cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Not All Stressors Are Equal: Mechanism of Stressors on RPE Cell Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly population. Dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer in the retina underscore the pathogenesis of both dry and wet AMD. Advanced age, cigarette smoke and genetic factors have been found to be the prominent risk factors for AMD, which point to an important role for oxidative stress and aging in AMD pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms whereby oxidative stress and aging lead to RPE cell degeneration are still unclear. As cell senescence and cell death are the major outcomes from oxidative stress and aging, here we review the mechanisms of RPE cell senescence and different kinds of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, with an aim to clarify how RPE cell degeneration could occur in response to AMD-related stresses, including H2O2, 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), N-retinylidene-N-retinyl-ethanolamine (A2E), Alu RNA and amyloid β (Aβ). Besides those, sodium iodate (NaIO3) induced RPE cell degeneration is also discussed in this review. Although NaIO3 itself is not related to AMD, this line of study would help understand the mechanism of RPE degeneration.
Importance of examining stimulus type in fMRI studies of sex differences in memory recall.

In their article, Spets and Slotnick (2020) conduct a meta-analysis on fMRI studies examining sex differences during long-term memory recall. They conclude that sex differences in brain activity du...
Development of novel nanofibers targeted to smoke-injured lungs

Smoke inhalation injury is associated with significant mortality and current therapies remain supportive. The purpose of our study was to identify proteins upregulated in the lung after smoke inhalation injury and develop peptide amphiphile nanofibers that target these proteins. We hypothesize that nanofibers targeted to angiotensin-converting enzyme or receptor for advanced glycation end products will localize to smoke-injured lungs. METHODS Five targeting sequences were incorporated into peptide amphiphile monomers methodically to optimize nanofiber formation. Nanofiber formation was assessed by conventional transmission electron microscopy. Rats received 8 min of wood smoke. Levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme and receptor for advanced glycation end products were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Rats received the targeted nanofiber 23 h after injury via tail vein injection. Nanofiber localization was determined by fluorescence quantification. RESULTS Peptide amphiphile purity (>95%) and nanofiber formation were confirmed. Target proteins were increased in smoke inhalation versus sham (p < 0.001). After smoke inhalation and injection of targeted nanofibers, we found a 10-fold increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme-targeted nanofiber localization to lung (p < 0.001) versus sham with minimal localization of non-targeted nanofiber (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We synthesized, characterized, and evaluated systemically delivered targeted nanofibers that localized to the site of smoke inhalation injury in vivo. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-targeted nanofibers serve as the foundation for developing a novel nanotherapeutic that treats smoke inhalation lung injury.
Intergroup Dialogue Pedagogy, Processes, and Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Students’ Openness to Multiple Perspectives

BackgroundIntergroup dialogue (IGD) is a prominent social justice pedagogy that engages diverse groups of students in sustained, facilitated dialogues on social issues. Decades of IGD research have...
Markus Friedrich, The Birth of the Archive: A History of Knowledge, trans. John Noël Dillon. [Review]

Markus Friedrich’s volume illustrates the diversity of archival practices in late medieval and early modern Europe. Large institutions associated with royal courts served as models, but archives “had a variety of local . . . causes and manifestations” affecting an increasingly large proportion of the population “on multiple political and social levels” (p. 48). Merchants and municipalities, churches and monasteries, and corporations and rulers all maintained records. The Birth of the Archive is a praxis-oriented study of the history of European archives circa 1200 to 1800, concentrating on developments in Italy, France, and various German-speaking principalities. It looks at how archives in those regions adapted to different contexts and how they functioned over time. Markus Friedrich, a professor of early modern history at Hamburg University, indicates that although a comparative, worldwide study of archival history would be highly desirable, his current investigations do not extend beyond Europe.
Changes in species, grade, and structure over 48 years in a managed New England northern hardwood stand

Three individual-tree selection harvests over a 48 yr period in a northern hardwood stand in New Hampshire resulted in an increase in the percentage of volume in trees with grade 1 and 2 butt logs from 21% (1952) to 30% (2000) in beech and 40% (1952) to 65% (2000) in sugar maple and other hardwoods. By 2000, 90% of the volume was in tolerant species.
Smoking cessation in homeless veterans.

