cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capital, Crisis, and the Rise of Disney Fantasy

Though other dates might be argued for, Disney’s “The Three Little Pigs” from 1933 marks a turning point for Disney animation, away from the short cartoons animators filled with gags, and towards a cartoon that would tell a story complete with a rudimentary plot, and characters both good and evil. Four years before the release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, but some five years after Mickey Mouse’s first appearance on screen in “Steamboat Willie” (1928), Disney released “The Three Little Pigs.” Competitors, however, were not far behind. “The Three Little Pigs” marks an evolutionary moment in the history of Disney fantasy because of its attempt to tell a story with characters and a coherent plot. Though “Pigs” is rich with cartoon gags, narrative and storytelling represent the primary organizing principle of the cartoon. Long gone are the figures of rubber hose animation, or even the stark and simple figures from “Steamboat Willie.” In “The Three Little Pigs,” storytelling became the most important development in Disney animation, for Walt Disney began to understand the nature of his own desire—he wanted to reach his audience via humor and gags, yes, when appropriate, but more than that, he wanted to partake of the tradition of the fairy tale, the folk tale, and engage in a cartoon discourse that would offer a way for the audience to address—though comically—the “great truths of life.”
Comparing two models for measuring the neutron star equation of state from gravitational-wave signals

Observations of gravitational-wave signals from binary neutron-star mergers, like GW170817, can be used to constrain the neutron-star equation of state (EoS). One method involves modeling the EoS and measuring the model parameters through Bayesian inference. A previous study [B. D. Lackey and L. Wade, Phys. Rev. D 91, 043002 (2015)] has demonstrated the effectiveness of using a phenomenologically parameterized piecewise polytrope to extract constraining information from a simulated population of binary neutron-star mergers. Despite its advantages compared to more traditional methods of measuring the tidal deformability of neutron stars, notable deficiencies arise when using this EoS model. In this work, we describe in detail the implementation of a model built from a spectral decomposition of the adiabatic index that was used by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration [arXiv:1805.11581] to constrain the neutron-star EoS from GW170817. We demonstrate its overall consistency in recovering the neutron-star EoS from a simulated signal to the piecewise-polytropic implementation used by Lackey and Wade and explain any differences that arise. We find that both models recover consistent tidal information from the simulate signals with tightest constraints on the EoS around twice nuclear saturation density. As expected, the statistical error that arises in the piecewise-polytropic representation near the fixed joining densities is greatly reduced by using the spectral model. In addition, we find that our choice of prior can have a dominant effect on EoS constraints.
Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma Viruses

There are an estimated 40 million pet cats in the United States and approximately 2%, or 1 million cats, are infected with the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) (1). The virus is spread contagiously among pet cats and is the most frequent killer of cats among infectious disease microorganisms (1–4). FeLV causes both proliferative (neoplastic) and degenerative (blastopenic) diseases in cats living in household conditions (2,3). More FeLV-infected pet cats develop degenerative diseases than develop neoplastic diseases (1). Of all the retroviruses, the biology of FeLV has been most completely elucidated.
A New Calculation of Resonance Integrals

A new method for the calculation of resonance integrals for both homogeneous and heterogeneous assemblies has been developed and programmed for the IBM-7090. It consists in a direct numerical solut...
Some Strategies to Teach Reluctant Talkers to Talk About Law

Talking confidently about law is an important skill in legal practice, yet law teachers rarely devote much attention to developing students' oral skills when fluency does not come to them naturally. Learning to talk about law can be important to success within law school as well. There are many reasons why some students do not speak in class. Many people, both male and female, do not take naturally to public speaking. Even if law students intuitively grasp the importance of learning to talk about law, they often feel intimidated and distressed in the classroom and consequently are reluctant to speak in class. Some students do not recognize the value of learning to talk about law. Finally, there are cultural and political reasons why some students choose silence over participation; the relative silence of women is well documented. If learning to talk about law is important to success in law school and later in law practice, law teachers should put more emphasis on oral communication skills. This essay suggests several strategies for drawing out reluctant talkers. The underlying assumption is that repeated forays into public speaking about law will reduce the student's anxiety about each outing and the individual significance of each attempt. All of the suggestions outlined in this essay have helped me or other law teachers to get students into the habit of talking about law and all have been used or are adaptable for use in many different courses.
Using Signal Integrity Tools for EMC Analysis

Most high-speed printed circuit (PC) boards undergo some degree of signal integrity analysis by engineers using one or more commercial software tools. Engineers analyze the trace layout on the board to ensure the voltage waveform at the receiver meets the required specification for proper operation. Termination resistor values are changed, or even more extreme changes are made, so that the proper voltage waveform arrives at the receiver. Once the voltage waveform is acceptable, the analysis is complete. This can result in a wide range of termination resistor values being used on designs. The value of the termination resistor is not always optimized; as long as it works, it’s acceptable. The value of the termination resistor can have an enormous effect on the intentional current on the trace, however.
On the Nonconsistency of Maximum Likelihood Nonparametric Density Estimators

