cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linear and Nonlinear Absorption Enhanced Photoacoustic Response of BODIPY and Curcuminoid Photoacoustic-phores

We report the development of efficient photoacoustic-phores based on BODIPY and curcuminiod fluorophores. Enhancement of PA response is attributed to strong linear absorption and excited state at incident wavelength, and long lived excited states.
Age-related changes in the murine larynx: initial validation of a mouse model.

OBJECTIVES Changes in voice are commonly associated with aging (presbyphonia). Age-related voice change significantly impairs elderly individuals' ability to communicate meaningfully with others and affects their quality of life. With changing age demographics in our society and increasing emphasis on quality of life, treatment of presbylaryngis is becoming more paramount. METHODS We used 9 aged and 9 young mice to validate a mouse model for the aging larynx. We stained the larynges with Alcian blue to determine the hyaluronic acid content, trichrome stain to determine the collagen content, and immunohistochemical stain for alpha smooth muscle actin to determine the myofibroblast content. Morphometric measurements were performed for muscle area, muscle thickness, and muscle fiber diameter. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the density measurements of hyaluronic acid and collagen reflected decreased hyaluronic acid and increased collagen content in the aging larynx. We found alpha smooth muscle actin-labeled myofibroblasts only in the aged larynges. No statistically significant differences were found in the morphometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS Aged mice may make a practical model for the age-related changes in the vocal folds that can be used further in studies aiming to correct these changes.
An interface-enriched generalized FEM for EM analysis of composites with nonconformal meshes

An interface-enriched generalized finite-element method (IGFEM) is presented for accurate and efficient electromagnetic analysis of complex composite materials. Without using meshes that conform to the material interfaces, the IGFEM enriches the solution space at the material interfaces to capture the discontinuities of the field and its derivatives. Two verification examples and one engineering problem are provided to respectively demonstrate the accuracy of the IGFEM and its potential in modeling composites with intricate and randomly distributed internal structures.
Influential factors of stereoscopic vision recovery after children's strabismus surgery

Objective To analyze the influential factors of stereoscopic vision recovery after children strabismus surgery.Methods A total of 90 children with strabismus were retrospectively analyzed according to type and degree of strabismus different surgical methods were used.The general information and related symptom were recorded before surgery and the recovery conditions of children were observed and followed up and the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive Logistic regression analysis were performed to summarize the key factors that affecting the stereoscopic vision recovery of children.Results The preoperative and postoperative macular central fovea type of stereoscopic acuity were(58.55±16.35)″and(41.83±11.23)″, there was statistical difference(P0.05).The preoperative and postoperative macular type of stereoscopic acuity were(195.56±20.34)″ and(160.36±18.56)″,there was statistical difference(P0.05).The preoperative and postoperative periphery stereoscopic acuity were(623.23±60.25)″ and(488.45±60.11)″,there was statistical difference(P0.05).The single factor analysis showed that,there were statistical differences in the onset age of strabismus duration controlling normotopia and visual training(all P0.05),but no statistical difference in gender strabismus type family history normal stereovision and having amblyopia(all P0.05).The multifactor comprehensive Logistic regression analysis showed that,there were statistical differences in the onset age of strabismus,duration and visual training(all P0.05).Conclusion The onset age of strabismus,duration and visual training are the key factors in affecting the stereoscopic vision recovery after children strabismus surgery.
Failure analysis of 6.8 grade bolt for transmission towers

Failure cause of 6.8 grade bolts for transmission towers was analyzed by fracture morphology,chemical composition,microstructure and hardness tests.The results show that fracture mode of the bolt is transgranular brittle fracture;chemical composition and microstructure of the processed materials are normal,but hardness is basically meet the national standard;microstructure of the head are severely deformed and its hardness are too high,which are the main reasons of the bolt fracture.Proper measures avoiding fracture are that adding stress relief annealing process before zinc plating,strictly controlling cold heading process and checking up the hardness and microstructure of the bolt head in time.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of squeeze-state generation in χ(3) semiconductor waveguides

The realization of a compact squeezed-state-generation device at 1.5 µm may have potential applications in optical communication. The squeezed state has been generated in both χ(2) and χ(3) media. In χ(2) media the frequency of the squeezed vacuum is half that of the pump. Therefore frequency doubling is necessary for generating a local oscillator (LO). Such frequency doubling is not needed in χ(3) media. However, squeezing in y(3) media has not been as successful as in X(2) media, for example, in atomic vapor,1 self-focusing seriously limits the amount of squeezing, whereas in optical fibers,2 guided-acoustic-wave Brillouin-scattering (GAWBS) noise causes difficulties that can be circumvented through low- temperature cooling of the fiber or the use of soli ton pulses.
Flow regime analysis for geologic CO2 sequestration and other subsurface fluid injections

