cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Previous Ration on Lactation Response to Substituting Corn for Alfalfa According to Net Energy and Total Digestible Nutrient Systems of Estimation

Summary The lactation response to the substitution of 10lb. alfalfa with 7.0 or 5.7lb. corn based, respectively, on the TDN or NE system was studied, in a double-reversal trial, with 24 cows previously fed equivalent therms NE per unit of live weight from either of two basal rations: 100% alfalfa or 80% alfalfa plus 20% corn. Basing the substitution on the TDN system resulted in greater energy intake than the NE system, 0.99 therm and 0.94lb. TDN. Across both basal rations, the TDN basis of substitution resulted in significant increases in average daily milk production, 0.89lb. milk, 0.025lb. fat, and 0.73lb. FCM, and a 0.10 decrease in the fat percentage, over the NE basis. Assessing the advantage of the TDN basis of substitution for each basal ration fed, the cows previously fed the 80% alfalfa plus 20% corn basal ration failed to respond; whereas, those previously fed the 100% alfalfa basal showed the following significant advantages: milk 1.56lb., fat 0.051lb., and FCM 1.39lb. When 10lb. alfalfa were replaced with equivalent NE from corn, milk production increased 1.55lb. and FCM 0.94lb. for the 100% alfalfa basal. No significant changes for the 80% alfalfa plus 20% corn basal were observed and across both basal rations, a slight increase in pounds of milk.
To code or not to code: Revisited

We revisit the dilemma of whether one should or should not code when operating under delay constraints. In those curious cases when the source and the channel are probabilistically matched so that symbol-by-symbol coding is optimal in terms of the average distortion achieved, we show that it also achieves the dispersion of joint source-channel coding. Moreover, even in the absence of such probabilistic matching between the source and the channel, symbol-by-symbol transmission, though asymptotically suboptimal, might outperform not only separate source-channel coding but also the best known random-coding joint source-channel coding achievability bound in the finite blocklength regime.
An Introduction to the Wechsler Intelligence Tests Revisiting Theory and Practice

This special issue focuses on two lead articles examining the factor structure of the fourth editions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2003) and the Wechsler Intelligen...
Focused Foster Care for Children with Serious Sexual Behavior Problems

Properly implemented, foster family care may represent a uniquely appropriate placement/treatment alternative for young children with pronounced or dangerous sexual behavior problems. A few programs have reported preliminary but promising results with such children in fostering environments specifically designed to address their special problems. This study details the salient components of one such program that has proven successful over the past six years with most of thirty youthful clients referred to it facing few alternative placement options. Rankings by program staff and program parents of the relative importance of ten program components to client success are reported, and updates on previously published outcomes with the first six clients to enter the program are offered. Subjective but important “lessons learned” by staff and parents about working with this difficult population in the fostering environment are also discussed.
Optimum Age Replacement in the Bivariate Exponential Case

An age replacement policy is considered for pairs of units which operate in parallel and which have lifetimes displaying a bivariate exponential distribution. Both units are to be replaced at the same time. The limiting expected cost per unit time is the optimization criterion. The results state that no replacements should be made until at least one of the units in the pair fails. Both units shoould then be replaced either when one fails or when both fail, depending on which procedure involves the smaller limiting expected cost per unit time.
FCM: The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm

Abstract This paper transmits a FORTRAN-IV coding of the fuzzy c -means (FCM) clustering program. The FCM program is applicable to a wide variety of geostatistical data analysis problems. This program generates fuzzy partitions and prototypes for any set of numerical data. These partitions are useful for corroborating known substructures or suggesting substructure in unexplored data. The clustering criterion used to aggregate subsets is a generalized least-squares objective function. Features of this program include a choice of three norms (Euclidean, Diagonal, or Mahalonobis), an adjustable weighting factor that essentially controls sensitivity to noise, acceptance of variable numbers of clusters, and outputs that include several measures of cluster validity.
Unexpected Retinal Damage below the ANSI Standard

Using a fluorescence-equipped adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope, we have discovered retinal changes in the in vivo macaque retina resulting from exposure to visible light at levels below the ANSI maximum permissible exposure.
Compensational regulation of bHLH transcription factors in the postnatal development of BETA2/NeuroD1-null retina

The bHLH transcriptional factor BETA2/NeuroD1 is essential for the survival of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Although this gene is expressed throughout the retina, BETA2/NeuroD1 knockout mice show photoreceptor cell degeneration only in the outer nuclear layer of the retina; other retinal neurons are not affected. Previous studies on retina explants lacking three bHLH genes revealed that retinal neurons in the inner nuclear layer require multiple bHLH genes for their differentiation and survival. However, single- or double-gene mutations show no or a lesser degree of abnormalities during eye development, likely because of compensation or cooperative regulation among those genes. Because not all null mice survive until the retina is fully organized, no direct evidence of this concept has been reported. To understand the regulatory mechanisms between bHLH factors in retinal development, we performed a detailed analysis of BETA2/NeuroD1 knockout mice. BETA2/NeuroD1 was expressed in all 3 layers of the mouse retina, including all major types of neurons. In addition, a null mutation of BETA2/NeuroD1 resulted in up-regulation of other bHLH genes, Mash1, Neurogenin2, and Math3, in the inner nuclear layer. Our data suggest that compensatory and cross regulatory mechanisms exist among the bHLH factors during retinal development.
Nurse case management improves blood pressure, emotional distress and diabetes complication screening

