cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compiler Construction in Higher Order Logic Programming

This paper describes a general method of compiler implementation using higher order abstract syntax and logic programming. A working compiler written in ?Prolog is used to demonstrate this method. Various stages of compilation are formulated as higher order logic programming including parsing and the generation of higher order repr sentations, type checking, intermediate representation in continuatio passing style, and machine-dependent code generation. The performance overhead of using higher order representations is also addressed.
Effects of exposure to bisphenol A on hepatocytes and pre-adipocytes in vitro (1010.7)

In recent years, environmental pollutants/endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received special attention as metabolic disruptors that produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurologica...
Sociology: A Community Engagement Discipline

This article focuses on the best practices for faculty members as they engage in community-based research and work. The field of sociology is used as a frame, demonstrating the community engagement inherent in the discipline that offers the support, guidance, pedagogical tools, and professional outlets for faculty who are committed to taking part in the engaged scholarship of linking professional efforts to the larger community. Best practices in terms of faculty review, rank and tenure policies, and commitment to amenable scholarship models (such as the Boyer approach) are considered to assist such faculty wanting to take part in community-based work.
High temperature electronic properties of BaTiO 3 – Bi(Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 – BiInO 3 for capacitor applications

Solid solutions xBaTiO3 – (1-x)(0.5Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 – 0.5BiInO3), where x = 0.95–0.60, were prepared by conventional mixed oxide method. The single phase perovskite structure was obtained for the composition with x ≥ 0.75. Phase transformation from tetragonal to pseudocubic was observed from x-ray diffraction patterns when x decreased from 0.95 to 0.75. In tetragonal phase region, x ≥ 0.90, the increase of Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 – BiInO3 content decreased the tetragonality and the temperature at which the relative permittivity is maximum (Tmax). The increase in lattice parameter and Tmax were observed in the pseudocubic phase region, x < 0.90. Additionally, a highly broad and diffuse phase transition was observed from the dielectric data in the pseudocubic phase region. The introduction of Ba vacancies in compositions with x = 0.80 and 0.75 also improved dielectric loss at high temperatures. The incorporation of BiInO3 into the BaTiO3 – Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 compound was also found to improve the temperature coefficient of the relative permittivity, with values as low as approximately −1,000 ppm/K. Overall, ternary perovskite solid solutions based on adding Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 – BiInO3 to BaTiO3 shows excellent potential for high temperature capacitor applications
Some Restrictive Meteorological Conditions to be Considered in the Design of Stacks

Abstract There are several restrictive meteorological conditions that are of great importance in the design of stacks. The conditions considered are fumigation, fumigation, aerodynamic downwash, looping and trapping. Each condition is explained and formulae are given for the computation of ground level concentrations. Methods for determining the percentage of occurrence of these restrictive conditions from observed data are also discussed very briefly.
Fish Stories: Science, Advocacy, and Policy Change in New England Fishery Management

Once the poster child for government-sponsored overfishing, New England by 2005 had become a fishery conservation success story. This article develops and deploys a problem-definition framework to explain the dramatic shift from a permissive to a protective fishery management regime in New England. I argue that neither new and improved scientific information nor pressure from powerful commercial interests caused government officials to modify their approach to fishery management. Instead, environmentalists used lawsuits to threaten fishery managers’ autonomy and thereby forced them to replace fishers’ risk-tolerant definition of the problem with environmentalists’ more precautionary one as the basis for management. Environmentalists had legal leverage because they were able to demonstrate convincingly a substantial discrepancy between what the agency's governing statute required and what managers actually did. Two factors were critical to environmentalists’ success: a compelling and credible scientific story about the relationship between fishing and the health of fish stocks, and an explicit conservation requirement in the language governing fishery management.
Wear Resistance of Graphite / Aluminium Composites that Prepared by Stirring Casting

The graphite reinforced aluminum matrix composites were prepared by using stir-casting in this paper, with bulk alloy of ZL111, reinforcement of graphite particles coated with oxide, and the friction behavior was investigated perfectly. The results indicated that, the aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 6 wt.% graphite particles coated with oxide have a good property of self-lubrication under the condition of dry friction with a pressure of 40 N, a relative rate of 2.62 m/s of frictional backing gear, a wear time of 60 min, in addition, the friction factor and the wear capacity of the graphite / aluminum matrix composites were less than those of bulk alloy. Moreover, the friction factor and the wear capacity of the graphite / aluminum matrix composites decreased with an increase in mass fraction of the graphite coated with oxide, and the friction factor of composites became bigger while the fraction of the graphite particles was over 6wt.%.
WE‐A‐BRB‐02: Gold Nanoparticle‐Aided Brachytherapy with Vascular Dose Painting: Estimation of Dose Enhancement to the Endothelial Cell Nucleus

