cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Requirements analysis for pediatric ICU softcopy display

To make the transition from film to CRT viewing of radiologic images, it is necessary to fully understand what the viewer requires in order to make a confident diagnostic decision. As a preliminary step to installing an image display workstation in our neonatal (NICU) and pediatric (PICU) ICU areas, a requirements analysis was conducted. Interviews were conducted to determine what would be desired in a display workstation, and detailed observations were made of daily procedures in the pediatric and neonatal ICUs. Portable diagnostics (i.e., CR images) constitute the greatest number of images taken. Very few images from other modalities are taken on a regular basis, although traditional film images are taken somewhat frequently. The data indicate that the majority of PICU and NICU images which are of concern to the attending ICU clinicians (i.e., CR) would be available directly for softcopy display on a workstation. A workstation in the radiology reading room would, however, require access to all possible types of images.
Factors influencing the effective spray cone angle of pressure-swirl atomizers

The spray cone angles produced by several simplex pressure-swirl nozzles are examined using three liquids whose viscosities range from 0.001 to 0.012 kg/ms (1 to 12 cp). Measurements of both the visible spray cone angle and the effective spray cone angle are carried out over wide ranges of injection pressure and for five different values of the discharge orifice length/diameter ratio. The influence of the number of swirl chamber feed slots on spray cone angle is also examined. The results show that the spray cone angle widens with increase in injection pressure but is reduced by increases in liquid viscosity and/or discharge orifice length/diameter ratio. Variation in the number of swirl chamber feed slots between one and three has little effect on the effective spray cone angle.
Late Stage Benzylic C–H Fluorination with [18F]Fluoride for PET Imaging

We describe the first late-stage 18F labeling chemistry for aliphatic C–H bonds with no-carrier-added [18F]fluoride. The method uses Mn(salen)OTs as an F-transfer catalyst and enables the facile labeling of a variety of bioactive molecules and building blocks with radiochemical yields (RCY) ranging from 20% to 72% within 10 min without the need for preactivation of the labeling precursor. Notably, the catalyst itself can directly elute [18F]fluoride from an ion exchange cartridge with over 90% efficiency. Using this feature, the conventional and laborious dry-down step prior to reaction is circumvented, greatly simplifying the mechanics of this protocol and shortening the time for automated synthesis. Eight drug molecules, including COX, ACE, MAO, and PDE inhibitors, have been successfully [18F]-labeled in this way.
Low complexity multi-view distributed video coding based on JPEG

We consider here a low-complexity approach to the problem of multi-view distributed video coding. Specifically, we assume that motion-JPEG is used as the base coding algorithm and analyze the effects of factors such as additive noise and region misalignment on the conditional coding problem. Our goal is to characterize the achievable compression gain for a practical coding scenario where block-wise frame correlations must be estimated on-the-fly at the encoder in a highly efficient manner. We show that additive noise has a greater impact on the performance of a distributed video coder than pixel domain shifts.
New Images of a New Medicine: Visual Evidence for the Widespread Popularity of Therapeutic Discoveries in America after 1885

La fin du siecle dernier a vu naitre dans le domaine de la medecine et de la science, l'emergence d'innovations particulierement determinante et par la meme occasion un regain d'interet dans les medias et donc dans l'opinion publique. Cet enthousiasme pour les nouvelles techniques therapeutiques se repercuta jusqu'a nos jours, meme si certaines de ces innovations sont aujourd'hui moins reconnues, toutes ont connu un pic de notoriete remarquable. Cet article analyse l'origine de cet engouement populaire apres 1885 ...
Kinetics and mechanism of cyclohexane oxidation on MnAPO-5 catalysts ✩

Abstract Kinetic and isotopic measurements have led to a detailed description of the elementary steps required for cyclohexane (RH) reactions with O 2 on MnAPO-5 catalysts. Cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (ROOH) is an intermediate in cyclohexanol (ROH) and cyclohexanone [R( H) O] formation. Combined rates of ROH + R( H) O synthesis are first order in ROOH concentration and proportional to the number of redox-active framework Mn sites. Taken together with UV–visible evidence for Mn 2+ as the most abundant active structure during steady-state catalysis, these data indicate that ROOH decomposition on Mn 2+ is a kinetically relevant step. C 6 H 12 /C 6 D 12 kinetic isotope effects (KIE) for ROOH decomposition as a function of ROOH concentration are 2.5 at 403 K, consistent with O H bond cleavage at Mn 2+ O H in this elementary step. A catalytic ROOH decomposition cycle proceeding via adsorbed intermediates without the involvement of free radicals or their bimolecular termination accounts for measured alcohol/ketone product ratios. Mn 3+ species, initially present in air-treated MnAPO-5, activate R H bonds and lead to shorter initial induction periods for ROOH-mediated pathways. tert -Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) led to higher ROOH synthesis rates via H abstraction from RH to form ROOH, without influencing ROOH decomposition rate constants. In the absence of TBHP, ROOH formation occurs predominantly through activation of C H bonds in RH by ROO ∗ species in a step that gives a KIE value of 6.8, consistent with such activation steps. These findings are expected to be also relevant for related RH oxidation reactions on materials containing redox-active sites such as inorganic solids or solvated cations. The proposed sequence of elementary steps illustrates the difficulties in interpreting effects of isotopic identity on rates and of spatial constraints on regioselectivity without rigorous assessment of the identity and kinetic relevance of elementary steps, and also the risk of using overall KIE values as phenomenological inference for a certain mechanism, particularly for sequential pathways, such as the ROOH formation and ROOH decomposition steps discussed here.
External Validation of the Risk Assessment Model of the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) for Medical Patients in a Tertiary Health System

