cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Living on Standby: Endurance and Anticipation in Chile's Aconcagua Valley

Resumen La industria de exportacion fruticola en Chile entro al mercado internacional hace tres decadas y es hoy dia citado como ejemplo de un solido crecimiento economico en el pais. Sin embargo, una mirada mas cercana nos demuestra que los y las trabajadores temporeras enfrentan una creciente incertidumbre y precariedad laboral en un calendario laboral fragmentado. Los meses de invierno son caracterizados por el desempleo y endeudamiento que restringen las posibilidades de planificacion a corto y mediano plazo. Este estudio esta basado en una investigacion etnografica realizada en el Valle del Aconcagua de Chile, una region productora de uvas de mesa durante el verano austral. Aqui se examina las maneras en que las temporeras agricolas llegan a fin de mes durante el invierno y como forjan las subjetividades dentro de un contexto neoliberal. La investigacion nos revela como los objetos materiales y la maternidad facilitan la perseverancia y proveen un contorno emocional-aunque sea de corta duracion-que amortigua la incertidumbre cotidiana.
Trajectory Planning for Ship in Collision Situations at Sea by Evolutionary Computation

Abstract A modified version of the E/PN algorithm has been used for computing the optimum trajectory of a ship in a given environment. On the basis of this algorithm, a program estimating a safe trajectory of a ship in collision situation was developed. By taking into account certain boundaries of the manoeuvring region, along with navigation obstacles and other moving ships, the problem of avoiding collisions at sea was reduced to a dynamic optimisation task with static and dynamic constrains. The introduction of a time parameter and moving constrains representing the passed ships is the main distinction of the new system. Sample results of using the program for estimating the ship trajectory in typical navigation situations are given.
Nipple sparing mastectomy

Nipple-sparing mastectomy represents a further refinement of preservation of the native skin envelope of the breast and is applicable in both therapeutic and risk-reduction cases requiring mastectomy. This chapter reviews current strategies for patient selection and operative technique, and discusses recent outcomes data for early postoperative complications, including nipple loss as well as oncological safety. While long-term follow-up data are so far scarce, outcomes from large institutional cohorts continue to emerge with encouragingly low rates of recurrence in the conserved nipple-areola.
Health Communication| Operational and Conceptual Trends in Narrative Persuasion Research: Comparing Health- and Non-Health-Related Contexts

Interest in narrative persuasion has grown markedly since the turn of the 21st century, yet the concept of narrative at the center of this scholarly work remains a diffusely bounded construct. This study offers a moment of empirical reflection through a content analysis of peer-reviewed articles examining narrative persuasion in health- and non-health-related contexts to better define the conceptualizations and operationalizations of narrative that have been used to shape the direction and theorizing of narrative persuasion. We identify trends and potential biases in the literature, compare these patterns in studies focused on health-related topics and those targeting other issues, and suggest a variety of conceptualizations and possible relationships that may deserve more attention as this area of inquiry progresses.
Methylmercury and methane production potentials in North Carolina Piedmont stream sediments

Methylated mercury (MeHg) can be produced by all microbes possessing the genes hgcA and hgcB, which can include sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB), methane-producing archaea (MPA), and other anaerobic microbes. These microbial groups compete for substrates, including hydrogen and acetate. When sulfate is in excess, SRB can outcompete other anaerobic microbes. However, low concentrations of sulfate, which often occur in stream sediments, are thought to reduce the relative importance of SRB. Although SRB are regarded as the primary contributors of MeHg in many aquatic environments, their significance may not be universal, and stream sediments are poorly studied with respect to microbial Hg methylation. We evaluated suppression of methanogenesis by SRB and the potential contributions from SRB, MPA and other MeHg producing microbes (including FeRB) to the production of MeHg in stream sediments from the North Carolina Piedmont region. Lower methanogenesis rates were observed when SRB were not inhibited, however, application of a sulfate-reduction inhibitor stimulated methanogenesis. Greater MeHg production occurred when SRB were active. Other MeHg producing microbes (i.e., FeRB) contributed significantly less MeHg production than SRB. MPA produced MeHg in negligible amounts. Our results suggest that SRB are responsible for the majority of MeHg production and suppress methanogenesis in mid-order stream sediments, similar to other freshwater sediments. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the generality of these findings to streams in other regions, and to determine the mechanisms regulating sulfate and electron acceptor availability and other potential factors governing Hg methylation and methane production in stream sediments.
Cochlear Mechanics, Otoacoustic Emissions, and Medial Olivocochlear Efferents: Twenty Years of Advances and Controversies Along with Areas Ripe for New Work