Purpose: Microdosimetry is employed to estimate dose enhancement to endothelial cell nuclei, caused by radiation‐induced photo/Auger electrons originating from goldnanoparticles (AuNP) targeting the tumor endothelium, during brachytherapy. Methods: A tumor vascular endothelial cell (EC) is modeled as a slab of 2μm (thickness) × 10μm (length) × 10μm (width). The EC nucleus is centrally located with 5μm diameter and thickness of 0.5 – 1μm, corresponding to nucleus size 5 – 10% of cellular volume, respectively. Analytic calculations based on the electronenergy loss formula of Cole were carried out to estimate the dose enhancement to the nucleus caused by photo/Auger electrons from AuNP attached to the exterior surface of the EC. The nucleus dose enhancement factor (nDEF), representing the ratio of the dose to the nucleus with and without goldnanoparticles was calculated for different AuNP local concentrations. The investigated concentration range considers the non‐uniform distribution of AuNPs, with significantly higher local concentration expected near the EC. Four brachytherapy sources were investigated, I‐125, Pd‐103, Yb‐169, as well as 50kVp x‐rays. Results: For nucleus size 10 % of cellular volume, Pd‐103,I‐125, 50kVp, and Yb‐169 yielded total nDEF values: 5.55 – 73.00, 4.81 – 58.29, 4.73 – 56.59, and 3.19 – 25.84, respectively over local concentration range of 7 – 140 mg/g. Meanwhile, for nucleus size 5 % of cellular volume, Pd‐103,I‐125, 50kVp, and Yb‐169 yielded nDEF values of 6.38 – 89.49, 5.48 – 71.65, 5.39 – 69.87, and 3.51 – 32.31, respectively over similar concentration range. Conclusions: The results predict that substantial dose enhancement to the sensitive nucleus of endothelial cells can be achieved by applying tumor vasculature‐targeted AuNPs as adjuvants to brachytherapy, with low energy sources. Such magnitude dose enhancement may cause severe biological damage to tumor endothelial cells, without increased toxicity to healthy tissues not containing AuNPs.
The 3′ noncoding region of β-globin mRNA is not essential for in vitro translation

Abstract Rabbit beta globin DNA sequence, excised from plasmid pbetaG1, directs in vitro synthesis of beta-globin in a transcription-translation cell-free system, even after specific elimination of the entire 3'-noncoding region. A DNA restriction fragment carrying this 3' noncoding region and hybridized to globin mRNA cannot arrest the cell-free translation of beta-globin mRNA.
Atmospheric electromagnetic pulse propagation effects from thick targets in a terawatt laser target chamber

Generation and effects of atmospherically propagated electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) initiated by photoelectrons ejected by the high density and temperature target surface plasmas from multiterawatt laser pulses are analyzed. These laser radiation pulse interactions can significantly increase noise levels, thereby obscuring data (sometimes totally) and may even damage sensitive probe and detection instrumentation. Noise effects from high energy density (approximately multiterawatt) laser pulses (∼300-400 ps pulse widths) interacting with thick (∼1 mm) metallic and dielectric solid targets and dielectric-metallic powder mixtures are interpreted as transient resonance radiation associated with surface charge fluctuations on the target chamber that functions as a radiating antenna. Effective solutions that minimize atmospheric EMP effects on internal and proximate electronic and electro-optical equipment external to the system based on systematic measurements using Moebius loop antennas, interpretations of signal periodicities, and dissipation indicators determining transient noise origin characteristics from target emissions are described. Analytic models for the effect of target chamber resonances and associated noise current and temperature in a probe diode laser are described.
Induction of pulmonary immunity in cattle by oral administration of ovalbumin in alginate microspheres

Abstract Respiratory infectious diseases are an important cause of economic losses to the cattle industry. There is a need for an effective, easy to administer vaccine to the critical bacterial pathogens that cause pneumonia in cattle. An orally administered vaccine could be given to a large number of animals without significant stress to the animals and with minimal labor. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the oral administration of a model antigen (ovalbumin) in alginate microspheres could induce pulmonary immunity in cattle. Calves were vaccinated orally with ovalbumin (OVA) following either a subcutaneous (SC) or oral priming dose of OVA. Calves primed and boostered by oral administration (oral/oral) of OVA encapsulated in alginate microparticles had increased numbers of antigen-specific IgA ASCs (ASCs) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. Calves that received a SC priming followed by an oral booster inoculation (SC/oral) of OVA in alginate microspheres had a greater number of anti-OVA IgA, IgG1 and IgG2 ASCs in BALF. SC/oral calves also had increased numbers of anti-OVA IgG1 ASCs in peripheral blood whereas oral/oral calves had none. SC/oral calves had increased anti-OVA IgG1, IgG2, and IgA titers in BALF, and IgG1 and IgG2 in serum compared to both oral/oral and sham vaccinated calves. These results indicate that oral administration of antigen encapsulated in alginate microspheres results in a mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract of cattle. Furthermore, SC priming both enhanced the IgA response and stimulated an IgG1 and IgG2 response not seen in oral/oral calves. The difference in antibody isotype results suggest that design of the vaccination protocol can direct antibody responses as needed for a specific immunization program.
Trust prediction via aggregating heterogeneous social networks

