cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and in vivo evaluation of buccal tablets prepared using danazol–sulfobutylether 7 β‐cyclodextrin (SBE 7) complexes

The aim of the present work was to develop a mucoadhesive controlled-release formulation of danazol-sulfobutylether 7 beta-cyclodextrin (SBE 7) complex and to evaluate the feasibility of improving the bioavailability of danazol via the buccal route. Different types of polymers, polycarbophil (PC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were mixed with danazol-SBE 7 complex and compressed into tablets. These tablets were evaluated for their dissolution and mucoadhesion properties and for drug absorption in female beagle dogs. Increased mucoadhesion was observed for PC-containing tablets compared with HPMC tablets. As the concentration of polymer increased, drug release decreased, and PC-containing tablets gave slower release compared to HPMC tablets. In vivo bioavailability performed in dogs showed that the perorally administered danazol-SBE 7 complex and the danazol-SBE 7 (in PC matrix) buccal tablets had absolute bioavailabilities of 64% and 25%, respectively, that are significantly greater than 1.8% observed for the commercial formulation Danocrine. The increased bioavailability was attributed to the enhanced solubility consequent to complexation, and the possible avoidance of first-pass metabolism upon buccal administration.
Test marketing of branded, low fat, fresh beef

The potential of marketing a branded, low fat, fresh beef product was studied. Consumers were receptive to the test product and were willing to compromise on taste for a product that was perceived to be healthier. Opportunities appear to exist for a range of beef products targeted at selective consumer segments. The test marketing procedure did not include alternative price levels for the product.
Regulation of superoxide anion generation in bovine alveolar macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, serum proteins, and modulators of signal transduction.

The respiratory burst of phagocytes in an important leukocyte function which results in generation of oxygen species that are both microbicidal and potentially damaging to host tissues. We investigated regulation of the respiratory burst of alveolar macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gramnegative bacteria, serum proteins, and several modulators of signal transduction. When employed as a single stimulus, LPS (E. coli 055 ∶ B5, 10 ng/ml-1μg/ml) was a weak stimulus for generation of superoxide anion (O 2 − ) as compared to the potent effect of the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 500 ng/ml). However, when LPS was combined with fetal bovine serum (FBS; 0.4–1.0% vol/vol, equivalent to 128–320μg protein/ml), O 2 − generation was enhanced approximately two-fold over LPS alone. A chromatographically-derived bovine serum fraction which contained bovine lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (bLBP; 0.25–1.0μg/ ml) was an effective substitute for FBS at a much lower protein concentration than whole FBS, and a similar synergistic effect with LPS on O 2 − generation was observed. Stimulation of macrophages for generation of O 2 − either with LPS alone or with LPS plus serum/serum fraction was suppressed by the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A (0.2 ng/ml), and the calcium chelator BAPTA (12μM), but not by modulators of G-proteins, including pertussis toxin (10 ng/ml) and cholera toxin (5μg/ml protein). Essentially complete inhibition of O 2 − synthesis by herbimycin A and BAPTA occurred in the presence of LPS and the bLBP-containing serum fraction (1μg/ml protein), but only partial inhibition (46.7% and 64.1%, respectively) was observed in the presence of LPS plus FBS (256μg/ml protein). These results indicate that when LPS is used as a sole stimulus it induces modest respiratory burst activity. However, when LPS is combined with appropriate serum components, it stimulates alveolar macrophages to generate larger amounts of O 2 − . Cellular signaling pathways important in stimulation of macrophages by LPS and serum components are protein tyrosine kinase- and Ca++-dependent, but do not relay on G-protein-mediated signaling.
Autologous and Acrylic Cranioplasty: A Review of 10 Years and 258 Cases

Introduction Cranioplasty is a well-accepted neurosurgical procedure that has application to a wide range of pathologies. Given the varied need for both autologous and synthetic cranial grafts, it is important to establish rates of procedural complication. Methods A retrospective review identified 282 patients undergoing cranioplasty at our institution over a 10-year period, of which 249 patients underwent 258 cranioplasties with either autologous or acrylic flaps. A database including patient age, gender, presenting diagnosis, hospital of surgery, presence of a drain, and surgical complications was created in order to analyze the autologous and acrylic cranioplasty data. Results A total of 28 complications were noted, yielding a rate of 10.9% (28/258). There was no statistically significant difference in infection rate between autologous and acrylic cranioplasty (7.2% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.80). Male patients ( P = 0.007), tumor patients ( P = 0.02), and patients undergoing surgery at the county hospital ( P = 0.06) sustained a statistically higher rate of infection. Among traumatic brain injury patients, complex injuries and surgical involvement of the frontal sinus carried a significantly higher infection rate of 17% and 38.5%, respectively ( P = 0.03, P = 0.001). Postoperative epidural hematoma requiring reoperation occurred in 3.5% (9/258) with no difference in hematoma rate with placement of a drain ( P = 1). Conclusions Cranioplasty carries a significant risk of infection and postoperative hematoma. In this large series comparing autologous and acrylic flaps, male patients, tumor patients, and those undergoing surgery at the county hospital were at increased risk of postoperative infection. Among traumatic brain injury cases, complex injuries and cases with surgical involvement of the frontal sinus may portend a higher risk.
Spaces of Geographical Thought: Deconstructing Human Geography's Binaries

