cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shear-driven and channel flow of a liquid film over a corrugated or indented wall

The shape of the interface between two superimposed layers in a two-dimensional channel confined between a planar and a corrugated or indented wall is investigated in the limit of Stokes flow. A perturbation analysis for walls with small-amplitude sinusoidal corrugations reveals that an insoluble surfactant amplifies the deformation of the interface and causes a negative drift in the phase shift under most conditions. The effect is most significant at moderate capillary numbers and for corrugations whose wavelength is large compared to the thickness of the adjacent layer lining the wavy wall. The precise effect of the surfactant depends on the ratio of the fluid viscosities, proximity of the interface to the planar wall, capillary number, and wavelength of the corrugations. When the interface is near the plane wall, introducing surfactant reduces the interfacial amplitude and causes a positive phase shift with respect to the wavy wall. As the interface further approaches the plane wall, the interfacial wave tends to become in phase with the wavy wall, reflecting its unshifted topography. In the second part of this study, a boundary integral method is implemented to compute Stokes flow over a wall with an arbitrary periodic profile, and results are presented for sinusoidal walls and planar walls containing a periodic sequence of square and circular depressions or projections. The numerical results reveal that the linear perturbation theory overestimates the deformation of the interface over a wavy wall, and illustrate the nature of shear-driven film flow over a planar wall with indented topography.
Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance of peptides in the amino-terminal sequence of sperm whale myoglobin.

Abstract The natural abundance carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the peptides l-valyl-l-leucyl-l-seryl-l-glutamylglycine, comprising the first 5 residues of the amino terminus of sperm whale myoglobin, l-leucyl-l-seryl-l-glutamic acid, and l-seryl-l-glutamylglycine have been recorded by continuous wave and pulsed Fourier transform techniques. Signal assignments were made by comparison of the peptides with each other and with the free amino acids, by the pH dependence of the chemical shifts, and by modification of the degree of proton decoupling in certain cases. The chemical shift dependence of specific carbon centers on their position in the oligopeptide sequences and the influence of the state of ionization of various groups on neighboring carbon sites were explored.
Spectroscopic study of rigid-rod polymers. II. Protonation effect

The protonation of a heterocyclic rigid-rod polymer poly(p-phenylene benzbisthiazole) and its model compound has been studied by UV-visible and Raman spectroscopy. Because of the two nitrogens on the heterocyclic ring, spectroscopic features of unprotonated, half-protonated, and fully protonated structures have been identified. For the fully protonated molecule, there is also an increase in conjugation between the phenyl ring and the heterocyclic ring.
Geographers in the U.S. Government in Washington, DC, during World War II

Geographers in Washington, DC, during World War II and the agencies in which they worked are recalled through the naming of geographers engaged in wartime work during this seminal period in the development of the geography profession in the United States. The five agencies then employing the largest number of geographers were the Research and Analysis Branch of the Office of Strategic Services, the Topographic Branch of the Military Intelligence Division of the War Department, the Board of Economic Warfare (later the Foreign Economic Administration), the Board on Geographic Names, and the Office of the Geographer, Department of State. The impacts of this period on individual geographers, the professional organization of geographers, cartography, higher education, and the government are suggested.
Communications overhead as the cost of constraints

This paper speculates on a perspective for studying overhead in communication systems that contrasts the traditional viewpoint that overhead is the “non-data” portion of transmissions. By viewing overhead as the cost of constraints imposed on a system, information-theoretic techniques can be used to obtain fundamental limits on overhead information, and multiple constraints lead to an intriguing chain rule for overhead. In principle, protocol overhead in practical implementations can then be benchmarked against these fundamental limits in order to identify opportunities for improvement. Several examples are discussed within this developing framework.
Global Ice Sheet Mapping Observatory: Airborne experiments

We describe tests of a radar-system concept envisioned to measure the spatial reflectivity and the 3-dimensional surface and basal topography of terrestrial ice sheets and to determine the physical properties of the glacier bed. We conducted experiments during May 2006 over northwestern Greenland using a 150 MHz radar operated from a Twin Otter aircraft. We conducted more extensive experiments in September 2007 over northern and central Greenland when we operated 150 and 450 MHz radars installed on the NASA P-3 aircraft. We performed a final set of Twin Otter supported 150 MHz experiments in July 2008 near Jacobshavn Glacier in western Greenland. Here we show 150 and 450 MHz interferograms of the ice sheet base. We use both radar interferometry and tomography to construct three-dimensional bottom topography.
Reply to Tenenbaum