Along with the increasing popularity of social web sites, users rely more on the trustworthiness information for many online activities among users. However, such social network data often suffers from severe data sparsity and are not able to provide users with enough information. Therefore, trust prediction has emerged as an important topic in social network research. Traditional approaches explore the topology of trust graph. Previous research in sociology and our life experience suggest that people who are in the same social circle often exhibit similar behavior and tastes. Such ancillary information, is often accessible and therefore could potentially help the trust prediction. In this paper, we address the link prediction problem by aggregating heterogeneous social networks and propose a novel joint manifold factorization (JMF) method. Our new joint learning model explores the user group level similarity between correlated graphs and simultaneously learns the individual graph structure, therefore the shared structures and patterns from multiple social networks can be utilized to enhance the prediction tasks. As a result, we not only improve the trust prediction in the target graph, but also facilitate other information retrieval tasks in the auxiliary graphs. To optimize the objective function, we break down the proposed objective function into several manageable sub-problems, then further establish the theoretical convergence with the aid of auxiliary function. Extensive experiments were conducted on real world data sets and all empirical results demonstrated the effectiveness of our method.
A simple and sensitive method for the determination of enzymatic hydrolysis of various esters

Abstract A simple method was developed to determine the enzymatic hydrolysis of various esters. The principle of this method is that 14 CO 2 produced from interaction between NaH 14 CO 3 and acid produced from esters hydrolyzed by esterases is trapped with 2-phenethylamine and counted with a liquid scintillation counter. The advantages of this method are manyfold: (a) it is much simpler and more sensitive than the Warburg technique, allowing the use of substrate concentrations as low as 10 −4 M acetylcholine; (b) it is applicable to any ester substrates, in contrast to spectrophotometric methods which are confined to thioesters as substrates; (c) it is much less expensive than the radioactive substrates used in the radioisotopic method; and finally, (d) it is much less complex in operation than the pH-stat method.
An intelligent system for batch scheduling for the process industry

Abstract Traditional scheduling tools for continuous process industries have not been developed with batch processing in mind. Efficient batch processing requires intelligent scheduling tools. The principal contribution of this research is the development of an architecture which combines intelligent tools with a virtual plant for performing management tasks. One of the intelligent tools, a flexible scheduling algorithm based on object-oriented constructs to schedule batch processes, is presented. A virtual plant is used to map chemical processes with equipment in the plant. The scheduling algorithm then uses a database of current customer orders and a knowledge base that contains rules about customer priority, equipment cleaning, process preference, equipment history, batch sequencing rules, cost history, cost estimates, and other knowledge to aid the user in the selection of the appropriate schedule. The uniqueness of this approach is the integration of a virtual plant, which can be viewed as a static plant simulation model, with a rule-based scheduling approach.
A Smartcom II Macro for Automatic Logon via TYMNET

Here are some tips to follow to set up Smartcom II to work with your equipment and automatically dial in and log on to OCLC.
The Prospects for Large-Scale Electrophoresis

Abstract Electrophoresis is capable of resolving biological materials on the basis of differences in their molecular weights, electrophoretic mobilities, isoelectric points, or various combinations of these properties. At laboratory scale, these include some of the most powerful techniques available for the gentle purification of biologically active molecules. For instance, isoelectric focusing (IEF, see Table 1) can resolve proteins whose isoelectric points, pIs, differ by as little as 0.01 pH unit. Likewise, SDS-PAGE will routinely isolate a discrete spectrum of proteins whose molecular weights differ by less than 2%. Although electrophoretic separations are sometimes carried out under hostile conditions, e.g., low salt concentrations, denaturing detergents, or extreme pHs, the basic technique is inherently mild and is universally applicable to the detection and purification of solutes ranging in size from several angstroms to several microns. Because of this, electrophoresis is widely used in the natur...
Pyridoxamine inhibits early renal disease and dyslipidemia in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.