Paul Cloke and Ron Johnston, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2005. vii and 224 pp., photos, and index. $41.95 paper (ISBN 0-7619-4732-9). Breaking down dichotomies has become something of a post-stru...
Primate Gammaretroviruses Require an Ancillary Factor Not Required for Murine Gammaretroviruses To Infect BHK Cells

BHK cells remain resistant to xenotropic murine retrovirus-related virus (XMRV) or gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) infection, even when their respective receptors, Xpr1 or PiT1, are expressed. We set out to determine the stage at which viral infection is blocked and whether this block is mediated by a dominant-negative factor or the absence of a requisite ancillary factor. BHK cells bind neither XMRV nor GALV envelope proteins. BHK cells expressing the appropriate receptors bind XMRV or GALV envelope proteins. BHK cells can be infected by NZB-XMV(New Zealand Black mouse xenotropic murine virus)-enveloped vectors, expressing an envelope derived from a xenotropic retrovirus that, like XMRV, employs Xpr1 as a receptor, and also by vectors bearing the envelope of 10A1 murine leukemia virus (MLV), a murine retrovirus that can use PiT1 as a receptor. The retroviral vectors used in these analyses differ solely in their viral envelope proteins, suggesting that the block to XMRV and GALV infection is mediated at the level of envelope-receptor interactions. N-linked glycosylation of the receptors was not found to mediate resistance of receptor-expressing BHK cells to GALV or XMRV, as shown by tunicamycin treatment and mutation of the specific glycosylation site of the PiT1 receptor. Hybrid cells produced by fusing BHKXpr1 or BHKPiT1 to XMRV- or GALV-resistant cells, respectively, can mediate efficient XMRV or GALV infection. These findings indicate that BHK cells lack a factor that is required for infection by primate xenotropic viruses. This factor is not required for viruses that use the same receptors but were directly isolated from mice.
Importance of the Dimer-Dimer Interface for Allosteric Signal Transduction and AMP Cooperativity of Pig Kidney Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS STUDIES OF GLU-192 AND ASP-187 RESIDUES ON THE 190'S LOOP

Abstract The role of the 190's loop of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-1,6-P2ase) in the allosteric regulation of Fru-1,6-P2ase has been investigated through kinetic studies on three mutant enzymes, Glu-192 → Ala, Glu-192 → Gln, and Asp-187 → Ala. AMP is an allosteric inhibitor, which binds to the regulatory sites and induces the R- to T-state transition; for wild-type Fru-1,6-P2ase AMP inhibition is cooperative with a Hill coefficient of 2.0. The replacement of Asp-187, which forms an interaction across the C1:C2 monomer-monomer interface, with alanine did not change the catalytic efficiency, and it had no effect on the cooperativity of AMP inhibition; however, the apparent dissociation constant for AMP increased more than 4-fold as compared to the value for the wild-type enzyme. The replacement of Glu-192, which forms interactions across the C1:C4 dimer-dimer interface, with Ala and Gln lowered kcat from 21 s−1 for wild-type enzyme to 15 s−1 and 13 s−1, respectively, for the mutant enzymes, while their respective Km values were not changed. However, these replacements did have dramatic effects on AMP inhibition; first, cooperative AMP inhibition was lost; second, the AMP inhibition was biphasic, which can be interpreted as due to AMP binding to two classes of binding sites. The high affinity class of sites corresponds to the regulatory sites, while the low affinity class of sites may be the active sites. The results reported here, combined with the structural and kinetic results from the Lys-42 → Ala enzyme, strongly suggest that the C1:C4 dimer-dimer interface, rather than the C1:C2 monomer-monomer interface, is critical for the propagation of the allosteric signal between the AMP sites on different subunits; in addition, cooperative AMP inhibition is essential for the enzyme to be fully inhibited by the binding of AMP to the allosteric site.
Corrosion behavior of advanced titanium-based alloys made by three-dimensional printing (3DPTM) for biomedical applications

Abstract New Ti–5Ag and Ti–5Ag–35Sn (wt.%) alloys were designed and synthesized by three-dimensional printing (3DPTM) through liquid-phase sintering or liquid-tin infiltration, respectively. The corrosion behavior of these alloys as well as of pure titanium was studied by means of short- and long-term open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic measurements during immersion in a saline solution at body temperature, as well as by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Due to its relatively low porosity level and the presence of silver, the Ti–5Ag alloy sintered at 1300°C exhibited good passivation behavior. However, the Ti–5Ag–35Sn alloy, while exhibiting improved dimensional stability, suffered from a deteriorated corrosion resistance.
What is fun

