cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Equivalence of Digital and Analog Signal Processing

A specific isomorphism is constructed via the transform domains between the analog signal space L2 (−∞, ∞) and the digital signal space l2. It is then shown that the class of linear time-invariant realizable filters is invariant under this isomorphism, thus demonstrating that the theories of processing signals with such filters are identical in the digital and analog cases. This means that optimization problems involving linear time-invariant realizable filters and quadratic cost functions are equivalent in the discrete-time and the continuous-time cases, for both deterministic and random signals. Finally, applications to the approximation problem for digital filters are discussed.
LC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Tubers Showing Zebra Chip Symptoms

A new potato disorder called Zebra Chip (ZC) has been identified in the United States and has been especially problematic in Texas, where substantial economic losses have been incurred. Upon frying, ZC tubers develop a dark “zebra” pattern of discoloration. LC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from symptomatic tubers revealed major alterations in aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds. Tyrosine concentrations increased over 8-fold in some symptomatic tubers, reaching up to 3 mg/g DW; This increase may be a major component of the browning of ZC tubers. No marked differences in chlorogenic acid concentrations were found, but differences in other caffeoyl derivatives, including caffeoylpolyamines, were observed. Salicylic acid, a key regulator of plant defenses, was present at very high concentrations in ZC tubers, which is consistent with what would be expected from tubers mounting a defense response to a pathogen. ZC tubers may be a useful model to study how certain plant-microbe/pest or plant-environment interactions affect tuber physiology.
PET sheds light on Alzheimer's disease genetic risk

Twenty-plus years of positron emission tomography (PET) data show that relative to cognitively intact controls, persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have reduced 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake. This phenomenon is seen in brain regions containing amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and supports the assertion that AD brains have reduced glucose consumption (1). From a diagnostic perspective, although the sensitivity of FDG PET in AD approaches that of the clinical impression, because its specificity is limited, PET is not used by itself to diagnose AD. Still, PET can refine the clinical impression, predict which patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to frank AD, and even help identify which normal elderly individuals are at greatest risk of cognitively declining within the next several years (1–3). In this issue of PNAS, Mosconi et al. (4) build upon and extend this line of work. They now report an analysis of PET scans from cognitively intact individuals with a maternal history of AD, a paternal history of AD, or no parental history of AD. PET findings were unremarkable in subjects without an affected parent and in subjects with an AD-affected father. PET scans from those with affected mothers, however, showed reduced parietal, temporal, medial temporal, frontal, and posterior cingulate glucose consumption. At face value, these data suggest that a maternally inherited genetic factor or factors influence brain metabolism.
On the contribution of a stochastic background of gravitational radiation to the timing noise of pulsars

The influence of a stochastic and isotropic background of gravitational radiation on timing measurements of pulsars is investigated, and it is shown that pulsar timing noise may be used to establish a significant upper limit of about 10 to the -10th on the total energy density of very long-wavelength stochastic gravitational waves. This places restriction on the strength of very long wavelength gravitational waves in the Friedmann model, and such a background is expected to have no significant effect on the approximately 3 K electromagnetic background radiation or on the dynamics of a cluster of galaxies.
Revisiting Hume's law

Zanni and Stavis (2007) claim that empirical evidence demonstrates that outpatient psychiatric commitment has an economic and clinical utilitarian basis, and from that position they assert that par...
A matrix model of circulation control

Abstract In this paper, a general abstract model of circulation control systems having utility in practical implementations is discussed. Specifically addressed are the pragmatic issues involved in the implementation of a matrix model using an orthogonal list data structure for very large arrays. Implications for file locking are also discussed. It is hoped that the application of the matrix model to practical problems may result in improved, more efficient circulation control systems and procedures.
Degradation of selected xenobiotic compounds in three types of aquatic test systems

Abstract The biodegradation rates of p -nitrophenol, methyl parathion and p -cresol were compared in test systems composed of sediment and water collected from various estuarine sites. p -Nitrophenol and methyl parathion degradation was fastest in intact sediment/water cores followed by sediment/water shake flasks and slowest in water shake flasks. p -Cresol degraded rapidly in all test systems. The applicability of a first-order kinetic model to describe the degradation of these compounds was examined.
A Modeling Study of Cyclical Phase Transformations

Recent work has shown evidence of cyclical phase transformations taking place during mechanical alloying. Cyclical phase transformations resemble dynamic equilibrium in the sense that both equilibrium and non-equilibrium phases are simultaneously present during milling, but phase fractions vary during cyclical transformations. A brief thermodynamic and kinetic account is first discussed to establish the criteria for cyclical transformations. A two-dimensional molecular dynamic work is then presented to demonstrate cyclical phase transitions between an equilibrium and a non-equilibrium phase during mechanical alloying. A model binary crystal made of 57 Lennard-Jones atoms is studied to illustrate cyclical transitions between an equilibrium rhombus and a non-equilibrium square phase.
RFLP markers associated with soybean cyst nematode resistance and seed composition in a ‘Peking’×‘Essex’ population