In his clear, gracious, and helpful critical notice of Brute Rationality, Sergio Tenenbaum raises a number of worries about the way in which the central distinction in that book — the distinction between the requiring and justifying roles of practical reasons — is brought in to explain some commonplace normative data. He also suggests two alternate ways of accounting for the same data, one of which derives from Sidgwick and has recently received its most sophisticated presentation in Derek Parfi t’s forthcoming Climbing the Mountain, and the other of which is inspired by Kant’s distinction between perfect and imperfect duties. In this response to Tenenbaum I would like to do three things. First, of course, I would like to defend my own account. The cases Tenenbaum uses to argue against my use of the justifying/requiring distinction all have a common characteristic; roughly put, they are all ones in which it seems that some sort of maximizing principle applies, but is beyond the resources of my account. The same criticism has been raised in a number of other reviews. I would like to take this opportunity to make clear a general strategy that is available for dealing with all such cases. Next, I would like to show that both the Sidgwickian and Kantian al-
Effectiveness of Road Ripping in Restoring Infiltration Capacity of Forest Roads

Many forest roads are being closed as a step in watershed restoration. Ripping roads with subsoilers or rock rippers is a common practice to increase the infiltration capacity of roads before closure. When considering the effectiveness of ripping for reducing runoff and erosion and the potential reduction in slope stability by saturating road fills, it is important to know how ripping changes the infiltration capacity of forest roads. Hydrographs from simulated rainfall on 1 × 1 m plots were analyzed to find the saturated hydraulic conductivity, an indicator of infiltration capacity. I examined saturated hydraulic conductivity for three treatments on two different soils. One road was built in a soil derived from the metamorphic belt series geology of northern Idaho, a soil noted for its high rock fragment content. The second road was built in a sandy soil derived from decomposed granitics of the Idaho batholith. On each soil, five plots were installed on a road before ripping, and nine plots were installed on the same road segment following ripping, four covered with a heavy straw mulch and five without. Three half-hour rainfall events with intensities near 90 mm/hr were simulated on each plot. Results show that ripping increases hydraulic conductivities enough to reduce risk of runoff but does not restore the natural hydraulic conductivity of a forested slope. The unripped road surfaces had hydraulic conductivities in the range of 0–4 mm/hr, whereas ripped roads were in the range of 20–40 mm/hr after the second event. Surface sealing and tilled soil subsidence processes are important in reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the soils with repeated wetting. Subsidence appears to be important on the granitic soil, whereas surface sealing was more important on the belt series soil.
Language Brokering and Adjustment among Chinese and Korean American Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Perceived Maternal Sacrifice, Respect for the Mother, and Mother-Child Open Communication.

Asian American adolescents often translate and interpret for their parents who have limited English skills; this activity is known as language brokering (McQuillan & Tse, 1995). About 70–80% of Asian American adolescents language broker for their parents (Chao, 2006; Tse, 1996). Language brokering, which is a complex and challenging duty, can lead to heightened conflicts between adolescents and their parents (Jones & Trickett, 2005; Trickett & Jones, 2007) and more internalizing and externalizing problems (Chao, 2006). However, language brokering is not invariably harmful to adolescents, as language brokering has also been found to be associated with increased understanding and respect for parents (Chao, 2006; DeMent, Buriel, & Villanueva, 2005; Orellana, Dorner, & Pulido, 2003) and high academic self-efficacy (Buriel, Perez, DeMent, Chavez, & Moran, 1998). It may be that there are multiple competing mechanisms and processes, both positive and negative, through which language brokering impacts parent-child relationships and adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment. Whereas some negative mechanisms have already been identified (e.g., Kam, 2011), little is known about when and how language brokers benefit from brokering. If the specific pathways and their conditions are identified, it will be possible to design more effective intervention programs to help Asian American adolescent language brokers.
Age Differences in Eyewitness Memory for a Realistic Event

- tal condition, younger adults made more misinformation errors likely due to the information processing strategies they employed after incidental learning.
How linked are physicians to community support services for their patients with dementia

Physicians increasingly are expected to link patients affected by dementia and theirfamilies with community support services; yet, little is known about physicians' referral patterns or their fa miliarity with such services. This study of 206 physicians found that respondents were more likely to refer dementia patients and families to home health agencies and nursing homes than to respite or adult day care, the local Alzheimer's Association, or the local Area Agency on Aging. Physicians with more than 20 dementia patients in their practices were most likely to refer. Un certainty about available community services was ranked higher than time or reimbursement constraints as a barrier to care for dementia patients. Physicians in practice 1 to 5 years were more uncertain about available services than physicians in practice more than 20 years. Crea tive interventions to link physicians with community support services specializing in dementia care would benefit physicians, patients, and family caregivers.
Conducting polymer fibers of polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid

Electrically conducting fibers of polyaniline doped with Camphorsulfonic acid PAn.HCSA in the Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) matrix were prepared using the non-mechanical electrospinning technique. The morphology of the fibers was studied using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM), showing a uniform thickness along the fiber length. The fibers had a diameter ranging from 800nm to 2μm. The electrical conductivity of the non-woven fibrous mat and the cast film was measured using the four-point probe method, for different concentrations of Pan.HCSA in the blend. Some possible factors affecting the electrical conductivity of the fibers/films were discussed.
Softball Scheduling as Easy as 1-2-3 (Strikes You're Out)