Reviewed are progress, exciting new developments, and areas that need work. Topics considered are: Cochlear amplification is from energy injected into the traveling wave by outer-hair-cell somatic motility. Calcium-activated stereocilia motility does not work at high frequencies because of the slowness of calcium binding and unbinding. Cochlear mechanics and micromechanics in the apical half of the cochlea are different from in the base. Cochlear micromechanics and the multiple fluid drives to inner hair cell (IHC) stereocilia. Interaction of the multiple IHC fluid drives can explain phase reversals in auditory nerve fiber responses without phase reversals in basilar membrane responses. The mechanisms by which medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents change cochlear mechanics and micromechanics. The generation mechanisms for otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Distortion product OAEs (DPOAEs) travel backward by slow traveling waves. Stimulus frequency OAEs (SFOAEs) arise mainly from near the peak of the traveling wave. Using OAEs to reveal cochlear properties. Cochlear tuning is sharper in humans than in cats, guinea pigs, and chinchillas. Measuring MOC effects using changes in OAEs and the need for high OAE signal-to-noise ratios. MOC effects in humans. The role of MOC efferents in hearing. MOC activity makes it easier to hear signals in noise. MOC activity and selective attention. MOC activity reduces acoustic trauma.
Forage management and concentrate supplementation effects on performance of beef calves

Proper grazing management is the most effective practice to provide adequate forage quantity and quality to cow–calf systems, and optimise beef-calf performance in tropical and subtropical regions. Supplementation of beef calves is not a commonly used management practice in beef-cattle production, primarily because calves can benefit from the cow’s milk production to offset some limitations in forage quantity and quality. Creep-feeding and supplementation of early weaned calves are the two main strategies to supplement beef calves. Creep-feeding can be used to overcome limited herbage allowance, improve calves uniformity, supply extra nutrients for calves, provide adaptation to concentrate diets before weaning, and increase weaning weight. Early weaning is an effective management practice to increase the likelihood of re-breeding of first-calf beef heifers in the south-eastern USA; however, it was observed that concentrate supplementation is necessary for early weaned calves to achieve desirable levels of gain on pasture in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, concentrate supplementation during early stages of a calf life may permanently change calf development and performance in a process called ‘metabolic imprinting’. The metabolic imprinting concept in production agriculture is in the early stages of knowledge and further research should elucidate the benefits of this management practice in beef-cattle production.
The Non-Jewish Origin of Zionism

The State of Israel has always claimed that the Jews invented Zionism. This paper takes issue with this claim. It examines the religious conception and geopolitical gestation of Zionism in Europe. First, it traces the non-Jewish origin of Zionism to (1) the Reformation and Counter-Reformation conflict in Europe, (2) the rise of the Puritans in England and the English-Dutch commercial wars, and (3) the Anglo-French rivalry and Napoleon's attempt to estrange the Jews from their European and Ottoman rulers. Second, it outlines how British imperialist imperatives and religious motives ultimately forged Zionism as the “solution” to the “problems” they carefully help create and label the Eastern Question and the Jewish Question.
Anterior Interosseus Nerve Entrapment

The anterior interosseous nerve arises from the radial aspect of the median nerve 1–3 in. below the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Although it sends sensory fibers to the regional joints, the major distribution is to the long and deep flexor muscles of the fingers and the pronator quadratus muscle.
Assessment of Neurotoxicity via Chemical Perturbation of Axonal Transport

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with assessment of neurotoxicity via chemical perturbation of axonal transport. Neurons, unlike other mammalian cells, have long processes that often extend considerable distances from the cell body. This extraordinary structural makeup poses special problems for intra- and intercommunication for these cells. Neurons with its large processes are quite vulnerable to a variety of toxic chemicals. However, it is not yet clear if the chemical inhibition of axonal transport is a primary effect or occurs secondary to structural changes in nerve fibers. A number of studies have shown that interference with cellular energy (ATP) generation, Ca2+ concentration, and cytoskeletal integrity disrupts the axonal transport system. Chemicals that block retrogradely transported trophic signals, disrupt MAPS, and perturb oncogene expression have adverse effect on axonal transport. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of axonal transport and the adverse effect of selected neurotoxic agents. It reviews the progress of axonal transport that has been made in the past 60 years. This chapter also discusses in detail the effect of selected neurotoxic chemicals on axonal transport.
Good Financial Regulation: Changing the Process is Crucial