Background Hospitalized medical patients are at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Universal application of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis has the potential to place a large number of patients at increased bleeding risk. In this study, we aimed to externally validate the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) VTE risk assessment model in a hospitalized general medical population. Methods and Results We identified medical discharges that met the IMPROVE protocol. Cases were defined as hospital‐acquired VTE and confirmed by diagnostic study within 90 days of index hospitalization; matched controls were also identified. Risk factors for VTE were based on the IMPROVE risk assessment model (aged >60 years, prior VTE, intensive care unit or coronary care unit stay, lower limb paralysis, immobility, known thrombophilia, and cancer) and were measured and assessed. A total of 19 217 patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall VTE event rate was 0.7%. The IMPROVE risk assessment model identified 2 groups of the cohort by VTE incidence rate: The low‐risk group had a VTE event rate of 0.42 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.53), corresponding to a score of 0 to 2, and the at‐risk group had a VTE event rate of 1.29 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.57), corresponding to a score of ≥3. Low‐risk status for VTE encompassed 68% of the patient cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.702, which was in line with the derivation cohort findings. Conclusions The IMPROVE VTE risk assessment model validation cohort revealed good discrimination and calibration for both the overall VTE risk model and the identification of low‐risk and at‐risk medical patient groups, using a risk score of ≥3. More than two thirds of the entire cohort had a score ≤2.
High-Rate Random-Like Spherical Fingerprinting Codes With Linear Decoding Complexity

The rate of a fingerprinting code is defined as R = (1/N) log2 M, where N is the code length and M the number of users. Capacity is the supremum of achievable rates for a given class of collusion attacks. Most fingerprinting codes in current literature are algebraic constructions with high minimum distance. These codes have low rate (relative to capacity) and thus long fingerprints for a given number of users and colluders. However, short fingerprints are valuable in media fingerprinting due to the limited number of robust features available for embedding. This paper proposes a framework to build high-rate fingerprinting codes operating near the fundamental capacity limit by concatenating short, random, and statistically independent subcodes. A practical implementation based on the turbo code construction is presented. Each subcode is decoded by a list Viterbi decoding algorithm, which outputs a list of suspect users. These lists are then processed using a matched filter, which extracts the most suspect user and declares him or her guilty. We provide examples of codes that are short, accommodate millions of users, and withstand (with an error probability of the order of 1%) dozens of colluders against the averaging or interleaving attack followed by additive white Gaussian noise. Our fingerprinting codes operate reliably at rates within 30% to 50% of capacity, which are substantially higher than any other existing code. The decoding complexity is linear in N, or, equivalently, in log M.
Counting bits for distributed function computation

We consider a network of nodes, each having an initial value or measurement, and seeking to acquire an estimate of a given function of all the nodespsila values in the network. Each node may exchange with its neighbors a finite number of bits every time communication is initiated. In this paper, we present an algorithm for computation of separable functions, under the constraint that communicated messages are quantized, so that with some specified probability, all nodes have an estimate of the function value within a desired interval of accuracy. We derive an upper bound on the computation time needed to achieve this goal, and show that the dependence of the computation time on the network topology, via the ldquoconductancerdquo of the graph representing this topology, matches a lower bound derived from Information Theoretic analysis. Hence, the algorithmpsilas running time is optimal with respect to dependence on the graph structure.
Vascular reconstruction using deep vein for limb length discrepancy in a child

Iatrogenic vascular injuries can result in claudication and limb length discrepancy in growing children. Traditional reconstruction has been performed with great saphenous vein as a conduit. We report the case of a 7-year-old boy with a symptomatic limb length discrepancy and vascular reconstruction using femoropopliteal vein. The use of deep vein as an autogenous conduit may facilitate reconstruction of iliofemoral arteries in preadolescent children, providing an excellent size match and an efficacious means of restoring normal blood flow.
A Policy-based Management Framework for Pervasive Systems using Axiomatized Rule-Actions