We studied the impact of nurse case management (NCM) on blood pressure (BP), hemoglobin A1C, lipids, and diabetes complication screening. A 1-year randomized-controlled trial was conducted in two primary care clinics of the Penn State Hershey Medical Center. Diabetes patients were randomized to control group (CG) (n=182) who received usual care by their primary care provider and intervention group (IG) (n=150) who received additional NCM care, including self-management education, and implementation of diabetes guidelines. Primary outcomes included BP, A1C, lipid, process measures, and secondary outcome was diabetes-related emotional distress as assessed by Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID). BP significantly decreased from 137/77 to 129/72 in IG as compared to an increase from 136/77 to 138/79 in CG after 1 year. PAID scores improved significantly in IG (from 23 to 10) due to reduced emotional stress. A1C (7.4) and LDL (105) were unaffected. Complications screening significantly improved in IG compared to CG: opthalmologic exam 26 to 68%, foot exam 47 to 64%, and nephropathy screening 34 to 72%. NCM improved BP, diabetes-related emotional distress, and process measures in primary care. Unchanged A1C and lipids might be due to a threshold effect. Intervention based upon initial risk assessment may prove more cost-effective.
Efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation

Background Preoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a risk factor for poor outcome and currently considered a contraindication to lung transplantation. The lung allocation score system was introduced in May 2005 and prioritizes lung allocation to those with the greatest respiratory impairment. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ECMO as a bridge to lung transplantation is an acceptable option to support those in respiratory failure until donor lungs become available in the lung allocation score era. Method A retrospective review of 715 consecutive lung transplants performed between May 2005 and September 2011 was conducted using a prospectively collected institutional registry database. Twenty-four lung transplants (3.4%) were performed in the 31 patients with attempted pretransplant ECMO; 7 patients who received ECMO patients did not survive or were deemed unfit for transplantation. These patients were compared with a control group of 691 patients who did not receive pretransplant ECMO. Results The duration of pretransplant ECMO was 171 ± 242 hours (median, 91 hours). Venovenous ECMO was used for respiratory failure in 15 patients, whereas venoarterial ECMO was used for circulatory collapse due to pulmonary hypertension in 9 patients. Patients in the retransplant ECMO group were younger (46 ± 15 years vs 57 ± 14 years, P P P = .09), redo lung transplant (3, 13% vs 28, 4%, P = .08), and bronchiectasis (2, 8% vs 6, 1%, P = .03) were more common in the pretransplant ECMO group. Patients in the pretransplant ECMO group had a significantly higher lung allocation score (87 ± 9 vs 44 ± 15, P P = .02), with no difference in ischemic time (343 ± 93 minutes vs 330 ± 98 minutes, P = .54). Cadaveric lobar lung transplants were performed because of the urgency to overcome size mismatch with an oversized donor more frequently in 25% (n = 6, no mortality with the longest follow-up at 6 years) of patients in the pretransplant ECMO group versus 0.3% (n = 2) of patients in the control group ( P P P = .16). The actuarial survivals after lung transplants at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were 96%, 88%, 83%, 74%, and 74%, respectively, in the pretransplant ECMO group, and 97%, 94%, 90%, 83%, and 74%, respectively, in the control group ( P = .787). Conclusions Although the incidence of primary graft dysfunction requiring post-transplant ECMO is higher and the hospital stay is longer in patients receiving pretransplant ECMO, the graft survival is good (2-year survival, 74%). ECMO is efficacious as a bridge to lung transplantation with good post-lung transplant outcomes.
Validation of administrative data used for the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal events following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescription.

Summary Aims To validate veterans affairs (VA) administrative data for the diagnosis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related upper gastrointestinal events (UGIE) and to develop a diagnostic algorithm. Methods A retrospective study of veterans prescribed an NSAID as identified from the national pharmacy database merged with in-patient and out-patient data, followed by primary chart abstraction. Contingency tables were constructed to allow comparison with a random sample of patients prescribed an NSAID, but without UGIE. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to derive a predictive algorithm. Once derived, the algorithm was validated in a separate cohort of veterans. Results Of 906 patients, 606 had a diagnostic code for UGIE; 300 were a random subsample of 11 744 patients (control). Only 161 had a confirmed UGIE. The positive predictive value (PPV) of diagnostic codes was poor, but improved from 27% to 51% with the addition of endoscopic procedural codes. The strongest predictors of UGIE were an in-patient ICD-9 code for gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and haemorrhage combined with upper endoscopy. This algorithm had a PPV of 73% when limited to patients ≥65 years (c-statistic 0.79). Validation of the algorithm revealed a PPV of 80% among patients with an overlapping NSAID prescription. Conclusions NSAID-related UGIE can be assessed using VA administrative data. The optimal algorithm includes an in-patient ICD-9 code for gastric or duodenal ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding combined with a procedural code for upper endoscopy.
Location of regional facilities

