cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracellular ATP and IL-23 Form a Local Inflammatory Circuit Leading to the Development of a Neutrophil-Dependent Psoriasiform Dermatitis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease dependent on the IL-23/IL-17 axis, a potent inflammatory pathway involved in pathogen clearance and autoimmunity. Several triggers have been proposed as initiators for psoriasis, including alarmins such as adenosine triphosphate. However, the role of alarmins in psoriasis pathogenesis and cutaneous inflammation has not been well addressed. Studies show that signaling through the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) pathway underlies the development of psoriasiform inflammation. In this regard, psoriasiform dermatitis induced by IL-23 is dependent on P2X7R signaling. Furthermore, direct activation of the P2X7R is sufficient to induce a well-characterized psoriasiform dermatitis. Mechanistic studies determined that P2X7R-induced inflammation is largely dependent on the IL-1β/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and neutrophils. In conclusion, this work provides basic mechanistic insight into local inflammatory circuits induced after purinergic P2X7R signaling that are likely involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis.
The Middle Ages

The form of international relations in mediaeval times varies considerably from that in ancient Greece and Rome. The political persons in the Middle Ages were not independent city-states like ancient Greece, nor one supreme political power like Rome, but a variety of political and religious entities, all competing with each other for something which approached absolute sovereignty. It was the Papacy, the Holy Roman Empire, and a conglomeration of more or less independent feudal kingdoms that eventually made up the intricate system of political units in the historical period that followed the disintegration of the Roman imperial structure.
Doing Mathematics with Your Child.

Like reading, mathematics is a subject that is indeed necessary for functioning adequately in society. More than that, mathematics is a subject that should be more enjoyable than it sometimes is. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) has identified the appreciation and enjoyment of mathematics as one of the national goals for mathematics education. This goal, coupled with the task of nurturing children's confidence in their ability to apply their mathematical knowledge to solve reallife problems, is a challenge facing every parent today.
Duration of physician-industry relationships and prescribing changes in oncology.

6607Background: Physicians who accept payments from a pharmaceutical company are more likely to prescribe that company’s cancer drug[s]. Whether long-term physician-industry relationships are more ...
Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of follicular lymphoma cohort between a cancer center and the SEER registry.

e19558Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphomas in the US. Prior studies have assessed the effect of race on the outcomes of patients with FL, identifying dispariti...
Boomers to Millennials: Generational Stereotypes at Work in Academic Librarianship

Abstract Over the past 30 years, as the American workforce has become more generationally diverse, library administrators and academic librarians alike have focused on navigating dynamics that arise in a multigenerational workplace. Much scholarly research has been conducted on generational differences; however, most of this research assumes that the individuals studied adhere to or believe in generational stereotypes. This exploratory study used a hybrid experience-perception survey to examine the role or influence generational stereotypes have on academic librarians and how those stereotypes influence the academic library workforce. While few specific generational stereotypes were found to be held by participants, perceptions of generational stereotypes still have a significant influence in academic librarians' interactions with their colleagues. This finding means that regardless of their validity, the impact of generational stereotypes cannot be disregarded in academic library workplaces.
Synthesis of Acridines through Alkyne Addition to Diarylamines

A new synthesis of substituted acridines is achieved by palladium-catalyzed addition of terminal acetylenes between the aryl rings of bis(2-bromophenyl)amine. By including a diamine base and elevating the temperature, the reaction pathway favors the formation of acridine over a double Sonogashira reaction to form bis(tolan)amine. This method is demonstrated with several aryl-alkynes and alkyl-alkynes.
Attenuation of breast cancer risk in benign breast disease