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into a confined saline aquifer may be modeled as an axisymmetric two-phase flow problem. Assuming the CO2 and brine segregate quickly in the vertical direction due to strong buoyancy, and neglecting capillary pressure and miscibility, the lubrication approximation leads to a one-dimensional nonlinear advection-diffusion equation that describes the evolution of the sharp CO2-brine interface. The interface evolution is driven by two forces: the force from fluid injection (the lateral pressure gradient due to injection), and buoyancy. Analytical solutions can be derived when one of the two forces is dominant. The solutions depend on the viscosity ratio ( M ) between the displaced and injected fluids, and a buoyancy parameter ( Γ ) that measures the relative importance of buoyancy compared to the driving force from injection. Different combinations of these two parameters give different forms of the solutions. But for all the solutions, the radius of the lateral spreading of the injected fluid follows, r ∝ t 1 / 2 with the proportionality coefficient differing for the different solutions. In this paper, we identify the kinds of solutions appropriate for practical CO2 injection projects as well as other subsurface fluid injection applications. We use data from eight CO2 injection projects, twenty-four acid gas injection projects, two liquid waste disposal projects, and one CO2-WAG enhanced oil recovery project. The solutions provide guidance for the expected behavior of fluid spreading under the different injection operations while providing general insights into overall fluid flow behavior.
Hepatic Tumor Ablation

This section provides a comprehensive procedural report for hepatic tumor ablation procedure with up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications and contraindications, and potential complications in an organized and practical format.
Effect of sublethal temperatures on pulsed light inactivation of bacteria

Abstract This study investigated the effect of sublethal temperatures on the efficacy of pulsed light (PL) treatment for the inactivation of Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. A thin layer of clear, liquid phosphate buffer inoculated with one of the challenge organisms, at a concentration of about 108 CFU/mL, was equilibrated to a temperature ranging from 5 °C to 50 °C and then treated with PL, at doses between 1.02 and 12.29 J/cm2. All treatments were performed in triplicate. In the temperature range of 5 °C to 40 °C, the average maximum reductions for L. innocua, E. coli, P. fluorescens were 6.27 ± 0.23 log CFU, 6.66 ± 0.36 log CFU, and 6.15 ± 0.19 log CFU, respectively. Temperature did not affect PL inactivation of E. coli or P. fluorescens, but a modest synergistic effect between PL and temperature was observed for L. innocua treated above 40 °C. Industrial relevance This study suggests that PL inactivation of bacteria is independent of temperature in the sublethal range 5 °C to 40 °C. The practical benefit of this finding is that PL treatments can be conducted in a wide range of environmental temperatures, without any change in the outcome of the treatment.
Performance of some heat-sensitive differential agars prepared and melted by microwave energy.

The viable cell count performance of some heat-sensitive differential agars prepared and remelted by microwave energy was evaluated for Salmonella choleraesui , Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli . The conventional boiling method was used for comparison. No significant difference was found between the microwave oven processed agar and the conventional-boiling processed agar in viable cell counts of the target bacteria. Heating and reheating of violet red bile agar, bismuth sulfite agar, and KF Streptococcus agar by both methods did not change agar performance. However, remelting of desoxycholate citrate agar by both methods resulted in a substantial lowering of viable cell counts.
From Local to Global: Developing a Business Model for Indian MNCs to Achieve Global Competitive Advantage

In view of turbulent market responses, building resilient business models for global competitiveness is a crucial challenge for firms in emerging economies. This article examines how Indian firms c...
Abstract 16195: Does Accuracy of V Lead Electrode Placement Differ Based on Gender of Patient: Results of the Practical Use of the Latest Standards of Electrocardiography (PULSE) Trial

Introduction: Proper placement of ECG monitoring electrodes is essential. Misplacement off the designated site can alter waveform morphology and lead to misdiagnosis of arrhythmias and ischemia. St...
Elementary School Students' Health-Related Self-Beliefs.

OBJECTIVE: Increased action is needed to combat the growing epidemic of pediatric obesity. It is imperative that researchers investigate psychological and demographic variables that may be associated with pediatric obesity in order to formulate and implement more appropriate and effective interventions. The present study examined the univariate and multivariate relationships between child physical and psychological characteristics in a diverse sample of elementary students. METHODS: Questionnaires were collected from 109 students (63 girls, 46 boys; Mean age= 9.25 years) in grades 3-5 from two elementary schools in the Southeastern United States. Explanatory variables were gender, ethnicity, grade level, and body mass index; outcomes examined were self-reported life satisfaction, physical self-concept, social self-concept, general self-concept, eating self-efficacy, and exercise self-efficacy scores. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used. RESULTS: Correlations showed children with higher physical self-concept, social self-concept, general self-concept, and eating self-efficacy tend to have higher life satisfaction. Regressions revealed that African American students had a higher physical self-concept than both White and Hispanic students and older students had a higher perceived social self-concept than younger students. Multivariate regression results showed that the explanatory influence of gender, ethnicity, and grade level varied across outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: The strongest explanatory variables of children’s perceived life satisfaction, self-concept and self-efficacy were children’s characteristics (age, gender, and race). Interestingly, children’s psychological functioning was not found to be in direct relationship with their weight classification and children’s body mass index was not significantly related to most outcome variables.
A framework for executive function in the late elementary years.

