cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Na+/cotransporter isoform NBC-3

Na + - HCO 3 − cotransporters mediate the transport of HCO 3 − into or out of the cell. Two Na + - HCO 3 − cotransporters (NBC) have been identified previously, which are referred to as NBC-1 and NBC-2. A cDNA library from uninduced human NT-2 cells was screened with an NBC-2 cDNA probe. Several clones were identified and isolated. Sequence analysis of these clones identified a partial coding region (2 kb) of a novel NBC (called here NBC-3), which showed 53% and 72% identity with NBC-1 and NBC-2, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed that NBC-3 encodes a 4.4-kb mRNA with a tissue distribution pattern distinct from NBC-1 and NBC-2. NBC-3 is highly expressed in brain and spinal column, with moderate levels in trachea, thyroid, and kidney. In contrast with NBC-1, NBC-3 shows low levels of expression in pancreas and kidney cortex. In the kidney, NBC-3 expression is predominantly limited to the medulla. Cultured mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-3) cells showed high levels of NBC-1 and low levels of NBC-3 mRNA expression. Subjecting the mutagenized mIMCD-3 cells to sublethal acid stress decreased the mRNA expression of NBC-1 by ∼90% but increased the Na + -dependent HCO 3 − cotransport activity by ∼7-fold (as assayed by DIDS-sensitive, Na + -dependent, HCO 3 − -mediated intracellular pH recovery). This increase was associated with ∼5.5-fold enhancement of NBC-3 mRNA levels. NBC showed significant affinity for Li + in the mutant but not the parent mIMCD-3 cells. On the basis of the widespread distribution of NBC-3, we propose that this isoform is likely involved in cell pH regulation by transporting HCO 3 − from blood to the cell. We further propose that enhanced expression of NBC-3 in severe acid stress could play an important role in cell survival by mediating the influx of HCO 3 − into the cells.
Viewpoint: Inorganic Materials for UV and Deep-UV Nonlinear-Optical Applications.

New inorganic nonlinear-optical (NLO) materials are necessary for solid-state lasers to generate coherent radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) and deep-UV regions. The purpose of this Viewpoint is to describe the chemical and physical requirements for such materials, as well as the current state of the field. In addition, the “birefringence challenge” is described and a flowchart is presented for characterizing new second-harmonic-generation materials. Finally, several new materials are suggested that may have UV and/or deep-UV NLO applications.
FINITE AND INFINITE MODELS FOR GENERALIZED GROUP-TESTING WITH UNEQUAL PROBABILITIES OF SUCCESS FOR EACH ITEM*

Publisher Summary In group testing, any number of units from the same or different sources can be tested, but each test of a batch of, say, x units gives one of two possible results: (1) either all x units are good or (2) at least one of the x units is defective and one does not know which one. This chapter presents a classification of units efficiently in the sense of minimizing the number of tests required. Each value of i corresponds to a different source or stream of units, and each stream represents an assembly line type of operation with an unending number of units coming forth to be tested. Each unit from the ith stream can only be good or defective. All units from the same or different streams represent independent binomial chance variables. The one restriction that is put on the plan or strategy for testing units is that no stream should be held up indefinitely, that is, any unit in any of the k streams is classified in some finite number of tests. For any set of qi-values, one can always write these as powers of one q.
Concepts and Controversies in Grief and Loss

Although grief is a universal experience, the ways in which it occurs are not universally agreed upon. In fact, there is considerable controversy about the "normal" duration of grief, its expected outcome, and its course. Although most grieving adults will achieve a sense of normalcy at some point, others seem not to do so. Continuing impairment by grief raises a question: Is the experience qualitatively different from normal grief or is it different only in degree? This article discusses grief conceptualizations, including that of complicated grief, and approaches to grief counseling.
Is Determinism Self-Refuting?

One of the relatively minor skirmishes in the ongoing philosophical controversy over the reality of free will is the debate about whether the determinist position is somehow self-refuting. This debate has seemed to be of minor importance because the argument that determinism is self-refuting has the appearance of sophistry; it seems like a short, fast way out of a very complicated problem.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy/stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for lung cancer

Technological advances in radiation oncology have led to clinical implementation of novel treatment modality. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT)/stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging treatment paradigm as a result of image-guidance technology and more sophisticated computational treatment planning system. SBRT/SABR, an example of computational radiosurgery, is a continuum of advances in computational surgery. The role of SBRT/SABR is most important in the management of lung cancer for early primary lung cancer and in oligometastatic lung disease. SBRT/SABR combines the challenges of patient/tumor/normal tissues motion with that of meeting the stringent dosimetric requirements of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Target delineation, image guidance, patient immobilization, computer-assisted treatment planning, and delivery are essential in the safe and successful practice of SBRT/SABR. Radio-biologic rationale, technical and clinical aspects of SBRT/SABR in the treatment of both primary and metastatic lung cancer as well as the future challenges will be addressed.
Evolving Relationship between Humans and Machines

