cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformational Study of Cyclodecane and Substituted Cyclodecanes by Dynamic NMR Spectroscopy and Computational Methods

Low-temperature 13C NMR spectra of cyclodecane (1) showed the presence of a minor conformation, assigned to the twist-boat-chair-chair (TBCC), in addition to the expected boat-chair-boat (BCB). If only the TBCC and BCB conformations were assumed to be appreciably populated, then a free-energy difference between the two conformations of 0.73 ± 0.3 kcal/mol could be obtained from the five area measurements over a temperature range of −148.6 to −131.0 °C, with populations of 5.2 and 94.8% for the TBCC and BCB conformations at −146.1 °C. However, an alternative description of the conformations of 1 was suggested by the ab initio calculations, which predicted that the twist-boat-chair (TBC) and TBCC conformations have comparable free energies and populations. Equal amounts of TBCC and TBC would give populations of 5.2, 5.2, and 89.6% and relative free energies of 0.72, 0.72, and 0.00 kcal/mol for the TBCC, TBC, and BCB conformations at −146.1 °C, based on the experimental areas at this temperature. The experim...
Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Supplied from a 180° Inverter with Phase Control

Reference frame theory is used to establish the equations which describe the steady-state and dynamic behavior of an electric drive system consisting of a permanent magnet synchronous machine supplied from an inverter operating in the 180° conduction mode and with provisions to shift the phase of the stator voltages relative to the rotor position. An expression for the phase-shift angle which yields maximum torque is derived. It is shown that a comparison of the stator time constant and the no-load rotor speed without phase shift, can be used to anticipate the increase in average torque achievable by phase shifting. It is also shown that advancing the phase of the stator voltages advances the phase of the fundamental component of the stator phase currents relative to the phase voltages. A method of calculating the steady-state harmonic currents and torque is also given. The information given in this paper should serve as a guide for the operation of brushless dc motors and the design of speed or position controls that employ phase shifting techniques along with or instead of pulse width modulation.
Exchange Interactions in Ferromagnetic Chromium Chalcogenide Spinels

Transition-metal spinels with magnetic ions solely on the octahedral sites have been the subject of many investigations. The properties of such spinels had always been found to be dominated by antiferromagnetic interactions. In this paper we describe the properties of a group of spinels in which ferromagnetic interactions are found to predominate. The compounds Cd${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$, Cd${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$, Hg${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$, and Hg${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{4}$ have been prepared and found to be ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures of 84.5, 129.5, 36.0, and 106\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, respectively. With the exception of Hg${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{4}$, which becomes metamagnetic below 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, all these materials remain ferromagnetic down to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. These materials are also unique in that they are good electrical insulators in addition to being ferromagnets. A theoretical treatment is presented which correlates the high-temperature susceptibility with the Curie temperature and which provides a determination of the exchange interactions. The six nearest-neighbor interactions are treated by the high-temperature expansion technique of Rush-brooke and Wood, while the 30 more-distant-neighbor interactions are treated within the two-particle-cluster approximation of Callen and Callen. The analysis of the data indicates that the distant-neighbor interactions play a very important role in the determination of the type of magnetic order observed in the chalcogenide spinels.
Total and partial surgical isolation of the male rat hypothalamus: Effects on reproductive behavior and physiology

Abstract Three experiments are reported in which there were varying degrees of surgical interference of the afferent and efferent neural connections between the hypothalamus, pituitary and other parts of the diencephalon in male rats. In Experiment 1, total isolation of the hypothalamus caused decreases in intromissions and ejaculation while mounting activity was relatively unaffected. Experiment 2 disclosed that when the “deafferentation” process spared the regions adjacent to the base of the brain, copulation and reproductive physiology was apparently normal. In the last experiment, one group of subjects had cuts placed at the border of the optic chiasm, and another group had cuts placed 1.5–2.0 mm posterior thereto. The only notable effect was atrophy of the ventral prostate in the latter group. It was concluded that the basal hypothalamus is necessary for the expression of copulatory behavior as well as gonadotropin secretion in male rats.
Antibodies to viruses of human origin in monkeys from Uganda.

