cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Conduct of the Presidency from George Washington to Andrew Jackson

The sketchiness of the account of the job of the chief executive in the Constitution, made the early American presidency resemble a Rorschach ink blot onto which individual incumbents projected their personal proclivities. This paper examines the conduct of the presidency of the seven presidents from George Washington to Andrew Jackson, exploring their highly diverse leadership styles and comparing their strengths and weaknesses in the realms of public communication, organizational capacity, political skill, policy vision, cognitive style, and emotional intelligence. It concludes with remarks on the presidency and American political development.
Toward Transpersonal Adult Development

As a foundation for discussing transpersonal adult development, the author traces her trajectory, involvement in, and contribution to the modern transpersonal movement and her introduction of it to the adult learning literature, beginning during the early 1980s. Highlighted are the transpersonal domain and a differentiation between transpersonal development that may be methodically pursued (consciously raised) and spontaneous occurrences that may leave one bewildered. Beyond the individual, transpersonal development also applies to relationships, organizations, communities, and the cosmos. Moreover, one’s individual transpersonal development can influence the collective and vice versa. Considerations for adult learning are offered.
Separation Anxiety: A Review Essay on Noah Feldman's 'Divided By God'

This article is a review essay on Noah Feldman's 2005 book, Divided by God: America's Church-State Problem, and What We Should Do About It. Divided by God is mostly a history. But it is a history with a trajectory, leading to Feldman's view of the current standoff and his proposal for reframing the American dispensation of church and state. The stand-off, as Feldman sees it, is not only between two legal positions, but two movements. On the one side are legal secularists, who insist on a strict separation between government and religion. On the other side are values evangelicals, who want to allow the government to finance the good work of religious institutions and to engage in more religious expression itself. Feldman's proposal is to give a bit to both sides - to tighten limits on the government's financial aid to religion, while loosening limits on non-coercive religious expression by government. As my essay details, I have doubts about both Feldman's diagnosis and his prescription. The formulation of his proposal strikes me as unclear in crucial ways, and in any event unlikely to produce the peace that Feldman believes it will. More fundamentally, Feldman pays too little attention to the religious undergirding of what he calls legal secularism, as well as the secular forces and sensibilities contributing to what he calls values evangelicalism. Ultimately, any path out of the current debate would require a more complete integration of these complicated cross-currents than Feldman provides. In important ways, Feldman is eminently reasonable, but maybe too reasonable to appreciate fully the radical, indeed theologically radical, meaning embedded in the Establishment Clause. Nevertheless, Feldman has written a lucid and intelligent book. Together with his earlier work, it is a vital contribution to the ongoing consideration of the role of religion in the contemporary nation-state.
An Ultrastructural Investigation of the Zoospore of Sapromyces Androgynus (Oomycetes, Leptomitales)

The fine structure of the zoospore of Sapromyces androgynus was analyzed to determine if its ultrastructural characteristics could be used to help elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within th...
Captopril: association with fetal death and pulmonary vascular changes in the rabbit.

AbstractCaptopril (D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-proline) has recently been approved for the treatment of refractory systemic hypertension. Administration of this agent has been shown experimentally to decrease circulating levels of angiotensin II and to increase levels of bradykinin and prostaglandins. In order to examine the effect on the pulmonary vasculature of the neonate, captopril was administered to rabbits from the middle of pregnancy to term, at doses comparable to those used in man. Fetal death in 20 treated rabbits was 86%, in contrast to 1% in 12 control rabbits. Some of the rabbits were made hypoxic in a hypobaric chamber (522 mm Hg pressure) during the period of captopril administration. Under these conditions, captopril administered to the maternal rabbits had a demonstrable cardiopulmonary effect in the neonates, as demonstrated by a significant reduction in pulmonary arteriolar medial thickness and both left and right ventricular weights compared to the hypoxic untreated controls. In ...
Nanoscale Transport Enables Active Self-Assembly of Millimeter-Scale Wires

Active self-assembly processes exploit an energy source to accelerate the movement of building blocks and intermediate structures and modify their interactions. A model system is the assembly of bi...
Contribution of elastic tissues to the mechanics and energetics of muscle function during movement

