cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robust and Efficient Fitting of Loss Models

Abstract We consider robust and efficient fitting of claim severity models whose parameters are estimated using the method of trimmed moments, which was recently introduced by Brazauskas, Jones, and Zitikis. In this article we take the “next” step by going beyond the theory and simulations. We address important issues that arise in practical application of the method. Specifically, we introduce two graphical diagnostic tools that can be used to choose the trimming proportions and hence help one to decide on the appropriate trade-off between robustness and efficiency. What is equally important, such tools are useful in model selection, for assessing the overall goodness of model fit, and for identification of outliers. Some insights about the choice between a “good” fit and an “even better” fit and its impact on risk evaluations are provided. Data analysis and illustrations are performed using real data that represent the total damage done by 827 fires in Norway for the year 1988.
Evidence for Size-Sieving Driven Vapor Sorption and Diffusion in a Glassy Polybenzoxazole Exhibiting Configurational Free Volume

This paper reports, for the first time, the effect of configurational free volume (i.e., triptycene units) on condensable vapor transport in polymers. Alcohol and water vapor solubility and diffusi...
Spin and orbital angular momentum of the proton

Since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration there has been considerable progress in unravelling the distribution of spin and orbital angular momentum within the proton. We review the current status of the problem, showing that not only have strong upper limits have been placed on the amount of polarized glue in the proton but that the experimental determination of the spin content has become much more precise. It is now clear that the origin of the discrepancy between experiment and the naive expectation of the fraction of spin carried by the quarks and anti-quarks in the proton lies in the non-perturbative structure of the proton. We explain how the features expected in a modern, relativistic and chirally symmetric description of nucleon structure naturally explain the current data. The consequences of this explanation for the presence of orbital angular momentum on quarks and gluons is reviewed and comparison made with recent results from lattice QCD and experimental data.
Trust formation in outsourcing relationships: A social exchange theoretic perspective

Abstract Manufacturing and services outsourcing has grown from being a simple cost reduction mechanism to a sophisticated initiative enhancing a firm's capabilities. Of utmost importance in these outsourcing relationships is trust, which is the focus of the present study. Drawing on social exchange theory, we hypothesize about antecedents to trust formation in buyer–supplier relationships; specifically, we consider the exchange relationship aspects of process integration, contract flexibility and cultural understanding. We further hypothesize about the contingent, moderating role of process integration on the relationships between contract flexibility and trust, and between cultural understanding and trust. We suggest that the relationship would weaken for contract flexibility, but would strengthen for cultural understanding. These hypotheses are tested with data collected from 177 outsourcing ventures. Implications for research and practice are highlighted.
Why all the changes

Purpose – The events of September 11, 2001 heightened the awareness of supply chain professionals to the threat of man‐made disasters on the security of supply chains. According to institutional theory, the environment in which an organization operates creates pressures (normative, coercive, and mimetic) to adopt “institutionalized” norms and practices in order to be perceived as “legitimate.” Using an institutional theory perspective, this paper identifies and explores the environmental drivers that motivate firms to engage in supply chain security (SCS) practices to thwart man‐made supply chain disasters.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research in the form of 19 depth interviews with mid‐to‐high level supply chain management professionals is conducted.Findings – The findings of the qualitative research indicate that four primary drivers of SCS exist: government, customers, competitors, and society. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.Research limitations/implications ...
The Critical Constants of Normal Alkanes From Methane to Polyethylene: II. Application of the Flory Theory

Abstract This paper examines the latest recommendations by Ambrose (on behalf of IUPAC) for the critical constants of normal alkanes, with the primary goal of extrapolating to very large normal alkanes such as linear polyethylene. The Flory theory has been modified slightly and applied to the correlation of the critical constants. The theory treats all three critical constants on an internally-consistent basis, which is a clear theoretical advance relative to previous work. Inclusion of the chain-length variation in the critical properties of normal alkanes makes it possible to establish the limiting values for critical temperature, pressure, and density. These limiting values are more credible than those predicted by “power” or “exponential” laws, which lack theoretical foundation and may be unsuitable for extrapolation.
Novel phosphorylation sites of eukaryotic initiation factor-4F and evidence that phosphorylation stabilizes interactions of the p25 and p220 subunits.