3859 Background: Benign breast disease is a common condition in women. Much research has been devoted to studying benign breast disease (BBD) lesions to investigate how these lesions alter a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer (BC). In a Detroit-based multi-ethnic cohort of women with biopsy-proven BBD we observed that fibrosis and fibroadenoma were protective against BC progression from BBD. Methods: To further dissect out the attenuation of risk conferred by fibroadenoma, these lesions were investigated with respect to lesion size and degree and type of epithelial proliferation in a case-control (1:3 match) cohort of 872 women nested within the parent cohort of 4,970 women with BBD. Results: In the parent cohort, fibrosis was shown to attenuate the risk of developing breast cancer. The risk of developing breast cancer was 37% lower among women with fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis (RR: 0.63; 95% CI 0.45, 0.87; p=0.0053) after adjusting for other parameters. In the nested case-control study, fibroadenoma was shown to attenuate the risk of progression to breast cancer. The odds of breast cancer was reduced by 35% in women with fibroadenoma compared to those without fibroadenoma (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.94; p=0.02) after adjusting for other parameters. This reduction in risk of breast cancer was seen regardless of whether the fibroadenoma was proliferative or nonproliferative. In addition, the size of the fibroadenoma was found to be inversely related to breast cancer risk. The average size of fibroadenoma was 1.14 cm (std =0.76) in women who developed breast cancer versus 1.56 cm (std =1.196) in women who did not progress to breast cancer (p=0.0002). Also, the size of the fibroadenoma was found to be inversely related to the degree and type of epithelial proliferation of the associated fibroadenoma. Nonproliferative fibroadenomas were on average larger in size than proliferative fibroadenomas which tended to be larger than fibroadenomas associated with atypical hyperplasia. Conclusion: Stromal elements are shared features among fibrosis and fibroadenoma lesions. Women with a diagnosis of fibrosis in the parent cohort had an attenuated risk of progression to breast cancer. Also, in the nested case-control study, women with fibroadenoma were less likely to develop breast cancer. Fibroadenoma size was associated with type and degree of epithelial proliferation and breast cancer risk. Support: NIH CA 70923
Abstract TP425: Prevalence and Predictors of Cortical Superficial Siderosis Among African Americans with Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Background: Cortical Superficial Siderosis (cSS) detected on brain MRI affects 0.7% of the general population. In studies of predominantly White individuals, cSS is considered a sensitive marker of...
“A most bountiful source of inspiration:” Dobzhansky’s evolution of tropical populations, and the science and politics of genetic variation

Theodosius Dobzhansky has been studied for how he integrated field naturalism and laboratory experimentation in ways that helped produce the Modern Synthesis, as well as how he leveraged biological expertise to support liberal and cosmopolitan values amidst Second World War and the Cold War. Moreover, Dobzhansky has been central in analyses of the institutionalization of genetics in Brazil, where he spent several years. This article situates Dobzhansky's Brazilian research within the science of variation and the politics of diversity. I conclude by raising questions about how the ways in which science figured in politics depended on ideas about the role of scientists in society whichwere advanced in parallel, suggesting research on the "co-production" of natural and social orders.
Heart Rate Variability: Measures and Models

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods and Measures Discriminating Heart-Failure Patients from Normal Subjects Markers for other Cardiac Pathologies Does Deterministic Chaos Play a Role in Heart Rate Variability? Mathematical Models for Heart Rate Variability Conclusion This chapter contains sections titled: References Appendix A
Separating the Odds: Thresholds for Entropy in Logistic Regression

Researchers are often reluctant to rely on classification rates because a model with favorable classification rates but poor separation may not replicate well. In comparison, entropy captures infor...
Excellent 22FDX Hot-Carrier Reliability for PA Applications

This work shows the excellent HCI (hot-carrier injection) reliability that 22FDX demonstrates for mmWave PA applications. The underlying device physics to explain this performance are also shown. Due to the fact that fully depleted SOI (FDSOI) eliminates the lateral bipolar device, the MOSFETs in 22FDX® technology have an increased BVDSs when compared to a device in a partially depleted SOI (PDSOI) technology. A 2-stack PA is presented that demonstrates excellent reliability against all HCI stress. The device aging model is built based on the device stress data specific for PA applications. RelXpert is used to simulate device aging based on the model and suggests excellent PA reliability even under the worst mismatch condition.
Tortoise, not the hare: Digital transformation of supply chain business processes

Abstract With the rapid development of digital technologies, many supply chain professionals are wondering how to move forward. Three technologies are poised to change supply chain business processes: robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) and blockchain. Based on interviews with supply chain professionals in 14 large, mature manufacturing and service organizations, we outline the promise of each technology and forecast their broad-scale adoption potential. Organizations should take the following measures to ensure their readiness to adopt and effectively use one or more of these technologies: (1) identify a supply chain technology visionary who can lead through the maze of technologies and the changing digital landscape, (2) develop a digital technology roadmap for their supply chain processes, and (3) update foundational information systems.
Gut Microbiota and Stroke

Ischemic stroke remains a significant health problem, which is expected to increase owing to an aging population. A considerable proportion of stroke patients suffer from gastrointestinal complications, including dysphagia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and constipation. Often, these complications adversely affect stroke outcomes. Recent research postulates the role of "brain-gut axis" in causing gut microbiota dysbiosis and various complications and outcomes. In this review, we present our current understanding about the interaction between commensal gut microbiome and brain in determining the course of stroke.
REDUCTION IN SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN REQUIREMENTS IN TETRAPLEGIC TYPE 1 DIABETIC WITH CERVICAL SPINAL CORD INJURY FOLLOWING PRAMLINTIDE TREATMENT.