Pervasive systems comprise large collections of heterogeneous and mobile devices, services and applications. A management infrastructure is required to govern the system behavior according to policies specified by the system administrator. Policy-based management is a well-established approach where policies are specified as Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules that determine the management actions to be performed when certain situations occur. The problem with ECA policies is that conflicting actions may get triggered on the same event resulting in policy conflicts. Cycles may result when a set of policy rules trigger each other continuously. Existing approaches to conflict detection are limited in scope and can only detect conflicting actions if they are explicitly stated. In addition, current techniques do not detect cycles in management policies. We propose an extension to the ECA rule framework, called Event-Condition-PreCondition-Action-PostCondition (ECPAP) as a rule framework for management policies. In this framework, actions are annotated with axiomatic specifications that enable powerful reasoning to detect conflicts and cycles in policies. We present the details of this framework
Susceptibilities of Yersinia pestis Strains to 12 Antimicrobial Agents

Ninety-two strains of Yersinia pestis recovered over a 21-year period were evaluated for susceptibility to traditional and newer antimicrobial agents. In vitro resistance was noted only against rifampin and imipenem (approximately 20% of strains). The most active compounds (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited) against Y. pestis were cefixime, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and trovafloxacin.
P-selectin-deficient mice are protected from PAF-induced shock, intestinal injury, and lethality

In a previous study, we showed that anti-CD11b or anti-CD18 antibody markedly attenuated platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced shock and intestinal necrosis in rats, whereas anti-P-selectin anti-body was ineffective. Here we used genetically altered mice to study the mechanism of PAF in mice. We found that P-selectin-deficient mice are completely protected from the adverse effects of PAF with no mortality or intestinal injury and only mild hemoconcentration and transient hypotension. In contrast, CD18- or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-deficient mice were not protected from PAF-induced tissue injury and death. However, when ICAM-1-, but not CD18-, deficient mice were pretreated with fucoidin, the adverse effects of PAF were markedly reduced; survival was 100%, although hypotension still developed. Neutrophil-depleted mice were protected from PAF-induced intestinal injury but still developed hypotension and hemoconcentration. PAF increases peripheral blood neutrophil counts, probably by inducing granulopoiesis, since neutrophil-depleted mice still showed granulocytosis 60 min after PAF. Thus P-selectin plays an important role in PAF-induced injury in mice, and the selectins and the integrin-ICAM-1 system work in concert to mediate the inflammatory response to PAF in vivo.
Challenges of Modeling Inflatable Wings

This paper presents current research in the development of a validated finite element model of inflatable wings. The methodology used to develop such a model is described along with some of the challenges faced during this process. Experimental testing of the wing is presented, including measurement of response to static loadings as well as modal analyses over a range of internal pressures. A discussion of finite element modeling processes is given, including comparisons between different material models, both linear and nonlinear, as well as a discussion on mesh convergence studies. Finite element predictions are compared with results from experimental testing for static loading cases and for modal response. An effective nonlinear material model was found to approximate modal response more accurately, while static response is more accurately modeled by an effective linear orthotropic model.
Recent development of the mixed layer remote sensing models

Mixed layer depth is a particularly useful description of subsurface ocean thermal structure. Knowledge of the upper ocean mixed layer is essential to world ocean circulation, coupled ocean-atmospheric system, vertical distributions of biological and chemical species, and global climate change studies. There is as yet no method for the direct remote sensing assessment of the mixed layer depth. However, the recent development of the mixed layer remote sensing models designed to predict the thermal inertia of the mixed layer using multi-satellites and multi sensors data provides useful information for the estimation of the daily mean and monthly mean mixed layer depth. This presentation aims to review the recent development of the mixed layer remote sensing models and to provide some results and sensitivity analysis of the models. >
Detection of Pigeon Circovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction

SUMMARY. Pigeon circovirus was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in young pigeons belonging to 12 different lofts. Viral DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-imbedded tissues containing primarily bursa and occasionally liver and spleen with a commercial kit. PCR primers were selected from a published sequence for columbid circovirus and evaluated in a PCR assay. The histopathologic examination of various tissues revealed basophilic globular intracytoplasmic inclusions in the mononuclear cells of the bursa of Fabricius and occasionally in the spleen characteristic for a circovirus. Transmission electron microscopy of a few bursas of Fabricius revealed virus particles measuring 18–21 nm. All the samples were negative by PCR for psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) virus and chicken infectious anemia virus. The primers for both pigeon circovirus and PBFD virus did not react in PCR with the chicken anemia virus DNA. Most of the circovirus-infected pigeons had concurrent infections...
Solvent-free MALDI-MS for the Analysis of β-Amyloid Peptides via the Mini-Ball Mill Approach: Qualitative and Quantitative Advances