Objective Executive function (EF) is a commonly used but difficult to operationalize construct. In this study, we considered EF and related components as they are commonly presented in the neuropsychological literature, as well as the literatures of developmental, educational, and cognitive psychology. These components have not previously been examined simultaneously, particularly with this level of comprehensiveness, and/or at this age range or with this sample size. We expected that the EF components would be separate but related, and that a bifactor model would best represent the data relative to alternative models. Method We assessed EF with 27 measures in a large sample (N = 846) of late elementary school-age children, many of whom were struggling in reading, and who were demographically diverse. We tested structural models of EF, from unitary models to methodological models, utilizing model-comparison factor analytic techniques. We examined both a common factor as well as a bifactor structure. Results Initial models showed strong overlap among several latent EF variables. The final model was a bifactor model with a common EF, and five specific EF factors (working memory-span/manipulation and planning; working memory-updating; generative fluency, self-regulated learning; metacognition). Conclusions Results speak to the commonality and potential separability of EF. These results are discussed in light of prevailing models of EF and how EF might be used for structure/description, prediction, and for identifying its mechanism for relevant outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
On the use of expert reasoning to enhance GLRT performance

This paper presents the use of tailored covariance matrix estimates that may differ for the three components of the GLRT. These components are an adaptive filter and two different quadratic forms that function as a limiter and a detector. Expert reasoning is used to optimize the covariance matrix in each component.
Air Quality Considered Site Selection for New Chemical Plants

Abstract Geographic allocation of chemical plants significantly affects industrial business sustainability as well as regional environmental sustainability. According to site selection rules, the air quality impact to surrounding communities for a newly constructed chemical plant must be taken into account. To address this issue, regional background air-quality information, new plant emissions, and local statistical meteorological conditions have to be simultaneously considered. Based on that, the potential air-quality impacts from candidate sites of a new chemical plant can be thoroughly evaluated and the final site determination can be optimized to minimize air-quality impacts based on the likelihood of local meteorological conditions. In this paper, a systematic methodology for this purpose has been developed. It includes the modeling and optimization work to apply Monte Carlo optimization for optimal site selection of new chemical plants with their given emission data. This study can not only determine the potential impact for the distribution of new chemical plants with respect to regional statistical meteorological conditions, but also identify an optimal site for each new chemical plant with the minimal environment impact to surrounding communities. Case studies are employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the developed methodology.
Information Network Construction and Alignment from Automatically Acquired Comparable Corpora

In this paper we describe a novel approach to discover cross-lingual comparable corpora based on video comparison. Then we propose a new task to extract and align information networks from comparable corpora. As a case study we demonstrate the effectiveness of utilizing bi-lingual information networks, we present a weakly-supervised and language-independent approach to mine name translation pairs. Based on the fact that some certain types of expressions are written in language-independent forms, we generate seed pairs automatically. Starting from these seeds, we then apply a bootstrapping algorithm based on link comparison to mine more pairs iteratively. Results show that our approach can produce highly reliable name pairs. We also duplicate two state-of-the-art name translation mining methods and use two existing name translation gazetteers to compare with our approach. Comparisons show our approach can effectively augment the results from each of these alternative methods and resources.
Ab Initio IGLO Studies of the Conformational Dependence of the γ-Effect in the 13C NMR Spectra of Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Ab initio IGLO (individual gauge for localized molecular orbital) methods of SCF-MO theory are used to study and analyze the mathematical form of the angular dependence of the γ-effects which are often observed in the 13C NMR spectra of cyclic hydrocarbons. Isotropic 13C shielding calculations were performed as a function of dihedral angle for propane, n-butane, i-butane, 2-methylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane. Since γ-effects are usually determined as the chemical shift differences for a molecule in which a hydrogen is replaced by a substituent (e. g., methyl), three models are obtained by taking these molecules in pairs. The angular dependencies arising from each model are compared with the experimental data which have been reported for a series of rigid bicyclic molecules. Only the most general trends are followed by the simplest γ-effect model obtained from the n-butane/propane data. Better correspondence with the experimental data is found for models based on the 2-methylbutane and 2,3-dimethylbutane 13C shielding data. The asymmetry in the γ-effect as a function of dihedral angle is in agreement with the experimental data and shows that the γ-effect depends both on dihedral angle and stereochemistry.
MACHINE LANGUAGE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