SummarySera from 52 red-tail (wild) and 31 African green (captive) monkeys were examined for the prevalence of viral antibodies. Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis, mumps virus, certain human enteroviruses, and M. pneumoniae occurred at a greater frequency in captive monkeys, suggesting that nonhuman primates acquire these infections through contact with humans. Antibodies to parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza A and B viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus occurred as often in captive as in wild monkeys. All sera were negative for neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, Coxsackie B-3 virus, and ECHO-virus type 6. Wild monkeys from the Bwamba region were found to have a high rate of hepatitis B infections; few captive monkeys were positive for this infection.
Radiation effects in erbium-doped optical fibres

The radiation-induced absorption in erbium-doped optical fibres (EDfs) has been found to be strongly dependent on the fibre core composition. Implictions for erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFs) performance have been modelled, and compositional variations which may increase their radiation hardness have been tentatively identified.
Rapid and far-reaching hydrologic processes in the vadose zone

The AGU Hydrology Section sponsored a session on rapid and far-reaching hydrologic processes in the vadose zone at the 1987 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. The 20 presentations attracted attention to a topic of gaining importance a n d recognition in various areas of hydrology. The emerging nature of the subject and the need for more generally applicable concepts were expressed in several contributions. The issues ranged from theoretical and experimental considerations of water flow and solute transport in fractures of unsaturated rocks to observations and experiments in blocks and columns of undisturbed soils and in engineered liners to the hydrology of entire fields, hillslopes, and catchments.
Using Superconducting Fault Current Limiters to enhance the reliability of power transmission systems

While one of the strongest points in a power system is the substation, it still contains what can be described as weak points or points of failure that could lead to major outages. Present paper examines the impact of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) on the transmission substation reliability. To this end, potential application of a SFCL in a practical 138kV transmission grid is studied from the reliability point of view and numerical results are presented. The concept of failure modes and effects analysis is used in deriving the study results presented in the paper. Results of the investigation show that using SFCLs makes a significant improvement in the load point reliability in addition to improving the power system dynamics.
The Giant Dipole Resonance in hot rotating nuclei

Abstract The macroscopic fluctuation theory of the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) in hot rotating nuclei is discussed. The theory is extended to include spin projection which is important at rapid rotation. The GDR is shown to provide a good signature for the Jacobi phase transition that occurs at some critical spin from oblate to triaxial shapes with very large deformation.
Introduction to transmission lines basic principles and applications of quarter‐wavelength cables and impedance matching

The basic electrical properties of transmission lines are reviewed, and it is shown how these properties determine the characteristic impedance of the line. For resonant lines, the formation of standing waves is explained. The variation of the impedance of the line as a function of its length is shown to be caused by the standing waves of voltage and current. Various equations for the standing-wave ratio and the concomitant power losses are derived for systems that are impedance mismatched. Applications in NMR spectroscopy include the use of transmission lines as filters, as impedance-matching devices, and for directing pulses toward the probe and away from the preamplifier. Finally, a simple laboratory experiment demonstrates the properties of open and shorted quarter- and half-wavelength cables.
Locating nearby copies of replicated Internet servers

In this paper we consider the problem of choosing among a collection of replicated servers, focusing on the question of how to make choices that segregate client/server traffic according to network topology. We explore the cost and effectiveness of a variety of approaches, ranging from those requiring routing layer support (e.g., anycast) to those that build location databases using application-level probe tools like traceroute. We uncover a number of tradeoffs between effectiveness, network cost, ease of deployment, and portability across different types of networks. We performed our experiments using a simulation parameterized by a topology collected from 7 survey sites across the United States, exploring a global collection of Network Time Protocol servers.
Forgotten island: a story-driven citizen science adventure

Forgotten Island, a citizen science video game, is part of an NSF-funded design science research project, Citizen Sort. It is a mechanism to help life scientists classify photographs of living things and a research tool to help HCI and information science scholars explore storytelling, engagement, and the quality of citizen-produced data in the context of citizen science.
Are Hotels Prepared for the Environmental Consumer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a consumer's intention to stay in a hotel based on the environmental strategies used by that hotel. Consumer's intention was measured using an adapted version of Hines' model of environmental beha vior. Knowledge, attitudes and perceived self-efficacy were the variables used to predict consumers' intentions to purchase a night's stay in a hotel. The multivariate test of significance revealed that each variable had a positive relationship to intention to purchase. The research findings suggest that a hotel implementing environmental strategies can increase business for that hotel.
Helping certain patients end their lives

Assisted Death: A Study in Ethics & Law. L.W. Sumner. Oxford University Press; 2011. The Hippocratic oath clearly states: “I will not give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan.” And yet, this happens all the time. According to the Attorney General of the High
Character of Hydration of 3CaO.Al2O3

The C3A compacts were hydrated and the reaction was studied by DTA, X-ray diffraction, mercury porosimetry, and volume change analysis. The hexagonal hydroaluminates C2AH8 and C4AH19 formed at 2°, 12°, and 23°C by a direct mechanism between C3A and H2O. The hydration reaction at 52° and 80°C was stopped by formation of C3AH6 around the C3A grains. The rate of conversion of the hexagonal hydrates to cubic C3AH6 increased with temperature. Volume change analysis confirmed that C3AH6 grows epitaxially on the surface of the C3A grain. The reaction at this surface and the passage of water through the layer of hexagonal hydroaluminates control the overall reaction rate. The conversion of the hexagonal hydrates to C3AH6 accelerates the reaction by removing the layer of products from around the C3A grain by a solution mechanism. At 52° and 80°C, C3AH6 may form without the intermediate formation of the hexagonal hydrate.
Some Final Thoughts for Clinical Researchers