Manual and automated solvent-free mini-ball mill (MBM) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis of mixtures of β-amyloid peptides (1–11), (33–42), (1–42) and non-β-amyloid component of Alzheimer’s disease peptide yielded interpretable spectra for all of the peptides present regardless of their relative amounts in the samples. This was not the case for solvent-based MALDI analysis using traditional acidic aqueous/organic solvent conditions, which resulted in severe over-representation of hydrophilic peptide (1–11) and provided no spectra for insoluble amphiphilic peptide (1–42) even when present at 50% relative molar amount. Less accurate representation of components in mixtures by the traditional method appears to be a combination of poor dissolution of peptides in the solvent and preferential ionization of more hydrophilic peptides in the mixture. Consequently, only MBM provided a complete tryptic map of β-amyloid (1–42) compared to 67% coverage by traditional MALDI. Acetonitrile (0.1% TFA) led to improved coverage only at a 50% molar ratio of peptide (1–42), but also to a side product of (1–42), Met oxidation (amino acid 35), a phenomenon not observed in MBM MALDI analysis. Traditional MALDI analysis resulted in over-representation of hydrophilic soluble β-amyloid (1–11) in defined mixtures and autoproteolytic peptides of trypsin. In contrast, over-representation and under-representation were less pronounced in solvent-free MALDI in all of the investigated cases. Analysis of defined peptide and tryptic peptide mixtures showed that MBM MALDI yielded greater qualitative reliability, which also improved quantitative response relative to the solvent-based approach.
Cooperative omega loops in cytochrome c: role in folding and function.

Abstract Hydrogen exchange experiments under slow exchange conditions show that an omega loop in cytochrome c (residues 40–57) acts as a cooperative unfolding/refolding unit under native conditions. This unit behavior accounts for an initial step on the unfolding pathway, a final step in refolding, and a number of other structural, functional and evolutionary properties.
U 6/20 supersymmetry scheme and one-nucleon-transfer reactions

The predictions derived in theU6/20 supersymmetry scheme are compared to the experimental strengths extracted from the one-proton pick-up reactions,i.e.194Pt(t, α)193Ir,196Pt(t, α)195Ir and198Pt(t, α)197Ir. The breakings ofU6/20 supersymmetry scheme in above three reactions are calculated and analysed. However, the deterioration of the agreement with increasing mass has not been seen in the comparison of the results of the Pt(t, α)Ir reactions with theU6/20 supersymmetry scheme.
Central (medullary) fibrosarcoma of bone.

1. Central or medullary fibrosarcoma is an entity and must be considered separately from similar tumors arising in the periosteum or parosteally as well as from true osteogenic (bone-forming) sarcomata. 2. The five-year survival rate in these tumor cases is much worse than in those of soft-tissue sarcomata of similar nature, but appreciably better than in those of true osteogenic sarcoma. 3. From our series it would seem that once a patient has survived for two years, the chance of a permanent cure is good.
Battle of the Atlantic: Military and Medical Role of Northern Ireland (After Pearl Harbor).

After Pearl Harbor1 I1 asked whether an American Catalina Pilot had really found the Bismarck. I was informed that he was Ensign L.B. Smith, U.S. Navy, stationed with 209 Squadron, R.A.F. Coastal Command at Lough Erne. He sighted the Bismarck 550 miles west of Land's End. Two other U.S. Navy Ensign pilots of R.A.F. Catalinas took over shadowing the Bismarck on 26 May 19412, 3. Much later I learned that Flight Lieutenant Waller of 502 (Ulster) Squadron (based in Limavady) flying a Whitley VII was sent to meet battleship King George V after she had helped sink the Bismarck. “King George V was said to be very short of fuel. We had seen two Heinkel 111 bombers as we approached King George V and we signaled by lamp to warn King George V. The message was allegedly not received by C in C Home Fleet”4. Later Waller, my future father-in-law, received an O.B.E. Military. When, sixteen years later, I went as a junior house officer at Bart's to ask former Wing Commander Waller if I could marry his only daughter, Tessa, he said, “No, your prospects are not good enough.” On my return home, my father said, “I'll call up George and remind him of his prospects at Aldergrove and Limavady. You two are made for one another”5.
Al, the Boss, and John, the Subordinate

This short fictitious case provides the background for a powerful classroom experience demonstrating how people's basic assumptions shape their behavior. After the case is distributed, different individuals tell how they would respond to it. The many varied answers give rise to the discussion about how people behave so differently with such similar data.
Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate Cellular Polarity and Tissue Structure in the Developing and Mature Retina.

While genetic networks and other intrinsic mechanisms regulate much of retinal development, interactions with the extracellular environment shape these networks and modify their output. The present review has focused on the role of one family of extracellular matrix molecules and their signaling pathways in retinal development. In addition to their effects on the developing retina, laminins play a role in maintaining Muller cell polarity and compartmentalization, thereby contributing to retinal homeostasis. This article which is intended for the clinical audience, reviews the fundamentals of retinal development, extracellular matrix organization and the role of laminins in retinal development. The role of laminin in cortical development is also briefly discussed.
Bleifreier Schichtaufbau bei Gleitlagern

Steigende spezifische Belastungen und die veranderte Gesetzeslage bei der Verwertung von Altfahrzeugen machen es erforderlich, das bisher haufig in Gleitlagern verwendete Blei durch neue Lagerwerkstoffe abzulosen. Fur hoch belastete Trockenlaufanwendungen hat Federal-Mogul mit Glyco 97 einen komplett bleifreien Werkstoff entwickelt, der die Leistungsmerkmale bisheriger Schichtformulierungen fur Trockenlauf sogar noch ubertrifft.
A Test for Cholesterol Based Upon the Use of Sulphuric Acid Containing Selenious Acid.

