cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined Feedforward/Feedback Control for Tape Head Track-Following Servo Systems

Abstract In order to remain competitive with other data storage technologies, the tape industry is planning to significantly increase track densities on tape. Higher track densities require narrower track pitch and more precise positioning of the read/write heads. Hence, improved track-following servo systems for the head assembly are needed. Longitudinal transport of the tape along the tape path is subject to lateral disturbances that cause displacement between the head and the desired track and hence increase position error. This paper proposes a combined feedforward/feedback control scheme to improve the track-following performance of the tape head positioning system in the presence of lateral tape motion (LTM). In this architecture, the feedback controller is designed to guarantee system stability and take into account the lower frequency components in the disturbances. The feedforward controller requires as its input a prediction of the lateral tape motion displacement (LTMD) at the head assembly. We propose a least squares based algorithm to predict the LTMD at the head from a history of upstream and downstream LTMD measurements. Compared to using feedback-only control, the combined feedforward/feedback controller enables the head assembly to be positioned more accurately over the desired track.
Better on wafer performance and mask manufacturability of contacts with no or non-traditional serifs

In the course of using Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) to optimize contact printing, the obvious solution is not always the correct solution. This paper will explore two different types of contact layers, with two different sets of objectives. In the first type of contact layer, the primary objective is to achieve consistent area uniformity. For these designs, use of contacts without serifs over contacts with traditional corner serifs will result in a mask that has a lower data volume input to the mask writer and an easier time in inspection and repair. We also show that on the wafer, this simpler style of OPC will result in lower variation of area and CD. In second type of contact layer, there are additional complicating factors over the first type of contact layer in that these mask designs include layouts with different sizes of contacts that must be printed simultaneously. As contacts get pushed close together on corner to corner type spacing, traditional serifs will be more likely to drive mask inspection issues and high mask error enhancement factor (meef). One way to address this is with OPC that employs inverse serifs, with the center fragment of the rectangle pushed out and the corners pushed in. This approach reduces meef and provides better image parameters for lower variability through process window. However, this solution does not lend itself to very aggressive correction to achieve aggressive contact aspect ratios. We compare these different OPC strategies (squares, traditional corner serifs and inverse corner serifs) and describe the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Measurement of the force and torque produced in the calcium response of reactivated rat sperm flagella.

Rat sperm that are demembranated with Triton X-100 and reactivated with Mg-ATP show a strong mechanical response to the presence of free calcium ion. At pCa 95%) after being straightened and released. The results from manipulating the shortened flagella suggest that the force holding the hook in the curved configuration is generated in the basal 60 microm of the flagellum. The force required to straighten the calcium-induced hooks was measured with force-calibrated glass microprobes, and the bending torque was calculated from the measured force. The force and torque required to straighten the flagellum were found to be proportional to the change in curvature of the hooked region of the flagellum, suggesting an elastic-like behavior. The average torque to open the hooks to a straight position was 2.6 (+/-1.4) x 10(-7) dyne x cm (2.6 x 10(-14) N x m) and the apparent stiffness was 4.3 (+/-1.3) x 10(-10) dyne x cm(2) (4.3 x 10(-19) N x m(2)). The stiffness of the hook was determined to be approximately one quarter the rigor stiffness of a rat sperm flagellum measured under comparable conditions.
Fifty-Year Trend in Incidence Rates of Bronchogenic Carcinoma by Cell Type in Olmsted County, Minnesota

An earlier report suggested that incidence rates of primary bronchogenic carcinoma had leveled off for men in Olmsted County, MN. Extension of that study to cover 50 years in this midwestern community now shows that lung cancer incidence continues to increase in both sexes, with rates in women approaching those found in men 20 years ago. This increase was seen for all cell types of bronchogenic carcinoma. Because one pathologist reevaluated tissues, changing histologic classifications were not responsible for secular trends; nor were the results influenced by referral bias inasmuch as the study was population based.
Interaction of processing ion beams with background plasmas and neutrals

Summary form only given, as follows. We report studies of argon ion beam current density and beam profile at various distances from an Ion Tech 3 cm RF ion beam source in different background neutral and background plasmas in magnetic fields and field-free chambers.
Militant Motherhood Re-Visited: Women's Participation and Political Power in Argentina and Chile

This article addresses the immediate and long-term implications of militant motherhood in the Latin American Southern Cone. It contributes a new perspective to the now sizable literature on women's resistance and political participation by comparing militant motherhood under leaderships on opposite sides of the political spectrum. Mothers’ mobilization could, but did not, by definition, focus on gender equity or feminist goals. Anti-Allende women in Chile demanded military intervention – while the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo in Argentina requested an end to human rights abuses by the incumbent military regime. Both show how cross-national variation in the objective of militant motherhood still led to similar outcomes. The case studies of Chile and Argentina reveal that militant mothers’ immediate and long-term success lay in the nature of their resistance and their skillful use of tradition. They expanded traditional understandings of motherhood, and helped overcome the limits of gendered citizenship rights that restricted women's political participation.
Erythropoetin receptor expression in the human diabetic retina

