cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The development of left ventricular torsion and its clinical relevance

Left ventricular torsion is a measurement derived from the twisting or wringing motion of the heart around its long axis. The calculation is made by measuring the magnitude of rotation at the apex of the heart, and subtracting the rotation at the base. Although the phenomenon of left ventricular twisting was first described in the 17th Century, it wasn't until the 1960s that the first invasive method of measurement was demonstrated. Silver tantalum clips were sutured into the epicardium during cardiac surgery and viewed using cineradiography. Non-invasive torsion measurement has been subsequently developed, adopting Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 2D echocardiography. Interest in the changes of different components of torsion, during various cardiac disease states has developed with the advent of these non-invasive measurement techniques. This review article summarises the history of the development of torsion analysis and describes the known changes of torsion during different clinical circumstances.
NUCLEAR MULTIFRAGMENTATION AND INTERMITTENCY

The charge distribution of nuclear fragments for events of 131Xe at 1.22A GeV in nuclear emulsion is fitted with a power law. Method of scaled factorial moments is used to study fluctuations in the nuclear fragmentations. An intermittent behavior is found in the data but no convincing evidence of critical phenomenon is observed in nuclear fragmentation.
Adult Education as Self Education.

This paper argues that adult education can best be seen as self-education. A context, beginning definition, and concept of that term are described, along with a model and supporting guides for conducting self-education. The paper concludes with an examination of why the profession of adult education would be founded more soundly on this basis than upon alternative assumptions.
Task-dependent multi-task multiple kernel learning for facial action unit detection

Facial action unit (AU) detection from images and videos is a challenging research topic and has attracted great attention in the past few years. This paper presents a novel method, task-dependent multi-task multiple kernel learning (TD-MTMKL), to jointly detect the absence and presence of multiple AUs. TD-MTMKL attempts to learn an optimal kernel combination from a given set of basis kernels for each involved AU and obtain a finer depiction of AU relations through kernel combination weights. In other words, AU detection is solved as a multi-task multiple kernel learning problem, where AU relations are encoded via their SVM discriminative hyperplanes and kernel combination weights. The kernel learning increases the discriminant power of the classifier by fusing different types of facial feature representations with multiple kernels. Specifically, based on the TD-MTMKL method proposed in this paper, co-occurrence AUs share the same kernel weights while AUs with weak co-occurrence relations may employ distinct sets of kernels. Such "task-dependent" kernel learning framework seeks a trade-off between capturing commonalities and adapting to variations in modeling AU relations. Our experiments on the CK+ and DISFA databases show that our method achieved encouraging detection results of both post and spontaneous AUs compared to the state-of-the-art methods. HighlightsAU co-occurrence relations are modeled as multi-task multiple kernel learning.TD-MTMKL fuses different facial feature representations with multiple kernels.TD-MTMKL captures commonalities and adapts to variations among co-occurred AUs.
Treating Bedtime Resistance with the Bedtime Pass: A Systematic Replication and Component Analysis with 3-Year-Olds.

Bedtime resistance, a common pediatric problem, that was displayed by 4 unrelated 3-year-old children was treated with the bedtime pass (i.e., provision of a small notecard exchangeable for one trip out of the bedroom after bedtime) plus extinction. Bedtime resistance was eliminated for all participants. Further, treatment did not produce extinction bursts, as is common when using extinction procedures alone. Component analysis with 1 participant suggested that use of both components of the intervention produced the best outcomes. Findings extend the literature on the treatment of pediatric bedtime resistance as well as the application of behavior analysis to clinical psychology and pediatric care.
Challenges and Problems Reported by Small Group Facilitators.

The purpose of this article is to report and discuss special challenges and problems experienced by small group facilitators in organizational settings. Participants in the study were 63 facilitators who are members of the International Society for Performance Improvement. Self-report accounts from the participants were coded using thematic analysis techniques. Results indicated five primary categories of challenges and problems: internal conflict, lack of interest or enthusiasm for the project and/or process. differing status levels among group members, lack of Management support, and dysfunctional or disruptive group members, Verbatim examples are given for each of the five categories. Relevant sub-issues that did not emerge as primary concerns but are discussed. Literature on dealing with conflict, considering external factors that affect groups' attitudes and success, and choosing appropriate procedures and processes are cited. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii Serum-Associated Antibiotic Efflux Pump Inhibitors