Muscle force production occurs within an environment of tissues that exhibit spring-like behavior, and this elasticity is a critical determinant of muscle performance during locomotion. Muscle force and power output both depend on the speed of contraction, as described by the isotonic force-velocity curve. By influencing the speed of contractile elements, elastic structures can have a profound effect on muscle force, power and work. In very rapid movements, elastic mechanisms can amplify muscle power by storing the work of muscle contraction slowly and releasing it rapidly. When energy must be dissipated rapidly, such as in landing from a jump, energy stored rapidly in elastic elements can be released more slowly to stretch muscle contractile elements, reducing the power input to muscle and possibly protecting it from damage. Elastic mechanisms identified so far rely primarily on in-series tendons, but many structures within muscles exhibit spring-like properties. Actomyosin cross-bridges, actin and myosin filaments, titin, and the connective tissue scaffolding of the extracellular matrix all have the potential to store and recover elastic energy during muscle contraction. The potential contribution of these elements can be assessed from their stiffness and estimates of the strain they undergo during muscle function. Such calculations provide boundaries for the possible roles these springs might play in locomotion, and may help to direct future studies of the uses of elastic elements in muscle.
Structure and Entanglement Factors on Dynamics of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles functionalized with long polymer chains at low graft density are interesting systems to study structure–dynamic relationships in polymer nanocomposites since they are shown to aggregate into strings in both solution and melts and also into spheres and branched aggregates in the presence of free polymer chains. This work investigates structure and entanglement effects in composites of polystyrene-grafted iron oxide nanoparticles by measuring particle relaxations using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Particles within highly ordered strings and aggregated systems experience a dynamically heterogeneous environment displaying hyperdiffusive relaxation commonly observed in jammed soft glassy systems. Furthermore, particle dynamics is diffusive for branched aggregated structures which could be caused by less penetration of long matrix chains into brushes. These results suggest that particle motion is dictated by the strong interactions of chains grafted at low density with the host matrix po...
Clinical Outcomes After Revision Meniscus Repair

Purpose To (1) report outcomes for patients who underwent revision meniscal repair and (2) define both clinical and surgical risk factors for recurrent failure. Methods The records of all patients who underwent revision meniscal repair between 1997 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical technique of primary and revision meniscus repair was detailed, and tears were characterized by type and location. Clinical examination and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner scores were used to determine outcomes after revision meniscus repair. Radiographs were reviewed and graded for degenerative changes. Risk factors for failure were analyzed. Results Thirty-four patients (24 male/10 female) with an average age of 22 ± 6 years (range, 14 to 38) were included in this study. Twelve lateral menisci and 22 medial meniscal repairs were revised at mean 25 ± 20 months (range, 2 to 76) after primary repair for 11 simple, 9 bucket-handle, and 14 complex tear patterns. Twenty-one tears occurred in the red-red zone and 13 in the red-white zone. At 72 ± 56–month follow-up (range, 2 to 17 years), 7 (21%) cases had documented failure of revision repairs and underwent subsequent partial meniscectomy. Mean Tegner score for all patients was 6.2 ± 1.5 (range, 3 to 9) and IKDC score was 84.8 ± 13.1 (range, 51.7 to 100) at final follow-up. Affected side joint space on radiographs remained stable from a baseline of 4.26 ± 0.88 mm to a final of 4.01 ± 0.84 mm. Multivariable regression identified younger patient age as an independent risk factor for failed revision meniscal repair ( P = .01). Conclusions In this study of select revision meniscus repairs, 79% of patients were pain free, without any mechanical symptoms or additional surgeries at a mean of 6 years after revision repair. Younger patients may be at higher risk of failure of the revision meniscus repair. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
On the Tasks of the Critical Educational Scholar/Activist

Over the past three decades I have been dealing with a number of “simple” questions. I have been deeply concerned about the relationship between culture and power; about the relationship among the economic, political, and cultural spheres (see Apple and Weis, 1983); about the multiple and contradictory dynamics of power and social movements that make education such a site of conflict and struggle; and about what all this means for educational work. In essence, I have been trying to answer a question that was put so clearly in the United States by radical educator George Counts (1932) when he asked, “Dare the School Build a New Social Order?”
The Theologies of Luther and Boehme in the Light of their Genesis Commentaries

Now that the tremendous influence of Jacob Boehme (1575–1624) upon natural philosophy and religious thought has come to be more fully appreciated, the question of Boehme's relation to Luther's theology has come once again to be the subject of a lively scholarly discussion. This study proposes to compare the position of Luther and Boehme on certain key theological concepts and propositions as they are denned in the Genesis commentaries of the two men. This limited and concrete study may shed light upon the larger question of the relation of their theologies as a whole and the nature of the dependence of Boehme on Luther as mediated by seventeenth-century orthodoxy.
Oral Prescription Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction

The International Consultation on Sexual Medicine defined erectile dysfunction (ED) as the consistent or recurrent inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual performance. A 3-month minimum duration is accepted for establishment of the diagnosis (Recommendations of the 1st International Consultation on Erectile Dysfunction Paris, France; Health Publications Ltd, 2010). The introduction of phosphodiesterase inhibitors has greatly changed the face of sexual medicine. Prior to this, sexual issues were shrouded in mystery and ignominy. Ancient cultures have all described sexual problems. Treatments in the form of herbs, spices, tonics, potions, mixtures, magic spells, and surgery have all been presented as remedies. Not until the past 30–40 years have we been able to understand and treat sexual issues commendably. That spirit continues today as we continue to investigate the finer points of erectile dysfunction management and turn our attention to address premature ejaculation, disorders of orgasm, hypogonadism, and female sexual dysfunction.
The Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) among Cancer Patients by Tumor Site: A Population-Based Study.