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, causes severe damage to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] throughout North America and worldwide. Molecular markers associated with loci conferring SCN resistance would be useful in breeding programs using marker-assisted selection (MAS). In this study, 200 F2:3 families derived from two contrasting parents, SCN-resistant ‘Peking’ with relatively low protein and oil concentrations, and SCN-susceptible ‘Essex’ with high protein and oil concentrations, were used to determine loci underlying the SCN resistance and seed composition. Three different SCN Race isolates (1, 3, and 5) were used to screen both parents and F2:3 families. The parents were surveyed with 216 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes with five different restriction enzymes. Fifty-six were polymorphic and contrasted with trait data from bioassays to identify molecular markers associated with loci controlling resistance to SCN and seed composition. Five RFLP markers, A593 and T005 on linkage group (LG) B, A018 on LG E, and K014 and B072 on LG H, were significantly linked to resistance loci for Race 1 isolate, which jointly explained 57.7% of the total phenotypic variation. Three markers (B072 and K014, both on LG H; T005 on LG B) were associated with resistance to the Race 3 isolate and jointly explained 21.4% of the total phenotypic variation. Two markers (K011 on LG I, A963 on LG E) associated with resistance to the Race 5 isolate together explained 14.0% of the total phenotypic variation. In the same population we also identified two RFLP markers (B072 on LG H, B148 on LG F) associated with loci conferring protein concentration, which jointly explained 32.3% of the total phenotypic variation. Marker B072 was also linked to loci controlling the concentration of seed oil, which explained 21% of the total phenotypic variation. Clustering among quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning resistance to different SCN Race isolates and seed protein and oil concentrations may exist in this population. We believe that markers located near these QTLs could be used to select for new SCN resistance and higher levels of seed protein and oil concentrations in breeding improved soybean cultivars.
Stability of the Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition and K-ABC for Young Black and White Children from low Income Families

The stability of the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children was investigated by administering the tests to a sample of 71 low SES children at age 4 and again at age 6. Data were analyzed by comparing group mean scores, computing correlation coefficients, and determining individual change scores from time one to time two. The SB:FE mean composite scores for the group were very similar at both ages, correlation coefficients between the two sets of scores were high, and the difference scores were within acceptable limits. However, the area scores of the SB:FE were somewhat less stable. The correlation coefficients for the K-ABC Global scales were also high, but mean scores for this test increased significantly. Difference scores for the K-ABC scales also were within acceptable limits. Thus, both the SB:FE and K-ABC were highly stable from ages 4 to 6 for this sample of children from low income families. No significant differences were found between the Black and White subg...
Effects of Targeted Self-Coaching on Applicant Distortion of Personality Measures

The present study evaluated the impact of reading self-coaching book excerpts on success at faking a personality test. Participants (N = 207) completed an initial honest personality assessment and a subsequent assessment with faking instructions under one of the following self-coaching conditions: no coaching, chapters from a commercial book on how to fake preemployment personality scales, and personality coaching plus a chapter on avoiding lie-detection scales. Results showed that those receiving coaching materials had greater success in raising their personality scores, primarily on the traits that had been targeted in the chapters. In addition, those who read the chapter on avoiding lie-detection scales scored significantly lower on a popular impression management scale while simultaneously increasing their personality scores. Implications for the use of personality tests in personnel selection are discussed.
Involvement of tissue plasminogen activator in stress responsivity during acute cocaine withdrawal in mice

There is evidence that increased release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) contributes to stress responsivity during cocaine withdrawal (WD). Recent studies suggest that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the CeA is a downstream effector protein for CRF after acute “binge” cocaine administration. The purpose of this study was to determine if tPA modulates cocaine WD-induced stress responsivity. Wild-type (WT) and tPA-deficient (tPA − / − ) mice were subjected to chronic (14 days) “binge” cocaine (45 mg/kg per day) or its acute (1 day) WD. Extracellular tPA activity, CRF mRNA levels, and plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured in tPA − / − and WT mice. Extracellular tPA activity was reduced by 50% in the CeA and medial amygdala of WT mice after chronic cocaine and returned to basal levels after acute WD. Unlike WT mice, tPA − / − mice did not display elevated amygdalar CRF mRNA levels during cocaine WD. In comparison to WT mice, tPA − / − mice...
Building on the familiar to teach information science skills