In this paper we consider the single-facility and multifacility problems of the minisum type of locating facilities on the plane. Both demand locations and the facilities to be located are assumed to have circular shapes, and demand and service is assumed to have a uniform probability density inside each shape. The expected distance between two facilities is calculated. Euclidean and squared-Euclidean distances are discussed.
Site-directed mutagenesis of human soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase 1 (hSCAN-1): identification of residues essential for enzyme activity and the Ca(2+)-induced conformational change.

Human soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase 1 (hSCAN-1) is the human homologue of soluble apyrases found in blood-sucking insects. This family of nucleotidases is unrelated in sequence to more well-studied nucleotidases,and very little is known about the enzymatic mechanism. By multiple sequence alignment, eight regions that are highly conserved in the hSCAN- 1 family were identified and named. To identify amino acids important for catalytic activity and enzyme specificity, seven point mutations were constructed, expressed in bacteria, refolded, purified, and characterized. Substitution of glutamic acid 130 with tyrosine resulted in dramatically increased nucleotidase activities, while mutagenesis of aspartic acid 151 to alanine and aspartic acid 84 to alanine completely abolished activity. Mutagenesis of arginine 133 and arginine 271 resulted in enzymes with very little nucleotidase activity. Mutagenesis of aspartic acid 175 to alanine and glycine 122 to glutamic acid had smaller negative effects on enzyme activities. Previously, our laboratory showed that calcium triggers a conformational change in hSCAN-1 necessary for nucleotidase activity. Here we show that several mutants (D84A, R133A, and D151A) that lost most of their activity were unable to undergo the conformational change induced by Ca 2 + , as shown by Cibacron blue binding, limited proteolysis, and tryptophan fluorescence. We conclude that aspartic acid residues 84 and 151, as well as arginine residue 133, are essential for the Ca 2 + -induced conformational change that is necessary for enzyme activity. Aspartic acid 175 and glutamic acid 130 are important for determining substrate specificity. In addition, we show that Sr 2 + , unlike Mg 2 + and other divalent cations, can substitute for Ca 2 + to induce the conformational change necessary for enzyme activity. However, Sr 2 + cannot substitute for Ca 2 + to support nucleotide hydrolysis, presumably because Sr 2 + cannot substitute for Ca 2 + in its second role as a nucleotide cosubstrate. The ramifications of our results on the interpretation of a recently published crystal structure are discussed. This information will facilitate future engineering of this enzyme designed to enhance its ability to hydrolyze ADP and thus increase its potential for therapeutic use in the treatment of pathological ischemic events triggered via activation of platelets by ADP.
Assessing Student Learning in Academic Advising Using Social Cognitive Theory.

We investigated whether the social cognitive theory constructs of self-efficacy and self-regulated learning apply to academic advising for measuring student learning outcomes. Community college stu...
Circulatory values and hemolysis during pentobarbital Dial-urethane anesthesia in dogs premedicated with morphine.

Abstract A number of control hemodynamic values are presented which have been obtained in a large series of dogs anesthetized with a mixture of Dial-urethane and Veterinary pentobarbital sodium given intravenously following premedication with morphine. In addition, moderate to marked hemolysis in all venous blood samples has been a consistent finding. Mechanical factors do not appear to be responsible and hemolysis apparently results from the use of this often employed special anesthetic mixture.
Microstructural Characterization of Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-Templated Silica Films with Cubic-Ordered Spherical Mesopores

We report the synthesis and characterization of mesostructured thin silica films derived from methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and/or tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) silica precursors and polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymers via the solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process. It is found that the meso- and microstructure of the calcined films consists of cubic-ordered arrays of spherical mesopores of 5−7 nm in diameter, interconnected with a small number (≤4% by volume) of PEO-induced micropores of ∼1 nm in diameter, as determined by new experimental results of transmission electron microscopy, N2 sorption, gas permeation, and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering studies. The present comprehensive study of these novel closed-pore films should provide a general methodology for microstructural characterization of other related porous films prepared by similar self-assembly processes.
Determination of the effective conductivity of heterogeneous media by Brownian motion simulation

