cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of vanadium oxide in silica nanofiber mats via electrospinning and sol-gel synthesis

Submicron scale vanadia/silica hybrid nanofiber mats have been produced by electrospinning silica sol-gel precursor containing vanadium oxytriisopropoxide (VOTIP), followed by calcinations at high temperature. The properties of the resulting inorganic hybrid nanofiber mats are compared to those of electrospun pure silica nanofibers. SEM images show fibers are submicron in diameter and their morphology is maintained after calcination. Physisorption experiments reveal that silica nanofiber mats have a high specific surface area of 63m2/g. FT-IR spectra exhibit Si-O vibrations and indicate the presence of V2O5 in the fibers. XPS studies reveal that the ratio of Si to O is close to 0.5 on the surface of fibers and the amount of vanadium on the surface of fibers increases with calcination. XRD diffraction patterns show that silica nanofibers are amorphous and orthorhombic V2O5 crystals have formed after calcination. EFTEM images demonstrate the growth of crystals on the surface of fibers containing vanadium after calcination. SEM images of fibers with high-vanadium content (50 mol% V : Si) show that vanadia crystals are mostly aligned along the fiber axis. XPS shows an increase in vanadium contents at the surface, and XRD patterns exhibit an increase in the degree of crystallinity. A coaxial electrospinning scheme has successfully been employed to selectively place V2O5 in the skin layer.
Evaluating Health Realization for Coping Among Refugee Women

Many East African refugee women have experienced torture and trauma while fleeing from their home countries. Many also experience high rates of isolation, depression, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder after resettlement. Effective methods are needed for improving the mental well-being of this population. This pilot study (N = 19) tested the feasibility, accessibility, and acceptability of a strengths-based, community-delivered intervention with Somali and Ethiopian women refugees. Feasibility was established through recruitment, retention, participation, and participant response. Accessibility was established through providing meals, transportation, and child-care assistance. Acceptability was established through evaluating translated materials, cultural congruence, and perceived relevance. Results support testing in a full-scale controlled study.
Methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection technique is not associated with an increased detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer

Lymph node staging is of paramount importance for prognosis estimation and therapy stratification in colorectal cancer. A high number of harvested lymph nodes is associated with an improved outcome. Methylene blue-assisted lymph node dissection effectively improves the lymph node harvest and ensures sufficient staging. Now, the effect on node positivity rate and stage-related outcome was investigated. The study cohort with advanced lymph node dissection consisted of 669 colorectal cancer cases of all stages, which were collected between 2007 and 2012. A historical collection of 663 cases investigated with conventional techniques between 2002 and 2004 served as control. Lymph node harvest was dramatically improved in the study group with mean lymph node numbers of 34 ± 17 vs 13 ± 5 (P<0.001) and sufficient staging rates of 98% vs 62% (P<0.001). However, neither the rate of nodal positive cases (37% vs 37%; P = 0.98) nor the rate of N2 cases differed between the two groups (14% vs 13%; P = 0.80). Furthermore, no differences were found concerning the outcome in both groups. The advanced lymph node dissection technique guarantees adequate histopathological lymph node staging in virtually all cases of colorectal cancer and is therefore extremely helpful. The hypothesis that it also provides a higher sensitivity in detecting metastases, however, could be not proved.
Parathyroidectomy in ESRD

To the Editor: Kestenbaum et al have confirmed that parathyroidectomy rates in the United States have fallen since 1990, and, in an accompanying editorial, a plea is made for improved management of secondary hyperparathyroidism1,2. We agree completely that use of parathyroidectomy has declined in the United States, and we reported this in 20013. Similar findings were reported from Japan4.
TU‐E‐224A‐06: Frameless Radiosurgery Using Stereoscopic X‐Ray Guidance: System Characteristics and 2 Year Clinical Experience