ABSTRACT Objective To report a massive increase in subcutaneous insulin requirements following spinal cord injury in a type 1 diabetic and how it was managed over a 22-month period with pramlintide. Methods A case report and brief literature review is presented. Results The patient is a 43-year-old male who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 18. He remained relatively well-controlled without end-organ complications until age 37, when he developed a spinal epidural abscess following a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cellulitis of the foot. The patient became ventilator-dependent and tetraplegic. He remained in rehabilitation for 18 months and returned home with a total daily dose of subcutaneous insulin of 600 U (4 U/kg); a 500 U increase over his prespinal cord injury requirements. Total daily intravenous insulin requirement was determined to be 259 U (1.96 U/kg). The patient was started on pramlintide. Twenty-two months after the onset of pramlintide treatment his total daily dose of subcutaneous insulin was decreased to 150 U (1.3 U/kg). Conclusion Maintenance of glycemic control and obesity in type 1 diabetics with spinal cord injury may be complicated by autonomic dysregulation and the inability to induce activity-related lifestyle changes. Our patient exhibited clinical evidence of impaired subcutaneous insulin absorption that was not ameliorated by site changes, leading to massive insulin requirements which greatly reduced his quality of life. Following treatment with pramlintide, he decreased the volume of his insulin injections and lost 19 kg (41 pounds). Uncovering the precise mechanisms by which pramlintide benefited our patient requires further studies.
Chapter 22 – Telemedicine Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the importance of communication networks and audio and video compression system in the field of telemedicine. Telemedicine is the collaborative scientific study and clinical practice of the prevention and cure of diseases and disorders of the body by physicians and other health practitioners across geographic distances and time zones with telecommunications and associated informatics. It includes medical research, medical care, and health supporting practices. Telemedicine greatly improves the practice of physicians interested in access to specialists, participating in clinical research, medical education, and in extending general and special medical care to rural areas. The overall benefits of telemedicine, therefore, are high levels of synergy, creativity, and education. The future of telemedicine is bright, owing to the combined effects of managed care, rising medical costs, an uneven geographic distribution of health care professionals, and demand of underserved populations for access to the international health care system.
The Impact of Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Weight Loss Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Although >10% of surgical patients receive alternative antibiotic prophylaxis for reported penicillin allergies, it is estimated that <20% of such cases represent true allergies that preclude standard prophylaxis. Each antibiotic class has a distinct impact on the intestinal microbiota and on postoperative metabolomics. The community structure and function of the microbiota are linked to the ability to lose weight after bariatric surgery. This study demonstrates differential weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy between patients who received standard (cefoxitin) and alternative (levofloxacin and metronidazole) perioperative prophylaxis. Multivariate analysis demonstrates that alternative prophylaxis is significantly and independently associated with diminished postoperative weight loss.
The Post-Shock Chemical Lifetimes of Outflow Tracers and a Possible New Mechanism to Produce Water Ice Mantles

We have used a coupled time-dependent chemical and dynamical model to investigate the lifetime of the chemical legacy left in the wake of C-type shocks. We concentrate this study on the chemistry of H2O and O2, two molecules which are predicted to have abundances that are significantly affected in shock-heated gas. Two models are presented: (1) a three-stage model of pre-shock, shocked, and post-shock gas; and (2) a Monte-Carlo cloud simulation where we explore the effects of stochastic shock activity on molecular gas over a cloud lifetime. In agreement with previous studies, we find that shock velocities in excess of 10 km s^-1 are required to convert all of the oxygen not locked in CO into H2O before the gas has an opportunity to cool. For pure gas-phase models the lifetime of the high water abundances, or ``H2O legacy'', in the post-shock gas is 4 - 7 x 10^5 years. Through the Monte Carlo cloud simulation we demonstrate that the time-average abundance of H2O is a sensitive function of the frequency of shocks. Thus we predict that the abundance of H2O and other known outflow tracers can be used to trace the history of shock activity in molecular gas. For gas-grain models we find that the abundance of water-ice on grain surfaces can be quite large and is comparable to that observed in molecular clouds. This offers a possible alternative method to create water mantles without resorting to grain surface chemistry: gas heating and chemical modification due to a C-type shock and subsequent depletion of the gas-phase species onto grain mantles.
Intracranial Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Skull Base: 2 Cases and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (ISFTs) are rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that originate from the meninges. ISFTs of the skull base can be challenging to treat, as resection can be complicated by skull base anatomy. We present 2 cases of ISFT, the first manifesting with compressive cranial neuropathy from Meckel cave involvement and the second a posterior fossa lesion causing symptomatic hydrocephalus. Methods A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed database was queried with title/abstract keywords “intracranial,” “solitary fibrous tumor,” “hemangiopericytoma,” “SFT,” and “HPC.” Search results were reviewed to exclude cases not involving the skull base. References from all selected articles were reviewed for potential additional cases. Patient demographic and clinical data from 58 identified skull base cases were collected for qualitative synthesis. Results Visual disturbances were the most common presenting symptom (30 cases, 52%) followed by headache (22 cases, 38%). The most common site of involvement was the sellar/parasellar region (18 cases, 31%) followed by middle fossa/temporal bone (14 cases, 24%). Resection was performed in 55 cases; gross total resection was reported in 26 cases (45%) and subtotal resection was reported in 21 cases (36%). Tumor recurrence was documented in 15 cases (26%) with median and mean follow-up periods of 16 and 29.9 months, respectively. Conclusions We discuss presentation, imaging, histopathology, and management considerations for ISFTs while highlighting the potentially complex nature of skull base lesions and need for multidisciplinary approach to treatment.
Sound and Fury Signifying Something: The Political Consequences of the Opt Out Movement