Cholesterol dissolved in chloroform gives a characteristic color test with concentrated sulphuric acid containing in solution 125 mg. of sodium selenite for every 25 cc. of acid. The test is made b...
The Removal of Cadmium (II) from Dilute Aqueous Solutions by Fungal Adsorbent

The metal adsorption behavior of 12 species of fungi was investigated using batch reactors. Specific surface area and surface charge characteristics of the fungal biomass were determined. The metal adsorption capacity was assessed at various pH values. A modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm including competitive H + ions was used to describe the adsorption characteristics. Physical-chemical treatment of fungal biomass does not affect metal adsorption behavior exemplified by Cd(II). The adsorption capacity of fungal biomass is also compared with other adsorbents such as activated carbon, oxide, soils and hydroxyapatite. Cd(II)-laden fungal biomass was regenerated.
Multi-locus sequence typing analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3∶K6 serotype strains isolated from Zhejiang Province,China

The molecular typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)O3∶K6serotype strains isolated from various foodborne of Zhejiang Province during past 5years was characterized for providing efficient techniques to control and prevent the food born disease caused by pathogenic bacteria in this project.Seven housekeeping genes(dnaE,gyrB,recA, dtdS,pntA,pyrC,and tnaA)of 62 V.parahaemolyticus serotype O3∶K6strains isolated from different geographic regions of Zhejiang Province from 2005to 2010were selected as target genes for PCR amplification and nucleic acid sequencing,followed by Chromas software and DNAStar software analysis.Meanwhile,the sequencing results were uploaded to the MLST database for multi-alignment to determine the sequence type of each strain.The phylogenetic tree was also constructed to analyze the degree of evolutionary similarity between each other.All 62tested strains were mainly grouped into 3types,among which 59strains belong to type ST3,and 1strain belongs to type ST121.In addition,a new type ST(5-10-34-27-77-49-23) strain was also detected.The nucleic acid sequences of 7housekeeping genes of 1strain were identical to that of type ST4strain(3,5,22,12,20,22,and 25),except for a single site mutation from C562to T562in gyrBgene.It's indicated that the type ST3is the most prevalent one in V.parahaemolyticus serotype O3∶K6strains in Zhejiang Province.In view of this,strengthen of monitoring and control of this type V.parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6strain is suggested.
Response Speed Analysis of Servomotor for Hydraulic Turbine

In order to study response speed of servomotor for hydraulic turbine deeply,the natural frequency of the system was theoretical analyzed.The conclusions of analysis are drawn that response speed is proportional to piston area and bulk modulus of hydraulic oil,while it is inverse proportional to total compression volume and total mass load.In the end,measures of improving response speed were proposed according to the practical engineering application.
Anesthesia management in operation of paediatric mediastinum tumor

Aim To discuss some anesthetic experience in operation of paediatric mediastinum tumor.Methods 9 cases of operation of paediatric mediastinum tumor from July of 2004 to March of 2008 were selected,aged from 2 months to 3 years(1.6±1.4),weighed from 5 kg to 16 kg(10.5±5.5)kg.In these cases,there were 3 right mediastinum tumors,6 left mediastinum tumors.All were ansthetized with intravenous and inhalation combined anesthesia.Results All paediatric patients survived without any severe anesthetic complication.Conclusion Appropriate preoperation evaluation and preparation strict supervision and right management during the operation are very important to ensuring the safety of paediatric patients undergoing mediastinum tumor surgery.
Self-selection of alcohol by animals, human variation, and the etiology of alcoholism. A critical review.

The experimental results (to mid-1965) in animals and man bearing upon the factors which may be related to the development of addiction and the etiology of alcoholism have been reviewed. A critical...
PET and SPECT studies in children with hemispheric low-grade gliomas

Molecular imaging is playing an increasing role in the pretreatment evaluation of low-grade gliomas. While glucose positron emission tomography (PET) can be helpful to differentiate low-grade from high-grade tumors, PET imaging with amino acid radiotracers has several advantages, such as better differentiation between tumors and non-tumorous lesions, optimized biopsy targeting, and improved detection of tumor recurrence. This review provides a brief overview of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies followed by a more detailed review of the clinical applications of glucose and amino acid PET imaging in low-grade hemispheric gliomas. We discuss key differences in the performance of the most commonly utilized PET radiotracers and highlight the advantage of PET/MRI fusion to obtain optimal information about tumor extent, heterogeneity, and metabolism. Recent data also suggest that simultaneous acquisition of PET/MR images and the combination of advanced MRI techniques with quantitative PET can further improve the pretreatment and post-treatment evaluation of pediatric brain tumors.
A Catharsis for U.S. Trust Law: American Reflections on the Panama Papers