Ian Bogost is a scholar, author, and game designer. He is professor and director of the Graduate Program in Digital Media at the Georgia Institute of Technology and founding partner at Persuasive Games LLC. As an author, he writes about video games as a medium with many uses. As a game designer, he makes games for political, social, educational, and artistic uses. Bogost is author or co-author of eight books including: Unit Operations, Persuasive Games, Racing the Beam, Newsgames, How To Do Things with Videogames, and Alien Phenomenology. Bogost's video games cover topics as varied as airport security, disaffected workers, the petroleum industry, and tort reform. His game A Slow Year, a collection of game poems for Atari, won the Vanguard and Virtuoso awards at the 2010 Indiecade Festival.
Deuterium tracer experiments on the reactions of some metal hydrides with aqueous oxidizing agents

Abstract When CaH 2 reacts with D 2 O solutions, slightly more than two-thirds of the evolved hydrogen is HD, and hydrolysis is the only reaction occurring when such oxidizing agents as Ag + , Ce 4+ , Cr 2 O 7 = and MnO 4 − are present. In the reaction of MgH 2 with D 2 O and DCl solutions, HD is again the major product and the proportion of HD increases significantly with increasing acidity. Aqueous Ag + is reduced by MgH 2 with most of the hydride hydrogen being released as hydrogen gas without exchange with the solvent. Cerium hydrides in the composition range CeH 2.18 -CeH 2.96 react with solutions of non-oxidizing acids to evolve hydrogen gas, the major isotopic species of which contains one atom from the hydride and one atom from the solvent. When the cerium hydrides undergo hydrolysis in solutions of low acidity, most of the hydride hydrogen is lost to the solvent by exchange. Oxidation of cerium hydrides by Ag + , NO 3 − and H 2 O 2 is more rapid than hydrolysis, and most of the evolved hydrogen is derived from the hydride.
Noble Failure Analysis procedure for trench MOSFET technology devices through detail electrical parameter characterization and unique Fault Isolation technique

The demand for exponential improvement in MOSFET performance versus cost has driven the Industry to miniaturize the die size thus maximizing the die density per square inch of wafer, and exploring breakthroughs in the device design and the wafer fabrication processes. The conventional planar Gate structure on top of the silicon surface is now being replaced by vertical gate micro structure inside hundreds of trenches in the silicon itself. The smaller pitch between the Gates, the deeper Polysilicon Gate and the thinner Gate Oxide in the trenches demand new and improved procedure for Failure Analysis technique of such devices. The paper describes the detail of the electrical parameter characterization to determine the location of the defect in the structure, the unique Fault Isolation technique to identify the exact defect location, and the noble failure analysis technique to uncover the defect and the failure mechanism causing the specific electrical failure mode of the device. Electrical parameter characterization of the Leakage and the VTH parameters, Fault isolation technique using Backside and Topside PEM/OBIRCH, FIB circuit stitching procedure, and the progressive FIB/TEM technique are discussed.
The large bladder diverticulum in children

Abstract Objective Large bladder diverticulae, i.e. with a diameter measuring at least one-third of the bladder diameter on voiding cystourethrography, constitute an unusual but serious cause of obstructive uropathy in childhood. Their operative management entails meticulous reconstruction of the lower urinary tract. We report our experience with the management and long-term outcome of large bladder diverticulae in children during a 20-year period. Patients and methods Twenty-two children (21 boys and 1 girl) aged 13 days to 14 years old (median age 2 years) at diagnosis of a large bladder diverticulum were treated in our department between April 1982 and December 2001. Presenting symptoms were: acute pyelonephritis in 10 patients, acute or chronic urinary retention in five, recurrent non-febrile bacteriuria in four and macroscopic hematuria in one patient. In the remaining two cases the diverticulae were diagnosed incidentally. Vesicoureteral reflux due to incorporation of the ureter within the diverticulum occurred in three children (four ureters). Transvesical diverticulectomy was performed as primary treatment in 20 patients. In the remaining two who presented at the age of 2 weeks with acute retention, cutaneous vesicostomy was the primary management followed after 1 year by diverticulectomy. Diverticulectomy was combined with ureteral reimplantation in 14 ureters (four refluxing and 10 non-refluxing) which were incorporated within the diverticular sac. In two children with bladder-neck hypertrophy, a bladder neck incision was additionally performed. Results There were two postoperative complications. In one case of bladder-neck stenosis with a thick trabeculated bladder ureterovesical obstruction occurred following ureteral reimplantation. Another patient presented with severe hematuria and clot retention, which was controlled by clot evacuation, continuous bladder irrigation and administration of factor VIII. In the five patients with retention preoperatively, complete bladder emptying was achieved postoperatively. Seventeen patients who at their last follow up had reached school age had a normal uroflow and normal voiding patterns. None of the patients had recurrence of the diverticulum, and all have remained free of urinary infection postoperatively during a mean (range) follow-up period of 16 (2–20) years. Conclusion Large bladder diverticulae present a serious urological problem in childhood. Urinary infection and urinary retention are the most common presenting symptoms. Transvesical diverticulectomy is a reliable technique for surgical treatment, and can effectively be combined with ureteral reimplantation or with the management of associated bladder-neck pathology whenever necessary. In neonates a staged approach with primary cutaneous vesicostomy followed by diverticulectomy is recommended as a safer but equally effective treatment.
State-Corporate Capitalism, Political Polarization, and a Culture of Unquiet Desperation: A Pastoral Analysis and Responses