Purpose: To evaluate targeting capabilities of a system for image guided “frameless” stereotactic irradiation. Method and Materials: System accuracy was investigated using an anthropomorphic head phantom into which a “hidden target” (radio‐opaque sphere) was inserted. The target was identified on planning CTimages and the phantom was fixed to the treatment couch. To align the target to isocenter, stereoscopic kV x‐rays were fused to planning DRRs. AP and lateral verification films were exposed using a 10 mm circular collimator, and the offset of the sphere within the radiation field was recorded. The entire process was repeated 50 times in order to achieve an accurate assessment of positioning capabilities. Retrospective data was evaluated from patients having undergone nearly 600 x‐ray guided single and multi‐fraction stereotactic irradiation procedures. From this data the following were investigated: the nature and magnitude of systematic and random positioning errors present in conventional procedures, confidence limits on the reproducibility of the mask immobilization device used for multi‐fraction treatments, and the potential for replacing rigid head fixation with image guided positioning. Results: In phantom studies, a vector displacement of σ = 0.39 mm relative to the “perfect” isocenter was observed. Based on a sample population of 50, this provides assurance of accuracy at the 95% confidence level. Improvement in positioning accuracy was observed in multi‐fraction procedures; analysis of 565 fractions showed a mean vector deviation σ = 2.65 mm relative to traditional methods. The largest component of this discrepancy was in the superior/inferior direction. In comparison, a mean vector deviation σ = 1.62 mm was observed in patients for whom rigid fixation was used. Conclusions: Stereoscopic x‐ray imaging is an accurate positioning method for cranial stereotactic irradiation. The system is as accurate as rigid frame‐based methods and can improve the reproducibility of fractionated delivery.
Low-stress physical vapor growth (PVT)

An approach to physical vapor transport is described which allows for the growth of crystals with low dislocation densities from materials with high stress-induced dislocation mobility, such as alkali halides. The technique was tested by growing KC1 and KBr crystals having dislocation densities below 104 cm-2 as compared to 107 cm-2 typical of melt pulled crystals. The effective segregation during PVT for the systems KCl: KCN, KBr: KCN and KCl: KOH was investigated.
Multi-instability plasma dynamics during the route to fully developed turbulence in a helicon plasma

We report experimental studies demonstrating a controlled transition to fully developed broadband turbulence in an argon helicon plasma in a linear plasma device. We show the detailed dynamics during the transition from nonlinearly coupled but distinct eigenmodes at low magnetic fields to fully developed broadband turbulence at larger magnetic fields. As the magnetic field (B) is increased from B ~ 40 mT, initially we observe slow smooth changes in the dynamics of the system (to B ~ 140 mT), followed by a sharp transition (within ~10 mT) to centrally peaked narrow density profiles, strong edge potential gradients and a pronounced bright, well-defined plasma core. At low magnetic fields, the plasma is dominated by drift waves. As the magnetic field is increased, a strong potential gradient at the edge introduces an E × B shear-driven instability. At the transition, another mode with signatures of a rotation-induced Rayleigh–Taylor instability appears at the central plasma region. Concurrently we also find large axial velocities in the plasma core. For larger magnetic fields, all the instabilities co-exist, leading to rich plasma dynamics and fully developed broadband turbulence at B ~ 240 mT.
Development of approaches to induce puberty in cultured female sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)

Efforts to establish sustainable and efficient aquaculture production of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) have been constrained by delayed puberty in cultured females. This study integrates a series of experiments aimed at gaining an understanding of the reproductive physiology of puberty in female sablefish. We detected transcripts for the dopamine D2 receptor (drd2) in brain, pituitary and ovary of sablefish, and prepubertal females exhibited significantly elevated brain and pituitary drd2 expression relative to wild maturing females. Treatments with sustained-release cholesterol pellets containing testosterone (T) and the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, metoclopramide (Met), stimulated expression of pituitary luteinizing hormone beta subunit (lhb) and follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (fshb), respectively, in prepubertal females, whereas a combination of T and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) had a strong synergistic effect on lhb expression (2000-fold higher than control). Although T induced a significant increase in the maximum ovarian follicle volume, none of the treatments tested stimulated onset of vitellogenesis. Using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that Met stimulated production of T by previtellogenic ovarian follicles in vitro, whereas gonadotropin preparations enhanced 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione (A4), T and 17β-estradiol (E2) production. Treatment with T increased production of A4, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, E2, 11-ketotestosterone, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Interestingly, in the presence of high doses of T the previtellogenic ovary preferentially produced A4 and DHT over any other metabolite. Our data suggest the existence of dopamine inhibition of the reproductive axis in female sablefish. Treatments with Met and T elevated gonadotropin mRNAs in prepubertal females but failed to stimulate the transition into vitellogenic growth, suggesting a possible failure in pituitary gonadotropin protein synthesis/release. Previtellogenic ovarian follicles of sablefish are equipped to synthesize steroids, including those required for vitellogenic growth, and DHT, a steroid hormone whose role in reproduction of fishes remains unknown.
Nutrient-induced intestinal adaption and its effect in obesity

