cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracranial hypertension secondary to psychogenic polydipsia

Psychogenic polydipsia, in its most severe form, can lead to acute water intoxication by way of extreme hyponatremia. This results in cerebral edema, mental status deterioration and can lead to life threatening intracranial hypertension if not identified and treated urgently. However, this treatment rarely involves surgical intervention. Herein, we describe a 47-year-old man who presented to our emergency department who was found down with a decline in mental status and generalized tonic clonic seizures. He was comatose with glasgow coma score of 5. His exam was notable for sluggishly reactive pupils, absence of corneal reflexes, decorticate posturing, and globally increased tone and hyper-reflexia with upgoing toes bilaterally. Lab work revealed sodium of 107 mmol/L. CT scan of the head showed global cerebral edema with sulcal effacement. A ventriculostomy was placed with an opening pressure of 35-cm H 2 O, and cerebrospinal fluid was drained to maintain normal intracranial pressure. Fluid restriction and hypertonic saline were used to carefully correct the hyponatremia. The patient improved and at day five was neurologically intact. His history later revealed schizophrenia and a predilection for drinking greater than 8 L of diet cola daily.
Vaccination against smallpox—1806

“That vaccination should occasion contention, was a thing of course; but this has been carried to unexpected lengths; for both those who approve, and those who disapprove, have accused each other of murdering their patients. It must be owned indeed, that on this occasion, there was superadded to the general tendency of doctors to differ, a particular motive which rarely fails to …
Parametric Modeling of Localized Melanoma Prognosis and Outcome

This investigation explored the most suitable parametric model for melanoma prognosis and compared it with the Cox model. Cox–Snell residuals and survival function plots were applied to assess whether the generalized gamma (GG) model was the best-fit parametric model for the data. The GG model is a powerful alternative to the Cox model in prognostic modeling. The GG model offers an advantage of explicit and flexible individualized hazard functions over the Cox model and provides a clinically useful risk assessment over time to aid clinicians in formulating patient treatment, follow-up plans, and clinical trial design and analysis.
Statistical issues in functional genomics: temperature-dependent gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Statistical issues in functional genomics: temperature-dependent gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster
Globalized computing education: Europe and the United States

As computing makes the world a smaller place there will be an increase in the mobility of information technology workers and companies. The European Union has recognized the need for mobility and is instituting educational reforms to provide recognition of worker qualifications. Within computing there have been a number of model curricula proposed in Europe and in the United States. This analysis of these curriculum models and example computing programs finds that in computing worker mobility is also possible across the Atlantic.
Bacteremia associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Bacteremia after diagnostic cardiac catheterization is uncommon, but bacteremia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has not been studied prospectively. Unlike diagnostic cardiac catheterization, PTCA involves the use of an indwelling arterial sheath after completion of the procedure, which is connected to a pressurized heparin solution, both of which increase the risk of local infection and/or bacteremia. During a 16-week period, we prospectively evaluated patients undergoing 164 PTCA procedures in order to determine the frequency of bacteremia and the significance of fever in this patient population. Blood cultures were obtained from the femoral catheter at the conclusion of the procedure and again 30 min later from the indwelling arterial sheath. Temperature was recorded every 30 min for 2 h following PTCA, then every 4 h over the subsequent 36-hr period. Bacterial isolates were recovered from 23/286 blood cultures (8.0%), with Staphylococcus epidermidis the most common organism present (74%). Only one isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was considered to represent true bacteremia and corresponded with the only documented infectious complication. Fever, defined as ⩾101°F developed in four (2.4%) patients but was procedure related in only one case. The use of the ipsilateral femoral artery for repeat procedures was not associated with either positive blood cultures or difference in maximum temperature elevation. We conclude the overall risk of bacteremia after PTCA is low; therefore, antimicrobial prophylaxis is not warranted. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Breakdown in Zinc and Its Alloys as Seen in the de Haas-van Alphen Effect