As is obvious from the preceding chapters, defining the exact clinical correlates and the clinical value of identifying sEEG abnormalities in psychiatric population has proven to be a difficult task. Most of the studies referenced in this book were conducted in the course of clinical work in busy clinical EEG laboratories. Few studies were in fact supported by national federal or even private grant funding. In fact during my EEG training with John R. Hughes at the University of Illinois in Chicago, I noticed that despite his prolific academic and scholarly productivity, he was not investing any time in writing grant proposals. The laboratory was organized so that data can be collected prospectively or records could be retrospectively minded. This is crucially important as without busy psychiatry-based EEG laboratories, most of the questions raised in this book will have to await grant funding an increasingly uphill battle in an ever tightening economic situation. In fact there are enough clinical indications with significant literature support to start such laboratories.
Interrelationships Among Circulating Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women

Objective— Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are markers of systemic vascular inflammation that herald atherothrombosis and may have important interrelationships with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods and Results— We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 340 apparently healthy women enrolled in the Women’s Health Study. In unadjusted analyses, higher levels of IL-6 and CRP were seen with increasing body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and smoking exposure. IL-6 levels were related to the frequency of alcohol intake (P=0.002) and showed an inverse relationship with exercise frequency and hormone replacement therapy (P<0.0001 for both). CRP levels increased with hormone replacement therapy (P=0.0002). Associations among IL-6, CRP, and lipid levels were minimal. Overall, mean levels of IL-6 and CRP increased with increasing numbers of clinical risk factors (P<0.0001). In multivariate analyses, independent relationships were seen between levels of I...
Probabilistic diagnostic reasoning: towards improving diagnostic efficiency

The author describes a new approximation method which can significantly improve the computational efficiency of Bayesian networks. He applies this technique to the diagnosis of acute abdominal pain, with good results. This approach is based on using a reduced set of the model parameters for diagnostic reasoning. The tradeoffs in diagnostic accuracy required to obtain increased computational efficiency (due to the smaller models) are carefully specified using a variety of statistical metrics. >
Comparing clinical and economic outcomes of biologic and conventional medications in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Rationale, aims and objectives Biologics are substantially more expensive than their conventional counterparts but it is unclear whether extra costs deliver better health outcomes. We compare clinical and economic outcomes between teriparatide (monthly costs $1120) and bisphosphonates (monthly costs $14) among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods From a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we selected women newly diagnosed with osteoporosis between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2011 and who initiated teriparatide or bisphosphonates after the diagnosis. We followed them up until one of these events: switching osteoporosis treatment, death, or the end of study period - 31 December 2011. Clinical outcomes included hip fracture, vertebral fracture, fracture of radius, ulna or carpal bones, other upper limb fractures, other lower limb fractures and any fracture. Economic outcomes included medical costs, pharmacy costs, and total costs associated with osteoporosis. Using conventional propensity score, high-dimensional propensity score and instrumental variable analysis, we constructed Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the risk of fracture and two-part models to compare costs. Results Teriparatide users had higher risk of fracture and higher costs, compared with similar bisphosphonates users. The hazard ratios of fracture for teriparatide relative to bisphosphonates ranged from 1.37 to 2.12, depending on methods. There was no difference in the risk of hip fracture between treatment groups. Total annual costs related to osteoporosis were between $2733 and $3352 higher for teriparatide users. Conclusions The biological agent, teriparatide, is more expensive yet less effective than conventional treatment, bisphosphonates.
Digital design and programmable logic boards: Do students actually learn more?

Digital design classes are increasingly using programmable logic devices (PLD) to augment the educational experience. Previous works discuss the advantages of using PLDs, such as complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), in digital logic design education and highlight the instructorpsilas experience of integrating these teaching methods in the classroom. This paper instead focuses on the studentspsila experience to determine the overall effectiveness of using PLD boards. By using statistics from a comprehensive survey that targets student feedback and opinion, and by comparing our classpsilas final exam scores with a previous class that did not use PLDs, we are able to informatively assess the benefits of using PLDs for digital design education.
SBPOR: second-order balanced truncation for passive order reduction of RLC circuits