aRalph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina. *Corresponding author: Mark B. Hamner, MD, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401-5799 (mark.hamner@va.gov). J Clin Psychiatry 2015;76(7):e911–e912 dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.14com09726 © Copyright 2015 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. S is likely much higher in the homeless than in the general population. It is likely higher still in the mentally ill homeless. The effect of veteran status on smoking in the homeless is unclear. However, there is no reason to think that smoking rates would be different as a function of veteran status in this population. For example, homeless veterans are much more likely to have nicotine dependence than veterans who are not homeless.1 Few studies have investigated the treatment of smoking in the homeless, despite the fact that the majority of smokers seem to want to quit. In this issue of the Journal, Carpenter and colleagues2 report an open trial of a multicomponent smoking cessation program for 20 homeless veterans. A novel feature of the study was the development of a smartphone application to facilitate mobile contingency management (mCM) therapy. The smoking cessation program utilized in the study included 4 weeks of using mCM, 4 counseling sessions, nicotine replacement therapy, and bupropion if medically appropriate. Participants could earn up to $815 ($480 for mCM, $100 for verified abstinence at 3 follow-up visits, and $35 for equipment return). This approach was a success in this pilot study. Abstinence as verified by carbon monoxide concentrations ≤ 6 ppm was 50% at the 4-week endpoint. Follow-up bioverified abstinence was 55% at 3 months and 45% at 6 months. Not surprisingly, there was a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity in this sample including posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and lifetime alcohol or substance dependence. This study further suggests that the intervention may be effective despite other psychiatric conditions that are thought to limit successful abstinence. The interpretation of this study, as the authors note appropriately, is limited by the small sample size and the lack of a control group. Nonetheless, the results are promising and should be further explored using a randomized controlled trial design.
Query Selectivity Estimation for Uncertain Data

Applications requiring the handling of uncertain data have led to the development of database management systems extending the scope of relational databases to include uncertain (probabilistic) data as a native data type. New automatic query optimizations having the ability to estimate the cost of execution of a given query plan, as available in existing databases, need to be developed. For probabilistic data this involves providing selectivity estimations that can handle multiple values for each attribute and also new query types with threshold values. This paper presents novel selectivity estimation functions for uncertain data and shows how these functions can be integrated into PostgreSQL to achieve query optimization for probabilistic queries over uncertain data. The proposed methods are able to handle both attribute- and tuple-uncertainty. Our experimental results show that our algorithms are efficient and give good selectivity estimates with low space-time overhead.
Mathai-Quillen forms and Lefschetz theory

Mathai-Quillen forms are used to give an integral formula for the Lefschetz number of a smooth map of a closed manifold. Applied to the identity map, this formula reduces to the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The formula is computed explicitly for constant curvature metrics. There is in fact a one-parameter family of integral expressions. As the parameter goes to infinity, a topological version of the heat equation proof of the Lefschetz fixed submanifold formula is obtained. As the parameter goes to zero and under a transversality assumption, a lower bound for the number of points mapped into their cut locus is obtained. For diffeomorphisms with Lefschetz number unequal to the Euler characteristic, this number is infinite for most metrics, in particular for metrics of non-positive curvature.
SU-E-T-504: Intensity-Modulated Radiosurgery Treatments Derived by Optimizing Delivery of Sphere Packing Treatment Plans

Purpose To minimize the number of monitor units required to deliver a sphere packing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plan by eliminating overlaps of individual beam projections. Methods An algorithm was written in C++ to calculate SRS treatment doses using sphere packing. Three fixed beams were used to approximate each arc in a typical SRS treatment plan. For cases involving multiple isocenters, at each gantry and table angle position beams directed to individual spheres overlap to produce regions of high dose, resulting in intensity modulated beams. These high dose regions were dampened by post-processing of the combined beam profile. The post-process dampening involves removing the excess overlapping fluence from all but the highest contributing beam. The dampened beam profiles at each table and gantry angle position were then summed to produce the new total dose distribution. Results Delivery times for even the most complex multiple sphere plans can be reduced to consistent times of about 20 to 30 minutes. The total MUs required to deliver the plan can also be reduced by as much as 85% of the original plan’s MUs. Conclusion Regions of high dose are removed. Dampening overlapping radiation fluence can produce the new beam profiles that have more uniform dose distributions using less MUs. This results in a treatment that requires significantly fewer intensity values than traditional IMRT or VAMT planning.
Leatherback sea turtle shell: A tough and flexible biological design.