Abstract Active cancer is an independent VTE risk factor (overall 6- to 9-fold increased risk) and accounts for almost 20% of all VTE in the community, but which cancer patients are at risk for VTE is largely unknown. Reportedly, VTE risk varies by tumor site, and cancer of the ovary, pancreas, colon, stomach, lung, prostate, and kidney convey particularly high VTE risk. Objective : To estimate VTE risk by tumor site. Methods : We enumerated observed cancers by tumor site for Olmsted County, MN active cancer patients with incident VTE over the seven-year period, 1991–1997 (n=152). We used 1991–1997 State Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data for Iowa to estimate the expected age-specific prevalence of cancer by tumor site in Olmsted County. VTE risk ratios (RR) for each tumor site were estimated by dividing the observed number of cancers by the expected number (calculated as the product of the SEER prevalence and the number of incident VTE cases in the age stratum). Results : For our population of 1991–1997 VTE cases, all tumor sites had RR > 5.0 (range 5.2 to 37.3, all p-values 25). The high number of VTE cases with lymphoma was not due to catheter-related arm vein thrombosis. Liver, leukemia, other gastrointestinal (esophagus, small intestine, gallbladder, other biliary) and other gynecologic (primarily cervical) cancers had over twice the baseline risk (i.e., RR>17.0). On the other hand, the RR for many common cancers (breast, colorectal, ovary, lung, prostate) were essentially the same as the overall baseline risk (all had 9.5 Conclusions : In contrast to previous reports, pancreas, lymphoma, brain, liver, leukemia, other gastrointestinal, and other gynecologic cancers have the highest VTE risk. Prior estimates of VTE risk by tumor site may have been biased by studies of prevalent cancers among patients hospitalized in tertiary care centers.
Relationship Closeness and Self-reported Willingness to Falsely Take the Blame

One reason people falsely confess is to protect the true perpetrator. The current study examined whether relationship closeness influences people's self-reported willingness to falsely take the blame. Utilizing theoretical work from the prosocial area, three potential mediators were investigated. Participants (N = 131) were randomly assigned to think of either a close or a casual friend and then read one of two scenarios that described a minor offense committed by the friend. Participants' willingness to take the blame was assessed, as well as their perceptions of reciprocity, feelings of empathy, and distress concerns related to their relationship with the offending friend. Results showed that, in both scenarios, participants more often took the blame in the close friend condition than in the casual friend condition. Reciprocity and empathy each uniquely and independently mediated relationship closeness, whereas distress concerns did not. Differences in the two scenarios, which describe different offenses, are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local extinction of a rare plant pollinator in Southern Utah (USA) associated with invasion by Africanized honey bees

Twenty-five years ago, Arctomecon humilis, a pollinator-dependent, endangered poppy globally restricted to the extreme northeastern Mojave Desert in southwestern Utah, was pollinated by native bee species and the European honey bee. Follow-up studies beginning in 2012 failed to find the two most important native bee pollinator species, one of which, Perdita meconis, is a strict poppy specialist. We had four objectives: (1) confirm the status of formerly important native bee pollinators; (2) determine the role of the Africanized honey bee which reportedly invaded southern Utah in 2008; (3) examine the effect of the ostensible change in pollinator fauna on fruit set in four populations; (4) describe the pollination proficiency of species that presently visit poppy flowers. For the fourth consecutive survey, P. meconis was absent; its local extinction in Utah now seems certain. Another previously important native pollinator, Eucera quadricincta, was very rare. Also uncommon was the European honey bee, having been largely replaced by Africanized honey bees which have become, in most populations, the prevalent pollinator. Africanized bees forage early in the day and quickly strip flowers of their copious pollen leaving little for native bees. We argue that the invasion of southern Utah by Africanized bees is the most likely cause of the severe disruption of the A. humilis pollination system. The ascension of the Africanized bee is also associated with reduced fruit set in all poppy populations, especially those where plants are sparse. Arctomecon humilis now appears to depend mostly on an invasive species for pollination.
Ammonia oxidation kinetics on bimetallic clusters of platinum and iridium: A theoretical approach