One criterion proposed in the literature for selecting the smoothing parameter(s) in RosenblattParzen nonparametric constant kernel estimators of a probability density function is a leave-out-one-at-a-time nonparametric maximum likelihood method. Empirical work with this estimator in the univariate case showed that it worked quite well for short tailed distributions. However, it drastically oversmoothed for long tailed distributions. In this paper it is shown that this nonparametric maximum likelihood method will not select consistent estimates of the density for long tailed distributions such as the double exponential and Cauchy distributions. A remedy which was found for estimating long tailed distributions was to apply the nonparametric maximum likelihood procedure to a variable kernel class of estimators. This paper considers one data set, which is a pseudo-random sample of size 100 from a Cauchy distribution, to illustrate the problem with the leave-out-one-at-a-time nonparametric maximum likelihood method and to illustrate a remedy to this problem via a variable kernel class of estimators.
Paratransit in African cities: operations, regulation, and reform

The book, Paratransit in African Cities is a more than timely comprehensive review, because in most African cities paratransit is the major form of public transport service available to residents. ...
Orthopedic surgeons’ views on the osteoporosis care gap and potential solutions: survey results

Osteoporosis is often not recognized until one or more fractures occur, yet post-fracture screening remains uncommon. Orthopedic surgeons are well situated to address this care gap. Both a protocol-based approach and fracture liaison services (FLS) have been proposed. The present surveys assess orthopedists’ attitudes to these alternative models for addressing this care gap. Two digital surveys were sent to all orthopedic surgeons and orthopedic midlevel providers at a large level 1 trauma center 1.5 years apart. Thirty-six of 47 survey recipients (77%) responded to the first survey; all 55 recipients (100%) responded to the second. Respondents recognized the importance of osteoporosis care, the inadequacy of current measures, and the potential of orthopedic surgeons to help address this gap. Respondents reported regular encounters with fragility fracture patients but limited familiarity with core aspects of osteoporosis screening and treatment, especially pharmacotherapy. While some respondents (40%) reported willingness to attempt a protocol-based approach to addressing this care gap, many others expressed reservations (60%) and support for a FLS-based approach was much higher (95%). A fracture liaison service model best fits the observed attitudes of orthopedic surgeons at this level 1 trauma center relative to a protocol-based approach. Protocol-based approaches may be preferable in alternate settings.
Barriers and facilitators to care for individuals with sickle cell disease in central North Carolina: The emergency department providers' perspective.

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder associated with acute pain crisis and other complications that lead to frequent emergency department (ED) visits. To improve outcomes, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) published recommendations for management of acute pain crisis. NHLBI also funded eight centers across the United States to participate in the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium. This six-year effort consists of two phases. Phase one involved conducting needs assessments of barriers and facilitators to SCD care. The aim of this study was to describe challenges and facilitators to caring for SCD from the perspective of ED providers in central North Carolina (NC). Methods and findings We conducted a needs assessment survey with ED providers throughout NC. We also conducted focus groups and an interview with ED providers from three healthcare facilities in central NC. One hundred and eleven surveys (60.6% physicians, 26% registered nurses, 13.5% physician assistants) were completed and 13 providers participated in 3 focus groups and 1 interview. Slightly more than half (50. 4%) utilized individualized dosing protocols to treat sickle cell pain. Only 32.4% of the providers were aware of the NHLBI SCD recommendations. Barriers to care from the survey included: patient behavior (67.57%), the opioid epidemic (67.57%), overcrowding (64.86%), and concern about addiction (49.55%). Perceived barriers to care identified in the focus groups and interview included: high patient volumes, lack of SCD care protocols, poor communication among providers and stigma. Facilitators to care included: individualized pain plans, comfort prescribing opioids and electronic medical records. Conclusion SCD care is influenced by many factors. Our results illuminate the need for increased use of the NHLBI SCD recommendations, individualized pain protocols, and use of electronic medical records and other care-interventions, specifically geared towards improving provider knowledge and mitigating provider bias.
Strictinin, a novel ROR1-inhibitor, represses triple negative breast cancer survival and migration via modulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK3ß activity.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, is characterized by the absence of hormone receptors usually targeted by hormone therapies like Tamoxifen. Because therapy success and survival rates for TNBC lag far behind other breast cancer subtypes, there is significant interest in developing novel anti-TNBC agents that can target TNBC specifically, with minimal effects on non-malignant tissue. To this aim, our study describes the anti-TNBC effect of strictinin, an ellagitanin previously isolated from Myrothamnus flabellifolius. Using various in silico and molecular techniques, we characterized the mechanism of action of strictinin in TNBC. Our results suggest strictinin interacts strongly with Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Orphan like 1 (ROR1). ROR1 is an oncofetal receptor highly expressed during development but not in normal adult tissue. It is highly expressed in several human malignancies however, owing to its numerous pro-tumor functions. Via its interaction and inhibition of ROR1, strictinin reduced AKT phosphorylation on ser-473, inhibiting downstream phosphorylation and inhibition of GSK3β. The reduction in AKT phosphorylation also correlated with decreased cell survival and activation of the caspase-mediated intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Strictinin treatment also repressed cell migration and invasion in a beta-catenin independent manner, presumably via the reactivated GSK3s’s repressing effect on microtubule polymerization and focal adhesion turnover. This could be of potential therapeutic interest considering heightened interest in ROR1 and other receptor tyrosine kinases as targets for development of anti-cancer agents. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in other ROR1-expressing malignancies but also in more systemic models of TNBC. Our findings do however underline the potential of strictinin and other ROR1-targeting agents as therapeutic tools to reduce TNBC proliferation, survival and motility.
Comparative effectiveness of surgery versus external beam radiation with/without brachytherapy in intermediate and high-risk localized prostate cancer.