Abstract The leatherback sea turtle is unique among chelonians for having a soft skin which covers its osteoderms. The osteoderm is composed of bony plates that are interconnected with collagen fibers in a structure called suture. The soft dermis and suture geometry enable a significant amount of flexing of the junction between adjacent osteoderms. This design allows the body to contract better than a hard-shelled sea turtle as it dives to depths of over 1000 m. The leatherback turtle has ridges along the carapace to enhance the hydrodynamic flow and provide a tailored stiffness. The osteoderms are of two types: flat and ridged. The structure of the two types of osteoderms is characterized and their mechanical properties are investigated with particular attention to the failure mechanisms. They both are bony structures with a porous core sandwiched between compact layers that form the outside and inside surfaces. The compressive strength is highly anisotropic by virtue of the interaction between loading orientation and arrangement of porous and compact components of osteoderms. The angle of interpenetration at the suture of osteoderms is analyzed and compared with analytical predictions. The sutures have a triangular shape with an angle of ∼30° which provides a balance between the tensile strength of the osteoderms and shear strength of the collagen fiber layer and is verified by Li–Ortiz–Boyce in a previous study. This is confirmed by an FEM analysis. A calculation is developed to quantify the flexibility of the carapace and plastron as a function of the angular displacement at the sutures, predicting the interdependence between geometrical parameters and flexibility. Statement of Significance The leatherback turtle is a magnificent chelonian whose decreasing numbers have brought it to the brink of extinction in the Pacific Ocean. This first study of the structure of its shell provides important new insights that explain its amazing capacity for diving: depths of over 1000 m have been recorded. This is enabled by the flexibility between the bony plates comprising its shell, which is covered by a skin and not by hard keratin as all other turtles. We use the arsenal of Materials Science characterization techniques to probe the structure of the shell and explain its amazing structure and capacity for flexing, while retaining its protection capability.
A Hospital Discharge Summary Quality Improvement Program Featuring Individual and Team-based Feedback and Academic Detailing

Abstract Background Discharge summaries are an important component of hospital care transitions typically completed by interns in teaching hospitals. However, these documents are often not completed in a timely fashion or do not include pertinent details of hospitalization. This report outlines the development and impact of a curriculum intervention to improve the quality of discharge summaries by interns and residents in Internal Medicine. A previous study demonstrated that a discharge summary curriculum featuring individualized feedback was associated with improved summary quality, but few subsequent studies have described implementation of similar curricula. No information exists on the utility of other strategies such as team-based feedback or academic detailing. Methods Study participants were 96 Internal Medicine intern and resident physicians at an academic medical center-based training program. A comprehensive evidence-based discharge summary quality improvement program was developed and implemented that featured a discharge summary template to facilitate summary preparation, individual feedback, team-based feedback, academic detailing and an objective discharge summary evaluation instrument. Results The discharge summary evaluation instrument had moderate interrater reliability (κ = 0.72). Discharge summary scores improved from mean score of 70% to 82% ( P = 0.05). Interns and residents participating in this program also reported increased confidence in producing and critiquing summaries. Conclusions A comprehensive discharge summary curriculum can be feasibly implemented within the context of a residency program. Team-based feedback and academic detailing may serve to reinforce individual feedback and extend program reach.
The human cell multiprotein DNA replication complex (MRC) : the effect of camptothecin on its ability to support in vitro DNA synthesis

Purpose : We have previously reported on the isolation and characterization of a multiprotein DNA replication complex (MRC) from HeLa cells that fully supports in vitro DNA replication. Based upon its ability to replicate DNA in a cell-free environment (devoid of other cellular processes) the MRC may serve as a unique model system for investigating the mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs that directly affect DNA synthesis. The experiments described in this report were performed to establish whether the MRC could serve as a model system to examine in detail the mechanism of action of camptothecin, a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Methods : We examined the effects of increasing concentrations of camptothecin on HeLa cell survival, intact HeLa cell DNA synthesis and MRC-mediated in vitro DNA replication. We also performed topoisomerase I assays in the presence of increasing concentrations of camptothecin to study the direct effects of the agent on MRC-associated topoisomerase I activity. Furthermore, we employed an SDS precipitation assay to measure the formation of MRC-associated topoisomerase I-cleavable complexes in the presence of increasing concentrations of camptothecin. Results : We found a close correlation between the IC50 values for intact HeLa cell DNA synthesis (0.15 μM) and MRC-mediated in vitro DNA synthesis (0.05 μM). Similarly, we found that 0.05 μM camptothecin inhibited MRC-associated topoisomerase I activity by approximately 50%. In addition, we found that the formation of MRC-associated topoisomerase I-cleavable complexes increased linearly with increasing concentrations of camptothecin. Conclusions: The data presented in this report support the use of the MRC as a model system to study the mechanism of action of camptothecin. We anticipate that future studies with the MRC will help elucidate the cellular consequences of camptothecin-cleavable complex formation.
Enhancing cooperative learning in TESOL teacher education

This paper discusses how a TESOL teacher educator took reflective action in an ESL methods class with the goal of increasing pre-service and in-service teachers' use of cooperative learning (CL) activities in their own ESL classrooms. CL has been at the forefront of educational research and is a frequent topic in methodology textbooks, teacher education programmes, and in-service coursework. The positive benefits of CL have been documented in a variety of studies. Despite these benefits and the prevalence of the topic in teacher educational contexts, CL is not as widespread as would be expected. Teaching practices are influenced by teachers' prior experiences and beliefs. If pre-service teachers are not exposed to effective models of CL in their teacher education programmes it may be unrealistic to expect them to engage in CL in their own classrooms.
The Ultimate Enigma of “Clever Hans”: The Union of Nature and Culture