Abstract Density functional theory was performed on Pt3-xIrx (x = 0–3) clusters to investigate the ammonia electro-oxidation reaction to nitrogen. The adsorption of N2H4-x (x = 0–3) and the effect of cluster composition on the adsorption were investigated in Gaussian 09. N and NH were found to be the most stable intermediates on these clusters, with a pronounced stability caused by the presence of iridium. On a Pt cluster, the ammonia oxidation mechanism involves hydrazine formation followed by hydrazine dehydrogenation to molecular nitrogen; however, on an Ir cluster, the ammonia undergoes successive dehydrogenation to form atomic nitrogen, followed by N N bond formation to N2. Moreover, rate of reaction constants, activation, and free energy calculations showed further evidence that production of N2 from its nitrogen atoms is sluggish and that the electro-catalyst may be considered as poisoned. Nonetheless, these calculations confirm that the onset potential for ammonia oxidation on iridium is lower than on platinum and this reaction starts at lower potential on Ir. In the presence of bimetallic catalysts, the iridium sites are more attractive for poisonous intermediates like NH and N, leaving platinum sites vacant for ammonia oxidation through hydrazine formation.
Telephone-Based Intervention to Improve Rehabilitation Engagement After Spinal Stenosis Surgery: A Prospective Lagged Controlled Trial.

Background:Spine surgery outcomes are variable. Patients who participate in and take responsibility for their recovery have improved health outcomes. Interventions to increase patient involvement in their care may improve health outcomes after a surgical procedure. We conducted a prospective interve
Immunotherapy in surgically resectable non-small cell lung cancer

Surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy for patients with resectable and operable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Surgery alone yields an unacceptably high rate of lung cancer recurrence. The addition of chemotherapy to surgery as adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment can improve survival rates by roughly 5% at 5 years. Recently, major advances in cancer immunotherapy have led to better outcomes for many patients with lung cancer. Monoclonal antibodies to programmed death 1 and its ligand are now approved for both first and second line treatment patients with metastatic lung cancer. In this review, we will outline the rationale and current research strategies investigating the role of immunotherapy in resectable NSCLC.
Vasa Vasorum Enhancement on Computerized Tomographic Angiography Correlates with Symptomatic Patients with 50% to 70% Carotid Artery Stenosis (P4.259)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the enhancement of the vasa vasorum (VV) overlying the carotid artery plaque with acute neurological symptoms in patients with 50% to 70% ICA stenosis. Background: Significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an established stroke risk factor. Recent evidence suggests that features within the atherosclerotic plaque also have prognostic value. Design/Methods: We conducted a 4-year retrospective computerized tomographic angiographic review to identify patients with 50% to 70% stenosis of the ICA. Three types of plaques were identified: enhancing VV, calcified, and nonenhancing-noncalcified. Medical records were reviewed for cardiovascular risk factors and neurological status, and imaging was reviewed for signs of a recent stroke. Results: We identified a total of 428 patients with 50% to 70% ICA stenosis: 103 (24.1%) had enhancing VV, 202 (47.2%) calcified, and 123 (28.7%) nonenhancing-noncalcified arteries; 97 were symptomatic and 331 asymptomatic. Thirty-three (34%) symptomatic subjects demonstrated enhancing VV, 42 (20%) had calcified arterial plaques, and 22 (17%) had nonenhancing-noncalcified arterial plaques. Fisher exact tests revealed that the proportion of symptomatic individuals with enhancing VV plaque was double that of the other groups combined (P=0.015; odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–3.16). Regression analyses confirmed this association as independent from other known cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: In patients with 50% to 70% ICA stenosis, VV enhancement recognized on computed tomographic angiography is strongly associated with acute neurological symptoms compared with calcified and nonenhancing-noncalcified arterial plaques. This finding may aid in the identification of patients at increased risk for ischemic stroke within populations with the same degree of stenosis. Disclosure: Dr. Pizzolato Umeton has nothing to disclose. Dr. Romero has nothing to disclose.
Sex Education and Transgender Youth: 'Trust Means Material by and for Queer and Trans People'.