Although there are many different machine languages, many concepts are common to all of these languages. Some of the common ideas are binary arithmetic, index registers, memory addresses, floating-point arithmetic, control operations, and logical operations. This chapter presents these ideas by discussing IBM 7090. These ideas can be easily extended to a variety of other machines. The IBM 7090 has a simple structure and most of what is relevant to the description of any other large computer. The chapter focuses on the central part of the computer, namely, the central processing unit (CPU) and the memory. The memory contains numbers and instructions. Information to be used by a computer can be stored on a number of different devices. Magnetic tape, magnetic disks, or magnetic cores are some of the more common memories used in computers. The contents of the memory can be represented in the binary notation or they can be represented in the equivalent octal notation. The memory is divided into words. A word consists of 36 bits in the IBM 7090.
Factors Associated with Photovoltaic System Costs (Topical Issues Brief)

A variety of factors can affect the cost of photovoltaic systems. This report analyses the relationship among such factors by using information entered into a voluntary registry of PV systems and performing regression analyses. The results showed statistically significant relationships between photovoltaic system cost and (a) grid connection, (b) installation year, (c) areas where the utility had entered into volume purchasing agreements.
Mining Twitter Data for Potential Drug Effects

Adverse drug reactions have become one of the top causes of deaths. For surveillance of adverse drug events, patients have gradually become involved in reporting their experiences with medications through the use of dedicated and structured systems. The emerging of social networking provides a way for patients to describe their drug experiences online in less-structured free text format. We developed a computational approach that collects, processes and analyzes Twitter data for drug effects. Our approach uses a machine-learning-based classifier to classify personal experience tweets, and use NLM’s MetaMap software to recognize and extract word phrases that belong to drug effects. Our results on 5 medications demonstrate the validity of our approach, and its ability to correctly extract potential drug effects from the Twitter data. It is conceivable that social media data can serve to complement and/or supplement traditional time-consuming and costly surveillance methods.
Application of centrifugal washing for fine-coal cleaning

Froth flotation is now the most commonly used method for cleaning fine-coal fractions in coal-preparation plants. Past research and industrial practice have demonstrated that froth flotation achieves excellent separation efficiencies for fine coals having only a small fraction of middling particles. However, the efficiency of froth flotation decreases sharply as the concentration of middling particles increases. This is due to the flotation of high-ash particles that have a small amount of hydrophobic coal present at the surface. Because gravity-based processes are much more efficient for the treatment of middlings, the application of centrifugal washing for fine-coal cleaning was studied with an emphasis on the primary cleaning of fine-circuit feed. Results are shown of a parametric study that used a semibatch Falcon centrifugal concentrator. The results of the study revealed that separation performance is a function of particle size, bowl geometry, feed solids content and feed rate. 10 refs., 5 figs.
More Is Less: The Advantages of Performing Concurrent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for Pediatric Choledocholithiasis.

Abstract Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are standard of care for pediatric choledocholithiasis. Patients typically undergo...
Complications of femoral versus radial access in neuroendovascular procedures with propensity adjustment.

Background The transradial artery (TRA) approach for neuroendovascular procedures continues to gain popularity, but neurointerventionalists still lag behind interventional cardiologists in the adoption of a TRA-first approach. This study compares the complications and efficiency of the TRA approach to the standard transfemoral artery (TFA) approach at our institution during our initial phase of adopting a TRA-first approach. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on all consecutive neuroangiographic procedures performed at a large cerebrovascular center from October 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. The standard TFA approach was compared with TRA access, with the primary outcome of complications analyzed via a propensity-adjusted analysis. Results A total of 1050 consecutive procedures were performed on 877 patients during this 9-month period; 206 (20%) procedures were performed via TRA and 844 (80%) via TFA. The overall complication rate was significantly higher with the TFA procedures than with the TRA procedures (7% (60/844) vs 2% (4/206), respectively; p=0.003). A propensity-adjusted analysis showed that the TFA approach was a significant risk factor for a complication (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 10.2, p=0.01). However, the propensity analysis showed that fluoroscopy times were on average 4 min less for TFA procedures than for TRA procedures (p=0.003). Conclusion The TRA approach for neuroendovascular procedures appears to be safer than the TFA approach. Although a steep learning curve is initially encountered when adopting the TRA approach, the transition to a TRA-first practice can be performed safely for neurointerventional procedures and may reduce complications.
Emulating Target Clinical Trials of Radical Nephrectomy With or Without Lymph Node Dissection for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract Objective To emulate two target clinical trials of radical nephrectomy (RN) with lymph node dissection (LND) vs radical nephrectomy alone. Methods Using the National Cancer Database, we separately emulated an index trial of patients with cT1-3cN0cM0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC), designed to resemble EORTC 30881 (“index trial emulation”), and a hypothetical trial of patients at increased risk for lymph node metastases with cT1-4cN0-1cM0 RCC (“high-risk trial emulation”). A propensity score for LND was estimated using preoperative features (Model 1) or preoperative and pathologic features (Model 2). The associations of LND with overall survival (OS) were estimated using Cox regression with stabilized inverse probability weights. Results A total of 67,388 patients were included in the index trial emulation. Median follow-up was 49.2 (interquartile range 27.2-74.3) months. LND was not associated with improved OS when adjusting using either Model 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.33; P Conclusion In observational analyses, that emulate target trials representing EORTC 30881 and a trial of LND in high-risk RCC, LND was not associated with improved OS.
Chapter 68 – Reflux Nephropathy