A new Brownian motion simulation technique developed by Torquato and Kim [Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 1847 (1989)] is applied and further developed to compute ‘‘exactly’’ the effective conductivity σe of n‐phase heterogeneous media having phase conductivities σ1, σ2, ..., σn and volume fractions φ1, φ2, ..., φn. The appropriate first passage time equations are derived for the first time to treat d‐dimensional media (d=1, 2, or 3) having arbitrary microgeometries. For purposes of illustration, the simulation procedure is employed to compute the transverse effective conductivity σe of a two‐phase composite composed of a random distribution of infinitely long, oriented, hard cylinders of conductivity σ2 in a matrix of conductivity σ1 for virtually all volume fractions and for several values of the conductivity ratio α=σ2/σ1, including perfectly conducting cylinders (α=∞). The method is shown to yield σe accurately with a comparatively fast execution time.
Review of the cost-effectiveness of EPA's offshore oil and gas effluent guidelines

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published proposed Effluent Limitation Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Offshore Subcategory of the Oil and Gas Extraction Point Source Category on March 13, 1991 (56 FR 10664). These guidelines include limitations for Best Practicable Technology (BPT), Best Conventional Technology (BCT), Best Available Technology (BAT), and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for produced water, drilling fluids, drill cuttings, well treatment fluids, deck drainage, produced sand, and sanitary and domestic waste.
Agro-Food Studies in the ‘Age of Ecology’: Nature, Corporeality, Bio-Politics

The theoretical purview and contemporary political relevance of agro-food studies are restricted by their unexamined methodological foundations in modernist ontology. The nature-society dualism at the core of this ontology places agro-food studies, and their ‘parent’ disciplines in the orthodox social sciences, outside the broad intellectual project that is advancing the greening of social theory, and militates against effective engagement with the bio-politics of environmental organizations and Green movements. The disabling consequences of the erasure of nature in agro-food studies are explored by analyzing several recent theoretical perspectives: the consumption ‘turn’ in the work of Fine, Marsden and their respective colleagues, and Wageningen actor-oriented rural sociology. The merits of actor-network theory in resolving these ontological limitations are then considered using brief case-studies of food scares, agri-biotechnologies, and the recent proposals to regulate organic agriculture in the United States.
How to reason defeasibly

Pollock, J.L., How to reason defeasibly, Artificial Intelligence 57 (1992) 1-42. This paper describes the construction of a general-purpose defeasible reasoner that is complete for first-order logic and provably adequate for the argument-based conception of defeasible reasoning that I have developed elsewhere. Because the set of warranted conclusions for a defeasible reasoner will not generally be recursively enumerable, a defeasible reasoner based upon a rich logic like the predicate calculus cannot function like a traditional theorem prover and simply enumerate the warranted conclusions. An alternative criterion of adequacy called i.d.e.-adequacy is formulated. This criterion takes seriously the idea that defeasible reasoning may involve indefinitely many cycles of retracting and reinstating conclusions. It is shown how to construct a reasoner that, subject to certain realistic assumptions, is provably i.d.e.-adequate. The most recent version of OSCAR implements this system, and examples are given of OSCAR's operation.
A novel magnetic field probing technique for determining state of health of sealed lead-acid batteries

Abstract State of Health (SOH) is a critical index for a Sealed Lead-Acid (SLA) battery diagnostic which provides the information about battery replacement and aging effects. SOH is a complex function of chemical parameters of a battery such as stratification in electrolyte, electrode structure (sulfation and hard sulfation) in addition to electrical parameters of a battery. This paper describes a method of online determination of stratification, electrode structure, electrode polarization and current profile within the battery under the influence of a magnetic field. An AC magnetic field is used as a noninvasive tool during battery cycles. An induced emf in a secondary coil (SCV) is used as a measure of change in the magnetic field. The H + proton density varies with change in sulfuric acid (electrolyte) concentration during battery cycles. The magnetic flux lines are affected by the density of H + protons whose magnetic dipole moments try to align along the magnetic flux lines. The stratification is seen by a 12% decrease in magnetic flux linking from the top to the bottom of the electrolyte in a battery. Additional experimental results demonstrate the variation in magnetic flux linking which correlates with current profile across the electrode and electrode structure.
Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Mesoblends: Preparation and Characterization

Miscible block copolymer/homopolymer blends are typically prepared from homogeneous solutions in a nonselective solvent. During solvent removal and subsequent annealing, the molecular species comprising such blends organize in such fashion as to lower the system free energy and ideally attain thermodynamic equilibrium. In this work, we investigate nonequilibrium triblock copolymer/homopolymer (ABA/hB) blends generated by diffusing hB molecules from a hB-selective solvent into a lamellar ABA copolymer. Since the copolymer is already microphase-ordered during homopolymer incorporation, we refer to such blends as mesoblends. The mass uptake of hB is found to be strongly dependent on homopolymer molecular weight (MhB), with the maximum solubility scaling as MhB-1. An induction period that scales as MhB1/2 is also observed. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the morphology of these mesoblends appears to be perforated lamellar, which, in some cases, transforms to cylindrical upon annealing. Dynamic m...
The Emergence of Two-Dimensional Science in the Information Society

It has increasingly been recognized that a number of countries, primarily the United States and other countries in the West, are at some unique historical crossroad of great significance. This crossroad is usually described as a transition from an industrial into postindustrial phase of society. It is compared in its significance with the previous major societal transition—the change from the pre-industrial into industrial society. Although the transition into the industrial society occurred in most Western countries in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most of the world today is still characterized by the pre-industrial society.
Receptor component protein (RCP): a member of a multi-protein complex required for G-protein-coupled signal transduction.

The calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor component protein (RCP) is a 148-amino-acid intracellular protein that is required for G-protein-coupled signal transduction at receptors for the neuropeptide CGRP. RCP works in conjunction with two other proteins to constitute a functional CGRP receptor: calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor-activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1).CRLR has the stereotypical seven-transmembrane topology of a G-protein-coupled receptor; it requires RAMP1 for trafficking to the cell surface and for ligand specificity, and requires RCP for coupling to the cellular signal transduction pathway. We have made cell lines that expressed an antisense construct of RCP and determined that CGRP-mediated signal transduction was reduced, while CGRP binding was unaffected. Furthermore, signalling at two other endogenous G-protein-coupled receptors was unaffected, suggesting that RCP was specific for a limited subset of receptors.
Teaching “Global Mental Health:” Psychiatry Residency Directors’ Attitudes and Practices Regarding International Opportunities for Psychiatry Residents

Objective The authors surveyed Psychiatry Residency Training Directors’ (RTDs’) attitudes about the role and feasibility of international rotations during residency training.
Competitive and allelopathic effects of garlic mustard ( Alliaria petiolata ) on American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius )

The purpose of this study was to test competitive and allelopathic effects of invasive garlic mustard on American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) seedlings under natural conditions. For comparative purposes, we also examined the potential effects of the native striped violet (Viola striata). In order to partition effects of resource competition and chemical suppression via allelopathy, field soils were amended with activated carbon or left unamended. Activated carbon positively affected ginseng growth as well as biomass of competitors. Ginseng mortality tended to increase with garlic mustard presence, though activated carbon alleviated this response. Garlic mustard had no significant effect on ginseng seedling growth, while striped violet suppressed shoot length in the absence of activated carbon. Our results showed a surprising effect of activated carbon on plant growth, a potential allelopathic effect of the native striped violet and suggest that newly invaded ginseng populations with low densities of garlic mustard may be able to withstand its effects. However, recruitment within invaded populations may decline.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of primary omental origin in an infant

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring in an infant is presented. The primary location of the tumor was in the omentum. Sonography showed huge, lobulated echogenic masses with cystic areas. CT demonstrated heterogeneously enhancing masses with central cystic and necrotic areas. This very unusual occurrence of a tumor in infancy with an intraabdominal location is described and the radiographic imaging is presented.
Internet versus traditional retailing: An address model approach

Abstract Using a duopoly address model, this paper examines the effect of product characteristics on firm profitability in traditional and e-commerce settings. When accurate information can be gathered digitally, adequate differentiation will insure online profitability equal to that of traditional retailers. However, when product characteristics require an in-person inspection, the method and cost of search within a traditional retail format will differ from those associated with the internet. The subsequent advantage of one format over the other will depend on the degree of differentiation between the firm's products as well as the feasibility of search.
A High Speed Reduced Pin Count JTAG Interface

This paper describes a high speed reduced pin count JTAG interface between a JTAG controller and target IC. Being able to access JTAG using only one or two pins allows JTAG to be designed into ICs that in the past have been resistant to JTAG, such as JEDEC standard package memories, microcontrollers, and mixed signal devices.
New combination vaccines.

The number of recommended vaccines that require injections has increased substantially over the last 13 years. The schedule for active immunization of healthy infants and children in 1986 involved a single vaccine injection at each of the scheduled visits according to the American Academy of Pediatrics' Red Book . The 1999 recommended schedule involves three or four injections at most visits such that by age 6 years, 12 unique antigens are administered with 16 injections (Table 1). 6 Combination vaccines offer the following benefits: Benefit to patients and parents Decreased number of injections Decreased number of visits Tangible public health benefits Decreased cost of administration Increased compliance Ease of storage Improved record keeping and tracking The demand for new combination vaccines is increasing. Given the option of multiple injections or multiple office visits, however, parents prefer multiple injections, as shown in Table 2. 110,178
VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET SINGLE-PHOTON AND ULTRAVIOLET NONRESONANT TWO-PHOTON PULSED FIELD IONIZATION PHOTOELECTRON STUDY OF CH3SCH3