Background: Recent evidence suggests erythropoietin (EPO) and the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Better characterization of the EPO-EPOR signaling system in the ischemic retina may offer a new therapeutic modality for ischemic ophthalmic diseases. This study was performed to identify EPOR mRNA expression in the human diabetic eye. Findings: EPOR antisense RNA probes were validated on human pancreas tissue. In the normal eye, EPOR was expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer. Minimal expression was observed in the inner and outer nuclear layer. Under conditions of diabetic retinopathy, EPOR expression shifted to photoreceptor cells. Increased expression was also observed in the peripheral retina. Conclusion: EPOR expression may be a biomarker or contribute to disease mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy.
Oxindole-based inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2): design, synthesis, enzymatic activities, and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Two closely related classes of oxindole-based compounds, 1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-phenylhydrazones and 3-(anilinomethylene)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones, were shown to potently inhibit cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The initial lead compound was prepared as a homologue of the 3-benzylidene-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one class of kinase inhibitor. Crystallographic analysis of the lead compound bound to CDK2 provided the basis for analogue design. A semiautomated method of ligand docking was used to select compounds for synthesis, and a number of compounds with low nanomolar inhibitory activity versus CDK2 were identified. Enzyme binding determinants for several analogues were evaluated by X-ray crystallography. Compounds in this series inhibited CDK2 with a potency ∼10-fold greater than that for CDK1. Members of this class of inhibitor cause an arrest of the cell cycle and have shown potential utility in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Expansion of Chinese Higher Education Since 1998: Its Causes and Outcomes

This paper examines an important development in Chinese higher education in the late 1990s and early 2000s, namely, its radical expansion of enrollment starting from 1998. After a brief review of the related literature on educational expansion, the paper analyzes the higher education expansion in China in detail. The paper argues that a variety of factors have led to the enrollment expansion, including the expectation to stimulate domestic consumption and to ease the immediate pressure on the labor market, the high public interest in and demand for higher education in Chinese society, and the political will of the Chinese government to develop higher education. The outcomes of the enrollment expansion are also examined. The paper argues that the expected short term impact of enrollment expansion on Chinese economy is not warranted by reality. Enrollment expansion has also put pressures on Chinese higher education to further reform its structure, curricula, and administration. More importantly, enrollment expansion has brought the issue of equity to the front.
Accelerating regularized iterative ct reconstruction on commodity graphics hardware (GPU)

Iterative reconstruction algorithms augmented with regularization can produce high-quality reconstructions from few views and even in the presence of significant noise. In this paper we focus on the particularities associated with the GPU acceleration of these. First, we introduce the idea of using exhaustive benchmark tests to determine the optimal settings of various parameters in iterative algorithm, here OS-SIRT, which proofs decisive for obtaining optimal GPU performance. Then we introduce bilateral filtering as a viable and cost-effective means for regularization, and we show that GPU-acceleration reduces its overhead to very moderate levels.
Physical properties of the lipid phase of membranes from cultured animal cells.

ESR analysis of membranes from cultured animal cells reveals a more complex lipid phase behavior than that displayed by ideal binary lipid systems. When endoplasmic reticulum membranes from LM cells are spin labeled with a nitroxide derivative of decane, 5N10, and scanned by ESR at 1° C-intervals, the partitioning of 5N10 between the hydrocarbon and aqueous portions of the membrane suspension undergoes thermotropic changes at characteristic temperatures of 9°, 16°, 22°, 32°, and 38° C. Lipids extracted from these same membranes, however, exhibit only two characteristic temperatures, 16° and 35° C, and in this respect resemble binary lipid systems. The phase behavior of lipids in animal cell membranes is suggestive of an organized distribution of lipid which is disrupted by extraction. In support of this, mathematical treatment of the partitioning data indicates that four of these characteristic temperatures can define the boundaries (i.e., the t1 and th ) of two independent phase transitions in endoplasmic reticulum membranes. These results are similar to those of a physical treatment of data from plasma membranes of both mouse and chick cells in which the two monolayers appear to exist as independent physical entities with different physical properties. The most probable phase boundaries for the two monolayers of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes studied here are 16° and 32° C for one monolayer and 22° and 38° C for the other.
SCRIPT-a prototype for the recognition of continuous, cursive, handwritten input by means of a neural network simulator