Adaptive antibiotic resistance is a newly described phenomenon by which Acinetobacter baumannii induces efflux pump activity in response to host-associated environmental cues that may, in part, account for antibiotic treatment failures against clinically defined susceptible strains. To that end, during adaptation to growth in human serum, the organism induces approximately 22 putative efflux-associated genes and displays efflux-mediated minocycline tolerance at antibiotic concentrations corresponding to patient serum levels. Here, we show that in addition to minocycline, growth in human serum elicits A. baumannii efflux-mediated tolerance to the antibiotics ciprofloxacin, meropenem, tetracycline, and tigecycline. Moreover, using a whole-cell high-throughput screen and secondary assays, we identified novel serum-associated antibiotic efflux inhibitors that potentiated the activities of antibiotics toward serum-grown A. baumannii. Two compounds, Acinetobacter baumannii efflux pump inhibitor 1 (ABEPI1) [(E)-4-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)benezenesulfonamide] and ABEPI2 [N-tert-butyl-2-(1-tert-butyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylacetamide], were shown to lead to minocycline accumulation within A. baumannii during serum growth and inhibit the efflux potential of the organism. While both compounds also inhibited the antibiotic efflux properties of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, they did not display significant cytotoxicity toward human cells or mammalian Ca2+ channel inhibitory effects, suggesting that ABEPI1 and ABEPI2 represent promising structural scaffolds for the development of new classes of bacterial antibiotic efflux pump inhibitors that can be used to potentiate the activities of current and future antibiotics for the therapeutic intervention of Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Tillage intensity and crop residue effects on nitrogen and carbon cycling in a vertisol

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the impact of tillage intensity and crop residue on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in a Vertisol. Soil samples (0–10‐ and 10–20‐cm depth) were collected from a Houston Black soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts) with three different levels of tillage intensity, varying from no tillage to complete residue burial. The experiment was a split plot design with five replications. The main plots were three crop species [corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)] and the subplots were three levels of tillage intensity (chisel tillage, reduced tillage, and no tillage). Total N, organic C, inorganic N, and C:N ratio were measured on soil samples as well as the potential C mineralization, N mineralization, C turnover, and C:N mineralization ratio during a 7‐ and 30‐d incubation. Chisel tillage reduced total N, C mineralization, and C turnover at the 0–10‐cm depth compared to the othe...
Validation of whole slide imaging for frozen section diagnosis in surgical pathology.

Background: Whole slide imaging (WSI) using high-resolution scanners is gaining acceptance as a platform for consultation as well as for frozen section (FS) evaluation in surgical pathology. We report results of an intra-observer concordance study comparing evaluation of WSI of scanned FS microscope slides with the original interpretation of the same microscope slides after an average lag time of approximately 1-year. Methods: A total of 70 FS cases (148 microscope slides) originally interpreted by 2 pathologists were scanned at ×20 using Aperio CS2 scanner (Leica Biosystems, San Diego, CA, USA). Reports were redacted such that the study pathologists reviewed images using eSlide Manager Healthcare Network application (Leica Biosystems) accompanied by the same clinical information available at the time of original FS evaluation. Discrepancies between the original FS diagnosis and WSI diagnosis were categorized as major (impacted patient care) or minor (no impact on patient care). Results: Lymph nodes, margins for head and neck cancer resections, and arthroplasty specimens to exclude infection, were the most common FS specimens. The average wash-out interval was 380 days (range: 303–466 days). There was one major discrepancy (1.4% of 70 cases) where the original FS was interpreted as severe squamous dysplasia, and the WSI FS diagnosis was mild dysplasia. There were two minor discrepancies; one where the original FS was called focal moderate squamous dysplasia and WSI FS diagnosis was negative for dysplasia. The second case was an endometrial adenocarcinoma that was originally interpreted as Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Grade I, while the WSI FS diagnosis was FIGO Grade II. Conclusions: These findings validate and support the use of WSI to provide interpretation of FS in our network of affiliated hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers.
The dependence of slow crack growth in a polyethylene copolymer on test temperature and morphology

The slow crack growth resistance was measured in an ethylene-octene copolymer as a function of the morphological changes produced by varying the thermal history. Morphology was varied by annealing the quenched state at temperatures between 86°C and the melting point. The slow crack growth behavior was measured by the lifetime of a notched tensile specimen under a constant load. In general, the lifetime exhibited a maximum at a critical value of the annealing temperature. This critical annealing temperature decreased with a decrease in the temperature at which the lifetime was measured. The former result is understandable in terms of the increase in crystal strength as the annealing temperature is increased and the decrease in the number of tie molecules when more material is melted as the annealing temperature increases. The latter result depends on the relationship between crystal size and the effect of testing temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry data played a key part in analyzing the results. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity are related to the mental health and well-being of youth: A review of the literature