Abstract Traditional design typically consists of a master-servant relationship between humans and machines where the human directly controls what the machine will do and when it will do it through an interface. The current archetypical path encompasses moving from informational displays, where the human directly controls the machine based on information displayed, to automation where the human still directs the machine that then caries out the request using predefined set of instructions. Rapid pace of technological advancement makes it possible now, or in a near future, for machines to reach a level of intelligence that enables for systems to execute tasks/missions without predefined specific instructions; thus attaining a status of non-human autonomous agents. Now the course of human-machine interface technology changes from an information system to automation to an autonomous agent—essentially moving from a master-servant relationship to teammates. This paper discusses these changing relationships and challenges associated with progressing from a master-servant relationship with technology to more of an equal teammate. Examples of this progression includes current work encompassing rotorcraft noise minimization for urban air mobility.
Theoretical and methodological considerations of self-concept measurement

Partially replicating a study by Savin-Williams and Jaquish (1981), assessment of self-concept was explored by investigating the relationships of "presented" and "experienced" selves among seven adolescent girls participating in a team sport at a high school in Southern California. Behavior observations and self- and peer ratings were used to assess three dimensions of self (self-confidence, popularity, and athletic skill) and examine relationships between these multimethods of self-concept measurement. In general, significant correlations between behavior observations and peer ratings were found, but not between behavior observations and self-ratings, or peer and self-ratings. A behavioral approach to measuring self-concept across situations appeared to be more indicative of the multidimensionality of the self than sole reliance on self-report. The authors concluded that self-concept measurement requires increased sensitivity to definition of, saliency of, and vacillation within a domain, the reference group used for social comparison, and the impact of previous experience on current views of self. Language: en
Vibration-based gait analysis via instrumented buildings:

Gait analysis is an invaluable tool in diagnosing and monitoring human health. Current techniques often rely on specialists or expensive gait measurement systems. There is a clear space in the fiel...
The association between crop and income diversity and farmer intra-household dietary diversity in India

This paper investigates the associations between crop and income diversity and dietary diversity among men, women, adolescents, and children of farmer households in India. We examine crop, income, and dietary data collected from 1106 farmer households across Gujarat and Haryana, two states that represent different livelihood transition pathways in India. Regression results suggest that crop diversity had a positive association with dietary diversity among adults (both men and women) in both states, and among adolescents and children in Haryana. Higher family education and annual income were the two most important factors associated with higher dietary diversity score (DDS) in Gujarat whereas, higher family education, greater crop diversity, and increased distance traveled to markets were the most important factors associated with higher individual DDS in Haryana. Specifically, for children, crop diversity emerged as one of the most important factors associated with dietary diversity in both states. Interestingly, we find that even in these two relatively prosperous states, the pathways to dietary diversity vary across sites and within households, suggesting that policies to improve dietary diversity should be tailored to a given location and context.
A randomized, prospective, comparative trial of a variable-angle versus fixed-angle endoscope for exploratory thoracoscopy in canine cadavers

Objective To compare the efficacy of a variable-angle endoscope (VAE) for canine thoracoscopic exploration to a traditional fixed-angle endoscope (FAE). Study design Randomized, prospective, comparative study. Sample population Five fresh canine cadavers. Methods Twelve predetermined anatomical locations were labeled after median sternotomy in each cadaveric thorax. Two board-certified veterinary surgeons performed thoracoscopic evaluation of each thorax using a fixed-angle (30°) and a variable-angle (0°-120°) endoscope with and without lungs mechanically ventilated. The order of surgeon, lung ventilation, and endoscope were determined using a randomized block design. Time to visualize each anatomical location was compared for surgeon, endoscope, and lung ventilation status. Primary outcome measures were time to individual anatomical location, total simulated thoracoscopic exploration time, and ability to identify anatomical location within the designated time period. Results Lung ventilation (difference = 184 seconds, P = .015, 95% CI = 45-342 seconds) and endoscope type (difference = 112 seconds, P = .029; 95% CI = 10-213 seconds) had an effect on the cumulative time for complete thoracoscopic exploration. The VAE shortened the time to identify three of the 12 anatomical locations when controlling for the effects of lung ventilation. Use of the VAE did not improve time to identification for any locations compared to the FAE when lungs were not ventilated. The VAE facilitated significantly shorter cumulative thoracoscopic exploration time compared with the FAE. Failure to identify predetermined locations was more common with the FAE than with the VAE. Conclusion Use of a rigid VAE decreased cumulative thoracoscopic exploration time and provided an alternative to one-lung ventilation for circumventing the visual impediments of lung ventilation. Clinical significance This cadaveric study provides evidence that one-lung ventilation and use of a VAE may improve surgeon efficiency during exploratory thoracoscopy.
The Landmark Bostock Decision: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Bias in Employment Constitute Sex Discrimination under Federal Law

