cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Innervation of the subscapularis: an anatomic study.

Background Successful healing of the subscapularis during anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty surgery is critical to optimize functional outcomes and avoid complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the upper and lower subscapularis nerve insertion in relation to the musculotendinous junction to estimate the risk of nerve injury. Our hypothesis was that arm position changes the risks to these nerves when exposing the anterior glenoid. Methods Twenty cadaveric shoulders were dissected, and the subscapular nerves were identified from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus to the muscle insertion. The nerve length from the origin to the muscle insertion and the distance to the myotendinous junction were measured in various shoulder positions including neutral, external, and internal rotation. Results The mean length of the upper subscapular nerve was 51.4 ± 12.8 mm; that of the lower subscapular nerve was 50.5 ± 14 mm. The mean distance from the insertion of the upper subscapular nerve to the myotendinous junction 53.0 ± 14.7 mm with external rotation, 38.5 ± 9.7 mm with neutral rotation, and 30.0 ± 9.2 mm with internal rotation. The mean distance from the lower subscapular nerve to the myotendinous junction was 44.5 ± 13.8 mm with external rotation, 31.9 ± 9.3 mm with neutral rotation, and 25.4 ± 8.8 mm with internal rotation. The internally rotated position placed these nerves closest to the glenohumeral joint. Conclusion The upper and lower subscapular nerves insert in the muscle belly close to the myotendinous junction, putting them at risk of iatrogenic injury. Care must be taken to avoid damage with retractor placement in the anterior glenoid neck as these nerves are at risk of compression or torsional injury.
The chaotic nature of TRAPPIST-1 planetary spin states

The TRAPPIST-1 system has 7 known terrestrial planets arranged compactly in a mean-motion resonant chain around an ultra-cool central star, some within the estimated habitable zone. Given their short orbital periods of just a few days, it is often presumed that the planets are likely tidally locked such that the spin rate is equal to that of the orbital mean motion. However, the compact, and resonant, nature of the system implies that there can be significant variations in the mean motion of these planets due to their mutual interactions. Such fluctuations create a moving target between the spin rotation rate and the orbital mean motion, which we show can then have significant effects on the spin states of these planets. In this paper, we analyze, using detailed numerical simulations, the mean motion histories of the three planets that are thought to lie within or close to the habitable zone of the system: planets d, e, and f. We demonstrate that, depending on the strength of the mutual interactions within the system, these planets can be pushed into spin states which are effectively non-synchronous. We find that it can produce significant wobble of the spin state, if not complete circulation in the co-rotating frame. We also show that these spin states are likely to be unable to sustain long-term stability, with many of our simulations suggesting that the spin evolves, under the influence of tidal synchronization forces, into quasi-stable attractor states, which last on timescales of thousands of years.
Red blood cells: beyond the transfusion.

In this issue of Blood , Moller et al demonstrate lower hemoglobin levels, red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, and cerebral tissue oxygenation, as well as potentially higher morbidity, in low vs high transfusion triggers in vascular surgery patients. 1
Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children.

Background:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare neurologic condition characterized by elevated intracranial pressure with normal cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging. A subset of...
Abstract P2042: Alteration of Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation and Nuclear Transcription Factors Reduces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Aged Hypertensive Kidney

Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to aging and target organ injury during hypertension. Aberrant DNA methylation of mitochondrial genes can affect mitochondrial c...
Proteomic identification of aerobic glycolysis as a potential metabolic target for methylglyoxal in adipocytes

Obesity is often accompanied by metabolic changes in adipocytes that are closely associated with metabolic disease. Although high sugar consumption contributes to obesity, it may also directly affect adipocytes by increasing the rate of glycolysis and formation of the glycolytic by-product methylglyoxal (MG). MG is a reactive dicarbonyl that irreversibly damages proteins and other cellular components. Although the accumulation of MG is clinically associated with hyperglycemia and diabetic complications, a better understanding of how proteins are regulated by MG is needed to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Because adipocytes rely heavily on glycolysis for glucose disposal, we hypothesized that prolonged MG treatment at nontoxic concentrations would impact the landscape of proteins involved in glucose metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with MG (100 μmol/L) and used comparative proteomics to assess the effects. We identified 25 differentially expressed proteins in adipocytes treated with MG compared to the control. Our results suggested that MG induced metabolic changes typically associated with aerobic glycolysis, including a lowered expression of proteins involved in oxidative metabolism and increased expression of the glycolytic enzymes L-lactate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The detection of increased lactate secreted into the culture media of adipocytes treated with MG further supported these findings, as did gene expression analysis. In summary, these results indicate MG as a metabolic contributor to aerobic glycolysis in adipocytes, a potential adaptive response to increased glucose flux which over time could lead to permanent metabolic changes.
Designing sub-20 nm self-assembled nanocarriers for small molecule delivery: Interplay among structural geometry, assembly energetics, and cargo release kinetics.