Youth today often face challenges that can undermine important opportunities to achieve their full potential in school, in the workplace, in relationships, and within themselves. This article reviews the literature addressing certain personal qualities that have shown promise in the promotion of youth resilience against such threats. More specifically, the values of forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity are considered. The purpose of this literature review is to bring attention to the promise that this body of research has shown and to encourage the continued empirical study of forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity, particularly within the realm of youth mental health and well-being. First, operational definitions of these constructs are discussed. This is followed by discussion of theoretical, clinical, and empirical support for the benefits of strongly upholding values related to forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity during youth. Finally, practical implications and directions for future research are of...
Parental Expectations Regarding Discussions on Psychosocial Topics During Pediatric Office Visits

Parents from urban (n=67) and suburban (n=76) primary care settings responded to a survey determining the extent to which 9 common psychosocial concerns have affected their children. Parents also reported their expectations of their pediatrician to discuss such topics during a health care visit. Within both settings, discipline was the most frequently experienced (41%), commonly discussed (34.3%), and frequently expected (75.4%) topic to be discussed. The frequency of discussions on psychosocial topics was less than half that of the actual reported occurrence of the psychosocial concern. When discussions on psychosocial topics did occur, however, most parents (87.3%) perceived pediatricians as helpful.
Improving identification of cognitive impairment in primary care

SUMMARY Objectives To compare the relative level and predictors of accuracy of a brief cognitive screen, the Mini-Cog, with spontaneous detection of cognitive impairment by subjects’ primary care physicians. Participants A heterogeneous community sample (n ¼ 371) of predominantly ethnic minority elderly assessed by standardized research protocol, 231 of whom met criteria for dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Results The Mini-Cog detected cognitively impaired subjects much more effectively than did subject’s own physicians (p < 0.0001), correctly classifying 83% of the sample and 84% of cognitively impaired subjects. Physicians correctly classified 59% of all subjects but identified only 41% of cognitively impaired subjects. The Mini-Cog’s advantage over physicians was greatest when impairment was mildest (screen vs physician recognition at CDR 0.5, 58% vs 6%; at CDR 1, 92% vs 41%). Additional subject variables associated with missed detection by physicians were non-Alzheimer type dementia and low education, low literacy, and non-English speaking, factors that had little or no effect on the performance of the MiniCog. Ethnic differences, also observed for physician recognition, were not significant in final regression equations. The number and recency of primary care visits, and duration of the primary care relationship, were not associated with physicians’ recognition of cognitive impairment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that recognition of cognitive impairment by primary care physicians is adversely influenced by important patient and disease characteristics. Results also show that use of the Mini-Cog would improve recognition of cognitive impairment in primary care, particularly in milder stages and in older adults subject to disparities in health care quality due to sociodemographic factors. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenosine in the Local Regulation of Blood Flow: Some Controversies

Three major challenges to the adenosine hypothesis for the local regulation of blood flow are: a) the failure of adenosine deaminase to affect autoregulation of blood flow or block the effects of hypoxia or reactive hyperemia; b) the ineffectiveness of adenosine antagonists to completely block metabolically-induced vasodilation; and c) the lack of methodology for determination of interstitial fluid adenosine concentrations
A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework for Food-borne Pathogens

7 Abstract: To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making. (Continued on next page)
An analytical method for placement and sizing of distributed generation on distribution systems

This paper introduces an analytical method for placement and sizing of distributed generation on power distribution systems for loss reduction. The proposed analytical method is developed based on direct and understandable formulas to estimate the optimal or near-optimal size of the candidate distributed generation units. A priority list based on loss sensitivity factors is developed to determine the optimal locations of the candidate distributed generation units. Sensitivity analysis is performed to estimate the optimal size and power factor of the distributed generation units. In this paper, various types of distributed generators have been dealt with and viable solutions are proposed to reduce total system loss. The proposed method is demonstrated on 33-bus and 69-bus distribution systems extensively used as examples in solving the placement and sizing problem of distributed generators. Exhaustive power flow routines are also performed to verify the sizes obtained by the analytical method. Test results show that the proposed analytical method could lead to optimal or near-optimal global solution and can thus be used for several distribution system planning studies.
The Strange Career of Bilingual Education in Texas, 1836–1981, by Carlos Kevin Blanton

El tema de la educacion bilingue ha sido un punto muy controversial por mas de un siglo. Los legisladores han tenido que enfrentar por decadas esta dura tarea, al tratar de establecer leyes justas ...
Has the Rate of Human Aging Already Been Modified