The amplitude of the longest-period de Haas-van Alphen oscillation in zinc has been measured as a function of magnetic field strength and field direction in pure zinc and dilute alloys. The field dependence, which is anomalous at high fields, was fitted by the Lifshitz-Kosevich (LK) expression modified to include magnetic breakdown, using a correction factor due to Pippard. This expression fits the data well for field directions up to 70\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from [0001], and gives accurate values of the breakdown field parameter ${H}_{0}$. Values of ${H}_{0}$ obtained for pure zinc by this method range from 2.2 kG (H \ensuremath{\parallel} [0001]) to 10 kG (H 70\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from [0001]), with fields in either the ($10\overline{1}0$) or ($11\overline{2}0$) plane. These results are interpreted as evidence that the lattice band gap is essentially constant over the central third of the needle, the angular dependence of ${H}_{0}$ being due to the velocity term in Blount's expression for ${H}_{0}$. Values of the Dingle scattering temperature ($X=1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K in this sample) show no angular dependence; the scattering relaxation time is therefore isotropic on the needle. This result disagrees with previous measurements, but the conflict is shown to be due to the persistence of magnetic breakdown to very low fields, which invalidates the usual graphical procedure for evaluating $X$. In amplitude measurements on impure systems (0.14% Cu, 0.21% Cu, 0.11% Al, 0.008% Mn), magnetic breakdown is far less apparent than in pure Zn. High values of ${H}_{0}$ (g5 kG) result from a fit to the breakdown-corrected LK expression. Arguments about band-gap changes are unable to explain this result satisfactorily. The increase in ${H}_{0}$ correlates with the decrease in the measured scattering relaxation time. It is suggested that the Pippard breakdown correction, based on a coupled phase-coherent network of orbits, is not appropriate in the presence of strong impurity scattering. An alternative breakdown correction is derived, appropriate to the random-scattering limit, using a generalization of the Dingle scattering factor due to Brailsford and a breakdown-scattering probability suggested by Condon. It is shown that this results in a high-field amplitude qualitatively similar to that observed in the alloys, without changing the value of ${H}_{0}$ (obtained from pure zinc where the Pippard approach is valid). Further measurements and theoretical calculations are suggested.
Bronchial hyperreactivity is associated with enhanced grain dust-induced airflow obstruction

Bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is associated with the presence of airway inflammation in asthma and is seen in individuals occupationally exposed to grain dust. To better understand the relationsh...
Renal hemodynamic studies in patients with extensive paralysis: The influence of weight loss, muscle atrophy, and immobilization

Abstract Renal hemodynamic studies were undertaken in 17 patients with extensive paralysis, muscle atrophy, and weight loss following poliomyelitis. Some of these patients presented clinical problems such as hypertension, hyposthenuria, and lability of water and electrolyte balance which led us to suspect they might have impaired renal function. However, the observed renal hemodynamic values when corrected to their present surface area were within or even exceeded the normal range in many subjects. Since the surface area of these patients was reduced by as much as 10 to 20 per cent at the time of study, the observed data were recalculated using the pre-illness surface area. This revealed additional patients whose renal function was reduced but did not offer an explanation for the observed clinical problems in certain other patients. The possibility that immobilization with extensive hypercalciuria and, in some instances, hypercalcemia had led to renal tubular calcium deposits which altered renal function is considered as an additional contributing factor particularly in the patients with reduced responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone and hyposthenuria. These studies would suggest that altered renal function in some of these patients is first manifest by reduced ability to concentrate urine (hyposthenuria) and only in more severe cases by reduction in renal hemodynamic values and the presence of arterial hypertension.
A live-cell reporter that differentiates between quiescent and cycling cells (1148.14)

The transition of a proliferating cell into a state of cell quiescence is a key step in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. It is currently difficult to distinguish between quiescent cells and th...
Arteriovenous Pairing: a Determinant of Capillary Exchange

Venuloarteriolar signaling helps mediate microvascular function and dysfunction. Mediators produced at venular sites of inflammation appear to constrict arterioles and increase capillary permeability. In contrast, venules beneficially dilate arterioles to enhance capillary flow according to metabolic demand. These mechanisms are altered with cardiovascular risk factors, contributing to microvascular complications.
Wirelength optimization by optimal block orientation

Rectangular cells can be flipped in place along either horizontal or vertical axis without changing the area of a layout. During floorplanning, both the location and orientation of cells are determined. However, the complexity of the floorplanning process usually means that the wirelength is not minimum. This paper proposes a technique for wirelength minimization based on in-place flipping of cells that can be applied to any floorplan style consisting of rectangular blocks or sub-blocks. Instead of conventional search procedures, a Boolean symbolic approach is proposed to generate flip-optimal floorplans. Experimental results show that it can effectively reduce the wirelength of current state of the art approaches, at no cost in area and with modest runtimes.
Coping styles of adolescents experiencing multiple forms of discrimination and bullying: evidence from a sample of ethnically diverse urban youth

BACKGROUND: We used a latent class analysis (LCA) to characterize coping styles of urban youth and examined if coping styles moderated the association between experiencing discrimination and bullying and depressive symptoms. METHODS: The data come from the 2006 Boston Youth Survey, where students were asked to select 2 behaviors they do most often when they are upset, from a list of 15 options. A total of 927 (75%) students contributed to the LCA analytic sample (44% non-Hispanic Blacks, 29% Hispanics, and 58% girls). Relative and absolute fit indices determined the number of classes. An interaction term between types of discrimination and bullying experienced and coping style tested for moderation. RESULTS: The LCA revealed that a 3-class solution had the best fit (Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test, 4-class vs 3-class, p-value.12). The largest coping style class was characterized by high endorsement of distractive coping strategies (59%), the second class was characterized by using supportive coping strategies (27%), and the third class was characterized by using avoidance coping strategies (12%). We found a significant interaction between discrimination and coping style for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between experiencing discrimination and depression varied based on coping style and the type of discrimination and bullying experienced. Language: en
An Evaluation of Several Two-Summand Binary Adders