Abstract Biological constraints in diseased tissues have motivated the need for small nanocarriers (10–30 nm) to achieve sufficient vascular extravasation and pervasive tumor penetration. This particle size limit is only an order of magnitude larger than small molecules, such that cargo loading is better described by co-assembly processes rather than simple encapsulation. Understanding the structural, kinetic, and energetic contributions of carrier-cargo co-assembly is thus critical to achieve molecular-level control towards predictable in vivo behavior. These interconnected set of properties were systematically examined using sub-20 nm self-assembled nanocarriers known as three-helix micelles (3HM). Both hydrophobicity and the “geometric packing parameter” dictate small molecule compatibility with 3HM's alkyl tail core. Planar obelisk-like apomorphine and doxorubicin (DOX) molecules intercalated well within the 3HM core and near the core-shell interface, forming an integral component to the co-assembly, as corroborated by small-angle X-ray and neutron-scattering structural studies. DOX promoted crystalline alkyl tail ordering, which significantly increased (+63%) the activation energy of 3HM subunit exchange. Subsequently, 3HM-DOX displayed slow-release kinetics (t1/2 = 40 h) at physiological temperatures, with ~50× greater cargo preference for the micelle core as described by two drug partitioning coefficients (micellar core/shell Kp1 ~ 24, and shell/bulk solvent Kp2 ~ 2). The geometric and energetic insights between nanocarrier and their small molecule cargos developed here will aid in broader efforts to deconvolute the interconnected properties of carrier-drug co-assemblies. Adding this knowledge to pharmacological and immunological explorations will expand our understanding of nanomedicine behavior throughout all the physical and in vivo processes they are intended to encounter.
Existencias entrelazadas: Francisco de Quevedo y Ferdinad Celine

Francisco de Quevedo and Ferdinand Celine share genius and abjection, with them one passes from literary glare to the disappointment of the person. I present the life and work of these two writers as intertwined and distinct existences which obey a common character: the satirical temperament. The first intention of this work will be to offer an explanation of the disconcerting discord in order to offer a way to understand the relationship that exists between genius and man. The second objective will be to analyze the letters from the Quevedo and Celine jail. Of course, the satirical character also functions as a box within which the explanation that I will expose about the letters acquires greater importance.
A conceptual framework for treating jaw deformities in patients with abnormal condyles: preservation versus replacement of the glenoid fossa–disc–condyle–ramus

This article outlines a conceptual approach to the reconstruction of jaw deformities associated with abnormalities in the mandibular condyle. The authors describe a hierarchy of reconstruction, emphasizing use of the least invasive and progressing to the most complex and invasive techniques, depending on the nature and severity of the underlying deformity, prior operations, patient age, and stage of growth. Consider joint preservation orthognathic surgical correction, followed by biological techniques for replacement of the condyle, and avoid replacing a functional temporomandibular joint based only on radiographic remodeling and concerns about potential future flare-ups of disease based on anecdotal data.
Aging and Dementia

As we are passing through an era of a demographic shift, we now have millions of older citizens around us. Growing old is not easy, either on bodies or minds. As we grow older, our knowledge grows, our experience grows, but at the same time, we lose so many things with our progression toward elderhood. Our general cognitive ability tends to decline throughout adulthood, and as an obvious consequence, the number of dementia patients is increasing in every part of the globe. Dementia, which is considered the progressive deterioration of the cognitive function of an individual, is one of the leading causes of death in the current world. Dementia is probably the most unrecognized and undertreated chronic condition in the present world. As there is no definitive curative management available, this is one of the significant public health concerns. This chapter discusses various aspects of dementia and its types, causes, and management, including the virtual dementia tour.
Evaluation of water sampling methodologies for amplicon-based characterization of bacterial community structure

Abstract Reduction in costs of next-generation sequencing technologies has allowed unprecedented characterization of bacterial communities from environmental samples including aquatic ecosystems. However, the extent to which extrinsic factors including sampling volume, sample replication, DNA extraction kits, and sequencing target affect the community structure inferred are poorly explored. Here, triplicate 1, 2, and 6 L volume water samples from the Upper Mississippi River were processed to determine variation among replicates and sample volumes. Replicate variability significantly influenced differences in the community α-diversity (P = 0.046), while volume significantly changed β-diversity (P = 0.037). Differences in phylogenetic and taxonomic community structure differed both among triplicate samples and among the volumes filtered. Communities from 2 L and 6 L water samples showed similar clustering via discriminant analysis. To assess variation due to DNA extraction method, DNA was extracted from triplicate cell pellets from four sites along the Upper Mississippi River using the Epicentre Metagenomic DNA Isolation Kit for Water and MoBio PowerSoil kit. Operational taxonomic units representing ≤ 14% of sequence reads differed significantly among all sites and extraction kits used, although differences in diversity and community coverage were not significant (P ≥ 0.057). Samples characterized using only the V6 region had significantly higher coverage and lower richness and α-diversity than those characterized using V4–V6 regions (P
Campaign Signs and the Collection Plate - Never the Twain Shall Meet?

