cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Cancer of the Ovary: Technique

Ovarian carcinoma is the most frustrating problem in gynecology. The inability to diagnose it is reflected in the figures reporting that 70 to 80% of the patients have stage III and IV lesions when they present for treatment. With well-structured treatment protocols, the survival rate for the truly invasive ovarian cancers ranges between 15 and 25%. When the ovarian cancer presents in the form of widespread millet seed or pinhead-sized nodules covering all peritoneal surfaces, including the bowel, liver, and kidney areas, it is no longer a surgical disease. However, surgery is the backbone of therapy, and every attempt must be made to excise all tumor; failing with this optimal approach, it is important to remove as much tumor as possible. Debulking and significant reductive surgery can in many instances convert a patient from the poor prognosis group to a more favorable group. The size of the largest residual tumor mass remaining after surgery is the most important prognostic factor when determining the survival of patients with common epithelial ovarian cancer. It is probably related to the biology rather than to the volume of tumor.
Overview of the pharmacology and toxicology of immunosuppressant agents that require therapeutic drug monitoring

This chapter provides an overview of the mechanisms of action, pharmacological parameters, reference range, and toxicological aspects of various immunosuppressants that require therapeutic drug monitoring. These immunosuppressants include cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and mycophenolic acid. Chemical structures of these immunosuppressants are also provided.
A new measure of baseball batters using DEA

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to create an alternative to traditional batting statistics called the Composite Batter Index (CBI). Advantages of CBI over traditional statistics include the fact that players are judged on the basis of what they accomplish relative to other players and that it automatically accounts for changing conditions of the game that raise or lower batting statistics. Historical results are examined to show how the industry of baseball batting has matured and potential uses of CBI are discussed. The application of baseball suggests that random variation may have an effect on CBI. We investigated this effect by creating noisy data sets based on actual data sets and then compared the results, which revealed a negative bias in the majority of cases. We then present and test an extension to DEA for mitigating this effect of noise in evaluating a batter's true "skill".
Expression of slit‐2 and slit‐3 during chick development

The Drosophila and vertebrate slit proteins have been characterized as secreted chemorepellents recognized by the robo receptor proteins that function principally for the guidance of neuronal axons and neurons. slit genes are also expressed in the limb. To provide a basis for the determination of slit functions in the limb we have isolated and characterized the expression of chick slit-2 and slit-3 in the developing limb and other tissues of the chick embryo. Both genes share similar expression profiles in the chick embryo when compared to that of their mammalian homologues, particularly in the neural tube. In the limb, their expression patterns suggest their involvement in many aspects of limb development. In the early limb bud, slit-2 is expressed in the peripheral mesenchyme and invading muscle precursors, while slit-3 expression is restricted to the future chondrogenic core of the limb bud. At later stages, both slit genes are expressed in interdigital mesenchyme, in inner periosteal cells, and in mesenchyme immediately radial to the periosteum and under the epidermis. slit-3 is also expressed in proliferating chondrocytes during cartilage development, while slit-2 is expressed in later muscle masses and peripherally to joints in the autopod.
Cloud Mat: Context-Aware Personalization of Fitness Content

Digital video content via broadcast television, Internet and other content distribution networks provide limited interaction for fitness and wellness activities. The content delivery is one-way only and provides no personalization to the pace, programming and progress of the user's exercise routine. Furthermore, the content is to be viewed only on a screen which makes it awkward and incompatible with full-body activities such as yoga, pilates and T'ai chi. We present Cloud Mat, a system for context-aware personalization of fitness content with cloud-enabled connected surfaces. Cloud Mat provides real-time closed-loop feedback between the state of the user on the physical mat and the state of the content in the cloud service. Content is tagged with actuation signals where events are delegated from the screen to display on an electro luminescent lighting layer on the mat, which provides spatial guidance to the end-user. Through the sensor-layer embedded in the mat, the physical interface captures the pose and timing of the user activity and relays it to the Context-aware Personalization cloud service. This service coordinates sensing and actuation between the content stream and mat by generating pose templates and metadata files about the exercise routine to be delivered to the user. Through this interactive process between the physical mat and the content service, the feedback provided by the user performing the routine continuously adapts the pace and programming to maintain the desired user experience. We demonstrate the utility of the system and evaluate the system performance with a case study on interactive yoga.
A multifaceted approach to promote a university repository: The University of Kansas' experience

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the history of KU ScholarWorks, the University of Kansas' institutional repository, and the various strategies used to promote and populate it.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes how KU ScholarWorks came into being, and discusses the variety of activities employed to publicize the repository and encourage faculty to deposit their work. In addition, the paper discusses some of the concerns expressed by faculty members, and some of the obstacles encountered in getting them to use the repository. The paper concludes with some observations about KU's efforts, an assessment of the success of the program to date, and suggests some next steps the program may take.Findings – The paper found that KU ScholarWorks has relied on a “self‐archiving” model, which requires regular communication with faculty and long‐term community building. Repository content continues to grow at a steady pace, but uptake among faculty has been slow. In the absence of mand...
Magnetic order in TbCo 2 Zn 20 and TbFe 2 Zn 20