Five fairly representative members of the class of two-summand binary adders are described and evaluated. Hopefully, this will help the development of more general approaches to computer subsystems evaluation. The adders are evaluated on the basis of three quantities: the number of two-input AND gates and OR gates, G; the gate-normalized addition time, ?; and the number of bits, n, in each summand. Three plausible formulas for computational efficiency, ?, are postulated, and plotted vs n for the five adders. Based on a comparison of the resulting curves, the following efficiency formula seems preferable: ? = n/?log2G. Of the five adders considered, the new ``conditional-sum adder'' is best by the above formula when n? 3. Other adders, however, are shown to be superior when the assumptions underlying the evaluation of G and ? are changed. The evaluation is found to have several limitations; these are discussed. Curves of G and ? vs n are given. It is suggested that these curves can serve as raw data for other evaluations, so that various evaluation methods may be compared.
Lessons Learned From Psychotherapy Research

Background: In addictions treatment research, there has been a relative paucity of work on mechanisms of action that account for observed treatment effects. In studies that have been done, there is little evidence that the purported active ingredients of behavioral interventions such as cognitive-behavioral treatment or motivational interviewing actually mediate treatment effects. This suggests that new approaches are needed to study the process of change in behavioral treatments for addiction. Method: This article reviews several approaches that have been taken by psychotherapy researchers to identify mechanisms of change, including studies of critical sessions, change across sessions, and the relative importance of general vs. specific therapeutic factors. Results: These approaches all involve careful assessment of both therapist and patient behaviors during treatment sessions and study the relation of these factors to improvements or deteriorations in symptoms over the following weeks. Conclusions: Suggestions are offered for how these methods could be used in addiction treatment research to generate hypotheses regarding mechanisms of change that could subsequently be tested in controlled studies.
Piezo-electric control of stiffened panels subject to interactive buckling

The paper examines the feasibility of piezo-electric control of stiffened plates carrying axial compression and subject to interaction of local and overall buckling. A simple control strategy involving piezo-electric patches along the tips of the stiffeners carrying equal and opposite electric fields to resist bending of the stiffeners was found to effectively counteract the adverse effects of mode interaction and imperfection-sensitivity. For the dynamic problem, this strategy needed to be supplemented with patches attached to the surfaces of the plate in the middle of the panel to damp out local buckling oscillations. Two panels were considered, these being scaled replicas of each other. This enabled an examination of the scaling laws of response with practical applications in view. The results demonstrate that the structural performance of optimally designed stiffened structures can be enhanced with minimal energy consumption by appropriately designed piezo-electric patch configuration.
Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving: Neuroanatomical Specificity for Drug Users and Drug Stimuli

OBJECTIVE: Cocaine-related cues have been hypothesized to perpetuate drug abuse by inducing a craving response that prompts drug-seeking behavior. However, the mechanisms, underlying neuroanatomy, and specificity of this neuroanatomy are not yet fully understood. METHOD: To address these issues, experienced cocaine users (N=17) and comparison subjects (N=14) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing three separate films that portrayed 1 ) individuals smoking crack cocaine, 2) outdoor nature scenes, and 3) explicit sexual content. Candidate craving sites were identified as those that showed significant activation in the cocaine users when viewing the cocaine film. These sites were then required to show significantly greater activation when contrasted with comparison subjects viewing the cocaine film (population specificity) and cocaine users viewing the nature film (content specificity). RESULTS: Brain regions that satisfied these criteria were largely left lateralized and included the ...
Speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion

This paper provides the derivation of speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD), a diffusion method tailored to ultrasonic and radar imaging applications. SRAD is the edge-sensitive diffusion for speckled images, in the same way that conventional anisotropic diffusion is the edge-sensitive diffusion for images corrupted with additive noise. We first show that the Lee and Frost filters can be cast as partial differential equations, and then we derive SRAD by allowing edge-sensitive anisotropic diffusion within this context. Just as the Lee (1980, 1981, 1986) and Frost (1982) filters utilize the coefficient of variation in adaptive filtering, SRAD exploits the instantaneous coefficient of variation, which is shown to be a function of the local gradient magnitude and Laplacian operators. We validate the new algorithm using both synthetic and real linear scan ultrasonic imagery of the carotid artery. We also demonstrate the algorithm performance with real SAR data. The performance measures obtained by means of computer simulation of carotid artery images are compared with three existing speckle reduction schemes. In the presence of speckle noise, speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion excels over the traditional speckle removal filters and over the conventional anisotropic diffusion method in terms of mean preservation, variance reduction, and edge localization.
Maintenance of pregnancy in absence of dietary protein with progesterone.