In recent years, three hypotheses have been set forth positing variations on a common question-Has the rate of human aging already been modified? There is no disputing that people now live longer than ever before in history, and considerable variation in duration of life persists as a fundamental attribute of human longevity, but are these events caused by a measurable and verifiable difference in the rate at which people age, or are there other reasons why they occur? In this article, I explore the historical record involving changes in survival and life expectancy at older ages dating back to 1900, and examine what factors will likely contribute to changes in longevity in the United States through 2040. Evidence suggests that despite the absence of verifiable metrics of biological age, delayed aging is unlikely to be a cause of secular increases in life expectancy, but it could explain variation in survival among population subgroups, and it is the most likely explanation for why exceptionally long-lived people experience less disease and live longer than the rest of the population. If genetic heterogeneity explains any significant part of current variation in longevity, this opens the door to the development of therapeutic interventions that confer these advantages to the rest of the population.
EPD - Environmental Product Declarations for Wood Products—An Application of Life Cycle Information about Forest Products

Transparent and credible environmental labeling of products is vital for a sustainable future. Ecolabeling shows information on the environmental performance of products, processes, and services. T...
Heart Failure: The Final Frontier for Biophysics in Cardiovascular Medicine?

Alteration in how the cardiomyocyte manages intracellular calcium is not only important acutely in alteration of the cardiac action potential leading to potentially arrhythmogenic changes within the myocardium, but long-term, global changes in intracellular calcium have been linked to hypertrophy and heart failure [1–3]. Recent work implicates the NFATc3 transcription factor as a key player that translates these changes in intracellular calcium into changes in gene expression, ion current remodeling, and ultimately reshaping of the cardiac action potential via reduction in repolarizing Kv currents. As early as 48 h post MI, this reduction in repolarizing K+ currents leads to an increase in action potential duration (APD), QT interval prolongation, and thereby increases the probability for developing potentially life-threatening arrhythmias [4]. Under more chronic conditions, this reshaping of the cardiac action potential leads to a global increase in intracellular calcium via an increase in the open probability of the LTCC due to prolongation of phase 2 of the cardiac action potential and ultimately activation of genes leading to hypertrophy and HF. Data suggest that the initiating event for these changes in intracellular calcium is the increase in β-AR stimulation seen with the catecholamine surge during acute MI or decompensated HF [5, 6].
The Diffusion of U.S. Law in Times of Crisis

The legislative and executive branches of the U.S. government possess many resources to influence the political development of foreign states. However, in addition to the various executive agencies that deal with foreign policy, and the congressional resources that fund those agencies, the judicial branch exercises considerable influence abroad. This aspect of U.S. foreign policy has been overlooked in international relations literature and stands as an underutilized tool to advance U.S. interests and ensure a peaceful international legal order. This paper conducts an empirical longitudinal study of citations to U.S. law in foreign jurisdictions. The preliminary findings of this paper challenge several common explanations of norm diffusion in the international system. Much of the international relations literature concerning the diffusion of norms from one state into another state rich in opposed local norms, e.g. the United States and China emphasizes the need for 'norm localization' and 'pattern maintenance' in order to overcome local resistance (Finnemore and Sikkink, 1998; Acharya, 2004). Contrary to these claims, citations to U.S. law pervade both common and civil law systems and suggest instead that the diffusion of U.S. law is enabled by nonstate actors, especially during periods of economic crisis.
An optical therapeutic protocol to treat brain metastasis by mapping NIR activated drug release: A pilot study

Treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) metastasis poses a critical clinical challenge due to limitations in drug uptake across the blood brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Recent research has shown the efficacy of using macrophages as drug carriers to target metastatic sites in the brain, which can then be activated by illuminating with near infrared radiation. The goal of this research is to develop an optically targeted therapeutic treatment of metastasis, specifically for metastatic breast cancer of the brain. As a first step towards accomplishing this, we developed a 3D Monte Carlo photon transport code capable of simulating phantoms with optical properties of brain and tumor; and validated the Monte Carlo simulated photon fluence within brain phantoms using an optical dosimetry probe. The phantom studies showed good correlation (correlation coefficient R=0.977) between the probe measurements and the Monte Carlo simulation in a white matter phantom (reduced scattering coefficient μs1=8.25mm−1, absorption coefficient μa=0.005 mm−1). Our future steps will be to implement the Monte Carlo to map out photon energy distribution in the brain, and subsequent drug release, by segmenting & translating head CT image volumes to corresponding optical properties of brain tissues. To access the therapeutic response, changes in the vascular physiology of the brain due to Her2 inhibition will be measured using dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (e.g. DCE-CT), and with Monte Carlo based optical fluence maps. An optical treatment plan, using fast Monte Carlo software, optimized with CT segmented image volumes, would significantly reduce the treatment time and allow targeted drug activation while sparing healthy tissues.
Different global gene expression profiles in benzo[a]pyrene- and dioxin-treated vascular smooth muscle cells of AHR-knockout and wild-type mice.