This article proffers a pastoral analysis of a culture of unquiet desperation. In particular, I argue that state-corporate capitalism’s ethos of zero-sum competition; the commodification of seemingly all aspects of daily life; singular aims of profit, productivity, never-ending market control and expansion; and the prevalence of contractual-functional relationships in society have become the dominant interpretive frameworks in society, undermining both community and a culture of care, as well as contributing to loneliness, isolation, anxiety, and insecurity. Political polarization fosters and reflects a vicious cycle of underlying fear, hostility, and distrust between groups, wherein members take shelter behind the walls of their theo-political enclaves. Six pastoral responses are briefly considered.
Selective anterograde coronary arteriography in neonates with d-transposition of the great arteries: Accuracy and safety

Abstract Objectives. This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of selective anterograde coronary arteriography for the identification of the origin and branching pattern of the three main coronary arteries in neonates with d-transposition of the great arteries. Background. Definition of coronary artery anatomy is important in neonates with d-transposition of the great arteries who are considered for the arterial switch operation. Balloon occlusion bortography defines coronary artery anatomy in most but not all cases. We have described a technique for selective anterograde coronary arteriography. Methods. Between March 1987 and May 1991, 17 neonates underwent selective anterograde coronary arteriography and 29 patients had balloon occlusion aortography. After venous access was gained, a mesenteric catheter was used to engage the coronary ostia for contrast injection. All angiograms were reviewed by three independent observers and the coronary artery diagnoses were compared with operative findings. Complications with the catheterization procedure were also recorded. Results. The accuracy of defining coronary artery anatomy with selective anterograde coronary arteriography (98 ± 2%) was significantly (p 0.05) and was related to transient bradycardia induced by catheter manipulation in the right ventricle. No patient in either study group experienced cardiac ischemia. Conclusions. Selective anterograde coronary arteriography is an accurate and safe technique for the definition of coronary artery pattern in neonates with d-transposition of the great arteries.
THE ADRENARCHE: PROLACTIN, GONADOTROPINS, ADRENAL 350 ANDROGENS AND CORTISOL

Serum concentrations of prolactin, FSH, LH, androstenedione (A) 11-β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11βA), dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHA), dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHAS), and cortisol (F) were quantified in blood from 106 children from 2 to 12 years of age, and in adults. Prolactin (Prl), cortisol, and 11-β-hydroxyandrostenedione showed no significant changes during these years. Androstenedione was present in relatively high concentrations at the youngest ages and increased gradually, while FSH and LH rose peripubertally in years 11 and 12. In contrast, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate showed a progressive increase with age in boys and girls and a 2-phase increase in girls. The greatest relative change in the DMAS concentrations occurred between ages 2 and 5 in girls. These data indicate that significant changes in adrenal androgen (DHA) secretion occur well before the gonadal changes of puberty in both sexes. Furthermore, since the Δ4 steroids (A and 11-β-OH A) were high at ages 2-5, and constant with approaching puberty, whereas the Δ5 steroids (DHA and DHAS) increased with age beginning with relatively low values, the Δ4/Δ5 ratio decreased with age. This suggests early prominence of 3-β-ol isomerase dehydrogenase activity. We also conclude that children ages 2 through 12 have normal adult Prl levels, and these concentrations do not change in parallel with adrenal androgen development.
Role of graft flow measurement technique in anastomotic quality assessment in minimally invasive CABG.

Abstract Background . Anastomotic quality is currently the critical issue in minimally invasive coronary surgery. Although little is known about its effectiveness, surgeons routinely assess grafts intraoperatively using flow probes. This study was designed to determine whether mean flow and the pattern of flow tracing in internal mammary artery grafts obtained with a transit-time flow probe are reliable indicators of anastomotic quality. Methods . Mongrel dogs (n = 14, 30 to 35 kg) underwent off-pump left, right, or left and right internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery anastomosis (23 grafts). Moderate to severe degrees of stenosis were created at the anastomosis by an additional suture. Internal mammary artery graft flow was measured before and after the stenosis was created with the left anterior descending artery occluded. Angiography was performed at random postoperatively to validate the degree of stenosis. Mean flow and flow tracing morphology were compared under various degrees of stenosis. Results . There were no significant differences in mean graft flow or the morphology of the flow tracing between patent ( p 75%). Conclusions . Although differences in mean graft flow and graft flow morphology were detectable in anastomoses with severe stenosis (>75%), they were indistinguishable in anastomoses with mild (
Software paging in an interpretive environment