On June 15, 2020, the Supreme Court of the United States (Supreme Court or SCOTUS) issued a widely anticipated decision holding that the federal statutory ban on sex discrimination in employment includes a prohibition of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. A landmark case in every sense of the term, Bostock v. Clayton County (Bostock) is important for a number of reasons. Besides being a significant victory for civil rights advocates, LGBTQIA people, and their allies, the 6-3 decision was notable for its discussion of an ascendant theory of statutory interpretation, the majority’s well-reasoned analysis of the principles of causation, and the fact that a conservative judicial appointee of President Donald Trump authored the majority opinion. The decision also underscores the value of a carefully constructed LGBTQIA rights litigation strategy that was decades in the making. Perhaps most importantly, Bostock lays the groundwork for nationwide protection of sexual minorities from discrimination in housing, education, health care, and public accommodations, among other areas. Despite polls showing that a majority of Americans support civil rights for LGBTQIA people, reaction to the case, both for and against, has been strong. Strong partisan response is in part driven by the Trump administration’s agenda vis-a-vis the rights of sexual minorities. Indeed, one hallmark of Trumpism has been the continuous attack on civil rights advances for the LGBTQIA community, with a great deal of hostility aimed at transsexuals. Given the antipathy of the administration towards a vulnerable population, civil rights advocates see Bostock as a much needed course correction and cause for celebration. Cultural conservatives, on the other hand, argue that Bostock strikes a blow against religious freedom and constitutes usurpation by the Court of the federal legislative function. The fears of cultural conservatives, however, were likely assuaged somewhat by a pair of SCOTUS decisions, which were issued just three weeks after Bostock. While those cases may presage limitations on the reach of Bostock, and seem to prioritize religious freedom over other fundamental rights, this Dispatch cautions that the human right to be free of workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity must be safeguarded as the rule rather than the exception.
Stealing Culture: Repatriation of Human Remains in University Collections

What happens when a museum unknowingly, or knowingly, has human remains and/or related cultural objects in their collection? Who should be held accountable? What are some legal ramifications for keeping the objects versus the repatriation of these collections? How does the museum start the repatriation process? Historically human remains have been an accepted part of university museum collections for research, teaching, and display. However, with a recent heightened awareness, and questions surrounding ownership of cultural objects, the discussion of repatriation, especially of human remains, is timely. Crawford and Jackson use the United States’ Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) as the framework for a discussion and formation of an international policy for repatriation of human remains and related cultural objects. They accomplish this by focusing the workshop’s discussion on the specific policies and procedures governing university museums as they deal with the issues of human remains within their collections. As part of their long-term collaboration focusing on how criminal law can affect museums, Crawford brings specialized knowledge in museum policy and administration as well as a background in commercial art galleries and auction houses. Jackson brings specialized knowledge in the criminal justice system, criminal investigations, and policy analysis.
Cat and Mouse Game: Patching Bureaucratic Work Relations by Patching Technologies

This article uses findings from a field study of the world's largest guaranteed employment scheme (NREGA) in India to understand how digital technology mediates work relations and power dynamics within a bureaucracy. In this initiative, upper-level bureaucrats in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh built a digital network to remove local discretion at the "last mile" of an implementation of NREGA. I show how digital infrastructure affords actors at both the first and last mile opportunities to modify software to control as well as subvert certain practices. This article refers to this dialectic phenomenon as "governance by patching" and defines it as a socio-technical instantiation of a top-down process that focuses on small changes, iterative, and political process for positive change. Governance by patching is, therefore, neither a purely technical process nor an exclusively administrative one. Rather, it refers to the ability to fix unanticipated problems that arise in the implementation of governance programs by altering the socio-technical systems. The struggle for power continues, but on the new digital terrain.
A Survey of Network-on-Chip Security Attacks and Countermeasures

With the advances of chip manufacturing technologies, computer architects have been able to integrate an increasing number of processors and other heterogeneous components on the same chip. Network-on-Chip (NoC) is widely employed by multicore System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures to cater to their communication requirements. NoC has received significant attention from both attackers and defenders. The increased usage of NoC and its distributed nature across the chip has made it a focal point of potential security attacks. Due to its prime location in the SoC coupled with connectivity with various components, NoC can be effectively utilized to implement security countermeasures to protect the SoC from potential attacks. There is a wide variety of existing literature on NoC security attacks and countermeasures. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey of security vulnerabilities in NoC-based SoC architectures and discuss relevant countermeasures.
Distal Hamstring, Pes Anserine, and Popliteal Tendons

