cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interjudge Reliability for Formal Aspects of Interviewee Communication

Summary.-The reliability among rwo Master's level clinical psychologists and rwo Master's level psychiatric social workers in judgment of frequency and location of 8 rypes of speech disruptions, periodic judgments of speech rate, and location of change In speech rate was determined from intecviewees' responses in four raped interv~ews. With the exception of the "ah type of disruption, reliability estimates were quite low. The utility of clinical observation of these nonverbal behaviors was questioned when reported by clinicians not specifically and extensively [rained for observation of these signs. A suggestion was made regarding the direction for development of training procedures. A number of nonverbal behaviors expressed in the auditory channel have been considered as communications of emotional states. The formal characteristics of speech of interest here are disruptions in speech fluency ("ah," intruding incoherent sounds, etc.) and rate of speech. These rwo types of vocal behavior appear to be independent (Tannenbaum, Williams, & Wood, 1967) correlates of anxiety (Kanfer, 1757; Panek Pr Martin, 1759; Boomer, 1963; Boomer & Dittman, 1962). Kasl and Mahl (1965), however, found anxiety to be associated with all non-"ah" disruptions but not with "ah" disruptions. For various reasons, indications of interjudge reliability of these behaviors (Mahl, 1956; Kasl & Mahl, 1965; Boomer, 1963; Siegman & Pope, 1965; Markel, 1965) are difficult to interpret. In studies reporting interjudge reliability for speech disruptions (Mahl, 1956; Kasl & Mahl, 1965; Boomer, 1963; Siegman & Pope, 1965), pretraining conditions were not clearly described and were probably quite variable. In addition, the reliability coefficients reported may be spuriously elevated for one or more of the following reasons: (1) Behaviors being recorded were often indicated on the typescript of uhe taped interview in which the vocal behavior occurred. (2) Reliability figures were reported for agreement in total frequencies of any of eight different disr~lptions over time intervals, obscuring very low or nonexistent reliabilities for some of the specific types of disruptions. (3) Since measures were based on frequency over time, the measilrement did not reflect interjudge agreement in location (time in taped intervi'ews when disruptions occurred). Boomer (1963) found lowered interjudge reliability figures when agreement in location was meas~ued. In one study measuring reliability of speech rate (Markel, 1965), short voice samples from many Ss were judged. Ic is unlikely, however, that the reliability figures obtained reflected speech rate as discrete from many individual difference cues. The purposes of the present study were to (a) provide inter
The Evil of Death: A Reply to Yi

In previous work we have presented a reply to the Lucretian Symmetry, which has it that it is rational to have symmetric attitudes toward prenatal and posthumous nonexistence. Our reply relies on Parfit-style thought-experiments. Here we reply to a critique of our approach by Huiyuhl Yi, which appears in this journal: Brueckner and Fischer on the evil of death. We argue that this critique fails to attend to the specific nature of the thought-experiments (and our associated argument). More specifically, the thought-experiments seek to elicit attitudes about (say) past pleasures per se, and not insofar as such pleasures are connected to more pleasures in the future or a greater total amount of pleasures in one’s life overall.
Use of chromosome microdissection, the polymerase chain reaction, and dot blot hybridization to analyze double minute chromosomes.

Abstract The potential usefulness of chromosome microdissertion, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and dot blot hybridization as a quick screening method for determining the genetic composition of double minute chromosomes (DMs) was evaluated. DMs or abrnomally banding regions (ABRs) were microdissected from from multidrug-resistant hamster cell lines and amplified with PCR using primers specific for the hamster multidrug-resistance (MDR) gene, pgp 1. The microdissected-PCR-amplified products were shown to (a) hybridize to a 32 P-labeled pCHP1 probe for the hamster MDR gene by using dot blot or Southern blot analysis and also (b) hybridize back to the chromosome region from which they were originally dissected by using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Microdissected/PCR-amplified DMs were also shown to hybridize to ABRs. When microdissected DMs and ABRs were amplified using hamster specific Alu primers, the resulting material was shown to hybridize with probes for hamster MDR and Alu . These results suggest that the DMs contained in these MDR hamster cell lines contain Alu -like sequences and the chromosome microdissection-PCR-hybridization approach might be used as a quick screening method for identifying genes amplified in DMs and ABRs in cell lines and human tumor samples.
Ca2+ transient evoked by chemical stimulation is enhanced by PGE2 in vagal sensory neurons: role of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.

The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on chemical stimulation-evoked calcium (Ca2+) transient was investigated in isolated vagal sensory neurons of the rat using fura-2-based ratiometric Ca2+ imagi...
Influence of altered lighting regimes on the periodicity of death feigning.