Obese and lean individuals respond differently to nutrients with changes in digestion, absorption and hormone release. This may be a result of differences in intestinal epithelial morphology and function driven by the hyperphagia or the type of diet associated with obesity. It is well known that the maintenance and growth of the intestine is driven by the amount of luminal nutrients, with high nutrient content resulting in increases in cell number, villi length and crypt depth. In addition, the type of nutrient appears to contribute to alterations in the morphology and function of the epithelial cells. This intestinal adaptation may be what is driving the differences in nutrient processing in lean versus obese individuals. This review describes how nutrients may be able to induce changes in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation and function and the link between intestinal adaptation and obesity.
Development of aposymbiosis in larvae of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by dietary treatment with antibiotics

Abstract The symbiotic micro-organisms in the larval mycetomes of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) were sensitive to the dietary incorporation of chlortetracycline or penicillin. The number of bacteroids in the mycetomes of larvae fed diets containing 0·01 or 0·05% chlortetracycline was reduced after 5 days and all were completely eliminated during the 4th stadium. The mycetomes of these larvae did not develop completely, reaching a mean of 268 ± 53 μ m in width compared with a mean width of 551 ± 54 μ m in untreated larvae. Streptomycin and bacitracin were not effective in eliminating the bacteroids and along with chlortetracycline were toxic at dietary levels of 2·0 per cent.
Microvascular response in the rabbit ear to total body cooling: a model for study of human digits.

Conditions such as Raynaud's disease, cold intolerance following digit replantation, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy are all exacerbated by diminished blood flow in the digits. The rabbit ear, being similar to the human digit, is an excellent model for studying microvascular responses during thermoregulation and was used in this study of microcirculatory changes during total-body cold stress. In eight rabbits a window was placed in one ear each, and the underlying vascular beds were photographed with the unanesthetized animal at room temperature (23°C) and in a cold room (6°C). Luminal arterial diameters constricted more than venular diameters during cold stress (39.6% vs. 16.5%, respectively, of the control diameters; P = 0.014). All responses were linear; the slopes of the regression lines were significantly different between arterioles and venules (P < 0.0001). This study suggests that decreased circulation in response to cold is due to decreases in the diameter and number of vessels available for perfusion, as predicted by the Poiseuille equation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Furnace design using comprehensive combustion models

A new design methodology is presented that allows for the use of comprehensive coal combustion codes in design applications and provides a priori information on the cost of the optimization. A statistical response surface methodology is used to determine appropriate sample points from the design space at which the computation for the comprehensive code is performed. Statistical regression analysis is used to provide interpolation functions for the optimization process. The optimum design point is then checked with a final comprehensive code calculation. The technique is demonstrated with simple examples for the design of two injectors for an entrained coal gasifier and a burner for a pulverized coal combustor. The three designs demonstrate the method as well as showing significantly different optima for different configurations. The importance of specifying operating conditions independently for different injectors or burners is demonstrated.
Seedless CTAB mediated growth of anisotropic nanoparticles and nanoparticle clusters on nanostructured plasmonic templates

A seedless method for the synthesis of novel noble metal nanostructures has been developed. The method employs alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) functionalized submicron apertures or surface bound colloidal nanoparticles as a template, and it is derived from surfactant mediated anisotropic Au nanoparticle synthesis with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in solution (M. Grzelczak, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 1783). Nanoparticle nucleation and growth is found to depend on the chain length of the alkanethiol, with short chain SAMs showing little nanoparticle growth. As compared to solution phase nanoparticle synthesis/growth, the addition of Ag+ and I− shape directing ions to the growth solution have a relatively minor effect on the templated growth process. When applied to 80 nm Au nanoparticles immobilized on an ITO surface, this methodology resulted in oligomeric Au nanostructures with asymmetric geometries. To highlight the wide applicability of this approach, Ag and Pd nanoparticles were grown within submicron apertures also, and they displayed features that are distinct from those of Au. The results suggest that the interaction between CTAB and the alkanethiol monolayer template surface is key to the nanostructure growth.
Development of small molecule probes for the beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract This study describes the synthesis and in vitro testing of small molecule probes that may eventually prove useful as markers of amyloid deposition in living patients. The prototype agent, Chrysamine G (CG), i is a derivative of Congo red. CG binds synthetic beta-amyloid well in vitro, as does a fluorinated derivative. The mechanism of binding appears to be the same as Congo red—through a bidentate attachment spanning several amyloid peptide chains. CG is much more lipophilic than Congo red and crosses the blood-brain barrier in normal mice, achieving a brain/blood ratio over 10/1. There was no acute toxicity in mice at doses 10 times those used in the distribution studies. C CG appears to be a relatively high affinity probe for beta-amyloid that appears to have low toxicity and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These c characteristics are promising for development of in vivo amyloid probes similar to CG.
Consistent Small-Sample Variances for Six Gamma-Family Measures of Ordinal Association