SCRIPT, a prototype for the recognition of continuous handwriting, where the recognition is independent from the size and resolution of the handwritten input is described. The system has presently stored (learned) different handwritings, but individual customization, i.e., learning of a new handwriting, is possible anytime. SCRIPT is a modular system, which uses several neural nets as well as a fuzzy logic component. The system is designed so that different types of input, e.g., scanned handwriting as well as input via a pen-computer, is possible. For reasons of testing, input via scanned images are chosen. >
The Problem on Predicting the Outcomes of National Football League Games and Other Phenomena of Equivalent Interest

Attempts to successfully predict the point spread of National Football League games are viewed from the perspective of classical measurement theory. The hypothesis under investigation asserted that one factor limiting the valid predictions of the number of points scored by each team during games is the low levels of reliability inherent in the potential predictor variables. Data for all 28 teams of the NFL were collected for each of the 16 weeks of the regularly scheduled 1978-79 and 1979-80 seasons. Specific measures investigated included the number of points scored, the number of points yielded, the number of yards gained, and the number of yards yielded. These variables were then analyzed via Cronbach's alpha coefficient and other methods of assessing reliability. Results indicated that the a priori expectation of limited reliabilities was supported. The study discusses the implications of these results on traditional prediction strategies for both football specifically and psychological research in ge...
Hyperalgesic and analgesic actions of morphine, U50-488, naltrexone, and (-)-lobeline in the rat brainstem.

Morphine, U50-488, and (-)-lobeline produced dose-related shortening of a low-intensity thermally evoked tail avoidance response (LITETAR) (e.g., hyperalgesia) when microinjected into the dorsal posterior mesencephalic tegmentum (DPMT) of conscious rats. The hyperalgesic potency of (-)-lobeline was greater than either morphine or U50-488. With higher doses, morphine's hyperalgesic actions diminished and prolongation of the LITETAR (e.g., analgesia) was observed. Naltrexone produced analgesia in the DPMT that diminished with increasing dose. The hyperalgesic actions of morphine, U50-488, and (-)-lobeline further suggest the presence of kappaergic opioid and nicotinic mechanisms in the DPMT of rats. The hyperalgesic actions of U50-488, a highly specific opioid kappa-receptor agonist, strongly suggest the presence of a kappa-opioidergic hyperalgesic mechanism in the DPMT.
Through-knee amputation in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a review of 50 cases.

Background For good rehabilitation candidates, the biomechanical advantages of the end weight-bearing through-knee amputation (TKAmp) compared with the above knee amputation (AKA) are well established. However, the TKAmp has been abandoned by vascular surgeons because of poor wound healing rates related to long tissue flaps and challenges to prosthetic fitting related to the femoral condyles. Since 1998, we have performed the modified "Mazet" technique TKAmp procedure that creates shorter flaps to close the wound and greatly facilitates prosthesis fitting. The purpose of this study is to review our results with TKAmp in patients with peripheral vascular disease who were not candidates for below-knee amputation. Methods The records of all patients who underwent through-knee amputation between 1998 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean follow-up was 33 months (range, 38 days to 99 months). Amputations for trauma and malignancy were excluded. Patient survival, maintenance of ambulation, and independent living status were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis methods. Results Fifty patients underwent TKAmp using a modified Mazet technique. The mean age was 63 years; 50% were men, and 50% had diabetes mellitus. All patients had peripheral arterial disease. Thirty-five patients (70%) had prior revascularization procedures. Those patients averaged 2.2 revascularization procedures prior to amputation. There were three (6%) perioperative deaths. The ipsilateral common femoral artery was patent in 43/50 (86%) of patients at the time of amputation. Forty patients (80%) had open wounds and three patients (6%) had a failed below-knee amputation at the time of TKAmp. Thirty-eight patients (81%) healed their TKAmp wound. Nine patients failed to heal and were revised to an above knee amputation. The cumulative probability of regular prosthetic usage and maintenance of ambulation was estimated to be 0.56 at 3 years and 0.41 at 5 years. The probability of maintaining independent living status at 3 and 5 years was 0.77 and 0.65, respectively. Survival probabilities for patients in this series were 0.60 at 3 years and 0.44 at 5 years. Conclusion These data show that the TKAmp is associated with an acceptable primary healing rate and satisfactory functional outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease. The advantages of TKAmp over AKA make it the preferred alternative for patients with vascular disease who are candidates for prosthetic rehabilitation.
Experimental evidence for indirect facilitation among invasive plants