Tell me, where is fancy bred, or in the heart or in the head? How begot, how nourished? Reply, reply. –The Merchant of Venice
Hierarchical control strategy for a hybrid hydro-mechanical transmission (HMT) power-train

A hydraulic hybrid passenger vehicle using a Hydro-mechanical Transmission (HMT) or power-split architecture is being developed as a testbed within the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power. In this paper, the design and experimental implementation of a three-level hierarchical control approach for this vehicle with a second generation hardware are presented. This control strategy segregates the tasks of the drive-train into three layers that respectively 1) manages the accumulator energy storage (high level); 2) performs vehicle level optimization (mid-level); and 3) attains the desired vehicle operating condition (low level). Different high level energy management strategies can be employed without affecting the mid and low level controllers. Two “high level” energy management strategies have been implemented and experimentally tested initially, a continuously variable transmission (CVT) strategy used as a baseline for comparison, and a rule based hybrid strategy. Results illustrate that the mid and low level power-train control satisfy the driver's demand and the efficiency is dependent on the energy management used.
Verification of Nutrient Transport Modelling of a Bison Feedlot

Runoff from an unpaved bison feedlot was measured for 2 yr. The objective were to determine a runoff curve number, develop a relationship between rainfall and runoff, and evaluate the equations in the Erosion–Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) and Agricultural Non-point Source (AGNPS) models for the prediction of runoff nutrient contents from a bison feedlot. A runoff curve number of 93 was determined using rainfall/runoff data. A simple regression equation was developed to estimate runoff as a linear function of rainfall. Organic-N and P were predicted with high correlation coefficients of 0·89 and 0·81, respectively. Results showed that use of EPIC and AGNPS model equations is a promising method for runoff quality/quantity estimation.
A Map Browser for an Internet‐based GIS Data Repository

This article presents the design of a map browser for an Internet-based GIS data repository. A map browser called GeoLibrary was developed and implemented as a component of the Idaho Geospatial Data Center (IGDC), a digital library of public-domain GIS data for the state of Idaho. The design and implementation of the map browser are introduced in the larger context of a geolibrary model. The article also discusses alternative solutions that can be considered for implementing a map browser.
Rheological and structural properties of cold-water-swelling and heated cross-linked waxy maize starch dispersions prepared in apple juice and water

The rheological and structural characteristics of dispersions of a cold-water-swelling (CWS) starch and a cross-linked waxy maize (CLWM) starch (3–5% solids concentration) prepared in apple juice and water were studied. At equal starch concentration, the mass fraction of CLWM granules was higher than of CWS starch, and that of either starch prepared in apple juice was higher than in water. The G 0 and G 00 vs. angular frequency profiles of both starches resembled those of dilute cross-linked gels. For both starches, time-dependent flow behavior was observed and the power law consistency coefficient K increased with granule mass fraction in an exponential manner. The first normal coefficient, J1, of CWS dispersions exhibited stronger dependence on shear rate than of CLWM, probably due to the CWS granules being more deformable. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Use of circumferential stapler in reconstruction following resections for carcinoma of the cardia.

Abstract The use of the End-to-End Anastomosis (EEA) circumferential stapler for reconstruction following resection of the esophagus and stomach for carcinoma of the cardia is reported here in 9 consecutive patients with fifteen anastomoses performed with this unit. The technical aspects of the EEA stapler are emphasized. Two frequent problems associated with this type of operation, namely, stenosis or leak at the suture line, are completely avoided by the use of this stapler unit. Its use is recommended.
Effect of Hypertension on Elasticity and Geometry of Aortic Tissue From Dogs

Inflation-extension experiments were carried out on segments of the descending thoracic aortas from 4 normotensive and 4 hypertensive dogs rendered hypertensive using either unilateral or bilateral renal artery constriction. Intravascular pressures up to 200 mm Hg and axial forces up to 200 g were used. The external diameter of the segment and the distance between two longitudinally spaced gage marks were recorded photographically at each pressure-force level combination. Dimensions in the underformed configuration were measured at the end of the inflation-extension experiment. Data were analyzed for changes in geometry and force-deformation response. Results indicate that: 1. Under sustained hypertension the wall thickness in the underformed configuration increases with a concurrent reduction in the in-situ longitudinal extension ratio. 2. This dual tissue response accomplishes substantial reductions in the circumferential and longitudinal stresses from the levels that would be reached at equivalent pressures in the absence of these geometric changes. 3. At comparable intravascular pressures the extensibility in the circumferential direction is slightly greater for the hypertensive aortas as compared to normals. However, the stress-extension ratio relationship in the circumferential direction is similar in the two groups. 4. The stress-extension ratio relationship in the longitudinal direction indicates that the hypertensive aorta is stiffer than its normotensive counterpart.
Flexible inorganic nanowire light-emitting diode.