Abstract The extent to which the photoperiod influences diurnal fluctuation in death feigning was assessed in 181 week-old domestic chicks reared under one of three lighting regimes: 6L/18D, 18L/6D. Chicks subjected to simulated predation at one of eight clock hours exhibited significantly different diurnal patterns of death feigning as a function of lighting regime. Periodicity was uniformly suppressed by rearing in 6L/18D. The unnatural 6L/6D regime disrupted the typical unimodal diurnal function characteristic of chicks reared on 12L/12D and produced a bimodal function. The 18L/6D regime did not alter the general form of death feigning but delayed the occurrence of peak response by six hours. The results were discussed in terms of the hypothesis that the photoperiodic control of death feigning is indirect, mediated by competing activity associated with fasting-feeding which is under direct photoperiodic control.
Threats to generalization in the use of elicited, purloined, and contrived messages in human communication research

This paper discusses threats to valid generalization in the study of messages, focusing upon problems of external validity. Three classes of messages are examined and the special threats associated with each are described. Additionally, general problems which cut across these classes are indicated. It is suggested that replication of research efforts is the best procedure for exploring the limits of message generalization and that the discovery of such limits can be theoretically fruitful.
Racial Identity and Asian Americans: Support and Challenges

From the Thai American student coordinating an Asian American heritagecelebration to the Japanese American student who prefers to distance her-self from Asian American student groups to the South Asian student grap-pling with a newfound awareness of racism in his Asian American historycourse, the varied faces of “Asian American racial identity” clearly challengestudent affairs practitioners to recognize yet another level of heterogeneityin the Asian American student community. While various authors (Chun,1980
Fertility, development, and family planning.

Earlier studies by Tsui and Bogue (1978) and Mauldin and Berelson (1978) suggested that family planning efforts account for 3-4 times the variance in fertility than is explained by indicators of socioeconomic development. This paper replicates extends and revises these analyses. Selection of a different set of countries for sampling was found to have little effect on the earlier results. In addition neither factor scaling nor the addition of distributional variables had a substantial effect. However weighting countries by population size was found to produce a decline in explained variance. It was found that although family planning has a stronger direct effect on fertility than any other variable when countries are considered the effect of education is stronger when people are considered. When more developed countries were included in the analysis the combination of prior fertility and mortality explained almost all the variation in current fertility. This finding suggests that fertility is more responsive to longterm stabilized changes in mortality than to short-term changes. 4 methodological conclusions are derived from these analyses: 1) unless a sample of countries is overtly biased the selection of a sample on the basis of available data has little impact on the results; 2) stepwise methods can be utilized to avoid the inclusion of a large number of variables in a regression equation; 3) weighting of cases has a substantial impact on results; and 4) since most variables have little direct influence on fertility change analysis should be extended to examine indirect influences. These results suggest a policy which invests economic resources in education and mortality reduction as well as family planning efforts. Investments in primary and secondary education may reduce mortality as well as fertility.
EEG alpha asymmetry in musicians and non-musicians: A study of hemispheric specialization

Forty subjects, 10 male musicians, 10 female musicians, 10 male non-musicians and 10 female non-musicians, were presented with 2 min tape recorded segments of linguistic, atonal and musical stimuli. Bilateral EEG recordings were made and alpha asymmetry was computed for each type of stimulus for each subject. Musicians and non-musicians differed significantly (P < 0·005) only for the musical stimuli. Right hemispheric activation accompanied music among non-musicians but was absent for musicians. These data suggest that hemispheric specialization is related to perceptual processing and experience and not merely to the acoustic properties of stimuli. Additionally, no sex differences were observed.
Contemporary Debates on Terrorism

Intentionally provocative and at times unsettling, Richard Jackson and Samuel Justin Sinclair have assembled a select group of scholars to debate several of the most pressing questions concerning t...
Gene therapy to re-establish self-tolerance

Chen et al (page [886][1]) discuss a gene therapy approach for induction of tolerance. Tolerance is antigen-specific unresponsiveness with intact immunity to other third-party antigens. Tolerance may be achieved within the thymus by deletion (ie, apoptosis) of autoreactive clones. Because not all
Electron microscopic studies of internal gettering of nickel in silicon

The internal gettering of nickel in (100) silicon wafers implanted with 2.5 ⊠ 1015 argon-ions/cm2 at 280 keV has been studied by electron microscopy. Nickel deposited on the back surface is gettered by forming a discontinuous layer of nickel silicide, NiSi2, in the argon-implanted region near the front surface. Electron microdiffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy indicate that the layers of nickel silicide probably grow epitaxially on the undamaged silicon surrounding the silicide.
The U.S. tornado outbreak of 4–10 May

One of the most remarkable spells of tornadoes in the history of severe weather observation brought damage to a large part of the United States the week of 4–10 May 2003. Preliminary reports indicate that 384 tornadoes occurred in 25 states, causing 42 deaths with at least 23 tornadoes on each day Hardest hit were Missouri, where tornadoes occurred on 6 of the 7 days and 19 died; and Tennessee, where tornadoes occurred on 5 days and 11 died. In addition, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area was hit by strong and violent tornadoes on consecutive days with both events crossing damage paths of tornadoes from 1998 and 1999.
Bacillus subtilis trp Leader RNA RNase J1 ENDONUCLEASE CLEAVAGE SPECIFICITY AND PNPase PROCESSING