Summary Facilitation among species may promote non-native plant invasions through alteration of environmental conditions, enemies or mutualists. However, the role of non-trophic indirect facilitation in invasions has rarely been examined. We used a long-term field experiment to test for indirect facilitation by invasions of Microstegium vimineum (stiltgrass) on a secondary invasion of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) by introducing Alliaria seed into replicated plots previously invaded experimentally by Microstegium. Alliaria more readily colonized control plots without Microstegium but produced almost seven times more biomass and nearly four times as many siliques per plant in Microstegium-invaded plots. Improved performance of Alliaria in Microstegium-invaded plots compared to control plots overwhelmed differences in total number of plants such that, on average, invaded plots contained 327% greater total Alliaria biomass and 234% more total siliques compared to control plots. The facilitation of Alliaria in Microstegium-invaded plots was associated with an 85% reduction in the biomass of resident species at the peak of the growing season and significantly greater light availability in Microstegium-invaded than control plots early in the growing season. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that an initial plant invasion associated with suppression of resident species and increased resource availability can facilitate a secondary plant invasion. Such positive interactions among species with similar habitat requirements, but offset phenologies, may exacerbate invasions and their impacts on native ecosystems.
Mutations in Pdd1 Reveal Distinct Requirements for Its Chromodomain and Chromoshadow Domain in Directing Histone Methylation and Heterochromatin Elimination

ABSTRACT Pdd1, a specialized HP1-like protein, is required for genome-wide DNA rearrangements that restructure a previously silent germ line genome into an active somatic genome during macronuclear differentiation of Tetrahymena thermophila. We deleted or otherwise mutated conserved regions of the protein to investigate how its different domains promote the excision of thousands of internal eliminated sequences (IESs). Previous studies revealed that Pdd1 contributes to recognition of IES loci after they are targeted by small-RNA-guided methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27), subsequently aids the establishment of H3K9 methylation, and recruits proteins that lead to excision. The phenotypes we observed for different Pdd1 alleles showed that each of the two chromodomains and the chromoshadow domain (CSD) have distinct contributions during somatic genome differentiation. Chromodomain 1 (CD1) is essential for conjugation as either its deletion or the substitution of two key aromatic amino acid residues (the W97A W100A mutant) is lethal. These mutations caused mislocalization of a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-tagged protein, prevented the establishment of histone H3 dimethylated on K9 (H3K9me2), and abolished IES excision. Nevertheless, the requirement for CD1 could be bypassed by recruiting Pdd1 directly to an IES by addition of a specific DNA binding domain. Chromodomain 2 (CD2) was necessary for producing viable progeny, but low levels of H3K9me2 and IES excision still occurred. A mutation in the chromoshadow domain (CSD) prevented Pdd1 focus formation but still permitted ∼17% of conjugants to produce viable progeny. However, this mutant was unable to stimulate excision when recruited to an ectopic IES, indicating that this domain is important for recruitment of excision factors.
Expression of Krox‐20 is Increased in Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that afflicts 2–3% of the world population. There is no cure and the precise cause of psoriasis is unknown. Cytokines however, have been established as critical mediators in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. EGR-2 is an immediate early serum response gene that codes for Krox-20, a zinc finger transcription factors that is important in resisting TGF-? mediated apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate Krox-20 expression in epidermal keratinocytes in psoriasis where aberrant response to TGF-? signaling has been shown to occur. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (N = 38) including nine psoriatic plaques (PP), nine lichen planus (LP), ten lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), and ten normal skin (NS) were evaluated for expression of Krox-20 by immunohistochemistry. Frequency and relative intensity of nuclear labeling were evaluated. Strong and diffuse nuclear labeling of keratinocytes was observed in all PP and LSC. The frequency of labeling was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in PP and LSC compared to NS. Lichen planus tended toward absent to weak nuclear labeling of keratinocytes. The increased frequency of Krox-20 expression in PP and LSC may lead to resistance of TGF-? mediated apoptosis and contribute to epidermal hyperplasia common to these disorders.
Incorporating Alternate Translations into English Translation Treebank

New annotation guidelines and new processing methods were developed to accommodate English treebank annotation of a parallel English/Chinese corpus of web data that includes alternate English translations (one fluent, one literal) of expressions that are idiomatic in the Chinese source. In previous machine translation programs, alternate translations of idiomatic expressions had been present in untreebanked data only, but due to the high frequency of such expressions in informal genres such as discussion forums, machine translation system developers requested that alternatives be added to the treebanked data as well. In consultation with machine translation researchers, we chose a pragmatic approach of syntactically annotating only the fluent translation, while retaining the alternate literal translation as a segregated node in the tree. Since the literal translation alternates are often incompatible with English syntax, this approach allows us to create fluent trees without losing information. This resource is expected to support machine translation efforts, and the flexibility provided by the alternate translations is an enhancement to the treebank for this purpose.
The INTERACT Quality Improvement Program