Gamma-family measures are bivariate ordinal correlation measures that form a family because they all reduce to Goodman and Kruskal's gamma in the absence of ties (1954) . For several gamma-family indices, more than one variance estimator has been introduced. In previous research, the "consistent" variance estimator described by Cliff and colleagues produced more accurate confidence intervals (CIs) than 3 other types of variances. However, the Cliff consistent (CC) variance is available for only 4 of 10 gamma-family measures. In the present research, a CC variance is derived for the remaining 6 gamma-family measures, and CIs constructed with the CC variance are compared with CIs constructed using other available variance estimators. The CIs are evaluated and compared in simulations and illustrated with scores on the Disinhibition and Avoidance scales of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality. Computer code for calculating all 10 gamma-family measures and their CC variances (using the R program) is available on a Web site ( http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~cwoods/CCvarR.html ).
Using Pretreatment and Posttreatment Assessments To Enhance and Evaluate Existing Treatment Packages.

Pretreatment assessment data were used to enhance an existing treatment package to reduce aggression and to increase positive social interactions between a young boy and his peers. Based on the results of pretreatment assessments, additional reinforcement (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior with adult attention) and punishment (performing a nonpreferred task during time-out) components were added to an existing nonresetting differential reinforcement of other behavior (access to peers unless aggression occurred) plus time-out procedure. A posttreatment component analysis of the additional treatment components indicated that the reinforcement component facilitated positive social interactions and the punishment component suppressed aggression towards peers.
The use of high performance liquid chromatography to measure dissolved organic compounds in bivalve aquaculture systems.

Abstract Concentrations of specific free amino acids (FAA) at points in the seawater systems of two aquaculture laboratories were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The processes used to culture bivalves severely modified the FAA composition of sea water. Sand filtration removed FAA almost completely. FAA were then added back to the sea water in varying amounts depending on the algal species used as food. There were large differences in the FAA concentrations from the filtrates of the different algal species routinely used as food for oysters. As bivalves absorb FAA from sea water and use them as a nutritional supplement, the dissolved organic nutrients present in algal filtrates may be an important factor in the food quality of a given algal species. HPLC techniques can be used to understand the interaction of developing larvae with dissolved organic compounds inadvertently introduced into mariculture sytems.
Resolving the interactions between population density and air pollution emissions controls in the San Joaquin Valley, USA.

The effectiveness of emissions control programs designed to reduce concentrations of airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in California's San Joaquin Valley was studied in the year 2030 under three growth scenarios: low, medium, and high population density. Base-case inventories for each choice of population density were created using a coupled emissions modeling system that simultaneously considered interactions between land use and transportation, area source, and point source emissions. The ambient PM2.5 response to each combination of population density and emissions control was evaluated using a regional chemical transport model over a 3-week winter stagnation episode. Comparisons between scenarios were based on regional average and population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations. In the absence of any emissions control program, population-weighted concentrations of PM2.5 in the future San Joaquin Valley are lowest under growth scenarios that emphasize low population dens...
Determination of Phase Transitions in Gutta-Percha by Differential Thermal Analysis

Pure gutta-percha was heat-treated in a differential thermal analyzer. The high melting form crystallized on cooling when gutta-percha was heated to 70 C or less. Above 74 C, crystallization into the low melting form predominated. Either polymorph can be selectively crystallized by control of the heat-treatment temperature before cooling.
Enhancement of current induced by superfusion of GABA in locus coeruleus neurons by pentobarbital, but not ethanol

Abstract γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), pentobarbital and ethanol were applied by bath superfusion to rat locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in a brain slice preparation. The GABA-induced current and conductance increase was measured with single-electrode voltage clamp. Pentobarbital potentiated the GABA-induced current and conductance increase in all LC neurons tested. In contrast, ethanol did not alter the current and conductance increase induced by bath application of GABA to LC neurons.
A Queer Sort of Materialism: Recontextualizing American Theater. By David Savran. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003; pp. 225. $22.95 paper.