Scheduling games for any professional sport is an extremely complex process. Scheduling recreational softball games for over 1,000 players is also a difficult process. A scheduler must adhere to nearly two dozen intertwined scheduling rules, while simultaneously ensuring that the players play their allotment of games. This paper reviews the scheduling of college basketball and professional baseball, football, and soccer. It then presents an integer programming approach to solve this problem. Finally, it identifies the obstacles encountered and the qualitative and quantitative benefits of the approach.
Cultural and Acculturation Differences in Trajectories of Home Environment Inventory Scores for Latino Children and Families

This study examines the influence of social context on the home environment for children aged0 to 14years, testing for differences between Cubans (n = 47), Mexicans(n = 240), Mexican Americans (n = 415), and Puerto Ricans (n = 162). Hierarchical linear models showed significant cultural and acculturation effects on the trajectories of cognitive stimulation and emotional support in the home environment. The home environment of families in which the mother reported more U.S. ancestry showed significant declines in cognitive stimulation, whereas families in which the mother was more likely to use Spanish during the study interview showed significant increases in cognitive stimulation as the child aged. In contrast, no significant acculturation effects were found for the trajectories of emotional support in the home.
An Analytical Model for 4H-SiC Super-Junction Devices

In this paper, for the first time, a new and easy-to-implement analytical model is developed for the breakdown voltage and specific on-resistance of 4H-SiC super-junction devices. The model features simple analytical equations while is still capable of predicting the device characteristics accurately for a large variety of device structural parameters. Accuracy of this model is verified by multi-dimensional numerical simulation.
Lithium Self-Intoxication Treated With Hemodialysis

Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar affective disorders, but it has a narrow therapeutic window (0.6 to 1.2 mmol/L), and lithium toxicity often accompanies its use. This patient had acute, severe lithium intoxication (4.3 mmol/L) as a result of self-intoxication. He was successfully treated with hemodialysis, which
Progress in material design for biomedical applications

Biomaterials that interface with biological systems are used to deliver drugs safely and efficiently; to prevent, detect, and treat disease; to assist the body as it heals; and to engineer functional tissues outside of the body for organ replacement. The field has evolved beyond selecting materials that were originally designed for other applications with a primary focus on properties that enabled restoration of function and mitigation of acute pathology. Biomaterials are now designed rationally with controlled structure and dynamic functionality to integrate with biological complexity and perform tailored, high-level functions in the body. The transition has been from permissive to promoting biomaterials that are no longer bioinert but bioactive. This perspective surveys recent developments in the field of polymeric and soft biomaterials with a specific emphasis on advances in nano- to macroscale control, static to dynamic functionality, and biocomplex materials.
Envisioning the Future of Modern Farming

At the 1939 New York World’s Fair, the Electric Utility Industry sponsored a one-acre working model called the Electrified Farm. Facing increasing competition from the New Deal’s Rural Electrification Administration, the farm’s corporate sponsors used the exhibit to advocate a new, electrified rural lifestyle enabled by private power and industry. Sarah Rovang demonstrates that the eight buildings of the Electrified Farm, designed by the firm of Harrison & Fouilhoux, evinced a cohesive modern aesthetic that stylistically echoed the modernity of the exhibit’s electrical lighting, appliances, and farm equipment. At the exhibit, electricity rendered farm work and domestic labor more efficient and professional, but it did not fundamentally disrupt entrenched ideals of the family farm. Contextualizing the farm’s architecture within contemporary stylistic and cultural trends, Envisioning the Future of Modern Farming: The Electrified Farm at the 1939 New York World’s Fair reveals the sponsors’ multiple and ultimately incompatible ambitions for the future of American agriculture, highlighting in particular the problematic implications of the Electrified Farm for gender relations and farm labor.
Sex Offender Registration and Community Notification: Past, Present, and Future

Based on a keynote address delivered in conjunction with the Journal's annual symposium, this paper examines several of the major legal and policy issues associated with sex offender registration and community notification laws. Particular attention is dedicated to the Adam Walsh Act, a federal law enacted in July 2006 that continues efforts by Congress to foster changes in state registration and notification regimes as a result of its Spending Clause authority. In addition to discussing the federalism implications of the AWA, the paper examines several of its most significant provisions, including those calling for empirical assessment of registration and community notification, twelve years after Congress first pressured states nationwide to adopt laws in accord with its will.
Amorphous-to-crystalline transition in Tb33Fe66 films studied via EXAFS