SummaryLevels of progesterone, varying from one to 8 mg daily, were given to rats of the Long-Evans strain receiving a protein-free diet throughout the gestation period. Under the experimental conditions the level of progesterone required to maintain pregnancy in a majority of the animals closely approximated 4 mg daily.
Assimilation of moored velocity data in a model of coastal wind-driven circulation off Oregon: Multivariate capabilities

[1] Horizontal current measurements from an array of moored acoustic Doppler profilers are assimilated sequentially into a model of coastal wind-driven circulation off Oregon during the upwelling season of May–August 2001. Model results are compared against independent moored and ship survey data to document a positive effect of velocity data assimilation (DA) on other oceanic variables of interest such as the sea surface height (SSH), temperature, potential density, surface salinity, and near-bottom turbulence parameters. Significant improvement is achieved for the nearshore SSH even when data are assimilated from only two moorings at an alongshore distance of 50 km from the SSH verification site. At 45°N, in an area of simple shelf bathymetry with relatively small alongshore variations, the model (even without DA) provides a good description of the isopycnal structure on a cross-shore section. At 44.2°N, over complicated bathymetry, velocity DA may improve the slope of isopycnals but at the same time not necessarily the density values themselves. Data assimilation based on a time-invariant representation of the forecast error covariance may inhibit spatial variability on horizontal scales smaller than the assumed forecast error decorrelation scale. An experiment involving assimilation of both velocity and moored salinity measurements demonstrates that moored velocity DA improves transport of buoyant surface water. The level of improvement in the near-bottom turbulent dissipation and bottom stress found with the DA model indicates that it is suitable for future studies of spatial and temporal variability in the bottom boundary layer off Oregon.
Common Due-window Scheduling

In this paper, we solve common due-window scheduling problems within the just-in-time window concept, i.e., scheduling problems including both earliness and tardiness penalties. We assume that jobs share the same due window and incur no penalty as long as they are completed within the due window. We further assume that the earliness and tardiness penalty factors are constant and that the size of the window is a given parameter. For cases where the location of the due window is a decision variable, we provide a polynomial algorithm with complexity O(n * log (n)) to solve the problem. For cases where the location of the due window is a given parameter, we use dynamic programming with pseudopolynomial complexity to solve the problem.
Asymptotics and representation of cubic splines

Abstract : The local asymptotic behavior of a cubic spline interpolator (with equal bin size) and its derivatives is determined to the first order precisely in the interior as the bin size tends to zero. It is shown that this asymptotic behavior is independent of the boundary conditions usually made use of (in the case of spline interpolation on a finite interval). However, if the local behavior at the boundary or global asymptotic behavior is of interest, the type of boundary conditions assumed can determine what happens. Precise estimates of global asymptotic behavior are also derived. An explicit and simple representation is given for the cubic spline interpolator on the infinite line as well as the doubly cubic spline interpolator on the infinite plane.
Crystallization and initial crystallographic analysis of phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The enzyme phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM) catalyzes the conversion of mannose 6-phosphate to mannose 1-phosphate in the second step of the alginate biosynthetic pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMM/PGM has been crystallized by hanging-drop vapor diffusion in space group P212121. Crystals diffract to 1.75 A resolution on a synchrotron X-ray source under cryo-cooling conditions. PMM/PGM substituted with selenomethionine has been purified and crystallizes isomorphously with the native enzyme. Structure determination by MAD phasing is under way. Because of its role in alginate biosynthesis, PMM/PGM is a potential target for therapeutic inhibitors to combat P. aeruginosa infections.
High-Resolution Zero-Field NMR J-Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds

We report the acquisition and interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) J-spectra at zero magnetic field for a series of benzene derivatives, demonstrating the analytical capabilities of zero-field NMR. The zeroth-order spectral patterns do not overlap, which allows for straightforward determination of the spin interactions of substituent functional groups. Higher-order effects cause additional line splittings, revealing additional molecular information. We demonstrate resonance linewidths as narrow as 11 mHz, permitting resolution of minute frequency differences and precise determination of long-range J-couplings. The measurement of J-couplings with the high precision offered by zero-field NMR may allow further refinements in the determination of molecular structure and conformation.
A Semi-Supervised Word Alignment Algorithm with Partial Manual Alignments

We present a word alignment framework that can incorporate partial manual alignments. The core of the approach is a novel semi-supervised algorithm extending the widely used IBM Models with a constrained EM algorithm. The partial manual alignments can be obtained by human labelling or automatically by high-precision-low-recall heuristics. We demonstrate the usages of both methods by selecting alignment links from manually aligned corpus and apply links generated from bilingual dictionary on unlabelled data. For the first method, we conduct controlled experiments on Chinese-English and Arabic-English translation tasks to compare the quality of word alignment, and to measure effects of two different methods in selecting alignment links from manually aligned corpus. For the second method, we experimented with moderate-scale Chinese-English translation task. The experiment results show an average improvement of 0.33 BLEU point across 8 test sets.
Das Auge wählt mit: Bildberichterstattung über Angela Merkel