Only serine phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-4E (eIF-4E) has been previously reported in intact cells. We found that treatment of HepG2 cells with okadaic acid resulted in as much as 20% of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-4E phosphorylation occurring on threonine residues and that tryptic phosphopeptide maps showed several previously unrecognized phosphopeptides. Analysis of p220 from control and okadaic acid-treated cells demonstrated serine and threonine phosphorylation under both conditions. However, a unique pattern of phosphopeptides in okadaic acid-treated cells was observed. The most notable finding was that hyperphosphorylation of eIF-4E and p220 increased binding of p220 but not eIF-4E to the m7GTP cap structure. We suggest that phosphorylation of eIF-4E is more complicated than previously recognized and that hyperphosphorylation of eIF-4E and p220 recruits more p220 into the protein complex that associates with mRNA caps. A better understanding of these protein-protein and protein-mRNA interactions may aid the design of anti-sense directed chemistries that disrupt such interactions for a specific target mRNA (Baker, B.F., Miraglia, L., and Hagedorn, C. H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 11495-11499).
Trusted security devices for bandwidth conservation in IPSec environments

Information security a is constant concern of Internet data. One security solution is IPSec, which is a set of protocols that provides both data confidentiality and authenticity. Another concern is the last mile bandwidth limitation on many Internet connections. This problem can be mitigated by bandwidth conservation techniques such as Application Layer and Stealth Multicast (SMC). Combining IPSec and multicast techniques would be ideal, but is not possible due to the nature of encrypted data and the requirements of multicast messages. We present the concept of a Trusted Security Device (TSD) which provides efficient bandwidth usage while maintaining security levels offered by IPSec. A TSD cooperates with clients and servers while implementing SMC technology. Minor modifications to clients and servers are necessary to enable discovery, key exchange, and communication between clients, servers, and TSDs. TSD technology is applicable to streaming data where confidentiality, authentication, and bandwidth conservation are concerns.
Understanding the Economic Espionage Act of 1996

The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 was intended to address both the general need for a federal criminal deterrent against trade secret theft as well as the apparent threat from foreign state-sponsored industrial espionage. This article examines the background of this new law, provides critical analysis of its most important terms, describes the process involved in a reference of trade secret theft to the federal authorities, and suggests practical strategies for businesses to take advantage of this resource as well as to avoid exposure to liability for the mishandling of information belonging to others.
Long-term atorvastatin treatment inhibited pro-survival signaling, reduced mitochondrial function and altered ultrastructural integrity in cardiac myocytes (1095.6)

Introduction: Statins are widely used to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for prevention of cardiovascular disease. The FDA warns that statins may induce skeletal muscle side effects. Skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with statin myopathy showed defects in mitochondrial ultrastructure. Impaired mitochondrial function was postulated as a key cause of statin-induced myopathy. Long-term statin effects on cardiac muscle are currently unclear. Methods and Results: Neonatal cardiac myocytes were treated with either atorvastatin (lipophilic) or pravastatin (hydrophilic) for up to 48 hours (both at 1-10 μM). Atorvastatin, but not pravastatin, inhibited RhoA activation, reduced mTOR/AKT signaling, and induced apoptosis. Further, atorvastatin treatment reduced protein expression of caveolin, dystrophin and epidermal growth factor receptor in cardiac myocytes. Both statins induced ER stress responses, but only atorvastatin increased CHOP initiated apoptotic cell death. Assessment of mitochondri...
Global‐scale convective aggregation: Implications for the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Previous work has shown that convection will self-organize in cloud-system-resolving model simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium, and it has been suggested that the convective envelope of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) may be organized by similar processes on a much larger scale. Here we present support for that hypothesis based on simulations with SP-CAM with globally uniform SST. Without rotation, convection self-organizes into large (∼4000 km) clusters surrounded by dry regions, while with Earth-like rotation the model produces a robust MJO. The nonrotating aggregation and MJO are found to have similar budgets of moist static energy, both being supported by diabatic feedbacks, particularly cloud-longwave interaction. Mechanism denial experiments show that longwave heating anomalies associated with high clouds are essential to the nonrotating aggregation, and amplify the MJO. Simulations using the conventional CAM show a weaker MJO and a much weaker tendency for nonrotating aggregation, and both MJO activity and aggregation intensity are found to increase with the entrainment rate in the deep convection parameterization.
Bistable switching in ZrZrO2Au junctions

Bistable switching has been observed in ZrZrO2Au junctions. The resistance ratio is as high as 104. Significant physical changes have occurred during forming and subsequent switching of these junctions. The physical changes were observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe techniques. The temperature changes and profiles were observed by the liquid crystal technique during forming and switching. These studies indicate that in the low resistance state the current is carried by a single filament centered around one of the spots formed while switching from the high resistance state to the low resistance state. A voltage controlled negative resistance was observed for the junction in the low resistance state.
Remote sensing of algal blooms by aircraft and satellite in Lake Erie and Utah Lake

During late summer, when the surface waters of Lake Erie reach their maximum temperature, an algal bloom is likely to develop. Such phenomena, which characterize eutrophic conditions, have been noticed on other shallow lakes using the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1). The concentration of the algae into long streamers provides additional information on surface circulations. To augment the ERTS Multispectral Scanner Subsystem data of Lake Erie, an aircraft was used to obtain correlative thermal-IR and additional multiband photographs. A large bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae observed in Utah Lake together with recent bloom history in Lake Erie is used to verify the Great Lakes bloom.
Core Competencies: The Challenge For Graduate Peace and Conflict Studies Education