In April 2016, a massive leak of confidential legal documents, now known as the “Panama Papers,” attracted international scrutiny and condemnation of offshore asset protection trust arrangements. Such trusts are legal to create but notoriously susceptible to abuse by wrongdoers seeking to hide assets from the peering eyes of tax collectors and creditors. The Panama Papers offer compelling evidence of something long suspected but difficult to prove for lack of transparency — even though asset-offshoring techniques may be used for legitimate purposes, they are, in fact, too often abused as a cover for criminal activity and tax evasion. In response to the leak, the U.S. Department of Justice and several foreign law enforcement agencies opened investigations into the financial improprieties uncovered by the Panama Papers. However, before criticizing offshore trust havens for capitalizing on fraudulent behavior at the expense of nonresident claimants, U.S. state lawmakers should first reflect upon the recent wave of domestic trust legislation authorizing similar conduct here at home. This Piece is a patriotic catharsis lamenting the recent trend of U.S. trust law to sanitize some of the most controversial and widely abused offshore trust practices and urges lawmakers to take steps toward its reversal. Three aspects of U.S. trust law, in particular, have authorized asset protection techniques similar to those permitted in offshore trust havens: (1) self-settled asset protection trusts, (2) nonresident tax shelters, and (3) trust secrecy. The Piece concludes with a discussion of existing federal law protections against domestic trust abuse and recommendations for reform.
Antipsychotic prescribing patterns during and after critical illness: a prospective cohort study.

Background Antipsychotics are used to treat delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) despite unproven efficacy. We hypothesized that atypical antipsychotic treatment in the ICU is a risk factor for antipsychotic prescription at discharge, a practice that might increase risk since long-term use is associated with increased mortality.
Using Piwik Instead of Google Analytics at the Cornell University Library

Like many other libraries, Cornell University Library uses Google Analytics (GA) to track website usage. GA, designed to support Google’s primary revenue stream, advertising, has many strengths, in...
LPiTrack: Eye movement pattern recognition algorithm and application to biometric identification

A comprehensive nonparametric statistical learning framework, called LPiTrack, is introduced for large-scale eye-movement pattern discovery. The foundation of our data-compression scheme is based on a new Karhunen–Loeve-type representation of the stochastic process in Hilbert space by specially designed orthonormal polynomial expansions. We apply this novel nonlinear transformation-based statistical data-processing algorithm to extract temporal-spatial-static characteristics from eye-movement trajectory data in an automated, robust way for biometric authentication. This is a significant step towards designing a next-generation gaze-based biometric identification system. We elucidate the essential components of our algorithm through data from the second Eye Movements Verification and Identification Competition, organized as a part of the 2014 International Joint Conference on Biometrics.
South Philippine Languages

South Philippine languages are one of three major language families spoken in the Philippines. Also spoken in the southern Philippines are the South Mindanao and the Sama languages, which are considered to be more closely related to languages of Indonesia and Malaysia. Although all of these languages display Philippine-type sentence structure, they also have a range of phonological and morphosyntactic features that are of special interest, e.g., CCV(C) and V(C) syllables, neutralization of vowel contrast, complex morphophonological alternations, the syntactic category marker G-, word-order inverse constructions, two active constructions in the same language, and a verb classifier. Sama languages are notable in that they are highly syntactically ergative languages.
Regularities in zebra finch song beyond the repeated motif

Abstract The proliferation of birdsong research into the neural mechanisms of vocal learning is indebted to the remarkable stereotypy of the zebra finch’s song motif. Motifs are composed of several syllables, which birds learn to produce in a fixed order. But at a higher level of organization— the bout— zebra finch song is no longer stereotyped. Song bouts include several repetitions of the motif, which are often linked by a variable number of short “connector” vocalizations. In this conceptual methods paper, we show that combinatorial analysis alone yields an incomplete description of this bout-level structure. In contrast, studying birdsong as a time-varying analog signal can reveal patterns of flexibility in the rhythmic organization of song bouts. Visualizing large song-samples in sorted raster plots shows that motifs are strung together via two distinct categories of connections: tight or loose. Loose connections allow considerable timing variation across renditions. Even among co-tutored birds that acquired similar motifs, we observe strong individual variability in rhythms and temporal plasticity of song bouts. These findings suggest that vocal flexibility could potentially allow individuals to express a variety of behavioral states through their songs, even in species that sing only a single stereotyped motif.
Expanding the Traditional Classroom via Experiential Learning

(2006). Expanding the Traditional Classroom via Experiential Learning. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 184-188.
Electrochemical techniques for monitoring and controlling corrosion in water-cooled nuclear reactor systems