Background and ContextGrassroots activism is on the rise in American education, leading some scholars to announce the arrival of a “New Politics of Education” in which political elites and grassroo...
Fast and accurate autofocus control using Gaussian standard deviation and gradient-based binning

We propose a fast and accurate autofocus algorithm using Gaussian standard deviation and gradient-based binning. Rather than iteratively searching for the optimal focus using an optimization process, the proposed algorithm directly calculates the mean of the Gaussian shaped focus measure (FM) curve to find the optimal focus location and uses the FM curve standard deviation to adapt the motion step size. The calculation only requires 3-4 defocused images to identify the center location of the FM curve. Furthermore, by assigning motion step sizes based on the FM curve standard deviation, the magnitude of the motion step is adaptively controlled according to the defocused measure, thus avoiding overshoot and unneeded image processing. Our experiment verified the proposed method is faster than the state-of-the-art Adaptive Hill-Climbing (AHC) and offers satisfactory accuracy as measured by root-mean-square error. The proposed method requires 80% fewer images for focusing compared to the AHC method. Moreover, due to this significant reduction in image processing, the proposed method reduces autofocus time to completion by 22% compared to the AHC method. Similar performance of the proposed method was observed in both well-lit and low-lighting conditions.
Hybrid Load-Modulated Balanced Amplifier With High Linearity and Extended Dynamic Range

A novel hybrid load modulation (LM) architecture of power amplifier (PA) is presented in this letter, in which three amplifiers are combined through a quadrature coupler in properly defined phase offsets. Together with the well-aligned turning-on sequence, the PA can operate as a Doherty PA (DPA) and load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) at different power levels, whose overall behavior is similar to a three-way DPA. This unique hybrid LM mode effectively extends the dynamic power range of efficiency enhancement, which is further compatible with the high-linearity design. This concept is experimentally validated using a GaN-based prototype at 3.56 GHz. The CW measurement shows an efficient PA performance with 49%–63% of efficiency from $P_{\mathrm {Max}}$ to 9-dB back off. Under the modulated evaluation using a 20-MHz LTE signal, an adjacent channel leakage ratio of −37.5 dB is measured together with 45% average efficiency.
Outcome Effectiveness of the Wallingford Wellness Project

Research evidence on younger populations has demonstrated that lifestyle habits affecting the incidence and severity of chronic illness and disease can be changed in health enhancing directions via health promotion programs offering instruction in physical fitness, stress management, nutrition, and environmental awareness. The Wallingford Wellness Project extended this research by developing a health promotion program for the elderly based on these components. Experimental and comparison groups were matched in terms of age, sex, marital status, socio-economic status, psychosocial and physical health levels. The outcome effectiveness of the program was evaluated via a questionnaire administered prior to intervention, immediately following the 21 week program, and 6 months later. Results confirm the effectiveness of the program in promoting and sustaining information, attitude, and behavior change in persons over 54 years of age.
A semantic network of production rules in a system for describing computer structures

A novel Implementation of the basic mechanisms of a semantic network is presented. This constitutes merging, in terms of the underlying language architecture, of a powerful problem-solving mechanism, production-rule systems, with a proven representation formalism. Details are presented on the most basic aspects of the network, namely on representing nodes and on mechanisms for their access. Commands for definition, modification, and search-based displays of network information are discussed. The relations of the network are divided into six groups: taxonomic, structural, functional, descriptive, means-ends, and spatial. The importance of uniformly representing methods and network, and the importance of distinguishing temporary from permanent states are discussed. There is sketched a production system position on a number of relevant issues for advanced capabilities. The domain of application is the symbolic description and manipulation of computer structures at the PMS (processor-memory-switch) level. The system will ultimately be used for computer-aided design activities.
How Do They Fit?: Assessing the Role of Faith-Based Organizations in Social Service Provision

Abstract Despite public policies that promote an increased role for faith-based organizations in the delivery of publicly supported services, insufficient attention has been paid to assessing how service delivery by faith-based and secular providers might differ. This study considers the issues involved in evaluating the role of faith-based organizations within the broad context of a community's social service offerings. Criteria are developed for assessing role differences by comparing the types of services, delivery approaches, and service locations offered by different types of providers. The approach is then illustrated using a large sample of social service providers in Los Angeles County. Important role differences are revealed. Faith-based organizations offer fewer and different types of services than their secular counterparts. The results suggest a modest and focused role for faith-based organizations in social service delivery, but one that is complementary to the efforts of secular providers. T...
Results of the Lynn Sage Second-Opinion Program for local therapy in patients with breast carcinoma. Changes in management and determinants of where care is delivered.