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are potent ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). High-density oligonucleotide microarrays were used to generate global gene expression profiles of wild-type and Ahr −/− vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from mouse aorta. To determine whether there are signaling pathways other than the AHR involved in B[a]P metabolism, wild-type and AHR knockout (Ahr −/− SMCs were exposed to B[a]P. Two signaling pathways, represented by TGF-β2 and IGF-1, were identified as potential candidates of an AHR alternate pathway for cells to respond to B[a]P. The wild-type SMCs responded similarly to B[a]P and TCDD in the regulation of a small set of common genes known to respond to the activated AHR (e.g., glutamine S-transferase). However, wild-type SMCs responded in a way that involves many additional genes, suggesting that a very divergent cellular response may be involved when SMCs are exposed to the two classic inducers of the AHR. In contrast, many more genes in the Ahr −/− cells responded similarly to B[a]P and TCDD, inducluding Cyp1b1, than responded differently, which indicates that eliminating the AHR is effective for investigating potential alternate cellular mechanisms that respond to B[a]P and TCDD.
Kennedy Versus Lodge: The 1952 Massachusetts Senate Race

In November 1952 a relatively unknown Congressman John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge, jr. This book provides an analysis of the campaign and assesses strategies employed by Kennedy that would come into play eight years later during his presidential campaign against Nixon.
Grocery Chain Store Prices—A Case Study:

significantly more if bought in a store that belongs to one type of grocery chain rather than another or if bought in an independent grocery store? Do size of the parent organization and food prices go hand in hand? If so, which type of store gives the consumer more for his food dollar and how much more? Are food prices uniformly and consistently higher in particular types of grocery establishments? Are food prices significantly more rigid in one type of grocery establishment than another? Does the food dollar spent on week ends do extra duty? These are some of the problems studied in 1953-54 in St. Louis, Missouri, in relation to five retail grocery establishments: members of a national chain, sectional chain, local chain, and voluntary chain and an independent grocery store. While previous studies have compared food prices in chain and independent stores, this study also emphasizes the difference between various types of chain stores. The results of this study are based on statistical inferences from a sample food basket and are supplemented by analyses of 9 food groups and 45 individual food items.
Social Work Ethics, by Charles S. Levy. Human Sciences Press, New York, 1976. $14.95. 266 Pp.

(1978). Social Work Ethics, by Charles S. Levy. Human Sciences Press, New York, 1976. $14.95. 266 Pp. Journal of Education for Social Work: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 125-126.
MANAGEMENT OF MITRAL REGURGITATION: Optimal Timing for Surgery

In 1960, mitral valve replacement was introduced as surgical treatment for mitral regurgitation (MR). Initially, this procedure was reserved for patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III symptoms. In these patients, it was thought that the improvement in symptoms and quality of life outweighed the surgical mortality and the long-term morbidity associated with a prosthetic valve. 31 Improvements in valve design and in methods of myocardial protection coupled with development of surgical techniques for valve repair and preservation of the subvalvular apparatus have lowered surgical mortality and improved the long-term results of mitral valve surgery. Concurrent with these developments, a body of evidence has accumulated indicating the deleterious effects of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction on mortality and morbidity of patients undergoing valve replacement. Consequently the current trend is to recommend surgery earlier. Rather than wait for symptoms to progress, surgeons now commonly operate patients in NYHA functional class II, particularly if they show signs of LV dysfunction. Concerns about permanent injury to the left ventricle have prompted in some cases referral for surgery of asymptomatic patients. This article discusses the factors that may influence long-term prognosis in MR, reviews the evidence supporting earlier intervention, and provides some guidelines based, when possible, on experimental findings and at times on the author's opinion. The discussion is limited exclusively to isolated MR without stenosis or any other significant valvular lesion.
Patient satisfaction with treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer

ABSTRACTSkin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States most of which are non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). There are many approaches to the management of NMSC. Given the increasing focus on patient centered care, patient satisfaction is an important outcome to guide treatment selection. This article systematically reviews the published literature regarding patient satisfaction in the treatment of NMSC. A total of 747 records were identified in the initial Pubmed search. Twenty-six evaluated patient satisfaction, and five were literature reviews or meta-analyses. Patients were generally satisfied with cosmetic outcome regardless of treatment modality. Excluding cosmesis, factors affecting patient satisfaction were not commonly assessed. Patients may prefer greater treatment time and perceived physician effort. The Skin Cancer Index (SCI) along with a modified Likert scale is the most applicable to NMSC. Future studies should focus on other aspects of patient satisfaction and develop a standardi...
Selective Rearing of Queens by Worker Honey Bees: Kin or Nestmate Recognition

Honey bees have the ability to distinguish among groups of larvae that are destined to become queens and preferentially rear highly related nestmate larvae over less related larvae that are not nestmates.
Relationship of tricuspid repair at the time of left ventricular assist device implantation and survival

PURPOSE Tricuspid regurgitation contributes to right ventricular failure (RVF) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) treatment. However, whether tricuspid valve repair (TVR) at the time of LVAD implantation improves outcomes is not clear. METHODS We identified all patients undergoing initial implantation of a long-term continuous-flow LVAD at our institution from March 2006 to August 2011. We assessed the impact of TVR on survival and incidence of RVF using Kaplan-Meier curves and proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, gender, baseline tricuspid regurgitation, RV function, MELD score, albumin, and indication (bridge vs. destination). RESULTS A total of 101 patients were included in the analysis, of which 14 patients underwent TVR concomitant LVAD. All TVR patients had moderate or severe baseline regurgitation. Crude survival was not different between groups. In multivariable models adjusted for confounding factors, TVR showed a significant association with improved survival (HR = 0.1, p = 0.049). Adjusted models showed no difference in RVF. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients, TVR at the time of LVAD implantation appears associated with better survival. Additional larger studies are needed to verify the effect of TVR at the time of LVAD implantation, and whether it should be utilized more frequently.
Computation of the bordism groups

In the previous chapter, we have defined and characterized geometrically the homology theory {Ω* (X, A), ϕ*, ∂} of bordism. Thus the stage is set for their computation, at least in many cases. In order to compute, we use the powerful results of Milnor (Ω* has no odd torsion) and Wall (see section 14) on MSO (k). In section 14 we prove that the bordism spectral sequence is trivial modulo the class of odd torsion groups. In section 15 it is proved that if X has no odd torsion then Ωn(X) = ∑p+q=n H p,(X; Ωq); in section 18 it is shown that if X has no torsion then Ω* (X) ≅ H* (X;Z) ⊗ Ω as an Ω-module.
Analysis on Ice-Coating Withstanding Ability of Typical Conductors and Towers in Rural Power Networks

Three types of conductors and four kinds of towers that are widely applied in rural distribution network are selected as the analysis objects. Using Dao Heng tower design software and finite element analysis software ANSYS,the ice-coating withstanding ability of conductors and towers in rural distribution networks under different spans and various ice-coating conditions are analyzed and calculated. Calculation results show that the conductors and towers applied in rural distribution networks possess a certain ice-coating withstanding ability,however there are some defects such as insufficient sectional area of conductors and insufficient rigidity of some parts of towers,these defects lead to the insufficient ice-coating withstanding ability. Finally,some measures to enhance the ice-coating withstanding ability of conductors and towers in rural power networks are proposed.
Cycloheximide decreases glucose transporters in rat adipocyte plasma membranes without affecting insulin-stimulated glucose transport

This study examines the relationship between insulin-stimulated glucose transport and insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporters in isolated rat adipocytes. Adipose cells were incubated with or without cycloheximide, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, for 60 min and then for an additional 30 min with or without insulin. After the incubation we measured 3-O-methylglucose transport in the adipose cells, and subcellular membrane fractions were prepared. The numbers of glucose transporters in the various membrane fractions were determined by the cytochalasin B binding assay. Basal and insulin-stimulated 3-O-methylglucose uptakes were not affected by cycloheximide. Furthermore, cycloheximide affected neither Vmax. nor Km of insulin-stimulated 3-O-methylglucose transport. In contrast, the number of glucose transporters in plasma membranes derived from cells preincubated with cycloheximide and insulin was markedly decreased compared with those from cells incubated with insulin alone (10.5 +/- 0.8 and 22.2 +/- 1.8 pmol/mg of protein respectively; P less than 0.005). The number of glucose transporters in cells incubated with cycloheximide alone was not significantly different compared with control cells. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic analysis of [3H]cytochalasin-B-photolabelled plasma-membrane fractions revealed that cycloheximide decreases the amount of labelled glucose transporters in insulin-stimulated membranes. However, the apparent molecular mass of the protein was not changed by cycloheximide treatment. The effect of cycloheximide on the two-dimensional electrophoretic profile of the glucose transporter in insulin-stimulated low-density microsomal membranes revealed a decrease in the pI-6.4 glucose-transporter isoform, whereas the insulin-translocatable isoform (pI 5.6) was decreased. Thus the observed discrepancy between insulin-stimulated glucose transport and insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporters strongly suggests that a still unknown protein-synthesis-dependent mechanism is involved in insulin activation of glucose transport.
The Current Status of Systemic Adjuvant Therapy in the Management of Primary Breast Cancer