INTERACT is a publicly available quality improvement program that focuses on improving the identification, evaluation, and management of acute changes in condition of patients and residents in post-acute and long-term care. The program includes clinical practice, communication, decision support, educational, and quality improvement tools and strategies to implement them. Effective implementation has been associated with substantial reductions in hospitalization of nursing home patients/residents, which could result in fewer hospital-acquired conditions and billions of dollars in savings over the next several years. Versions of the INTERACT program are also now available for assisted living facilities and home health care agencies. By using the INTERACT program, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and home health care agencies can prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and their related complications and costs, and thereby become attractive partners for hospitals, health care systems, managed care plans, and accountable care organizations. In addition, effective INTERACT implementation will assist providers in meeting regulatory requirements for quality improvement activities. Embedding INTERACT into electronic health records will enhance its effectiveness, and provide real-time assistance for health care professionals in their efforts to provide high-quality care to a growing vulnerable population of older adults requiring post-acute and long-term care.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposures: Auditory and Vestibular Pathology

Brain injury has been associated with a variety of ­neurologic sequelae including the auditory symptoms of hearing loss and tinnitus. Traditionally, we think of brain injury as being secondary to head impact and classify the resultant neurologic damage as mild, moderate, or severe [1]. This classification depends on a variety of factors including length of alteration of consciousness, force of the impact, associated injuries, and neuropathology (such as bleeding). This classification is important since it guides management of the injury and gives health care providers some information about the expected pathologies and best practices for management. There has been a great deal of work done over the years on blunt head injury; however, not all brain injury is secondary to blunt head impact.
Dispersion Compensation in Three-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy at 1,700 nm for in vivo Imaging

We demonstrate that normal material group velocity dispersion (GVD) produced by a thin Si wafer can compensate anomalous material GVD produced in three-photon microscopes with 1,700 nm excitation. Signal improvements are demonstrated in vivo.
Sexual Compulsivity:: Definition, Etiology, and Treatment Considerations

While no consensus on the definition or method of assessing sexual compulsivity exists, there is a growing realization that certain sexual behavior patterns could become the agent for compulsive disorders. This paper reviews the controversy over definition and conceptualization and offers a hypothesizd definition of sexual compulsivity, etiology and treatment methodology. One high risk group for developing sexually compulsive behavior patterns is chemically dependent individuals and their family members. The reasons for this higher incidence rate among this group are explained and professionals are urged to look for symptoms of sexual compulsivity and look for treatment opportunities as simply treating the chemical dependence or co-dependence will rarely alter this symptomology.
Poverty and child health.

Poverty is now more heavily concentrated in children than at any other time in U.S. history. Poverty's influence on child health is pervasive and creates a variety of clinical challenges. This discussion reviews the clinical expression of poverty in childhood and assesses our clinical and political capacity to reduce its tragic impact.
Chapter Thirty – Experimental Techniques

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the techniques required to successfully perform quantitative measurements. The experiments require the use of laboratory techniques that are basic to many areas of science and technology. Practice, insight, and confidence are gained through laboratory experience. By thinking and reasoning logically, the importance of each part of the experimental procedure and how each of these contributes to the overall measurement is also realized. Mistakes are made in the laboratory. Whether they are because of poor technique or lack of understanding of the chemistry associated with the experiment, it is important to learn from the mistakes so that they are not repeated. The development of good laboratory habits proves beneficial if the working area is clean and uncluttered, distilled water is used for all solutions, andlaboratory time is used efficiently. In such cases, it is necessary to be patient and diligent with the manipulations in the laboratory
Failure patterns and survival outcomes in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): a 15 year comparison of 448 non-Hispanic black and white women

Purpose Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct subtype of breast cancer with unique pathologic, molecular and clinical behavior. It occurs more frequently in young blacks and has been reported to have a shorter disease-free interval. We undertook this study to analyze the demographic characteristics, failure patterns, and survival outcomes in this disease.
Natural enemy impacts on Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) dominate plant quality effects in the cotton system

Maricopa Agricultural Center; Arizona Pest Management Center; USDA-National Institute for Food and Agriculture Extension IPM program; USDA-ARS; Cotton Incorporated; Arizona Cotton Growers Association; Cotton Foundations
A Problem-Posing Approach to Using Native Language Writing in English Literacy Instruction

The intent of this research is to document ways in which students learning English as a new language can become more effective writers, readers, and participants in English literacy by using their native languages and literacies. This chapter reports on an on-going qualitative study of contexts that use problem-posing and critical literacy for English Language Learners. This problem-posing, often described as critical pedagogy, combines reflective thinking, information gathering, collaborative decision making, and personal learning choices. The format allows for use of students’ native languages and literacies while studying English literacy. Furthermore, the problem-posing approach allows for multiple forms of authentic evaluation and assessment. This approach is not a prescriptive lesson planning format, but is a way to facilitate student choice and generative work which is related to students’ lives whatever the age or context of the students. Three case study examples are discussed and a preliminary analysis is made using the framework of critical theory. Critical literacy, as defined by the author, is a process of constructing meaning and critically using language (oral and written) as a means of expression, interpretation and/or transformation of our lives and the lives of those around us. This framework led to the categorization of findings into three categories of: expression, interpretation, and transformation. These three categories can be guides for discussion both learning in a general, deep content sense and in terms of academic literacy skills.
Cost Containment and the Tale of Care Coordination