BACKGROUND The treatment options of breast conservation therapy (BCT) and immediate reconstruction for patients with carcinoma of the breast have not been adopted widely. The objectives of this study were to determine how often a second opinion on the local therapy of breast carcinoma changed patient management and to identify factors predictive of remaining at the second-opinion site for therapy. METHODS Two hundred thirty-one patients with intraductal carcinoma or Stage I and II breast carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. At the time of the second opinion, patients completed a questionnaire regarding their initial surgical opinion and the reason for seeking consultation. RESULTS Only 46% of patients had a complete discussion of treatment options prior to the second opinion. The second opinion changed management in 54 patients (20.3%). The most common finding was eligibility for BCT in patients who were offered only mastectomy. Definitive local therapy occurred at the second-opinion site in 65.8% of patients. The only predictors of remaining at the second-opinion site were insurance type (P = 0.008) and the patient's perception that options were not discussed at the initial opinion (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Second opinions provide useful information to patients and may change the management of their disease. They result in significant patient capture for an institution. Cancer 2002;94:889–94. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10318
Abstract 1641: Structure-based design and development of pyrazolopyridine-based inhibitors of Mcl-1

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia protein Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family proteins, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Mcl-1 is overexpressed in many human cancers which has been associated with inferior survival, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapies. Disruption of Mcl-1 interaction with its pro-apoptotic partners through small molecules is a viable strategy to overcome Mcl-1 mediated resistance to apoptosis. Targeting Mcl-1 protein represents a promising strategy either alone or in combination with other therapies. Applying an integrated screening approach through combining high throughput and virtual screenings, several novel chemical classes were identified as Mcl-1 inhibitors. Compound 38 with a pyrazolopyridine scaffold was selected as a promising high throughput lead for medicinal chemistry efforts. Using reported chemistry a focused library of analogs of 38 was generated. Through HSQC protein-observed NMR studies and chemical shift mapping, the binding of the lead compound 38 was characterized and confirmed to be the BH3 binding pocket of Mcl-1. Computational modeling guided by NMR studies was applied in lead optimization and rational design of more potent analogs. Structure-activity relationship was established utilizing two different competitive platforms of fluorescent polarization and surface plasmon resonance, and confirmed by HSQC NMR spectroscopy. The binding affinity of this class of compounds was improved more than twenty fold in comparison with the lead compound 38. In vitro binding, functional and cell-based assays were performed in order to determine selectivity profile against five members of Bcl-2 family, mechanism of action and cellular activity of analogs with improved potency. The obtained results show promise for further chemical modification and development of pyrazolopyridine-based inhibitors of Mcl-1. Citation Format: Fardokht A. Abulwerdi, Ahmed S.A. Mady, Andrej Perdih, Jeanne A. Stuckey, Hollis D. Showalter, Zaneta Nikolovska-Coleska. Structure-based design and development of pyrazolopyridine-based inhibitors of Mcl-1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1641. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1641
Presidents and war

Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military Interventions. By Elizabeth N. Saunders. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011. 320 pp., $35.00 paperback (ISBN: 978-0-8014-4922-2). Elizabeth N. Saunders poses the questions, “when and how do states intervene?” in her book, Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military Interventions (p. 2). While the focus of this volume is on United States Cold War military interventions, the author asserts that its conclusions can be extended to other time periods and countries including autocracies. In making her argument, Saunders rejects the position that individual leaders are too idiosyncratic to study or that their views are determined by structural forces found in the domestic or international environment in which they operate. She sees their outlooks on military intervention as systematic and coherent, with the key explanatory variable being the extent to which a leader believes that “the internal political, economic, or social characteristics of other states are the ultimate source of threats” (pp. 2–3). Leaders who hold this internally focused position are labeled as embracing transformative intervention strategies . Those who see other states as threatening due to their foreign and security policies but do not link these policies to the adversaries domestic institutions, seeing them instead as linked to external factors, are identified as holding nontransformative intervention strategies . The categories of transformative and nontransformative intervention strategies are treated as ideal types. They refer to a leader's initial strategy and not the actual outcome, which Saunders observes is …
A Review of “International Standard ISO 25964-2: Information and Documentation—Thesauri and Interoperability With Other Vocabularies—Part 2: Interoperability With Other Vocabularies”