The highlights of findings obtained from trials conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) are presented. The findings and conclusions regarding the present status of adjuvant therapy are summarized as provisional guidelines for the use of adjuvant therapy.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality in North Carolina, 2008–2009

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate whether racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality still exist in North Carolina and to examine predictors of infant mortality using the North Carolina Vital Statistics Dataverse. METHODS This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study that included all 257,543 births in North Carolina in 2008-2009. Infant mortality was assessed based on birth records included in the database. Infant births and deaths were summarized by demographic and maternal/infant characteristics. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to jointly assess predictors of infant mortality. RESULTS The overall infant mortality rate in North Carolina was 0.8%. Adjusting for confounders through the construction and assessment of a multivariate logistic regression model, statistically significant associations were found between infant mortality and each of the following: maternal race (both black and 'other' versus white), infant sex, both premature and preterm gestation (versus full term), birth weight (both low and high versus normal), maternal education (both less than high school graduate and more than high school versus college graduate), prenatal care (both intermediate and inadequate versus adequate), and maternal tobacco use. LIMITATIONS Maternal race was limited to white, black, and other. Data on socioeconomic status, maternal medical risk factors, and quality of prenatal care were not available. At the time of the analysis, data for years beyond 2009 were limited. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities in infant mortality persist in North Carolina; specifically, infants of nonwhite mothers have a higher mortality rate than do infants of white mothers. Other factors that continue to play a significant role in infant mortality in North Carolina include preterm and premature births, male infant sex, low birth weight, maternal education less than college graduate, maternal tobacco use, and less than adequate prenatal care.
Induction of Oxidative Stress and Glutathione Depletion by ABT-737, a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of Bcl-2, Contributes to Cytotoxicity in Leukemia Cells.

The Bcl-2 family of proteins regulate the process of cell death. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are potent anti-apoptotic members that are overexpressed in a number of malignancies, providing a means to evade cell death, which has been described as a characteristic hallmark of cancer. Several lines of evidence suggest that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL possess anti-oxidant properties. Overexpression of Bcl-2 is protective against menadione and hydrogen peroxide induced cell death and causes an increase in intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant antioxidant defense. In the present study, we utilized a novel small molecule to test effects of Bcl-2 inhibition on intracellular redox status. ABT-737 is a first generation inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w and and acts as a mimic of the BH3-only antagonists of these family members. Exposure of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells to ABT-737 caused a dose dependent increase in intracellular levels reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. This dose dependent increase in intracellular oxidants was significantly less pronounced in cells treated with the less active enantiomer of ABT-737. A greater than 50% decrease in intracellular GSH levels was seen with similar doses of ABT-737 and the combination of buthionine sulfoximine, an agent that depletes GSH levels further, with ABT-737, caused synergistic cell death. These data were verified using cells transfected with a tetracycline repressable Bcl-2 expression plasmid. Taken together, our data identifies a novel sequelae for Bcl-2 inhibition: the induction of oxidative stress. Combination therapies utilizing ABT-737 or its analogs may be devised based on the observed effects on the redox environment.
Complete Procedure for Fabrication of a Fused Silica Ultrarapid Microfluidic Mixer Used in Biophysical Measurements

In this paper we present a method to fabricate a fused silica microfluidic device by employing low viscosity KMPR photoresists. The resulting device is a continuous-flow microfluidic mixer based on hydrodynamic focusing. The advantages of this new fabrication method compared to the traditional approach using a poly-silicon mask are simplification, and time and cost reduction, while still preserving the quality and the performance of the mixers. This process results in devices in which the focusing channel has an aspect ratio of 10:1. The newly-fabricated mixer is successfully used to observe the folding of the Pin1 WW domain at the microsecond time scale.
From Battleground of Empires to Battleground of Ideals

This worthy contribution to the Palgrave Essential Histories series is as readable as it is informative, and fully deserved this second edition. (Its well-received first edition came out in 2006). ...
Joint Pain & Dermatological Findings