The sex education made available to transgender youth has rarely been studied empirically. In this study, we sought to explore the sex education experiences of transgender young people and summaris...
An Autoethnography of Fuencarral 43: Women in Masculine Public Space

In An Autoethnography of Fuencarral 43, semiotic analysis and feminist urban geography critiques are balanced with the use of autoethnography and personal narrative to present a study of women in public space. Through a feminist lens, a small plaza in the heart of Madrid, Spain is presented as a case representing the inequalities women experience through both architecture and the spatial ideology of urban geography, as well as through social conditions such as advertising, violence, and the privatization of public space. In addition to personal narrative, journaling and field notes are used as data sources along with participant observation and interviewing.
Estimating Program Impacts

We talked about comparisons in the previous chapter and indicated that evaluation involves structured comparisons. Now the issue is really before us. This is the point where we get to the tough issues we mentioned regarding the need to measure outcomes on both sides of the comparison (participants and nonparticipants) and then contrast these outcomes. In the simplest and most ideal sense, impacts of a program are estimated by contrasting the outcome measures for a group of participants with those for a comparison group. Administrators need to make many decisions that involve comparisons and choices among alternatives. Throughout the book we have stressed that administrators need to make these decisions based on valid evaluation data, and that evaluation involves structured comparisons. In this chapter, we discuss various ways to structure comparisons and thereby be in a better position to estimate program impacts.
Health-Related Quality of Life

Traditionally, the primary end points in evaluations of medical therapies have included improvement in clinical outcomes, cure, and survival; however, the advent of the medical outcomes movement and the worldwide effort to contain the rising costs of care have underscored the importance of patient-centered outcomes, such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This trend is especially relevant for individuals with chronic, nonfatal conditions who live for many years after diagnosis. If survival time is long, even modest changes in HRQOL may have a profound impact on the patient. Hence, in many cases, HRQOL may be just as important as survival, and treatment choices at various points in the chronic disease trajectory must constantly balance the dual goals of optimizing both quantity and quality of life. In light of evidence that survival and clinical outcomes may be similar across treatments for many conditions, quality of life considerations may be the critical factor in medical decision making for some.
Decommissioning Cost Estimation

Removal and site clearance cost are estimated across each stage of decommissioning using empirical and hypothetical relations under current technology and market conditions. Preliminary development plans characterize the system and define the work requirements and serve as model input. Disposal cost is calculated on a per-ton basis and is estimated separately for each wind farm component. The model is parameterized with data from four proposed U.S. offshore wind farms (Cape Wind, Coastal Point, Bluewater Wind, Garden State) and decommissioning costs are found to range from 115,000 to 135,000 $/MW, approximately 3–4% of the estimated capital costs.
A PEPTIDE FRACTION IN LIVER

We reported in a preliminary communication (1) the isolation of a peptide fraction from guinea pig liver. The following points of interest appeared at once: many different amino acids were obtained on hydrolysis; the peptide fraction contained most of the indispensable amino acids, which indicated that it probably is important in protein metabolism; when guinea pig liver homogenate was incubated with C14-labeled glycine, leucine, or lysine, these were rapidly incorporated into this peptide fraction, which is further evidence that it is metabolically active; the peptide fraction had not been described hitherto; a fraction containing one or more large peptides can be separated from so complex a mixture as liver homogenate by starch chromatography.
The Use of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ESCA) for Studying Adsorbed Molecules

An ultrahigh vacuum X-ray photoelectron spectrometer has been used to study a number of cases of adsorption on tungsten single crystals. The choice of adsorbates spans a wide range from dissociative chemisorption to nondissociative chemisorption to physisorption.
Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities

This chapter addresses the experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities as they transition from childhood to adult life. We first provide a brief overview of intellectual disability, before describing issues related to adolescents with intellectual disability in the areas of health, mental health, socialization, education, and post-school engagement. We conclude by considering the experiences of an adolescent with intellectual disability in the context of the family. Throughout, we consider the transitions experienced by individuals with intellectual disabilities during adolescence—in some ways parallel to the experiences of their typical peers, and in some ways markedly different.
The Neuropsychological Basis of Skilled Movement in Man

There are many ways of investigating the neuropsychological basis of skilled movements—ablation, stimulation, electrophysiological recording (EEG and single cell), and neurochemistry. Although some stimulation and EEG (evoked potential and contingent negative variations) studies have been performed in man, much of what we know about the neuropsychology of skilled movement comes from the studies of patients with such disorders.
Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: what we can learn from sex chromosome aneuploidies

The study of sexual dimorphism in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is challenging due to the complex interplay of diverse biological, psychological, and social factors. Males are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit activity disorder. Conversely, after puberty, females are more prone to major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders compared to males. One major biological factor contributing to sex differences is the sex chromosomes. First, the X and Y chromosomes have unique and specific genetic effects as well as downstream gonadal effects. Second, males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. Thus, sex chromosome constitution also differs between the sexes. Due to this complexity, determining genetic and downstream biological influences on sexual dimorphism in humans is challenging. Sex chromosome aneuploidies, such as Turner syndrome (X0) and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), are common genetic conditions in humans. The study of individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies provides a promising framework for studying sexual dimorphism in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here we will review and contrast four syndromes caused by variation in the number of sex chromosomes: Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, XYY syndrome, and XXX syndrome. Overall we describe an increased rate of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, along with the increased rates of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders in one or more of these conditions. In addition to contributing unique insights about sexual dimorphism in neuropsychiatric disorders, awareness of the increased risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in sex chromosome aneuploidies can inform appropriate management of these common genetic disorders.
From Brain Disease to Brain Health: Primary Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders in a Health System Using an Electronic Medical Record-Based Approach.