We report neutron diffraction studies of ${\text{TbCo}}_{2}{\text{Zn}}_{20}$ and ${\text{TbFe}}_{2}{\text{Zn}}_{20}$, two isostructural compounds which exhibit dramatically different magnetic behavior. In the case of ${\text{TbCo}}_{2}{\text{Zn}}_{20}$, magnetic Bragg peaks corresponding to antiferromagnetic order are observed below ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\approx}2.5\text{ }\text{K}$ with a propagation vector of (0.5 0.5 0.5). On the other hand, ${\text{TbFe}}_{2}{\text{Zn}}_{20}$ undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at temperatures as high as 66 K which shows a high sensitivity to sample-to-sample variations. Two samples of ${\text{TbFe}}_{2}{\text{Zn}}_{20}$ with the same nominal compositions but with substantially different magnetic ordering temperatures (${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}51$ and 66 K) were measured by single-crystal neutron diffraction. Structural refinements of the neutron diffraction data find no direct signature of atomic site disorder between the two ${\text{TbFe}}_{2}{\text{Zn}}_{20}$ samples except for subtle differences in the anisotropic thermal parameters. The differences in the anisotropic thermal parameters between the two samples are likely due to very small amounts of disorder. This provides further evidence for the extreme sensitivity of the magnetic properties of ${\text{TbFe}}_{2}{\text{Zn}}_{20}$ to small sample variations, even small amounts of disorder.
Collagen-muscle ratio in clinically normal and clinically incompetent cervices

Abstract A simple, accurate means of histological quantitation of tissue elements is applied to the study of the human uterine cervix. Employing this device, the amount of muscle was found to be higher in a group of patients with clinical cervical incompetency than in an equivalent area of the cervix in a control group of patients immedaitely following normal labor at term. This finding is regarded as confirmation of the thesis that excessive amounts of muscle may be a factor in the production of cervical incompetency. The several cervices showing no conformity to this thesis strengthen the conviction that cervical incompetency often results from a combination of several factors, rather than from simple trauma, or a deviation in cervical composition.
UNDP/GEF project in Egypt energy improvement and greenhouse gas reduction

This paper describes a project being launched by the Egyptian Electricity Authority (EEA) in collaboration with the Organisation of Energy Planning (OEP) with funds from UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) and GEF (Global Environment Facility) and the Egyptian Government. The overall objective of this project is to assist Egypt in reducing the long-term growth of greenhouse gas emissions from electric power generation and from consumption of nonrenewable fuel resources. In responding to the operating conditions, public and private industry must invest in process modifications and new machinery to remain competitive, with excellent likelihood that their investments will have favourable rates of return based on savings from reduced operating costs. The funding for this project will leverage the new investments in ways that are most beneficial to the global environment.
The genetics and genomics of thoracic aortic disease

Genetic studies over the past several decades have helped to better elucidate the genomics and inheritance of thoracic aortic diseases. Seminal work from various researchers have identified several genetic factors and mutations that predispose to aortic aneurysms, which will aid in better screening and early intervention, resulting in better clinical outcomes. Syndromic aneurysms have been associated with Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, aneurysm osteoarthritis syndrome, arterial tortuosity syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, and TGFβ mutation. Mutations in MYH11, TGFβR1, TGFβR2, MYLK, and ACTA2 genes have been linked to familial non-syndromic cases, although linkage analysis is limited by incomplete penetrance and/or locus heterogeneity. This overview presents a summary of key genetic and genomic factors that are associated with thoracic aortic diseases.
The Fertility Impact of Temporary Migration in China: A Detachment Hypothesis

This paper expands themigration-fertility linkage literature by examiningthe fertility impact of temporary migration inHubei, China. The central hypothesis is thattemporary migration affects migrants' fertilitythrough a detachment process: The separation oftemporary migrants' actual residence from their de jure residence creates a loophole in family planningadministration, weakening the social control overtheir fertility. The analysis of annualorder-specific births since 1979 suggests thattemporary migrants exhibit significantly higherprobabilities of having a second birth thanpermanent migrants and non-migrants once type ofresidence is controlled for; rural-rural temporarymigrants have the highest fertility among all groupsexamined. The results lend support to the detachmenthypothesis while indicating a strong anti-natalimpact of urban residence. Rural-urban temporarymigrants are not the ones to blame for increases inout-planning births in contemporary China, but theirfertility would have been lower if there had been nodetachment. Rural-rural temporary migrants areactually the escapees of the one-child-per-familypolicy.
Obesity, autophagy and the pathogenesis of liver and pancreatic cancers