A 78-year-old African American male presents to his primary care office with a minimally tender mass on the lateral aspect of his 2nd digit. His history was negative for fever, chills, and trauma to the area. He endorsed joint pain diffusely with multiple episodes on podagra in the past. The tender mass had started 4 weeks prior to presentation with increased swelling of a new minimally tendermass on the digit, which has since progressed to Figure 1. With growth of the mass patient now complains of slight numbness and cold sensation in the involved fingertip. The patient takes NSAIDs for joint pain that he states does relieve some of the discomfort associated with the mass. His past medical history is significant for hypertension, which he takes Losartan and hydrochlorothiazide, hyperlipidemia, osteoarthritis, and gout, for which he does not take prophylactic medication.When palpated the joint demonstrated firmness rather than fluctuance and there was no purulent material with attempted incision and drainage. The mass was aspirated and viewed under microscopy as seen in Figure 2 and 3.
Two paths diverged in the stroma: targeting to dual SEC translocase systems in chloroplasts

Chloroplasts inherited systems and strategies for protein targeting, translocation, and integration from their cyanobacterial ancestor. Unlike cyanobacteria however, chloroplasts in green algae and plants contain two distinct SEC translocase/integrase systems: the SEC1 system in the thylakoid membrane and the SEC2 system in the inner envelope membrane. This review summarizes the mode of action of SEC translocases, identification of components of the SEC2 system, evolutionary history of SCY and SECA genes, and previous work on the co- and post-translational targeting of lumenal and thylakoid membrane proteins to the SEC1 system. Recent work identifying substrates for the SEC2 system and potential features that may contribute to inner envelope targeting are also discussed.
Interventions with Specific Groups of Adolescents

This final chapter presents examples of interventive considerations and services regarding three selected groups of adolescents: those who come from divorced and remarried families, those in foster care and adoptive homes, and runaways.
The Nature of Sympathy

In the psychology of motivation the instrumental response is theoretically related in some way to the general wellbeing of the person whose motivation it is. But the motivational structure of sympathy is different. The orientation of sympathetic behavior is not the welfare of the person who is sympathetically motivated, but that of the person who is the object of that sympathy. This distinction is not about “satisfaction” or “happiness,” although both may sometimes be involved. It is about the dependent variable for which sympathy is the motivation. Take, for example, the intake of food. Taking food may be equally “satisfying” to the person whose motivation is hunger and to the person whose motivation is sympathy, except that in the first case the food is eaten by the hungry person, and in the second case the food is eaten by the person who is the object of sympathy. The logic of this distinction was set forth many years ago by Bishop Butler (see Broad, 1979), and I will consider it further in Chapter 4.
Enhancing Network Loadability Using Optimal TCSC Placement and Sizing

Ahstract- Thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) devices have been utilized for enhancing transmission network loadability. The technical benefit of the TCSC devices comes at the expense of their high investment cost. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to provide a profound insight into the compromises between technical and economical aspects of installing TCSC devices in a transmission network. The proposed approach is a multiobjective optimization based algorithm used to maximize the loadability of the network and to minimize the investment cost of installing TCSCs under secured operation conditions. The results provide an efficient set of nondominated solutions to maximize the loadability at minimal cost for the decision-making process. The IEEE lIS-bus system is used as a test case to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, the results are analyzed and compared with available results in the literature.
Quantitative analysis of in vivo high-resolution microendoscopic images for the detection of neoplastic colorectal polyps

Colonoscopy is routinely performed for colorectal cancer screening but lacks the capability to accurately characterize precursor lesions and early cancers. High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) is a low-cost imaging tool to visualize colorectal polyps with subcellular resolution. We present a computer-aided algorithm to evaluate HRME images of colorectal polyps and classify neoplastic from benign lesions. Using histopathology as the gold standard, clinically relevant features based on luminal morphology and texture are quantified to build the classification algorithm. We demonstrate that adenomatous polyps can be identified with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 80% using a two-feature linear discriminant model in a pilot test set. The classification algorithm presented here offers an objective framework to detect adenomatous lesions in the colon with high accuracy and can potentially improve real-time assessment of colorectal polyps.
Outcomes of patients with late relapse metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted therapies.

e15579 Background: Approximately 20- 30 % of the patients (pts) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) develop recurrence after treatment of localized disease. Of these pts, the great majority recur withi...
Implications of Removing Rosiglitazone's Black Box Warning and Restricted Access Program on the Uptake of Thiazolidinediones and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Medications are increasingly being approved with limited, short-term evidence regarding safety. Regulatory safety concerns may emerge for these drugs but later may be reversed if additi...