e16602Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) and definitive radiation with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are both standard of care options for intermediate and high-risk localized prostate can...
Detection of Subclinical Diabetic Retinopathy by Fine Structure Analysis of Retinal Images.

Background and Objective. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among US working-age adults. Detection of subclinical DR is important for disease monitoring and prevention of damage to the retina before occurrence of vision loss. The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe an automated method for discrimination of subclinical DR using fine structure analysis of retinal images. Methods. Discrimination between nondiabetic control (NC; N = 16) and diabetic without clinical retinopathy (NDR; N = 17) subjects was performed using ordinary least squares regression and Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis. A human observer also performed the discrimination by visual inspection of the images. Results. The discrimination rate for subclinical DR was 88% using the automated method and higher than the rate obtained by a human observer which was 45%. Conclusions. The method provides sensitive and rapid analysis of retinal images and could be useful in detecting subclinical DR.
Modeling of direct tunneling current through interfacial SiO/sub 2/ and high-K gate stacks

As MOSFET device dimensions continue to scale down, a SiO/sub 2/ gate of less than 2.0 nm is required. At these thicknesses, a large direct tunneling current will flow between the gate electrode and the silicon substrate, which increase standby power consumption and reduces device performance. Therefore, high-K gate dielectrics with equivalent oxide thickness but larger physical thickness have been investigated as replacements for SiO/sub 2/. In this work, quantum mechanical calculations are employed for the inversion layer in p-type Si substrates and a modified WKB approximations for the transmission probability to model direct tunneling currents.
Compensation and Sales Performance of Service Personnel: A Service Transaction Perspective

This paper advances and tests an exploratory model which seeks to assess the relative influence of sales performance expectations of service personnel on customer perceptions of the transaction exp...
Endodontic therapy and incident cardiovascular disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Objectives Previous studies on a potential association between endodontic infection (EI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) produced mixed results. Endodontic treatment (ET) may also be linked to cardiovascular risk, as a marker for prior chronic dental infection and subclinical EI in other teeth. We tested the hypothesis that ET is associated with elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke (IS), heart failure (HF), or venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods ARIC participants who completed the dental ancillary study exam 4 (1996-1998; n = 6,638) were included in the analyses. Participants were followed through 2013 for CHD, stroke, and HF and 2011 for VTE. Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CHD, IS, HF, and VTE across ET classifications adjusting for age, sex, race/center, education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, statin use, family history of CHD, physical activity, diet quality, insurance status, last dental visit, dental visit frequency, having a current dentist, and tooth loss due to gum disease. Results Among participants, 21.0% reported a single ET, while 28.5% reported multiple ETs. Over a median of 15.8 years of follow-up, there were 506 incident CHD events, 311 IS events, 739 HF events, and 219 VTE events. There were no significant associations between self-reported history of ET and any of our outcomes (HR (95%CI): CHD = 1.16 (0.87,1.44), IS = 0.77 (0.55,1.09), HF = 1.00 (0.81,1.24), VTE = 0.98 (0.67,1.43)) after adjustment. Conclusions Our results do not support an independent association between ET and development of CHD, IS, HF, or VTE.
3D Printed Microfluidic Actuation System for Multi-step Paper-based Assays

We present a novel 3D printed Microfluidic Actuation System for lateral flow assay in low resource settings. The system is used to deliver reagents for multi-step assays from blisters placed into cavities in the 3D printed assembly. The system is operated by manually depressing the blister housing and rotating to the next blister location. This is repeated for each step in the assay to enable a simple and repeatable method of delivering specified volumes to the assay at arbitrary time intervals as required by the assay. The blisters provide for robust storage while maintaining consistent aliquots for the assay. We characterize the percent of the total volume delivered to the lateral flow assay from the blisters including the volume dispensed at given time intervals.
A Dilemma in the Communication of a UAV with its Controller