We report a highly flexible light-emitting device in which inorganic nanowires are the optically active components. The single-crystalline ZnO nanowires are grown at 80 °C on flexible polymer-based indium-tin-oxide-coated substrates and subsequently encapsulated in a minimal-thickness, void-filling polystyrene film. A reflective top contact serving as the anode in the diode structure is provided by a strongly doped p-type polymer and an evaporated Au film. The emission through the polymer side of this arrangement covers most of the visual region. Electrical and optical properties as well as performance limitations of the device structure are discussed.
Effect of bridge on energy transfer and photoinduced charge separation in perylene-diimide-naphthalene-bisimide- hexathiophene based donor-bridge-acceptor triads

Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is performed to assess bridge effects on energy transfer and charge separation in molecular junctions. A short, conjugated bridge can facilitate charge separation from both donor and acceptor, whereas in longer bridges charge separation only occurs from the excited donor.
Economics of Overactive Bladder

OAB is a prevalent, costly disease that has significant personal and societal burdens. Therapy should graduate in invasiveness as necessary. Behavioral modification techniques are the ideal starting point. Anticholinergic medications should be used as the initial medical management. Drug selection should take into consideration individual patient needs regarding side-effect profile. Patients who fail to improve on medication alone should be offered 2nd line therapies including neuromodulation (SNS or PTNS) or intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A. Surgical options such as augmentation cystoplasty and diversion should be reserved for patients with neurogenic OAB who have failed other more conservative measures.
Constant Final-State Photoemission Study of Silicon Fluoride Reaction Layer Created During Etching: Morphology of the Reaction Layer

Soft x-ray core-level photoemission was used to study the reaction layer formed on a Si(111) surface during steady-state etching by XeF2. These surfaces show shifted Si 2p core levels which correspond to particular silicon fluoride species residing in the reaction layer. Spectra were collected in constant final state (CFS) mode for electron kinetic energies ranging from 2 eV to 90 eV. The use of CFS mode allowed the electron escape length to remain constant during individual spectra. The electron escape length for the reaction layer as a function of kinetic energy was then determined by monitoring the intensity of the bulk silicon signal. Thus, by analyzing the proportions of each silicon fluoride species observed in the individual CFS spectra as a function of the electron escape depth in the reaction layer, the distribution of the silicon fluoride species in the layer was obtained. The distribution determined placed SiF at the interface between the reaction layer and the bulk silicon, and the remaining species, SiF2, SiF3 and SiF4, successively layered on top. This observation leads to a model for the structure of the reaction layer.
Misuse of hypnosis in sexual contexts: two case reports.

Abstract A military officer was accused by 2 young men of having used hypnosis to attempt homosexual relations. The officer denied the charges and claimed that the young men had imagined these events while they were in altered states of consciousness. The officer did admit to questionable practices such as consuming alcoholic beverages with the 2 young men and then using relaxation techniques with them in bedrooms. Subject motivation and nonhypnotic coercive tactics such as abuse of authority and alcohol seem important in understanding alleged cases of hypnotic coercion.
Moral Evil and Leibniz’s Form/Matter Defense of Divine Omnipotence

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that Leibniz’s form/matter defense of omnipotence is paradoxical, but not irretrievably so. Leibniz maintains that God necessarily must concur only in the possibility for evil’s existence in the world (the form of evil), but there are individual instances of moral evil that are not necessary (the matter of evil) with which God need not concur. For Leibniz, that there is moral evil in the world is contingent on God’s will (a dimension of divine omnipotence), with the result that even though it is necessary that God exerts his will, there are particular products of his will that are contingent and unnecessary—including human moral evil. If there are instances of evil which are contingent on God’s will and yet unnecessary, then the problematic conclusion for Leibniz’s view must be that human evil depends upon divine concurrence, not just for its possibility in the world (which is necessary) but for its instance (which is contingent). If the form/matter defense of omnipotence contains a true paradox, then God concurs in the form as well as the matter of evil. To assuage this difficulty for Leibniz, I will argue that he could either give up an Augustinian notion of evil, or rely upon a distinction between *potenta absoluta* and *potenta ordinate*, which was popular among important thinkers in the medieval period.
Coastal loading and transport of Escherichia coli at an embayed beach in Lake Michigan.