While posterior knee injuries in isolation are rare, they certainly can cause persistent pain and disability when overlooked. In addition, posterior knee region anatomy is complex and tendon injuries in this area can easily be mistaken as an intra-articular pathology. Awareness of posterior knee region tendon injuries allows health care providers to effectively manage these pathologies without delay in care. This chapter discusses the posterior knee tendon anatomy, pathologies, work up, and management. The majority of treatments for most tendon lesions in this area are non-surgical although surgical intervention is discussed.
The kinetic stabilizer: Further calculations and options

The Kinetic Stabilizer, employing injected and mirror-reflected ion beams, represents a method for stabilizing axisymmetric mirror and tandem mirror systems. Building on earlier work, this paper presents further calculations on the concept and explores some new options that promise to enhance its capabilities.
Pancreas transplantation — Indications and outcomes

Background: Pancreas transplantation is the only treatment of Type I diabetes that establishes an insulin-independent, constant normoglycemic state. The penalty for this benefit is the need for immunosuppression in the recipients. Thus, most pancreas transplants are performed in patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy who receive kidney transplants to treat uremia, and who are obligated to immunosuppression for this reason. Methods: Of the 4,000 pancreas transplants reported to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry from 1966 and 1992, approximately 85% were in diabetic renal allograft recipients. Pancreas transplants alone are primarily performed in highly selected patients with extremely labile diabetes. Results: Since 1986, success rates (insulin-independence for ≥ 1 year), as calculated by the Pancreas Transplant Registry, have been approximately 75% for pancreas transplants performed simultaneous with a kidney, and approximately 50% when performed as a solitary procedure. Studies of the effect of pancreas transplantation on secondary complications of diabetes have been mixed. Clinical neuropathy and early, but not advanced, nephropathy are favorably influenced, while advanced retinopathy is not. Several studies show a favorable impact on how recipients rate their quality of life post-pancreas transplant. Conclusion: Pancreas transplantation has evolved into a very routine method of beta cell replacement in many centers when performed in conjunction with renal allografts for treatment of uremia. As a solitary procedure, it has a role in the treatment of highly selected patients with extremely labile diabetes not well served by the alternatives. Ultimately, pancreas transplantation will probably be superseded by islet transplantation. For the moment, however, only pancreas transplantation can be offered with a probability of success approaching, or similar to, that of other solid organ transplants.
Predicting potentially fatal conductive disease in sarcoidosis; can cardiac MRI define the risk?

Background Sarcoidosis incidence is approximately 1:135,000 Americans. Cardiac involvement triggers multiple conduction disturbances, the most severe being complete heart block and VT/VF. Non-caseating granulomas have been found in the myocardium in up to 50% of the cases of fatal sarcoidosis, and 67% of patients that died from cardiac causes had myocardial involvement. Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular MCMRRI (LGE) has been shown to be more than twice as sensitive for cardiac involvement per current consensus Japanese Ministry of Health criteria and is widely held but, as yet unproven, to be more sensitive than the invasive RV endomyocardial biopsy.
Fermilab Antiproton Source, Recycler Ring and Main Injector

cm -2 sec -1 ) could be achieved with a facility that would produce and cool approximately 10 11 antiprotons per day. Funding for the Tevatron I project (to construct the Antiproton source) was initiated in 1981 and the Tevatron ring itself was completed, as a fixed target accelerator, in the summer of 1983 and the Antiproton Source was completed in 1985. At the end of its operations in 2011, the Fermilab antiproton production complex consisted of a sophisticated target system, three 8-GeV storage rings (namely the Debuncher, Accumulator and Recycler), 25 independent multi-GHz stochastic cooling systems, the world’s only relativistic electron cooling system and a team of technical experts equal to none. Sustained accumulation of antiprotons was possible at the rate of greater than 2.5×10 11 per hour. Record-size stacks of antiprotons in excess of 3×10 12
Multivariable Control of Data Networks

Abstract A state-space model that is natural for characterizing data flow in store-and-forward communication networks is formulated. It is then shown how multivariable control theory can be applied to develop feedback routing policies which regulate queue lengths throughout the network in the presence of heavy input traffic. These policies are stable, easy to implement, and possess design freedom for shaping the network’s dynamic response. The study also delineates the role of controllability in data routing. Examples are included to illustrate the results.
Narrow-band imaging versus white light for the detection of proximal colon serrated lesions: a randomized, controlled trial