In this paper, we investigate a dilemma of employing silent mode and communication mode by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in communication with its controller. In many applications, a UAV communi...
Blind men and the elephant: one view of the field of migration studies

There are many ways to conceive and represent the field of migration studies. The CrossMigration article provides us with a broad overview to help us understand and contribute to the field’s development. This article explores a number of additional and complementary views drawn from the field-building activities of the Social Science Research Council between 1994 and 2014. (Source: Charles Maurice Stebbins & Mary H. Coolidge, Golden Treasury Readers: Primer, American Book Co., New York, 1909, p. 89. For the story of the “Blind Men and the Elephant,” see pp. 87-91: https://books.google.com/books?id=_dIAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false: )
Machine Learning Approach to Assign Protein Secondary Structure Elements from Cα Trace

Secondary structure elements in protein molecules refer to local sub-conformational regions stabilized by hydrogen bonding. Secondary structure elements can be divided into helical, sheet, or loop. Secondary structure elements bolster the folding and topology of the protein. They are important for modern structural bioinformatics such as protein modeling and functional analysis. Therefore, assigning the types of secondary structures in proteins is crucial. Many methods have been developed to address the problem. Methods can be categorized into two approaches. One approach uses the information about hydrogen bonding and energy while the other approach uses protein trace geometry. If the information of some atoms is missing, the second approach is more feasible. In this paper, we develop a machine learning method that belongs to the second approach to assign secondary structure elements. We develop a 3-state machine learning classifier. The classifier uses protein’s Ca information only. The classifier ensembles four (4) machine learning models: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting. The classifier is trained with 600K amino acids. We tested our classifier at two different data sets. One data set contains 150K amino acids. The accuracy of our system was 94.6%. In addition, the classifier was tested on a set of 20 protein structures and compared with PCASSO from the same category. The information from Protein Data Bank was used as a reference. The comparison shows that our method can produce assignments that are more aligned with PDB at 93% accuracy while PCASSO achieved S4% accuracy.
Morbidity and Mortality Trends of Pancreatitis: An Observational Study.

Background: Pancreatitis accounts for more than $2.5 billion of healthcare costs and remains the most common gastrointestinal (GI) admission. Few contemporary studies have assessed temporal trends ...
Deviant and Normal Social Development

The child’s adaptation and development of various aspects of his personality are dependent upon the availability of a group of well-tested coping mechanisms and viable strategies provided in the social network. Their need for social survival makes it necessary for parents to help induct the child into the social milieu through encouragement, direct teaching, and even coercion. The innate impetus for socialization compels the child to accept what is offered, learn what is exhibited, and actively select from what is present. Gradually the child’s unique personality is shaped, and a complex psychological being is created. On the other hand, incorporating each new individual into the social network confronts the system with a new challenge. As the social system shapes the child’s personality, it is in turn modified by him. This reciprocal interaction prevents the fossilization of the social network, and assures the guided development of each individual’s psychology.
Analyzing safety and fault tolerance using time Petri nets

The application of Time Petri net modelling and analysis techniques to safety-critical real-time systems is explored and procedures described which allow analysis of safety, recoverability, and faulttolerance. These procedures can be used to help determine software requirements, to guide the use of fault detection and recovery procedures, to determine conditions which require immediate mitigating action to prevent accidents, etc. Thus it is possible to establish important properties during the synthesis of the system and software design instead of using guesswork and costly a posteriori analysis.
Dynamic Delegation: Shared, Hierarchical, and Deindividualized Leadership in Extreme Action Teams:

This paper examines the leadership of extreme action teams—teams whose highly skilled members cooperate to perform urgent, unpredictable, interdependent, and highly consequential tasks while simultaneously coping with frequent changes in team composition and training their teams' novice members. Our qualitative investigation of the leadership of extreme action medical teams in an emergency trauma center revealed a hierarchical, deindividualized system of shared leadership. At the heart of this system is dynamic delegation: senior leaders' rapid and repeated delegation of the active leadership role to and withdrawal of the active leadership role from more junior leaders of the team. Our findings suggest that dynamic delegation enhances extreme action teams' ability to perform reliably while also building their novice team members' skills. We highlight the contingencies that guide senior leaders' delegation and withdrawal of the active leadership role, as well as the values and structures that motivate and ...
Bank Liability Under the Anti-Terrorism Act: Dispelling the 'Routine Banking Services' Defense in Material Support Cases