Churches and other houses of worship have been unable to both maintain their tax-exempt status and engage in political activity ever since then-Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson proposed an amendment to Congress back in 1954. His amendment was adopted verbatim without hearings or testimony. Since that time, federal legislators have attempted time and again to lift this ban. Should churches and other houses of worship be allowed to participate in politics? This article explores this topic and the author determines that church and other houses of worship political activity is unnecessary, will have unintended consequences, and will be impossible to monitor.
DYNAMIC VALIDATION OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION FOR VEHICLE CRASH

The paper describes two crash tests designed to validate a computer simulation developed for predicting the large dynamic plastic response of vehicle structures under crash conditions. The test structures were idealized quarter scale models consisting of frame and rigid body elements. Both direct and oblique pole impacts are reported. Impact speed was 30 MPH. Predicted and experimental results are compared for the crush displacements, impact force at the pole barrier, and acceleration histories at two points on the "passenger compartment" mass. Good agreement is obtained for the symmetric test. Results for the oblique test are not as uniformly good, but quantitative agreement is still satisfactory. Comparison of dynamic variables is sensitive to both the filtering of the raw test data and the numerical integration procedure employed in the simulation. It is demonstrated that the use of appropriate error measures to select step size insures the efficient convergence to a signal with the frequency content of interest in crashworthiness applications.
Transforming Teaching and Learning with Active and Dramatic Approaches: Engaging Students Across the Curriculum

Brief Contents Foreword, Shirley Brice Heath Preface 1. Be Active and Dramatic in Dialogue to Transform Learning 2. Build Community 3. Plan for a Journey of Exploration 4. Teach for Authentic and Critical Inquiry 5. Be Tactical and Strategic to Transform Teaching 6. Assess What You Value in Achievement 7. Embrace the Complexity and Simplicity of Dramatic Pedagogy Afterword, Cecily O'Neill References Index
Impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the incidence of brain metastasis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on incidence of brain metastasis (brain metastasis) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). METHODS: All patients who presented with mRCC but no brain metastasis in the intervals 2002 to 2003 and 2006 to 2007 were identified using the institutional tumor registry. The following data were collected: age, sex, Fuhrman grade, disease sites, nephrectomy, systemic therapy including TKIs (sorafenib or sunitinib), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center risk category, brain metastasis treatment, and vital status. Statistical analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of the 338 patients who were identified; 154 (46%) were treated with a TKI before brain metastasis, and 184 (54%) were not. There were no significant differences in age, histology, nephrectomy, involved sites of disease other than lung, or Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center risk category between the groups. Median OS was longer in the TKI-treated group (25 months vs 12.1 months, P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, TKI treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.74; P < .001) was associated with improved OS. Forty-four (13%) patients developed a brain metastasis, including 29 (15.8%) of the non-TKI group and 15 (9.7%) of the TKI group. The 5-year actuarial rate of brain metastasis was 40% versus 17%, respectively (P < .001). TKI treatment was associated with lower incidence of brain metastasis in Cox multivariate analysis (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.73; P = .003). Lung metastasis increased the risk of brain metastasis (HR, 9.61; 95% CI, 2.97-31.1; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with TKI agents reduces the incidence of brain metastasis in mRCC. Lung metastasis is a risk factor for brain metastasis development. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE CAPPADOCIANS: PAST AND PRESENT

Theologians have long recognized that the Cappadocian fathers are a valuable resource for contemporary reflection on the Holy Spirit. The modern use of their work, however, tends to reflect only a thin sampling of their many writings; it shows little awareness of their complicated historical situation; and it generally operates on the false assumption that Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa offer but three versions of the same theological project. This article provides a new comparative assessment of Cappadocian pneumatology in connection with larger Trinitarian concerns and with practical matters of spirituality, monasticism, and the role of divine grace in the Christian life. It highlights the distinctive character of each theologian's approach to the Holy Spirit by analyzing their relationships to prior fourth-century traditions, their respective uses of Origen, and their differing stances in the contemporary debates with the Pneumatomachians. It argues that Basil's work on the Spirit is less fully Trinitarian and ascetically weaker than that of the other two, that Gregory Nazianzen offers the most fully Trinitarian and methodologically insightful pneumatology of the three, and that the Holy Spirit plays only a minor role in Gregory of Nyssa's theological and ascetical system. In conclusion, it identifies three key areas in which the Cappadocians can still make a significant contribution to current work on the Holy Spirit.
Evaluation of Information Visualization Tools Using the NFR Approach