Good regulation can only come from having a vigorous public conversation on regulatory issues during normal times. Such an ongoing public exchange between regulators, the financial industry, and politicians would increase the probability of identifying emerging problems and the build-up of risks, and may also help forge a consensus in favor of preemptive remedial actions and interventions before stress on the financial system leads to crises. A few institutional changes that make the regulatory agencies financially and intellectually independent would help transform the current regulatory cycle and lead to a new type of engagement that would significantly raise the quality of supervision, regulation, and enforcement.The past half century, and especially the experience of the last four years, has raised a number of fundamental questions about the nature and effectiveness of financial oversight and the functioning of regulatory systems. It seems that we not only fail to see the buildup of risks, but indeed have to wait until they materialize before we see fit to take action. As a result, reforms are largely undertaken in the aftermath of crises, precisely when it is most difficult to be deliberative and the resources to enact and implement are difficult to garner. If regulation were any other type of good or service, we would say that assuring good quality was a serious problem. And as is the case with most quality control problems, the answer is to re-think the production process. In this essay, we offer a new vision of an improved production process for financial regulation. Good regulation can only come from having a vigorous public conversation on regulatory issues during normal times rather than in the heat of crises or in the midst of dealing with the economic and financial wreckage wrought by them. If such a conversation were possible, emerging concerns could be aired so that crises could be prevented or at least the severity of the fallout reduced. It would also drive the regulatory system to evolve in line with advances in technology and changes in the financial and nonfinancial sectors. And it would contribute to establishing and enforcing appropriate norms of behavior on all the players (including regulators). A few institutional changes would help transform the current regulatory cycle and lead to a new type of engagement that would significantly raise the quality of supervision, regulation, and enforcement.
Structuring Decisions Under Deep Uncertainty

Innovative research on decision making under ‘deep uncertainty’ is underway in applied fields such as engineering and operational research, largely outside the view of normative theorists grounded in decision theory. Applied methods and tools for decision support under deep uncertainty go beyond standard decision theory in the attention that they give to the structuring (also called framing) of decisions. Decision structuring is an important part of a broader philosophy of managing uncertainty in decision making, and normative decision theorists can both learn from, and contribute to, the growing deep uncertainty decision support literature.
Comparative evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban (riva) and enoxaparin (enox) for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients.

e18268Background: The current standard for VTE management in patients with active malignancy is low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are convenient options, but comparative data is lacking in cancer patients. Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted to identify patients with cancer treated with either enox or riva (institutional preferences) from December 2012 to April 2015. Patients were excluded if they received prophylactic dosing of enox, prior anticoagulation, transitioned to warfarin, or received anticoagulation for less than 15 days unless they had a bleeding event. Results: A total of 182 patients were included: enox (n = 97) and riva (n = 85). Median age was 65 years at initiation for riva vs 57 years for enox, p = 0.0007. Gender was similar between groups (54% male). Fifty-three percent (n = 97) had metastatic disease and 54% (n = 99) were actively receiving chemotherapy when diagnosed with initial VTE. Sixty-five percent (n = 119) were treated for ...
A 3-dimensional bioprinted tracheal segment implant pilot study: Rabbit tracheal resection with graft implantation

Abstract Objectives Surgical reconstruction of tracheal disease has expanded to include bioengineering and three dimensional (3D) printing. This pilot study investigates the viability of introducing a living functional tracheal replacement graft in a rabbit animal model. Methods Seven New Zealand White rabbits were enrolled and six completed participation (one intraoperative mortality). Tracheal replacement grafts were created by impregnating 3D printed biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) tracheal scaffolds with rabbit tracheal hyaline chondrocytes. 2 cm of native trachea was resected and the tracheal replacement graft implanted. Subjects were divided into two equal groups (n = 3) that differed in their time of harvest following implantation (three or six weeks). Tracheal specimens were analyzed with intraluminal telescopic visualization and histopathology. Results The two groups did not significantly differ in histopathology or intraluminal diameter. All sections wherein the implant telescoped over native trachea (anastomotic ends) contained adequate hyaline cartilage formation (i.e. chondrocytes within lacuna, surrounding extracellular matrix, and strong Safranin O staining). Furthermore, the PCL scaffold was surrounded by a thin layer of fibrous tissue. All areas without membranous coverage contained inadequate or immature cartilage formation with inflammation. The average intraluminal stenosis was 83.4% (range 34.2–95%). Conclusions We report normal cartilage growth in a tracheal replacement graft when chondrocytes are separated from the tracheal lumen by an intervening membrane. When no such membrane exists there is a propensity for inflammation and stenosis. These findings are important for future construction and implantation of tracheal replacement grafts. Level of evidence Not applicable: this is an in vivo animal trial.
Analytical (S)TEM Studies of Defects Associated with PID in Stressed Si PV Modules

We report the results of analytical transmission electron microscopy studies of defects associated with potential-induced degradation (PID) of a laboratory stressed multicrystalline silicon mini-module. Shunt defects were first identified using dark lock in thermography (DLIT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) electron beam induced current (EBIC) imaging. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) cross-section samples were then prepared of selected shunt defects using conventional focused ion beam (FIB) lift out techniques and examined by TEM and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The defects were identified as {111} planar defects and compositional mapping of the defects revealed elevated levels of both Na, expected from previous work, and also surprisingly O at some of the defect cores.
Dynamic Adaptive Protection for Distribution Systems in Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes

Reliable protection of distribution systems is becoming increasingly challenging with growing distributed energy resources (DERs) and microgrids. Existing adaptive overcurrent relaying (AOCR) schemes are vulnerable to DER ride-through and generally focus on only grid or islanded modes. This paper presents a dynamic AOCR scheme independent of external controllers to estimate relay pickup that ensures significantly less communication overhead. Existing and emerging challenges for the state-of-the-art are discussed and resolved using the proposed scheme. The reliability is tested using transient system models in Simulink for all combinations of state and fault types/impedances in a 15-bus distribution system.
A Remote Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machine Accelerator

In this paper, we present a Java-based environment to access Field-Programmable Custom Computing Ma-chine (FCCM) accelerators from a remote site. We developed a hardware/software interface which supports FPGAs connected to a server. This remote environment allows users to take full advantage of FCCM accelerators by accessing FCCMs in a remote server from a client machine. Rather than providing a comprehensive development environment for FPGA synthesis, placement and routing, users simply connect to a server that runs continuously like a mail server. We present results that demonstrate the merits of our remote FCCM. In our experiments, we executed the FCCM implementation of the Taylor Series on a remote server machine and transmitted data to be processed from a client machine. Our experiments show that the execution time for the remote FCCM is not constrained by the specialized processor, but rather by the network bandwidth. On a network with 300 Mbps upload speed, and 900 Mbps download speed, execution of an application on the remote FCCM with our remote framework, with two clients and two servers, can achieve 10X speedup over the execution of a software implementation of the same application on the local machine.
Banking market concentration and consumer credit constraints: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances

Consumer borrowing is a large and growing part of the American financial landscape, amounting to over $1.5 trillion in 2000, or 15 percent of GDP. This credit helps households improve the timing of consumption expenditure, allowing consumers to purchase goods and services when they are needed. Still, many households report being credit constrained, with requests for credit rejected or discouraged by potential lenders. Stiglitz and Weiss (1981) formalize models where credit is rationed in equilibrium, and Petersen and Rajan (1995) extend this model to banking markets with varying degrees of local competition. Local banking market competition can be thought of as one element of the more general set of factors influencing the ‘captivity’ of a bank’s consumer borrowers. This paper uses data from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances to empirically test the relationship between banking market concentration and households’ self-reported measures of credit rationing and constraint. There is strong evidence that more concentrated markets have fewer constrained borrowers, a result consistent with the Petersen-Rajan model of credit markets. Interest rates on consumer borrowing appear to decrease more sharply with age in competitive markets than in concentrated markets. This result is consistent with the cross-subsidization between new and existing borrowers that is central to the Petersen-Rajan model.
Writing for Publication in the JMHC: Follow the Yellow Brick Road

In this editorial, we address common writing errors observed in submissions for publication in the JMHC. We provide suggestions to those seeking publication of their work in JMHC on how to avoid these common pitfalls and improve the chances of their work being more favorably reviewed.
Collagenase Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats

Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most devastating stroke subtype with a high mortality rate. Currently there are no clinically approved therapeutic strategies decreasing mortality and improving quality of life for the ICH patients. Preclinical models mimicking human pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage are necessary to evaluate the potential effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches. Rodents are the most commonly used species for modeling stroke, including hemorrhagic stroke. This chapter focuses on describing the “collagenase” model of intracerebral hemorrhage on rats.
PhoP-Mediated Repression of the SPI1 Type 3 Secretion System in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.

ABSTRACT Salmonella must rapidly adapt to various niches in the host during infection. Relevant virulence factors must be appropriately induced, and systems that are detrimental in a particular environment must be turned off. Salmonella infects intestinal epithelial cells using a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). The system is controlled by three AraC-like regulators, HilD, HilC, and RtsA, which form a complex feed-forward loop to activate expression of hilA, encoding the main transcriptional regulator of T3SS structural genes. This system is tightly regulated, with many of the activating signals acting at the level of hilD translation or HilD protein activity. Once inside the phagosomes of epithelial cells, or in macrophages during systemic stages of disease, the SPI1 T3SS is no longer required or expressed. Here, we show that the PhoPQ two-component system, critical for intracellular survival, appears to be the primary mechanism by which Salmonella shuts down the SPI1 T3SS. PhoP negatively regulates hilA through multiple distinct mechanisms: direct transcriptional repression of the hilA promoter, indirect transcriptional repression of both the hilD and rtsA promoters, and activation of the small RNA (sRNA) PinT. Genetic analyses and electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggest that PhoP specifically binds the hilA promoter to block binding of activators HilD, HilC, and RtsA as a mechanism of repression. IMPORTANCESalmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens, causing an estimated 1.2 million illnesses per year in the United States. A key step in infection is the activation of the bacterial invasion machinery, which induces uptake of the bacterium into epithelial cells and leads to induction of inflammatory diarrhea. Upon entering the vacuolar compartments of host cells, Salmonella senses an environmental transition and represses the invasion machinery with a two-component system relevant for survival within the vacuole. This adaptation to specific host niches is an important example of how signals are integrated for survival of the pathogen.
Naa10P puts a brake on PGC1α and fat browning.