modification and cross-linking of tissue proteins with age. Accelerated formation of AGE/ALEs during hyperglycemia is such as fructoselysine. The Amadori product is a precurimplicated in the development of diabetic complications. In sor to AGEs, which are a more permanent, irreversible this study, we examined the effect of the AGE/ALE inhibitor modification of proteins. According to the AGE hypothpyridoxamine on chemical modification and cross-linking of esis [1, 2], the increased rate of chemical modification collagen and development of renal disease in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. and cross-linking of tissue proteins during hyperglycemia Methods. Diabetic rats were treated with pyridoxamine; par- compromises the structure and function of proteins and allel experiments were conducted with aminoguanidine, the contributes to the development of chronic complications prototype AGE inhibitor. Progression of renal disease was in diabetes. The accumulation of AGEs in collagen, a evaluated by measurements of albuminuria and plasma creatilong-lived protein in the extracellular matrix, is thought nine concentration. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, lactate and pyruvate were measured by enzymatic assays, and AGE/ to effect changes in elasticity, ionic charge, thickness and ALEs in skin collagen by HPLC and GC-MS assays. turnover of basement membrane components, setting Results. Pyridoxamine significantly inhibited the increase in the stage for development of diabetic renal, retinal and albuminuria, plasma creatinine, hyperlipidemia and plasma lac- vascular disease. tate/pyruvate ratio in diabetic rats, without an effect on blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin. AGE/ALEs, fluorescence and Reactive carbonyl and dicarbonyl compounds derived cross-linking of skin collagen increased approximately twofold from sugars are intermediates in the formation of AGEs, in diabetic versus control rats after seven months of diabetes. and oxygen, redox active transition metal ions and reacPyridoxamine caused a significant (25 to 50%) decrease the tive oxygen species are recognized as catalysts of AGE AGE/ALEs, carboxymethyllysine and carboxyethyllysine, crossformation [3]. The precise chemical origin of specific linking and fluorescence in skin collagen of diabetic rats, but did not affect pentosidine. AGEs is not always clear. Some AGEs, such as pentosiConclusions. Pyridoxamine inhibits the progression of renal dine, are clearly derived from carbohydrates, but may disease, and decreases hyperlipidemia and apparent redox im- be formed from glucose, ascorbate, 3-deoxyglucosone balances in diabetic rats. Pyridoxamine and aminoguanidine or other sugars in vivo [4]. The major AGEs, including had similar effects on parameters measured, supporting a the lysine adducts N e
Sensory perikarya in Autonomic Ganglia.

THE presence of reflex activity mediated through autonomic ganglia without relay through the spinal cord has long been debated. Such a reflex would require sensory perikarya in the periphery. It is generally accepted, however, that sensory perikarya are exclusively localized in the dorsal root ganglia1. A contrary view was advocated by the morphologist Dogiel2 in the 1890s, but since then histologists have not confirmed this work.
State-Level Accountability for the Performance of Students with Disabilities Five Years of Change?

Along with the dramatic expansion of assessment activities during this decade, there has been increased use of state-level assessments as accountability tools. The extent to which students with disabilities have been included in state-level accountability, however, is questionable. This study examined changes that have taken place over 5 years in four aspects of state accountability practices involving students with disabilities: (a) the number of states using data on students with disabilities for state-level accountability and the nature of their accountability systems, (b) the existence of state policies on allowable accommodations and adaptations in assessments, (c) information on the rates of participation of students with disabilities in state-level assessments, and (d) the availability of data on students with disabilities in state-level accountability systems. Information was collected from all 50 states, plus the 9 educational units whose special education students were supported by the U.S. Offi...
The siting of Ti in TS-1 is non-random. Powder neutron diffraction studies and theoretical calculations of TS-1 and FeS-1

We present the first direct evidence of non random siting of Ti and Fe in TS-1 and FeS-1, nanoporous metallosilicate selective oxidation catalysts of MFI topology. This was accomplished by using Rietveld analysis of powder neutron diffraction data and exploiting the differences in neutron scattering lengths between Ti or Fe and Si. Previous spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and computational approaches have suggested a random substitution of Ti and Fe ions among the 12 crystallographically distinct Si sites in the framework of TS-1 and FeS-1. In contrast, our results indicate that titanium is distributed among only 4 or 5 of the 12 silicon sites with Ti occupying T3, -7, -8, -10, and -12. Of the 2.47 total Ti atoms per unit cell the Ti site occupancies and estimated standard deviation for sample B are as follows: T3 0.30(0.11), T7 0.34(0.14), T8 0.92(0.10), T10 0.41(0.14), and T12 0.50(0.14). In FeS-1 synthesized with 1.5 Fe atoms per unit cell, iron is found only at T8. Several starting models were chos...
Nature of the electromagnetic field reflected from a coastline

In a recent publication, Millar considered the field variation near a coastline when an H- polarised plane wave is incident from the sea or land. He stated that disagreement exists between his results and those of Wait. In this communication, it is shown that Millar's conclusions are in error.
Imaging the Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus: Review and Self-Assessment Module*

ObjectiveThe educational objectives of this continuing medical education activity are to describe the normal anatomy of the brachial plexus, to name the most common symptoms associated with a brachial plexopathy, to describe the most common imaging findings resulting from trauma to the brachial plexus, to describe the imaging manifestations of common neoplasias affecting the brachial plexus, and to also describe the imaging findings and symptoms related to irradiation-induced brachial plexopathies.ConclusionIn this article, I have illustrated and described the normal anatomy of the brachial plexus; the most common symptoms related to brachial plexopathy; and imaging findings related to trauma, tumors, and irradiation affecting the brachial plexus.
Effects of cholesterol oxidation derivatives on cholesterol esterifying and cholesteryl ester hydrolytic enzyme activity of cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells

The effects of 5 μg/ml of 25-hydroxycholesterol; cholestane-3β, 5α,6β-triol; and cholesterol on acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase, acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase and neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase was studied in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. After 1 hour incubation, 25-hydroxycholesterol resulted in a fourfold stimulation of acyl CoA cholesterol acyltrans-ferase activity. No stimulation by 25-hydroxycholesterol was noted before 15 minutes or after 5 hours of incubation. Neither cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol nor cholesterol influenced acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase activity at any time interval. No significant effects of any of the sterols were noted on acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase or neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity. The imbalance between acyl CoA cholesterol acyl trans-ferase and hydrolase activities induced by 25-hydroxycholesterol could result in cholesteryl ester accumulation by arterial smooth muscle cells, which may be associated with atherosclerosis.
Physics-based motion retiming

By changing only the playback timing of a motion sequence, an animator can achieve a variety of effects that alter our perception of an event. In some scenarios, it may be important to consider physical properties of the motion when retiming (e.g., to preserve physical plausibility). However, existing retiming solutions can be quite time consuming when physical parameters are considered. This paper presents an interactive method for creating optimal motion retimings that takes into account physically based constraints and objective functions. We achieve fast performance through a precomputation phase where constraints are projected into the two-dimensional space of velocities and accelerations along the input motion path. Unlike previous approaches, our precomputation technique allows for rapid computation of plausible contact forces that result from retiming, and it also accommodates changing physical parameters. We demonstrate our approach by creating physically plausible results for changes in motion duration, manipulations of the gravity vector, and modifications of character limb masses.
Note on Concurrent Validation of the Personality Assessment Inventory in Law Enforcement

This study compared the Personality Assessment Inventory and MMPI-168 profiles of 9 law enforcement applicants with published MMPI profiles to provide concurrent validation for the use of the Personality Assessment Inventory to assess personality pathology of peace officer applicants. The sample showed subclinical elevations of the Positive Impression and Treatment Rejection scales on the Personality Assessment Inventory and subclinical elevations on the MMPI validity scales of Lie and Correction and the clinical scales of Psychopathic Deviate and Hypomania. The applicants' mean MMPI profile provided concurrent validation for the use of the Personality Assessment Inventory in this decision on fitness to serve.
Relationship of aluminosilicates to CNS degenerative disorders

Abstract Aluminosilicates may have a possible role in the etiology of some of CNS degenerative disorders. Expanded and more comprehensive investigations are needed to begin to understand the mechanism(s) which may be involved.
‘Before the Colonel Arrived’: Hoover, Donovan, Roosevelt, and the Origins of American Central Intelligence, 1940–41

Credit for the origins of American central intelligence are commonly placed solely with Colonel William Donovan who visited Great Britain in 1940–41 and, based upon these experiences, subsequently reported to the Roosevelt White House on the need for a centralized American intelligence organization. Yet evidence indicates that prior to Donovan's overseas visit and report to the White House, representatives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation traveled to Britain, surveyed its intelligence apparatus, and FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover submitted a report to President Roosevelt pre-dating Donovan's. Historians, therefore, must reconsider the origins of American central intelligence as not influenced by any one individual but by multiple individuals with bureaucratic interests.
THE SPIN SPECTROMETER AT THE HOLIFIELD HEAVY-ION RESEARCH FACILITY AND SOME PLANNED EXPERIMENTS

The 4..pi.. multidetector ..gamma..-ray spectrometer at the Holified Heavy-ion Research Facility (HHIRF) is described in some detail. The following important features of this spectrometer are discussed: (a) the geometric arrangement, (b) the actual performance of the individual detector elements, (c) the associated electronics and data acquisition system, and (d) the response of the system to input ..gamma..-cascades including the effect of crystal-to-crystal scattering and the response to neutrons. The first few experiments to be performed are briefly described.
Factors Associated with Early Demise in Nursing Home Residents: A Case Control Study

A case-control study was performed to identify factors differentiating nursing home residents who die within 12 months of admission (decedents) and those who survive for at least four years (survivors). Using Tennessee Medicaid data, 49 decedent/survival pairs admitted during the same year were matched for age, race, sex, nursing home, and diagnosis. There were no significant differences between the decedent and survivor groups in demographic factors, sensory impairments, physical handicaps, or number of drugs prescribed. Assessments of the ability to perform activities of daily living were found to be strongly associated with survival, providing a valuable prognostic tool. The authors suggest that personnel providing care for patients of advanced age would benefit from instruction in making such assessments.
Left Atrial and Left Ventricular Pressures in Subjects without Cardiovascular Disease Observations in Eighteen Patients Studied by Transseptal Left Heart Catheterization

Transseptal left heart catheterizations were carried out in 18 patients without apparent evidence of organic cardiovascular disease. These studies have permitted delineation of the pressures that exist in the left side of the heart in normal subjects studied in a basal physiologic state.
Remembering the Singing of Silenced Voices: Brundibár and Problems of Pedagogy.