This article evaluates civil liability for financial institutions that provide material support to terrorist organizations. Part I of this article analyzes the development of the ATA and related legislation proscribing material support to terrorist groups, highlighting the evolving statutory construction by looking to the body of case law surrounding lawsuits against the terrorist support network. Part II examines the issue of terrorist financing generally, taking into consideration the challenges facing financial institutions. Finally, Part III analyzes the term "financial services" in the context of material support prohibitions, referencing the ongoing litigation against financial institutions under the ATA. Using the lawsuit filed on behalf of Daniel Pearl as a case study, this article concludes that a broad interpretation of the statute is not only in line with the legislative intent of the ATA, but is also the only way in which it can be effective in halting terrorist financing.
Obstetric and fetal complications in folate-deficient adolescent girls☆

Abstract Folate deficiency of the mother has been implicated in several obstetric complications and low birth weight or malformation of the fetus. A prospective study of 163 pregnant girls less than 16 years of age was undertaken. None of the patients had third-trimester bleeding, abruptio placentae, or malformations of the fetus. The incidence of prematurity of the infants was almost identical in the normal and subnormal folate groups of mothers. Dietary intake of folate was less than 50 per cent of the recommended dietary allowance in 90.4 per cent of the patients, and 52 per cent of the girls took less than 10 per cent of recommended folate. It is concluded that adolescent girls ingest inadequate amounts of dietary folate but that this and low blood folate values are not significant factors in obstetric complications of young pregnant adolescents.
Delivering on Poststructural Ontologies: Epistemological Challenges and Strategies

The purpose of this article is to introduce and clarify the logic of the ensuing group of three papers, which derive from a graduate seminar I taught in spring 2011 that engaged research strategies as they connect with particular strands of poststructural ontological principles. Reflecting research at different stages, the three papers nonetheless converge on non-essentialist, non-totalizing, nonrelativist, ground up research strategies to identify, problematize, contextualize, and explain multiple, often conflicting truths. This article also seeks to clarify the intellectual heritage of the critical epistemology embraced here and in the ensuing articles, specifically tapping Foucauldian thinking and poststructuralist feminism.
Dimensional Synthesis and Constrained Motion Interpolation for Planar and Spherical 6R Closed Chains

In the recent past, we have studied the problem of synthesizing rational interpolating motions under the kinematic constraints of any given planar and spherical 6R closed chain. This work presents some preliminary results on our initial attempt to solve the inverse problem, that is to determine the link lengths of planar and spherical 6R closed chains that follow a given smooth piecewise rational motion under the kinematic constraints. The kinematic constraints under consideration are workspace related constraints that limit the position of the links of planar and spherical closed chains in the Cartesian space. By using kinematic mapping and a quaternions based approach to represent displacements of the coupler of the closed chains, the given smooth piecewise rational motion is mapped to a smooth piecewise rational curve in the space of quaternions. In this space, the aforementioned workspace constraints on the coupler of the closed chains define a constraint manifold representing all the positions available to the coupler. Thus the problem of dimensional synthesis may be solved by modifying the size, shape and location of the constraint manifolds such that the mapped rational curve is contained entirely inside the constraint manifolds. In this paper, two simple examples with preselected moving pivots on the coupler as well as fixed pivots are presented to illustrate the feasibility of this approach.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Discrete-Bond Ising Spin Glass on the Face-Centered Cubic Lattice

We explore the behavior of the nearest-neighbor Ising spin glass with discrete bonds (± J) on the face-centered cubic lattice using both Monte Carlo simulations and high-temperature expansions. A phase transition to a spin glass phase is found in zero magnetic field (H) at a nonzero temperature (T = Tc), with critical exponents close to that for the simple cubic lattice. In the (H, T)-plane, the contours of constant spin glass susceptibility show an upturn towards higher H at the lowest T, consistent with the possibility of a de Almeida-Thouless line of phase transitions in a field. Further, the upturn is similar to those on the simple cubic lattice and less pronounced than on the four-dimensional hypercubic lattice, despite the higher coordination number of the f.c.c. lattice, suggesting that the upturn is a dimension-related property.
Comparative evaluation of gastrointestinal blood loss in the feces of rats following pepto-bismol liquid and aspirin administration

Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) can irritate the gastrointestinal tract of man and of animals ultimately resulting in hemorrhagic erosions and ulcers. Since Pepto-Bismol liquid also contains salicylates (primarily bismuth subsalicylate), the relative sensitivity of the GI tract of the rat to hemorrhage and subsequent blood loss in response to Pepto-Bismol and to aspirin was determined. The appearance of blood in the feces of male Sprague-Dawley rats 22 hr after the peroral administration of aspirin or Pepto-Bismol at equivalent salicylate doses was measured spectrophotometrically using the modified benzidine assay. Aspirin, administered in total salicylate doses of 38.4, 57.5, 76.7 or 153 mg/kg caused a dose-dependent increase in blood loss ranging from 53 to 276 μl/kg body weight, the latter 2 values being significantly different from control. Pepto-Bismol at total salicylate doses of 38.4, 57.5 or 76.7 mg/kg failed to cause blood loss. Neither Pepto-Bismol nor aspirin obscured recovery of orally-dosed blood in rat feces. The sensitivity of the benzidine assay allowed for the quantitative assessment of 5 μl or less blood per gram of feces. It was concluded that at equivalent salicylate dose levels, Pepto-Bismol, unlike aspirin, did not cause a dose-dependent increase in blood in the feces of rats, suggesting that salicylates should not be collectively categorized as inducing gastric mucosal damage.
Interpretation of electric field effects in EPR of Gd3+ in SrTiO3