A simple software paging scheme for the interpretive language BALM is described. BALM, a high level extensible language, is extended to BALMSETL by adding the primitives of SETL, a very high-level set-theoretic language. BALMSETL is then used to execute SETL programs. Since these runs required large amounts of core memory (170KBand up) the need for a paging system arose. The paging system implemented is completely automatic and hidden from the user to whom it appears that he has 200KB words of additional core memory. Code blocks of varying size constitute pages which are rolled in on demand. Pages to be rolled out are selected on the basis of whether they are active or not and how long they have not been active. The algorithm for selecting pages to be rolled out is invoked by the garbage collector, which uses bit tables to identify code blocks and uses patterns within code blocks to select the appropriate number of pages.
6Li J-modulated 13C spin-echo spectra: selective observation of alkyllithium aggregates

A 13C spin-echo technique with gated 6Li decoupling has been developed for the selective observation of different alkyllithium aggregates, (RLi)n. The spectral editing technique is based on the fact that both the multiplicity of the 13C resonance and the magnitude of the observed 13C6Li coupling are a function of the number of coupled 6Li nuclei. The method was shown to differentiate between three types of tert-butyllithium-6Li: dimers, fluxional tetramers and non-fluxional tetramers.
Robotic right hepatectomy for giant hemangioma in a Jehovah’s Witness

The use of minimally invasive surgery for the resection of benign liver tumors has increased in recent years as results show decreased abdominal damage and significant cosmetic advantages. Herein, we describe the first reported application of minimally invasive surgery for the removal of a giant symptomatic hemangioma, using robotic surgery, in a Jehovah’s Witness (JW) patient. A 32-year-old JW presented with abdominal discomfort and recent episodes of acute abdominal pain due to a giant cavernous hemangioma involving segments VI and VII of the liver. Because of the location and size of the lesion, a right hepatectomy was planned. After a careful preoperative evaluation, a robotic right hepatectomy was performed using the da Vinci Surgical System. The procedure was successfully completed in minimally invasive fashion with an operative time of 310 min and with an intraoperative blood loss of only 300 ml. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 10. At 30-month follow up the patient reported complete relief of symptoms and good esthetic results. In experienced hands, a minimally invasive robotic major hepatic resection is a viable option that can be performed with minimal blood loss in a JW patient. A careful preoperative and intraoperative strategy is required and significant experience in liver and robotic surgery is mandatory.
Acquired sessile hemangioma of the conjunctiva: a report of 10 cases.

Purpose To report 10 cases of an unusual conjunctival lesion that has been termed acquired sessile hemangioma . Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods A chart review was conducted on patients coded as having a conjunctival vascular tumor at the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University. A cohort of these patients was identified as having a lesion comprising a complex sessile arrangement of conjunctival blood vessels that were remarkably similar to one another, but were distinctly different from other known conjunctival vascular tumors and malformations. These lesions were called acquired sessile hemangioma of the conjunctiva. Each case was evaluated for patient age, gender, race, laterality, and follow-up. Each tumor was assessed for anatomic location in the conjunctiva, quadrant of involvement, diameter, thickness, margin (sharp or ill-defined), and presence of feeder blood vessels. Results Ten cases were identified. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 58 years (mean, 58 years; range, 31–83 years). There were 8 women and 3 men, and all patients were white. Only 1 patient was referred specifically for the vascular lesion. In the other 9 cases, it was a coincidental finding by the authors on referral for unrelated problems. There were no related systemic or ocular findings that seemed to be related to acquired sessile hemangioma. In each case, acquired sessile hemangioma was characterized by a flat array of intertwining, mildly dilated blood vessels, usually on the bulbar conjunctiva. Fluorescein angiography, performed in 1 case, demonstrated a feeding artery, draining vein, and leakage of dye from the deeper blood vessels in the lesion and minimal or no leakage of dye from the more superficial blood vessels. Histopathologic analysis, obtained in 1 case, disclosed that the lesion comprised 2 to 3 layers of dilated congested blood vessels that were otherwise of normal appearance. A literature review failed to detect any previous reports on this lesion. Conclusions Acquired sessile hemangioma is an unusual conjunctival vascular lesion of adults that has characteristic clinical features. It should be differentiated from other conjunctival vascular lesions. There are no systemic associations. The best management is observation only, since most remain stable and have no known complications.
Distinct conflict resolution deficits related to different facets of Schizophrenia

An important issue in understanding the nature of conflict processing is whether it is a unitary or multidimensional construct. One way to examine this is to study whether people with impaired conflict processing exhibit a general pattern of deficits or whether they exhibit impairments in distinct aspects of conflict processing. One group who might exhibit conflict deficits are people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder, with one way to break down the heterogeneity of schizophrenia is to examine specific symptoms. Previous research has found that specific symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with specific deficits in conflict processing. In particular, disorganization is associated with increased response conflict, alogia is associated with increased retrieval conflict, and anhedonia is associated with increased emotional conflict. Moreover, there is evidence that different types of conflict processing are unassociated with each other. This evidence suggests that conflict processing is a multidimensional construct and that different aspects of schizophrenia are associated with impairments in processing different types of conflict.
Photoprotons from In, Ce, and Bi