RLC circuits have been shown to be better formulated as second-order systems instead of first-order systems. The corresponding model order reduction techniques for second- order systems have been developed. However, existing techniques are mainly based on moment-matching concept. While suitable for the reduction of large-scale circuits, those approaches cannot generate reduced models as compact as desired. To achieve smaller models with better error control, a novel technique, SBPOR (Second-order Balanced truncation for Passive Order Reduction), is proposed in this paper, which is the first second-order balanced truncation method proposed for passive reduction of RLC circuits. SBPOR is superior to the pioneering work in the control community because second-order systems can be balanced via congruency transformation without any accuracy loss. In addition, compared with the first-order balanced truncation approaches, SBPOR is a better choice for RLC reduction. SBPOR preserves not only passivity but also the structure information inherent to RLC circuits, which is a special need for RLC reduction. In addition, SBPOR is computationally more efficient as it only needs to solve one linear matrix equation instead of two quadratic matrix equations.
LARGE SAMPLE ANALYSIS OF AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING‐AVERAGE MODELS WITH ERRORS IN VARIABLES

. We consider estimation of parameters of an unobservable ARMA(p, q) process {Ut; t= 1,2,…} based on a set of n observables, X1, …, Xn, where Xt=Ut, +et, 1 ≤t≤n, it being assumed that {et} is independent of {Ut}. We examine the asymptotic properties of these ARMA estimators under a set of weak regularity conditions on {et}.
Aspects of Theoretical and Experimental Map-Matching

This paper is a tutorial development of both new and old results of theoretical and experimental techniques which are applicable to map-matching, the recognition of previously observed results in experimental data. This development of a theory for treating 2-valued maps deals with the manipulation of maps with Boolean functions and the corresponding manipulation with optical equipment. The use of a modulo-2 operation defines the identity condition. Binary weighting functions produce conditional identity conditions and a relation between symmetrical and asymmetrical correlation of maps. Sampled maps introduce the concept of essentially identical maps so as to make possible the calculation of error probabilities from a sample population of essentially similar maps. The use of loss functions in accepting or rejecting the identity of two maps produces a decision-theoretic criteria for threshold detection. The threshold is a nontrivial threshold in the cases where system noise is present. The construction of composite maps is treated from the standpoint of minimum average discrepancy error. Numerical examples based on exponential bounds indicate the effectiveness of these techniques.
On the dynamics of suspended microstructure in unsteady, spatially inhomogeneous, two-dimensional fluid flows

The dynamical behaviour of stretchable, orientable microstructure suspended in a general two-dimensional fluid flow is investigated. The state of the microstructure in question is described by an axial vector; thus the microstructure may consist of axisymmetric particles, droplets of fluid, models of polymer molecules or simply a line element of the fluid itself. A quantitative measure is developed to distinguish conformation(s) (orientations and stretched lengths) of the microstructure that are robust and attractive. This leads to a strong flow criterion for microstructure suspended in unsteady, spatially inhomogeneous flows in which the effects of history-dependence are apparent. The important special case where the influence of the flow on the microstructure is time periodic is considered in some detail, owing to the fact that one can obtain additional results that concern orientation dynamics. Finally, several examples are given which illustrate the application of the present methods and the relevant innovations of the approach. Throughout the analysis, special attention is given to the robustness of the dynamics to changes in the modelling assumptions such as slight three-dimensionality or Brownian diffusion, etc. The results of the study demonstrate that using microdynamical behaviour in steady, homogeneous flows to derive macroscopic properties (such as strong flow criteria) which are then applied to problems in unsteady, spatially inhomogeneous flows can lead to incorrect results. Instead, one must account properly for effects due to the history of the flow.
Lowbush blueberries inhibit scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A expression and attenuate foam cell formation in ApoE-deficient mice

Blueberries have recently been reported to reduce atherosclerotic lesion progression in apoE deficient (apoE−/−) mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether lowbush blueberries altered scavenger receptor expression and foam cell formation in apoE−/− mice. ApoE−/− mice were fed AIN-93 diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried lowbush blueberries (BB) for 20 weeks. Gene expression and protein levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A in aorta and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) were lower in mice fed BB (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, apoE−/− mice were fed CD or BB for 5 weeks. PM were collected and cultured. Gene expression and protein levels of CD36 and SR-A were found to be lower in PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). In PM from BB fed mice, fewer oxLDL-induced foam cells were formed compared to those from mice fed CD. Gene expression and protein levels of PPARγ were lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). Detectable isomers of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) were also lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, BB inhibited expression of the two major scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A in PM of apoE−/− mice, at least in part through down-regulating PPARγ and reducing its endogenous ligands HODEs and HETEs. We proposed that BB mediated reduction of scavenger receptor expression and attenuation of oxLDL-induced foam cell formation in PM of apoE−/− mice are important mechanisms of the athero-protective effects of BB.
Considering the Interplay of Cultural Context and Service Provision in Intimate Partner Violence The Case of Haitian Immigrant Women