It is pointed out that engineering information consists of more than the formal literature. By building on the information sources that are most frequently used by practicing engineers, librarians and faculty can provide a base for information literacy. It is further pointed out that, by incorporating a variety of formats in the development of this base, students can learn basic principles that apply to all formats they will encounter in their careers. >
How to win friends and (possibly) influence mainstream economists

In the paper "Conversation or Monologue: On Advising Heterodox Economists," we are taken to task by Matias Vernengo on a number of issues made in Colander, Holt, and Rosser (2004b; 2007-8). In this paper, we respond to two central arguments made by Vernengo, and stand by our earlier arguments that (1) heterodox economists hurt themselves by self-labeling themselves as heterodox because mainstream economics no longer is limited to a neoclassical orthodoxy, and that (2) heterodox economists would be well served to spend less time writing about methodology and more time writing about policy issues.
The four-dimensional goldberg conjecture is true for almost Kähler submersions

If the four-dimensional total space of an almost Hermitian submersion is Einstein and almost Kahler, then it is Kahler.
Trichomoniasis as Seen in a Chronic Vaginitis Clinic

Objective: We sought to determine the clinical and laboratory features of trichomonas vaginitis (TV) in a chronic vaginitis clinic. Methods: We studied 45 women with symptomatic TV attending a specialty chronic vaginitis clinic. These patients were older than the usual symptomatic patients with TV. They frequently described unusual chronicity of symptoms, halfbeing referred because of clinical resistance and the other half referred because of chronic vaginitis of unknown etiology. Results: In spite of the chronicity of infection, the signs and symptoms of florid inflammation were still evident and high numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and parasitic load were present. Conclusions: A longstanding infection, especially if previously untreated, invariably responded to conventional nitroimidazole therapy. In .addition, the majority of patients seen with clinical resistance to the conventional doses of metronidazole responded to high-dose oral metronidazole therapy. Unsuspected TV should always be considered in low-risk patients with chronic vulvovaginal symptoms. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The adenoviral transcription factor, E1A 13S, trans-activates the human tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter.

Abstract The 1311 bp TNF-α promoter region fused to a luciferase reporter vector was used in a transient transfection system to study the regulation of TNF-α promoter activity by E1A 13S in the U937 macrophage cell line and the MLA 144 T cell line. Co-transfections of the TNF-α promoter with an E1A expression vector resulted in a strong trans-activation of the promoter in both cell lines. Sequential truncation of the promoter mapped the E1A responsive region to sequences contained between −120 bp and the transcription start site. Truncation to −95 bp caused a dramatic 87% reduction of E1A activation in MLA 144 cells and further truncation to −36 bp caused a complete loss of E1A activation. In U937 cells, each truncation lowered E1A responsiveness but activity was never completely abolished. Site-directed mutagenesis of putative cis-acting sequences in the TNF-α promoter identified the AP-1 site as important for E1A trans-activation in the U937 cell line; the AP-2 and CRE sites also appeared to contribute to a lesser degree. In contrast, only the CRE mutation caused a reduction in E1A induced activity in the MLA 144 cell line. Co-transfection of the E1A expression vector with expression vectors for the cellular transcription factors AP-1, AP-2 and CREB indicated that none of these transcription factors showed any co-operativity with E1A. Thus, cis-acting sequences which contribute to E1A trans-activation of the TNF-α promoter have been delineated.
The Organization of the Antennal Lobe Correlates Not Only with Phylogenetic Relationship, But Also Life History: A Basal Hymenopteran as Exemplar

The structure of the brain is a consequence of selective pressures and the ancestral brain structures modified by those pressures. The Hymenoptera are one of the most behaviorally complex insect orders, and the olfactory system of honeybees (one of the most derived members) has been extensively studied. To understand the context in which the olfactory system of the Hymenoptera evolved, we performed a variety of immunocytochemical and anatomical labeling techniques on the antennal lobes (ALs) of one of its most primitive members, the sawflies, to provide a comparison between the honeybee and other insect model species. The olfactory receptor neurons project from the antennae to fill the entire glomerular volume but do not form distinct tracts as in the honeybee. Labeling of projection neurons revealed 5 output tracts similar to those in moths and immunolabeling for several transmitters revealed distinct populations of local interneurons and centrifugal neurons that were also similar to moths. There were, however, no histaminergic or dopaminergic AL neurons. The similarities between sawflies and moths suggest that along with the great radiation and increased complexity of behavioral repertoire of the Hymenoptera, there were extensive modifications of AL structure.
Correlations and scaling in one-dimensional heat conduction