Abstract The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single-photon and ultraviolet nonresonant two-photon (N2P) pulsed field ionization photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectra for CH3SCH3 have been obtained in the energy range of 69 500–72 500 cm−1. Vibrational structures observed in the VUV-PFI-PE and N2P-PFI-PE spectra are similar. Guided by the ab initio theoretical harmonic frequencies, we have assigned the vibrational bands resolved in these spectra. Using a semiempirical simulation scheme, together with ab initio theoretical rotational constants for CH3SCH3 and CH3SCH3+, we have also obtained a good fit to the contours of rotational branches resolved in the origin band of the VUV-PFI-PE spectrum. Taking into account the uncertainty of the simulation model used, we obtain a value of 70 097.3 ± 2.0 cm−1 (8.69096 ± 0.00016 eV) for the adiabatic ionization energy of CH3SCH3.
A Communicative Approach to Foreign Language Instruction: The UMBC Project

The structure of university language courses at the elementary level tends to be governed by the chapters of textbooks which, in turn, have been determined by the presentation of grammar items. The authors have developed a thematic, communication-oriented approach to the first-year sequence in French and Spanish, under a larger developmental NEH grant for the restructuring of the elementary and intermediate curriculum in French, German, and Spanish. This article discusses the design of the syllabus and the materials and teaching techniques that were employed.
Pulsatile Efficiency and Pediatric Venous Assist Options in Failing Fontan Patients

Single ventricle (SV) anomalies are the fifth most common heart defect (2000 patients per year) and the leading cause of death from all structural birth defects. Total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) is the last stage of the palliative surgical reconstruction i.e. Fontan procedure for the infants with SV. A large number of children continue to benefit from the Fontan operation. However, despite many refinements of the surgical procedure in the past 20 years, a relatively high proportion of patients demonstrate a gradual decline in functional capacity and premature death. Most of these failing Fontan patients require heart transplantation [1]. However, donor shortage and the high-risk nature of transplantation for these complex and often very ill patients demand alternative therapeutic options.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Iatrogenic renal vascular injury

Abstract Bilateral arteriovenous fistulas secondary to percutaneous needle biopsy of each kidney dcrcloped in a patient with malignant hypertension and chronic renal failure. The fistulas with aneurysmal formation and hematuria were of such magnitude that bilateral nephrectomy was required fin control. The patient is now normotensive and is maintained on hemodialysis The advisability of renal needle biopsy in uncontrolled hypertension is questioned. Cases o] intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas resulting from percutaneous needle biopsy of the kidney are being reported with increasing frequency. The exact incidence of fistula formation after kidney biopsy, is unknoun but several series based on arteriographic studies show an incidence as high as IN per cent. A1though many of these fistulas disappear spontaneonsly, approximately 4 per cent persist. A review of the literature failed to reveal the incidence of aneurysmal formation. Our case was complicated by formation of bilateral renal arteriovenous fistulas secondary to repeat bilateral percutaneous needle biopsy and right open renal biopsy. Subsequent gross hematuria from the ureteral orifice also resulted which was proved by cystoscopy and required replacement with sev eral units of blood. The likelihood of rupture led to bilateral nephrectomy.
Bias of morphine generalization to cyclazocine by drug history.

Pigeons trained to discriminate morphine from saline under a color tracking procedure received cumulative doses of cyclazocine after various regimens of daily morphine or saline administration. Cyclazocine generalization curves were obtained after zero, one, two, or six completely drug-free days. In four or five animals, cyclazocine produced more response generalization to morphine after six drug free days than after no drug free days. In two animals the cyclazocine dose-effect generalization curves were generally shifted to the left with increased time from last drug exposure. Morphine response generalization to cyclazocine was also related to the degree of stimulus control evident in the non-drug (saline) condition during early portions of the subjects' experimental histories. The less stimulus control evident in the non-drug (saline) condition (i.e., the more morphine-appropriate responses made after saline injections and the greater variability of such responding), the more likely it was to obtain morphine-appropriate responding after cyclazocine administration.
Capillary gas chromatographic trace analysis of volatile polar organics using a photoionization detector

Possibilite d'utiliser cette methode pour des solutes a la concentration du p.p.m dans le methanol, avec une colonne capillaire de silice a phase Carbowax
Children's attributions for peers' positive behaviors: social status differences.

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between aggressive-rejected and nonaggressive-cooperative boys in their attributions for peers'positive behaviors. In individual interviews, 27 aggressive-rejected and 27 nonaggressive-accepted boys were presented with 10 vignettes and a real-life situation in which a peer's action resulted in a favorable outcome for another peer or for the subject. Subjects' attributions for the peer's behavior were elicited with open-ended probes. Analysis of variance indicated that the groups did not differ in their tendency to infer positive intentions in the hypothetical story condition. In the real-life situation, aggressive-rejected boys were less likely to infer positive intentionality than were the nonaggressive-accepted boys. Boys' responses across the two conditions (hypothetical and real life) were moderately consistent.
Using statistical design of experiments for analyzing mobile ad hoc networks