David Savran's recent contribution may seem at first to be simply a collection of articles in survey of his scholarship since 1990, pleasurably, as he writes in his preface, comprising “something of a buffet” (ix). But as this book's subtitle and preface helpfully indicate, there is a coherence to the buffet, in the very diversity of its topics and queer shifts in analytical perspective. Presiding over the eclectic array is Savran's first chapter, entitled “Middlebrow Anxiety,” an impressive introduction to the book's main ambition in “recontextualizing American theatre” via very concrete applications of queer, feminist, and historical materialist theorizing. Indeed, a major value in this collection is the lucid demonstration of Savran's critical success in juxtaposing different contextual frames to explore American theatre of the past fifty years.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWTH OF SARCOMA AND CARCINOMA CULTIVATED IN VITRO

1. The transplantable sarcomata of rats and mice grow very readily by the method of cultivating tissues in vitro. 2. Sarcomatous tissue grows in conformity to a type which may be regarded as characteristic for tissues of mesenchymal origin. 3. The growth of sarcoma cells in vitro consists in ameboid wandering into the surrounding plasma, karyokinetic proliferation. and evidences of active metabolism on the part of the cells. 4. Mouse carcinomata can be cultivated in vitro. The outgrowth of carcinoma cells assumes a sheet-like form, only one cell in thickness. They migrate into the plasma by ameboid movement, the advancing edge showing numerous prolongations of the cytoplasm into pseudopods. 5. Karyokinetic figures are frequently seen in growing carcinoma cells. The cells show evidences of active metabolism. 6. Both sarcoma and carcinoma cells cultivated in vitro show active phagocytosis; carmin particles placed in the plasma are taken up rapidly by the growing cells.
Influences on renal function in chronic spinal cord injured patients

Purpose: The optimal method of bladder management in the spinal cord injured population remains controversial. We determined the significance of bladder management and other factors on renal function in this population.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and upper tract imaging studies of 308 patients with a mean followup of 18.7 years since injury. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and proteinuria measurement, and by upper tract abnormalities on renal ultrasound and nuclear medicine renal scan. Independent variables evaluated for an influence on renal function included patient age, interval since injury, injury level and completeness, vesicoureteral reflux, history of diabetes mellitus and bladder management method.Results: Mean serum creatinine plus or minus standard deviation in patients on chronic Foley catheterization, clean intermittent catheterization and spontaneous voiding was 1.08 ± 0.99, 0.84 ± 0.23 and 0.97 ± 0.45 mg./dl. (...
Nevomelanocytic proliferations in association with cutaneous malignant melanoma: a multivariate analysis.

Two hundred forty-eight cases of melanoma accessioned from 1984 through 1985 were independently reviewed by a panel of dermatopathologists for the presence of nevomelanocytic proliferations in histologic contiguity with melanoma. One hundred ninety-seven cases remained in the sample for analysis after cases with insufficient histologic material and those diagnosed without primary melanoma were excluded. We found that 32.5% of melanomas (95% confidence interval, 25.9% to 39.7%) were associated with a benign or dysplastic nevus in histologic contiguity. Melanoma type and anatomic location were significant predictors of contiguous nevomelanocytic proliferations when considered alone. After adjustment, however, only melanoma type significantly predicted the presence of a contiguous nevus. Superficial spreading melanomas were approximately 11 times more likely to contain histologic evidence of a precursor nevus than was nodular melanoma (odds ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 86.6) and were almost 22 times more likely to be associated with a nevus than was lentigo maligna melanoma (odds ratio, 21.45; 95% confidence interval, 2.8 to 162.4). This evidence supports the concept of the heterogeneity of melanoma histogenesis.
A Comparative Collection for the Study of Fibres Used in Prehistoric Textiles from Eastern North America

Abstract While most studies of prehistoric native American textiles have concentrated on yarn and fabric structure, identification of the component fibres and characterization of the history of those fibres provide essential information that enhances our knowledge of past ways of life. A comparative collection of plant fibres was prepared by processing plant stems in ways thought to have been used by prehistoric Native Americans. The resulting fibres were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, infrared microspectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Some plants readily release numerous fine, strong and long fibres. Fibres removed from certain genera of plants display distinct characteristics that can be useful in identification. The presence of extraneous plant cells on incompletely processed fibres aids in identification as well. While many of the fibres contain differing proportions of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, others also possess unique absorbance bands that may prove useful in identification.
Take a Conservative Approach When Entering the China Market

Abstract Economic growth in China over the past two decades has resulted in many companies making substantial financial commitments in China, typically with a Chinese joint venture partner. Many additional companies are contemplating entering China in the same way. Serious problems and high risks argue for a more conservative market entry strategy as an alternative approach. This study presents the research results of in-depth interviews with heads of joint venture subsidiaries of major Western companies in China. Results indicate it is advisable to lower expectations of success in the China market. The time anticipated to achieve objectives should be extended, standards of quality may need to be modified, the size of entry may need to be streamlined, transferring obsolete technology remains a viable strategy, and the Western firm should maintain dominant control of the joint venture or enter without a partner. These findings reveal a more cautious entry strategy that reduces or eliminates the involvement...
Projections from the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in the squirrel monkey