The notion that care coordination not only improves outcomes but also lowers costs is not evidence-based, and it poses many potential dangers, beginning with the diminution of the importance of coordinated care itself as a worthy goal.
Le méga-uretère secondaire : une complication rare du traitement endoscopique du reflux vésico-urétéral par Deflux® chez l’enfant

Resume Le traitement endoscopique est la reference dans la prise en charge des reflux vesico-ureteraux (RVU) symptomatiques de bas grade chez l’enfant. L’injection in situ de Deflux ® (acide hyaluronique et dextranomere) est efficace et presente peu de complications. Nous presentons deux cas de mega-ureteres secondaires a l’injection de Deflux ® . Le premier patient etait un garcon presentant un RVU bilateral de grade IV decouvert a l’occasion d’une pyelonephrite. Il avait beneficie d’une injection bilaterale de Deflux ® (trois ampoules au total) a l’âge de 4 ans. L’echographie postoperatoire etait normale. Un controle a trois ans a montre une dilatation uretero-pyelocalicielle gauche importante avec stase et degradation de la fonction renale. Une intervention chirurgicale selon Cohen a ete realisee. Le second etait une fille chez qui le diagnostic de RVU bilateral avait ete fait a la naissance. Elle avait beneficie d’une injection bilaterale de Deflux ® (une ampoule par uretere) a l’âge de 12 mois. Un mois plus tard, l’echographie a montre une dilatation des ureteres distaux (diametre = 10 mm a droite et 6,7 mm a gauche). Elle a ete operee 8 mois plus tard (technique de Cohen) du fait de pyelonephrites recidivantes et de la persistance de la dilatation. Ces deux cas de mega-ureteres ont ete observes parmi un total de 452 injections (4‰). En conclusion, le traitement endoscopique par Deflux ® est un geste mini-invasif qui ameliore la situation de facon transitoire dans les RVU. Hormis l’echec, il existe un faible risque de dilatation secondaire justifiant un controle echographique a long terme.
A Leader-Following Formation Control of a Group of Mixed-Type Mobile Robots

This paper proposes a leader-following formation control for a group of mixed-type mobile robots such as unicycle-type, carlike, and forklift-type robots. These robots are quite different in kinematics and dynamics. The leader follows its desired trajectory while the rest of robots are following the leader in a specified formation. The proposed formation control computes the desired driving force and steering torque of each robot. The proposed control consists of a formation control scheme and a kinematic trajectory generation scheme for the leader of a group. The nonholonomic constraints of each of the mixed-type mobile robots are taken into account in the design of the formation control and trajectory generation schemes, in which the Lyapunov stability theorem and the loop shaping method are used as design tools. Under certain conditions, the proposed formation control guarantees asymptotic stability while keeping all internal signals bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed control has been shown with realistic computer simulations.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Gender as stylistic bricolage: Transmasculine voices and the relationship between fundamental frequency and /s/

Despite the importance of gender differences in the voice, sociolinguists have not paid sufficient attention to the sociolinguistic processes through which phonetic resources are mobilized in the construction of a gendered voice. This article argues that gender differences in the voice—including those influenced by physiology—are best understood as elements of sociolinguistic style rather than static properties. With a focus on transgender speakers in the early stages of masculinizing hormone therapy, the analysis demonstrates the complex interrelationship of the gendered meanings attributable to characteristics like fundamental frequency and /s/. Trans speakers challenge systems for categorizing voices as female or male, which assume that different aspects of the gendered voice will pattern together in normative ways. Yet a voice's gender is not a unidimensional feature, but a cluster of features that take on meaning only in context with one another, leaving them open for recombination and change through stylistic bricolage. (Transgender, style, gender, voice, pitch, sibilants)
Evaluation of an Undergraduate Psychology Curriculum: Extension and Update

A follow-up of 146 recipients of a B.A. degree in psychology yielded information about their course work in psychology, GPA, fields of interest, plans for graduate study, occupational or professional use of psychology after graduation, type of job held at the time of the survey, value of faculty help and advisement, and outstanding characteristics of faculty who had beneficial influence on the personal and professional development of the graduates. Multivariate analysis of variance and correlational analyses led to eight conclusions, some of which corroborate the findings of the previous studies and others of which provide new information about the uniform as well as differential effect of the undergraduate curriculum in psychology.
Lie Groups III: Integration, Convolution, and Fourier Analysis

Functions on Lie groups can be integrated almost as easily as functions on Rn. In many applications, a special kind of Lie group arises. This is the unimodular Lie group. The integral of functions on unimodular Lie groups has the nice property that it is invariant under shifts of the argument of the function, both from the left and the right. The integral on a Lie group can be decomposed into integrals over a subgroup and a coset space.
Preparing for the Future: National Library of Medicine's® Project to Add MeSH® RDF URIs to its Bibliographic and Authority Records.

