298 m/min revealed no alterations in VO2 submax, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), HR and 2-min post-run lactate levels (p greater than 0.05). The HR during a 6-min track run (265 m/min) significantly increased (p less than 0.001) by 10 bts/min with RT vs MS and PC, which may be a result of mechanical or psychological changes. After RT, 1-min recovery HR (HRr) for the track run and 1- and 2-min post-TR were significantly elevated by 16, 12, and 12 bts/min, respectively. It is not apparent what role HRr serves as an indicator of fitness level and performance capability during reduced training. These results suggest that the reduced training program used did not sufficiently diminish nor improve aerobic capacity in highly trained distance runners.
Kainic acid stimulation of the lateral septum elicits tachycardia

Abstract Electrical stimulation of the lateral septum results in a transient cardiodeceleration which may represent parasympathetic rebound to a brief sympathetic activation. Kainic acid (KA) is a potent neuronal excitant. Stimulation of the lateral septum by KA produced a short-latency tachycardia. Vehicle injections, as well as KA administration to adjacent structures, did not effect significant changes in heart rate. Intraventricular KA, however, did result in a significant tachycardia. Knife cuts of the fornix, interrupting the glutamatergic innervation of the septum, completely blocked the cardiovascular response to KA. Pharmacological treatments reducing sympathetic activity prevented or reversed KA-elicited tachycardia. Thus, it appears that septal administration of KA produces sympathetic activation. KA may serve as a useful tool in studies assessing central regulation of the autonomie nervous system, and the interrelationship between autonomie activity and seizure-induced neuronal loss.
Surveys of converted Victorian town houses

The Victorian Town House, built in the second half of the 19th century to house the upper and middle classes with their retinue of servants, has since World War II been increasingly converted into self‐contained flats.
Pitfalls in assessing the quality of care for patients with cardiovascular disease

Abstract Purpose: There are no clinical performance measures for cardiovascular diseases that span the continuum of hospital through postdischarge ambulatory care. We tested the feasibility of developing and implementing such measures for patients with acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or hypertension. Subjects and methods: After reviewing practice guidelines and the medical literature, we developed potential measures related to therapy, diagnostic evaluation, and communication. We tested the feasibility of implementing the selected measures for 518 patients with myocardial infarction, 396 with heart failure, and 601 with hypertension who were enrolled in four major U.S. managed care plans at six geographic sites, using data from administrative claims, medical records, and patient surveys. Results: Difficulties in obtaining timely data and small numbers of cases adversely affected measurement. We encountered 6- to 12-month delays, disagreement between principal discharge diagnosis as coded in administrative and records data (for 9% of myocardial infarction and 21% of heart failure patients), missing medical records (20% for both myocardial infarction and heart failure patients), and problems in identifying physicians accountable for care. Low rates of performing key diagnostic tests (e.g., ejection fraction) excluded many cases from measures of appropriate therapy that were conditional on test results. Patient survey response rates were low. Conclusions: Constructing meaningful clinical performance measures is straightforward, but implementing them on a large scale will require improved data systems. Lack of standardized data captured at the point of clinical care and low rates of eligibility for key measures hamper measurement of quality of care.
Origin and Evolution of the Coil Planet Centrifuge: A Personal Reflection of My 40 Years of CCC Research and Development

Abstract The view by its founder of countercurrent chromatography history through the evolution of the coil planet centrifuge hydrodynamic chromatograph. Originally built for the separation of lymphocytes, the coil planet centrifuge took an unexpected course to become an efficient instrument that is currently widely used for separation and purification of natural and synthetic products.
Vietnamese family relationships: a lesson in cross-cultural care.