This qualitative study explored how the cultural context of intimate partner violence affected accessibility to mainstream services for one immigrant group: Haitian women. Analysis of the data revealed two major themes. First, the nature and context of intimate partner violence in the Haitian immigrant community contribute to Haitian women's reluctance to seek services as well as their overall vulnerability to intimate partner violence. Second, mainstream services are largely inaccessible to Haitian women. The authors conclude with suggestions for overcoming cultural barriers through education, increasing cultural competency of mainstream services, and creating alternative community-based services.
Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of DNA Replication Sites in Mammalian Cells

Fluorescence microscopic analysis of newly replicated DNA has revealed discrete granular sites of replication (RS). The average size and number of replication sites from early to mid S-phase suggest that each RS contains numerous replicons clustered together. We are using fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy in conjunction with multidimensional image analysis to gain more precise information about RS and their spatial-temporal dynamics. Using a newly improved imaging segmentation program, we report an average of ∼1,100 RS after a 5-min pulse labeling of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells in early S-phase. Pulse-chase-pulse double labeling experiments reveal that RS take ∼45 min to complete replication. Appropriate calculations suggest that each RS contains an average of 1 mbp of DNA or ∼6 average-sized replicons. Double pulse–double chase experiments demonstrate that the DNA sequences replicated at individual RS are precisely maintained temporally and spatially as the cell progresses through the cell cycle and into subsequent generations. By labeling replicated DNA at the G1/S borders for two consecutive cell generations, we show that the DNA synthesized at early S-phase is replicated at the same time and sites in the next round of replication.
Prosocial Values and Performance Management Theory: Linking Perceived Social Impact and Performance Information Use

Performance management techniques are presented as control mechanisms to save money and hold bureaucrats accountable, consistent with negative agency theory assumptions of bureaucrats. We propose an alternative theory of performance management that rests on prosocial values. This theory argues that public servants who see the social impact of their work are more likely to use performance metrics. We operationalize performance information use in terms of purposeful use for internal organizational means, and political use for external legitimation. Those who perceive that their work has a strong social impact are likely to pursue both types of uses, to improve both the effectiveness of their services, and to maintain resources. The data come from a cross-sectional survey of U.S. public and nonprofit employees.
A Secure Multi-Sited Version Control System

The software development process is increasingly taking the form of a collaborative effort among several teams which are hosted at widely dispersed sites networked over the Internet. In this model of software development, multi-sited version control systems play a very important role to maintain the revision history of software and facilitate software evolution. In this paper we look into the security requirements of such multi-sited version control systems. We identify the security deficiencies in current systems and propose a new framework for secure multi-sited version control.
ASPEN – a Web‐based application for managing student server accounts

The growth of the Internet has greatly increased the demand for server‐side programming courses at colleges and universities. Students enrolled in such courses must be provided with server‐based accounts that support the technologies that they are learning. The process of creating, managing and removing large numbers of student server accounts is time consuming, error‐prone, and can create security risks. This paper describes a Web‐based file manager and editor program named ASPEN (Active Server Pages Editor.Net) that greatly simplifies server account management issues and provides a convenient Web interface for students to edit and execute their server‐side programs. This paper also describes implementation issues related to security, reliability, account creation, and maintenance.
Employee Counseling Services: Ethical Dilemmas

Issues surrounding the definition, identification, and handling of emotional problems in the work environment are presented. Strategies for dealing with these dilemmas are provided.
The 1978 election in the Dominican Republic: Opposition politics, intervention and the Carter administration

Politics in the Dominican Republic has often caused immense interest in the United States and precipitated government reactions that have not only been extremely controversial but, more to the point, have influenced the course of Dominican history and economic development. In response to the internal political and economic situation in the Dominican Republic, the United States has, at various times since 1844, invaded the country, controlled its export economy, directed its elections, modernized its infrastructure, threatened its leaders, advised its presidents and even at one time sought to annex it in order to better develop and benefit from its wealth. There is perhaps no way that the United States has not sought to influence or direct the course of the Dominican nation. No other Latin American country (with the possible exceptions of Cuba and Mexico) has had its history so dominated by the actions or reactions of United States policy-makers.1 The 1978 national election in the Dominican Republic adds a new chapter in the saga of American intervention in the Dominican political system. As will be shown in this article, the 1978 election provided the United States with another opportunity to direct that country's internal political situation. In 1978 the United States again intervened in the internal politics of the Dominican Republic and in the process reminded Dominicans of the "special relationship" that exist between their country and the "Colossus of the North."
Fast-neutron total and scattering cross sections of W 182 , W 184 , and W 186