Determination of quality of information visualization (infovis) tools will assist practitioners in industry and academia to choose the appropriate tools for their needs. Infovis tools are widely used to visualize data-intensive applications so that quick decisions may be taken. In this paper we use a novel technique, the NFR Approach, to determine quality of infovis tools. The NFR Approach considers visualizability as an important non-functional requirement (NFR) for infovis tools and evaluates visualizability to determine the quality of these tools. The chief artifact that the NFR Approach employs for evaluation is the softgoal interdependency graph (SIG) wherein factors affecting visualizabil-ity are related to tool features by means of contributions that come in four flavors. Well-defined propagation rules help determine a qualitative score for visualizability based on the contributions. The chief advantages of the NFR Approach include rationale for the scores, flexibility to accommodate different definitions for visualizability, and historical record-keeping. The NFR Approach is validated by applying the Approach to three infovis tools --- Prefuse, Tom Sawyer, and GnuPlot.
Applications of Domain Decomposition and Partition of Unity Methods in Physics and Geometry

We consider a class of adaptive multilevel domain decomposition-like algorithms, built from a combination of adaptive multilevel finite element, domain decomposition, and partition of unity methods. These algorithms have several interesting features such as very low communication requirements, and they inherit a simple and elegant approximation theory framework from partition of unity methods. They are also very easy to use with highly complex sequential adaptive finite element packages, requiring little or no modification of the underlying sequential finite element software. The parallel algorithm can be implemented as a simple loop which starts off a sequential local adaptive solve on a collection of processors simultaneously. We first review the Partition of Unity Method (PUM) of Babuvska and Melenk, and outline the PUM approximation theory framework. We then describe a variant we refer to here as the Parallel Partition of Unity Method (PPUM), which is a combination of the Partition of Unity Method with the parallel adaptive algorithm of Bank and Holst. We then derive two global error estimates for PPUM, by exploiting the PUM analysis framework it inherits, and by employing some recent local estimates of Xu and Zhou. We then discuss a duality-based variant of PPUM which is more appropriate for certain applications, and we derive a suitable variant of the PPUM approximation theory framework. Our implementation of PPUM-type algorithms using the FETK and MC software packages is described. We then present a short numerical example involving the Einstein constraints arising in gravitational wave models.
The Biosynthesis of Polyketide Metabolites by Dinoflagellates

Publisher Summary Dinoflagellates are members of the eukaryotic subgroup alveolates along with apicomplexans and ciliates. The majority of dinoflagellate toxins are polyketide in origin. Polyketides are biosynthesized via the sequential Claisen condensations of small carboxylic acid subunits in a fashion reminiscent of fatty acid biosynthesis. Based on their size, functionalities, and complex structures, one would predict that dinoflagellate-derived polyketides are biosynthesized by Type I modular PKSs. These enzymes are composed of multiple enzymatic domains on the same polypeptide chain. Thus, they are large, multifunctional, and can generate complex structures. Typical structures produced by Type I PKSs are polyenes, macrocycles (including macrolides and nonmacrolides), and polyethers, whereas Type II PKSs produce aromatic polyketides. In addition, PKS-encoding genes have been identified in a dinoflagellate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) library (vide infra). The motivation to identify genes related to polyketide biosynthesis in dinoflagellates is twofold. First, the manipulation of PKS associate genes could provide unprecedented biosynthetic capability to the growing field of combinatorial biosynthesis. Second, an understanding of regulation of polyketide biosynthetic genes may present novel and improved strategies for predicting and monitoring toxic blooms. The demand for novel polyketides in uses such as medicinals, as molecular tools, and in understanding toxin biosynthesis will continue to drive research in this field.
IRB Decision‐Making with Imperfect Knowledge: A Framework for Evidence‐Based Research Ethics Review

Here we describe the five steps of evidence-based practice as applied to research ethics review and apply these steps to three exemplar dilemmas: incentive payments in substance abuse research; informed consent for biobanking; and placebo-controlled trials involving pregnant women in order to demonstrate the potential of empirical data to inform and improve IRB decision-making.
Tripartite haemolysin BL: isolation and characterization of two distinct homologous sets of components from a single Bacillus cereus isolate.