Abstract The role of nucleus caudalis as a relay station in the trigeminal brain-stem nuclear complex was studied in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Evoked potentials incident to peripheral trigeminal stimulation were recorded from sites in the upper brain stem by means of stereotaxically placed macroelectrodes. A dorsolateral medullotomy at the level of the obex isolating nucleus caudalis from peripheral afferent input was then performed. Those potentials that persisted following the medullotomy were assumed to relay in the more rostral trigeminal relay nuclei while those that were abolished were thought to relay primarily through nucleus caudalis. Trigeminal projections dependent on a relay at nucleus caudalis were identified in the CM complex (centrum medianum and nucleus parafascicularis), nucleus paracentralis of intralaminar nuclei, posterior nuclear group of the thalamus, and ventromedial tegmental fasciculus of the midbrain. In contrast to similar findings in the cat, there was no significant projection from nucleus caudalis to nucleus ventralis posteromedialis in the primate. These findings further confirmed nucleus caudalis as a major relay station to regions of the midbrain and thalamus which have been considered as major contributive elements in the integration and perception of pain.
Coping with information requests in marketing exchanges: an examination of pre-post affective control and behavioral coping

This paper examines consumers’ personal information disclosure behaviors and how consumers emotionally respond to and behaviorally cope with requests for personal data. We show through two experiments that individuals’ felt emotions toward requests for information change based on the disclosure strategy chosen. We also provide evidence that individuals rely on falsification as a means of behaviorally coping with personal information requests and that falsification mediates pre-to-post disclosure control perceptions. Implications for marketers are discussed.
Pediatric cardiology and adult congenital heart disease.

One hundred nine abstracts were presented as posters or oral presentations covering a wide range of topics encompassing all aspects of congenital cardiology from fetal life to adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). One study that was presented from two groups in Toronto and Montreal described
Alkaline protease associated with the matrix protein of a virus infecting the cabbage looper.

An alkaline protease was found to be tightly associated with the matrix protein of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus infecting Trichoplusia ni . Partial purification of the protease was achieved by CaCl 2 precipitation of the matrix protein. The protease had a pH optimum of 9.5 using casein as substrate and behaved as a serine protease. It hydrolyzed N-benzoyl- l -tyrosine ethyl ester, and it was inhibited by Hg 2+ and Cu 2+ . Most of the protease was separated from the matrix protein by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5.
Fabrication of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells and Fluorescence Quenching Study Using Thiophene Based Copolymers

Photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells fabricated with a commercially available thiophene based copolymer was investigated. Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(bithiophene)], a highly soluble polythiophene, was used as a sensitizer. An open-circuit voltage of 0.64 V and a short-circuit current density of 0.36 mA/cm2 were measured. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency for the polymer was measured. Fluorescence from the other polythiophene, poly(3,3′-didodecyl quarter thiophene) was found to be quenched when blended with phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:1 wt ratio), indicating the charge transfer from the conjugated polymer to PCBM.
Laurent series expansions in density functional theory

Abstract It is shown that various energy functionals in density functional theory, including the total correlation functional Ec[ϱ], its kinetic-energy component Tc[ϱ], and its electron-electron repulsion component Vc[ϱ], can be expanded to good accuracy in Laurent series in terms of a common set of homogeneous functionals of different specific degrees in coordinate scaling: …, (1 + n), …, 2, 1, 0, −1, − 2, …, (1 - n), … From the asymptotic behavior of the Kohn-Sham effective potential, it is further argued that the local approximation to such Laurent series requires a complete truncation of the Taylor-like component of the Laurent series, and the remaining series are combinations of functionals 〈ϱκ〈 homogeneous in ϱ of degrees k = 4/3, 5/3, 2, 7/3, …, (4 + n)/3, …. Numerical results on atoms confirm the soundness of this theory. Several exact integro-differential relations are derived within the adiabatic connection formulation.
Supraglottic Stenosis Caused By Tuberculosis: A Case Report

After several months, the stent was removed and the patient was successfully decannulated. One year after removal, the patient was able to phonate and was examined in the clinic with a fiberoptic flexible laryngoscope. This examination demonstrated an adequate airway with mobile vocal folds and an appreciably patent glottic aperture. Minimal non-obstructive webbing of the supraglottic region was seen as well (Figure 6). CONCLUSION: Although tuberculosis in the larynx is considered to be a relatively rare condition, recent evidence suggests that its incidence is increasing due to its novel clinical manifestations. This case demonstrates the pitfalls of utilizing a single aggressive surgical modality for laryngeal tuberculosis and the potential for multiple invasive interventions that may be required to treat this form of laryngeal stenosis. Serial evaluation and close follow up are essential in the management of this condition, due to it recurrent nature and the tenuous anatomy its affects.
Glutaraldehyde: Role in electron microscopy