Information about cultural patterns presented in this article and others in this series represents generalizations, which should not be mistaken for stereotypes. Cultural generalizations will not fit every patient, but awareness of broad patterns can give practitioners a starting point from which to provide appropriate care. The information on Vietnamese family relationships in this essay are taken from S Farrale's chapter in Culture and Nursing Care: A Pocket Guide, edited by J G Lipson, S L Dibble, and P A Minarek. Tran Nyguen, a 65-year old Vietnamese woman, had just been discharged from the hospital and was receiving home health care for lung cancer and tubercular cavitary lesions in her lungs. She was living in a small apartment with 8 members of her extended family, all of whom had arrived in the United States 2 years earlier. Mrs Nyguen did not speak English, so her teenaged granddaughter was enlisted as interpreter. That this was a problem became clear when Martha, the home health nurse, observed that both the patient and the granddaughter would look at the 80-year-old uncle before speaking. Vietnamese culture is both hierarchic and male dominated; the uncle was the patriarch of the family and, thus, responsible for any decision making. Martha cleverly resolved the problem by having the granddaughter tell the uncle what the nurse was saying, and then the uncle passed the information on to the patient. When the patient responded, she spoke directly to the uncle, who passed the information on to the granddaughter, who then translated for the nurse. Although this translation technique was cumbersome, it upheld the traditional hierarchic structure in the family.1 In another case, a hospice worker discovered that the grandson acting as interpreter for an elderly Vietnamese man was neglecting to pass her instructions on to the patient after she left. By leaving, she left the grandson in the intolerable position of having to tell his grandfather what to do, something not allowed in the traditional hierarchic structure. The hospice worker should have remained in the room so the instructions would have been clearly seen as coming from her. Using an older authority figure, as in the case above, would have been even better.
Europium(II) and Ytterbium(II) Cyclic Organohydroborates with Agostic Interactions

The divalent lanthanide bis((cyclooctane-1,5-diyl)dihydroborate) complexes {K(THF)4}2{Ln{(mu-H)2BC8H14}4} (Ln = Eu, 3; Yb, 4) were prepared by a metathesis reaction between (THF)(x)LnCl2 and K[H2BC8H14] in THF in a 1:4 molar ratio. Although the reaction ratios were varied between 1:3 and 1:6, complexes 3 and 4 were the only lanthanide 9-BBN hydroborates produced. Because of disorder of THF in crystals of 3 and 4, good single-crystal X-ray structural data could not be obtained. However, when the potassium cation was replaced by the tetramethylammonium cation or when MeTHF (2-methyltetrahydrofuran) was employed in place of THF, good quality crystals were obtained. Complexes [NMe4]2[Ln{(mu-H)2BC8H14}4] (Ln = Eu, 5; Yb, 6) were afforded by metathesis reactions of NMe4Cl with 3 and 4 in situ. On the basis of the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, the four 9-BBN tetrahydroborate ligands are tetrahedrally arranged around the lanthanide cation in 5 and 6. The two structures differ in that one alpha-C-H bond from each of the four {(mu-H)2BC8H14}4 units exhibits an agostic interaction with Eu(II) in 5 but, in complex 6, only two of the alpha-C-H bonds form agostic interactions with Yb(II). Complexes {K(MeTHF)3}2{Ln{(mu-H)2BC8H14}4} (Ln = Eu, 7; Yb, 8) were produced by employing MeTHF in place of THF. The structures of 7 and 8 display connectivity between the anion {Ln{(mu-H)2BC8H14}4}2- and the cation {K(MeTHF)3}+, in which the potassium not only interacts directly with the hydrogens of the Ln-H-B bridged bonds but is also involved in agostic interactions with alpha-C-H bonds. By systematically examining the structures of complexes 3-8 and taking into account the previously reported complexes (THF)4Ln{(mu-H)2BC8H14}2 (Ln = Eu, 1; Yb, 2), it is concluded that Eu(II) appears to have a better ability to form agostic interactions than Yb(II) because of its larger size, even though Yb(II) has a higher positive charge density.
A model of structure optimization for a functionally graded material

Abstract A simple model is developed for the spatial variation of composition of a metal/ceramic functionally graded material. The composition profile is optimized, subject to certain constraints, such that the flow of heat through the material is either maximized or minimized. Normal thermal-stress profiles are calculated and are found to exhibit unusual behavior in some cases.
Norepinephrine regulates long-term potentiation of both the population spike and dendritic EPSP in hippocampal dentate gyrus ☆

Hippocampal slices from norepinephrine (NE)-depleted rats exhibited marked reductions in long-term potentiation (LTP) of both the population spike and dendritic EPSP in the dentate gyrus. In contrast, depletion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) had no effect on either population spike or EPSP-LTP. In addition, superfusion of slices with NE produced potentiation of both the granule cell population spike and dendritic EPSP which persisted long after NE washout. These data support a role for NE in regulating long-term plasticity of both granule cell action potential firing and dendritic EPSPs.
Controlled Formation of the Acid—Pyridine Heterosynthon over the Acid—Acid Homosynthon in 2-Anilinonicotinic Acids