We examine numerically the full spatiotemporal correlation functions for all hydrodynamic quantities for the random collision model introduced recently. The autocorrelation function of the heat current, through the Kubo formula, gives a thermal conductivity exponent of $1/3$ in agreement with the analytical prediction and previous numerical work. Remarkably, this result depends crucially on the choice of boundary conditions: for periodic boundary conditions (as opposed to open boundary conditions with heat baths) the exponent is $\ensuremath{\approx}1/2.$ All primitive hydrodynamic quantities scale with the dynamic critical exponent predicted analytically.
Scientific Exploration in the Era of Ocean Observatories

The authors introduce an ocean observatory, offer a vision of observatory-enabled scientific exploration, and discuss the requirements and approaches for generating provenance-aware products in such environments.
Measuring changes in activity patterns during a norovirus epidemic at a retirement community

Ubiquitous and unobtrusive in-home monitoring has the potential to detect physical and mental decline earlier and with higher precision than current clinical methods. However, given that this field is in its infancy, the specific metrics through which these changes are detected are not well defined. The work presented here offers room-transitions, the act of physically moving from one area of a home to another, as a quantifiable measure for total daily activity that can be inferred from a network of passive infrared sensors. We describe a method to calculate this value from raw sensor data and validate this method on an acute health event: an 18-day quarantine at a retirement community that was initiated in the midst of a norovirus outbreak. The results from this case study show that room-transition values increased significantly as subjects remained in their homes during the quarantine, demonstrating a mean increase of 12 transitions per day. Furthermore, a time-adjusted measure of room-transitions is examined that did not significantly change across the group. Finally, the healthy subjects and those that fell ill were analyzed separately, and significant differences were found between them for both the raw and time-adjusted metrics. As detection algorithms improve, these types of measures may be useful in the early detection of a change in health status.
Neutrinos on earth and in the heavens

Recent data suggest a simple and intriguing form of the neutrino mass matrix. We show how the data may constrain solar neutrino oscillations to be nearly maximal [and rule out the small-angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) explanation of solar neutrino observations] if relic neutrinos comprise at least three percent of the critical mass density of the universe.
Waterpipe Smoking and Regulation in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Background: Researchers in tobacco control are concerned about the increasing prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States, which may pose similar risks as cigarette smoking. This review explores the prevalence of waterpipe smoking in the United States as well as the shortcomings of current U.S. policy for waterpipe control and regulation. Methods: Researchers conducted a literature review for waterpipe articles dated between 2004 and 2015 using five online databases: MEDLINE, CINHAHL, ScienceDirect, PMC, and Cochrane Library. Results: To date, few studies have explored the marketing and regulation of waterpipe smoking in the U.S., which has increased in the last ten years, especially among women, adolescents, and young adults. Data indicate that the majority of waterpipe smokers are unaware of the potential risks of use. In addition, current tobacco control policies do not address waterpipe smoking, enabling tobacco companies to readily market and sell waterpipe products to young adults, who are at risk for becoming lifelong smokers. Conclusion: Policy makers in the area of public health need to update existing tobacco regulations to include waterpipe smoking. Similarly, public health researchers should develop public health campaigns and interventions to address the increasing rates of waterpipe smoking in the United States.
A Broad View of Education and Training

This reaction responds to the three core articles in the Major Contribution in the September 2005issue of The Counseling Psychologist regarding (a) how counseling psychology programs fit within academic structures, (b) how our training models relate to student and faculty outcomes, and (c) how much progress has been made toward increasing the diversity of our faculty. The authors (a director/internship director in a university counseling center and a training director of a counseling psychology program) share a belief in the continued need for teachers and trainers in counseling psychology to work together, not only within departments and colleges but across campuses and throughout the field. The importance of collaboration between graduate programs and college counseling centers is highlighted, and support for a closer fit with colleges of education is stressed, along with a commitment to children and adolescents. This Major Contribution will hopefully reinvigorate other cooperative efforts.
Transparency in Transcribing: Making Visible Theoretical Bases Impacting Knowledge Construction from Open-Ended Interview Records

This article presents a reflexive analysis of two transcripts of an open-ended interview and argues for transparency in transcribing processes and outcomes. By analyzing ways in which a researcher's theories become consequential in producing and using transcripts of an open-ended interview, this paper makes visible the importance of examining and presenting theoretical bases of transcribing decisions. While scholars across disciplines have argued that transcribing is a theoretically laden process (GREEN, FRANQUIZ & DIXON, 1997; KVALE & BRINKMAN, 2009), few have engaged in reflexive analyses of the data history to demonstrate the consequences particular theoretical and methodological approaches pose in producing knowledge claims and inciting dialogues across traditions. The article demonstrates how theory-method-claim relationships in transcribing influence research transparency and warrantability. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1201146
Revealing the multidimensional framework of the Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale

Objectives: The version of the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) under consideration consists of nine items. No psychometric analyses of this version have been published. The objectives of...
Toward 3D uncalibrated monocular visual servo