Liver and pancreatic cancers are both highly lethal diseases with limited to no therapeutic options for patients. Recent studies suggest that deregulated autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases by perturbing cellular homeostasis and laying the foundation for disease development. While accumulation of p62 upon impaired autophagy has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma, its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains less clear. This review will focus on recent studies illustrating the role of autophagy in liver and pancreatic cancers. The relationships between autophagy, nuclear factor-κB signaling and obesity in hepatocellular carcinoma will be discussed, as well as the dual role of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Game Theory in Communication Research

Most mathematical models of communication have, like information theory, described one-way transmission of information and its attendant characteristics. Yet most communication theorists will agree with Berlo that communication is a dynamic, interdependent process. The problem of mathematical description of such a process is quite difficult because this process transcends the mechanics of signaling. The theory of games, which analyzes interactions in terms of their outcomes, is proposed as an alternative mathematical description. The assumptions necessary for such description are (1) that most communication is purposeful activity occuring between at least two participants, (2) that the participants in this process have goals that are observable and measurable, (3) that the interaction of maximum value to participants represents the goal of ideal communication. Granting these assumptions, then communication can be described in terms of an array of outcomes or a matrix which can be “solved” by means of the theory of games. Such solution represents the “ideal” interaction and the application of such theory to communicative situations should be very productive.
Simulation of FCC riser flow with multiphase heat transfer and cracking reactions

A validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code ICRKFLO was developed for simulations of three-dimensional three-phase reacting flows in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) riser reactors. It calculates the product yields based on local flow properties by solving the fundamental conservation principles of mass, momentum, and energy for the flow properties associated with the gas, liquid, and solid phases. Unique phenomenological models and numerical techniques were developed specifically for the FCC flow simulation. The models include a spray vaporization model, a particle-solid interaction model, and an interfacial heat transfer model. The numerical techniques include a time-integral approach to overcome numerical stiffness problems in chemical kinetics rate calculations and a hybrid hydrodynamic-kinetic treatment to facilitate detailed kinetics calculations of cracking reactions. ICRKFLO has been validated with extensive test data from two pilot and one commercial FCC units. It is proven to be useful for advanced development of FCC riser reactors.
[Bis­(trimethylsilyl)amido‐κN]{tert‐butyl[(E)‐2‐(tert‐butyl­imino)­ethyl]amido‐κ2N,N′}tin(II), a key inter­mediate in the synthesis of 1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,3,2‐diaza­stannole

The title compound, [Sn(C 10 H 21 N 2 )(C 6 H 18 NSi 2 )], contains the Sn II centre in a trigonal-pyramidal geometry. The basal plane is formed by three N atoms and the fourth apical position is occupied by a stereoactive lone pair. The Sn atom is displaced from the plane of the three N atoms by 1.1968 (12) A. The Sn-N bonds are highly polarized toward the N atoms, as confirmed by natural bonding orbital analysis.
Institutionalization, Privatization, and Political Opportunity: What Tactical Choices Reveal About the Policy Advocacy of Human Service Nonprofits

Although awareness of the involvement of human service nonprofits (HSNPs) in policy advocacy has grown, scholars continue to know little about how they actually carry out their advocacy work. This study uses a large, representative survey of HSNPs to answer two primary research questions: First, what kinds of advocacy tactics do HSNPs participate in most frequently? Second, does reliance on government funding and greater institutionalization, both pervasive trends among HSNPs, affect the choices they make when it comes to the tactics they engage in? Findings indicate that HSNPs are involved in a wide range of advocacy tactics, but that together the field-level trends of institutionalization and privatization may be increasing political opportunity for HSNPs, leading to tactical choices similar to those of interest groups. Increased institutionalization and dependence on government funding are associated with using a wider variety of tactics overall and increased use of insider tactics in particular.
Intestinal release of mucin in response to HCl and taurocholate: Effect of indomethacin

Abstract 1. 1. Alkaline secretion and mucin output were analyzed along the gastrointestinal tract of a dog in response to luminal application of HC1 and taurocholate with and without pretreatment with indomethacin. 2. 2. Mucins derived from the different areas displayed similar contents of protein and carbohydrate but differed with respect to associated and covalently bound lipids. 3. 3. Application of HC1 or taurocholate in all the regions caused an increase in the output of mucins and HCO3−. However, mucins elaborated in response to HC1 exhibited higher total lipid content and were richer in phospholipids. 4. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin prior to HC1 application led to a reduction in HCO3− and caused a decrease in mucin phospholipid content, but had no effect on HCO3− secretion and the lipid content of mucins elaborated in response to taurocholate. 5. 5. The results indicate that mucins elaborated along the gastrointestinal tract differ with respect to lipids, and that their output in response to HC1 is mediated by prostaglandins.
Methyl Salicylate: A Reactive Chemical Warfare Agent Surrogate to Detect Reaction with Hypochlorite