This article uses a case study of the assessment of a graduate program in negotiations and conflict management as a springboard for discussing several critical, but unanswered questions in our field. It raises questions regarding the lack of clear core competencies and expectations regarding curricula at the graduate-level of peace and conflict studies programs, as well as concerns over how educators in this field can or should assess their own work and train students for practice. It also addresses, via a comparative case analysis in Tajikistan, the degree to which the competencies and pedagogical approaches in this field are culturally bound. The picture that emerges from these case studies suggests that there have been important omissions in the way that the varied educational programs and the larger peace and conflict studies field itself have developed thus far.
Evaluating healthy days of life gained from health projects

This paper draws attention to the importance of incorporating weights for time preference and productivity in using the concept of healthy days of life lost to evaluate healthy projects. Two alternative health strategies are defined for Ghana and evaluated, over a range of discount rates from 0 to 20%, with regard to the present value of productive life saved. It is found that the relative ranking of the projects is sensitive to the choice of discount rates. The sensitivity of disease rankings to the underlying morbidity and fatality rates is also examined and the results underline the importance of obtaining better epidemiological baseline data and information on project effectiveness if the potential usefulness of the healthy days of life approach to project evaluation is to be fully realized.
The effects of age and lifestyle factors on the accumulation of cytogenetic damage as measured by chromosome painting

Individual responses to the aging process are variable and are affected by genetic as well as environmental factors. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with whole chromosome probes (‘chromosome painting’) provides an efficient approach for detecting structural chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. This rapid and sensitive technique is an effective tool for quantifying chronic exposure to environmental agents which may result in an accumulation of cytogenetic damage with age. We have applied this technology to a normal, putatively unexposed, population to document the relationship between age and the accumulation of cytogenetic damage, as well as to establish a baseline frequency of stable aberrations. Using probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 simultaneously, the equivalent of 1000 metaphases was scored for stable and unstable aberrations from each of 91 subjects ranging in age from newborns (umbilical cord bloods; n = 14) to adults aged 19 to 79 years. Each subject (or one parent of each newborn) completed an extensive questionnaire to identify possible lifestyle factors that may influence the frequency of cytogenetic damage. Our findings show a significant increase in stable aberrations (translocations and insertions) with age (p < 0.0001). We also observed age-related increases with dicentrics (p < 0.0001) and acentric fragments (p < 0.0001). Relative to the frequencies observed in cord bloods, the frequencies of stable aberrations, dicentrics, and acentric fragments in adults aged 50 and over were elevated 10.6-fold, 3.3-fold, and 2.9-fold, respectively. Nine variables other than age are significantly associated with the frequency of stable aberrations; these are: smoking (two variables), consumption of diet drinks and/or diet sweeteners (4 variables), exposure to asbestos or coal products (1 variable each), and having a previous major illness (1 variable). Newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had a 1.5-fold increase in stable aberrations (p = 0.029). Repeat samples from a subset of the adults indicate that for most subjects there is little change in individual translocation frequencies over a period of two to three years. These results support the hypothesis that stable chromosome aberrations show a greater accumulation with age than do unstable aberrations and suggest that lifestyle factors contribute to the accumulation of cytogenetic damage.
Schatten class composition operators on weighted Bergman spaces of bounded symmetric domains

We obtain trace ideal criteria for 0<p<∞ for holomorphic composition operators acting on the weighted Bergman spacesA α 2 (Ω) of a Bounded symmetric diomain Ω in ℂn.
WS6 induces both alpha and beta cell proliferation without affecting differentiation or viability

Agents that stimulate human pancreatic beta cell proliferation are needed to improve diabetes mellitus treatment. Recently, a small molecule, WS6, was observed to stimulate human beta cell proliferation. However, little is known about its other effects on human islets. To better understand the role of WS6 as a possible beta cell regenerative therapy, we carried out in-depth phenotypic analysis of WS6-treated human islets, exploring its effects on non-beta cell proliferation, beta cell differentiation, and islet cell viability. WS6 not only stimulated beta cell proliferation in cultured human islets (in agreement with previous reports), but also human alpha cell proliferation, indicating that WS6 is not a beta cell-specific mitogen. WS6 did not change the proportion of insulin-positive beta cells or the expression of beta cell-specific transcription factors, suggesting that WS6 does not alter beta cell differentiation, and WS6 had no effect on human islet cell apoptosis or viability. In conclusion, WS6 stimulates proliferation of both human beta and alpha cells while maintaining cellular viability and the beta cell differentiated phenotype. These findings expand the literature on WS6 and support the suggestion that WS6 may help increase human islet mass needed for successful treatment of diabetes.
One Road from Marx: On the Vision of Socialism, and the Fate of Workers' Control, in Socialist Thought