In the presence of ample tryptophan, transcription from the Bacillus subtilis trp operon promoter terminates to give a 140-nucleotide trp leader RNA. Turnover of trp leader RNA has been shown to depend on RNase J1 cleavage at a single-stranded, AU-rich region just upstream of the 3′ transcription terminator. The small size of trp leader RNA and its strong dependence on RNase J1 cleavage for decay make it a suitable substrate for analyzing the requirements for RNase J1 target site specificity. trp leader RNAs with nucleotide changes around the RNase J1 target site were more stable than wild-type trp leader RNA, showing that sequences on either side of the cleavage site contribute to RNase J1 recognition. An analysis of decay intermediates from these mutants suggested limited 3′-to-5′ exonuclease processing from the native 3′ end. trp leader RNAs were designed that contained wild-type or mutant RNase J1 targets elsewhere on the molecule. The presence of an additional RNase J1 cleavage site resulted in faster RNA decay, depending on its location. Addition of a 5′ tail containing 7 A residues caused destabilization of trp leader RNAs. Surprisingly, addition at the 5′ end of a strong stem loop structure that is known to stabilize other RNAs did not result in a longer trp leader RNA half-life, suggesting that the RNase J1 cleavage site may be accessed directly. In the course of these experiments, we found evidence that polynucleotide phosphorylase processivity was inhibited by a GCGGCCGC sequence.
In Liberia, the End of the Ebola Epidemic will be the Beginning

We were ready. When the vehicle arrived at the gate of the Monrovia Medical Unit (known as the MMU) in the late hours of the afternoon, we were already gathered in the donning area. A phone call from the Ministry of Health had alerted us to the new patient’s symptoms and background—fever, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea in a woman who lived and worked in a neighborhood thought to have a high transmission of the Ebola virus. We had been trained to move slowly, deliberately, and carefully in our preparation, and it took about 20 min before the first pair of nurses was fully dressed in their Personal Protective Equipment, including a gown, boots, two sets of gloves, mask, hood, apron, and face shield that would help protect them from the virus. In the hour before the patient’s arrival, we had moved more quickly, slipping in and out through zippered flaps in the olive-colored tents that make up the 25-bed Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) staffed by Officers of the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps in Margibi County, Liberia. The pharmacists gathered the IV fluids and medications that we would likely give. The safety team filled buckets with chlorinated water: 0.05% for skin and 0.5% for everything else. The laboratory team checked that they had the purple tube to collect the blood to test for the virus. When it was time, we lifted the bright orange fencing that separated the donning area from the high-risk area and moved slowly down the short hallway to the Suspect Ward. We washed our gloved hands in chlorinated water from a bucket outside the ward, and then stepped in. She looked sick. She had vomited in the ambulance on the way over. Her face was flushed and sweaty, and the whites of her eyes were injected with red. An Ebola survivor who worked with us had warned us about patients with red eyes—‘‘a bad sign, a bad sign,’’ he had said. The test results came the next morning. She had run a high fever throughout the night, and we were ready for the confirmation of our suspicions. But our Ebola patient did not have Ebola. Instead, she had malaria. In August and September, according to the World Health Organization, at the peak of the epidemic in Liberia, there were over 300 new confirmed Ebola cases per week. Since it began, over 8300 people had been infected, and over 3500 had died (1). Health care workers have been disproportionately affected, with over 800 infections and almost 500 deaths in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea (1). In response to this crisis, the MMU was set up with the mission of providing hope through care to health care workers and responders in Liberia who may be infected with Ebola Virus Disease. Since it opened on November 7, 2014 until the time of writing in mid-January, it has provided care for 36 health care workers, 17 of whom tested positive for Ebola. The MMU is one part of a large international effort to stop the epidemic. The results of this hard Published online: February 18, 2015
Gain and spontaneous emission characteristics of AlInN quantum well for deep ultraviolet emitters

The gain and spontaneous emission characteristics of AlInN quantum well were calculated and analyzed using 6-band k.p method, and the finding revealed the potential of employing AlInN alloy as active region for deep ultraviolet emitter.
Measuring continuity and discontinuity following stroke.