This work is an initial step toward combining control theory with computer vision for the case of uncalibrated monocular (or single-camera) three-dimensional manipulation. We investigate an achievable control goal using a novel image measure and derive a sampled-data control system that results in quick convergence of the end-effector trajectory to a depth-invariant velocity subspace in the camera coordinate frame. We also discuss how this uncalibrated behavior can be used to perform online calibration.
Hearing the Voices of Adolescent Boys in Choral Music: A Self-Story

The techniques of narrative inquiry may provide a framework for investigations of how the social, academic, and musical needs of adolescents can inform the process of teaching choral music in the middle grades. While a burgeoning body of narrative literature illustrates the musical experiences of individuals during instruction, missing from this dialogue are the voices of “marginalized singers”- those who want to participate in choral music but who feel excluded because of perceived ability or other attributions. When teaching strategies do not reflect the changing needs of young adolescent boys, the result can be an experience of frustration and disempowerment; this was the personal experience of the author. The author draws upon his self-story to suggest that listening to the stories of young adolescent boys about their singing experiences may provide a more complete understanding of how success and persistence can be planned for within the choral environment of middle schools.
Minimum-Fuel Ascent to Orbit using Air-Breathing Propulsion

Single-stage vehicles using air-breathing propulsion hold promise for more economical delivery of payloads to orbit. The characterization of minimum-fuel trajectories over the range of possible engine and aerodynamic performance of such vehicles provides useful feedback to engine and vehicle designers and paves the way for the development of guidance logic. In this paper, the minimum-fuel trajectory problem is formulated, propulsion system and aerodynamic models are presented, a numerical solution approach is described, and some preliminary results are discussed.
Race and Our Political System: An Examination of Political Allegiance and Alienation in Contemporary America

Political allegiance has been shown to influence how much people trust and have confidence in their government as well as their political behavior and attitudes. However, little has been done to examine the intersection of this concept with race. As the demographics of America continue to change, the importance of how race mediates the concept of political allegiance is only magnified. Simply put, this paper examines the intersection of political allegiance and race, and how this relationship influences political participation as well as attitudes about individual civil liberties and equality in America. Using data from the Multi-State Survey on Race and Politics, the determinants of political allegiance, namely race, are explored. The mediating effect of race on political allegiance is then modeled in order to predict political participation, attitudes towards civil liberties and views of equality in America. Findings suggest that race is an important predictor of political allegiance, and also mediates the power of allegiance on the political outcomes of interest. This research shows that the concept of political allegiance, and more broadly the relationship between people and their government, must be examined from within a framework of race and ethnicity.
Applicability of Church Autonomy and Religious Question Doctrines to the Shari’Ah Board in Islamic Financial Institutions

Shari’a is the divine law of Islam. The Islamic Finance Industry provides financial products in accordance with Shari’ah, i.e. Shari’ah-compliant products. In 2010, financial experts estimated the worth of Shari’ah-compliant assets at almost 1 trillion dollar globally. Islamic finance practice is not limited to Sharia-based legal systems. UK is ranked as 9th country in holding Shari’ah-compliant assets while United States is home of at least nine financial institutions that provide Shari’ah-compliant products. It means that a large portion of Islamic finance transactions is conducted in a non-Islamic legal environment. Hence, Islamic financial institutions use a business model which is based on reference to Islamic legal norms that are not enforced as the law of the state. Under this model, a Shari’ah board — consisting of Islamic scholars — verifies compliance of the financial products with Shari’ah, and its verification is a required condition prior to the contract. However, since Shari’ah is arguably a governing law of the contract— along with a law of financial centers e.g. New York or London — the contract can be challenged on the ground that it does not comply with Shari’ah before a court; a concept referred to as “Sharia risk”. This paper examines the interplay between the ex-ante determination of compliance of an Islamic finance transaction by Shari’ah board and its ex-post determination by a court in the United States where the religious question and church autonomy doctrine bar the court from adjudicating a religious question.
Heritability and Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Intracranial Carotid Artery Calcification The Rotterdam Study

Background and Purpose—Intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) is one of the most important risk factors for stroke. Although several environmental risk factors for ICAC have been identified, its genetic background remains unclear. Methods—Between 2003 and 2006, 2034 participants from the prospective population-based Rotterdam study (mean age: 69.6±6.8 years; 51.7% female) underwent computed tomography to quantify vascular calcification in the intracranial internal carotid artery. Blood samples were drawn for genotyping. Genotypes of the participants were imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel to generate genetic relationship matrices for the estimation of the heritability of ICAC volume. Adjustments were made for age and sex. Subsequently, genome-wide association analyses were performed to identify specific variants. Results—The age- and sex-adjusted heritability (h2) of ICAC was 47% [standard error (SE): 19%; P=0.009]. Genome-wide association analyses identified a variant on chromosome 9p2...
Head-Capsule Measurements of Southern Armyworm Larvae (Prodenia Eridania (Cramer))