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease and aging brain disorders are progressive, often fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Successful aging, modern lifestyles and behaviors have combined to result in an expected epidemic. Risks for these diseases include genetic, medical, and lifestyle factors; over 20 modifiable risks have been reported. OBJECTIVES We aim to primarily prevent Alzheimer's disease and related disorders through electronic medical record (EMR)-based screening, risk assessments, interventions, and surveillance. DESIGN We identified modifiable risks; developed human, systems and infrastructural resources; developed interventions; and targeted at-risk groups for the intervention. SETTING A Community Based Health System. PARTICIPANTS In year one (June 2015 to May 2016), 133 at-risk patients received brain health services with the goal of delaying or preventing Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. MEASUREMENTS We created mechanisms to identify patients at high risk of neurodegenerative disease; EMR-based structured clinical documentation support tools to evaluate risk factors and history; evidence-based interventions to modify risk; and the capacity for annual surveillance, pragmatic trials, and practice-based and genomic research using the EMR. RESULTS This paper describes our Center for Brain Health, our EMR tools, and our first year of healthy but at-risk patients. CONCLUSION We are translating research into primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders in our health system and aim to shift the paradigm in Neurology from brain disease to brain health.
Defining “Comparable”: An Analysis of Reduction in Force Provisions in Ohio School Districts:

Guided by Honig and Hatch's (2004) conceptualization of bridging and buffering, we undertook an analysis of reduction in force (RIF) provisions from 546 Ohio teacher collective bargaining agreement...
Development of Ergonomic Swimming Goggles Based on Benchmarking and 3D Facial Scan

Swimming goggles are important tools for professional swimmers, as well as the general public, to have clear visibility, fit, and wearing comfort under water; however, commercialized swimming goggles have been designed as one-size-fits-all, which may cause several issues to the wearers who have different facial dimensions; Typical issues include improper fit which causes water leakage, and sometimes exceeded pressure that might occur on the eyes. The present study is intended to design and validate ergonomic swimming goggles that are specially designed toward a wearer’s 3D facial shape. Before designing novel swimming goggles, 26 existing swimming goggles were investigated in terms of the design features of their lens, strap, and gasket. In addition, dimensions of lens, nose bridge, frame, and gasket were measured by using a caliper. To design the shape of a gasket, one male’s 3D facial scan data was constructed by using multiple mobile phone 2D images. The shape of the gasket is being designed based on the facial structure of the subject using computer aided design (CAD). Detailed design and validation results will be presented at the conference.
National culture, online medium type, and first impression bias

Relying on participants with full time work experience, this study investigates if the national culture of an individual, and the culture dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, in-group collectivism ...
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of Foreign Compounds

Foreign compounds that humans ingest or inhale can be classified into two categories, hydrophiles (soluble in water) and lipophiles (soluble in lipid medium), basing on their solubilities in water. Membrane lipid bilayers serve as physical barriers for xenobiotics transporting across cell membranes. Transport mechanism for hydrophilic compounds is distinctive from lipophilic substances. Xenobiotics are transported across cell membranes through mechanisms such as passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Metabolic pathways consist of activation metabolism and detoxification metabolism. Metabolites are transported to external cell compartments before excretion from the body by renal, hepatic and skin.
The role of population size in the determination and prediction of population forecast errors: An evaluation using conifidence intervals for subcounty areas

Producers of population forecasts acknowledge the uncertainty inherent in trying to predict the future and should warn about the likely error of their forecasts. Confidence intervals represent one way of quantifying population forecast error. Most of the work in this area relates to national forecasts; although, confidence intervals have been developed for state and county forecasts. A few studies have examined subcounty forecast error, however, they only measured point estimates of error. This paper describes a technique for making subcounty population forecasts and for generating confidence intervals around their forecast error. It also develops statistical equations for calculating point estimates and confidence intervals for areas with different population sizes. A non-linear, inverse relationship between population size and forecast accuracy was found and we demonstrate the ability to accurately predict average forecast error and confidence intervals based on this relationship.
Ezh2-mediated epigenetic modification is required for allogeneic T cell-induced lupus disease