Four substituted 2-anilinonicotinic acids were synthesized, and their crystal structures were analyzed. It was found that by chemically introducing bulky functional groups to the aniline ring of the molecules, it is possible to dislodge the planar conformation due to steric repulsion. As a result, acid−pyridine heterosynthons, not acid−acid homosynthons, are formed in the crystals. The study is believed to offer a refreshing case of how a molecule’s conformation can affect intermolecular interactions and consequent crystal packing.
On the difference between cohomological dimension and homological dimension

culim : Abe+ Ab . It is not difficult to see (and it will fail out below) that cdCat hd Calways. In [4), Dana Latch showed, using a spectral sequence, that if C has at most Hn morphisms, then (04 cdChdC<n + 1, provided C is assumed finite from below (that is, every object of C is the codomain of only a finite number of morphisms). The finiteness condition is, of course9 rather restrictive. For example, a group C which is finite from below is simply a finite
Model of Rayleigh-Taylor instability

Using concentrations of vorticity along the interface, a new model is proposed for the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the Boussinesq limit. The accuracy of the model is assessed by comparison with full numerical simulations.
The Strategic Value of HRD in Lean Strategy Implementation

Central to the relevance of HRD is the inclusion of HRD professionals and functions in organizational strategy. Understanding how HRD units and professionals contribute to or hinder organizational strategy is important for the fi eld. We describe an organizational case in which a systemic strategic initiative involving “Lean strategy” is deployed and the specifi c contributions by HRD. We also highlight and provide themes from both extant general strategy and Lean strategy literature and key fi ndings from thematic analysis from multilevel organizational interview data. An empirically derived model framing the strategic value of HRD in Lean strategy implementation is provided. These fi ndings highlight HRD contributions for organizations involved in strategy implementation.
A Note on the Reliability and Validity of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale of Social Desirability

(1974). A Note on the Reliability and Validity of the Marlowe-Crowne Scale of Social Desirability. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 139-140.
Cardiac Fibroblasts Support Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Sprout Formation but not the Development of Multicellular Sprouts in a Fibrin Gel Co-Culture Model

A primary impediment to cardiac tissue engineering lies in the inability to adequately vascularize the constructs to optimize survival upon implantation. During normal angiogenesis, endothelial cells (ECs) require a support cell to form mature patent lumens and it has been demonstrated that pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are all able to support the formation of mature vessels. In the heart, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) provide important electrical and mechanical functions, but to date have not been sufficiently studied for their role in angiogenesis. To study CFs role in angiogenesis, we co-cultured different concentrations of various cell types in fibrin hemispheres with appropriate combinations of their specific media, to determine the optimal conditions for EC growth and sprout formation through DNA analysis, flow cytometry and immunohistology. ECs proliferated best when co-cultured with CFs and analysis of immunohistological images demonstrated that ECs formed the longest and most numerous sprouts with CFs as compared to MSCs. However, ECs were able to produce more multicellular sprouts when in culture with the MSCs. Moreover, these effects were dependent on the ratio of support cell to EC in co-culture. Overall, CFs provide a good support system for EC proliferation and sprout formation; however, MSCs allow for more multicellular sprouts, which is more indicative of the in vivo process.
Five-year results for the Talent enhanced Low Profile System abdominal stent graft pivotal trial including early and long-term safety and efficacy.

Objectives The pivotal trial of the Talent enhanced Low Profile System (eLPS; Medtronic Vascular, Santa Rosa, Calif) stent graft evaluated short and long-term safety and efficacy of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). These data and a confirmatory group assessing the performance of the CoilTrac delivery system supported the United States premarket approval application for the device. Methods The pivotal trial was a prospective, nonrandomized study conducted at 13 sites from February 2002 to April 2003. The study group (n = 166) underwent EVAR using the Talent eLPS stent graft. The control group (n = 243) underwent open surgical AAA repair. Data for this group were obtained from the Society for Vascular Surgery Endovascular AAA Surgical Controls project. Outcomes were compared at 30 days and 12 months. Additional 5-year follow-up was obtained for the eLPS group. A single-center cohort of 137 patients was the confirmatory group for the assessment of the clinical performance of the CoilTrac delivery system, with analysis of outcomes ≤30 days from the procedure. Results AAA anatomy with neck length as short as 3 mm and maximum neck diameter of 32 mm were included in the eLPS group. EVAR was superior to open repair for periprocedural outcomes, including mean procedure duration (167.3 vs 196.4 minutes, P P P P P P Conclusions In a population with challenging anatomic characteristics, EVAR with the Talent eLPS and use of the CoilTrac delivery system compared favorably with open repair through 1 year. Sustained protection from ARM, with minimal reinterventions, was attained through 5 years.