Methyl salicylate (MeS) has a rich history as an inert physical simulant for the chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard and soman, where it is used extensively for liquid- and vapor-permeation testing. Here we demonstrate possible utility of MeS as a reactivity simulant for chlorine-based decontaminants. In these experiments MeS was reacted with sodium hypochlorite varying stoichiometry, temperature, reaction time, and pH. No colored oxidation products were observed; however, chlorination of the aromatic ring occurred ortho (methyl 3-chlorosalicylate) and para (methyl 5-chlorosalicylate) to the position bearing the -OH group in both the mono- and disubstituted forms. The monosubstituted para product accumulated initially, and the ortho and 3,5-dichloro products formed over the next several hours. Yields from reactions conducted below pH 11 declined rapidly with decreasing pH. Reactions run at 40 °C produced predominantly para substitution, while those run at 0 °C produced lower yields of ortho- and para-substituted products. Reactions were also carried out on textile substrates of cotton, 50/50 nylon-cotton, and a meta aramid. The textile data broadly reproduced reaction times and stoichiometry observed in the liquid phase, but are complicated by physical and possibly chemical interactions with the fabric. These data indicate that, for hypochlorite-containing neutralizing agents operating at strongly alkaline pH, one can expect MeS to react stoichiometrically with the hypochlorite it encounters. This suggests utility of MeS in lieu of such highly hazardous surrogates as monochloroalkyl sulfides as a simulant for threat scenarios involving the stoichiometric decomposition of sulfur mustard. Specifically, the extent of coverage of the simulant on a fabric by the neutralizing agent can be directly measured. Similar reactivity toward other halogen oxidizing agents is likely but remains to be demonstrated.
Plasma MCP-1 level and risk for peripheral arterial disease and incident coronary heart disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which mediates the recruitment of monocytes, has been suggested to play a role in atherosclerosis. Because the correlation between circulating MCP-1 and cardiovascular risk has not been thoroughly investigated, we determined the relationship between MCP-1 level and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or coronary heart disease (CHD). In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 209 cases with lower extremity PAD and 412 cases with incident CHD were compared with 733 and 709 subjects without PAD and CHD, respectively. Mean plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in PAD cases (468.7 versus 416.5 pg/mL in non-cases). MCP-1 levels correlated significantly with other inflammatory markers in comparison subjects. Logistic regression analyses showed a significant association of MCP-1 with PAD, independent of traditional CHD risk factors, with an odds ratio of 2.14 (95% CI, 1.28-3.60) for the highest MCP-1 tertile compared with the lowest. Incident CHD risk increased significantly per 1 standard deviation (S.D.) difference in MCP-1 level independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory markers. These data show that MCP-1 is associated with atherosclerotic disease in two vascular beds and suggest that MCP-1 may be a novel target for atherosclerosis therapy.
Eigenbeam analysis of the diversity in bat biosonar beampatterns.

A quantitative analysis of the interspecific variability in the biosonar beampatterns of bats has been performed on a data set that consisted of 267 emission and reception beampatterns from 98 different species. The beampatterns were aligned using a pairwise optimization framework defined by a rotation for which a cost function is minimized. The cost function was defined by a p-norm computed over all direction and summed across a discrete set of evenly sampled frequencies. For a representative subset of beampatterns, it was found that all pairwise alignments between beampatterns result in a global minimum that fell near the plane bisecting the mean direction of each beampattern and containing the origin. Following alignment, the average beampattern was found to consist of a single lobe that narrowed with increasing frequency. Variability around the average beampattern was analyzed using principle component analysis (PCA) that resulted in “eigenbeams”: The first three “eigenbeams” were found to control the beamwidth of the beampattern across frequency while higher rank eigenbeams accounted for symmetry breaks and changes in lobe direction. Reception and emission beampattern could be differentiated based on their PCA scores using only a small number of eigenbeams.
Nucleotide and adenosine metabolism in different cell types of human and rat heart.

Evaluation of enzyme activities involved in nucleotide metabolism and adenosine production within different cell types can provide important information on their contribution to the overall metabolism of the heart. The following enzyme activities were determined: adenosine kinase (AK), adenosine deaminase (ADA), S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), AMP deaminase (AMPD), membrane 5′ nucleotidase (M5′N), AMP specific (AC5′N) and IMP specific(IC5′N) cytosolic 5′nucleotidases in (1) rat heart (n=5), (2) rat cardiomyocytes obtained by collagenase digestion (n=5), (3) human heart (n=6) obtained from explants or papillary muscles collected during heart transplantation or mitral valve replacement, and (4) human umbilical cord endothelial cells in primary culture (n=4). In the human heart, activities (μmol/min/g wet wight) were as follows: AK (0.14±0.01), ADA (0.46±0.03), SAHH (0.001±0.0003), PNP (0.43±0.08), AMPD (0.41±0.05), M5′N (1.75±0.12), IC5′N (0.21±0.03) and AC5′N (0.11±0.02). These enzyme activities were lower than those determined in the rat heart with the exception of AC5′N and IC5′N which were equal. The most prominent difference observed was for AMPD and M5′N which were nine and five-fold more active in the rat heart. Rat cardiomyocyte enzyme activities were comparable to those measured in whole rat heart with the exception of ADA (six-fold lower) and PNP (16-fold lower). Endothelial cell activities were notably different from those in the human heart particularly in the case of SAHH (nine-fold higher) and PNP (16-fold higher). These data highlight the fact that myocardial enzymes of purine metabolism are generally less active in the human heart than in rat heart, whereas the crucial pathways of intercellular adenosine production and reincorporation are comparable. The umbilical vein endothelium shows substantial catalytic capacity for adenosine formation both via intracellular and extracellular dephosphorylation and SAHH pathways. Comparison of activities in endothelial cell preparations with those in the whole heart indicate that the enzymes of adenosine breakdown pathway. ADA and PNP, appear to be located predominantly in the endothelium.
Fatty acid metabolism as a target for obesity treatment.