Haemolysin BL (HBL), a three-component enterotoxic/necrotizing/vascular permeability toxin, is a likely virulence factor of Bacillus cereus diarrhoeal food poisoning and necrotic infections. This paper describes the isolation of two distinct homologous sets of all three HBL components from a single B. cereus isolate, MGBC 145. The proteins of one set (designated HBL, consisting of B, L1 and L2), were about 87–100% identical in N-terminal amino acid sequences to their respective prototype components from strain F837/76, and the proteins of the homologous set (HBLa, consisting of Ba, L1a and L2a) were all about 62–65% identical. Only the latter homologues differed immunochemically and physicochemically from the prototypes. HBL and HBLa exhibited similar haemolytic and vascular permeability potencies, and the homologues could be interchanged freely. There were no notable differences in activity between the L component homologues. However, components B and Ba were significantly different. Both were secreted as monomers, but unlike B, Ba was isolated as a relatively inactive complex that could be reactivated with urea. When Ba was substituted for B in gel-diffusion assays the distinct discontinuous haemolysis pattern typical of the presence of B did not occur. In suspension assays, excess B inhibited the haemolysis of B-primed cells by L1 (as previously described), but not that of Ba-primed cells. Excess Ba had the opposite effect and enhanced lysis of Ba-primed cells, but not that of B-primed cells. These differences reveal details about how the toxin components interact on target cell membranes. The authors’ observations indicate that HBL represents a new family of multicomponent toxins that was generated by a process of gene and operon duplication that occurred either intracellularly or by horizontal transfer, and raise the possibility of the existence of other related toxins in the genetically diverse B. cereus taxonomic group.
Why they collect: collectors reveal their motivations

This paper reviews traditional psychoanalytic ideas on the motivations of collectors as well as newer ‘relational-model’ psychoanalytic approaches focusing on the development and stability of the self. Descriptive data on motivations are presented, based on 112 collectors’ responses to a questionnaire and 55 letters from collectors. Categorization of motivations was based on the meanings of collecting (1) to the self; (2) to others; (3) as preservation, restoration, history, and a sense of continuity; (4) as financial investment and (5) as addiction. Suggestions for future research include the use of in-depth interviews with collectors over a period of years in efforts to further explore motivations as well as changes in collecting patterns over time.
Performance analysis of resilient dynamic feedback H 2 controllers

In this work, a procedure is presented for performance analysis of the resilience and H 2 property of continuous-time systems controlled by full-order dynamic feedback compensators. The resilience property is defined in terms of perturbations on both the controller and observer gains that will maintain controller and observer eigenvalues in disjoint vertical strips in the complex plane. Maximum gain perturbation bounds can be obtained based on the designer's choices of controller and observer eigenvalue regions and the resulting H 2 -norm bound is calculated. The linear matrix inequality technique is used throughout the analysis process. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development

Preface. Introduction. 1. What Promotes Adaptive Motivation? Four Beliefs and Four Truths about Ability, Success, Praise, and Confidence. 2. When Failure Undermines and When Failure Motivates: Helpless and Mastery-Oriented Responses. 3. Achievement Goals: Looking Smart vs. Learning. 4. Is Intelligence Fixed or Changeable? Students' Theories About Their Intelligence Foster Their Achievement Goals. 5. Theories of Intelligence Predict (and Create) Differences in Achievement. 6. Theories of Intelligence Create High and Low Effort. 7. Theories and Goals Predict Self-Esteem Loss and Depressive Reactions. 8. Why Confidence and Success Are Not Enough. 9. What Is IQ and Does It Matter? 10. Believing in Fixed Social Traits: Impact on Social Coping. 11. Judging and Labeling Others: Another Effect of Implicit Theories. 12. Belief in the Potential to Change. 13. Holding and Forming Stereotypes. 14. How Does It All Begin? Young Children's Theories about Goodness and Badness. 15. Kinds of Praise and Criticism: The Origins of Vulnerability. 16. Praising Intelligence: More Praise that Backfires. 17. Misconceptions about Self-Esteem and about How to Foster It. 18. Personality, Motivation, Development, and the Self: Theoretical Reflections. 19. Final Thoughts on Controversial Issues.
Variation in foliar δ13C in Hawaiian Metrosideros polymorpha: a case of internal resistance?

Sun leaves of Metrosideros polymorpha were collected in 51 sites on 9 lava flows that represented gradients of elevation, precipitation, substrate age, and substrate texture on Mauna Loa volcano, Hawai'i. Leaf mass per unit leaf area increased with increasing elevation on all flows, while foliar nitrogen concentration decreased with increasing elevation and increased with increasing substrate age. Foliar δ13C became less negative with increasing elevation on the wet east-side lava flows, but not the dry northwest-side flows; it did not reflect patterns of precipitation or presumed water availability. δ13C was very strongly correlated with leaf mass per area across all of the sites. Limited gas-exchange information suggested that calculated ci/ca did not decrease with elevation in association with less-negative δ13C, and photosynthesis per unit of nitrogen was significantly reduced in high-elevation plants. These results are consistent with a substantial internal resistance to CO2 diffusion in the thick Metrosideros polymorpha leaves in high elevation sites.
344: Health care utilization during pregnancy: the impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index