The charged particles ejected from indium, cerium, and bismuth foils by x-rays from a 24-Mev betatron were observed in nuclear emulsions. The yields of photoprotons, photodeuterons, and photoalpha particles were determined, and the energy and angular distributions of the photoprotons were measured and compared with theoretical calculations based on the evaporation process and on the direct photoeffect. The energy distributions observed indicate a large fraction of direct photoeffect. A marked forward asymmetry was observed in the angular distributions from indium and bismuth.
A tutorial proof that extreme points are basic feasible solutions

Abstract Given a set of m linear equations in n unknowns with the requirement that the solution space be nonnegative, a simple, heuristic proof is offered which shows that the extreme points of the set of feasible solutions are also basic feasible solutions. This proof can be used in many text treatments of Linear Programming which omit the proof on the grounds that it is too difficult to prove.
From products to solutions: the role of salesperson opportunity recognition

Purpose – This paper seeks to define a new construct, salesperson opportunity recognition, which contributes to solutions selling effectiveness and efficiency.Design/methodology/approach – A framework for the composition of salesperson opportunity recognition as well as antecedents and outcomes is constructed from an analysis and synthesis of the extant literature on entrepreneurial cognition and creativity.Findings – The paper identifies salesperson opportunity recognition as a distinct, multi‐dimensional construct that mediates the relationship between key organizational variables and solutions selling outcomes.Research limitations/implications – The paper is conceptual and requires empirical development.Originality/value – This paper describes key cognitive processes necessary for salespeople to succeed in today's solutions‐oriented, customer‐centric environment. The discussion should help sales scholars embark on new research into salesperson cognition.
Systematic Investigation of Trigonal-Bipyramidal Cyanide-Bridged Clusters of the First-Row Transition Metals

Reactions between [M‘III(CN)6]3- anions (M‘ = Co, Cr, or Fe) and mononuclear complexes of MII ions (M = Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, or Zn) produce a family of pentanuclear clusters {[M(tmphen)2]3[M‘(CN)6]2]}. The core of the clusters is formed by five metal ions that are bridged through six CN- linkers into a trigonal bipyramid, with M and M‘ ions occupying equatorial and axial positions of the bipyramid, respectively. Three of the CN- ligands from each M‘ center remain terminal and point toward the outside of the cluster, along the trigonal axes. Studies of magnetic coupling in the {[M(tmphen)2]3[Cr(CN)6]2]} family of clusters revealed a similarity between the observed magnetic exchange constants and the values estimated for the molecule-based magnets of the Prussian blue family. The type of the magnetic exchange varies across the series, changing from antiferromagnetic for M = Cr and Mn to ferromagnetic for M = Co and Ni. Complexes {[M(tmphen)2]3[Co(CN)6]2]}, which contain diamagnetic CoIII ions in the axial positi...
Geophysical and isotopic mapping of preexisting crustal structures that influenced the location and development of the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California

We examine the role of preexisting crustal structure within the Peninsular Ranges batholith on determining the location of the San Jacinto fault zone by analysis of geophysical anomalies and initial strontium ratio data. A 1000-km-long boundary within the Peninsular Ranges batholith, separating relatively mafic, dense, and magnetic rocks of the western Peninsular Ranges batholith from the more felsic, less dense, and weakly magnetic rocks of the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith, strikes north-northwest toward the San Jacinto fault zone. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic field anomalies caused by this boundary indicates that it extends to depths of at least 20 km. The anomalies do not cross the San Jacinto fault zone, but instead trend northwesterly and coincide with the fault zone. A 75-km-long gradient in initial strontium ratios (Sr i ) in the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith coincides with the San Jacinto fault zone. Here rocks east of the fault are characterized by Sr i greater than 0.706, indicating a source of largely continental crust, sedimentary materials, or different lithosphere. We argue that the physical property contrast produced by the Peninsular Ranges batholith boundary provided a mechanically favorable path for the San Jacinto fault zone, bypassing the San Gorgonio structural knot as slip was transferred from the San Andreas fault 1.0-1.5 Ma. Two historical M6.7 earthquakes may have nucleated along the Peninsular Ranges batholith discontinuity in San Jacinto Valley, suggesting that Peninsular Ranges batholith crustal structure may continue to affect how strain is accommodated along the San Jacinto fault zone.
Treatment technics in argon laser therapy

This study compares 50 msec and 200 msec laser pulses with continuous application of the argon laser to test sites within port-wine stains (PWS). It also assesses the effects of different irradiance, energy fluence, and spatial average energy fluence on PWS lightening. Test areas responded with diminution of lesional color and lack of scarring as well as or better than to laser treatment by continuous exposure. Despite differences in irradiance and energy fluence for each laser impulse, the total energy delivered to all test areas was similar. There appeared to be no greater specificity for destruction of vascular structures conferred by using the short, 50-msec pulse duration. Operation of the argon laser with continuous irradiation leads to good clinical results, is less tiring and easier for the laser surgeon, allows larger areas to be treated more quickly, and often produces less mottling and more uniform PWS lightening than does pulsed irradiation.
The yeast cloning vector YEp13 contains a tRNA3Leu gene that can mutate to an amber suppressor