Abstract Although metabolites and energy balance have long been known to play roles in the regulation of food intake, the potential role of fatty acid metabolism in this process has been considered only recently. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to generate long-chain fatty acids in the cytoplasm, while the breakdown of fatty acids (β-oxidation) occurs in mitochondria and is regulated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), the rate-limiting step for the entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria. Inhibition of FAS using cerulenin or synthetic FAS inhibitors such as C75 reduces food intake and induces profound reversible weight loss. Subsequent studies reveal that C75 also stimulates CPT-1 and increases β-oxidation. Hypotheses as to the mechanisms by which C75 and cerulenin mediate their effects have been proposed. Centrally, these compounds alter the expression profiles of feeding-related neuropeptides, often inhibiting the expression of orexigenic peptides. Whether through centrally mediated or peripheral mechanisms, C75 also increases energy consumption, which contributes to weight loss. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that at least part of C75's effects is mediated by modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a known peripheral energy-sensing kinase. Collectively, these data suggest a role for fatty acid metabolism in the perception and regulation of energy balance.
System requirements for GaAs digital ICs

High speed digital GaAs ICs have demonstrated a speed advantage over comparable Si ICs. However, one must ask if a very short gate delay is sufficient for high speed digital applications. To be considered too are the potential user areas (general purpose computers, number crunching computers, parallel processing, high-speed signal processing and/or communication interfaces) and if higher speed, lower complexity GaAs digital ICs provide an overall system advantage over the slower, but more complex Si technologies . . .Panelists will address this problem as it applies to their diverse backgrounds and needs, and attempt to define areas where GaAs digital ICs will provide a speed advantage.
Pantoprazole in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Helicobacter pylori gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. PPIs are characterized by high efficacy, safety and lack of tachyphylaxis with very selective action on the proton pump in the parietal cell. Currently, five primary PPIs are available for use in adults. Although used for similar indications in the pediatric age group, only limited data are available in children. Limited knowledge of these medications in pediatrics suggests minimal risk of short-term complications. Data are emerging on pediatric experiences with pantoprazole. Additional pharmacokinetic and clinical data are needed with this PPI, which may prove the suitability of its use in children and be used to seek pediatric labeling. A literature review of pantoprazole use in children and adolescents is presented.
Very mild Alzheimer׳s disease is characterized by increased sensitivity to mnemonic interference

Early pathology and tissue loss in Alzheimer׳s disease (AD) occurs in the hippocampus, a brain region that has recently been implicated in relational processing irrespective of delay. Thus, tasks that involve relational processing will especially tax the hippocampal memory system, and should be sensitive to even mild dysfunction typical of early AD. Here we used a short-lag, short-delay memory task previously shown to be sensitive to hippocampal integrity in an effort to discriminate cognitive changes due to healthy aging from those associated with very mild AD. Young adults, healthy older adults, and individuals with very mild AD (N=30 for each group) participated in our investigation, which entailed attempting to find an exact match to a previously presented target among a series of stimuli that varied in perceptual similarity to the target stimulus. Older adults with very mild AD were less accurate than healthy older adults, who, in turn, were impaired relative to young adults. Older adults with very mild AD were also particularly susceptible to interference from intervening lure stimuli. A measure based on this finding was able to explain additional variance in differentiating those in the very mild stage of AD from healthy older adults after accounting for episodic memory and global cognition composite scores in logistic regression models. Our findings suggest that cognitive changes in early stage AD reflect aging along with an additional factor potentially centered on sensitivity to interference, thereby supporting multifactorial models of aging.
The axial anomaly and the sum rules for spin dependent electroproduction

Abstract The sum rules for deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized protons or neutrons are re-examined in light of the non-conservation of the U(1) axial current in QCD. I derive inequalities (at large Q 2 ) ∫ 0 1 d x g ep 1 (x, Q 2 )⩾(1.18±0.01)[−α s (Q 2 )/π] and ∫ 0 1 d x g en 1 (x, Q 2 ) ⩾ (−0.82±0.01)[1−α s (Q 2 )/π] , which are likely to be saturated. The deviations of these results from parton model sum rules are direct consequences of the axial anomaly.
Self-knowledge and Convention