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common congenital urological abnormality in children and is most often diagnosed after an episode of urinary tract infection (UTI). Reflux nephropathy (RN) is the renal scarring associated with VUR. VUR may be congenital, a result of abnormal renal development leading to focal renal dysplasia, or acquired, from pyelonephritis-induced renal injury. The overriding hypothesis about the VUR-UTI link has been that VUR increases the risk of recurrent UTIs and renal scarring and the associated subsequent morbidity, although the exact mechanism for renal scarring following UTI is not known. The complications of renal scarring are more common in adults. Complications include proteinuria, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and ESRD. The recently completed RIVUR trial was designed to investigate whether antimicrobial prophylaxis prevents UTI in children with VUR, or leads to a reduction in renal scarring. The trial results should enhance our understanding of VUR and the risk for RN, and lead to appropriately tailored management of individuals with VUR.
Medical information, health sciences librarians, and professional liability

As a gatekeeper to medical literature and a critical link in the delivery of information to physicians, the librarian's role raises the issue of the librarian's professional liability. The paper suggests several ways in which liability may attach to the librarian or the librarian's employers. Although the librarian's personal risk is negligible, the physician's exposure due to ineffective library work is substantial since the courts have held that a physician must keep abreast of progress in his field. Librarians can also become associated with professional liability actions as part of a case against a physician or hospital through the legal doctrine of vicarious liability. The paper concludes by suggesting several proactive steps for health sciences librarians to pursue to insulate themselves from professional liability and to insulate physicians and institutions from vicarious liability.
Conclusion: Remedies for Disguised Plagiarism

This short chapter concludes a book-length study of under-recognized forms of disguised plagiarism. All varieties of disguised plagiarism possess some additional concealment beyond the mere copying of words with inadequate attribution. The book focused on six types of disguised plagiarism: translation, compression, dispersal, magisterial, exposition, and template plagiarism. This concluding chapter identifies resources that assist editors, publishers, and whistleblowers in maintaining the integrity of the body of published research.
Self-nature representations: On the unique consequences of nature-self size on pro-environmental action

Abstract In three studies, we investigated the consequences of self-nature representations for pro-environmental action, focusing on the role of viewing nature as relatively larger than the self (i.e., nature-self size; NSS). Drawing on theories from the self, prosocial behavior, and emotions literatures, we anticipated that NSS would make unique contributions above and beyond inclusion of nature in self (INS) in predicting behaviors, beliefs, and emotions associated with conservation outcomes. In Study 1, greater INS and greater NSS uniquely predicted greater biospheric concern, performing more conservation behaviors, and holding more pro-environmental beliefs. However, only seeing nature as relatively larger than the self (NSS) uniquely predicted greater self-transcendence, stronger beliefs in anthropogenic climate change, and holding more liberal ideologies. Study 2 manipulated NSS without altering INS, consistent with a distinction between these two self-nature representations, and it found that increasing NSS inspired stronger prosocial emotions. Finally, Study 3 explored whether these size effects might be driven by views of nature size, self size, or their relative differences, and nature size provided the best account. In addition to suggesting a unique role for nature-self size and discussing how particular facets of nature-self size might matter in different contexts, the current work builds conceptual bridges with several psychological literatures and suggests new avenues for pro-environmental interventions.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs

Few studies have incorporated the evolutionary insights provided by analysis of phylogenetic structure along with community composition to assess the effects of exotic invasion on freshwater wetlands. Here, we assess the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among acid seep springs to investigate the potential homogenization or resistance of communities due to invasion of an exotic grass. Multivariate community analyses indicated differences in community and phylogenetic composition and dispersion among acid seep springs, associated with gradients in soil moisture, canopy cover, and phylogenetic diversity. By contrast, univariate analyses showed differences in taxonomic diversity but not phylogenetic diversity among acid seep springs. Despite exotic invasion, individual acid seep springs remained taxonomically and phylogenetically distinct from each other. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity metrics revealed different aspects of composition, reinforcing the importance of including both in analyses of plant communities for understanding community assembly following exotic invasion and for management purposes. Within acid seep springs, taxonomic and phylogenetic composition appear to be driven more through environmental filtering by light and moisture than by the competitive effects following invasion of an exotic grass in support of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis.
Efficient Laser Performance Using a Microoptic Based Pump Source