A Chicago beach in southwest Lake Michigan was revisited to determine the influence of nearshore hydrodynamic effects on the variability of Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration in both knee-deep and offshore waters. Explanatory variables that could be used for identifying potential bacteria loading mechanisms, such as bed shear stress due to a combined wave-current boundary layer and wave runup on the beach surface, were derived from an existing wave and current database. The derived hydrodynamic variables, along with the actual observed E. coli concentrations in the submerged and foreshore sands, were expected to reveal bacteria loading through nearshore sediment resuspension and swash on the beach surface, respectively. Based on the observation that onshore waves tend to result in a more active hydrodynamic system at this embayed beach, multiple linear regression analysis of onshore-wave cases further indicated the significance of sediment resuspension and the interaction of swash with gull-dropping...
The state of stress at continental margins

Abstract Three sources of stress at active (Andean) continental margins are considered: body forces on the plates which drive their motion, thermal stresses generated within the cooling lithosphereand bending stresses due to the flexure of the lithosphere at an ocean trench. It is argued that the bending stresses dominate. The evolution of passive (Atlantictype) continental margins is also considered. Models for the free and locked flexure of the continental and oceanic lithosphere are given. Based on observed gravity anomalies, it is argued that the continental margin fault system must remain active throughout much of the evolution of the margin. These displacements accommodate both the subsidence of the oceanic lithosphere due to its cooling and thickeningand the sedimentary loading. This loading may be responsible for the seismicity on the eastern continental margin of the United States e.g., the Charleston, South Carolina earthquake of 1884.
The Synthesis and Some Properties of Diammonium Hydrogentrisulfimide (Diammonium 2-Hydrogen,1,3,5,2,4,6-Trithiatriazine,1,1,3,3,5,5-Hexoxide), (NH 4 ) 2 HN 3 S 3 O 6 , and the X-Ray Structure of the Hydrogentrisulfimide Ion

The reaction of stoichiometric amounts of (NH 4 ) 3 N 3 S 3 O 6 and HNO 3 produces (NH 4 ) 2 HN 3 S 3 O 6 . Its low acidity decreases the amount of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and allows the isolation of its crystals. The distorting effects of monoprotonation such as S--N, 1.594(7) A, and S--N H , 1.690(9) A, in the HN 3 S 3 O 6 2 m ring are described and discussed.
Feedback in contouring control systems

A CONTOURING control system is a position control system whose primary function is to position the cutter of a machine tool in accordance with the contours of a template. The General Electric Company's contouring control system consists of both electrical and mechanical elements. The electrical elements are the electronic amplifiers, networks, amplidyne, and motor, and the mechanical elements are the gears, shafts, lead screws, and machine slides which compose the mechanical drives of the machine tool. In determining the performance of a contouring control system, each of these elements must be considered by itself and in relation to the other elements of the system.
The role of continuing care in outpatient alcohol treatment programs.

Substance-abusing patients are frequently urged to participate in continuing care, or “aftercare,” following an initial phase of treatment. However, there has been relatively little research on the effectiveness of continuing care, particularly in the context of outpatient service delivery systems. Since 1988, 12 controlled studies of continuing care for alcohol use disorders have been published. Only three of these studies were conducted exclusively within outpatient service delivery systems; in the other studies, all patients (six studies) or at least half of the patients (three studies) were first treated in inpatient or residential facilities. Four of the 12 studies yielded positive findings (two of six studies with minimal/no continuing care control conditions and two of six studies with active control conditions). It is suggested that continuing care treatment might be improved by placing greater emphasis on addressing co-occurring problems and facilitating the identification and streng thening of patients’ skills, interests, and talents, although additional research would be needed to evaluate the impact of these modifications. Further research is also needed to establish guidelines for when patients are ready to enter continuing care and to develop performance indicators to monitor progress.
Working with slides and transparencies for presentations

Abstract This article provides ideas that support visual aids. Good visuals will enhance and complement any presentation. Yet, as much as good visuals can strengthen a presentation, so too may ineffective visuals undermine it. “Visuals belong to your audience. They exist to synthesize your main points and to give your listeners a road map of where you are going [1].” Careful attention in planning the visual complement to an oral presentation will assure one's audience is able to absorb a greater part of the intended message … and use it.
Blockade of glutamate receptors unmasks neuronal apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro

Abstract Mouse cortical cell cultures exposed to transient oxygen-glucose deprivation developed marked acute cell body swelling followed by neurodegeneration, consistent with necrosis-type death. This death was not attenuated by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, but was attenuated by addition of the N-methyl- d -asparate antagonist, MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate), and the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. If the deprivation insult was extended to overcome the protective effect of glutamate antagonists, neuronal death resulted that was associated with cell body shrinkage and DNA fragmentation, and was attenuated by cycloheximide. These data suggest that oxygen-glucose deprivation can induce in cortical neurons both excitotoxic necrosis, and apoptosis dependent on new macromolecule synthesis.
Noteworthy plants of Texas—III. Stachydeoma as represented in Texas