The amorphous-to-crystalline transition in sputter-deposited amorphous Tb33Fe66 films has been studied using a conversion-electron extended X-ray absorption (EXAFS) technique. Modeling of the EXAFS data using theoretical and empirical standards allowed the quantitative measurement of coordination, radial distance, and disorder of local atom shells around the Fe sites after varying degrees of heat treatments.
Influence of Air Temperature on Physical Characteristics and Bioactive Compounds in Vacuum Drying of Arthrospira Spirulina

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different temperatures in vacuum drying of Arthrospira Spirulina sp. on the physical properties and on the bioactive compounds, and to compare with the traditional oven dryer. The samples were evaluated according to phycocyanin content, phenolic compounds, lipid oxidation, color parameters and rehydration. The phenolic methanol extracts were analyzed by FTIR, and thermal analysis (DSC), scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction of the samples were also performed. The results showed that the characteristics of the dried products were influenced by the different temperatures of the drying methods. Vacuum drying at 40C was the more suitable to dry Arthrospira Spirulina sp. in relation to the characteristics products due to the minor losses of phycocyanin content, the great source of phenolic compounds, the minor lipid oxidation, the good rehydration capacity and the highest thermal stability. Pratical Applications Arthrospira Spirulina sp. is a microalgae which is a promising source of compounds with biological activity that could be used as functional ingredients, due to presence of pigments, phenolic compounds and fatty acids. However, this algae is very perishable and it should be dried after cultivation in order to prevent fungal deterioration. Phycocyanin content, phenolic compounds and lipid oxidation of the Arthrospira Spirulina sp. are affected by temperature and time drying processing. Thus, the vacuum drying process is a technique which leads to a product with best quality due to the low air temperatures and less oxygen content present in environment of dryer under subatmospheric pressure. Therefore, selection of the most appropriate technique and the drying conditions are very important to avoid major losses of bioactive compounds during the drying process of Arthrospira Spirulina sp.
Influence of Iodide on Bacterial Decomposition of Nitrogenous Substances

The effect of iodides on the nitrogen metabolism of human and animal bodies has been studied by several investigators. Grabfield, Alpers and Prentiss1 reported that there was an increase in the nitrogen excretion from the human body following the ingestion of iodides. Hesse2 found that the influence of potassium iodide was practically the same, either administered parenterally or given by mouth. Boothby and Rowntree3 stated that iodides did not cause any noticeable change in the basal metabolic rate of normal persons. Grabfield and Prentiss4 showed that iodides of sodium, lithium, calcium, potassium, strontium and magnesium had an increasing effect on the nitrogen excretion in the human urine. They' concluded, in their study of the effect of iodides on the nitrogen partition, that the increase did not change the partition of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine in both urine and blood. According to Grabfield, Gray, Flower and Knapp,' sodium iodide injected subcutaneously increased the nitrogen excretion of a normal dog but not of a dog from which the thyroid gland had been removed.
Quantitative genetics of aerial dispersal behaviour and life-history traits in Tetranychus urticae

Quantitative genetics of aerial dispersal behaviour and life-history traits in Tetranychus urticae
La caractérisation des matières nucléaires par mesure nucléaire non destructive

La caracterisation des matieres nucleaires est rendue possible par methode non destructive (i.e. : sans necessite de prelevement d'echantillon de l'objet a caracteriser) principalement par la detection des rayonnements naturellement emis par ces matieres nucleaires radioactives. Apres un bref descriptif de la societe CANBERRA, Business Unit mesures nucleaires du groupe AREVA qui fabrique et commercialise des produits et solutions de mesures nucleaires, l'auteur s'attache a decrire les principales methodes de caracterisation aussi bien passives qu'actives ainsi que les principaux criteres de mise en oeuvre en fonction des differentes applications industrielles.
Proposing a Longitudinal Economic Model for Exercising Power in Vertical Channel Relationships

Establishing the proper channel structure is one way of improving channel members' satisfaction with a product delivery system. In many cases, channel members are satisfied via the vertical integration of the channel structure. As a result of integration, it may be possible to develop a channel structure that responds to the individual needs and problems of its participants. As channel member satisfaction with the overall network can be enhanced, the distribution process will be improved.
Approaches to Improving Chinese Teaching in the Non-Chinese-L1 Teaching Context

Teaching Chinese in the non-Chinese-L1 context is an important part of TCFL.Compared with the Chinese-L1 learning context,nonChinese-L1 learning context lacks real language situations,opportunities for practice and the learning initiative from the learners.Through this comparison,the essay gives suggestions to teachers on how to play leading roles and to help the students overcome negative influence so as to create a fine language atmosphere and stimulate the students' interest in the language through different means.
Investigation and Study on downy mildew of compositae forage in Gansu province

the species and incidence of downy mildew of compositae forage in Gansu province were investigated in this paper, there are 12 forage species can be infected with downy mildew, which include 7 species of Bremia, 1 species from plasmopara,2 from parapernospora, One combined species and one mutant were newly found The disease incidence in Hexi is higher than that in Longdong and Longnan,where the incidence can be as high as 40%Keys words: Compositae; Bremia; plasmopara;parapernospora; downy mildew; new combined species; new mutant; disease incidence
Engineered Resilience for Complex Systems as a Predictor for Cost Overruns