Purpose: To design and test a valid, reliable, and parsimonious instrument to measure continuity and discontinuity of self following stroke. Design: A 45-item scale with a 3-point response set was developed. The conceptual basis, “continuity and discontinuity in the experience of self,’ was derived from an existentialphenomenological study of stroke survivors. Study instruments included the Barthel Index (measure of functional abilities) and the pre- and poststroke QoL Cantril Ladder. Methods: The instruments were administered one time, in random order, to 55 stroke survivors in the United States in rehabilitation hospitals and in the community. Data were analyzed using a principal components factor analysis. Results: A 2-factor solution with 10 items per factor was derived. Cronbach's alpha for Factor 1 (discontinuity of self) was .874 and for Factor 2 (continuity of self) was .869. Continuity and discontinuity were inversely related; continuity was related to functional abilities, but discontinuity was not. Conclusions: Use of this instrument validated findings from a qualitative study, which showed that life following stroke was a paradoxical sense of both continuity and discontinuity in the experience of self. This instrument can be used to measure the effectiveness of nursing interventions aimed at increasing stroke survivors' sense of continuity.
Challenges in Clinical Design of Immunotherapy Trials for Malignant Glioma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. The traditional treatments for GBM, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, only modestly improve patient survival. Therefore, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality. Immunotherapeutic strategies exploit the immune system's ability to recognize and mount a specific response against tumor cells, but not normal cells. Current immunotherapeutic approaches for glioma can be divided into three categories: immune priming (active immunotherapy), immunomodulation (passive immunotherapy), and adoptive immunotherapy. Immune priming sensitizes the patient's immune cells to tumor antigens using various vaccination protocols. In the case of immunomodulation, strategies are aimed at reducing suppressive cytokines in the tumor microenvironment or using immune molecules to specifically target tumor cells. Adoptive immunotherapy involves harvesting the patient's immune cells, followed by ex vivo activation and expansion prior to re-infusion. This review will provide an overview of the interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system and discuss the challenges facing current immunotherapeutic strategies.
The Structure and Composition of the Stalk of the Ciliated Protozoan Sorogena stoianovitchae

Sorogena stoianovitchae is an unusual ciliated protozoan with a life cycle characterized by the aggregation of individual trophic cells to form a multicellular sorogen that rises from the liquid culture medium surface by the secretion of a stalk. The noncellular stalk is a tapered, longitudinally furrowed structure composed of a fibrillar matrix that is initially hydrated, but with time dehydrates, the stalk becoming thin and brittle. This dehydration is of importance from the earliest stages of stalk formation since it results in the formation of the outer sheath-like region of the stalk that appears to provide much of the support of the stalk. Cytochemical tests of the stalk for polysaccharides (including acidic mucopolysaccharides) and proteins are positive. Proteolytic enzymes degrade the stalk. Lectins specific for glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine bind to the stalk. Gas chromatography analysis detected the presence of fucose, glucose, glucosamine, and arabinose, as well as a variety of amino acids, predominantly glycine. The cytochemical and biochemical tests, the ultrastructural data, and the behavior of the stalk material suggest that the staik is composed of a matrix of complex protein-polysaccharide molecules.
Segmental polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw fixation in patients with bone softening caused by osteoporosis and metastatic tumor involvement: a clinical evaluation.

Objective Instrumentation of the osteoporotic spine may result in bone failure because of pedicle screw loosening and pullout. A clinical evaluation of a novel fenestrated bone tap used in pedicle screw augmentation was performed to determine the performance and safety of this technique. Methods Over a 2.5-year period, the clinical and radiographic results of 119 consecutive patients who underwent instrumented arthrodesis were reviewed. Of these patients, 23 had bone softening secondary to osteoporosis and/or metastatic spinal tumor involvement. These patients underwent surgical decompression and spinal instrumentation. Results Six patients (26%) had metastatic spine disease (squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, breast, prostate, and uterine adenocarcinoma); five patients (22%) had a degenerative spondylolisthesis; and 12 patients (52%) had burst fractures, eight as a result of benign causes and four as a result of metastatic disease. Four (17%) patients underwent revision surgery of previous pedicle screw failure resulting from bone softening and pseudarthrosis. A total of 98 levels were fused using 158 polymethylmethacrylate-augmented screws. None of the patients experienced operative death, myocardial infarction, hypoxemia, intraoperative hypotension, radiculopathy, or myelopathy. Asymptomatic anterior cement extravasation was observed in nine patients (39%). There was one asymptomatic polymethylmethacrylate pulmonary embolus and one wound infection. There was no significant relationship between cement extravasation and the quantity used, levels augmented, or location (P > 0.05). There were no construct failures. Conclusion Polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw fixation reduces the likelihood of pedicle screw loosening and pullout in patients with osteoporosis requiring instrumented arthrodesis.
Numerical Preservation of Symmetry Properties of Continuum Problems