„Das Auge wahlt mit“, hies es wahrend des Bundestagswahlkampfes 2005 in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Sonntagszeitung, als diese wieder einmal Angela Merkels Aussehen diskutierte und sich erfreut uber die „Radikalkur der Kandidatin“ zeigte (Heine, 2005). Einmal abgesehen davon, dass die Zeitung damit abermals bestatigte, woruber sich Politikerinnen zu beklagen pflegen, dass namlich die Medien sich viel zu sehr fur ihre Kleidung und ihre Frisuren interessieren, wirft diese Feststellung ein Licht auf die hohe Relevanz des visuellen Eindrucks derjenigen, die gewahlt werden wollen. Diesen gilt es daher zu pflegen, wo immer die Politikerinnen und Politiker zu sehen sind. Wahrend diese aber die Bilder, die sie fur ihre Image–und Wahlkampfwerbung verwenden, selbst bestimmen und sich so ins beste Licht rucken konnen, obliegt die Entscheidung uber das Wann und Wie einer Aufnahme dem Fotografen und daruber, welches Foto die Medien publizieren, den Redaktionen.
Status of the provoker, opportunity to retaliate, and interest in video violence

Two hypotheses derived from affect-dependent stimulus arrangement theory [Zillmann D, Bryant J (1985): In: “Selective Exposure to Communication.” Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.] were tested: (1) provoked persons will express less interest in seeing video violence than will those not provoked, unless they anticipate an opportunity to retaliate against their provocateur; and (2) when provoked persons anticipate an opportunity to retaliate against a provocateur who is not high status, they will express greater interest in seeing video violence than will those not provoked. After being provoked or not provoked by a high or low status experimenter, half the 160 male college student participants were led to believe that their evaluation of the experimenter would determine the experimenter's grade for conducting the research, and half were not given any reason to expect an opportunity to evaluate him. Then each man indicated his degree of interest in seeing each of twelve video selections that had been described in brief paragraphs, three each in four content categories: aggressive, humorous, mildly erotic, and neutral. In confirmation of the first hypothesis, provoked subjects who did not anticipate opportunity to retaliate expressed less interest in seeing aggressive material than did those not provoked. In relationship to the second hypothesis, provoked subjects showed the greatest interest in aggressive video material when they anticipated an opportunity to retaliate against a low status provocateur, but their interest was not greater than corresponding nonangered subjects. The effect of provocation upon interest in the other categories of video material was generally in line with what would be predicted from the theory. When there was no anticipated opportunity to retaliate, interest in humorous material was greater in provoked subjects than in those not provoked. In the case of the mildly erotic category of video selections, there was less interest expressed among provoked subjects when they anticipated having a chance to retaliate against a low status experimenter.
Comparison of continuous-flow and pulsatile-flow left ventricular assist devices: is there an advantage to pulsatility?

Background: Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CFVAD) are currently the most widely used type of mechanical circulatory support as bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy for end-stage congestive heart failure (HF). Compared to the first generation pulsatile-flow left ventricular assist devices (PFVADs), CFVADs have demonstrated improved reliability and durability. However, CFVADs have also been associated with certain complications thought to be linked with decreased arterial pulsatility. Previous studies comparing CFVADs and PFVADs have presented conflicting results. It is important to understand the outcome differences between CFVAD and PFVAD in order to further advance the current VAD technology. Methods: In this review, we compared the outcomes of CFVADs and PFVADs and examined the need for arterial pulsatility for the future generation of mechanical circulatory support. Results: CVADs offer advantages of smaller size, increased reliability and durability, and subsequent improvements in survival. However, with the increasing duration of long-term support, it appears that CFVADs may have specific complications and a lower rate of left ventricular recovery associated with diminished pulsatility, increased pressure gradients on the aortic valve and decreased compliance in smaller arterial vessels. PFVAD support or pulsatility control algorithms in CFVADs could be beneficial and potentially necessary for long term support. Conclusions: Given the relative advantages and disadvantages of CFVADs and PFVADs, the ultimate solution may lie in incorporating pulsatility into current and emerging CFVADs whilst retaining their existing benefits. Future studies examining physiologic responses, end-organ function and LV remodeling at varying degrees of pulsatility and device support levels are needed.
Substructuring and Conditioning

In the numerical solution of any mathematical problem, the question of accuracy always arises. When a large system of equations is solved, no exact solution is usually available for making comparisons. Although various tests can be performed on the computed solution, these tests represent necessary rather than sufficient conditions. Thus, a computed solution can satisfy all the necessary conditions but be severely inaccurate. A problem that yields this type of solution is called ill-conditioned. Substructuring is a popular technique for solving certain types of structural problems. It has been suggested that by the judicious choice of substructures some conditioning problems might be alleviated. A numerical investigation was performed to evaluate this suggestion. The results indicate that substructuring does not significantly influence the solution accuracy of ill-conditioned systems.
Measuring Symmetry in Children With Unrepaired Cleft Lip: Defining a Standard for the Three-Dimensional Midfacial Reference Plane.