The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have not been fully elucidated. Some of these mechanisms involve epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The histone methyltransferase Ezh2 contributes to epigenetic regulation of gene expression, is highly expressed in germinal center (GC) B cells and follicular T helper (TFH) cells, and may be involved in lupus pathogenesis. The murine bm12 model of lupus-like chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of negatively isolated allogeneic CD4+ T cells. Lupus-like disease development was monitored by ELISA determination of serum anti-dsDNA and anti-chromatin antibody titers. Immune cell activation and Ezh2 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Decreased autoantibody production and GC formation are observed when Ezh2-deficient CD4+ T cells are used instead of wild-type (WT) to induce cGVHD and when mice that receive allogeneic WT donor T cells to induce cGVHD are treated with GSK503, an Ezh2-specific inhibitor. In the bm12 cGVHD model, WT donor T cells are normally fully activated 1 week after infusion into an allogeneic host, exhibit a TFH cell (PD-1hi/CXCR5hi) phenotype with upregulated Ezh2, and activate B cells to form germinal centers (GCs). In contrast, Ezh2-deficient donor T cells generate fewer TFH cells that fail to activate B cells or promote GC formation. Despite similar T-independent, LPS-induced B cell responses, OVA-immunized CD4.Ezh2-KO mice had a skewed low-affinity IgM phenotype in comparison to similarly treated WT mice. In addition, early after OVA immunization, more CD4+ T cells from B6.CD4.Ezh2-KO mice had a CD44lo/CD62Llo phenotype, which suggests arrested or delayed activation, than CD4+ T cells from ovalbumin-immunized B6.WT mice. Ezh2 gene deletion or pharmacological Ezh2 inhibition suppresses autoantibody production and GC formation in bm12 lupus-like cGVHD and decreases affinity maturation and isotype switching in response to immunization with a T cell-dependent antigen. Ezh2 inhibition may be useful for the treatment of lupus and other autoimmune disorders.
Epistemic Slurs: A Novel Explicandum and Adequacy Constraint for Slur Theories

I argue that there are slurs that are distinctly derogatory insofar as they only derogate their target’s epistemic faculties or capacities qua group member. I call these slurs epistemic slurs. Given that slur theories should explain the derogatory nature of all slurs, any comprehensive slur theory should be able to explain the derogatory nature of the epistemic slurs. I argue, however, that two particular expressivist theories of slurs cannot explain their distinctive derogatory nature. The epistemic slurs thus constitute a novel explanatory problem for these expressivist slur theories. Yet I argue that a semantic theory of slurs, combinatorial externalism, can explain the distinctive derogatory nature of the epistemic slurs in which case these slurs constitute a novel explanatory advantage for combinatorial externalism. Whether the epistemic slurs constitute a novel explanatory problem or advantage for any other slur theories remains to be seen.
Abstract P246: Sex Differences In The Association Between Soluble Prorenin Receptor And Physiological And Cardiometabolic Risk Factors In Healthy Humans Varying In Age And Obesity

The prorenin receptor (PRR), which regulates renin-angiotensin system in multiple tissues, can be cleaved to generate soluble PRR (sPRR) in plasma. sPRR concentrations vary with clinical conditions...
Thermal conductivity of cryoprotective agents loaded with nanoparticles, with application to recovery of preserved tissues and organs from cryogenic storage

The objective of this study is to provide thermal conductivity data for CPA-based nanofluids for the benefit of the analyses of cryopreservation by vitrification. Thermal conductivity measurements were conducted using a hot-wire technique on an experimentation platform of the cryomacroscope, to correlate measurements with observed physical effects such as crystallization and fracturing. Tested materials in this study include the CPA cocktails M22, VS55, DP6, and DP6+sucrose. Nanofluids in this study include the above CPA cocktails as base solutions, when mixed with either iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONP) or silica-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles (sIONP). Results of this study demonstrated the addition of sIONP to any of the CPA cocktails tested did not significantly affect its thermal conductivity, its tendency to vitrify or, conversely, its tendency to form rewarming phase crystallization (RPC). Fractures were observed with cryomacroscopy at the onset of rewarming for DP6+sIONP under carefully controlled rewarming conditions without RF activation, despite the inherent opacity of the sIONP solutions. It is likely that using RF heating in order to accelerate rewarming while unifying the temperature distribution would prevent fracture and RPC. However, sIONP were not activated in this study, as the RF heating mechanism would interfere with thermal conductivity measurements. The addition of IONP to DP6 appears to hinder the tendency of the CPA to vitrify, which is a detrimental effect. But it is unlikely that uncoated nanoparticle solutions will be used in practical applications.
Hypothalamic estrogen receptor alpha mediates key side effects of tamoxifen therapy in mice