We investigate the problem of perfectly preserving a symmetry associated naturally with one coordinate system when calculated in a different coordinate system. This allows a much wider range of problems that may be viewed as perturbations of the given symmetry to be investigated. We study the problem of preserving cylindrical symmetry in two-dimensional Cartesian geometry and spherical symmetry in two-dimensional cylindrical geometry. We show that this can be achieved by a simple modification of the gradient operator used to compute the force in a staggered grid Lagrangian hydrodynamics algorithm. In the absence of the supposed symmetry we show that the new operator produces almost no change in the results because it is always close to the original gradient operator. Our technique thus results in a subtle manipulation of the spatial truncation error in favor of the assumed symmetry but only to the extent that it is naturally present in the physical situation. This not only extends the range of previous algorithms and the use of new ones for these studies, but for spherical or cylindrical calculations it reduces the sensitivity of the results to grid setup with equal angular zoning that has heretofore been necessary with these problems.
Buoyancy-driven motion of a deformable drop through a quiescent liquid at intermediate Reynolds numbers

Numerical solutions have been obtained for steady streaming flow past an axisymmetric drop over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (0.005 [les ] Re [les ] 250), Weber numbers (0.005 [les ] We [les ] 14), viscosity ratios (0.001 [les ] λ [les ] 1000), and density ratios (0.001 [les ] ζ [les ] 1000). Our results indicate that at lower Reynolds numbers the shape of the drop tends toward a spherical cap with increasing We , but at higher Re the body becomes more disk shaped with increasing We . Unlike the recirculating wake behind an inviscid bubble or solid particle, the eddy behind a drop is detached from the interface. The size of the eddy and the separation distance from the drop depend on the four dimensionless parameters of the problem. The motion of the fluid inside the drop appears to control the behaviour of the external flow near the body, and even for cases when λ and ζ [Lt ] 1 (a ‘real’ bubble), a recirculating wake remains unattached.
Effect of Cocaine on Left Ventricular Function Relation to Increased Wall Stress and Persistence After Treatment

Background To determine whether alterations in left ventricular (LV) function after a cocaine infusion are due to reduced myocardial contractility or changes in loading conditions, we examined LV function in 30 morphine-sedated, closed-chest dogs. We also wanted to determine the time course of the effects of cocaine on LV function after the infusion was stopped. Methods and Results Two-dimensional echocardiography and hemodynamics provided LV fractional shortening and end-systolic wall stress data. Radionuclide ventriculography was also performed. Four groups of dogs received saline or cocaine infusions of 10, 30, or 100 μg · kg−1 · min−1. Cocaine was infused for 90 minutes with ECG and arterial pressure monitoring. Animals were monitored for an additional 120 minutes after the infusion ended. Arterial pressure rose over the course of the experiment in all four groups, but saline and cocaine 10 μg · kg−1 · min−1 did not significantly change ejection fraction. Cocaine 30 and 100 μg · kg−1 · min−1 acutely i...
Pitfalls of patient education. Limited success of a program for back pain in primary care

Study Design. Low back pain patients seen in primary care were allocated randomly to one of two educational interventions or to usual care. Objective. To evaluate educational interventions designed to improve the outcomes of primary care for low back pain. Summary of Background Data. Patients with back pain are frequently dissatisfied with their medical care and identify lack of information as the most insufficient aspect. Methods. In a large Health Maintenance Organization clinic, 293 subjects were allocated randomly to receive usual care, an educational booklet, or a 15-minute session with a clinic nurse, including the booklet and a follow-up telephone call. Outcome measures included satisfaction with care, perceived knowledge, participation in exercise, functional status, symptom relief, and health care use. Outcomes were assessed 1, 3, 7, and 52 weeks after the intervention. Results. The nurse intervention resulted in higher patient satisfaction than usual care (P < 0.001) and higher perceived knowledge (P < 0.001). Self-reported exercise participation was also higher in the nurse intervention group after a 1-week follow-up period (97% vs. 65% in the other groups ; P< 0.0001). There were no significant differences among the three groups in worry, symptoms, functional status, or health care use at any follow-up interval. Differences in self-reported exercise and perceived knowledge were no longer significant after 7 weeks. Conclusions. These findings challenge the value of purely educational approaches in reducing functional impact or health care use related to back pain and also challenge the value of fitness exercise in the most acute phase of back pain.
EXERCISE, FREE RADICAL GENERATION, AND AGING

Advancing age is associated with profound alterations in body composition and exercise capacity. Skeletal muscle mass declines on average of 6% per decade after age thirty and this change impacts both basal energy requirements and maximal aerobic exercise capacity. While skeletal muscle has one of the highest requirements of all tissues for oxygen, exercise increases total oxygen consumption by approximately 10-fold, causing an increased rate of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Biological aging is thought to be influenced by ROS generation and older individuals may be more susceptible to exercise-induced oxidative damage. However, aging is also associated with increases in antioxidant enzymes and controversy still exists as to whether exercise training further upregulates the expression of these free radical scavenging enzymes. Older individuals who participate in regular exercise may have higher requirements for antioxidant vitamins to compensate for the deficit of endogenous antioxidants.
Inflammatory pseudotumors of the stomach. Follow-up report and correction.