life-births and 4 fetal deaths (2.5%); 2 fetus with structural cardiac anomalies. Two (1.2%) neonatal deaths occurred after preterm delivery at 20 and 22 2 weeks gestation. Overall there were 6 fetus with structural cardiac anomalies in 75 women with congenital heart disease (8%).The mean gestational age at delivery was 265 days. The average birthweight at delivery was 3063 grams. Preterm delivery spontaneous or induced occurred in 29 (18%) patients. There were 20 (12.8%) neonates small for gestational age ( 10th percentile) and 34 (21.8%) admittances on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in women with heart disease is associated with preterm birth, small for gestational age and increased perinatal mortality. Even for women in NYHA I/II adverse perinatal outcome is high.
Tryptophan and Proteins Can Be Entrapped in UV Transmitting Glass

It is demonstrated that tryptophan and proteins (parvalbumin and alcohol dehydrogenase) can be entrapped in silica glass. The silica glass is transparent in the UV spectral region, allowing for spectroscopic studies of immobilized proteins. The fluorescence spectra and phosphorescence spectra and lifetime of entrapped proteins resemble those observed for the molecules in aqueous solution.
Science and religion in the twenty-first century

To achieve peace on our planet we must bridge the gap not only between science and religion but also among faith traditions. Accepting the doctrine of multiple paths can reduce interreligious tensions. Every view of the Divine is partial, every faith system rests upon supreme spiritual experiences, and each one provides fulfillment in the yearning to connect with the Cosmic Mystery.
Safety issues in combined gynecologic and plastic surgical procedures.

Abstract Objectives The combination of gynecologic and plastic surgery procedures in a single surgical setting is becoming increasingly common because it reduces the number of general anesthetics and shortens overall recovery time. The primary concern should be patient safety. Methods A MEDLINE search from 1980 to 2007 was conducted. Articles addressing combined gynecologic surgery with one of the various plastic surgical procedures of the abdomen (abdominoplasty, panniculectomy, and abdominal liposuction) were reviewed. The authors' comprehensive approach to the management of these patients was evaluated. Results A unique set of safety issues exists depending on the specific combination of procedures. A review of the literature is discussed, as well as recommendations for maximizing the aesthetic outcomes while optimizing patient safety. Preoperative planning, intraoperative concerns, and postoperative care are all addressed in detail. Conclusions Using a team approach and employing the outlined strategies to minimize complications, combined plastic and gynecologic procedures can be performed safely in appropriate patients.
Infant visual habituation

The use of visual habituation in the study of infant cognition and learning is reviewed. This article traces the history of the technique, underlying theory, and procedural variation in its measurement. In addition, we review empirical findings with respect to the cognitive processes that presumably contribute to habituation, studies of developmental course and long-term prediction, as well as recent attempts to address or explain the phenomenon of visual habituation through the use of mathematical or quantitative models. The review ends with an appeal for a return to the study of habituation per se as a valid measure of infant learning, rather than relegating the phenomenon to its use as a technique for familiarizing infants in procedures testing for discrimination or recognition.
The Dynamics of Governmental Structure and the Advancement of Women: A Comparison of Sri Lanka and Malaysia

Economic development, elite cooperation, and a lack of ethnic hostility are necessary for the advancement of women in developing countries. Clearly, the structure of government institutions has determinative power in mediating conflict, along with allowing women and ethnic groups the opportunities and benefits for political participation. Consociational democracies are excellent examples of institutions moderating ethnic tensions through accommodation and power-sharing. I address whether consociational democracy provides an environment conducive to women's political participation in developing countries. The paper examines the history and current status of women in Sri Lanka and Malaysia and notes that women in Malaysia, which uses consociational democracy, fare much better than women in Sri Lanka. The result is particularly compelling because Sri Lanka was believed to have a superior environment for development at the time of its independence than Malaysia. Differing governmental structures are believed to explain the relative success of women in Malaysia and their current difficulties in Sri Lanka.
The combination of pulsed acousto-optic imaging and B-mode diagnostic ultrasound for three-dimensional imaging in ex vivo biological tissue