Background The value of narrow-band imaging (NBI) for detecting serrated lesions is unknown. Objective To assess NBI for the detection of proximal colon serrated lesions. Design Randomized, controlled trial. Setting Two academic hospital outpatient units. Patients Eight hundred outpatients 50 years of age and older with intact colons undergoing routine screening, surveillance, or diagnostic examinations. Interventions Randomization to colon inspection in NBI versus white-light colonoscopy. Main Outcome Measurements The number of serrated lesions (sessile serrated polyps plus hyperplastic polyps) proximal to the sigmoid colon. Results The mean inspection times for the whole colon and proximal colon were the same for the NBI and white-light groups. There were 204 proximal colon lesions in the NBI group and 158 in the white light group ( P = .085). Detection of conventional adenomas was comparable in the 2 groups. Limitations Lack of blinding, endoscopic estimation of polyp location. Conclusion NBI may increase the detection of proximal colon serrated lesions, but the result in this trial did not reach significance. Additional study of this issue is warranted. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01572428.)
Electromagnetic Dissociation Cross Sections Using Weisskopf-Ewing Theory

It is important that accurate estimates of crew exposure to radiation are obtained for future long-term space missions. Presently, several space radiation transport codes exist to predict the radiation environment, all of which take as input particle interaction cross sections that describe the nuclear interactions between the particles and the shielding material. The space radiation transport code HZETRN uses the nuclear fragmentation model NUCFRG2 to calculate Electromagnetic Dissociation (EMD) cross sections. Currently, NUCFRG2 employs energy independent branching ratios to calculate these cross sections. Using Weisskopf-Ewing (WE) theory to calculate branching ratios, however, is more advantageous than the method currently employed in NUCFRG2. The WE theory can calculate not only neutron and proton emission, as in the energy independent branching ratio formalism used in NUCFRG2, but also deuteron, triton, helion, and alpha particle emission. These particles can contribute significantly to total exposure estimates. In this work, photonuclear cross sections are calculated using WE theory and the energy independent branching ratios used in NUCFRG2 and then compared to experimental data. It is found that the WE theory gives comparable, but mainly better agreement with data than the energy independent branching ratio. Furthermore, EMD cross sections for single neutron, proton, and alpha particle removal are calculated using WE theory and an energy independent branching ratio used in NUCFRG2 and compared to experimental data.
Construction of Tertiary Chiral Centers by Pd-catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Prochiral Enolate Equivalents

The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of enol carbonates derived from lactams and ketones is described. Employing these substrates with an electronically tuned Pd catalyst system trisubstituted chiral centers are produced. These stereocenters have been previously challenging to achieve using Pd complex/chiral P–N ligand systems.
An Empirical Analysis of Critical Headway for Drivers Turning Right on Red at Signalized Intersections

Right-turn-on-red (RTOR) movements can significantly affect the capacity of right-turn lanes at signalized intersections. Vehicles turning right on red must wait for an adequate opening in conflicting vehicle traffic (and/or pedestrian traffic if present) in order to complete the turn, and consequently, there exists a RTOR critical headway. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) recommends field measurements of RTOR vehicles in calculating capacity at signalized intersections, but this is not always possible. In these cases, the RTOR must either be assumed to be zero, which may lead to significantly inflated right turn delay calculations, or be estimated based on intersection geometry and traffic patterns. Previous research on the effects of RTOR on capacity and delay has assumed a RTOR critical headway equal to that of the HCM base critical headway values for two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersection minor street right turns. To assess this assumption, an empirical analysis of the critical headway for RTOR maneuvers was conducted using observational data obtained from five signalized intersection approaches in different regions of the United States. Headway acceptance and rejection data were extracted manually from high-definition videos taken at the intersection approaches, and the RTOR critical headway was determined. It was found that the RTOR critical headway is generally less than the HCM base critical headway values for TWSC intersection minor street right turns, indicating drivers are more aggressive at traffic signals. Implications of RTOR critical headway for capacity and delay calculations for signalized intersections are discussed.
The Case SIS Project: An Enterprise System in Higher Education

In 2006, Case Western Reserve University (Case) initiated the acquisition, customization, and implementation of a new student information system (SIS). The Case SIS Project was intended to integrate the capture and management of all student information and student-facing administrative functions across the university’s distinct schools. Key functions supported by the platform include admissions, financial aid, course selection and enrollment, grading, degree tracking, and transcript management. The initial roll-out of the system was completed in the Fall 2008 semester, and additional phases will be rolled out over the course of the 2008 - 2009 academic year.
The factor VIII complex: structure and function