Abstract The electric field effects in EPR of Gd3+ substitutional for Sr2+ in SrTiO3 observed by Unoki and Sakudo below 65°K, especially the rotation of the magnetic axes are shown to be compatible with the accepted I 4/mcm structure existing below the strutural transition at 105°K and the dielectric properties of the crystal.
Analysis of Genetically Modified Canola Varieties by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometric and Flame Ionization Detection

Abstract Canola oil triacylglycerols from genetically modified canola lines were conclusively identified by reverse phase HPLC coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric (APCI-MS) detection. APCI-MS is a soft ionization technique, which gave simple spectra for triacylglycerols. Spectral identification of the triacylglycerols was based on the diacylglycerol fragments and on the protonated molecular ion [M+H]+, except trisaturates which gave no [M+H]+. Triacylglycerols were identified and quantitated in normal, high stearic acid and high lauric acid canola varieties by the RP-HPLC/APCI-MS technique. The LC/APCI-MS identification of canola oil triacylglycerols allowed their quantitation by reverse phase HPLC coupled with a commercial flame ionization detector (FID). There was agreement between fatty acid composition obtained by LC/APCI-MS and LC-FID. However, the triacylglycerol resolution obtained by LC/APCI-MS, was superior to LC-FID in the qualitative identification of triacy...
Status-Role Consequences of Internal-External Control of Reinforcement

-Referring to the work of Rotter, a relationship between a generalized expectancy for internal-external control (I-E) and task leadership status was hypothesized. Employing an experimental design of threeand four-member groups subdivided by I-E score and sex, Ss were requested to write group papers due later, at which time the task leadership was measured. Task leaders tended to show a belief in internal control and followers a belief in external control. The relationship was accenmated within single-sex groups and with extreme I-E Ss.
Fragmentation of cationized phosphotyrosine containing peptides by atmospheric pressure MALDI/Ion trap mass spectrometry

An investigation of phosphate loss from sodium-cationized phosphotyrosine containing peptide ions was conducted using liquid infrared (2.94 µm) atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP MALDI) coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). Previous experiments in our laboratory explored the fragmentation patterns of protonated phosphotyrosine containing peptides, which experience a loss of 98 Da under CID conditions in the ITMS. This loss of 98 Da is unexpected for phosphotyrosine, given the structure of its side chain. Phosphate loss from phosphotyrosine residues seems to be dependent on the presence of arginine or lysine residues in the peptide sequence. In the absence of a basic residue, the protonated phosphotyrosine peptides do not undergo losses of HPO3 (Δ 80 Da) nor HPO3 + H2O (Δ 98 Da) in their CID spectra. However, sodium cationized phosphotyrosine containing peptides that do not contain arginine or lysine residues within their sequences do undergo losses of HPO3 (Δ 80 Da) and HPO3 + H2O (Δ 98 Da) in their CID spectra.
Thermodynamics of metal ion binding. 1. Metal ion binding by wild-type carbonic anhydrase.

Understanding the energetic consequences of molecular structure in aqueous solution is a prerequisite to the rational design of synthetic motifs with predictable properties. Such properties include ligand binding and the collapse of polymer chains into discrete three-dimensional structures. Despite advances in macromolecular structure determination, correlations of structure with high-resolution thermodynamic data remain limited. Here we compare thermodynamic parameters for the binding of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) to human carbonic anhydrase II. These calorimetrically determined values are interpreted in terms of high-resolution X-ray crystallographic data. While both zinc and cobalt are bound with a 1:1 stoichiometry, CAII binds two copper ions. Considering only the high-affinity site, there is a diminution in the enthalpy of binding through the series Co(II) → Zn(II) → Cu(II) that mirrors the enthalpy of hydration; this observation reinforces the notion that the thermodynamics of solute association wit...
Living with achondroplasia: attitudes toward population screening and correlation with quality of life.