This paper is a follow-up report concerning a patient originally interpreted as having an inflammatory pseudotumor of the stomach (eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach) following a 70% subtotal gastrectomy. Two and one half years after surgery the patient died and at autopsy was found to have scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach with metastases. This case is reported as a correction of the original report and to emphasize the problem of pathologic diagnosis in certain forms of scirrhous carcinoma. It also suggests that a clinical follow-up of more than 2 years may be necessary.
Hepatic arterial embolization and chemoembolization in the management of patients with large-volume liver metastases.

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of hepatic arterial embolization (HAE) and chemoembolization (HACE) in patients with large-volume liver metastases. Patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors, melanomas, or gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with >75% liver involvement who underwent HAE or HACE were included in the study. Radiologic response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and postprocedure complications were assessed. Sixty patients underwent 123 treatment sessions. Of the 48 patients for whom follow-up imaging was available, partial response was seen in 12 (25%) patients, minimal response in 6 (12%), stable disease in 22 (46%), and progressive disease in 8 (17%). Median OS and PFS were 9.3 and 4.9 months, respectively. Treatment resulted in radiologic response or disease stabilization in 82% and symptomatic response in 65% of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Patients with neuroendocrine tumors had higher response rates (44% vs. 27% and 0%; p = 0.31) and longer PFS (9.2 vs. 2.0 and 2.3 months; p 75% liver involvement, HAE/HACE resulted in symptom palliation and radiologic response or disease stabilization in the majority of patients. Patients with hepatic metastases from melanomas and GISTs, however, did not show any appreciable benefit from this procedure. Patients with massive liver tumor burden, who have additional risk factors, should not be subjected to HAE/HACE because of the high risk of procedure-related mortality.
Role of BMI‐Associated Loci Identified in GWAS Meta‐Analyses in the Context of Common Childhood Obesity in European Americans

Obesity is a serious health concern for children and adolescents, particularly in Western societies, where its incidence is now considered to have reached epidemic proportions. A number of genetic determinants of adult BMI have already been established through genome wide association studies (GWAS), most recently from the GIANT meta-analysis of such datasets combined. In this current study of European Americans, we examined the 32 loci detected in that GIANT study in the context of common childhood obesity within a cohort of 1,097 cases (defined as BMI ≥95th percentile), together with 2,760 lean controls (defined as BMI <50th percentile), aged between 2 and 18 years old. Nine of these single-nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs) yielded at least nominal evidence for association with common childhood obesity, namely at the FTO, TMEM18, NRXN3, MC4R, SEC16B, GNPDA2, TNNI3K, QPCTL, and BDNF loci. However, overall 28 of the 32 loci showed directionally consistent effects to that of the adult BMI meta-analysis. We conclude that among the 32 loci that have been reported to associate with adult BMI in the largest meta-analysis of BMI to date, at least nine also contribute to the determination of common obesity in childhood in European Americans, as demonstrated by their associations in our pediatric cohort.
Polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field during cycle 23

[1] Using magnetograph data, coronagraph observations, and source surface extrapolations, we examine the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field from 1996 through the 2000–2001 polarity reversal and show how this evolution is reflected in coronal holes, coronal streamers, the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and the solar wind. The photospheric polarity reversal is completed in the more active Northern Hemisphere in late 2000 and then in the Southern Hemisphere in 2001. The polar coronal holes disappear in 2000 and start to re-form in 2001; during this interval, most of the open magnetic flux resides in the active region latitudes, where small coronal holes with strong footpoint fields generate predominantly slow solar wind. The nondipolar nature of the large-scale coronal field at sunspot maximum gives rise to complex streamer/HCS topologies, in which a four-sector structure and even a secondary, detached current sheet with cylindrical geometry are sometimes present. Comparison of the potential field extrapolations with coronagraph and Ulysses observations suggests that the magnetograph measurements may have underestimated the strength of the south polar field during late 2000.
Bacterial assays for recombinagens

Two principal strategies have been used for studying recombinagenic effects of chemicals and radiation in bacteria: (1) measurement of homologous recombination involving defined alleles in a partially diploid strain, and (2) measurement of the formation and loss of genetic duplications in the bacterial chromosome. In the former category, most methods involve one allele in the bacterial chromosome and another in a plasmid, but it is also possible to detect recombination between two chromosomal alleles or between two extrachromosomal alleles. This review summarizes methods that use each of these approaches for detecting recombination and tabulates data on agents that have been found to be recombinagenic in bacteria. The assays are discussed with respect to their effectiveness in testing for recombinagens and their potential for elucidating mechanisms underlying recombinagenic effects.
Lightweight digital hardware random number generators

Random Number Generator (RNG) plays an essential role in many sensor network systems and applications, such as security and robust communication. We have developed the first digital hardware random number generator (DHRNG). DHRNG has a small footprint and requires ultra-low energy. It uses a new recursive structure that directly targets efficient FPGA implementation. The core idea is to place or extract random values in FPGA configuration bits and randomly connect the building blocks. We present our architecture, introduce accompanying protocols for secure public key communication, and adopt the NIST randomness test on the DHRNG's output stream.
Nuclear Activity During Regeneration in Blepharisma intermedium Bhandary