Normal human plasma contains a complex of two proteins that are important in hemostasis and coagulation. The factor VIII procoagulant protein (antihemophilic factor) and the factor VIII-related protein (von Willebrand factor) are under separate genetic control, have distinct biochemical and immunologic properties, and have unique and essential physiologic functions. While the nature of their interaction and the details of the biochemical structures remain to be determined, the information now available permits a preliminary understanding of the molecular defects in hemophilia and von Willebrand's diseases.
Now and then1

: Antipode was launched into the firmament of the 1970s. We might reflect upon how well the journal and its contributors fully appreciated the historical gravity and weight of what was surrounding the project to create “a radical journal of geography”. What sort of radicalism was on offer? The language was “social relevance” from “a radical (Left) political viewpoint”. In writing to celebrate Antipode's birthday, this time in another, and similar, firmament there is still the need to confront the challenge of radicalism and its meanings. Whether we agree with Perry Anderson that the last vestiges of the 1960s have been finally swept away, that the “fluent vision” of the Right has no equivalent on the Left and that embedded liberalism is now as remote as “Arian bishops”, where do radical alternatives stand in relation to the fractured hegemony of neoliberalism? At the very least the need for alternatives is more pressing than ever. David Harvey has proposed rethinking the idea of “the right to the city”. But what other rights might we rethink? I reflect upon this question by returning to the 1960s and 1970s and Marxist debates over the law, and by thinking about the possibilities offered by this Polanyian moment.
Dynamic permutation based time slot allocation for 3G WCDMA TDD systems

A novel time slot allocation algorithm called dynamic permutation based time slot allocation is proposed for WCDMA TDD systems. Trade-off between interference and usable resources of time slots is considered in assignment of codes to time slots. The proposed algorithm dynamically permutes time slots based on the change of time slot interference and required resources during the code assignment of the new call. Performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to the static permutation based time slot allocation algorithm.
Tangible music interfaces using passive magnetic tags

The technologies behind passive resonant magnetically-coupled tags are introduced and their application as a musical controller is illustrated for solo or group performances, interactive installations, and music toys.
Red cell metabolism

Resume Au cours des quinze dernieres annees l'attention s'est beaucoup plus portee sur les enzymopathies hereditaires du globule rouge entrainant une anemie hemolytique que sur les deficits enzymatiques erythrocytaires non responsables d'une maladie hematologique. Dans cette derniere categorie, l'anomalie erythrocytaire constitue un indicateur precieux soit d'un deficit enzymatique generalise, soit de l'impact des modifications d'environnement sur le metabolisme intra-erythrocytaire. Le diagnostic de plusieurs enzymopathies sans retentissement hematologique peut etre aisement etabli par l'etude des globules rouges : c'est le cas de la galactosemie (deficit en galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase), du deficit en galactokinase, du deficit en hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase et de l'acatalasemie. L'identification des heterozygotes est egalement possible. Pour la galactosemie, un depistage systematique a la naissance est realisable par l'etude d'un echantillon de sang seche sur papier filtre. Les anomalies nutritionnelles peuvent retentir sur l'equipement enzymatique erythrocytaire et conduire a un diagnostic errone d'enzymopathie hereditaire. L'exemple le plus frappant est celui du deficit en glutathion-reductase. Cette anomalie a longtemps ete consideree comme hereditaire. En fait, bien qu'une certaine variabilite genetique essentiellement decelable par electrophorese existe, la plupart des cas decrits correspondent a un deficit acquis, que l'on peut corriger in vitro par l'addition de FAD ou in vivo par l'administration de riboflavine. De meme l'activite de la transaminase glutamo-oxalo-acetique erythrocytaire depend de l'apport quotidien en pyridoxine. L'administration d'acide nicotinique multiplie par 10 le taux du NAD dans les globules rouges. Le bleu de methylene ou la diaminodiphenyl sulfone augmentent le glutathion erythrocytaire. La teneur en 2,3 diphosphoglycerate des globules rouges depend du taux d'hemoglobine et du pH sanguin. La connaissance et la comprehension de l'effet des variations de l'environnement sur les enzymes et le metabolisme erythrocytaires permettent d'envisager le traitement de certaines maladies metaboliques hereditaires. Nous avons essaye de traiter par l'acide nicotinique deux subets atteints d'anemie hemolytique congenitale ou spherocytaire due a un deficit en G6PD. Malgre l'absence de resultats positifs, il est permis d'esperer que sous une autre forme, une telle approche therapeutique puisse s'averer plus efficace.
Tiburon: a weighted tree automata toolkit