Abstract In spite of the inherent limitations of chemical fixation, glutaraldehyde is unsurpassed in its ability to preserve cell ultrastructure. This achievement is due to the introduction of irreversible intra-and intermolecular cross-links into cellular proteins by the dialdehyde. Glutaraldehyde is very effective in stabilizing surface as well as intracellular structures for conventional scanning and transmission electron microscopy and high voltage electron microscopy. Even in immunocytochemical and autoradiographical studies, glutaradehyde plays a dominant role. Furthermore, prior to freeze-substitution, freeze-drying and freeze-fracturing, specimens often are stabilized with this dialdehyde. Glutaraldehyde efficiency can be increased by adding appropriate cross-linking and rapidly penetrating reagents as well as contrast enhancing reagents to this dialdehyde. Improved preservation and staining, for example, of ionic sites, soluble inorganic phosphate, lipids, biogenic amines, actin filaments, spermatozoa and phage-infected bacteria can be accomplished by adding polyethyleneimine, lead acetate, malachite green, potassium dichromate, tannic acid, trinitro compounds and uranyl acetate, respectively, to glutaraldehyde. Other refinements include the use of low concentrations of glutaraldehyde, short durations of cross-linking, minimum radiation exposure, and low temperature electron microscopy. The usefulness of glutaraldehyde in high resolution electron microscopy is limited because chemical fixation inevitably causes chemical and structural alterations in the specimen. However, fixation with glutaraldehyde or its mixture with formaldehyde has served immeasurably the progress in the understanding of cell ultrastructure and function. Preservation of specimens with glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy is expected to continue. Therefore, attempts must continue to be made to interpret the dynamics of the living cell from the static electron micrographs.
Adult Outcomes of Pediatric Recurrent Abdominal Pain: Do They Just Grow Out of It?

Objective. To determine whether medically unexplained recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in childhood predicts abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other somatic complaints, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders in young adulthood. Methods. A sample of 28 young adults evaluated for RAP between the ages of 6 and 17 years were compared with 28 individually matched former childhood participants in a study of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. RAP caseness was established by structured retrospective chart review requiring agreement by 2 independent reviewers. Standardized assessments of abdominal pain, IBS, other somatic symptoms, psychopathology, perceived health, and history of maltreatment were performed an average of 11.1 years after the index visit. Results. Former RAP patients were significantly more likely than controls to endorse anxiety symptoms and disorders, hypochondriacal beliefs, greater perceived susceptibility to physical impairment, poorer social functioning, current treatment with psychoactive medication, and generalized anxiety in first degree relatives. There were trends suggesting associations between childhood RAP and lifetime psychiatric disorder, depression, migraine, and family history of depression, but group differences on abdominal pain, IBS, other somatic symptoms, and history of maltreatment were not statistically significant. Conclusions. There is a strong and relatively specific association between childhood RAP and anxiety in young adulthood. Affected children may be at special risk to perceive physical symptoms as threatening, and should be evaluated for psychiatric disorder on initial presentation.
Managing fish stocks under climate uncertainty

The quantitative evaluation of the management of fish stocks under uncertainty requires a formal framework. Decision theory provides that framework. Application of decision theory to fishery management requires information about both the fish stock and the state of the environment. Using Georges Bank haddock as a case study, it is possible to determine the probability of good or poor recruitment using past data and a constant environment. Understanding the state of the environment is more difficult, however, because fixed levels of recruitment, in particular, are associated with different population characteristics, which drastically reduce the sample size for any particular recruitment-environment scenario. Decision theory challenges us to improve our capability of predicting the state of nature, and it appears that this can be accomplished best by reducing the length of the causal chain, a goal now made feasible by the availability of high-resolution, high-frequency ocean models.
Towards a Systems Approach for Lignin Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa: Transcript Abundance and Specificity of the Monolignol Biosynthetic Genes

As a step toward a comprehensive description of lignin biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa, we identified from the genome sequence 95 phenylpropanoid gene models in 10 protein families encoding enzymes for monolignol biosynthesis. Transcript abundance was determined for all 95 genes in xylem, leaf, shoot and phloem using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We identified 23 genes that most probably encode monolignol biosynthesis enzymes during wood formation. Transcripts for 18 of the 23 are abundant and specific to differentiating xylem. We found evidence suggesting functional redundancy at the transcript level for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) and coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase (CAld5H). We carried out an enumeration-based motif identification and discriminant analysis on the promoters of all 95 genes. Five core motifs correctly discriminate the 18 xylem-specific genes from the 77 non-xylem genes. These motifs are similar to promoter elements known to regulate phenylpropanoid gene expression. This work suggests that genes in monolignol biosynthesis are regulated by multiple motifs, often related in sequence.
Constructive pattern generation heuristic for meeting sso limits