Beige fat serves as a substantial metabolic sink that dissipates energy and has consequently attracted much attention as a target for improving metabolic health. A recent study has provided a new molecular target, the N-terminal acetyltransferase Naa10p, for harnessing beige-fat biogenesis and improving whole-body energy homeostasis1.
Sexual Fluidity Behind Culture

Beyond traditional markers of age, sex, and medical history, social identities such as nationality, socioeconomic status, and sexuality are relevant to a person’s health status and prognoses. Therefore, the field of sexual medicine is strongly encouraged to include an exploration of patients’ sexual identity within the scope of routine clinical assessments. Sexual identity involves many overlapping dimensions and is directly influenced by a person’s social and cultural context. While many components of sexual identity are considered stable, the literature demonstrates that there is consistent and reliable evidence for changes in adults’ sexual attraction referred to as sexual fluidity. Distinct from bisexuality, sexual fluidity can inform everything from behavior to fantasy, without necessarily impacting orientation or identity. Women and LGB folks are most likely to experience sexual fluidity. Through this chapter, the reader can expect a thorough exploration of the patterns, pathways, and perspectives on sexual fluidity. Such exploration allows medical practitioners to consider their role in providing medical and social support for sexually fluid patients, with the ultimate goal of ensuring that persons of all sexual identities are able to access competent and informed healthcare.
Energiewende auf dem Dach — Siedlungsstrukturelle Informationen als Grundlage zur Berechnung des Solarpotenzials auf Wohngebäuden

In Abhangigkeit von den siedlungsstrukturellen Merkmalen Gebaudetyp, Siedlungstyp und Daehform wird das Photovoltaik (PV)-Potenzial auf den Dachern von Wohngebauden der Stadt Hamburg exakt analysiert. Das Solardachkataster von Hamburg wird hierzu nach Dachformen, Gebaude- und Siedlungstypen differenziert ausgewertet, um Zusammenhange zwischen Photovoltaik-Potenzial einerseits sowie Gebaudetyp, Siedlungstyp, Dachform und Gebaudeorientierung andererseits aufzuzeigen. Ausgehend von Gebaudegrundrissen werden dabei die Gebaude- und Siedlungstypen sowie die Gebaudeorientierungen mittels geometrischer und GIS-gestutzter Verfahren hergeleitet. Auf Basis dieser Datengrundlage sowie zusatzlicher Informationen uber den Gebaudebestand einer Raumeinheit lasst sich deren gebaudeintegriertes PV-Potenzial exakter bestimmen als mit bisherigen Verfahren, die ausschlieslich auf statistischen Informationen uber den Gebaudebestand beruhen.
Occupational Interests of Visually Handicapped Secondary Students

The Occupational Schedule (OASIS-IS) was administered to 117 visually handicapped 8th–12th graders. As a group they showed positive though relatively undifferentiated occupational interests. Inclin...
The analysis of adhesively bonded advanced composite joints using joint finite elements

The design and sizing of adhesively bonded joints has always been a major bottleneck in the design of composite vehicles. Dense finite element (FE) meshes are required to capture the full behavior of a joint numerically, but these dense meshes are impractical in vehicle-scale models where a course mesh is more desirable to make quick assessments and comparisons of different joint geometries. Analytical models are often helpful in sizing, but difficulties arise in coupling these models with full-vehicle FE models. Therefore, a joint FE was created which can be used within structural FE models to make quick assessments of bonded composite joints. The shape functions of the joint FE were found by solving the governing equations for a structural model for a joint. By analytically determining the shape functions of the joint FE, the complex joint behavior can be captured with very few elements. This joint FE was modified and used to consider adhesives with functionally graded material properties to reduce the peel stress concentrations located near adherend discontinuities. Several practical concerns impede the actual use of such adhesives. These include increased manufacturing complications, alterations to the grading due to adhesive flow during manufacturing, and whether changing the loading conditions significantly impact the effectiveness of the grading. An analytical study is conducted to address these three concerns. Furthermore, proof-of-concept testing is conducted to show the potential advantages of functionally graded adhesives. In this study, grading is achieved by strategically placing glass beads within the adhesive layer at different densities along the joint. Furthermore, the capability to model non-linear adhesive constitutive behavior with large rotations was developed, and progressive failure of the adhesive was modeled by re-meshing the joint as the adhesive fails. Results predicted using the joint FE was compared with experimental results for various joint configurations, including double cantilever beam and single lap joints.
Within-person changes in cancer-related distress predict breast cancer survivors' inflammation across treatment.