A 19% wall plug efficient cw 3.7 watt TEM00 Nd:YVO4 laser was demonstrated using a GaP microlens-coupled diode bar pump. Pump and solid-state laser scaling will be discussed.
Thyme Oil Enhances the Inactivation of Salmonella enterica on Raw Chicken Breast Meat During Marination in Lemon Juice With Added Yucca schidigera Extract.

Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica can survive in low pH conditions and pose a food safety threat during marinating of raw poultry meat. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of thyme oil for killing S. enterica on raw chicken during marination in lemon juice containing yucca extract. Samples of raw chicken breast were inoculated with a five-serovar mixture of S. enterica (~108 CFU/mL) and immersed for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h in four lemon-based marinades at 22°C: lemon juice alone (L), L with added 0.5% yucca extract (L + Y), L + Y and 0.5% thyme oil (L + Y + 0.5% TO) and L + Y + 1.0% TO. The L and L + Y served as controls. Survivors were determined by surface plating chicken homogenates on xylose-lysine tergitol-4 (XLT4) agar and XLT4 agar overlaid with non-selective agar (TAL) and counting bacterial colonies after 48 h of incubation (35°C). Marinades containing Y and TO significantly reduced initial viable populations of S. enterica compared to control (L and L + Y) solutions (P 0.05). The death rate of S. enterica increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the marinades containing TO (0.5 or 1.0%) compared to control (L + Y). Based on these results, thyme oil has good potential to increase the antimicrobial efficacy of lemon juice marinade against Salmonella on raw chicken breast and enhance the microbial safety of this popular poultry product.
Glutaminase A of Escherichia coli REACTIONS WITH THE SUBSTRATE ANALOGUE, 6-DIAZO-5-OXONORLEUCINE

Abstract Glutaminase A isolated from Escherichia coli reacts with the glutamine analogue, 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine, in two ways: (a) it catalyzes hydrolysis of the C5—C6 bond to yield glutamic acid and diazomethane; and (b) a group at the active site of the enzyme becomes irreversibly alkylated by the intact carbon chain of the analogue. The reactions are thought to occur through association of the compound with the substrate binding site followed by acid catalyzed attack of an enzyme group either at C5 to yield glutamic acid and diazomethane, or at C6, to inhibit the enzyme. The ratio of rate of hydrolysis to that of alkylation is about 70. Diazomethane was identified by observing that both the reaction product from diazo-oxo[6-14C]norleucine and [14C]diazomethane itself react with water and with benzoic acid to give labeled methanol and methyl benzoate in the same ratio.
NON‐COOPERATIVE ENTRY DETERRENCE IN LICENSE AUCTIONS: DYNAMIC VERSUS SEALED BID*

We examine the impact of potential entry on incumbent bidding behavior in license auctions, in both dynamic and sealed bid formats. Unlike sealed bid auctions, dynamic auctions reveal information about the identities of potential winners and allow bidders to revise their bids. This helps incumbents to coordinate their entry deterrence efforts. If entry is sufficiently costly for each incumbent, only the dynamic auction has an equilibrium where entry is deterred for sure. Numerical calculations suggest that, regardless of how costly entry is for each incumbent, sealed bid auctions can generate a higher probability of entry as well as a more efficient allocation.
Secondary electron transfer in chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata A1a pho. Binary out-of-phase oscillations in ubisemiauinone formation and cytochrome b50 reduction with consective light flashes.

It is now well established that in isolated photochemical reaction centres of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain R26, a gating mechanism operates in the reduction of exogenous ubiquinone (a 2 electron carrier) by the primary acceptor complex (a 1 electron carrier) [ 1,2]. In chromatophores the situation is less well defined. An oscillation in proton uptake with flash number (l-2 H+/reaction centre taken up on even numbered flashes, none on odd numbered flashes) was observed [3] in Rps. sphaeroides carotenoidless strain R26 at pH 7.5 but not in strain Ga which contains carotenoid. In Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores, no oscillation in proton uptake with flash number was observed [4], but proton release to a carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) accessible phase oscillated with a periodicity of 2. Binary oscillations in the semiquinone signal and in the slow phase of the electrochromic shift of the carotenoid spectrum with flash number have been observed in chromatophores of
Mental Health Workforce Change Through Social Work Education: A California Case Study