In this essay I explore problems of pedagogy related to Hans Krasa’s Brundibar by drawing heavily upon the thinking of two divergent theoretical perspectives regarding Holocaust testimony as advanced by Giorgio Agamben (2002) and Shoshana Felman (1992). I theorize that lodged within a space of difficult knowledge coalesced through violence, trauma, complicity, memory, and music lies a rupture at the heart of the Brundibar experience. This space is created yet not altogether embraced by contemporary musical experiences of Brundibar in the most extensive and all-encompassing comprehension of its musicking: experiencing the operetta allows its participants to hear those whom it is impossible to hear. I claim that the musical experience as inhered within and enabled by the operetta serves a testimonial and therefore pedagogical function. This function, figuratively hearing and being present to Brundibar ’s present absences, implies an empathic walking-beside-in-solidarity and is a position that I suggest allows participants to engage with the operetta more fully.
AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW TRANSFUSION FOLLOWING CHEMOTHERAPY.

Data on patients receiving 0.2 rag/kg HN2 and autologous marrow reinfusion at tirae of maximal depression of white blood cells, those receiving same dose without bonemarrow infusion, and on subjects who receive 0.3 mg/kg on four consecutive days are shown. As previously noted, reduction in leukocytes in the 0.3 mg/kg group who received no marrow is essentially the same as in the 0.2mg patients. The recovery phase is slightly delayed in two patients in the 0.3-mg group, but one patient showed a rise which compared favorably with any of the 0.2-mg subjects. Differences were even less marked in the analysis of platelet changes. It is noteworthy that in all three groups, there is a rebound in total number of leukocytes and platelets in the recovery phase (more prominently in the latter). It would therefore appear that following administration of 0.8 or 1.2 mg HN2/kg body weight there is no significant difference in the rate of fall or return to normal of leukocytes and platelets, regardless of reinfusion of autologous bone marrow at the time of maximal leukopenia and thrombopenia. Comparing these results with those of previously cited workers who reinfused autologous bone marrow within 24 hr after HN2 injection, itmore » appears that there was probably no protection afforded, as leukopenia and thrombopenia developed and recovery from these states occurred at about the same time in treated and untreated patierts.« less
1327 IMPROVED PROGNOSIS OF THE INFANT LESS THAN 750gm-HOW SMALL IS TOO SMALL?

Because of the high mortality rate (76-100%) and severe neurologic handicap in survivors, Sechner (1980) has suggested that a “hands off” approach be adopted to the infant less than 750gm. This has not been our experience. We therefore analyzed the NBICU course, mortality and outcome of infants weighing 520-750gm admitted to our NBICU during 1975-1979. Of 56 infants, 22 were inborn (In) and 34 were outborn (Out); 21 were male and 35 female. All but one required assisted ventilation and all received parenteral alimentation via percutaneous central line. Of 22 surviving infants two died later, at 5 and 28 months of SIDS and an obstructed tracheotomy tube respectively. Fourteen have been evaluated at our NBICU Follow-Up Clinic. The smallest survivor was 530gm and the only SGA infant (32 weeks' gestation). Two further inborn infants are abroad and reported to be progressing normally. We conclude that these high-risk mothers should be transferred to a tertiary center and meticulous perinatal management instituted because the inborn infant < 750gm is not “too small”.
Local heating at convection fronts and moving contact lines on hygroscopic fluids

Abstract A temperature rise on the order of tenths of a degree is observed as one fluid spreads over a hygroscopic fluid. While this behavior is only exhibited with hygroscopic fluids, it is independent of the properties of the spreading fluid. The spreading induces a ‘rolling’ motion in the subphase which brings ‘fresh’ fluid to the surface, exposing it to the water vapor in the air. As water is absorbed into the hygroscopic liquid, heat is released. The same behavior is observed whether the spreading fluid has a spreading monolayer that drives a convection front or is a spreading lens with a moving three-phase contact line.
Computer-Aided Automatic Production of Dental Restorations

The current state of the art for production of posterior dental restorations utilizes the lost wax casting technique. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques, imaging systems, and robotics technologies provide options for replacing the multistep lost wax casting technique with an automated system. This new system eliminates a number of potentially error-inducing steps and permits more precise control of others. The automation of production has three distinct phases (Figure 1): data acquisition, data reduction, and restoration fabrication. The objective of this paper is to describe system components which can accomplish each phase as well as to compare the automated with the currently practiced techniques and to identify special requirements demanded by clinical needs.
The origin and structure of the tertiary envelope in thick-shelled eggs of the brine shrimp, Artemia.