The observation by Dyar (1890) that the sclerotized parts of insects do not change in area during a stadium but increase only at ecdysis led to the generalization that the changes in width of the head capsule of a larva in its successive stages usually follow a regular geometric progression, and this generalization has become known as Dyar's rule. This rule has been used by Taylor (1931), Gaines and Campbell (1935), Peterson and Haeussler (1928), and others to determine the number of instars undergone by certain larvae and also to determine if the observed number of molts coincided with the number required if Dyar's rule was applicable.
Residues of Oxytetracycline in Honey Stored by Apis mellifera

Residues of oxytetracycline (Terramycin®) ( 4 ppm) were found in the broodnest honey in 6 of 9 colonies of Apis mellifera L. treated in the spring with antibiotic extender patties or antibiotic dusting and in all 3 colonies treated with patties in both the spring and summer. By autumn, small quantities of oxytetracycline were still present in the honey from 5 colonies. However, surplus honey stored by the bees above the broodnest was always free of residues of oxytetracycline regardless of the method of application, duration of treatment, or season when applied.
Application and quality control of NucliSens EasyQ method in the HIV-1 viral load detection

Objective:To investigate the guiding significance of HIV viral load(VL) level by the NucliSens EasyQ method,additionally,to analyze the key points in the quality control of the experiment.Methods: The plasma samples submitted in Zhejiang Province from March 2008 to December 2010 were detected for HIV-1 viral load,and experimental results were analyzed statistically combined with sample information.Results: There was significantly negative correlation between the CD4 lymphocytes count X and viral load Y(lg(Y)=-0.002X+4.397,X800,R=0.342,P0.01,N=431).The total rate of invalid results was 5.0%(106/2129),most were caused by the residual magnetic silica or guanidine thiocyanate(accounting for 63.2%).Code 4(no amplification) and code 9(weak amplification) were the most common for invalid results,accounting for 83.0%(88/106).Conclusion: Viral load was of great significance in monitoring and prediction of disease and antiretroviral treatment for HIV-infected patients.The key point in the quality control of experiment was to avoid the residual magnetic silica and guanidine thiocyanate.
Enhancing the performance of hybrid optical wireless network by reducing delay using combination of reactive and proactive algorithm

Hybrid Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network has recently emerged as a promising architecture among broadband access networks. It has wireless at the front end and Passive Optical Network (PON) at the backend. It provides high capacity, flexibility, and reliability and is a cost effective solution. Much of the recent research work has been focused on wireless mesh part because of the rapid advancements in wireless technology. But, network delay is still a major challenge, which is due to the capacity mismatch between optical and wireless parts of the network. In this paper, we propose a new scheme wherein we use a hybrid of reactive and proactive routing algorithms with a design goal of delay minimization. We compare our algorithm with two existing algorithms i.e., RARA (based on reactive routing only) and CADAR (based on proactive routing only). The simulation results indicate that our algorithm achieves lower delays at higher loads.
Imaging system MTF- modeling with modulation functions

This paper introduces camera imaging module systems involving smaller pixel geometries. Lowering pixel size challenges improving system performance. In any imaging system engineering design, it is important to determine predictive response portfolio. This is studied in this paper using a theoretical model with the help of modulation functions. Predicted response of certain influencing individual subsystems of an imaging system are presented graphically using MATLAB scripts. An attempt is made to collect practical data to support these theoretical measurements. Challenges involved in these measurements are presented with recommendations for future improvement.
Poster Abstract: Smart Urban Surveillance Using Fog Computing

Though the rapid globally urbanization and Internet of Things (IoT) are creating great opportunities for researchers and urban planners to get significant insight of our cities, efficient information extraction and instant decision making are still key issues in which Cloud Computing is not the universal solution any more. We present an urban traffic speeding monitoring system using Fog Computing which not only can track the speeding vehicle and obtain speed information in real-time, but also implement multi-target tracking using single target tracking algorithm. The preliminary experimental results are encouraging and validate our Fog Computing architecture.
IQC-based robustness analysis of discrete-time linear time-varying systems

Summary The paper investigates the robust stability and performance of uncertain linear time-varying (LTV) systems using an integral quadratic constraint (IQC) based analysis approach. Specifically, previous theoretical work on IQC-based robustness analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems is extended to discrete-time LTV systems. In the case of a general LTV nominal system, the analysis solution is provided in terms of an infinite-dimensional convex optimization problem. This optimization problem reduces into a finite-dimensional semidefinite program when the nominal system in question is finite horizon, periodic, or, more generally, eventually periodic. Finally, the results are applied to an unmanned aircraft control system executing an aggressive maneuver, where the developed techniques are used to find the region in which the aircraft is guaranteed to reside at the end of its planned trajectory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An automatic control solution for impaired airplane with asymmetrical engine failures