ABSTRACTAlthough it is not yet known for certain what will replace MARC, eventually bibliographic data will need to be transformed to move into a linked data environment. This article discusses why the National Library of Medicine chose to add Uniform Resource Identifiers for Medical Subject Headings as our starting point and details the process by which they were added to the MeSH MARC authority records, the legacy bibliographic records, and the records for newly cataloged items. The article outlines the various enhancement methods available, decisions made, and the rationale for the selected method.
Forced migration and displacement in Africa: contexts, causes and consequences

The impetus for this special issue is the continuing need to identify, deconstruct, situate, analyze and re-situate the regional, national and internecine conflicts which drive the forced migration...
The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights: Mapping the Evolution of the Right to Health

For over two decades, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has taken a leading role in promoting human rights around the world by supporting people in claiming their rights, assisting governments in fulfilling their human rights obligations, and building capacity to mainstream human rights throughout the United Nations (UN). While the OHCHR plays a vital role in supporting the UN human rights mechanisms—including the Human Rights Council (HRC), the Special Procedures, and the treaty bodies—this chapter focuses on the evolution of the right to health in the independent work of the OHCHR. It draws on: (1) archival records of OHCHR publications and initiatives related to health, (2) the annual reports of the High Commissioners on the activities of the OHCHR, and (3) semi-structured interviews with ten current and former OHCHR staff and ten external experts on the right to health. Part I provides a brief history of the OHCHR and an overview of the current structure and capacity of the OHCHR. Part II traces the influence of the six High Commissioners on the health-related rights agenda of the OHCHR. Part III outlines recent health-related initiatives at the OHCHR. Part IV then discusses factors that have facilitated or inhibited mainstreaming the right to health at the OHCHR over the past two-plus decades. The chapter concludes with reflections on the future of the right to health, and global health governance more generally, at the OHCHR.
Chapter 8 Dendroctonus

Dendroctonus Erichson is a relatively small genus, but one with a disproportionately large impact on coniferous forests. Its name is particularly suitable (Dendro- tree, -tonus destroyer) for a group that contains most of the major conifer-killing bark beetles in the world. The ability of several members of the genus to develop outbreaks and the strong response of several species to anthropogenic change makes these insects of significant economic and ecological importance. The group is also interesting from an evolutionary perspective because of the varied life history strategies and symbiotic associations of its members. This chapter synthesizes a vast and broad literature on Dendroctonus and examines how new approaches are rapidly adding to our understanding of this important group.
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MR Imaging: Potential Clinical Applications

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurements hold great promise as the next step in magnetization transfer imaging and possibly allow for in vivo quantification of many clinically relevant parameters, including pH, temperature, and amide concentration. Therefore, it is a valuable method to add to the MR imaging toolbox. The aim of this article was to review the methods for the acquisition of CEST data and necessary postprocessing. CEST research is very much a field still in development, and initial explorations in clinical applications are shown to illustrate the potential of CEST as a new contrast mechanism.
Are there virtuous types? Finite mixture modeling of the VIA Inventory of Strengths

Philosophical and religious traditions often refer to ‘the virtuous person.’ This terminology usually carries with it the assumption that a class of individuals exists who have achieved a virtuous ...
SWS Distinguished Feminist Lecture: Feminist Politcal Economy in a Globalized World: African Women Migrants in South Africa and the United States:

Based on research conducted over the past two decades, this lecture examines how the feminist political economy perspective can aid us in understanding the experiences of two populations of African...
Parent-Adolescent Agreement About Adolescents' Suicidal Thoughts.