The 2004 CaliforniaMental Health Services Act requires large-scale system change in the public mental health system through a shift to recovery-oriented services for diverse populations. This article describes an innovative strategy for workforce recruitment and retention to create and sustain these systemic changes. The California Social Work Education Center Mental Health Program provides stipends to master's of social work students at 17 California universities. In return, students must work for 1 year postgraduation in community mental health practice. Results of a 5-year study show that stipend recipients closely mirror the diverse demographics of the state, and 94% have remained in community mental health practice. The article also discusses lessons learned and implications for social work education in California and other states. Gwen Foster is director of the Mental Health Program and Meghan Brenna Morris and Sirojudin Sirojudin are doctoral candidates at the University of California, Berkeley. Th...
A Second Evaluation of the Speaking Fundamental Frequency Characteristics of Post-Adolescent Girls

Normative data on the speaking fundamental frequency characteristics (SFF) of 467 post-adolescent girls are presented—160 from the present study combined with 307 from previous research by Michel, Hollien and Moore (the two groups were combined to provide a representative experimental population). The mean fundamental frequencies for the three age groups studied were found to be 215.7, 213.9 and 211.5 c.p.s. respectively. These data are in general agreement with those of similar studies for other age groups and would indicate that most girls probably (1) undergo voice change before the fifteenth year and (2) attain reasonably stable adult voices during the immediate post-pubescent period.
Reassociation of Deoxyribonucleic Acids from Actinoplanes and Other Actinomycetes

The ability of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from a number of actinomycetes to reassociate with reference DNA from Actinoplanes philippinensis or Streptomyces venezuelae has been measured. All of the DNA preparations except for those from Nocardia erythropolis and Thermomonospora viridis contained 70 to 73 moles per cent guanine and cytosine. DNA from two species of Actinoplanes, two species of Dactylosporangium, and Ampullariella digitata formed extensive thermally stable duplexes with the Actinoplanes philippinensis reference. DNA from streptomycetes formed duplexes with the A. philippinensis reference, but these duplexes possessed low thermal stability. DNA from N. erythropolis and T. viridis did not bind significant amounts of this reference DNA. Only DNA from Streptomyces albus, Streptoverticillium baldaccii, and Microellobosporia flavea appreciably bound the Streptomyces venezuelae reference. Our results separate the actinomycetes forming sporangia into two groups: the first group contained Actinoplanes, Dactylosporangium, and Ampullariella; the second group contained Planomonospora, Spirillospora, and Streptosporangium.
Airborne Laser Swath Mapping: Achieving the resolution and accuracy required for geosurficial research

[1] Modern Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM) instrumentation, with laser pulse rates in excess of 100,000 Hz, has made it possible to map topography over hundreds of square kilometers per day, with sufficient resolution to answer long standing questions and test new theories pertaining to land surface processes. But sensor technology is changing rapidly, and its operation is sufficiently complex that data collection and processing methods must continue to evolve to take advantage of sensor advances. In 2003, the National Science Foundation established the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) to collect and process ALSM data. As a result, more research-quality ALSM observations have become available to the earth science community. But as the amount of available ALSM data rapidly increases, it becomes imperative to identify and describe the parameters that control data quality, so that data sets may be evaluated as to whether they are adequate for particular applications.
Membrane mobility and the Concanavalin A binding system of the plasmalemma of higher plant protoplasts

The binding of a colloidal gold-Concanavalin A (ConA) complex to the plasmalemma of tobacco leaf protoplasts has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. At 5° C the particles of gold-ConA appear to be randomly distributed over the surface of the protoplast. If the temperature is raised, the particles associate into clusters. Saturation of the membrane with particles can only occur when the weight of ConA in solution exceeds 1 μg/104 protoplasts in suspension, and when its concentration exceeds 15 μg/ml. These results are discussed in terms of the properties of the ConA binding site and the mobility of such sites within the membrane surface.
Breast tissue classification in digital tomosynthesis images based on global gradient minimization and texture features

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a pseudo-three-dimensional x-ray imaging modality proposed to decrease the effect of tissue superposition present in mammography, potentially resulting in an increase in clinical performance for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Tissue classification in DBT images can be useful in risk assessment, computer-aided detection and radiation dosimetry, among other aspects. However, classifying breast tissue in DBT is a challenging problem because DBT images include complicated structures, image noise, and out-of-plane artifacts due to limited angular tomographic sampling. In this project, we propose an automatic method to classify fatty and glandular tissue in DBT images. First, the DBT images are pre-processed to enhance the tissue structures and to decrease image noise and artifacts. Second, a global smooth filter based on L0 gradient minimization is applied to eliminate detailed structures and enhance large-scale ones. Third, the similar structure regions are extracted and labeled by fuzzy C-means (FCM) classification. At the same time, the texture features are also calculated. Finally, each region is classified into different tissue types based on both intensity and texture features. The proposed method is validated using five patient DBT images using manual segmentation as the gold standard. The Dice scores and the confusion matrix are utilized to evaluate the classified results. The evaluation results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method for classifying breast glandular and fat tissue on DBT images.
Radiation-associated Synovial Sarcoma Arising in the Digestive Tract: A Case Report and Literature Review