The ever-increasing complexity of large-scale, ubiquitous systems, and internetworked Systems of Systems SoS, have resulted in non-linear challenges for systems engineering and program management such as interdependent, dynamic, and emergent behaviors that influence design and development cost. In order to invest, make decisions, and effectively manage technology developments, "should-cost" estimates are used to baseline systems to what is considered affordable over the lifecycle. In addition to a higher likelihood for overrun, complex systems traditionally require major acquisitions, budgets, and development schedules where failure results in increased cost consequences. Behavioral properties such as emergence can influence performance resulting in dynamic and unpredictable effects on networked platform operation, system capability, and mission effectiveness. Data analyzed from 526 major weapons programs and from subject-matter expert judgment are explored to propose: 1 a new approach to quantify these risks using prescriptive measures related to complexity, adaptability, and resilience, 2 identify leading indicators to reduce the likelihood of cost overrun, 3 suggest measurements based on research findings and systems heuristics to improve lifecycle cost estimation, and 4 present applications of Engineering Resilience to meet the growing complexity, interdependence, and scale of systems under constrained budgets with a growing demand for affordability.
Arc-Second Infrared Imaging of the Bn-Kl Star Formation Region

Infrared images of the BN-KL region in Orion obtained with the Univ. of Rochester IR Array Camera on the Mees 0.6-m (2.5″/pixel) and the Kitt Peak 1.3-m telescopes (1″/pixel) are presented. These images demonstrate the utility of small telescopes for infrared studies of star formation regions.
Adaptive Designs for Clinical Trials

Investigators use adaptive trial designs to alter basic features of an ongoing trial. This approach obtains the most information possible in an unbiased way while putting the fewest patients at risk. In this review, the authors discuss selected issues in adaptive design.
Narratives of life experience in the digital space: a case study of the images in Richard Deitsch’s single best moment project†

ABSTRACTOn 8 July 2013, Sports Illustrated media critic Richard Deitsch – inspired by a photo that captured a friend celebrating with a brother who had won the NCAA Hockey Championships – asked his 90,000-plus Twitter followers if they had the best moment of their life captured in a photograph. Deitsch retweeted the initial pictures, which prompted many more people to send out photos of their favorite moments. Many of his followers shared photos of some of their most intimate moments, leading CNN to call Deitsch ‘the sportswriter who made Twitter cry’ [Mendoza, D. (2013, July 11). The sportswriter who made Twitter cry. CNN. Retrieved December 11, 2013, from http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/11/tech/storify-best-moments/.s]. Through a thematic examination of 314 photos shared in the Deitsch exchange, the authors reveal that an overwhelming number of images are identified as milestone moments, or narratives of life experience, which denotes that as communication platforms evolve and technologies offer different mo...
The Trauma of the Routine: Lessons on Cultural Trauma from the Emmett Till Verdict

Cultural traumas are socially mediated processes that occur when groups endure horrific events that forever change their consciousness and identity. According to cultural sociologists, these trauma...
A 0.01–26 GHz single-chip SiGe reflectometer for two-port vector network analyzers

This paper presents a single-chip 0.01–26 GHz reflectometer for two-port vector network analyzers (VNA). The reflectometer consists of a bridge coupler integrated together with two wideband heterodyne receivers. For wideband operation, a resistive bridge coupler is used with a directivity of 33 dB up to 26 GHz. Also, a high-linearity receiver channel is designed so as to accommodate 10 dBm of RF input power to the reflectometer. The SiGe chip is 1.8 mm2 and consumes 640 mW from a 3.3 V supply. The dynamic range of the reflectometer chip is 127±2 dB at 0.01–26 GHz with an IF resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 10 Hz. The chip is placed on a printed circuit board (PCB), and RF, LO and DC bias are connecterized. Measurements of several device-under-test units (DUTs) with a two-port 0.01–26 GHz VNA composed of two reflectometer chips shows excellent agreement with a commercial VNA, with a magnitude and phase difference of 21 as well as minimal magnitude and phase difference compared to state-of-the-art VNA measurements.
Does offending intensify as exposure to violence aggregates? Reconsidering the effects of repeat victimization, types of exposure to violence, and poly-victimization on property crime, violent offending, and substance use

Abstract Purpose The relationship between exposure to violence and adverse behavioral outcomes is well-documented. But, heterogeneity in this relationship across different operational strategies for exposure to violence is less well understood. This study examines the effects of repeat victimization, exposure to different types of violence, and poly-victimization on property crime, violent offending, and substance use. Methods We analyze two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 12,603). We operationalize exposure to violence as: a dichotomous indicator of overall occurrence; exposure to multiple incidents of violence (repeat exposure); types of exposure to violence (witnessed, threatened, and experienced violence); and poly-victimization (i.e., repeat exposure to violence and exposure to multiple types of violence). Results Exposure to violence – regardless of how it is measured – increases offending risk. The strongest effects are observed for poly-victimization, followed by repeat exposure to violence and exposure to a single episode of violence. There is little variation in effect sizes across types of exposure to violence. Conclusions The results speak to the utility of preventing the onset of exposure to violence and addressing ongoing exposure to violence in order to interrupt the link between exposure to violence and offending.
Re(CO)3-Templated Synthesis of α-Amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methenes.