This paper is a defence of the combination of three theses. First, selfknowledge is a requirement of good lives, but it must include knowledge of our limitations. Second, these limitations are set by certain unavoidable conventions whose observance is another requirement of good lives. Third, Sophocles's Oedipus the King is a moral text of the highest significance, for it contains a profound account of why self-knowledge must include knowledge of unavoidable conventions limiting human aspirations. It is a commonplace in contemporary moral thinking that selfknowledge liberates. For if we know our possibilities, we remove one *impediment in the way of good lives: ignorance of what we want and are capable of achieving. We are free to the extent that we control what we do. But to control it, we must first know what we want and can do, and so we must have self-knowledge to be free. The emphasis on selfknowledge, thus understood, is a distinctive mark of contemporary sensibility. The influence of psychoanalysis, the popularity of autobiographical writing, the widespread attention to false consciousness, bad faith, and self-deception, the frequent use of interior monologue in literature are some of the signs of our celebration of self-knowledge. By and large, this is a salutary development. But it should not lead us to ignore the other aspect of self-knowledge: knowledge of our limitations. Much less is heard about this, and I intend this paper to nudge us in the direction of redressing the prevailing imbalance. Now the limitations I have in mind are moral, not empirical or logical. It hardly needs saying that not even perfect self-knowledge enables people to be at two places simultaneously, or that sleep, food, and shelter are needed to stay alive. It is less obvious, however, that good lives must also conform to certain conventions. These conventions are not inviolable, yet conformity to them is necessary, because trangressions make good lives impossible. I know of no better treatment of this subject than Sophocles's Oedipus the King. I shall start by giving a brief account of the liberating aspect of self-knowledge. Then, I shall offer an interpretation of the play which directs our attention to the conventional limit-setting aspects of self-knowledge. Finally, I shall
Multidimensional reference regions for IGF-I, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 concentrations in serum of healthy adults.

Abstract Context : The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system exerts many effects on the growth and differentiation of both normal and malignant cells. The serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (S-IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (S-IGFBP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (S-IGFBP-3) and their inter-relations may differ in certain disease states from those seen in healthy individuals. Objective : To estimate age-, gender- and body mass index (BMI)-specific univariate, bivariate and trivariate 95% reference regions for these components in healthy adults and present indices that will facilitate interpretation of patient observations in relation to these reference regions. Design : Blood samples were taken in the morning from 427 healthy, non-fasting German blood donors of both genders (age range, 18–79 years; BMI range, 16–44kg/m 2 ). Reference regions were developed with multivariate regression methods. Results : Regression analyses showed that S-IGF-I and S-IGFBP-3 levels decrease with increasing age, whereas S-IGFBP-2 concentrations increase with age ( P P P r =0.58), whereas S-IGF-I and S-IGFBP-2, and S-IGFBP-2 and S-IGFBP-3 were negatively correlated ( r =–0.11 and r =–0.18, respectively). Based on the regression models, which were controlled for age, gender and BMI, two- and three-dimensional 95% reference regions with associated patient indices were described for each pair of analytes and for the trio of analytes, respectively. Conclusions : The multivariate reference regions developed in this study should be useful in identifying patients with an abnormal IGF–IGFBP axis. It is suggested that introducing multidimensional reference regions and the described patient indices into clinical practice may aid monitoring of the safety of GH therapy. These patient indices may also be useful in the assessment of cancer risk.
Networking vehicles for safety: embedding cyber networks in physical networks

A cyber-physical systems perspective on the design of vehicular networking solutions for safer and greener transportation.
The effect of deprivation level during noncontingent pairings and instrumental learning on subsequent instrumental performance

Abstract In Experiment 1, rats received either response-noncontingent pairings of a tone stimulus with food or response-contingent instrumental training during which only responses in the presence of the tone were reinforced. During this training rats were maintained at either 70 or 90% of their growth-adjusted predeprivation body weights. In a subsequent test phase, one-half of the subjects in each training condition were tested under either 70 or 90% body weight. Subjects which had received response-contingent instrumental training under 70% body weight responded significantly faster to presentations of the tone than did 90% body weight-trained subjects, regardless of test deprivation condition. There was no effect of the deprivation level in effect during response-noncontingent pairings. In Experiment 2, rats received noncontingent tone-reward pairings or nonpairings under either 70 or 90% body weight. In a later test phase under 90% body weight, instrumental responding to the tone was significantly faster for subjects which had received the tone-reward pairings. Deprivation level during the pairings again produced no effect. These results support two conclusions. First, the expectancy learning process appears to be relatively independent of deprivation conditions in effect when such learning takes place; and secondly, deprivation conditions in effect during instrumental learning affect the strength of S-R associative bonds formed.
The polarized infrared spectrum of crystalline dimethyl oxalate