The availability of weighted finite-state string automata toolkits made possible great advances in natural language processing. However, recent advances in syntax-based NLP model design are unsuitable for these toolkits. To combat this problem, we introduce a weighted finite-state tree automata toolkit, which incorporates recent developments in weighted tree automata theory and is useful for natural language applications such as machine translation, sentence compression, question answering, and many more.
Electoral Reform and Changes in Legislative Behavior: Adoption of the Secret Ballot in Congressional Elections

There is widespread agreement that the Australian ballot fundamentally altered the American electoral system. One common approach to test the effects of ballot reform is to examine legislators elected under the party and secret ballot. An alternative research design, which we adopt here, compares changes in the behavior of legislators who were elected under both ballot types. We use this approach to investigate whether ballot reform directly influenced legislators' decisions to seek renomination and their behavior within the institution. Our results raise a number of important implications for understanding the effects of electoral reform on political behavior.
The Term Structure with Highly Persistent Interest Rates

If yields are assumed to have an exact unit-root, it has previously been shown that the rational expectations hypothesis of the term structure (REHTS) has been rejected by single-equation tests. However, small deviations from exact unit-root produce substantial changes in the small sample distributions of those tests and the normal approximation is no longer satisfactory. We assume that the yield of 1-period zero-coupon bond follows a local-to-unity process with parameter c (c=0 for exact unit root) and use asymptotics to derive alternative distributions, which are far better approximations to finite sample distributions. Those asymptotic distributions depend crucially on c, and that allows us to analyze the impact of small deviations from unit-root on the distribution of the tests. Interestingly, for small values of c, the results obtained in the data do not imply a rejection of the REHTS. The above results are useful only when c is known or consistently estimable. Thus, the REHTS is cast into a triangular representation, where the cointegrating vectors are a function of c. Consistent and asymptotically unbiased estimators of c are proposed. A Wald test for the restrictions imposed by the REHTS on the cointegrating relationship is derived. The relevance of the asymptotic results for samples of practical sizes is investigated with Monte Carlo simulations. The methods are applied to the yield data of McCulloch and Kwon (1993). Although the REHTS is statistically rejected, the results are encouraging and suggest interesting directions for further research.
A sanctuary for mobile agents

The Sanctuary project at UCSD is building a secure infrastructure for mobile agents, and examining the fundamental security limits of such an infrastructure.
One-loop four-point amplitudes in pure and matter-coupled N <= 4 supergravity

We construct all supergravity theories that can be obtained through factorized orbifold projections of $ \mathcal{N}=8 $ supergravity, exposing their double-copy structure, and calculate their one-loop four-point scattering amplitudes. We observe a unified structure in both matter and gravity amplitudes, and demonstrate that the four-graviton amplitudes are insensitive to the precise nature of the matter couplings. We show that these amplitudes are identical for the two different realizations of $ \mathcal{N}=4 $ supergravity with two vector multiplets, and argue that this feature extends to all multiplicities and loop orders as well as to higher dimensions. We also construct a selected set of supergravities obtained through a non-factorized orbifold action. Furthermore we calculate one-loop four-point amplitudes for all pure super-Yang-Mills theories with less-than-maximal supersymmetry using the duality between color and kinematics, finding here a unified expression that holds for all four gluon amplitudes in these theories. We recover the related amplitudes of factorized $ \mathcal{N}\leq 4 $ supergravities employing the double-copy construction. We observe a requirement that the four-point loop-level amplitudes have non-local integrand representations, exhibiting a mild non-locality in the form of inverse powers of the three external Mandelstam invariants. These are the first loop-level color-kinematic-satisfying representations in reduced supersymmetry theories.
Minimal assumption distribution propagation in belief networks

As belief networks are used to model increasingly complex situations, the need to automatically construct them from large databases will become paramount. This paper concentrates on solving a part of the belief network induction problem: that of learning the quantitative structure (the conditional probabilities), given the qualitative structure. In particular, a theory is presented that shows how to propagate inference distributions in a belief network, with the only assumption being that the given qualitative structure is correct. Most inference algorithms must make at least this assumption. The theory is based on four network transformations that are sufficient for any inference in a belief network. Furthermore, the claim is made that contrary to popular belief, error will not necessarily grow as the inference chain grows. Instead, for QBN belief nets induced from large enough samples, the error is more likely to decrease as the size of the inference chain increases.
Improved approximation guarantees for sublinear-time Fourier algorithms