The document under review is the second part of ISO 25964, Information and Documentation—Thesauri and Interoperability with Other Vocabularies, following the 2011 publication of Part 1: Thesauri fo...
Cross-impact analysis and prediction of technological developments: A case study of farm tractors

A `real' forecast of technological developments in farm tractors is presented here. The methods of Delphi and cross-impact analysis are used and briefly described along with some criticism in the background of the experience gained from their application. In addition, some purely methodological findings are noted.
Demand, location, and the theory of production

This paper presents a profit-maximizing location model to investigate the impact of demand on the optimum location decision of a firm in the Weberian triangle. It will be shown that:(1) When the distance of the firm's location from the product market is held constant, the optimum location for the firm would be independent of the demand function if and only if the expansion path in input space is linear through the origin as demand varies;(2) When the distance of the firm's location from the product market is a decision variable, the optimum location for the firm would be independent of the demand function if and only if the production function is linearly homogeneous.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ANEURYSM OF VEIN OF GALEN (AVG) USING FIBER COILS AND ACRYLIC GLUE. 1092

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ANEURYSM OF VEIN OF GALEN (AVG) USING FIBER COILS AND ACRYLIC GLUE. 1092
SOIL QUALITY IN ILLINOIS—AN EXAMPLE OF A SOILS GEOGRAPHY RESOURCE ANALYSIS*

(1971). SOIL QUALITY IN ILLINOIS—AN EXAMPLE OF A SOILS GEOGRAPHY RESOURCE ANALYSIS. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 127-136.
Type I (brain type) creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in rat platelets

Abstract Studies on the difference in creating phosphokinase (CPK) activity of platelet-rich-plasma and platelet suspension before and after freezing and thawing demonstrated the presence of CPK activity in rat and rabbit platelets but not in the platelets of dogs, monkeys and humans. The CPK activity of rat and rabbit platelets was 61 ± 18 mU/10 8 platelets and 88 ± 23 mU/10 8 platelets respectively. The Type I (brain type) isoenzyme of CPK was found in rat platelets.
Mounting and calibration of stairs on piezoelectric force platforms

Abstract To calculate the centre of pressure using piezoelectric force plates mounted on pads, no net tensile stresses may be imposed on the surface of the plate. This condition is violated when stairs are attached to the plates, unless the plates are preloaded. Typical shear forces encountered when climbing stairs were used to determine required preloads of approximately 16.4 N/cm step height. Vertical and horizontal loads were applied at known locations on the steps, and points of application were calculated. Deviations were within ± 3 mm. The effect of point of application inaccuracy on calculated joint moments is considerable. A 2 cm medial shift in the point of application resulted in calculated peak knee abduction/adduction moment errors of 35%.
A biomimetic multicellular model of the airways using primary human cells.

Microfluidic cell cultures enable investigation of complex physiological tissue properties and functionalities. For convenience, they are often implemented with immortalized cell lines, but primary cells more closely approximate the in vivo biology. Our aim was to develop a biomimetic microfluidic model of the human airway using all primary cells. The model is comprised of airway epithelial cells cultured at an air–liquid interface, lung fibroblasts and polarized microvascular endothelial cells, respectively positioned in three vertically stacked, individually accessible compartments separated by nanoporous membranes. We report device fabrication, a gravity fed microfluidic system, and culture medium able to support functional co-cultures of all three primary human cell types. As characterized by imaging and permeability measurements, airway epithelial cells in microfluidic devices displayed mucociliary differentiation and barrier function. Subjacent fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells were added under conditions enabling co-culture for at least 5 days. Microfluidic airway models based on primary human cells in a relevant biomimetic configuration will improve physiological relevance and will enable novel disease modeling and drug development studies.
Separation of synaptosomes storing catecholamines and gamma-aminobutyric acid in rat corpus striatum

Summary We have examined the separation of synaptosomes prepared from rat corpus striatum labeled with radioactive catecholamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in linear continuous sucrose density gradients. Catecholamine containing synaptosomes localized in a denser region of gradients than did those containing GABA. The extent of separation was dependent on the amount of tissue placed on the gradient but was independent of incubation time or of isotopic label. The best separation was obtained by centrifuging gradients for a short duration. The profile of radioactivity in the gradients represented bound GABA and bound catecholamine, except for the least dense area of the gradient which contained soluble isotope. Electron microscopic evaluation of gradient fractions indicated that free mitochondria predominated in the area of peak monoamine oxidase activity and that the largest number of synaptosomal profiles occurred in the fraction containing the maximum amount of potassium and labeled catecholamine and GABA. Variations in synaptosomal morphology in different gradient fractions were noted.
Modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell With a Large Active Area for Thermal Behavior Analysis