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/40-1-5285 Synovial sarcoma of the digestive tract is an extremely rare tumor. Only 12 cases were reported; none of these was in the gastroduodenal region. Radiation therapy is well known for its long-term carcinogenesis, especially of soft tissue sarcomas. Only four cases of radiation-associated synovial sarcoma have been reported. We report a case of primary gastroduodenal synovial sarcoma in a 54-year-old woman who was treated for Hodgkin’s lymphoma at age 35, using external radiation to the mantle field and the paraortic strip (including abdominal paraaortic nodes). She presented with epigastric pain and sensation of fullness, associated with loss of appetite and weight. An upper endoscopy showed a distal gastric mass extending to the post-pulpal duodenum; a tissue biopsy of the mass showed monophasic synovial sarcoma with positive epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The diagnosis was confirmed when reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated the presence of a SYT-SSX fusion transcript. She underwent total duodenectomy and partial gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy. After surgery she regained her appetite and started gaining weight. She has been symptom-free for 7 months after the surgery.
The Electronic Spectrum of the Prephenate Dianion. An Experimental and Theoretical (MD/QM) Comparison

Prephenate is the product of a Claisen rearrangement of chorismate. The enzyme chorismate mutase (CM from B. subtilis) accelerates the reaction by a factor of 106. The standard method for quantifyi...
AGU to Launch a New Open‐Access Journal Spanning the Earth and Space Sciences

AGU is pleased to announce a new, fully open-access journal, Earth and Space Science (ESS), that will reflect the expansive range of science represented by AGU's members. ESS will publish research papers spanning all of the Earth, planetary, and space sciences, including related fields in environmental science, geoengineering, space engineering, and biogeochemistry.
An Attempt At A Consentience Regarding Formal Leadership

Given the importance of leadership in organizations, an attempt to integrate the many disparate concepts and constructs related to this topic is long overdue. With that goal in mind, an integrative framework was created that focuses on three distinct levels of abstraction- big leadership, mid-range leadership, and small leadership. Within this tripartite taxonomy, an attempt was made to reconcile some vexing issues that have been frustrating academics and practitioners alike.Big leadership is viewed as transformational in nature, requiring a charismatic visionary being in the right place at the right time. Both mid-range and small leadership, however, are transactional in nature, but small leadership is so to a fault.Our approach to mid-range leadership theory attempts to identify the important dimensions of transactional leadership, differentiate the normative from the situational ones, and specify the conditions under which the situational leadership factors apply.In our framework, small leadership cons...
Promote Academic Engagement and Communication of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Inclusive Settings

116 This article describes 20 strategies to facilitate the participation and learning of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in inclusive settings. Note that although the majority of strategies and accommodations suggested are communication-building techniques geared specifically toward students with ASD, they also reflect sound principles of good teaching and therefore serve to benefit most learners in an inclusive classroom.
Vaginal douching and development of bacterial vaginosis among women with normal and abnormal vaginal microflora.

Objectives:To evaluate the relationship between douching and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among women with and without prior abnormal vaginal flora.Study Designs:1193 women had vaginal swabs obtained for Gram stain for BV, culture for vaginal microflora, and DNA amplification for Neisseria gonorrhoeae a
Noncardiac Chest Pain: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is not only a difficult disorder to define but is also complex in characterization and treatment. Patients with NCCP are a challenge to primary care and subspecialty services such as cardiology and gastroenterology. NCCP is often a heterogeneous disorder with many potential causes including gastroenterologic diagnoses. This article presents the current evidence for gastroesophageal reflux disease as a cause of NCCP and highlights the best currently available tests for this group of patients.
Statistical diagnosis of lumbar spine disorders using computerized patient pain drawings

Abstract Discriminant analysis is applied to 250 quantified low back patient pain drawings to study the ability of a computerized statistical method for classifying novel cases into one of five clinically-significant lumbar spine disorders. Tests on independent data were 46.2 percent (%) correct overall. Benign disorder (55.6%), herniated disc (51.7%), and psychogenic (56.3%) pain drawings were more accurately discriminated than the spinal stenosis (32.2%) and underlying disorder cases (35.2%). It is concluded that computerized patient pain drawings provide valid “initial impressions” of lumbar spine disorders. Further research is suggested to better distinguish between herniated disc and spinal stenosis pain descriptions, and for better recognition of serious underlying disorder pain drawings.