Abstract Background Among breast cancer survivors, elevated inflammation has been linked to greater recurrence risk. Psychological processes, such as cancer-related distress, can pose threats to a survivor’s longevity and wellbeing. Although distress can heighten inflammation, little is known about how fluctuations in distress during and after treatment impact a woman’s own inflammation – the primary question of this study. Methods Breast cancer survivors (n = 165, stages 0-III) completed a baseline visit before treatment and two follow-up visits 6 and 18 months after. At each visit, women completed the Impact of Events Scale to assess cancer-related distress, and a blood sample was collected to measure proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8. This longitudinal study related fluctuations in survivor’s own cancer-related distress (i.e., within-person effects), as well as average effects of cancer-related distress between survivors (i.e., between-person effects) to inflammatory changes across visits. Results Women had elevated inflammation at visits where they expressed more cancer-related distress than what was typical. In contrast, the average cancer-related distress was not associated with inflammation. Conclusion Larger increases in a women’s cancer-related distress was linked with higher inflammation across visits. Comparing a survivor’s own cancer-related distress to her average levels may prove useful in identifying links between distress and inflammation.
MRT bei limbischer Enzephalitis – Spezifische Befunde bei einer klinisch relativ eindeutigen Form einer autoimmunen Enzephalitis?

Typische MRT-Veranderungen bei limbischer Enzephalitis (LE) sind FLAIR- bzw. T2-Hyperintensitaten und Volumenzunahmen (Schwellungen) in temporomesialen Strukturen (insbesondere der Amygdala), die sich im Verlauf dynamisch darstellen konnen (bilateral oder seitenwechselnd, zu- bzw. abnehmend). Die Rolle der Bildgebung ist es, den klinischen Verdacht auf eine LE zu verstarken, noch bevor der Antikorperstatus bekannt ist. Dabei geht es auch darum, wesentliche Differenzialdiagnosen (periiktale MRT-Veranderungen, Herpes-simplex-Virus-Enzephalitis oder Tumoren) fruh unwahrscheinlich zu machen. Zwar unterscheidet die Bildgebung nicht zwischen limbischen Autoimmunenzephalitiden (meist mit Antikorpern gegen Antigene auf neuralen Oberflachen, z. B. Anti-LGI1-Enzephalitis) und autoimmun-assoziierten Epilepsien bei LE (oft mit Antikorpern gegen intrazellulare neurale Antigene, z. B. bei LE mit GAD-Antikorpern). Die MRT ist aber in der Lage, Verlaufe zu dokumentieren, seien es rucklaufige temporomesiale Veranderungen (z. B. nach erfolgreicher Therapie) oder die Entwicklung einer Hippocampussklerose.
Implementing multiwavelength fringe tracking for the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer’s phase sensor, PHASECam

PHASECam is the fringe tracker for the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI). It is a near-infrared camera that is used to measure both tip/tilt and fringe phase variations between the two adaptive optics-corrected apertures of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Tip/tilt and phase sensing are currently performed in the H (1.65 μm) and K (2.2 μm) bands at 1 kHz, but only the K-band phase telemetry is used to send corrections to the system in order to maintain fringe coherence and visibility. However, due to the cyclic nature of the fringe phase, only the phase, modulo 360 deg, can be measured. PHASECam’s phase unwrapping algorithm, which attempts to mitigate this issue, occasionally fails in cases of fast, large phase variations or low signal-to-noise ratio. This can cause a fringe jump in which case the optical path difference correction will be incorrect by a wavelength. This can currently be manually corrected by the operator. However, as the LBTI commissions further modes that require robust, active phase control and for which fringe jumps are harder to detect, including multiaxial (Fizeau) interferometry and dual-aperture nonredundant aperture masking interferometry, a more reliable and automated solution is desired. We present a multiwavelength method of fringe jump capture and correction that involves direct comparison between the K-band and H-band phase telemetry. We demonstrate the method utilizing archival PHASECam telemetry, showing it provides a robust, reliable way of detecting fringe jumps that can potentially recover a significant fraction of the data lost to them.
Associations between learning analytics dashboard exposure and motivation and self-regulated learning

Abstract Learning analytics dashboards (LADs) are intended to give relevant information to students and other stakeholders to inform potential next steps in the learning process. The current study examines the relationship between information indirectly presented through academic advisors' use of LADs, and college students' academic motivation, self-regulated learning, and academic achievement. We modeled how changes in student motivation and self-regulated learning (SRL) were related to what occurred during 1-on-1 meetings with academic advisors during which students had the potential to view representations of their achievement embedded within an Early Warning System (EWS) that visually represented aspects of their academic performance referenced with course averages. Constructs associated with SRL were moderated by advisor-advisee meetings. Results indicated that advisors' use of EWS while they met with students was negatively associated with the rate of decrease of students' reporting of using memorizing strategies but positively related when students' performance was compared to that of their peers. We discuss the moderating effects of students’ exposure to visualizations of academic performance on their SRL strategies and academic motivation. This study points to the importance of monitoring the effects of information presented via EWS on motivation and SRL.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Critical Care Setting