Abstract: This chapter reviews the use of electrochemical methods for exploring the properties of, and the corrosion of metals and alloys in, high temperature aqueous systems that are used as coolants in thermal power plants, including water-cooled nuclear reactors. The review discusses the use of high temperature aqueous systems as reactor coolants, and then defines some of the important properties of both subcritical ( T T > 374.15°C) systems. Various sensors for monitoring the properties of both subcritical and supercritical systems are briefly discussed with emphasis on electrochemical techniques. These sensors have proven to be remarkably accurate in monitoring pH, redox potential, corrosion potential, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and hydrogen, and the monitoring of corrosion rate. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the use of electrochemical techniques and principles for controlling corrosion phenomena in operating nuclear reactors.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF NANOFLUIDS

It has been recognized that nanofluids, a suspension of nanoparticles or nanotubes with size on the order of nanometers, can exhibit very unusual properties. The thermal conductivity of an individual single wall carbon nanotube is 5-10 times greater than that of very conductive materials such as aluminum or copper. It is not surprising that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been reported to be much higher then of their base fluid, even with very low particle concentration. The increase has been reported to have very strong temperature dependence and cannot be explained by existing macroscale theories. We report on initial experiments on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids consisting of different base fluids and a wide range of carbon nanotubes concentrations.
Medical Management of Acute Facial Paralysis.

Acute facial paralysis (FP) describes acute onset of partial or complete weakness of the facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve. Acute FP occurs within a few hours to days. The differential diagnosis is broad; however, the most common cause is viral-associated Bell Palsy. A comprehensive history and physical examination are essential in arriving at a diagnosis. Medical treatment for acute FP depends on the specific diagnosis; however, corticosteroids and antiviral medications are the cornerstone of therapy. Lack of recovery after 4 months should prompt further diagnostic workup.
Hospital length of stay and healthcare costs among African American women due to obesity and diabetic conditions in United States: A model for correlation studies comparing ethnicity, co-morbidities and hospital resources.

Objective: To examine obesity and diabetes associations with United States hospital use and healthcare costs for African American women, to explore the relationship between co-morbidities of interest (obesity and diabetes) and hospital resources [length of stay (LOS) and costs]. Methods: A retrospective, correlation, quantitative analysis for lengths of hospital stay and cost among adult African American women categorized according to their weight status with type 2 diabetes. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) data which contains the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used. Focused on 803,163 African American, female inpatients between the ages of 21 and 55 in the United States from 2008 to 2010. Researcher explored the relationship between individual health factors of interest (obesity and diabetes) and the effects on hospital LOS and healthcare costs. All statistical analysis will be performed using Stata v12. All inferential tests will be two-sided and will utilize a 95% significance level. Two separate multiple regressions will be used. Results: A total of 758,874 records were retained for analysis. The patients in the weighted population ranged in age from 21 to 55 years. The patient LOS ranged from 0 to 333 days. The patients had approximately 2 procedures on average, and presented with approximately 3 chronic conditions on average. The total charges (Cost) ranged from 106 to over 1 million US dollars. The size and direction of the relationship between LOS, healthcare costs and the independent variables of diabetes and obesity suggests that both LOS and health care cost decreased for African American female patients with diabetes or obesity. There is a statistically significant relationship between at least one of the individual health factors of interest (obesity and diabetes) and hospital LOS (F = 13,394.00, P < 0.0005, R2 = 0.440) and hospital costs (F = 10,171.23, P < 0.0005, R2 = 0.502). Conclusions: There is evidence of racial and ethnic disparities in health care quality in hospital treatment of African American patients. After accounting for social determinants and insurance statuses, African Americans may receive lower-quality care than the population at large. African Americans are admitted to the hospital, but services and LOS are shorter than the general population partially due to disparities in evaluating and offering treatment. Key words: Diabetes; Obesity; African American; Length of stay; Hospital costs
Innovation, New Public Management and Digital Era Government, Towards a Better Public Sector Performance Through ICT: The Case of the Lebanese Ministry of Environment

The public sector, especially in developing countries, is encountering several problems in general and is crippled by the lack of government intervention; hence a grown awareness about the role of the public sector in gaining capacity to innovate, as innovation is a dynamic and iterative process, which includes the implementation of new ideas or approaches. In view of the challenging context, this paper assesses the needs in terms of research namely in the field of innovation in the public sector in Lebanon, especially in the Ministry of Environment; it examines the existing literature and theory regarding innovation while focusing on the new public management, the new era government, ICT and innovation theories. Using a qualitative approach, this paper reveals the actions currently undertaken by the Lebanese Government to innovate in public services using ICT which can set the scene for a better public sector performance.
Editors’ Reflections on the Crown Jewel of the Society of Counseling Psychology: 1969–2019:

The living editors of The Counseling Psychologist provide reflections on their editorial terms to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Journal. They recall their vision for the Journal and inclu...
External trigeminal nerve stimulation: Potential rescue treatment for acute vestibular migraine.