The performance of mobile ad hoc networks can be influenced by numerous factors, including protocol design at every layer; parameter settings such as retransmission limits and timers; system factors such as network size and traffic load; as well as environmental factors such as channel fading. In this work, we are concerned with understanding the functional relationship between these influential factors and performance of mobile ad hoc networking systems. We show how a systematic statistical design of experiments (DOE) strategy can be used to analyze network system and protocol performance, leading to more objective conclusions valid over a wide range of network conditions and environments. Using a DOE strategy and a 2k factorial design, we quantify the main and interactive effects of five factors (i.e., network density, node mobility, traffic load, network size, and medium access control scheme) on two response metrics (i.e., packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay). Using these effects measures, we then develop two first-order linear regression models that define the functional relationship between the influential factors and two performance metrics.
An improved cryo-jet freezing method.

SUMMARY A new cryo-jet freezing apparatus is described that is easy to use and gives good results using a propane-butene mixture (3: 1). Our use of the freezer in the study of mouse spinal cord explant cultures is discussed. At the tissue surface, the quality of tissue preservation from freezing, followed by freeze substitution, rivals that of conventional electron microscopic methods. Certain intracellular structures are better visualized using our methods. There is no evidence of the tissue being distorted by the cryogen jet when the freezer is operated correctly. A new freeze substitution device is also discussed.
An Analysis of Lower-Level Managerial Decision Making in an Industrial Firm

Abstract Research was conducted on the characteristics of and decision time distribution among five general types of recurrent decision problems (task, people, money, information, and other) encountered by first-, second-, and third-level managers. People decisions were reported to be most difficult, task and people decisions about equally important, and task decisions most preferable to make. Overall, these lower-level managers divide their decision time about equally between task decisions and people, money, information, and and other decisions combined. Compared with first-level managers, third-level managers spend less time on task and information decisions and more time on people and money decisions.
A NEW NORTH AMERICAN AGABUS, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES. (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE)

A species of medium size, elongate-oval, sub-parallel, piceous to rufo-testaccous, usually aenescent. Head large. Antennae and palpi rufo-testaceous, slightly infuscate; clypeus, and labrum anteriorly, rufo-testaceous; two spots on the head rufous; pronotum and elytra with the side margins diffusedly rufo-testaceous in their anterior halves; elytra without pale spots; tarsi, tibiae and femora rufo-testaceous, sometimes clouded with piceous medially, the hind legs darker than the anterior pair. Abdominal sternites three, four and five paler posteriorly.
Rolling bearing defect severity assessment under varying operating conditions

This paper investigates a multilayer feed-forward neural network structure for automated bearing defect severity assessment under varying operating conditions. A bearing health index was proposed, based on the Weibull theory. Defect-related frequency features were used as inputs to the neural network. The neural network was trained to establish relationship between defect characteristic and bearing conditions, and outputs specific a health index value corresponding the defect severity. Experiments have shown that the neural network was effective in differentiating faulty bearings from a 'healthy' bearing, with a 99% and 97% success rate for classifying defects in the inner and outer raceways, respectively.
Pacifism and the State in Colonial Pennsylvania

There are many varieties of pacifism in the world today. And the history of the peace movement shows that most of them, if not all, have had a long existence. Each type of pacifism is usually based on some corresponding variety of theology, religion, ethics, or political or social philosophy. In 1815, for example, the Reverend Noah Worcester' founded the Massachusetts Peace Society. Worcester and his associates had a program of peace through education. Theirs was not a doctrine of nonresistance. Individuals were not urged to refuse military service. Worcester was content with a general condemnation of war as unchristian and brutal and then he relied on his program of education through the school, the church, and the press to abolish the institution of war itself. He believed that within one hundred years society would be freed from this scourge and then war would no longer be a source of trouble for the individual conscience. This type of pacifism, while having its Christian elements, was nevertheless inspired to a large extent by the age of reason and the doctrine of perpetual progress. It was based on that philosophy which hopefully expected the imminent dawning of a golden age through intellectual and social enlightenment.
Potent and tumor specific: arming bacteria with therapeutic proteins

Bacteria are perfect vessels for targeted cancer therapy. Conventional chemotherapy is limited by passive diffusion, and systemic administration causes severe side effects. Bacteria can overcome these obstacles by delivering therapeutic proteins specifically to tumors. Bacteria have been modified to produce proteins that directly kill cells, induce apoptosis via signaling pathways, and stimulate the immune system. These three modes of bacterial treatment have all been shown to reduce tumor growth in animal models. Bacteria have also been designed to convert nontoxic prodrugs to active therapeutic compounds. The ease of genetic manipulation enables creation of arrays of bacteria that release many new protein drugs. This versatility will allow targeting of multiple cancer pathways and will establish a platform for individualized cancer medicine.
Nasal alar necrosis.