Neutron total cross sections of $^{182}\mathrm{W}$, $^{184}\mathrm{W}$, and $^{186}\mathrm{W}$ were measured from 0.3 to 5.0 MeV at intervals of \ensuremath{\lesssim}50 keV to accuracies of 1 to 3%. Differential elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections of the same three isotopes were measured from 1.5 to 4.0 MeV at incident-energy intervals of \ensuremath{\lesssim}200 keV over the angular range 20 to 160 deg. Approximately thirty scattered-neutron groups were observed for each isotope. Prominent among these are excitations attributed to rotational and vibrational bands. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of the statistical and the coupled-channels models with particular attention to the ground-state-rotational and the beta- and gamma-vibrational bands.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Measured ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}$ (total) of $^{182}\mathrm{W}$, $^{184}\mathrm{W}$, $^{186}\mathrm{W}$, 0.3-5.0 MeV; measured $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{n}}$ (elastic and inelastic) 1.5-4.0 MeV, 20-160 deg; statistical and coupled-channels model interpretations.
Shape Effect on Nanoparticle Solvation: A Comparison of Morphometric Thermodynamics and Microscopic Theories

Conventional wisdom for controlling the nanoparticle size and shape during synthesis is that particle growth favors the direction of a facet with the highest surface energy. However, the particle solvation free energy, which dictates the particle stability and growth, depends not only on the surface area and surface free energy but also on other geometric measures such as the solvent excluded volume and the surface curvature and their affiliated thermodynamic properties. In this work, we study the geometrical effects on the solvation free energies of nonspherical nanoparticles using morphometric thermodynamics and density functional theories. For idealized systems that account for only molecular excluded-volume interactions, morphometric thermodynamics yields a reliable solvation free energy when the particle size is significantly larger than the solvent correlation length. However, noticeable deviations can be identified in comparison to the microscopic theories for predicting the solvation free energies...
Aspergillus otomycosis in an immunocompromised patient

Aspergillus niger, an opportunistic filamentous fungus, was identified as the cause of chronic unilateral otomycosis in a 55-year old, immunocompromised man who had been unresponsive to a variety of treatment regimens. The patient presented with intermittent otalgia and otorrhea and with a perforation of his left tympanic membrane. A niger was identified in a culture specimen obtained from the patient's left ear canal. In immunocompromised patients, it is important that the treatment of otomycosis be prompt and vigorous, to minimize the likelihood of hearing loss and invasive temporal bone infection.
An Eulerian model for nonlinear waves in elastic rods, solved numerically by the CESE method

Abstract In this paper, we use a comprehensive perturbation theory to develop an Eulerian model for nonlinear longitudinal waves in tapered elastic rods. The equations of motion, when cast in their Eulerian form, are ideal for fixed-grid numerical techniques such as finite-difference methods, finite-volume methods, and modern high-resolution shock-capturing schemes. The leading-order equations in our perturbation formalism are verified using a control-volume analysis, then linearized to recover a classical model for longitudinal waves in ultrasonic horns. We assess the mathematical structure of our leading-order model, deduce the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix, and verify its hyperbolicity. Solutions are obtained using the space-time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method, a novel numerical technique for first-order hyperbolic systems. In our simulations, the CESE method is shown to effectively capture the evolution of traveling waves such as shocks and rarefactions, as well as salient features of nonlinearity.
Analysis of content of iodine in edible salt in Hangzhou in 2009

Objective:In the purpose of surveying the content of iodine in the edible salt in Hangzhou so as to analyse the affected factors.Methods:We selected 108 samples of saltworks and 288 samples of residents of Hangzhou,and measured the content of iodine according to the national standard.Results:All the samples of the saltworks are up to standard and the content ranged from 22.8 mg/kg to 48.5 mg/kg;for the sample of residents the pass rate is 97.2%,and the content ranged from 5.3 mg/kg to 54.8 mg/kg.Conclusion:The results are above the standard that has been stated,but there exists the problem that the content of iodine is asymmetry,so more attention should be paid.
A Survey of Stream Clustering Algorithms

This chapter discusses clustering methods which are based on the k-means or the k-medians methodology. It explores density-based methods for stream clustering. The chapter describes probabilistic algorithms for clustering data streams and shows that high dimensional streaming algorithms. It outlines methods for discrete and categorical stream clustering and considers methods for clustering text streams. In the context of stream processing, temporal locality is also quite important, because the underlying patterns in the data may evolve, and therefore, the clusters in the past history may no longer remain relevant to the future. A variety of stream clustering algorithms attempt to take such temporal issues into account with the use of snapshot-based methods, decay-based techniques and windowing. Since stream data naturally imposes a one-pass constraint on the design of the algorithms, it becomes more difficult to provide such flexibility in computing clusters over different kinds of time horizons using conventional algorithms.
RRD-251 enhances all-trans retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells.