Abstract In this paper modified variants of the sparse Fourier transform algorithms from Iwen (2010) [32] are presented which improve on the approximation error bounds of the original algorithms. In addition, simple methods for extending the improved sparse Fourier transforms to higher dimensional settings are developed. As a consequence, approximate Fourier transforms are obtained which will identify a near-optimal k-term Fourier series for any given input function, f : [ 0 , 2 π ] D → C , in O ( k 2 ⋅ D 4 ) time (neglecting logarithmic factors). Faster randomized Fourier algorithm variants with runtime complexities that scale linearly in the sparsity parameter k are also presented.
Heavy Flavor Production

Discovery and exploration of the properties of new particles including heavy quarks is a principal goal of high energy investigations being carried out at both fixed target and collider energies. The specification of reliable cross sections for heavy quarks, including their production spectra in longitudinal and transverse momentum, and comparisons with data test the quantum chromodynamic (QCD) mechanisms by which all heavy objects are expected to be produced. Strategies in the search for new flavors such as top are predicated on best estimates of cross sections and of momentum distributions in phase space not only of the new flavor but, perhaps more importantly, of lighter flavors which contribute deceptive backgrounds. Those considering hadronic experiments to establish flavor-antiflavor mixing and possible CP violation require a detailed understanding of expected production spectra and momentum correlations.
Core Inflation and Trend Inflation

Abstract This paper examines empirically whether the measurement of trend inflation can be improved by using disaggregated data on sectoral inflation to construct indexes akin to core inflation but with a time-varying distributed lags of weights, where the sectoral weight depends on the timevarying volatility and persistence of the sectoral inflation series and on the comovement among sectors. The modeling framework is a dynamic factor model with time-varying coefficients and stochastic volatility as in Del Negro and Otrok (2008), and is estimated using U.S. data on seventeen components of the personal consumption expenditure inflation index.
Simulating biological impairment to evaluate the accuracy of ecological indicators

Summary 1 Biological indicators are used to measure the biological health of ecosystems. Resource managers may uncritically assume that such indicators give unbiased estimates of true biological condition, but this assumption is largely untested. Use of biased indicators could lead to ineffective and potentially damaging management. 2 We used a simulation model to compare estimated indicator values objectively with true impairment. We used the model to progressively alter the densities of 155 stream invertebrate taxa as functions of stress and taxon-specific sensitivities to stress. We applied the model to large samples collected from five reference-quality sites. After each stress event, we randomly collected 100, 300 and 600 fixed-count subsamples from the remaining assemblages and recorded the densities of all taxa in both the large sample and the fixed-count subsamples. We then examined how well two indicators, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and sample taxa richness, detected the simulated impairment when derived from fixed-count subsamples. 3 NMDS ordinations of artificially impaired samples, and samples from reference and impaired sites, showed that the simulated impairments were realistic. NMDS further showed that impairment trajectories were evident for subsamples of 100, 300 and 600 individuals. However, the discrimination of stress levels within ordination space greatly improved with increasing sampling effort. The ordination also showed that increasing stress could cause assemblages at some sites to resemble unstressed assemblages at other sites. 4 Taxa-richness indicators were much more problematic. Estimates of taxa richness from 100- and 300-count samples often substantially underestimated true taxa loss and frequently indicated taxa gain. Apparent gains in taxa richness occurred because stress caused changes in evenness that compensated for, or even overrode, the effect of true taxa loss. Estimates of taxa loss derived from 600-count subsamples also underestimated true taxa loss, but these estimates were strongly correlated with true taxa loss. 5 Synthesis and applications. Bioassessements that rely on richness-based indicators derived from small fixed-count subsamples may substantially underestimate true biological impairment. Simulation models provide an objective means to evaluate how well different types of biotic indicators measure true biological impairment in aquatic and other types of ecosystems.
A New Subadditive Approach to Integer Programming

The linear programming duality is well understood and the reduced cost of a column is frequently used in various algorithms. On the other hand, for integer programs it is not clear how to define a dual function even though the subadditive dual theory was developed a long time ago. In this work we propose a family of computationally tractable subadditive dual functions for integer programs. We develop a solution methodology that computes an optimal primal solution and an optimal subadditive dual function. We report computational results for set partitioning instances. To the best of our knowledge these are the first computational experiments on computing the optimal subadditive dual function.
Four Ingredients for New Approaches to Macroeconomic Modeling

This paper outlines some of the concepts and tools which, although not in the mainstream macroeconomics literature, have been effective either in providing new results, or insights to known results.
Exact Heavy To Light Meson Form Factors In The Chiral Limit Of Planar 1+1 QCD

Author(s): Grinstein, Benjamin | Abstract: The form factors of the flavor changing vector current between a $\bar q Q$-meson and the lightest $\bar q q$ (pseudoscalar-)meson are computed exactly and explicitly in the 't~Hooft model (planar QCD in $1+1$ dimensions) in the limit that the mass of $q$-quark vanishes.