SYNOPSIS. Transection and regeneration of Blepharisma intermedium initiate complex macronuclear activity and micronuclear division. Reversible condensation of the macronucleus is achieved by contraction which involves primary and secondary coiling. Primary coiling, evident in vegetative cells, is enhanced by pronounced constriction of the macronuclear extremities during regeneration. Secondary coiling is restricted to the period of contraction and is initiated at the ends of the mauonucleus. Condensation terminates the coiling processes and gives rise to an amorphous structure. Re-elongation of the macronucleus is not followed immediately by coiling. Micronuclear division begins early in regeneration, but the peak of visible activity is not reached until the 3rd through 5th hours.
Broad applicability of ultrarapid train stimulation as an efficient alternative to conventional programmed electrical stimulation.

FISHER, J.D.,et al.:Broad Applicability of Ultrarapid Train Stimulation as an Efficient Alternative to Conventional Programmed Electrical Stimulation.Background and study objective:Conventional programmed electrical stimulation (PES) is useful for establishing inducibility or noninducibility of clinical ventricular arrhythmias (VA), but is complex and time-consuming. This study compared a standard PES protocol with ultrarapid train stimulation (UTS) in a broad range of patients with and without a history of ventricular arrhythmias or structural heart disease. Methods: Patients prospectively underwent electrophysiologic testing with both UTS and conventional PES protocols in a randomized, crossover design. Results: The results were concordant in 79% of 150 matched pairs of comparisons in 104 patients (NS). There were no differences related to underlying heart disease or arrhythmia, or antiarrhythmic treatment. Induction of nonclinical arrhythmias with the two methods was similar(P = 0.524). Inhibition phenomena were minor except in some patients receiving amiodarone. Fewer drive-extrastimuli sequences and less time were needed to complete the trains protocol(P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In cases where the main intent is to induce ventricular arrhythmias, UTS yields results that are similar to those of conventional PES protocols in a shorter length of time. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. II]:518–523)
The theory of double-layer antireflection coatings

Abstract The theory of double-layer antireflection coatings using non-quarter-wave films is reviewed and extended. Normal incidence only is considered. The spectral reflectance of a double-layer coating depends on the refractive indices of the layers and the adjacent media, and on O1 and O2, the phase thickness of the layers. It is known that the reflectance is theoretically zero if the refractive indices satisfy certain inequalities and if the phase thicknesses are those calculated from certain equations. To obtain a fuller appreciation of double-layer coatings, the reflectance throughout the whole (O1, O2) plane is studied analytically. The pattern formed by the lines of constant reflectance exhibits translational symmetry, and the unit pattern which generates the whole pattern has a twofold axis of symmetry. The shape of the unit pattern depends on the refractive indices of the four media. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the similarities and differences between the unit patterns of some double-layer systems.
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland abnormalities in inbred laboratory mice

Summary Abnormalities of the bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands are rare in most strains of inbred laboratory mice. Since the glands are covered with striated muscle and because of their small size, the bulbourethral glands are often overlooked at necropsy. We review the gross and microscopic anatomy of the bulbourethral glands in laboratory mice and report in SJL/J and RBF/DnJ mice a series of anomalies of this gland that appear to be common in these strains and relatively strain specific. From 14 different inbred strains of mice that had been submitted for necropsy over a period of 4.5 years for various clinical complaints, including enlargement of the perianal region, 23.8% of SJL/J mice (27/113) and 51.2% of RBF/DnJ mice (21/41) had cystic hyperplasia of the bulbourethal glands. Furthermore 7.3% of BALB/cByJ mice (3/41) had cystic glands and 6.7% of DBA/2J mice (4/60) had enlarged bulbourethal glands, three of which (5.0%) were abscessed. All selected mice were active male breeders older than 6 months of age from production colonies at The Jackson Laboratory. Detailed examination of bulbourethral glands of retired SJL/J breeders revealed cystic glands in 83.8% (109/130) of mice. No abnormalities were found in the other inbred strains of mice investigated.
The developmental line of autonomy in the etiology, dynamics, and treatment of borderline personality disorders.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is considered as a disorder of autonomy, and is related to both predisposing vulnerabilities and social relationships that fail to support basic psychological needs. Autonomy, which is defined within the self-determination theory as the capacity for self-endorsed action based on integrative, reflective awareness, is discussed as a developmental line that is dependent on specific supports from caregivers. Unresponsiveness, invalidation, or abuse by caregivers is argued to impair the capacity for autonomy and to catalyze an array of processes, both biological and psychological, which impact subsequent development and, in vulnerable individuals, can lead to BPD. Aspects of treatment, including the emphases on validation and acceptance of the patient's experience, and the cultivation of more reflective or mindful regulation of behavior, can be deduced from this analysis of autonomy disturbance, and these in turn have appeared as the cornerstones of effective treatments for BPD.
Population trends, reproductive success, and organochlorine chemical contaminants in waterbirds nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas.