In the first (1903) edition of the Flora of the Southeastern United States (p. 1040), Small elected to set up the genus Stachydeoma to include Hedeoma ciliata Benth. and H. graveolens Chapman. The new genus was distinguished from Hedeoma by a non-gibbous calyx with the throat not closed by hairs, and by two folds in the corolla throat. S. graveole~ts (Chapm.) Small, a perennial, is found only in Florida. S. ciliata (Benth.) Small, an annual, is restricted, as far as known, to sandy soils in southern Texas. No other species have apparently since been published. Examinatiou of collections in the University of Texas Herbarium reveals two additional segregates closely allied to, but distinct from, H. ciliata which are here proposed as new species. The three species may be well keyed on the following characteristics :
Phase diagram of nitrous oxide: Analogy with carbon dioxide

We present the phase diagram for nitrous oxide $({\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O})$ derived from in situ high pressure and temperature Raman and x-ray diffraction studies. Two new phases (II and IV) are discovered above 600 K between 18 and 50 GPa; both are quenchable to ambient temperature. The crystal structures and stability fields of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ phases are similar to those of ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ below 50 GPa and 800 K. However, we found subtle differences in their physical properties and crystal structures, indicating an increased disparity (or ionicity) between $\mathrm{N}---\mathrm{N}$ and $\mathrm{N}---\mathrm{O}$ bonds in bent ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{V}$ (Pbcn). The present results thus explain the divergence observed at higher pressures and temperatures; ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ disproportionates into ionic ${\mathrm{NO}}^{+}{\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2},$ whereas ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ polymerizes into an extended covalent solid.
When does corporate venture capital add value for new ventures

New ventures face a trade-off when considering corporate venture capital (CVC) funding. Corporate investors can provide complementary assets that enhance the commercialization of new venture technologies. However, tight links with a particular corporate investor has drawbacks and may constrain new ventures from accessing complementary assets from diverse sources in an open market. Taking this trade-off into account, we explore conditions under which CVC funding is beneficial to new ventures. Using a sample of computer, semiconductor, and wireless ventures, we find that CVC funding is particularly beneficial for new ventures when they require specialized complementary assets or operate in uncertain environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact Sensitivity of γ-Irradiated HMX

Impact of thin layers of HMX at room temperature and near liquid nitrogen temperature were performed. Polycrystalline powders of HMX irradiated with 7.5 megarad in evacuated tubes at liquid nitrogen temperature showed significant enhanced sensitivity. With 10-megarad irradiations of HMX in evacuated tubes at liquid nitrogen temperature frequent spontaneous explosions in HMX have occurred. ESR measurements on impacted HMX and RDX powders at room temperature and near liquid nitrogen temperature at energies of less than 1 kg · m have not produced detectable mechanically generated free radicals. A significant increase in sensitivity of vacuum irradiated HMX was observed but efforts to correlate this with the dominant frozen-in NO2 γ-radical concentration were unsuccessful. It is suggested that the NO2 radical is a chain terminating radical in explosive systems.
Case Report: Testicular artery pseudoaneurysm

This is a case of an unusual cause of a testicular mass and the clinical features associated with its presentation and management. The patient presented with testicular pain and was found to have a testicular mass on ultrasound with a central 1cm anechoic region with arterial wave-form concerning for a pseudoaneurysm. The patient underwent orchiectomy with resolution of his symptoms. This case highlights the presentation of testicular artery pseudoaneurysm and outcome following orchiectomy.
ANTENATAL ULTRASOUND-PERINATAL IMPLICATIONS