Objective: To describe an unrecognized clinical entity, nasal alar necrosis, and propose recommendations regarding the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of these cases. Study Design: Retrospective review of four patients with this condition. Methods: Histories, treatments, and outcomes were evaluated using office and hospital chart data. Results: We noted that three patients had prior trauma or surgery, other than to the nose, in the head and neck region. All four patients had comorbidities such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, depression, or tobacco abuse. Three patients had sensory deficits over the distribution of the maxillary nerve, and three volunteered that they had a habit of picking the crusted wound. Two patients improved over several months with aggressive wound care. One patient refused treatment and another underwent successful reconstruction. Conclusions: After malignant and granulomatous diseases were ruled out, our evaluations suggested that the pathogenesis was multifactorial including several factors alone or in combination, such as, hypoesthesia, self-mutilation, and an inadequate blood supply. Deficits in vascularity and sensory innervation must be considered as potential obstacles in reconstruction. Psychological problems causing factitious wounding may complicate therapeutic interventions.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure Solution of CIT-5, a New, High-Silica, Extra-Large-Pore Molecular Sieve

The synthesis, structure solution, and characterization of the high-silica molecular sieve CIT-5 (California Institute of Technology Number 5) is described. CIT-5 is synthesized at hydrothermal conditions in the presence of N(16)-methylsparteinium and preferrably lithium cations. The structural solution of CIT-5 shows that it contains one-dimensional pores circumscribed by 14 tetrahedral atoms (14 MR). Rietveld refinement of the synchrotron X-ray powder data gives a symmetry and space group assignment for the structure of Pmn2_1 (no. 31) with refined unit cell parameters of a = 13.6738(8) A, b = 5.0216(3) A, and c = 25.4883(7) A (V = 1750.1 A^3). Electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm the space group and the topology of the structure viewed along the [010] direction. Solid-state ^(29)Si NMR spectroscopy results are consistent with the space group assignment. The thermal/hydrothermal stability of CIT-5 compares well to that of other large- and extra-large-pore, high-silica molecular sieves. The acid form of CIT-5 is able to perform hydrocarbon reactions such as cracking and alkylation and shows behaviors that are different from other zeolites.
Characteristics and Outcomes Among Patients Transferred to a Regional Comprehensive Stroke Center for Tertiary Care

Background and Purpose—Many patients are transferred to comprehensive stroke centers for advanced acute ischemic stroke care, especially after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. We sought to determine differences in the baseline characteristics and outcomes between patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting directly to our academic stroke center’s front door versus transfers-in from another acute care hospital. Methods—Using our institutional Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke registry, we analyzed all 3660 consecutively admitted patients with acute ischemic stroke (January 2005–June 2012). Univariate and multivariable models explored differences in front door versus transfer-in patients. Results—Fifty percent of all patients with acute ischemic stroke were transfer-in. Compared with front door patients, transfer-in were younger (67±16 versus 71±15 years; P<0.001), had worse median initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (7.0 versus 4.0; P<0.001), more often had limb weaknes...
Reaction of lincosamide antibiotics with manganese oxide in aqueous solution.

Lincosamides are among the most frequently detected antibacterial agents in effluents from wastewater treatment plants and surface runoff at agricultural production systems. Little is known about their transformations in the environment. This study revealed that manganese oxide caused rapid and extensive decomposition of clindamycin and lincomycin in aqueous solution. The reactions occurred mainly at the pyranose ring of lincosamides, initially by formation of complexes with Mn and cleavage of the ether linkage, leading to the formation of a variety of degradation products via subsequent hydrolytic and oxidative reactions. The results of LC-MS/MS and FTIR analysis confirm cleavage of the C−O−C bond in the pyranose ring, formation of multiple carbonyl groups, and transformation of the methylthio moiety to sulfur oxide. The overall transformation was controlled by interactions of cationic species of lincosamides with MnO2 surfaces. The presence of electrolytes (i.e., NaCl, CaCl2, and MnCl2) and dissolved or...
Container Effects in 56Mn Sources for Iron Determination in the Human Body by NRS Technique

Iron overloads in liver and heart are detected in vivo by nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) technique. The method is based on the resonant scattering of 847 keV gamma ray from the first nuclear level in 56Fe. The source of radiation is provided by 56MnCl2 maintained in a gaseous phase in anevacuated quartz vial at 1030°C. It was observed that the time dependent NRS yield, from an iron slab, differed appreciably from the 2.58 hr. half-life of 56Mn. Inasmuch as the NRS system responds only to the source in the gaseous phase, the discrepancy is attributed to the interaction between the gaseous source and the walls of the vial. Fused silica vials and fused quartz vials demonstrate entirely different time behavior.
RESPONDING TO SEMANTICALLY ILL-FORMED INPUT

One cause of failure in natural language interfaces is semantic overshoot; this is reflected in input sentences which do not correspond to any semantic pattern in the system. We describe a system which provides helpful feedback in such cases by identifying the "semantically closest" inputs which the system would be able to understand.