The effects of environmental contaminants on the reproductive success of olivaceous cormorants (Phalacrocorax olivaceus), laughing gulls (Larus atricilla), and black skimmers (Rhynchops niger) nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas were investigated from 1980 through 1982. Populations of cormorants and gulls have remained stable in recent years, but skimmer numbers may have declined. Cormorants produced 1.9 to 2.8 young per pair in nests that remained active throughout the season. Gull and skimmer reproduction was seriously limited by storms and predation. DDE and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in carcasses and eggs generally were below levels associated with chronic poisoning and reproductive problems in most species of birds. Possible exceptions were four black skimmer carcasses with DDE concentrations that ranged from 20 to 92Μg/g and one olivaceous cormorant carcass with 20Μg/g DDE. The generally low levels of dieldrin, chlordane, HCB, toxaphene, and heptachlor epoxide were below those know to affect avian reproduction and survival. Mean DDE residues in cormorant and gull eggs were less than 1.8Μg/g. The mean DDE residue in skimmer eggs was less than 3.3Μg/g; 12% of the skimmer eggs contained at least 12Μg/g DDE, a level known to cause reproductive problems in some avian species. DDE in the eggs of all species declined from 1.5- to 7-fold over the past decade. Polychlorinated biphenyl was detected in all gull and skimmer eggs and in 90% of the cormorant eggs. Residues of PCB in cormorant and skimmer eggs in 1980–82 were lower than in 1970, but the frequency of occurrence in gull eggs increased. Polychlorinated styrenes were recovered in 45% of the cormorant carcasses at levels below 1Μg/g. Eggshell thicknesses in all three species were similar to those of eggshells collected before the widespread use of DDT.
Measuring radiance: a comparison of theory with experiment

At every conference since 1995 we have reported on work in- progress to find a consistent formalism connecting the radiance concept with measurement of radiance, even under conditions where wave effects are important. In such circumstances, classical radiometry no longer provides an adequate description. In this conference we report on measurements of radiance that are well modeled by our theory, but would not be adequately described by classical radiometry.
Role of islet tissue in the cold‐induced hyperglycemia of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus

Islet tissue histology and serum glucose concentrations were examined in salt-water-adapted killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, acclimated to 20°C and to − 1.5°C for one and ten days. Exposure to subzero temperatures produced a hyperglycemia accompanied by hypertrophy and degranulation of alpha cells in the islets and by atrophy of the islet beta cells with no changes in granulation. The cold-induced hyperglycemia presumably resulted from an increase in circulating levels of glucagon and from a failure of the beta cells to release insulin.
Global heat flow: A new look

A global heat flow map has been derived from existing observations supplemented in areas without data by an empirical predictor based on tectonic setting and age. In continental areas the predictor is based on the observed correlation of heat flow with age of last tectono-thermal event, and in oceanic regions on the observed relation of heat flow to age of ocean floor. The predictor was used to assign mean heat flow values to 5° × 5° grid areas on the globe, weighted according to the relative area of tectonic provinces represented. A spherical harmonic analysis to degree 12 of the heat flow field yields a mean value of 59 mW m−2, a rms residual of 13 mW m−2, and an amplitude spectrum which decreases gradually and almost monotonically fromn = 1. The spherical harmonic representation of the heat flow field is free of the unreal distortions which have characterized earlier analyses based on a geographically sparse data set. Areas with residuals greater than 15 mW m−2 comprise less than 19% of the area of the globe, thus indicating that most heat flow provinces have characteristic dimensions adequately represented in a 12-degree analysis.
A density functional theory study of the pyrolysis mechanisms of indole

Abstract Becke's three-parameter hybrid density functional method in conjunction with Lee–Yang–Parr's correlation functional (B3LYP) was used to investigate the pyrolysis mechanisms of indole yielding benzyl cyanide and o- and m-tolunitriles. All equilibrium and transition state structures of the proposed reaction channels were fully optimized by B3LYP using the 6-31G** basis set. Single point energies were evaluated by B3LYP with the 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. Two hydrogen migration tautomers of indole, seemingly playing no important roles in the pyrolysis due to destruction of aromaticity of the benzene ring, were predicted to be easily accessible under the experimental conditions and may be important intermediates in the reactions. Two other transition states suggested to play important roles in the experimental study were not found and may not exist. Instead stepwise processes via hydrogen migration tautomers arriving at the same products are shown likely to be responsible for the observed products. IR spectral features of three hydrogen-migration tautomers are predicted to help future experimental identification.
Deposition of charged particles in tubes

Abstract Flow of suspensions of charged particles in a circular tube is solved with an integral method. Results for plug flow and Poiseuille flow were obtained and shown in figures.