We have shown that the yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector YEp13 contains, as part of its yeast chromosomal segment, a tRNALeu3 gene. We have also isolated and characterized a variant of YEp13 , namely YEp13 -a, which is capable of suppressing a variety of yeast amber-suppressible alleles in vivo. YEp13 -a differs from YEp13 by a single point mutation, which changes the three-nucleotide, plus-strand sequence corresponding to the tRNALeu3 anticodon from the normal C-A-A to C-T-A. This nucleotide change creates a site for the restriction enzyme XbaI in the suppressor tRNALeu3 gene. We have taken advantage of the correlation between the suppressor mutation and the XbaI site formation, to show that the tRNALeu3 gene on YEp13 corresponds to the genetically characterized yeast chromosomal amber suppressor SUP53 . We have also shown that SUP53 is located just centromere-distal to LEU2 on chromosome III. Finally, comparison of the DNA sequence of SUP53 and its flanking regions with the sequences of other cloned yeast tRNALeu3 genes has revealed considerable sequence homology in the immediate 5'-flanking regions of these genes.
Admission Criteria to APA-Accredited Programs in Counseling Psychology Over 10 Years Reflections of the Specialty's Values

This study was designed to investigate the extent to which the values of counseling psychology are present in the selection of applicants to counseling psychology doctoral programs and to determine the stability of these values over a 10-year period. A forced-choice paired comparison model revealed that preference for admissions criteria was relatively stable over time. Specifically, preference for an ethnic minority applicant was ranked first over a 10-year period followed by the research publication of an applicant and experience in counseling diverse populations. The present findings have implications for addressing the profession's evolving professional identity andfor the advising of doctoral applicants.
UREA CYCLE ADAPTATIONS IN INTACT AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS.

SummaryAdrenalectomy causes significant decreases in arginase and arginine synthetase activity, but has no effect on lactic acid dehydrogenase activity. All treatments known to increase protein catabolism increased the arginine synthetase activity. The results with arginase were not as clear cut as they also appeared to be affected by losses in weight. All changes in activity of the 3 enzymes, arginine synthetase, arginase. and lactic acid dehydrogenase, observed with various treatments in intact rats were also observed in adrenalectomized animals.The author would like to thank C. H. Sodikoff, R. V. Henrickson, and E. H. Avcry for technical assistance.
Undergraduate Technical and Professional Writing Programs: A Question of Status:

The results of our recent survey of the membership of the Association of Teachers of Technical Writing, Associated Writing Programs, and the Council of Writing Program Administration indicate the relative health of undergraduate writing programs (major, concentration, or certificate programs, not service courses) in American four-year universities and colleges. During the past five years there has been a significant increase in the number of undergraduate writing programs, including technical and professional writing. But responses to our survey also suggest that while undergraduate technical and professional writing programs comprise the second largest group of programs (behind creative writing) they are not increasing as rapidly as a new kind of undergraduate writing program−a broad-based program that students can complete by taking a wide range of creative writing, composition, journalism, and technical and professional writing courses. The future seems unclear for traditional undergraduate technical and professional writing programs, and faculties need to examine their options in designing or redesigning their programs
Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Halogenated 8-Hydroxyquinoline Compounds in Pharmaceuticals and Bulk Drugs

A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for determining iodochlorhydroxyquin, 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, and 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline in creams, ointments, shampoos, tablets, and bulk drugs. A column packed with 10-μm phenyl-silica and a mobile phase of 0.001 M NiCl2 in acetonitrile-methanol-water (30:20:50) was used to separate the nickel complexes of the three drugs, with detection at 273 nm. Analysis of creams, ointments, shampoos, and tablets gave results close to the label declarations. Recovery of standard material added to samples was ⩾98%. Linearity of response was shown over a range of 30-150% of label claim for standards of the three drug substances. Multiple analyses of iodochlorhydroxyquin and diiodohydroxyquinoline bulk drugs showed purities of 99.96 and 98.77% with CV of 1.17 and 0.73%, respectively. The HPLC method offers an alternative to current USP procedures, which lack stability-indicating and specificity characteristics.
On over-determined frequency domain BSS

This paper introduces two new frequency domain overdetermined blind source separation (BSS) algorithms: Inter-frequency Correlation with Microphone Diversity (ICMD), and ICA with Triggered Principal component analysis (ITP). In the first, we consider different sets of microphones, where in each set the number of microphones and sources are equal. In the second, we extract principal components from an overdetermined mixture to form a determined mixture for separation. Both techniques utilize inter-frequency correlation to align permutations via energy profiles. Both monitor the condition number of an inter-frequency cross-correlation matrix of the normalized de-mixed signals' envelopes to determine if separation has failed for the current ICA input configuration; if so, the input configuration is revised and efficiently realigned to produce a better mixture for separation. The complexities and performances of these algorithms are examined in both simulations and a real-room measurement, with three and five sources. They are also compared to other recent frequency domain BSS algorithms for benchmarking purposes. Results show that generally, ICMD and ITP show similar performance with each other and with one of the benchmarking algorithms. However, ICMD is more computationally efficient.
Nonlinear techniques in optical synthetic aperture radar image generation and target recognition