A multimode imaging system, producing conventional ultrasound (US) and acousto-optic (AO) images, has been developed and used to detect optical absorbers buried in excised biological tissue. A commercially-available diagnostic ultrasound imaging transducer is used to both generate B-mode ultrasound images and as a pump for AO imaging. Due to the fact that the steered and focused beam used for US imaging and the US source for pumping the AO image are generated from the same ultrasound probe, the acoustical and optical images are intrinsically co-registered. AO imaging is performed using short ultrasound pulse trains at a frequency of 5 MHz. The phase-modulated light emitted from the interaction region is detected using a photorefractive-crystal based interferometry system. Experimental results have previously been presented for the two-dimensional imaging in tissue-mimicking phantoms. In this paper, we report further experimental developments demonstrating three-dimensional fusion of B-mode ultrasound imaging and pulsed acousto-optic imaging in excised biological tissue (~2 cm thick). By mechanically scanning the ultrasound transducer array in a direction perpendicular to its imaging plane, both the acoustical and optical properties of an embedded target are obtained in three dimensions. The results suggest that AO imaging could be used to supplement conventional B-mode ultrasound imaging with optical contrast, and the multimode imaging system may find application in the detection and diagnosis of cancer.
Familial mesothelioma: Review and family study

To date, with few exceptions, primary attention to the etiology of malignant mesothelioma has been focused on environmental factors. However, several reports of familial aggregations of mesothelioma strongly support the supposition that host factors, in concert with environmental exposure, particularly asbestos, may contribute etiologically to an as yet unknown fraction of occurrences of this disease. However, in evaluation of familial mesothelioma, it is important to consider the possibility of household exposure to asbestos. We report a family in which two brothers with prolonged occupational asbestos exposure manifested malignant pleural mesotheliomas of similar histology.
Image Processing and Recognition System Based on DaVinci Technology for Coal and Gangue

In this paper, an image processing and recognition system of the coal and gangue has been studied. We adopt digital video processing technology of high performance---DaVinci technology to design the system, which is made up by the chip DM6437 and some peripheral auxiliary equipment. The system takes advantage of the high performance of the chip to process the real-time image collected by the CCD camera. The system uses optimized image processing and recognition algorithms, and makes the recognition of coal and gangue by the different characteristic of their histograms. In the system, the histogram and processing image of coal and gangue can be displayed on the monitor.
Male Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) Respond Differentially to Playback of Local and Foreign Song

ABSTRACT The songs of oscine birds, given their cultural inheritance, can readily diverge, which can foster assortative mating and ultimately reproductive isolation. The species complex of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) consists of at least six distinct subspecies and represents an ideal system for studying divergence in mating signals owing to its recent, rapid radiation throughout North America since the last glaciation (<15,000 yrs). Each subspecies of Dark-eyed Junco is characterized by distinct plumage and morphological characteristics, but divergence among the subspecies in song and the role of song as a potential isolating mechanism remains to be rigorously tested. In this study, I compared territorial responses of male juncos in Virginia to playback of locally recorded songs and songs recorded from a different population and subspecies in California. Males responded aggressively to playbacks from both populations, but they approached more rapidly and closely, and performed more flyovers when re...
Female Adolescents' Ego Development: Age Comparisons and Childrearing Perceptions

This study was designed to examine the relationship between perceptions of parental socialization styles and ego development in female high school students. Inasmuch as previous research has provided evidence implying that age is a mediating variable related to ego development, a second goal of this investigation was to replicate these findings. A total of 137, 15 to 18 year old females responded to a child rearing perceptions scale and an ego development instrument. A discriminant analysis revealed that female ego development is facilitated when subjects perceive (1) maternal allowance of freedom and independence, (2) paternal approval and praise, and (3) minimal paternal control and regulation. The analysis which utilized ego development as a dependent measure and age as the independent variable revealed a nonsignificant increase in ego development with corresponding age increments. Collectively, these data suggest that ego development is mediated by age and perceived child rearing experience.
Remote sensing of fine and coarse mode atmospheric aerosols using ground-based sun-photometry

We recently developed a new version of our analysis algorithm for Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) data that allows us to retrieve fine mode and coarse mode aerosol optical thickness as well as the effective radius of the fine mode. Our retrieval products also include time series of column amounts of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The algorithm has been tested using a multi-year dataset from the local MFRSR network at the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program site in Southern Great Plains (SGP). Here we present an overview of the retrieval algorithm and validate its performance through comparison of our MFRSR retrieval products with the corresponding AERONET almucantar retrieval results derived from a CIMEL sunphotometer co-located with the MFRSR at the SGP Central Facility. A constrained variant of the retrieval algorithm (assuming zero nitrogen dioxide column values) is described in detail. We use this variant of the algorithm to derive the range of physically justified values of the fine mode effective radius and for comparison with AERONET particle size retrievals. A multi-instrument, multi-year, MFRSR dataset from the SGP Extended Facilities is used to examine geographical and seasonal variability of aerosol properties. We find a correspondence between the geographical variation in fine mode particle size and aerosol composition (nitrates vs. sulfates) as measured by National Atmospheric Deposition Program. A similar correspondence in terms of temporal variability exists between our retrievals and in-situ measurements of aerosol composition made by NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) at SGP Central Facility.
Sex role, cooperation and competition in a two-person, non-zero sum game:

In an earlier paper (1) the author presented the results of a study in which cooperative behavior in a two-person, nonzero sum game was predicted on the basis of political attitudes. It is the purpose of the present article to report the negative findings of a second experiment designed to test the effects of sex role upon performance in the very same game. The experimental situation was a game played by two players, each of whom could make one of two choices, red or black. With two choices for each player there are four possible outcomes, each having a different pay-off value as shown in Figure 1. If the rows in the diagram represent the first player's strategy choices and the columns represent those of the second player,
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING (BI,PB)-SR-CA-CU-O THICK FILMS ON SR-CA-CU-O SUBSTRATES

We have used a new technique to prepare thick films (about 1 µm) of the Bi(Pb)-based hightemperature superconductors. The method begins by standard powder synthesis of the substrateusing strontium and calcium carbonates and copper oxide in the nominal ratio 3:3:4. Pb may beintroduced into the sample by adding lead oxide. The material is fired in air to 975°C for 24 hourswith one intermediate grinding and pressing of pellets. Bi metal is evaporated onto the surface ofthe pellet. Patterning may be easily accomplished using metal masking. The film is then heattreated in air. Subsequent characterization using resistivity, dc magnetization, x-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy has been performed.
Impact and Fire Modeling Considerations Employing SPH Coupling to a Dilute Spray Fire Code

Transportation accidents and the subsequent fire present a concern. Particularly energetic accidents like an aircraft impact or a high speed highway accident can be quite violent. We would like to develop and maintain a capability at Sandia National Laboratories to model these very challenging events. We have identified Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) as a good method to employ for the impact dynamics of the fluid for severe impacts. SPH is capable of modeling viscous and inertial effects for these impacts for short times. We have also identified our fire code Lagrangian/Eulerian (L/E) particle capability as an adequate method for fuel transport and spray modeling. A fire code can also model the subsequent fire for a fuel impact. Surface deposition of the liquid may also be acceptably predicted with the same code. These two methods (SPH and L/E) typically employ complimentary length and timescales for the calculation, and are potentially suited for coupling given adequate attention to relevant details. Length and timescale interactions are important considerations when joining the two capabilities. Additionally, there are physical model inadequacy considerations that contribute to the accuracy of the methodology. These models and methods are presented and evaluated. Some of these concerns are detailed for a verification type scenario used to show the work in progress of this coupling capability. The importance of validation methods and their appropriate application to the genesis of this class of predictive tool are also discussed.© 2009 ASME
The Effects of Walp Peptides on Phase Behavior in Quaternary Lipid Mixtures: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Quaternary lipid mixtures containing a high-melting lipid, a nanodomain-inducing low-melting lipid, a macrodomain-inducing low-melting lipid and cholesterol reveal behaviors not observed in ternary mixtures. Through fixing the amounts of high-melting lipid, total low-melting lipid and cholesterol and altering only the relative amounts of the two low-melting lipids, domain size in quaternary mixtures can be finely tuned from nanoscopic to macroscopic, with an intermediate patterned phase morphology. We have previously used extensive coarse grain and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study one such quaternary lipid mixture, containing the high-melting lipid DPPC (16:0,16:0-PC), the low-melting lipids PUPC (16:0,18:2-PC) and DUPC (18:2,18:2-PC), and cholesterol. In particular, we quantified the effect of the two low-melting lipids on domain size, alignment, lipid order and lipid tilt. Using those simulations as a control, we are currently evaluating how adding WALP peptides to the quaternary mixture affects the sizes, alignment and properties of coexisting phases using coarse grained molecular dynamics. We examine how these properties are affected by both the length of the WALP peptide as well as their concentration. A main focus of our work is analyzing the extent to which the WALPs alter the onset of large-scale phase separation and domain alignment. The addition of WALP to the quaternary systems makes these simulations some of the most complex and biologically relevant membranes studied to date with molecular dynamics.
Optoelectronic properties of ZnTe/Si heterostructures formed by nanosecond laser deposition at different Nd:YAG laser lines

Thin-film ZnTe was deposited on n-type Si with low-temperature pulsed-laser deposition using nanosecond pulses of a Nd:YAG laser at either 1064, 532, or 355 nm. All produced samples exhibited clearly established rectification, providing confirmation of the intrinsic p-type character of the deposited ZnTe films. Furthermore, the samples possessed intrinsic photosensitivity as expected from photodiodes. The investigations revealed that the ZnTe films are of amorphous texture with an optical bandgap close to the fundamental transition in silicon. In addition, our discussion stresses the sensitivity of lock-in technique to the origin of the photocurrent contribution in heterostructures. Notably, from the viewpoint of materials merger, the work reveals that laser deposition of ZnTe or p-type GaAs on n-type Si might result in photodiodes with identical intrinsic photocurrent spectra.