// Aaron S. Wallace 1, * , Harrison T. Supnick 1, * , Rodica P. Bunaciu 1 , Andrew Yen 1 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Andrew Yen, email: ay13@cornell.edu Keywords: all-trans retinoic acid (RA), RRD-251, GSK-3, c-Raf, retinoblastoma protein (RB) Received: May 13, 2016 Accepted: June 03, 2016 Published: June 17, 2016 ABSTRACT All-trans -retinoic acid (RA) is known to induce terminal granulocytic differentiation and cell cycle arrest of HL-60 cells. Responding to an RA-induced cytosolic signaling machine, c-Raf translocates to the nucleus, providing propulsion for RA-induced differentiation. This novel mechanism is not understood, but presumably reflects c-Raf binding with nuclear gene regulatory proteins. RRD-251 is a small molecule that prevents the interaction of c-Raf and RB, the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. The involvement of c-Raf and RB in RA-induced differentiation motivates interest in the effects of combined RA and RRD-251 treatment on leukemic cell differentiation. We demonstrate that RRD-251 enhances RA-induced differentiation. Mechanistically, we find that nuclear translocated c-Raf associates with pS608 RB. RA causes loss of pS608 RB, where cells with hypophosphorylated S608 RB are G 0/ G 1 restricted. Corroborating the pS608 RB hypophosphorylation, RB sequestration of E2F increased with concomitant loss of cdc6 expression, which is known to be driven by E2F. Hypophosphorylation of S608 RB releases c-Raf from RB sequestration to bind other nuclear targets. Release of c-Raf from RB sequestration results in enhanced association with GSK-3 which is phosphorylated at its S21/9 inhibitory sites. c-Raf binding to GSK-3 is associated with dissociation of GSK-3 and RARα, thereby relieving RARα of GSK-3 inhibition. RRD-251 amplifies each of these RA-induced events. Consistent with the posited enhancement of RARα transcriptional activity by RRD-251, RRD-251 increases the RARE-driven CD38 expression per cell. The RA/c-Raf/GSK-3/RARα axis emerges as a novel differentiation regulatory mechanism susceptible to RRD-251, suggesting enhancing RA-effects with RRD-251 in therapy.
ANIONIC SPECIES DETERMINATION IN CASIO3 GLASS USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL 29SI NMR

The structure of the alkaline earth silicate glass CaSiO 3 has been investigated using a two-dimensional 29 Si NMR experiment that correlates the isotropic magic-angle-spinning (MAS) spectrum with an anisotropic off-magic-angle-spinning spectrum. Although the one-dimensional magic-angle-spinning (MAS) spectrum is completely unresolved, all five types of SiO 4 tetrahedra (represented by the notation Q (n) , where n ) 0-4 representing the number of bridging oxygen) can be resolved and quantified on the basis of the separated anisotropic line shapes in the 2D spectrum. The distribution of isotropic chemical shifts derived from the 2D spectrum suggests that in the case of CaSiO3 glass the conventional approach of fitting the one-dimensional MAS spectrum with overlapping Gaussian line shapes would lead to significant errors in Q (n) quantification. The equilibrium constants for the disproportionation reaction Q (n) h Q (n-1) + Q (n+1) with n ) 1, 2, and 3 were determined from the 2D spectrum to be 0.105 ( 0.019, 0.156 ( 0.005, and 0.106 ( 0.022, respectively. These results clearly indicate a significantly greater deviation from a binary model of Q (n) species disproportionation in alkaline earth silicate melts when compared to alkali silicate melts and thus suggest a relatively more disordered structure.
VIBRATIONS OF MOLECULES AND CRYSTALS

I cultivate them with my children, and the work keeps us from three great evils, boredom, vice, and poverty.
Real-time imaging of intracellular hydrogen peroxide in pancreatic islets.