α-Amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methenes were synthesized using the Re(CO)3 unit as a templating agent. The products of these template reactions are six-coordinate rhenium complexes, with a facial arrangement of carbonyls, a noncoordinating anion, and a tridentate α-amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methene ligand. The tridentate ligand shows the conversion of one diiminoisoindoline sp2 carbon to a sp3 carbon, which has been seen in the “helmet” and bicyclic phthalocyanines. The bidentate diiminoisoindoline fragment tilts out of the plane of coordination. Five examples of α-amidinoazadi(benzopyrro)methenes produced from these reactions using different nitrile solvents, including the nitrile activation of acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, cyclohexanecarbonitrile, and benzonitrile.
Building and Sustaining Academic Researcher and Criminal Justice Practitioner Partnerships: A Corrections Example

Bringing researchers and practitioners together in partnerships has substantial benefits. Partnerships can inform research questions and provide researchers with data to further their academic dialogues. Collaborative research provides practitioners with a better appreciation for research, and its integration into the provision of service. Published examples of successful partnerships in the criminological field offer insight into navigating the relationship building and maintenance process. The current paper discusses a partnership between researchers and practitioners at a corrections institution. The benefits and challenges to partnerships and recommendations for building and sustaining researcher-practitioner partnerships are discussed.
Wellness-Promoting Practices Through Girl Scouts: A Pragmatic Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial With Additional Dissemination:

Purpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of in-person versus online Girl Scout leader wellness training for implementation of wellness-promoting practices during troop meetings (phase I) and to assess...
The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) as an Enzootic Reservoir of Plague in California

It has long been theorized that deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are a primary reservoir of Yersinia pestis in California. However, recent research from other parts of the western USA has implicated deer mice as spillover hosts during epizootic plague transmission. This retrospective study analyzed deer mouse data collected for plague surveillance by public health agencies in California from 1971 to 2016 to help elucidate the role of deer mice in plague transmission. The fleas most commonly found on deer mice were poor vectors of Y. pestis and occurred in insufficient numbers to maintain transmission of the pathogen, while fleas whose natural hosts are deer mice were rarely observed and even more rarely found infected with Y. pestis on other rodent hosts. Seroprevalence of Y. pestis antibodies in deer mice was significantly lower than that of several chipmunk and squirrel species. These analyses suggest that it is unlikely that deer mice play an important role in maintaining plague transmission in California. While they may not be primary reservoirs, results supported the premise that deer mice are occasionally exposed to and infected by Y. pestis and instead may be spillover hosts.
Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Assessment in Acute Liver Failure

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important cause of death following acute liver failure (ALF). While invasive ICP monitoring (IICPM) is most accurate, the presence of coagulopathy increases bleeding risk in ALF. Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of three noninvasive ultrasound-based measures for the detection of concurrent ICP elevation in ALF—optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using optic nerve ultrasound (ONUS); middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI) on transcranial Doppler (TCD); and ICP calculated from TCD flow velocities (ICPtcd) using the estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPe) technique. In this retrospective study, consecutive ALF patients admitted over a 6-year period who underwent IICPM as well as measurement of ONSD, TCD-PI or ICPtcd were included. ONSD was measured offline by a blinded investigator from deidentified videos. The ability of highest ONSD, TCD-PI, and ICPtcd to detect concurrent invasive ICP > 20 mmHg was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The ROC area under the curve (AUC) was calculated with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and evaluated against the null hypothesis of AUC = 0.5. Noninvasive measures were also evaluated as predictors of in-hospital death. Forty-one ALF patients were admitted during the study period. In total, 27 (66%) underwent IICPM, of these, 23 underwent ONUS and 21 underwent TCD. Eleven out of 23 (48%) patients died (two from intracranial hypertension). Results of ROC analysis for detection of concurrent ICP > 20 mmHg were as follows: ONSD AUC = 0.59 (95% CI 0.37–0.79, p = 0.54); TCD-PI AUC = 0.55 (95% CI 0.34–0.75, p = 0.70); and ICPtcd AUC = 0.90 (0.72–0.98, p < 0.0001). None of the noninvasive measures were significant predictors of death. In patients with ALF, neither ONSD nor TCD-PI reliably detected concurrent ICP elevation on invasive monitoring. Estimation of ICP (ICPtcd) using the TCD CPPe technique was associated with concurrent ICP elevation. Additional studies of TCD CPPe in larger numbers of ALF patients may prove worthwhile.
Radiation Effects in Analysis of Inorganic Specimens by TEM