One of the most successful optical signal-processing applications to date has been the use of optical processors to convert synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data into images of the radar reflectivity of the ground. We have demonstrated real-time input to a high-space–bandwidth optical SAR image-generation system by using a dynamic organic holographic recording medium and SAR phase-history data. Real-time speckle reduction in optically processed SAR imagery has been accomplished by the use of multilook averaging to achieve nonlinear modulus-squared accumulation of subaperture images. We designed and assembled an all-optical system that accomplished real-time target recognition in SAR imagery. This system employed a simple square-law nonlinearity in the form of an optically addressed spatial light modulator at the SAR image plane to remove the effects of speckle phase profiles returned from complex SAR targets. The detection stage enabled the creation of an optical SAR automatic target recognition system as a nonlinear cascade of an optical SAR image generator and an optical correlator.
Current Drug Treatment and Treatment Patterns with Antihypertensive Drugs

The 4 major classes of antihypertensive drugs are diuretics, β-blockers, ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists. The diuretics have recently regained prominence, largely due to the results of recent controlled trials. These trials in elderly patients demonstrated that low-dose diuretics were effective not only in preventing stroke but also in greatly reducing coronary-related events. Diuretics also decrease left ventricular mass more than the other major drug classes. In addition, they are the most effective drugs for use in combination therapy. By contrast, the safety of calcium antagonists has recently been questioned because of reports of increased coronary morbidity and mortality. However, these adverse events may be restricted to the short-acting preparations, especially nifedipine, which causes cardiac stimulation. ACE inhibitors, like β-blockers, are not only effective in reducing blood pressure, particularly when combined with a diuretic, but also improve angina and decrease postinfarction mortality. They also benefit congestive heart failure, stabilise or improve renal function in hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy and reduce albuminuria. β-Blockers are especially effective in reducing sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease, particularly in postinfarction patients. Final proof of the relative effectiveness of these drugs in preventing morbidity and mortality must await the outcome of large comparative trials currently under way. A recent national survey in the US found that more than 75% of hypertensive patients did not have their hypertension completely controlled. Possible reasons for this disturbing statistic are discussed, along with suggestions for improvement.
Bile Salts as Semiochemicals in Fish

Bile salts are potent olfactory stimuli in fishes; however the biological functions driving such sensitivity remain poorly understood. We provide an integrative review of bile salts as semiochemicals in fish. First, we present characteristics of bile salt structure, metabolism, and function that are particularly relevant to chemical communication. Bile salts display a systematic pattern of structural variation across taxa, are efficiently synthesized, and are stable in the environment. Bile salts are released into the water via the intestine, urinary tract, or gills, and are highly water soluble. Second, we consider the potential role of bile salts as semiochemicals in the contexts of detecting nearby fish, foraging, assessing risk, migrating, and spawning. Lastly, we suggest future studies on bile salts as semiochemicals further characterize release into the environment, behavioral responses by receivers, and directly test the biological contexts underlying olfactory sensitivity.
The New Venice: Historians and Historiography in the 21st Century Lagoon

Although the Renaissance is typically most closely associated with the city of Florence, recent scholarship on the history of Venice provocatively calls this connection into question. While humanism and classicism have traditionally characterized the Renaissance in Florence, historians now argue that the vibrancy of early modern culture also resulted from inc reased cross-cultural interaction, the development of capitalism and markets, and the process of statebuilding. When one views the Renaissance in this light, Venice takes on a new importance in the early modern world as the epicenter from which the energies of the early modern world emanated. Recent Venetian scholarship also hotly debates a variety of other topics, such as gender and women's history and religious culture, all suggesting that the Venetian archives offer a particularly rich and abundant site at which to study the early modern world.
A Metazoan ATAC Acetyltransferase Subunit That Regulates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Is Related to an Ancient Molybdopterin Synthase Component

Molybdopterin (MPT) synthase is an essential enzyme involved in the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor precursor molybdopterin. The molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic pathway is conserved from prokaryotes to Metazoa. CG10238 is the Drosophila homolog of the MoaE protein, a subunit of MPT synthase, and is found in a fusion with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-upstream protein kinase-binding inhibitory protein (MBIP). This fused protein inhibits the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). dMoaE (CG10238) carries out this function as a subunit of the ATAC histone acetyltransferase complex. In this study, we demonstrate that Drosophila MoaE (CG10238) also interacts with Drosophila MoaD and with itself to form a complex with stoichiometry identical to the MPT synthase holoenzyme in addition to its function in ATAC. We also show that sequence determinants that regulate MAPK signaling are located within the MoaE region of dMoaE (CG10238). Analysis of other metazoan MBIPs reveals that MBIP protein sequences have an N-terminal region that appears to have been derived from the MoaE protein, although it has lost residues responsible for catalytic activity. Thus, intact and modified copies of the MoaE protein may have been conscripted to play a new, noncatalytic role in MAPK signaling in Metazoa as part of the ATAC complex.