Improvement in technology has improved critical care management in recent years. Ultrasound has been demonstrated to be of benefit in the critical care setting. This book chapter provides a general overview of regional nerve blocks employed with the use of ultrasound technology. It also provides examples of different roles of ultrasound for assessment of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes commonly seen in the intensive care unit. Ultrasound is an important technology in the management of critically ill patients.
Effect of thin strain-compensated Al0.6Ga0.4P layers on the growth of multiple-stacked InP/In0.5Al0.3Ga0.2P quantum dots

Multiple-stacked InP self-assembled quantum dots (SAQD or QD) were grown on an In0.5Al0.3Ga0.2P matrix lattice-matched on a GaAs (001) substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Cathodoluminescence (CL) scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the optical, morphological, and structural properties of the grown QDs. We found that the CL line width broadens and the surface becomes rough with an increase in the number of stacked QD layers in the structure. However, by introducing thin tensile-strained Al0.6Ga0.4P layers in the middle of In0.5Al0.3Ga0.2P spacer layers to compensate the compressive strain of the InP QD layers, the CL and morphology are significantly improved. Using this technique, 30-stacked InP/In0.5Al0.3Ga0.2P QD structures with improved CL properties and surface morphology were realized.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DIESEL ENGINE CYCLE-TO-CYCLE VARIATION - PART III

Marine diesel engine excitation can occur from the cycle-to-cycle variation in the engine output. The cycle-to-cycle variation in maximum cylinder pressure is often used to represent this variation. Earlier studies examined the correlation between the cycle-to-cycle variation in the maximum cylinder pressure, pressure impulse and ignition delay for the case of constant injection setting. This paper summarises the results of systematic experiments to determine the cycle-to-cycle variations when the injection timing is changed. In these tests the cycle-to-cycle variations in the maximum cylinder pressure ignition delay and corresponding pressure impulse are examined for a single cylinder test diesel engine at various speeds and compression ratios. Comparisons show that the cycle-to-cycle variations of the diesel engine power output are strongly affected by the injection timing. The best parameter for describing the cycle-to-cycle output variation is shown to depend on the specific engine test condition.
Gravitational collision efficiency of nonspherical aerosols II: motion of an oblate spheroid in a viscous fluid

The collisional dynamics of nonspherical aerosols is modeled by the introduction of a shape factor, US . Mechanistic calculation of US requires knowledge of the flow fields around the aerosols. Since actual aerosols can be complicated in shape and since the computation of flow fields can be quite difficult, insights into the nature of US are gained by using the superposition technique and studying aerosols that have tractable flow fields. The motion of an oblate spheroid in a viscous fluid is considered. The Navier-Stokes equations and associated boundary conditions are represented in oblate spheroidal coordinates. A combination of finite differences and spline-interpolation techniques is used to transform these equations to a form suitable for numerical computations. Converged results for the flow fields are obtained for a 0 to 5 range of Reynolds numbers. In the limit of zero Reynolds number, the results are found to be in agreement with the analytical solutions of Oberbeck.
Blind v.s. training-based UWB timing acquisition with effective multipath capture

This paper provides comparative assessment of effective timing acquisition algorithms for ultra-wideband (UWB) signals transmitting over dense multipath fading channels. First, we propose a new blind acquisition technique with enhanced timing offset estimation accuracy competitive to that of the training approach. To overcome the difficulty for a blind receiver to perform adequate energy capture in dense multipath, we judiciously choose a segment of the received waveform and use it as a noisy correlation-template in frame-rate sampling, followed by cyclostationarity-based blind acquisition. The resulting schemes enjoy large multipath diversity gain without resorting to cumbersome channel estimation, thus improving the acquisition accuracy at a low cost. We then present a comparative study of blind and training-based UWB acquisition methods, all of which are digitally implemented at very low sampling rates. Comparisons in terms of performance, complexity, and system-level impact are evaluated via simulations.
Tsunamis and splay fault dynamics

[1] The geometry of a fault system can have significant effects on tsunami generation, but most tsunami models to date have not investigated the dynamic processes that determine which path rupture will take in a complex fault system. To gain insight into this problem, we use the 3D finite element method to model the dynamics of a plate boundary/splay fault system. We use the resulting ground deformation as a time-dependent boundary condition for a 2D shallow-water hydrodynamic tsunami calculation. We find that if the stress distribution is homogeneous, rupture remains on the plate boundary thrust. When a barrier is introduced along the strike of the plate boundary thrust, rupture propagates to the splay faults, and produces a significantly larger tsunami than in the homogeneous case. The results have implications for the dynamics of megathrust earthquakes, and also suggest that dynamic earthquake modeling may be a useful tool in tsunami research.
Allomaternal interactions in the Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).