OBJECTIVES: To examine agreement between parent and adolescent reports of adolescents’ suicidal thoughts and explore demographic and clinical factors associated with agreement in a large community sample. METHODS: Participants included 5137 adolescents 11 to 17 years old (52.1% girls; 43.0% racial minority) and a collateral informant (97.2% parent or stepparent) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Families were recruited from a large pediatric health care network. Adolescents and parents completed a clinical interview that included questions about adolescents’ lifetime suicidal thoughts. RESULTS: Agreement was moderate for thoughts of killing self (κ = 0.466) and low for thoughts of death or dying (κ = 0.171). Discrepancies stemmed from both parental unawareness of suicidal thoughts reported by adolescents and adolescent denial of suicidal thoughts reported by parents. Fifty percent of parents were unaware of adolescents’ thoughts of killing themselves, and 75.6% of parents were unaware of adolescents’ recurrent thoughts of death. Forty-eight percent of adolescents denied thoughts of killing themselves, and 67.5% of adolescents denied thoughts of death reported by parents. Several demographic (eg, age) and clinical (eg, treatment history) characteristics were associated with agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Early identification and intervention hinge on reliable and valid assessment of suicide risk. The high prevalence of parental unawareness and adolescent denial of suicidal thoughts found in this study suggests that many adolescents at risk for suicide may go undetected. These findings have important clinical implications for pediatric settings, including the need for a multi-informant approach to suicide screening and a personalized approach to assessment based on empirically derived risk factors for unawareness and denial.
Feeding behaviour in larvae of the opisthobranch Philine aperta. II: Food size spectra and particle selectivity in relation to larval behaviour and morphology of the velar structures

In a study conducted in 1989 to 1990Philine aperta L. larvae of different ages were fed algal particles within the size range of 1.3 to 18 µm equivalent spherical diameter in incubation experiments in order to determine the ranges of particle sizes captured by larvae. The particle size spectrum ranged from 1.3 µm to ca. 7 µm for newly hatched veligers. The upper limit for ingestible particle size increased with larval age to 18 µm for late stage veligers just before metamorphosis. The development in food size range is explained by changes in morphological dimensions of velar structures. The food size spectrum forP. aperta is compared with spectra for other opposedciliar-band feeders. Results from particle selection experiments with three differently sized algae combined with direct observations of grazing individuals suggest that differential ingestion of different algal species is not a matter of behavioural grazing, but only a question of size.
Depolarization signatures of multiply scattered light (Conference Presentation)

Reconstruction of an OCT tomogram assumes that the signal originates from singly backscattered light. Light that has been multiply scattered only reduces image contrast and resolution. It has been demonstrated that multiple scattering impacts the OCT signal, especially in case of relatively large spherical particles with a size exceeding the wavelength used for OCT. Here, we investigate the association of multiple scattering with depolarization, as measured with polarization sensitive OCT, to verify if it can explain the depolarization previously observed in lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques imaged with intravascular polarimetry. Atheromatous plaques consist primarily of macrophage cells that have ingested substantial amounts of lipids, stored as intracellular lipid droplets that increase in size as the plaque progresses. Excessive concentration of cholesterol leads to the nucleation of small cholesterol crystals. The strong birefringence and random orientation of these crystalline particles may contribute to the observed depolarization. However, detection of light multiply scattered by spherical particles may better explain the observed strong depolarization. Using the extended Huygens Fresnel principle we estimate the ratio between the contribution of singly and multiply scattered light to the OCT signal of aqueous microsphere suspensions, and compare it to the experimentally observed depolarization signal. Understanding the mechanism of depolarization seen in liquid-rich plaques may offer insight into the size and concentration of the lipid particles, which would be diagnostically relevant.
Effects of Light Sources and Intensity on Blood Physiological Variables of Broilers Grown to Heavy Weights

Most governments around the world including the USA have passed measures to phase out incandescent light in favor of energy-efficient lighting alternatives. The research is limited on blood physiol...
The “Race” Toward Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity in Pathology: The Johns Hopkins Experience:

With 3.8% black trainees in 2012, pathology had significantly fewer trainees from groups underrepresented in medicine compared to other specialties. To address this, faculty in the Johns Hopkins Department of Pathology established an outreach program and funded rotation for students underrepresented in medicine and from disadvantaged groups. The aims were to increase exposure to the field and improve diversity, inclusion, and equity in pathology. A 1-month rotation for students underrepresented in medicine was established in 2013. Rotation schedules tailored to each rotator's interests included resident conferences and individual faculty meetings. In 2016, a proactive outreach program was established. Faculty visited historically black medical schools and underrepresented in medicine student groups at other institutions, where they gave a "Careers in Pathology" presentation targeted to second- and third-year medical students. Faculty also attended underrepresented in medicine student conferences and participated in high school student programs to further expand the underrepresented in medicine pipeline into medicine and pathology. Since 2016, fourteen outreach presentations have been delivered. The number of rotators increased from 1 in 2013 to 18 in July 2019. Rotators self-identified as African, African American, Hispanic, and Native American. Most were second- to fourth-year medical students, and 1 was a pathology resident. Six rotators are currently pathology residents, and others are strongly considering applying to pathology. The outreach efforts account for the success of our rotation, which, in turn, has had a positive impact on interest in pathology. However, we recognize barriers to retention and intend to incorporate additional professional development activities to further address equity.