In the practice of analytical electron microscopy, particularly at near-atomic resolution, one is forced by the exigencies of statistics and the briefness of the encounter between fast electrons and the specimen, to use upwards of 104 electrons per A2 in order to acquire information about the identity and position of a single atom (see Sec. 17.6). It is not therefore surprising that, in addition to the “elastic” interaction which provides positional information and the “inelastic” interaction which provides chemical identification, there should be the further prospect of a significant perturbation of the atomic structure under analysis. Such perturbations may be generically labelled radiation effects and, where they lead to permanent alterations in atomic structure, can be sensibly termed radiation damage.
The Ninja jukebox

We present the design and implementation of the "Ninja Jukebox", an infrastructural service that allows a community of users to build a distributed, collaborative music repository that delivers digital music to Internet clients, and that performs simple collaborative filtering based on users' song preferences inferred by the service. The Jukebox, implemented in Java, was designed to allow rapid service evolution and reconfiguration, simplicity in participation, and extensibility. We demonstrate that our careful use of a distributed component architecture enabled rapid prototyping of the service, and that our use of carefully designed, strongly typed interfaces enabled the smooth evolution of the service from a simple prototype to a more complex, mature system.
Network mobility support in IPv6

This thesis is devoted to the study of network mobility support in IPv6, the new generation of Internet Protocol. Network mobility support, unlike host mobility support, is concerned with situations where an entire network changes its point of attachment in the Internet topology. The purpose is to provide continuous and optimal Internet access to all nodes located in the mobile network. Network mobility support must be considered separately from host mobility support because it raises a number of new issues concerning the question of addressing, locating and routing. Our first contribution is the definition of a taxonomy that is used to describe all existing host mobility support schemes. Our second contribution is the definition of a new terminolog- y, set of issues and set of requirements specifically targeted to network mobility support. Among possible approaches, we focus on Mobile IPv6, the IETF host mobility support standard and we study its ability to support mobile networks. We consider both short and long-term solutions. We propose extending Mobile IPv6 with new features as an immediate solution to address its shortcomings. As for the long term, we address the question of scalability to a large number of mobile networks communicating with a potentially large number of nodes. We propose the use of two distinct multicast techniques as solutions to reduce signaling incurred by Mobile IPv6. The performance of our multicast extensions is evaluated by simulation. We conclude this dissertation with a prospective architecture framework which combines our multicast extensions with a number of other techniques identified during this study.
BUBBLE COALESCENCE AND BREAK-UP IN FERMENTATIONS

ABSTRACT Bubble coalescence and break-up have been studied in model pseudoplastic fluids (carbopol 934). The rates of coalescence and break-up have been determined in turbulent flows using high speed photography. The effects of liquid viscosity and intensity of turbulence on coalescence and breakup are examined both experimentally and theoretically. A theory for predicting the maximum stable particle size in turbulent pipe flows is presented that fits both our own bubble break-up data and liquid-liquid data obtained from the literature. Bubble coalescence was examined experimentally and found to be controlled by instabilities growing at the surface of the bubble. The effect of pseudoplasticity on surface instabilities is examined theoretically.
A Taxonomy of Secondary School Athletic Team Names and Mascots in the United States

Athletic team names are a fascinating yet understudied topic in onomastics. Inspired by the work of Nuessel (1994) and Smith (1997) and framed by the extensive toponymy approach described by Tent (...
REMEMBERING THE PALESTINE GROUP: GLOBAL ACTIVISM, FRIENDSHIP, AND THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION

The Palestine Group was a loosely connected collection of young anti-Shah activists some of whom were arrested and tried publically in 1970 for the crime of acting against the Pahlavi monarchy and Iran's national security. Their plight became global, receiving support from anticolonial figures such as Jean-Paul Sartre. But while they played an important role in inspiring the revolutionary generation, in the historiography of the 1979 revolution and that of the global south, their story has been mostly forgotten. This article argues for remembering the Palestine Group by focusing on two facets of their prerevolutionary activism: the importance of a connection to the anti-imperial/colonial struggles that spread from “Asia to Africa”; and the centrality of maḥfilī politics (friendship circles) in addition to tashkīlātī (organizational) politics, which the historiography has traditionally emphasized. It demonstrates that as resistance shifted from maḥfil to tashkīlāt, it also shifted from a global struggle where Iran was one node out of many, to a nationalized struggle.
Crazy Accounting at Crazy Eddie Inc.