A numerical model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell has been developed to predict the performance of a large active area fuel cell with the water cooling thermal management system. The model includes three submodels for water transport, electrochemical reaction, and heat transfer. By integrating those submodels, local electric resistance and overpotential depending on the water and temperature distribution can be predicted. In this study the effects of the inlet gas temperature and humidity on the fuel cell performance are explored, and the effect of the temperature distribution at different coolant temperatures is investigated. The results show that the changes in local electric resistance due to temperature distribution cause fuel cell power decrease. Therefore, the coolant temperature and flow rate should be controlled properly depending on the operating conditions in order to minimize the temperature distribution while maximizing the power output of the fuel cell.
Simultaneous Photoinduced Color Formation and Polymerization: The Formation of Highly Colored Thin Films from Colorless Precursors Due to Formation of Triarylmethane Cations by Acid Generating Decomposition of Iodonium Salts1

Highly colored thin films were prepared by irradiating transparent resins consisting of the iodonium salt [4-[(octyloxy)phenyl]phenyl]iodonium hexafluoroantimonate (OPPI, 1) and a dye precursor such as crystal violet lactone (CVL, 2) dissolved in an acrylate epoxide mixture. It has been demonstrated that a mixture of CVL and OPPI is a very efficient photoinitiator for radical polymerizations. Color formation takes place via the excited state of CVL, that is oxidized by OPPI to a radical cation, that subsequently forms the colored triarylmethane cation by hydrogen abstraction from the solvent. Formation of photoacid via the excited state of OPPI also contributes to color formation. The main advantage of our approach, by which films of different colors can be made, is that highly colored (OD >2.0: 400−700 nm; 15 μm thick) films can be formed at rates comparable with those of noncolored films.
Hybrid-stress models for elastic-plastic analysis by the initial-stress approach

Two alternative numerical methods are presented, based on the assumed-stress hybrid finite element model and the initial-stress approach, for the elastic–plastic small-deflection analysis of structures under static loading. The use of the initial-stress approach results in a set of simultaneous linear algebraic incremental equations to be solved at each loading step, with the elastic stiffness matrix remaining unchanged throughout the loading process and the effects of plasticity included as equivalent element loads. The derivation of these alternative methods differs in the assigning of the incremental stress which satisfies equilibrium; in one case it is the actual stress increment while in the other it is a fictitious stress increment. An equilibrium imbalance correction is included in each of these methods to prevent drifting of the solution during the incremental process. Example solutions are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the two methods and permit comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two methods.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Vero Cell Culture-Derived Whole-Virus H7N9 Vaccine in Mice and Guinea Pigs

Background A novel avian H7N9 virus with a high case fatality rate in humans emerged in China in 2013. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a candidate Vero cell culture-derived whole-virus H7N9 vaccine in small animal models.
Effects of unilateral nephrectomy and mixed infection on blood pressure of rats with experimental chronic pyelonephritis.

Chronic pyelonephritis resulting from a mixed infection was produced in rats. They displayed marked hyposthenuria and azotemia and, on pathologic examination at the end of one year, revealed severe contraction and scarring of the kidneys. Hypertensive vascular disease did not develop even in rats with unilateral nephrectomy, although some animals succumbed to renal failure. The results indicate that parenchymal renal injury from chronic renal infection, even when it results from mixed infection and is associated with a decrease in renal mass, does not result in hypertensive disease. It is suggested that this is due to the absence of a vascular lesion producing renal ischemia.
Observations on Two Components of Cottonseed that Cause Discolorations in Eggs

Abstract THERE is experimental evidence that two components of cottonseed cause egg yolk discolorations. One of these components is gossypol. The identity of the other is unknown, but it causes “pink” albumen and yolk discolorations different from those caused by gossypol. The report of Schaible, Moore and Moore (1934) is apparently the first showing conclusively that gossypol is the component of cottonseed pigment glands responsible for “olive-green” discolorations. That the yolk discolorations attributable to gossypol may range from olive-green or light chocolate brown to nearly black is indicated by the observations of Swenson, Fieger and Upp (1942), and of Heywang, Denton and Bird (1949). In his experiments, Lorenz (1939) found that gossypol gives the yolk an olive-green color, while another component of cottonseed, either responsible for or closely associated with the Halphen reaction, causes an abnormal enlargement of the yolk and a reddish brown color of yolk and albumen when eggs …
Effects of environmentally encountered epoxides on mouse liver epoxide-metabolizing enzymes.