The shell glands of the brine shrimp Artemia are composed of clusters of shell gland units. Each unit usually consists of two rather oblong cells separated by a lumen. Each lumen communicates with the uterus by a duct, formed by a neck cell and a small number of duct cells. Often, two or more ducts join before entering the uterus. The plasma membrane facing the lumen between gland cells is thrown into short microvilli. Elsewhere, the plasmalemma lacks such specializations. The two gland cells are joined together by maculae adhaerentes and septate desmosomes. The nuclei of these cells are large and contain abundant chromatin, arranged in a reticular pattern. The cytoplasmic matrix contains glycogen, lipids, mitochondria, a few microtubules, Golgi complexes, and large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum. When Artemia produces thick-shell eggs, the material for the outer portion of the shell (the tertiary envelope) is synthesized in the shell glands. During this synthesis numerous membrane-bounded secretory granules are formed that contain lipoprotein. Prior to their liberation the granules show a decrease in density and their membranes fuse with the plasmalemma adjacent to the lumen between the gland cells. Other granules fuse with those already being liberated, thereby enlarging the lumen of the shell gland unit. The tertiary envelope that is deposited around an embryo is at first homogeneous. Later it becomes filled with alveolus-like structures, the surfaces of which are composed of hexagonal porous units, through which the alveoli interconnect. Still later, in the gastrula stage, these interconnections are lost, and a more homogeneous outer layer is added.
Antiproton cross-field diffusion in antihydrogen production experiments due to anisotropic binary interactions

Abstract Collisional processes in electrostatic ion storage rings and reflecting-beam-type electrostatic ion traps can be associated with anisotropic binary interactions, because shielding of the Coulomb interactions may not take place in one or more dimensions. Collisional scattering theory has recently been developed for describing the velocity–space scattering processes in such systems [J.R. Correa, Y. Chang, C.A. Ordonez, Phys. Plasmas 12 (2005) 084505]. The theory is extended to enable the effect of a magnetic field to be included. The theory is intended to be applicable, for example, to antiproton scattering within nested Penning traps that are used to produce antihydrogen [M. Amoretti et al., Nature 419 (2002) 456; G. Gabrielse et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 213401]. The theory is applied for considering the cross-magnetic-field diffusion of the antiprotons.
Experimental determination of the efficiency function of an X-ray detector using submicron spheres

Abstract The detector efficiency function (DEF) of a solid-state X-ray detector of a nominal solid angle of 0.07 steradian interfaced to a VG HB501 STEM has been experimentally determined. Submicron spheres of pure materials (elements and stoichiometric compounds) produced by a process called electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHD) were used for the measurements. Preliminary studies confirm the feasibility of the multi-element sample technique suggested by Kelly [Proc. 43rd Annu. EMSA Meeting, p. 416 and Ultramicroscopy 22 (1987) 175] for routine determination of a detector efficiency function. Results indicate that very good accuracy and reproducibility can be achieved provided that accurate ionization cross sections are available.
Abstract A70: Kava as a lung cancer chemopreventive agent

Lung cancer is a serious malignancy with high incidence and death. Chemoprevention is a complementary approach to smoking cessation to help control lung cancer. Recently, we reported that kava inhibits 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) plus benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)‐induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. In the present study, we examined the dose‐dependent lung tumor inhibitory activities of kava and attempted to identify the active constituent(s). Carcinogen‐treated mice, dosed eight times with a mixture of NNK plus BaP (2 µmol each) administered by gavage, had 12.2 ± 5.7 lung adenomas per mouse after 26 weeks. Carcinogen‐treated mice given diets containing kava at dosages of 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/g had 8.4 ± 3.5, 6.6 ± 3.5, 4.3 ± 2.4, and 3.8 ± 2.3 lung adenomas per mouse, corresponding to reductions of 31%, 46%, 64%, and 69%, respectively. All reductions were significant (P Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A70.
Language and the Origin of Numerical Concepts

Reports of research with the Piraha and Munduruku Amazonian Indians of Brazil lend themselves to discussions of the role of language in the origin of numerical concepts. The research findings indicate that, whether or not humans have an extensive counting list, they share with nonverbal animals a language-independent representation of number, with limited, scale-invariant precision. What causal role, then, does knowledge of the language of counting serve? We consider the strong Whorfian proposal, that of linguistic determinism; the weak Whorfian hypothesis, that language influences how we think; and that the “language of thought” maps to spoken language or symbol systems.
Microscopic investigation of high gradient superconducting cavities after reduction of field emission

Abstract In the previous companion paper we showed that high power RF processing (HPP) is an effective technique to reduce field emission in superconducting cavities, so higher accelerating gradients can be reached. In this work we show improved understanding of the mechanisms at work when field emitters process. Thermometry measurements of the outer wall of single-cell cavities reveal the field emission from localized sites and also the reduction in field emission by processing. Subsequent scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of the RF surface at the emission/processed sites reveals 5–10 μm sized molten craters, micron sized molten particles of foreign elements, and sub-mm sized spots shaped like starbursts. These features indicate that processing occurs through a violent melting/vaporization phenomenon. A “model” for RF processing is presented based upon the experimental evidence, both from this study and from others.
Pemphigus-like mucosal lesions: A side effect of penicillamine therapy