The case describes a well-known fraud at a consumer electronics chain in the tri-state New York area in the 1980s. Due to its notoriousness and multifacetedness, the case is engaging and provides many learning opportunities for accounting students. The case exposes students to several important concepts, including: (1) financial statement fraud; (2) fraud motivation triangle; (3) fraud element triangle; (4) red flags; (5) fraud schemes; (6) audit risk, independence, professional skepticism and audit failure; and (7) the importance of internal control.
Old Mice Have Less Transcriptional Activation But Similar Periosteal Cell Proliferation Compared to Young-Adult Mice in Response to in vivo Mechanical Loading.

Mechanical loading is a potent strategy to induce bone formation, but with aging, the bone formation response to the same mechanical stimulus diminishes. Our main objectives were to (i) discover the potential transcriptional differences and (ii) compare the periosteal cell proliferation between tibias of young-adult and old mice in response to strain-matched mechanical loading. First, to discover potential age-related transcriptional differences, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the loading responses between tibias of young-adult (5-month) and old (22-month) C57BL/6N female mice following 1, 3, or 5 days of axial loading (loaded versus non-loaded). Compared to young-adult mice, old mice had less transcriptional activation following loading at each time point, as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the fold-changes of the DEGs. Old mice engaged fewer pathways and gene ontology (GO) processes, showing less activation of processes related to proliferation and differentiation. In tibias of young-adult mice, we observed prominent Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM), and neuronal responses, which were diminished with aging. Additionally, we identified several targets that may be effective in restoring the mechanoresponsiveness of aged bone, including nerve growth factor (NGF), Notum, prostaglandin signaling, Nell-1, and the AP-1 family. Second, to directly test the extent to which periosteal cell proliferation was diminished in old mice, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in a separate cohort of mice to label cells that divided during the 5-day loading interval. Young-adult and old mice had an average of 15.5 and 16.7 BrdU+ surface cells/mm, respectively, suggesting that impaired proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not explain the diminished bone formation response with aging. We conclude that old mice have diminished transcriptional activation following mechanical loading, but periosteal proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not differ between tibias of young-adult and old mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mechanistic Modeling and Economic Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Potential in Airport Pavements

This study investigated the feasibility of applying piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in airfield pavements through mechanistic modeling and economic analysis. The energy harvesting perfor...
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Allowing Additional Time in Cleaning Hospital Contact Precautions Rooms

Increasing cleaning time may reduce hospital-acquired transmission of Clostridioides difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). We c...
Cyanobacteria provide a new paradigm in the regulation of cofactor dependence.

Competition for resources is a decisive driver for success. Entire civilizations have collapsed when food scarcity leads to conflict. Competition for nutrients has also shaped evolution, with modern-day species descending from the victors. While archeological digs and historical accounts yield insight into how resource competition impacted human history, whole-genome sequencing is needed to understand the inherited adaptations that passed the filter of natural selection. Leveraging comparative genomics, Garcia-Canas et al. (1) report their discovery of how cyanobacteria won the arms race when confronted with resource limitation caused by copper deficiency. Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of bacteria credited with the evolution of oxygen-producing photosynthesis, a process with an absolute requirement for metal cofactors, including iron, manganese, and copper. Garcia-Canas et al. (1) find that a BlaI-family transcription factor and BlaR1-family protease evolved to regulate the transcription-mediated swap of copper-dependent plastocyanin (PC) for iron-dependent cytochrome c 6 (Cyt c 6) (1). Over 40 y ago, researchers studying green algae (2) and cyanobacteria (3) proposed that replacement of PC with Cyt c 6 provides a strategy to maintain photosynthesis with a “back-up” protein when PC becomes inactivated due to copper insufficiency, but how this interchange is regulated in cyanobacteria remained unknown until now. PC and Cyt c 6 are functionally identical, small, soluble, electron-transfer proteins that transfer one electron at a time from the cytochrome b 6 f complex to photosystem I during oxygenic photosynthesis. However, that is where their similarities end. The two proteins are evolutionarily unrelated, differing in both primary sequence and tertiary structure. The most striking difference between these two isofunctional proteins is their cofactors. Cyt c 6 contains a tetrapyrrole-bound iron atom (i.e., heme) that switches between Fe3+ and Fe2+ … [↵][1]1Email: cblaby{at}bnl.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Intertemporal Hedging and Trade in Repeated Games with Recursive Utility

The paper studies infinitely repeated games in which the players’ rates of time preference may evolve over time, depending on what transpires in the game. A key result is that in any first best equilibrium of the repeated prisoners’ dilemma, the players must eventually cooperate. If we assume that the players become more patient as they obtain better outcomes, we show that cooperation prevails from the beginning of the game and is thus the unique outcome of any first best equilibrium. The latter result is suitably extended to all symmetric two player games. A separate contribution of the paper is to propose a framework in which intertemporal trade can emerge as a first best equilibrium of a repeated strategic interaction, generating predictions that differ from those in the standard framework.