Antenatal ultrasonography has clearly defined many fetal abnormalities, permitting referral and interdisciplinary consultation prior to delivery. We sought to determine its impact at a tertiary perinatal center. During the past 6 years(1978-83), >15,000 examinations were completed by a single observer (MJ). Indications included genetic amniocentesis(3,414 cases), size-date discrepancy, and suspicion of fetal malformations (based on history or alpha fetoprotein screening). Although the number of genetic studies increased from 268 in 1978 to>700 in 1982/83 the main indication, maternal age >35 yrs(68%), and number of chromosome abnormalities (2.3±0.6%), remained constant. Major anatomic malformations were identified in 139 fetuses, 0.9% of all studies, including the CNS (39%), genito-urinary (19%) and gastrointestinal (13%) systems. 56 were diagnosed before 21 wks of which 38 pregnancies were terminated. Better planning of delivery and operative care was possible, particularly with gastrointestinal lesions and abdominal wall defects. The natural history of many of the lesions was unknown. The ultrasound diagnosis was confirmed after delivery in all but 5 cases. To date, only 1 lethal malformation (infantile polycystic kidneys) was missed. We conclude ultrasonographic technology is currently in advance of knowledge of the natural history of many lesions diagnosed early. This presents a dilemma for both staff and patients alike. To fully utilize available resources a multidisciplinary fetal diagnostic and therapeutic team should be established at tertiary perinatal centers.
Temporal and geospatial trends in male factor infertility with assisted reproductive technology in the United States from 1999-2010.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of male factor infertility diagnosis within the context of assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics and its geographic and temporal distribution from 1999–2010. Design Population study based on patients presenting for care at ART centers. Setting Clinics providing ART services. Patient(s) All male patients seeking infertility care at ART clinics. Intervention(s) Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, analyzed, geocoded, and mapped. Main Outcome Measure(s) Prevalence of male factor infertility diagnosis in a couple seeking infertility care. Result(s) Between 1999 and 2010, 1,057,402 cycles of ART using nonfrozen, nondonor eggs were performed, increasing from 62,809 cycles in 1999 to 99,289 cycles in 2010. Nationwide in ART clinics, the period prevalence of isolated male factor infertility was 17.1% and the prevalence of overall male factor infertility diagnoses was 34.6%. The highest prevalence was reported in New Mexico (56.4%) and lowest in Mississippi (24.2%). Conclusion(s) The prevalence of male factor infertility diagnosis varies significantly by time and space within the United States, whereas its overall prevalence has remained remarkably stable. This study provides the spatial analytic framework for future research to explore factors associated with male factor infertility.
Neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands: four new cases and review of the literature.

Background Isolated or predominantly hand involvement in Sweet's syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, or pustular vasculitis is a rare presentation in the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses and is often associated with an occult malignancy or other systemic inflammatory disorder. When these disorders occur on the hands, they are often clinically indistinguishable, but they can sometimes be separated histologically by the presence of papillary dermal edema (Sweet's syndrome), ulceration and necrosis (pyoderma gangrenosum), or vasculitis (pustular vasculitis). These distinctions may be arbitrary, however, and reflect differences in the temporal course of the disease and in the degree of inflammation at the time of biopsy. Methods We report four cases of neutrophilic dermatosis affecting the hands and a review of the literature for similar cases. Results Of the four patients presented, two had associated carcinomas and one had myelodysplasia in transition to leukemia. The cutaneous symptoms preceded the finding of an occult malignancy. Thirty-two reported cases of neutrophilic dermatoses presenting on the hands showed clinicopathologic features similar to those in our series. Taken together, the mean age at diagnosis was 60.5 years, and 58% of the patients were female. Twenty-five per cent (nine patients) also had myelodysplasia or leukemia, 14% (five patients) ulcerative colitis, 6% (two patients) carcinoma, 6% (two patients) Crohn's disease, and 6% (two patients) seropositive arthritis. Conclusions These cases illustrate the importance of recognizing that neutrophilic dermatoses may present uniquely or predominantly on the hands. This presentation is distinctive, and prompt diagnosis may prevent unnecessary medical or surgical therapy and may lead to the earlier diagnosis and treatment of an associated malignancy or other systemic disorder.
The taste of calcium and magnesium salts and anionic modifications

Abstract Taste properties of divalent salts are complex. The first study examined the taste profiles of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate. These divalent cation salts were characterized primarily by bitter taste, with additional sensations described as salty, metallic, astringent, sour and sweet, generally in decreasing order of intensity. A second study examined the taste properties of calcium salts other than chloride. Calcium gluconate, calcium glycerophosphate and calcium lactate had lower salty and bitter responses than equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride, an effect suggesting anionic inhibition.
Using Asymmetric Single-ISA CMPs to Save Energy on Operating Systems

CPUs consume too much power. Modern complex cores sometimes waste power on functions that are not useful for the code they run. In particular, operating system kernels do not benefit from many power-consuming features intended to improve application performance. We advocate asymmetric single-ISA multicore systems, in which some cores are optimized to run OS code at greatly improved energy efficiency.
Shift Reagents In Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)

Absorbance subtract FT-IR suffers from weak intermolecular perturbations, which cause residual differences to remain after the constituents of the sample have been subtracted out. This problem can be redefined into a solution by using precisely these shifts as diagnostics for interesting sample features, in a manner similar to NMR shift reagents. Unlike the NMR case, however, the shifts are typically smaller than the bandwidth, and subtraction is required for their observation and that of the simultaneous intensity effects. The procedure has been demonstrated for a variety of applications, including optical isomer resolution, isolation of spectral features of one compound from those of a mixture, determination of site accessibility on a molecular scale, measuring physical cross linking in a polymer, and following chemical equilibria in samples.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.