A patient with Wilson's disease on long-term penicillamine therapy was seen for evaluation and management of chronic persistent debilitating stomatitis, which was subsequently determined to be cytologically and histologically consistent with pemphigus vulgaris. A brief review of the pertinent literature disclosed that the dermatologic lesions of pemphigus secondary to penicillamine are alleviated by discontinuation of penicillamine and institution of prednisone therapy. Our patient's primarily oral lesions did not resolve with this recommended alteration in therapy, since penicillamine could be discontinued only briefly in the interest of maintaining acceptable serum copper levels and because of the paucity of available alternative copper-chelating agents. Eventually the patient was placed on tetraethylene tetramine (TETA), an experimental copper-chelating agent, and betamethasone (Celestone). This has provided a satisfactory reduction in serum copper levels and resolution of the oral lesions.
Individual, Situational Contributors to Teacher Burnout

Building on previous work in education and the social sciences, we formulated a model for studying teacher burnout that focused on both individual and environmental factors believed to be implicate...
Optical Photometry of LMXBs: UW CrB (=MS 1603+260) and V1408 Aql (=4U 1957+115)

We present new optical observations of V1408 Aql (= 4U 1957+115), the only low mass X-ray binary, black hole candidate known to be in a persistently soft state. We combine new broadband optical photometry with previously published data and derive a precise orbital ephemeris. The optical light curves display sinusoidal variations modulated on the orbital period as well as large night to night changes in mean intensity. The amplitude of the variations increases with mean intensity while maintaining sinusoidal shape. Considering the set of constraints placed by the X-ray and optical data we argue that V1408 Aql may harbor a very low mass black hole. Optical light curves of UW CrB display partial eclipses of the accretion disk by the donor star that vary both in depth and orbital phase. The new eclipses of UW CrB in conjunction with published eclipse timings are well fitted with a linear ephemeris. We derive an upper limit to the rate of change of the orbital period. By including the newly observed type I bursts with published bursts in our analysis, we find that optical bursts are not observed between orbital phases 0.93 and 0.07, i.e. they are not observable during partial eclipses of the disk.
THE EFFECTS OF MEAT TYPE AND FORMULATION ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF NONSPECIFIC MEAT LOAVES

Processing and sensory characteristics of meat loaves prepared from CB, CBS, HB and HBS meats and formulated with varying levels of fat (30 and 40%) and added water (120 and 130%) were evaluated. Muscle pH values were observed to be the highest for HB raw materials and lowest for CBS materials. Loaves prepared from HB and HBS meats exhibited less cook loss. Higher levels of added water resulted in a greater amount of fat and moisture loss during cooking. Loaves formulated at the 30% fat level exhibited a more desirable color and were superior in sensory characteristics when compared with loaves formulated to the 40% fat level.
Heat Transfer in Cooled Porous Region with Curved Boundary

Heat transfer characteristics are analyzed for a cooled two-dimensional porous medium having a curved boundary. A general analytical procedure is given in combination with a numerical conformal mapping method used to transform the porous region into an upper half plane. To illustrate the method, results are evaluated for a cosine shaped boundary subjected to uniform external heating. The results show the effects of coolant starvation in the thick regions of the medium, and the extent that internal heat conduction causes the heated surface to have a more uniform temperature.
Intracellular Expression of Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies Specific for Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein Uncovers Distinct Features of Its Nuclear Localization

Perturbation of protein-protein interactions relies mostly on genetic approaches or on chemical inhibition. Small RNA viruses, such as influenza A virus, do not easily lend themselves to the former approach, while chemical inhibition requires that the target protein be druggable. A lack of tools thus constrains the functional analysis of influenza virus-encoded proteins. We generated a panel of camelid-derived single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs) against influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP), a viral protein essential for nuclear trafficking and packaging of the influenza virus genome. We show that these VHHs can target NP in living cells and perturb NP's function during infection. Cytosolic expression of NP-specific VHHs (αNP-VHHs) disrupts virus replication at an early stage of the life cycle. Based on their specificity, these VHHs fall into two distinct groups. Both prevent nuclear import of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex without disrupting nuclear import of NP alone. Different stages of the virus life cycle thus rely on distinct nuclear localization motifs of NP. Their molecular characterization may afford new means of intervention in the virus life cycle. IMPORTANCE Many proteins encoded by RNA viruses are refractory to manipulation due to their essential role in replication. Thus, studying their function and determining how to disrupt said function through pharmaceutical intervention are difficult. We present a novel method based on single-domain-antibody technology that permits specific targeting and disruption of an essential influenza virus protein in the absence of genetic manipulation of influenza virus itself. Characterization of such interactions may help identify new targets for pharmaceutical intervention. This approach can be extended to study proteins encoded by other viral pathogens.
SYNTEST: an environment for system-level design for test

The authors describe the design and implementation of SYNTEST, a system for the design of self-testable VLSI circuits from behavioral description. SYNTEST consists of several algorithmic synthesis tools for scheduling, testable allocation, and optimum test points selection. A key feature in SYNTEST is the tight interaction between the system tools: the scheduler, the allocator, and the test tool. The system uses a technology library for optimizing the original structure. All tools interact with each other as well with the user through an X graphical interface. This provides a better design environment and allows for more designer intervention. >