Abstract Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for invasive breast cancer improves patient survival. Unfortunately, long-term treatment comes with side effects that impact health and quality of life, including hot flashes, changes in bone density, and fatigue. Partly due to a lack of proven animal models, the tissues and cell types that mediate these negative side effects are largely unknown. Here we show that mice undergoing a 28-day course of tamoxifen treatment experience dysregulation of core and skin temperature, changes in bone density, and decreased physical activity, recapitulating key aspects of the human physiological response. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals that tamoxifen treatment induces significant and widespread gene expression changes in different cell types of the hypothalamus, most strongly in neurons and ependymal cells. These expression changes are dependent on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), as conditional knockout of ERα in the hypothalamus ablated or reversed tamoxifen-induced gene expression. Accordingly, ERα-deficient mice do not exhibit changes in thermal regulation, bone density, or movement in response to tamoxifen treatment. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the effects of tamoxifen on the hypothalamus and support a model in which hypothalamic ERα mediates several key side effects of tamoxifen therapy.
J-Term Perspectives

This chapter analyzes passages from interviews with four students commenting on their work co-authoring a traveling museum exhibit on Minnesota’s U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 in its sesquicentennial year (2012). Specifically, analysis concerns how students attempted to square demands for representational “balance” placed on them by their instructors and community with what their independent critical thinking was telling them. The chapter includes a brief history of the war in order to contextualize ways a situated white ideology handed down from the 1860s was creating racialized dilemmas for these students as they carried out their public history-writing project. Ultimately, the chapter reveals how white justice as fairness was not so easily taken up by students as they confronted regional “facts” designed to compel them away from framing their exhibit in terms of critical-social-justice education.
Lymph Node Colonization Alters the Systemic Immune Response to Enable Metastasis to Distant Tissues

For many solid malignancies, lymph node (LN) involvement represents a harbinger of distant metastatic disease and is the most important prognostic factor. Yet, LN metastases can harbor distinct tumor subclones from those within distant metastases, calling into question their role in distant metastasis. Here, we develop a syngeneic mouse model of LN metastasis to investigate how tumors spread to LNs and whether LN colonization influences metastasis to distant tissues. We show that a tumor-intrinsic interferon response program confers enhanced LN metastatic potential by upregulating MHC-I and PD-L1, enabling evasion of NK cells and promoting LN colonization. LN metastases resist T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, induce regulatory T cells (Tregs), and generate tumor-specific immunosuppression that subsequently facilitates colonization of distant tissues. These effects extend to human cancers as well as additional cancers in mice, implicating a conserved mechanism by which malignancies spread to distant sites through systemic suppression of anti-tumor immunity.
Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Maintenance.

The retina is a light-sensing ocular tissue that sends information to the brain to enable vision. The blood–retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to maintaining homeostasis in the retinal microenvironment by selectively regulating flux of molecules between systemic circulation and the retina. Maintaining such physiological balance is fundamental to visual function by facilitating the delivery of nutrients and oxygen and for protection from blood-borne toxins. The inner BRB (iBRB), composed mostly of inner retinal vasculature, controls substance exchange mainly via transportation processes between (paracellular) and through (transcellular) the retinal microvascular endothelium. Disruption of iBRB, characterized by retinal edema, is observed in many eye diseases and disturbs the physiological quiescence in the retina’s extracellular space, resulting in vision loss. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of iBRB formation, maintenance, and breakdown is pivotal to discovering potential targets to restore function to compromised physiological barriers. These unraveled targets can also inform potential drug delivery strategies across the BRB and the blood–brain barrier into retinas and brain tissues, respectively. This review summarizes mechanistic insights into the development and maintenance of iBRB in health and disease, with a specific focus on the Wnt signaling pathway and its regulatory role in both paracellular and transcellular transport across the retinal vascular endothelium.
Fundamental Feminism: Radical Feminist History for the Future (Second Edition): by Judith Grant, New York, Routledge, 2021, 290 pp., $160 (hardback); $49.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781138960466

A truly extraordinary thing in today’s “presentist” moment is a book that remains as urgent in its message as it was nearly three decades ago. As both Kathi Weeks and Cristina Beltran suggest in th...
On optical rotation and ellipticity transformation by axially excited slabs of dielectric thin‐film helicoidal bianisotropic mediums (TFHBMs)

The tilt angles and the ellipticities of transmitted and reflected plane waves are shown to be different from those of plane waves normally incident on slabs of dissipative dielectric thin-film helicoidal bianisotropic mediums (TFHBMs). These slabs can therefore function as transformers of vibration ellipses in optical circuits. The transformation properties can be engineered by proper selection of geometric parameters, and can be dynamically controlled by varying the concentration of appropriate fluids in the porous TFHBMs. The true circular dichroism and an apparent circular dichroism are shown to convey different types of information.