Objective: Quantitative measures of facial form to evaluate treatment outcomes for cleft lip (CL) are currently limited. Computer-based analysis of three-dimensional (3D) images provides an opportunity for efficient and objective analysis. The purpose of this study was to define a computer-based standard of identifying the 3D midfacial reference plane of the face in children with unrepaired cleft lip for measurement of facial symmetry. Participants: The 3D images of 50 subjects (35 with unilateral CL, 10 with bilateral CL, five controls) were included in this study. Interventions: Five methods of defining a midfacial plane were applied to each image, including two human-based (Direct Placement, Manual Landmark) and three computer-based (Mirror, Deformation, Learning) methods. Main Outcome Measure: Six blinded raters (three cleft surgeons, two craniofacial pediatricians, and one craniofacial researcher) independently ranked and rated the accuracy of the defined planes. Results: Among computer-based me...
Basel III in Chile: Advantages, Disadvantages and Challenges for Implementing the New Bank Capital

La version espanola de este articulo se puede encontrar en: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2609031Even though a growing number of emerging countries are implementing the Basel III recommendations on bank capital, this is not yet the case in Chile, a financially sound economy that has not undergone a banking crisis since the 1980s. This paper analyzes the relevance, advantages and challenges that the Chilean financial system would face if the new international standard were implemented. One conclusion is that there are two substantial reasons to implement Basel III: (a) the need to avoid major regulatory discrepancies between domestic and foreign banks, considering that the parent companies of European banks operating in Chile are already implementing Basel III, and (b) the need for tools, such as the Basel III countercyclical capital buffer, to prevent credit booms.A second conclusion, based on simulation exercises, is that if Basel III were implemented, Chilean banks at an aggregate level would comply with the Basel III recommendations regarding total capital ratios, but would have a moderate capital deficit to comply with the Tier I Capital Ratio (which includes only higher quality capital). This leads to the recommendation for a more detailed analysis at the level of individual banks. A third conclusion is the need for gradual implementation of the new standard, in the current context of a less favorable international environment affecting Chile and other emerging countries in the short and medium term.Finally, further analysis is recommended to determine which Basel III recommendations should be adapted (rather than adopted) to the Chilean context. One example is that it would not be appropriate to use the reference indicator suggested by Basel III (deviations of the credit/GDP ratio from its trend) in order to activate (or deactivate) the countercyclical capital buffer since it could lead to an increased pro-cyclicality of capital requirements — precisely the opposite of what Basel III intends.
Selectivity and Mass Transfer Limitations in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis at High Concentrations and Increased Operating Pressures.

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising source of renewable energy when hypersaline brines and other high concentration solutions are used. However, membrane performance under conditions suitable for these solutions is poorly understood. In this work, we use a new method to characterize membranes under a variety of pressures and concentrations, including hydraulic pressures up to 48.3 bar and concentrations of up to 3 M NaCl. We find membrane selectivity decreases as the draw solution concentration is increased, with the salt permeability coefficient increasing by a factor of 2 when the draw concentration is changed from 0.6 to 3 M NaCl, even when the applied hydraulic pressure is maintained constant. Additionally, we find that significant pumping energy is required to overcome frictional pressure losses in the spacer-filled feed channel and achieve suitable mass transfer on the feed side of the membrane, especially at high operating pressures. For a meter-long module operating at 41 bar, we estima...
On Type-directed Generation of Lambda Terms

We describe a Prolog-based combined lambda term generator and type-inferrer for closed well-typed terms of a given size, in de Bruijn notation. By taking advantage of Prolog’s unique bidirectional execution model and sound unification algorithm, our generator can build “customized” closed terms of a given type. This relational view of terms and their types enables the discovery of interesting patterns about frequently used type expressions occurring in well-typed functional programs. Our study uncovers the most “popular” types that govern function applications among a about a million small-sized lambda terms and hints toward practical uses to combinatorial software testing. It also shows the effectiveness of Prolog as a meta-language for modeling properties of lambda terms and their types.
대수술시 목표농도조절주입법의 Propofol과 전신마취의 비용-효과의 비교

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of propofol using a target-controlled infusion (TCI) with two currently used anesthetic regimens during major operations. Methods: Forty-two patients undergoing major gynecological smgery were divided into three groups according to the period during which the surgeries were performed. Group propofol/TCI (n = 16) received 1% propofol using TCI-50% N20, Group isoflurane (n = 14) received thiopental 5 mg/kg-isoflurane-50% N20, and Group enflurane (n = 12) received thiopental 5 mg/kg-enflurane-50% N20. All patients also received 2 ㎍/kg of fentanyl before induction. Concentrations of propofol and volatile anesthetics were varied according to the patients hemodynamic responses. Consumption of volatile anesthetics was measured by weighing the vaporizers by a ptecision weighing machine. Results: Biometric data, duration of surgery and of anesthesia were similar in the three groups. Recovery from anesthesia was significantly shorter in the propofol/TCI group. Episodes of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the recovery room were less common in propofol/TCI group. Patient satisfaction was similar in all three groups. Total (intra- and postoperative) costs were significantly higher in the propofol/TCI group. Conclusions: When compared with the standard anesthetic regimens, the use of propofol using TCI anesthesia during major operations was associated with higher costs, but did not offer any clinically significant advantages in cost-effectiveness over the standard anesthesia regimens.
Statistics and Analysis of Secondary Load in Instrument Transformer