Objectives Since the discovery of the gene that causes achondroplasia, population-wide prenatal screening for this condition has become a possibility. This study sought to assess attitudes toward screening for achondroplasia and correlation with quality of life in a population of individuals affected with achondroplasia and first-degree relatives. Methods Surveys were collected from 189 individuals affected with achondroplasia and 136 average-statured first-degree relatives. Results While 87% of all respondents would support the use of prenatal screening by affected parents at risk of having a fetus with the homozygous, lethal form of achondroplasia, 29% would support general population prenatal screening for achondroplasia. Attitudes supporting general population screening were more likely to be held by those people with less education, who were affected with achondroplasia, who supported abortion, and who believed that achondroplasia is a serious condition without any accompanying advantages (p < 0.01). Those respondents who felt positively toward offering the prenatal test for individuals at risk for homozygous achondroplasia were more likely to have lower mean quality of life scores and to support abortion in general (p < 0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that opinions about prenatal screening are heterogeneous within this study population and are related to individuals' experiences and perceptions of the condition. Future research is needed to assess attitudes toward population screening and quality of life in communities of individuals affected with genetic conditions, both to support policy decisions and to inform the education and counseling provided in the prenatal setting. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilinear modal representations for reduced-order modeling of localized piecewise-linear oscillators

Abstract A novel reduced-order modeling method for vibration problems of elastic structures with localized piecewise-linearity is proposed. The focus is placed upon solving nonlinear forced response problems of elastic media with contact nonlinearity, such as cracked structures and delaminated plates. The modeling framework is based on observations of the proper orthogonal modes computed from nonlinear forced responses and their approximation by a truncated set of linear normal modes with special boundary conditions. First, it is shown that a set of proper orthogonal modes can form a good basis for constructing a reduced-order model that can well capture the nonlinear normal modes. Next, it is shown that the subspace spanned by the set of dominant proper orthogonal modes can be well approximated by a slightly larger set of linear normal modes with special boundary conditions. These linear modes are referred to as bi-linear modes, and are selected by an elaborate methodology which utilizes certain similarities between the bi-linear modes and approximations for the dominant proper orthogonal modes. These approximations are obtained using interpolated proper orthogonal modes of smaller dimensional models. The proposed method is compared with traditional reduced-order modeling methods such as component mode synthesis, and its advantages are discussed. Forced response analyses of cracked structures and delaminated plates are provided for demonstrating the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Lipids and surface tension of extracts of normal and oxygen-treated guinea pig lungs

Extracts of normal lung contain a surface-active substance which probably helps to stabilize the air spaces. Detailed lipid analysis of these extracts was made. The effect of prolonged administration of 100 per cent oxygen sufficient to produce pulmonary edema was studied in guinea pigs. In spite of the presence of severe edema, the surface tension and the lipid composition did not change significantly from those of control animals. The data indicate that it is unlikely that the pulmonary edema observed following oxygen administration is the result of alteration of the surface-active material.
Postdialysis albumin: a better nutrition marker in pediatric hemodialysis patients?

Abstract Background Prehemodialysis serum albumin is considered an important indicator of nutritional status in pediatric hemodialysis (HD) patients. Study aim To determine whether serum albumin levels changed significantly from predialysis to postdialysis, and correlated with fluid changes over HD treatment. Methods We prospectively measured pre-HD and post-HD albumin levels in 9 pediatric patients (ages 10 to 20 years; mean age, 16.3 years) on HD over an 8-month period. Changes in weight and albumin over 45 HD treatments were compared. Results A total of 66.7% of pre-HD and 100% of post-HD albumin levels were within the normal range. Post-HD albumin was significantly higher than pre-HD in 42 of 45 observations (Mean, 4.7 ± 0.39 g/dL versus 3.8 ± 0.37; P r = 0.741, P r = 0.764, P Conclusions Serum albumin levels increase significantly postdialysis and inversely correlate with fluid removal. Pre-HD albumin level may not be a valid indicator of protein status because of the confounding effect of interdialytic weight gain, and may instead be a marker for fluid overload. Further studies are needed to assess the value of postdialysis albumin level as an indicator of nutritional status in pediatric HD patients.
Advanced paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies of iron-sulfur proteins: Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM).

Abstract The advanced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques, electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopies, provide unique insights into the structure, coordination chemistry, and biochemical mechanism of nature's widely distributed iron–sulfur cluster (FeS) proteins. This review describes the ENDOR and ESEEM techniques and then provides a series of case studies on their application to a wide variety of FeS proteins including ferredoxins, nitrogenase, and radical SAM enzymes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fe/S proteins: Analysis, structure, function, biogenesis and diseases.
More than mindfulness: When you have a tiger by the tail, let it eat you.