Abstract The polarized infrared spectra of oriented crystal films of dimethyl oxalate have been recorded at approximately 20 K. The symmetry species of the intramolecular modes have been determined on the basis of the polarization behavior of the observed bands and compared to the assignments made by previous workers by indirect methods. The Davydov components in some of the bands are observed and assigned to the infrared active factor group symmetry species Au and Bu.
Optimal measurement matrices for neighbor discovery

We study the problem of neighbor discovery in which each node desires to detect nodes within a single hop. Each node is assigned a unique signature known by all other nodes. The problem can be considered as a compressed sensing problem. We propose a explicit-non-random-construction for the signatures. Further, we suggest the basis pursuit to detect the neighbors and offer a guarantee for its performance. Specifically, we show that the average number of errors can be made arbitrary small as the number of nodes in the network grows. Our result does not depend on the density of the network, i.e., how the average number of neighbors scales with respect to the total number of nodes.
The reversal of the myosin and actomyosin ATPase reactions and the free energy of ATP binding to myosin.

Abstract Evidence is presented that both myosin and actomyosin in presence of Mg2+ and KCl catalyze an incorporation of 32Pi into ATP. The rate with actomyosin is about 1 500 the rate of ATP hydrolysis; the rate with myosin is less than 1 100 of that with actomyosin. With myosin, but not with actomyosin, an apparent initial “burst” of 32Pi incorporation into ATP is observed. Actin binding thus promotes ATP dissociation. The data with myosin allow estimation of both the amount of enzyme-bound [32P]-ATP present and the rate constant, k−1, for dissociation of the myosin· ATP. From these results and other data a −ΔGo for ATP binding to myosin of 12–13 kcal/mole may be estimated, with a much lower −ΔGo for hydrolysis of enzyme-bound ATP. Protein conformational change accompanying ATP binding appears to be the principal means of capture of energy from the overall reaction of ATP cleavage.
Nonequilibrium quasiparticle distributions from superconducting tunneling measurements.

We have measured the I-V characteristics of superconducting tin tunnel junctions driven from thermal equilibrium by optical photons and by near-ambient phonons from a resistive heater. Both measurements were done on the same junction so that the phonon escape rates were identical in both experiments. We have also calculated the I-V curve from the linearized kinetic equations as developed by Chang and Scalapino. We find good agreement between the measurements and the calculations for the optical case but poor agreement for the heater phonons. The calculation overestimates the contribution to the tunneling current from quasiparticles produced by phonons injected just above the energy gap, 2..delta... A possible qualitative explanation for this discrepancy is discussed.
Telemetered electromyography of flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis in Pan troglodytes and implications for interpretation of the O. H. 7 hand.

The importance of knuckle-walking in the locomotor repertoire of African apes raises the possibility that the long digital flexors may be specially adapted more to meet the demands of ground quadrupedalism than those of suspension. To investigate this possibility, the activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus were studied by means of telemetered electromyography in three chimpanzees. Results clearly indicate that the fasciculi of these muscles to digits bearing weight in knuckle-walking are not called upon to contract in quadrupedal postures or in slow and moderately fast quadrupedal locomotion except to help clear the fingers from the ground as the forelimb begins its recovery stroke. At the most rapid speeds, a slight to moderate level of activity sometimes occurs in the latter half of stance phase. The long digital flexors display maximum and sustained activity during suspension. It is concluded that any role for these muscles in maintenance of stability at the metacarpophalangeal joints during knuckle-walking must be predominantly passive. Prominent markings for insertions of these muscles in a fossil hand (such as O.H. 7) suggest use of the forelimb in suspensory climbing behaviors.
Syntheses and Structures of μ-Oxo-Bis[dichloroiron(III)]-Bis-[2,6-Diacetylpyridinedioximate(-1)]Iron(II) and Related Compounds

The syntheses and structures of four new compounds are described. Two of these compounds are the anhydrous and dihydrate chloride salts of the diamagnetic bis(2,6-diacetylpyridinedioxime)iron(II) cation, [Fe(DAPDH2)2]2+. In this complex cation the DAPDH2 ligand binds to the iron, as expected, through its three nitrogen atoms leaving the four oxime oxygen atoms protonated and uncoordinated. The third compound is (AsPh4)2[Fe2OCl6], a new salt of the well-known oxo-bridged diiron complex, [Fe2OCl6]2−. The synthesis of (AsPh4)2[Fe2OCl6] is a high yield, straightforward, one-step preparation starting with AsPh4Cl and ferrous chloride in methanol. In this synthesis Fe(II) is oxidized to Fe(III) by atmospheric O2. The fourth new compound is the novel and unexpected triiron complex [Fe(DAPDH)2Fe2OCl4]. This complex is derived from [Fe(DAPDH2)2)]2+ and [Fe2OCl6]2− by removing the H+ from each of two adjacent oxime oxygen atoms of the former and one Cl− from each of the Fe(III) ions of the latter. The resulting neu...
Effect of Hypoxic Stress–Activated Polo-like Kinase 3 on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing

PURPOSE. Hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions can generate oxidative stresses resulting in the suppression of cell proliferation and the delay of corneal epithelial wound healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanism involving the role of the stress-responsive Polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) in hypoxic stress–induced delay of corneal epithelial wound healing. METHODS. Plk3 activities were determined by immunochemistry and immunocomplex kinase assay approaches. Corneal epithelial wound healing was evaluated by a whole-eye organ culture model and by scratch-induced wound closure assay. Corneal epithelial layer was removed by using a corneal rustring-remover in wild-type and Plk3 / mice. Wound healing was analyzed using a confocal imaging system. Cell growth was measured by MTT assays. RESULTS. The effect of hypoxic stress on early stages of corneal epithelial wound healing was compared with other oxidative stresses, including UV, CoCl2, and H2O2 treatments. Hypoxic stress–induced delay of corneal epithelial wound healing was further evaluated in human corneal epithelial cells and in the corneas of wild-type and Plk3 knockout (Plk3 / ) mice. Hypoxic stress–induced Plk3 activation resulted in growth attenuation and delay of wound healing. Further evidence demonstrated that the increase in Plk3 activity in constitutively active Plk3-expressed cells significantly enhanced stress-induced delay of wound healing. In contrast, hypoxic stress–induced delay of wound healing was markedly diminished in the corneas of Plk3 deficient Plk3 / mice. CONCLUSIONS. These results provide for the first time important evidence that Plk3 plays a significant role in hypoxic stress– induced attenuation of cell growth and delay of corneal epithelial wound healing. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51: 5034 –5040) DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-5501
Left Flank Pain

An 18-year-old female presented to the emergency department with three days of worsening left flank pain. Past medical history included asymptomatic bacteriuria. She denied prior similar episodes or inciting events, and was currently being treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole by an urgent care center for a urinary tract infection, although she denied having any urinary symptoms. Upon evaluation, she was found to be in severe pain, refractory to multiple doses of opioids. Her examination revealed fever, mild tachycardia and tachypnea, and clear lungs, with significant tenderness to palpation on her left flank. Initial laboratory evaluation showed a leukocytosis and bacteriuria. A computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was ordered with intravenous contrast to rule out pyelonephritis and infected renal calculus. It revealed Figure 1, which shows an inflamed pulmonary sequestration in the posteromedial left lung base, with a surrounding pleural effusion. An independent arterial blood supply branching off of the descending thoracic aorta was later confirmed with angiography, shown in Figure 2, which further revealed infarction secondary to torsion. Figure 1 Computed tomography image of thorax with pulmonary sequestration present at left base. Figure 2 Angiography showing arterial blood supply to pulmonary sequestration with abrupt lack of flow due to torsion. A pulmonary sequestration is a congenital malformation of independent, nonfunctioning, pulmonary tissue that does not communicate with the tracheobronchial tree and often has its own independent systemic blood supply.1–4 Both the location and associated effusion in this image indicate an extralobular pulmonary sequestration, which is defined by the presence of its own pleura.1,2,5 Presentation can occur at various ages and can include recurrent pneumonia, hemoptysis and pain, and persistent or severe symptoms may indicate surgical resection.5,6
Arbitrarily complete Bell-state measurement using only linear optical elements

A complete Bell-state measurement is not possible using only linear-optic elements, and most schemes achieve a success rate of no more than 50%, distinguishing, for example, two of the four Bell states but returning degenerate results for the other two. It is shown here that the introduction of a pair of ancillary entangled photons improves the success rate to 75%. More generally, the addition of 2{sup N}-2 ancillary photons yields a linear-optic Bell-state measurement with a success rate of 1-1/2{sup N}.
Influence of targets and assessment region size on perceived conservation priorities

We used an existing conservation opportunity area (OA) data layer for four contiguous ecological subsections within the Ozark Highlands to quantitatively evaluate the influence of conservation targets and assessment region size on conservation priorities. OAs are natural and seminatural land-cover patches that are away from roads and away from patch edges. To evaluate the influence of targets, we assigned a priority score to each OA polygon for each of five different conservation targets, including land-cover patch size, landform representation, target vertebrate richness, target breeding bird richness, and target land cover. The top-scoring OAs for each target were added to an OA selection set for that target until 50% of the study area was chosen. These five OA selection sets were overlain to quantify overlap in priorities. Only 1.6% of the study area, or 2.1% of all OA polygons, was selected by all five targets. To evaluate the influence of assessment region size, we compared results of priority ranking of OAs relative to the entire study area against a merged set of priority rankings established separately relative to each of the four subsections within the study area. When high-priority OAs were added until 25% of the region was within the selection set for each of the five targets, the sets based on the whole study area versus each subsection evaluated separately overlapped from 45.4% to 81.9%. Thus, perceived priorities of conservation assessments are strongly influenced both by the targets that are evaluated and by the size of the assessment region.