An asymmetrical engine failure in a multi-engine aircraft during flight can pose an immediate threat and lead to a fatal crash if no appropriate corrective action is taken in time. Although almost all pilots are trained to follow a protocol to manually mitigate the crisis, asymmetrical engine failure still remains as one of the main precursors leading to fatal aircraft crash. In this paper, an automatic control solution designed based on H 2 servomechanism control theory is proposed to effectively address this issue. The NASA GTM (Generic Transport Model) T2 aircraft, which is a twin-turbine unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is employed as a test bed. The UAV is 5 5% dynamically scaled to realistically simulate characteristics of a full-scale large civil transport jet aircraft.
Application of ESCA to the Analysis of Atmospheric Particulates

Aerosol particles (also referred to as particulate matter or particulates) play a major role in the overall air pollution problem. They are responsible for reduction of visibility and acidification of waters, and in certain size ranges are deposited in the lungs where they can cause a variety of health effects. The air pollution aerosol particles can consist of solid and/or liquid substances. Some of these, such as windblown dust, soot, and fly ash, originate in sources outside the atmosphere and are known as “primary” particles. Others are formed directly in the atmosphere by reactions among the primary particulate and gaseous species and are known as “secondary” pollutants. The nature of both these primary and secondary particulate species, as well as the extent to which atmospheric chemistry is governed by (photochemical) gas-phase or heterogeneous gas-particle reaction mechanisms, is presently a very active area of research.
Trading spatial resolution for improved accuracy when using detection algorithms on remote sensing imagery

In this work, we consider the problem of detecting target objects in remote sensing imagery; such as detecting rooftops, trees, or cars in color/hyperspectral imagery. Many detection algorithms for this problem work by assigning a decision statistic (or “confidence”) to all, or a subset, of spatial locations in the data. A threshold is then applied to the statistics to identify detections. The detection theory underpinning this general approach assumes that a yes/no decision must be made, individually, for each location. In some applications, however, the precise location of the detected objects may be less important than knowing how many total objects there are. In this work we propose two methods that can permit a generic detection algorithm to gradually lower the spatial certainty, or resolution, of its detections in order to improve the accuracy of the overall number of detected objects. We validate the proposed methods on a controlled synthetic dataset as well as a real dataset from previously published work on solar photovoltaic array detection in color aerial imagery.
Moving from Chasm to Convergence: Benefits and Barriers to Academic Activism for Social Justice and Equity.

There are many natural links between academic work and activism that can be used for social justice and equity, but remain underdeveloped in higher education. Using the concept of liminality and the inclusion of personal voice that is central in Scholarly Personal Narrative methodology, this article explores academic activism in multiple ways. First, a series of “purposeful conversations” with educators at the University of Malta suggest that the level of self-affiliation with activism is influenced by academic discipline and the presence of impactful successes related to activism. Challenges within academic activism include devaluing activism within academic structures, and balancing the roles and actions of academic, activism, and personal lives. Second, benefits of activism in student learning are described, including (a) using synoptic learning as a curricular organizing concept for intellectual development, equity, and social justice and (b) exploring activism as a robust organizing concept for student learning across disciplines. Third, systemic barriers (e.g., maintenance of privilege) and anti-activism as moral high ground (e.g., activism as dangerous, too radical, narrowly appropriate, and unnecessary) are identified using two examples of curricular approval processes at a Midwestern university. Fourth, strategies to disrupt barriers to academic activism suggested by these results are presented.
Small Cell Variant of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Highlighting a Potentially Fatal and Easily Missed Diagnosis.

Context. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis. While typically described as comprising large atypical cells restricted to the lumina of small blood vessels, it can show variability in cell size. Objective. To report the clinicopathologic features of the IVLBCL with small cell morphology and discuss the practical implications of our findings. Design. We searched our archives for all IVLBCL diagnosed in our institution for the last 25 years (1992–2017). Slides were reviewed independently by two hematopathologists. Results. We found a total of 11 cases of IVLBCL. Bone marrow, brain, lymph node, pericardium, small bowel, and fallopian tube and ovary were the organs in which the lymphoma was initially diagnosed. One of the cases initially diagnosed in the marrow showed intrasinusoidal involvement by a small cell lymphoma; the diagnosis was confirmed by random skin biopsies showing intravascular large cells with the same phenotype. Retrospective review of the liver on this case also showed the intrasinusoidal involvement by the disease consisting of small cells. In another case, IVLBCL that was initially diagnosed in a small bowel biopsy was retrospectively found in a breast biopsy, but with small cell morphology. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that, in the presence of high clinical suspicion, IVLBCL should be high in the differential diagnosis when lymphoma is predominantly intravascular, even when the tumor cells are small. A timely diagnosis of this entity can be critical. Hence, awareness of a small cell variant of IVLBCL should be increased.
Community and subcommunity in small-town America, 1880–1950

Throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the American Jewish population was heavily concentrated in the large and mid-size cities of the United States. At the same time, however, tens of thousands of Jews lived in America's smaller cities and towns as well. This essay examines how some of the basic features of Jewish life in the immigrant era were manifested in America's less visible Jewish centers. It discusses the nature of East European Jewish culture in small towns, and demonstrates that factors such as kinship, residential and occupational patterns, the use of Yiddish, and local institutional frameworks all promoted more highly integrated and intensively Jewish ethnic communities than might have been expected in small-town America. The essay also examines the relationship between German Jews and East Europeans in small towns and considers various other aspects of communal dynamics. In doing so, it describes how in some places a kind of cooperation and creative compromise developed that did not emerge in larger communities, and it reveals how in other places communal divisions persisted despite environmental factors that should have promoted their moderation. Ultimately, this essay demonstrates that the communities of America's smaller cities and towns in the decades before World War II were not simply miniature versions of the communities of larger metropolitan areas, and it suggests that for those interested in the dynamics of Jewish communal life, smaller Jewish settlements can provide valuable laboratories in which to study the role of place in conditioning the American Jewish experience.
Outcomes of Intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection in Adults with Congenital Spinal Dysraphism at a Tertiary Transitional Urology Clinic

AbstractIntroduction:Published data regarding intradetrusor injection of onabotulinumtoxinA in adults with congenital spinal dysraphism are scarce. We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of i...
Commutative ring theory and algebraic geometry

In Chapter II, all our results were proved for plane algebraic curves. It is natural to try to extend these results to arbitrary complex-algebraic varieties in affine or projective n-space. What do arbitrary varieties look like in the neighborhood of a point? How does one prove a general dimension theorem ? What can be said about the connectedness or orientability of arbitrary varieties? Can we get topological invariants (like the genus) directly from a defining set of polynomials instead of analyzing each variety separately?
Neutron Resonance Parameters and Covariance Matrix of 239Pu

In order to obtain the resonance parameters in a single energy range and the corresponding covariance matrix, a reevaluation of 239Pu was performed with the code SAMMY. The most recent experimental data were analyzed or reanalyzed in the energy range thermal to 2.5 keV. The normalization of the fission cross section data was reconsidered by taking into account the most recent measurements of Weston et al. and Wagemans et al. A full resonance parameter covariance matrix was generated. The method used to obtain realistic uncertainties on the average cross section calculated by SAMMY or other processing codes was examined.
Comparison of Vacuum MALDI and AP-MALDI Platforms for the Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Metabolites Involved in Salt Stress in Medicago truncatula

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is routinely used to determine the spatial distributions of various biomolecules in tissues. Recently, there has been an increased interest in creating higher resolution images using sources with more focused beams. One such source, an atmospheric pressure (AP) MALDI source from MassTech, has a laser capable of reaching spatial resolutions of 10 μm. Here, the AP-MALDI source coupled with a Q Exactive HF Orbitrap platform is compared to the commercial MALDI LTQ Orbitrap XL system using Medicago truncatula root nodules. AP-MALDI parameters, such as the S-lens value, capillary temperature, and spray voltage, were optimized on the Q Exactive-HF platform for optimal detection of plant metabolites. The performance of the two systems was evaluated for sensitivity, spatial resolution, and overall ability to detect plant metabolites. The commercial MALDI LTQ Orbitrap XL was superior regarding the number of compounds detected, as at least two times more m/z were detected compared to the AP-MALDI system. However, although the AP-MALDI source requires a spatial resolution higher than 10 μm to get the best signal, the spatial resolution at 30 μm is still superior compared to the 75 μm spatial resolution achieved on the MALDI platform. The AP-MALDI system was also used to investigate the metabolites present in M. truncatula roots and root nodules under high salt and low salt conditions. A discriminative analysis with SCiLS software revealed m/z ions specific to the control and salt conditions. This analysis revealed 44 m/z ions present at relatively higher abundances in the control samples, and 77 m/z enriched in the salt samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem MS was performed to determine the putative molecular identities of some of the mass ions enriched in each sample, including, asparagine, adenosine, and nicotianamine in the control samples, and arginine and soyasaponin I in the salt treated samples.