The matters discussed in the target article are important. Some of the key ideas in mindfulness based psychotherapy and research are radically different from our cultural (and perhaps human) assump...
Do TREC web collections look like the web

We measure the WT10g test collection, used in the TREC-9 and TREC 2001 Web Tracks, and the .GOV test collection used in the TREC 2002 Web and Interactive Tracks, with common measures used in the web topology community, in order to see if these collections "look like" the web. This is not an idle question; characteristics of the web, such as power law relationships, diameter, and connected components have all been observed within the scope of general web crawls, constructed by blindly following links. The .GOV collection is a fairly straightforward 18GB crawl of sites in the .gov domain. In contrast, WT10g was carved out from a much larger crawl specifically to be a web search test collection within the reach of university researchers. Do such collections retain the properties of the larger web? In the case of WT10g and .GOV, yes.
Vagal innervation of the aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons in the NTS

Abstract The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) contains a unique subpopulation of aldosterone-sensitive neurons. These neurons express the enzyme 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) and are activated by sodium deprivation. They are located in the caudal NTS, a region which is densely innervated by the vagus nerve, suggesting that they could receive direct viscerosensory input from the periphery. To test this possibility, we injected the highly sensitive axonal tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the left nodose ganglion in rats. Using confocal microscopy, we observed a sparse input from the vagus to most HSD2 neurons. Roughly 80% of the ipsilateral HSD2 neurons exhibited at least one close contact with a BDA-labeled vagal bouton, although most of these cells received only a few total contacts. Most of these contacts were axo-dendritic (∼ 80%), while ∼ 20% were axo-somatic. In contrast, the synaptic vesicular transporters VGLUT2 or GAD7 labeled much larger populations of boutons contacting HSD2-labeled dendrites and somata, suggesting that direct input from the vagus may only account for a minority of the information integrated by these neurons. In summary, the aldosterone-sensitive HSD2 neurons in the NTS appear to receive a small amount of direct viscerosensory input from the vagus nerve. The peripheral sites of origin and functional significance of this projection remain unknown. Combined with previously-identified central sources of input to these cells, the present finding indicates that the HSD2 neurons integrate humoral information with input from a variety of neural afferents.
Results of a beam test using scintillating fibers and solid state photodetectors

ABSTRACT A 96-channel, 3-superlayer scintillating fiber tracking system has been tested in a 5 0eV/c ir beam. The scintillating fibers were 830 jim in diameter, spaced 850 jm apart within a layer, and4.3 m in length. These were coupled to 6 m long clear waveguides and finally to Visible LightPhoton Counters (VLPCs). A spatial resolution of ' 150 jim for a double-layered ribbon was achieved with this tracking system.. 1. INTRODUCTION A scintillating fiber is an optical fiber with a doped core and one or more claddings. Its coreemits light upon the passage of a ch&ged particle. A fraction of the light (3 to 4%) is captured inthe fiber and propagates to a clear waveguide, and finally to a photodetector. A system of manyfibers in known locations can be used to track charged particles. The photodetector of choice isthe Visible Light Photon Counter1 (VLPC), a solid state photodetector which has high quantum efficiency (55% to 85%), moderate gain (#*s 2 x 10'), and fast time response. However, VLPCs mustbe operated at low temperature (6—10 K).A scintillating fiber tracking system has many attractive features: (1) It has good spatial reso-lution as a result of the small scintifiating fiber diameter. (2) The small diameter ('s
The minimal Laplacian spectral radius of trees with given matching number

Let denote the set of trees on vertices with fixed matching number . In this paper, the tree with minimal Laplacian spectral radius over is determined, where is an integer greater than one i.e. a conjecture posed by Feng et al. is proved (see [Feng LH, Li Q, Zhang XD. Minimizing the Laplacian spectral radius of trees with given matching number. Linear and Multilinear Algebra. 2007;55:199–207]).
Gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins in human milk and colostrum.

Abstract 1. 1. Protein patterns of skim milk and fat globule phases were relatively unchanging throughout 9 months lactation, the only notable differences being a rise in lysozyme and a decline up to 6 months with increase thereafter in lactoferrin. 2. 2. Profound changes in protein patterns of the breast secretion were observed during the first week postpartum. 3. 3. True colostrum, in which peptides of sIgA dominate the protein patterns, exists for at most the 2 initial days of secretion. 4. 4. Proteins of mature milk are not coordinated to appear in the colostral secretion simultaneously. A band corresponding to α-lactalbumin is present from the initial secretion; that for β-casein emerges approximately 2 days layer.
The perturbations of line frequencies in high-J manifolds of the ν3 band of SF6

Abstract In the diode laser spectra of several P - and R -branches of high- J manifolds in the ν 3 band of SF 6 it has been observed that the lines are shifted away from the positions predicted by the diagonal F A 1 pp (4, R , R ) approximation of Moret-Bailly. The shifts form a smooth function of the line positions across each manifold; this function can be represented empirically by a parabola, to which the measured wavenumbers fit within experimental accuracy. This phenomenon is explained here by model calculations for P -, Q -, and R -branch excited state levels that perturb each other through higher-order vibration-rotation interactions. In the analysis, eigenvalues calculated by second-order perturbation theory are compared with those obtained by diagonalization of the Hamiltonian.