This paper discusses a heuristic for generating a minimal number of true/complement patterns while still meeting simultaneous switching requirements. The algorithm presented herein generates the patterns by construction, as opposed to selecting the patterns from a larger superset of possible patterns. This potentially offers advantages in time and memory, since no information about the superset needs to be stored or analyzed. In addition, the algorithm appears to produce good results, which in this case means small pattern sets while maintaining the same high level of fault coverage offered by other methods.
Applying Wavelet De-noising to Improve TCP Throughput in AQM queues with Existence of Unresponsive Traffic

In the current Internet, congestion control is performed jointly by the end systems running the TCP protocol and by routers running active queue management (AQM) algorithms. Due to the TCP protocol's AIMD congestion control algorithm and its round trip time delay to react to packet losses, it is very hard to maintain high TCP throughput with a low packet loss rate in routers. In addition, unresponsive traffic, such as short HTTP sessions, do not react to AQM packet loss/marks. Hence, these unresponsive traffic may cause high packet loss in the AQM queues due to its high bursts. In this paper, we provide a solution to identify unresponsive traffic in AQM queues that does not need packet header examination. In our solution, periodic features of TCP traffic due to its AIMD behavior is first estimated in the mixed incoming traffic. We then design a wavelet de-noising filter to separate the high bursts in unresponsive traffic from the TCP traffic and allow those bursts to bypass the AQM queue. By allowing bursts of unresponsive traffic to bypass AQM queues, we not only avoid the impact of unresponsive traffic to AQM queues, but also avoid dropping extra packets in those unresponsive flows. Our proposed de-noising scheme is suitable for high speed networks, where per packet header examination is expensive. Our simulations show that the proposed de-noising scheme is effective on heavily congested links. An analysis of the computational complexity of the proposed scheme is also provided.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A New Modality for Cancer Imaging

Although surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has traditionally been used as an in vitro analytic tool, in the past few years the first reports of the feasibility of in vivo imaging of cancer with biocompatible SERS probes have emerged. SERS imaging has great potential in the field of medical imaging because it offers several major advantages over other molecular imaging methods. Medical imaging using SERS nanoprobes can yield higher sensitivity and higher signal specificity than other imaging modalities, while also offering multiplexing capabilities that allow for unique applications. This article reviews the principles of SERS and highlights recent advances for in vivo cancer imaging. To present the abilities of this method as accurately as possible, the discussion is limited to studies in which the imaging data were confirmed by histological correlation.
Chiral selection in the formation of borates from racemic binaphthols and related diols

A series of racemic or stereochemically labile chiral borate anions based on the 2,2′-biphenol motif was investigated. All borates were homochiral in the solid state, although in some cases the heterochiral diastereomers were computed to be thermodynamically preferred (DFT). The crystallographic preference for the homochiral diastereomer was attributed to its lower bulk, higher molecular symmetry, and the therewith associated better packing ability.
Pediatric Teledermatology: A Survey of Usage, Perspectives, and Practice

Pediatric dermatology is one of the smallest subspecialties, and expanding the availability of care is of great interest. Teledermatology has been proposed as a way to expand access and improve care delivery, but no current assessment of pediatric teledermatology exists. The objective of the current study was to assess usage and perspectives on pediatric teledermatology. Surveys were distributed electronically to all 226 board-certified U.S. pediatric dermatologists; 44% (100/226) responded. Nearly all respondents (89%) have experience with teledermatology. Formal teledermatology reimbursement success rates have increased to 35%. Respondents were positive about teledermatology's present and future prospects, and 41% want to use teledermatology more often, although they viewed teledermatology as somewhat inferior to in-person care regarding accuracy of diagnosis and appropriation of management plans. Significant differences were found between formal teledermatology users and nonusers in salary structure, practice environment, sex, and region. Substantial increases in pediatric teledermatology have occurred in the last 5 to 10 years, and there remains cause for optimism for teledermatology's future. Concerns about diagnostic confidence and care quality indicate that teledermatology may be best for care of patients with characteristic clinical presentations or management of patients with established diagnoses.
Emission of neutrino-pairs from a stellar plasma

The emission of neutrino-pairs by a stellar plasma is calculated. Our expressions for longitudinal and transverse emissivities differ from the corresponding expressions of Adams, Ruderman and Woo by factors of 3/8 and 1/4, respectively.