Allomaternal behavior is defined as maternal-like interactions between an infant and some animal other than its natural mother. The occurrence of allomothering can have a profound influence on the life of the infant and on the animal with which the infant interacts. Allomaternal interactions were studied during the first 6 months of life in 50 Bolivian squirrel monkeys in two different social settings. Allomaternal interactions began during the first week of life. Sampling indicated that the infants spent 30% of their time on allomothers during the first 6 months of life. Dorsal clinging on allomothers occurred most frequently when the infants were younger and more dependent, and declined with the infant's growing independence. In addition, squirrel monkey infants nursed on allomothers, though the rates were lower than nursing on their dam. Four- to six-year-old young adult females accounted for most of the allomaternal interactions (53%), while adult females 7 to 9 years old provided 21% of the allomaternal interactions. A similar age-related pattern was found for allomaternal nursing; however, reproductive status had a profound influence. Those females with a reproductive failure for the year provided 86% of the allomaternal nursing bouts. Allomaternal interactions were not based solely on kinship relationships. Future studies need to be directed toward establishing the proximal causes of allomaternal behavior in the squirrel monkey. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vision algorithms for hypercube machines

Several commercial hypercube parallel processors with the potential to deliver massive parallelism cost-effectively have been announced recently. They open the door to a wide variety of application areas that could benefit from parallelism. Computer vision is one of these application areas. This paper develops a general model for hypercube machines, and uses it to show how vision algorithms can be executed on hypercubes. In particular, the steps in the problem of thick-film inspection are used as a concrete example. The time needed to complete a typical inspection is used to demonstrate the performance of hypercube machines. Experimental results from a hypercube machine illustrate the potential use of such machines. Q 1987 AC&III& press, I~C. 1. INTR~DUCD~N
Plasma and extracellular matrix proteins mediate in the fate of Candida albicans in the human host

Abstract The fungus, Candida albicans , causes trivial to life-threatening diseases in man when normal host defenses are compromised. The fungus appears to have evolved receptors (nereinafter referred to as adhesins) for human fluid phase glycoproteins such as fibronectin and immobilized basement membrane glycoproteins in order to establish and maintain a niche in the mucus-lined cavities of man. The hypothesis advanced is that the fate of the fungus may be determined by interactions with these same glycoproteins. For example, Candida may adhere to fibronectin on the surface of epithelial cells in order to maintain its residency in mucus-lined cavities, whereas when the fungus has escaped its normal niche and become bloodborne, yeast cells may be opsonized by fluid phase fibronectin and hence phagocytosed and killed more rapidly than uncoated fungi. On the other hand, bloodborne yeast cells may preferentially adhere to immobilized fibronectin exposed in the interstitial space or contained within fibrin-platelet aggregates. Adherence to immobilized proteins would enhance the ability of the fungus to establish a foothold in the human host outside its normal niche, avoid destruction by host phagocytic cells and hence establish a metastatic site of infection. This sequence of events, viz. , adherence followed by growth may be similar to that which occurs in the metastasis of cancer cells. Many cancer cells employ receptors for basement membrane glycoproteins in order to effect movement from one area of the body to another. The adhesins of Candida may be analagous or perhaps homologous to the human integrin receptors. These fungal adhesins may provide the key to controlling the ability of the fungus to establish itself in areas of the body outside its normal niche. For instance, blocking adhesins with excess ligand could prohibit adherence of the fungus to immobilized glycoproteins or opsonizing the fungus with excess fluid phase liquid might reduce the ability of the fungus to adhere to the basement membrane and thence to establish a metastatic lesion.
Pneumomediastinum and Bilateral Pneumothoraces in a Patient With Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of the more common nausea of early pregnancy. We report an unusual case of pneumomediastinum and bilatetral pneumothoraces presenting in the tenth week of pregnancy complicating HG.
Readex microprint: An historic perspective

Abstract Readex Microprint Corporation has been supplying government information to depository libraries in the form of nondepository publications since 1953, depository publications since 1956, as well as United Nations Documents covering the years 1946 to the present. The firm also published The Sessional Papers , as well as many other historical and literary publications. The late Albert Boni, founder of Readex, had a strong desire to furnish scholars and libraries with collections of valuable source material otherwise unobtainable to them. His goals were high quality, compact storage, and low costs. The early history of Readex Microprint versus other microforms, how Readex started publishing government information, and the current status of Readex are described.