Abstract Male mice were treated (i.p.) for 3 days with 15 different environmentally encountered epoxides, and the effects of these compounds on liver microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (mEH and cEH), glutathione S-transferase (mGST and cGST) and carboxylesterase (mCE) activities were determined. The epoxides included the pesticides: heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, tridiphane, and juvenoid R-20458; the natural products: disparlure, limonin, nomilin, and epoxymethyloleate; the endogenous steroids: lanosterol epoxide, cholesterol-α-epoxide, and progesterone epoxide; and the industrial or synthetic epoxides: epichlorohydrin, araldite, trans-stilbene oxide, and 4'-phenylchalcone oxide. The pesticide epoxides were the most effective inducers of liver weight, microsomal protein, and the enzyme activities measured, with mEH and cEH activities towards cis-stilbene oxide (mEHcso and cEHcso), cGST activities towards four of five substrates, and mCE towards clofibrate (mCEclof) and p-nitrophenylacetate (mCEpna) increased following treatment with most of the pesticides. The synthetic epoxides increased some of the same activities, while the natural products, except for increases in cGST activities, and endogenous steroid epoxides were generally not inductive. cEH activity towards trans-stilbene oxide (cEHtso) was increased only following treatment with the peroxisome proliferator, tridiphane, but decreased following treatment with several of the epoxides, while microsomal cholesterol epoxide hydrolase (mEHchol) was increased only moderately by disparlure. Microsomes could effectively conjugate glutathione to chlorodinitrobenzene (mGSTcdnb) and cis-stilbene oxide (mGSTcso). These two activities were differentially induced by a few of the epoxides, suggesting that they may be selective substrates for different isozymes of mGST. Correlation coefficients were determined for the relative response of liver weight, subfraction protein, and enzyme activities. A relatively high correlation was found between the response of liver weight and cytosolic hydrolysis of trans-stilbene oxide (r = 0.73) and cis-stilbene oxide (r = 0.62), and cytosolic glutathione conjugation of dichloronitrobenzene (r = 0.66) and trans-stilbene oxide (r = 0.75). In addition, relatively high correlations were found between the different cGST activities, in particular for dichloronitrobenzene with trans-stilbene oxide (r = 0.89). These studies show that there exists a wide variation in the response of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes to environmentally encountered epoxides and that a fairly strong correlation exists between the increases in liver size and increases in certain cytosolic enzyme activities; they also suggest further studies concerning the possibility of an additional isozyme of mGST.
The Net Generation of Large-Scale Available Potential Energy by Subgrid-Scale Processes

Abstract A procedure is introduced which allows estimation of the net influence of subgrid-scale thermodynamic processes on large-scale available potential energy. A numerical example representing the average energetics over North America for March, 1962 suggests that “net” subgrid-scale generation greatly exceeds the average grid-scale generation, with positive contributions occurring in the low and middle troposphere.
Stability of aqueous solutions of pirbuterol.

The hydrolytic degradation of pirbuterol was investigated under saturated oxygen conditions over a wide range of pH values and at different temperatures. Two of the five observed breakdown products were positively identified. The first-order decomposition rate appeared to depend on the rate constants of the four dissociated ionic species. The most stable region for the drug was pH 1–2, where the diprotonated molecule predominated; appropriate thermodynamic parameters were calculated.
Councils, memory and mills: the early development of the Peace of God in Catalonia

The Peace councils which took place throughout west Francia from the late tenth century have long been recognized as complex political, social and ritual events. Discussions of the Peace, however, often neglect the local factors which informed these councils. The earliest councils in Catalonia were characterized by remarkable variety in both their organization and in their objectives. Some elements of these councils reflect longstanding regional traditions. Earlier provincial synods, for example, shared many of the same concerns expressed at Peace councils. Both synods and councils testify to an impressive level of regional episcopal co-operation. The 1027 Council of Toulouges provides a rich opportunity to explore the microsocial and micropolitical alliances and animosities which motivated one council. The monastery of Sant Miquel de Cuixa, whose abbot organized this council and two others, had been developing a network of mills and irrigation canals near the council's site. The choice of the council's site was motivated, in part, by the desire to secure Cuixa's grip on these property rights. The mills near Toulouges are an example of the local impulses which informed early Peace councils; understanding these impulses can contribute to current debates about the Feudal Revolution.
Thermoprecipitation of Glutathione S-Transferase by Glutathione-Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Prepared by RAFT Polymerization

Herein, we report an effective and rapid method to purify glutathione S-transferase (GST) using glutathione (GSH)-modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) and mild, thermal conditions. A chain transfer agent modified with pyridyl disulfide was employed in the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of NIPAAm. The resulting polymer had a narrow molecular weight distribution (polydispersity index = 1.21). Conjugation of GSH to the pyridyl disulfide-pNIPAAm reached 95% within 30 min as determined by UV-Vis monitoring of the release of pyridine-2-thione. GST was successfully thermoprecipitated upon heating the GSH-pNIPAAm above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The pull down assay was repeated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and T4 lysozyme (T4L), which demonstrated the specificity of the polymer for GST. Due to its simplicity and high efficiency, this method holds great potential for large-scale purification of GST-tagged proteins.