Abstract Objective Vestibular migraine (VM) is the most common neurologic cause of vertigo among adults. However, there are no specifically studied or approved rescue therapies for acute VM attacks. This study describes how external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) using the Cefaly® (CEFALY Technology, Seraing, Belgium) device relieves acute VM episodes. Methods Single-center, retrospective review of 19 patients with acute VM attacks (seen between May 2018 and June 2019) treated with 20-min eTNS. Prior to treatment, patients graded the severity of their vertigo/headache using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) with 0 representing no vertigo/headache, and 10 representing the worst imaginable vertigo/headache. After eTNS, patients graded their vertigo/headache using the same VAS 15 min. In addition, bedside neuro-otologic examination was performed before and after treatment. Results 19/19 patients reported improvement in vertigo severity. Mean vertigo severity was 6.6 (±2.1; median 7) before eTNS, and 2.7 (±2.6; median 3) following treatment; mean improvement in vertigo was 61.3% (±32.6; median 50.0%). During VM episodes, 14/19 experienced headache. Mean headache severity was 4.8 (±2.4; median 4.5) before eTNS, and was 1.4 (±2.4; median 0) following treatment; mean improvement in headache was 77.2% (±32.7; median 100.0%). Neuro-otologic examination was normal during VM attacks in all except Patient 7 who had spontaneous upbeat nystagmus which resolved after eTNS. Other improvements include improvement of eye pressure, head pressure, and chronic facial pain. No intolerable side effects were reported. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence that eTNS is a novel, non-invasive, safe and effective treatment for acute VM attacks.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF INSTRUMENT-ASSISTED SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION ON PAIN FREE RANGE OF MOTION IN A WEIGHTLIFTER WITH SUBACROMIAL PAIN SYNDROME.

Background and purpose While there is limited evidence supporting the use of soft tissue mobilization techniques for Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS), synonymous with subacromial impingement syndrome, previous studies have reported successful outcomes using soft tissue mobilization as a treatment technique. The purpose of this case report is to document the results of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) for the treatment of SAPS. Case description Diagnosis was reached based on the subject's history, tenderness to palpation, and four out of five positive tests in the diagnostic cluster. Treatment consisted of three visits where the IASTM technique was applied to the pectoral muscles as well as periscapular musculature followed by retesting pain-free shoulder flexion active range of motion (AROM) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) during active shoulder flexion. Scapulothoracic mobilization and stretching were performed after AROM measurement. Outcomes The subject reported an NPRS of 0/10 and demonstrated improvements in pain free flexion AROM in each of the three treatment sessions post-IASTM: 85 ° to 181 °, 110 ° to 171 °, and 163 ° to 174 ° with some carryover in pain reduction and pain free AROM to the next treatment. Through three treatments, DASH score improved by 17.34%, Penn Shoulder Score improved 29%, worst NPRS decreased from 4/10 to 0/10, and a GROC score of 6. Discussion IASTM may have a beneficial acute effect on pain free shoulder flexion. In conjunction with scapulothoracic mobilizations and stretching, IASTM may improve function, decrease pain, and improve patient satisfaction. While this technique will not ameliorate the underlying pathomechanics contributing to SAPS, it may serve as a valuable tool to restore ROM and decrease pain allowing the patient to reap the full benefits of a multi-modal treatment approach. Level of evidence 5.
Functional reorganization of sensory processing following long-term neural adaptation to optical defects

How we see is fundamentally limited by the eye9s optics, which determine retinal image quality and constrain neural processing. Elucidating how long-term exposure to optical defects alters visual processing is vital for understanding the human brain9s capacity for and limits of sensory plasticity. Using adaptive optics to bypass the eye9s optical aberrations, we assessed changes in visual processing in neurotypically-developed adults with keratoconus (KC)-a corneal disease causing severe optical aberrations during adulthood that cannot be fully corrected using conventional methods. As a result, KC patients are chronically exposed to degraded retinal images in their everyday life, making them an ideal model to understand how prolonged exposure to poor optical quality alters visual processing. Here, we show that when tested under similar fully-corrected optical conditions as neurotypical observers, KC patients exhibited altered contrast sensitivity, with impaired sensitivity for fine spatial details and better sensitivity for coarse spatial details. Both gains and losses in contrast sensitivity were more pronounced in patients with poorer habitual optical quality. Moreover, using an equivalent noise paradigm and a computational model of visual processing, we show that these alterations in visual processing are mediated by changes in signal enhancement of spatial frequency selective mechanisms. The present findings uncover fundamental properties of neural compensation mechanisms in response to long-term exposure to optical defects, which alter sensory processing and limit the benefits of improved optics. The outcome is a large-scale functional reorganization favoring the processing of sensory information less affected by the eye9s optics.
Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxy Morphology

This review addresses one of the important topics of current astrophysical research, namely the role that supermassive black holes play in shaping the morphology of their host galaxies. There is increasing evidence for the presence of massive black holes at the centers of all galaxies and many efforts are directed at understanding the processes that lead to their formation, the duty cycle for the active phase and the question of the fueling mechanism. Related issues are the epoch of formation of the supermassive black holes, their time evolution and growth and the role they play in the early ionization of the Universe. Considerable observational and theoretical work has been carried out in this field over the last few years and I review some of the recent key areas of progress.