Power system of State Grid continuously happened several of 220-500 kV instrument transformer damage accidents,and caused serious influence to safe operation of power grids. In response to these accident, State Grid launched secondary load investigation of instrument transformer,involving 18 220 kV to 500 kV substation of nine power companies of provinces and municipalities. Through field measurement,statistical analysis showed that the vast majority secondary practical burden of instrument transformer lower than 25% rated burden, and does not meet the relevant technical regulations. This paper discussed secondary rated capacity designed a oversize value,it seriously affected the transformer metering,measurement,protection performance and lead to increase of transformer size,weight and cost,does not meet the requirements of environmental protection and green power,but also resulted in deterioration of transformer integrated features,including electrical and mechanical performance. Finally,this paper put forward design principle to reduce the secondary load and reduce secondary windings,and suggested that the relevant standards and norms of instrument transformer should carrying out revision and research.
Non-Clinical Roles of Army Family Physicians in Their First Post-Residency Assignment and Their Level of Preparedness for These Roles

A cross-sectional survey of the 1992 and 1993 graduates from Army Family Practice Residencies was done to determine their non-clinical roles and their perceived level of preparedness for these roles. Sixty-nine of the 98 questionnaires mailed (70%) were returned. The non-clinical roles were divided into command, administrative, committee (subdivided into hospital level and department/clinic level), and duties outside of the hospital (subdivided into military and administrative). Twenty-nine (42%) had commands, 58 (84%) had administrative roles, 48 (70%) had hospital committee roles, 53 (77%) had department/clinic committee roles, 54 (78%) had military roles, and 42 (61%) had administrative roles outside of the hospital or clinic. The self-reported level of preparedness, on a five point Likert scale (1 = not at all, 3 = adequately, 5 = superbly), ranged from 2.2 for command to 2.9 for administrative roles outside the hospital. Residents did not feel adequately prepared for their non-clinical roles.
Feed intake, digestibility, and live weight gain by cattle consuming forage supplemented with rice bran and(or) corn.

Effects of supplementing cattle consuming forage with rice bran and(or) corn on feed intake, digestibility, and live weight gain were determined. Holstein steer calves (176 +/- 4.3 kg average trial BW), in two simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin squares, had ad libitum access to bermudagrass or ryegrass-wheat hay without supplementation (Control) or with (DM basis) .5% of BW of ground corn (C), .64% of BW of rice bran (R), or .25% of BW of corn plus .32% of BW of rice bran (CR). Total OM intake with bermudagrass diets was less for R than for C, but values for R and C were not different with ryegrass-wheat (forage source x supplement type interaction; P < .05). An interaction (P < .06) between supplement type and forage source also occurred in digestible OM intake (3.33, 3.66, 2.93, 3.37, 3.77, 4.04, 3.73, and 3.94 kg/d for Control, C, R, and CR with bermudagrass and ryegrass-wheat, respectively). Mature beef cows (504 +/- 25.5 kg BW), in a 6 x 6 Latin square, were limit-fed ryegrass-wheat and alfalfa hay (3:1; air-dry basis) without supplementation (Control) or with (DM basis) .2 or .4% of BW of ground corn (L-C and H-C), .26 or .52% of BW of rice bran (L-R and H-R), or .2% of BW of corn plus .26% of BW of rice bran (H-CR). Duodenal flows of total (125, 122, 123, 137, 136, and 129 g/d) and microbial N (63.3, 64.7, 64.8, 70.3, 73.1, and 65.1 g/d for Control, L-C, H-C, H-R, and H-CR, respectively) were greater (P < .05 and .06, respectively) for rice bran than for corn supplements. Crossbred beef steers (96; 235 +/- 3.2 kg initial BW) of two frame sizes, with half treated with an estrogenic growth promotant, grazed fescue-clover and received Control, L-C, H-C, L-R, H-R, and H-CR supplements for 84 d. Supplement amounts were 50% greater relative to BW than in the preceding experiment. Overall ADG was increased (P < .05) by supplementation and was affected (P < .05) by a supplement type x level interaction (.71, .76, .97, .85, .76, and .94 kg/d for Control, L-C, H-C, L-R, H-R, and H-CR, respectively). Neither frame size nor growth implant modified effects of supplement treatments on ADG.
Large displacement behavior of double parallelogram flexure mechanisms with underconstraint eliminators