A real-time method to measure intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) would be very impactful in characterizing rapid changes that occur in physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Current methods do not provide the sensitivity, specificity and spatiotemporal resolution needed for such experiments on intact cells. We developed the use of HyPer, a genetic indicator for H 2 O 2 that can be expressed in the cytosol (cyto-HyPer) or the mitochondria (mito-HyPer) of live cells. INS-1 cells or islets were permeabilized and the cytosolic HyPer signal was a linear function of extracellular H 2 O 2 , allowing fluorescent cyto-HyPer signals to be converted into H 2 O 2 concentrations. Glucose increased cytosolic H 2 O 2 , an effect that was suppressed by overexpression of catalase. Large perturbations in pH can influence the HyPer signal, but inclusion of HEPES [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid] in the perfusate prevented pH changes, but did not affect glucose-induced cyto-HyPer signals, suggesting that this effect is largely pH-independent. Using the assay, two fundamental questions were addressed. Knockdown of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), the mitochondrial form of SOD, completely suppressed glucose-induced H 2 O 2 . Furthermore, glucose also induced mitochondrial superoxide and H 2 O 2 production, which preceded the appearance of cytosolic H 2 O 2 . Therefore, glucose-induced H 2 O 2 largely originated from mitochondria. Finally, the glucose-induced HyPer signal was less than 1/20th of that induced by toxic levels of H 2 O 2 . Overall, the use of HyPer for real-time imaging allowed resolution of acute changes in intracellular levels of H 2 O 2 and will have great utility for islet studies involving mechanisms of H 2 O 2 -mediated signaling and oxidative stress.
Oxy-Fuel Increases open Hearth Potential

Experimental practice developed at Ford has indicated a potential of more than 65 tph on a 200-ton open-hearth furnace. In this article, the author describes results of heats on a 400-ton furnace which have given an output of over 100-tph.
Thermally assisted acoustophoresis as a new stiffness-based separation method

The use of acoustophoretic separation devices provides a feasible means in biomedical diagnostics for label-free separation of diseased cells. Separation via acoustophoresis, however, has been restricted mainly to size contrast. Thermally-assisted acoustophoresis, as a newly-developed approach, integrates acoustic and thermal actuators on the same platform, enabling a stiffness-based separation when adjusted properly. Using this method, we have demonstrated the possibility of separating cell-mimicking liposomes based on their membrane stiffness. In a temperature-tuned microchannel with an overlaid ultrasonic standing wave, the acoustic contrast factor of a liposome is mainly determined according to its compressibility compared to that of medium. The sign of this factor was observed to flip to a negative value at a specific temperature, unique to the composition of the liposome. This sign switch was hypothesized to be due to the thermotropic phase transitions in the liposome’s membrane upon which an apparent effect on the compressibility is experienced by the liposome. By choosing the midpoint of the existing temperature window for two different compositions, within which liposomes were mechanically distinct enough to become differentiable in the acoustic radiation field, we examined the separation efficiency under different flow rate conditions.
Plant-microbial interactions in agriculture and the use of farming systems to improve diversity and productivity

A thorough understanding of the services provided by microorganisms to the agricultural ecosystem is integral to understanding how management systems can improve or deteriorate soil health and production over the long term. Yet it is hampered by the difficulty in measuring the intersection of plant, microbe, and environment, in no small part because of the situational specificity to some plant-microbial interactions, related to soil moisture, nutrient content, climate, and local diversity. Despite this, perspective on soil microbiota in agricultural settings can inform management practices to improve the sustainability of agricultural production.
The Planning, Implementation, and Assessment of an International Internship Program: An Exploratory Case Study

This exploratory case study reported the planning, implementation, and assessment of an international internship undertaken in a Taiwanese company by an American university student who was operating independently abroad. The model required the student to establish learning objectives, self-assess language use and learning strategies, and engage in critical reflection. Weekly oral journals and pre/post language proficiency test results revealed substantial progress in Chinese linguistic skills and deeper professional knowledge.
Addressing the challenges of lymphangioleiomyomatosis assessment in the clinic

Introduction: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a disease primarily of women characterized by cystic lung destruction, lymphatic involvement, and renal angiomyolipomas.Areas covered: LAM is caused ...
Identifying risk factors for first-episode neck pain: A systematic review

Neck pain affects 15.1% of the United States' general population every 3 months, and ranks fourth in global disability. Because of the tendency for neck pain to become a chronic issue, it is important to identify risk factors that could encourage prevention and early diagnosis. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify risk factors for a first episode of neck pain. Three databases were searched with key words such as "neck pain" and "first incidence." Risk factors from the resulting articles were reported as either a physical or psychosocial risk factor and ranked by the strength of their odds/risk/hazard ratio: <1.0 (protective factor), 1.0-1.5 (minor risk), 1.5-2.0 (moderate risk), or 2.0+ (major risk). Out of 878 total articles, 10 articles met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, a global incidence rate for neck pain was calculated to be 16.2%. The strongest psychosocial risk factors were depressed mood, high role conflict, and perceived muscular tension. There were no major physical risk factors (2.0+), but the most commonly reported risk factor was work in awkward/sustained postures. Protective measures found included high perceived empowering leadership, high perceived social climate, leisure physical activity, and cervical extensor endurance. Most risk factors found for neck pain were related to psychosocial characteristics, rather than physical characteristics. A number of these risk factors were mediating factors, suggesting that a prevention-based program may be useful in modifying the existence of the risk factors before the occurrence of neck pain.