Abstract This paper presents a new analytical method for predicting the large displacement behavior of flexural double parallelogram (DP) bearings with underconstraint eliminator (UE) linkages. This closed-form perturbative Euler analysis method is able to – for the first time – directly incorporate the elastomechanics of a discrete UE linkage, which is a hybrid flexure element that is linked to ground as well as both stages on the bearing. The models are used to understand a nested linkage UE design, however the method is extensible to other UE linkages. Design rules and figures-of-merit are extracted from the analysis models, which provide powerful tools for accelerating the design process. The models, rules and figures-of-merit enable the rapid design of a UE for a desired large displacement behavior, as well as providing a means for determining the limits of UE and DP structures. This will aid in the adoption of UE linkages into DP bearings for precision mechanisms. Models are generated for a nested linkage UE design, and the performance of this DP with UE structure is compared to a DP-only bearing. The perturbative Euler analysis is shown to match existing theories for DP-only bearings with distributed compliance within ≈2%, and Finite Element Analysis for the DP with UE bearings within an average 10%.
Impunity, National Justice and Foreign Courts

Truth and reconciliation commissions cannot act as substitutes for the courts, which alone have jurisdiction to establish individual criminal responsibility, assess guilt and, as appropriate, pass a sentence. Cherif Bassiouni, the former UN chief investigator in ex-Yugoslavia, said ‘There cannot be peace without justice. When people feel aggrieved, they cannot reconcile’.1 The Joinet report recalled the primacy, in principle, of national justice, subject to some conditions: It shall remain the rule that national courts normally have jurisdiction, particularly when the offence as defined in domestic law does not fall within the terms of the international court. International criminal courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction where national courts cannot yet offer satisfactory guarantees of independence and impartiality, or are physically unable to function.2
Referenzprozessmodell zur virtuellen Absicherung der Produktionsplanung

Innerhalb dieses Kapitels wird das entwickelte Referenzprozessmodell fur die virtuelle Absicherung der Produktionsplanung vorgestellt, welches die ganzheitliche Absicherung von geometrischen CAD-Daten vorsieht. Dabei ist der grundlegende Begriff Fabrik-DMU sowohl als Bezeichnung fur die Datenzusammenstellung, als auch fur die damit verfolgte Methode zur Absicherung zu sehen. Das Kapitel untergliedert sich in drei Abschnitte. Der erste Teil behandelt die methodischen Grundlagen des Prozessmodells, wobei konkret auf die Einordnung in die Unternehmensprozesse eingegangen wird und Strukturelemente des Modells erlautert werden.
Independence and Product-Propagation Rules

Both the game models and the heuristic information introduced in the previous chapters are purely theoretical. Although estimates of the strength of nodes, given a piece of heuristic information, exist and have the monotone property (Theorem 7.1), no practical process of finding such estimates can be generally derived for all game models. Since these estimates have been formulated into mathematical terms, developing any practical process of determining them becomes a mathematical problem. Hence an actual process can only be created for each particular case.
The Rationalizing Voter: The John Q. Public Model of Political Information Processing

In this chapter we set forth our theory of the architecture and mechanisms that determine when, how, and why unconscious thoughts, feelings, and goals come to mind to guide downstream political behavior. We take a constructionist approach whereby the content of one's thoughts, the coloration of feelings, the plausibility of goals, and the force of behavioral dispositions change moment-by-moment in response to “priming” events that spontaneously link changes in the environment to changes in beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. Far from the consciously directed decision-making assumed by conventional models, we see political behavior as the result of innumerable unnoticed forces, with conscious deliberation little more than a rationalization of the outputs of automatic affective and cognitive processing. The Architecture of Memory How we picture the world – our mental representation of self, other, and what is out there – is “the residue of a lifetime of observation, thought, and experience,” both conscious and unconscious (Carlston, 2010: 38). A cornerstone of any model of political reasoning then is the citizen's preexisting knowledge and predilections. These long-term factors, functionally speaking, require a long-term memory (LTM) for storing facts, beliefs, images, feelings, habits, and behavioral predispositions, plus a mechanism for “moving” such conceptual objects as leaders, groups, events, and issues from LTM into working memory (WM) where they can be attended to (Barsalou, 1992; Rumelhart and Ortony, 1977; Sanford, 1987; Simon, 1969). Conscious attention is very limited, hence the need for heuristics, habits, and other simplifying mechanisms for thinking, reasoning, and doing (Cialdini, 2001; Lau and Redlawsk, 2006; Lupia, McCubbins, and Popkin, 2000; Kuklinski and Quirk, 2000). The important point is that those concepts and their connections processed in working memory are strengthened and the resulting representation modifies the linkages in LTM.
Mediated modernities: (Meta)narratives of modern nationhood in Indian and Pakistani media, 1947–2007

This article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding modernity as lying at the intersection of two dimensions: (1) the narrative of modernity as interpreted variously in particular natio...