In 1899 a little-known, now long-forgotten, Polish revolutionist named Waclaw Machajski published a small book, The Evolution of Social Democracy, which provoked consternation in the nascent Marxist movement in Russia. Its thesis was that the new messianism of socialism masked an ideology of discontented intellectuals, and that the new socialist society would simply replace one ruling class with another, so that the workers would still remain exploited, albeit this time by a new class of professional leaders.
The effect of glucose and calcium on Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase in pancreatic islets isolated from a normal and a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rat model

Abstract Regulation of calcium balance is important in the secretory function of pancreatic islets. Ca 2+ -adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is altered in tissues of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats, and they have an impaired response to glucose, “glucose blindness.” We propose that the glucose blindness of the diabetic islet is the result of defective cellular calcium metabolism. Since Ca 2+ -ATPase activity is important in the regulation of calcium balance, we investigated the effect of glucose and/or calcium on Ca 2+ -ATPase activity in pancreatic islets in vitro and compared it with the effect in freshly isolated islets from controls and from rats with NIDDM induced by streptozotocin neonatally. Islets were isolated using collagenase and were stored fresh or cultured up to 2 days in RPMI 1640 in the presence of different concentrations of glucose and calcium. Membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase activity, insulin secretion, and insulin content were determined. Ca 2+ -ATPase activity was 1.30 ± 0.20 μmol/L Pi/μg membrane protein in normal noncultured islets and 1.02 ± 0.15 in islets cultured in 5.6 mmol/L glucose. Ca 2+ -ATPase activity progressively decreased to 0.56 ± 0.10 and 0.34 ± 0.14 μmol/L Pi/μg membrane protein when glucose was increased in the culture media to 16.6 and 27.7 mmol/L, respectively. Decreasing glucose to 2.8 mmol/L did not alter Ca 2+ -ATPase activity. Increasing or decreasing the Ca 2+ -ATPase content of the media did not significantly change Ca 2+ -ATPase activity. Islets isolated from NIDDM rats had lower basal Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and insulin content compared with normal controls. Incubation of islets from diabetic rats in high glucose further decreased the Ca 2+ -ATPase content, but incubation in low glucose did not reverse it. Insulin secretion was responsive to glucose and calcium in normal islets, but was suppressed in islets from diabetic animals. From these studies, we conclude that high glucose, but not calcium, decreases Ca 2+ -ATPase activity in islets from normal rats. Islets from NIDDM rats with glucose blindness have decreased Ca 2+ -ATPase activity, likely due to the glucose status. We suggest that this decreased Ca 2+ -ATPase activity may contribute to the pancreatic islets' glucose blindness.
Multicystic Benign Cystic Mesothelioma Presenting as a Pelvic Mass

Background. Benign cystic mesothelioma (BCM) is a rare tumor that arises from the abdominal peritoneum with a predilection to the pelvic peritoneum. For this reason, it can often mimic gynecologic malignancies. Case. A 47-year-old perimenopausal female presented reporting several weeks of abdominal distention associated with abdominal tenderness and constipation. Computed tomography revealed a 24 cm multiloculated pelvic mass, and tumor markers were notable for an elevated CA-125. The patient was taken to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy, and removal of pelvic mass. Final pathologic evaluation revealed a benign cystic mesothelioma. Conclusion. Classically these tumors present as large multicystic masses with thin-walled septations and on preoperative evaluation BCM can mimic many different disease entities including ovarian malignancies and cystic lymphangioma. Often diagnosis can only be made at time of surgery.
Mass spectrometry of a volatile Mg chelate in the measurement of stable 26Mg when used as a tracer

Abstract A method for the detection of 26 Mg enrichment of natural Mg was developed based on mass spectrometry (MS) of a Mg chelate made by complexing Mg to 2,2',6,6'-tetramethylheptanedione (THD). The chelate [Mg(THD) 2 ] was extracted at pH > 9 from dilute aqueous solutions into ethyl ether, recovered by sublimation at room temperature, and introduced by solid probe into a Finnigan 3300 mass spectrometer. The chelate was ionized by electron impact. Samples were heated to a maximum temperature of 200°C at a rate of 700°C/h. Each analysis required 1–5 μg Mg(THD)2. Enrichment levels as low as 5% above natural abundance could be detected satisfactorily. Precision was best at 26 Mg enrichment levels of 8–40% above natural abundance, the levels most likely to be encountered in analysis of plasma, urine and fecal samples from experimental subjects who had received 26 Mg as a tracer. The method was compared to neutron activation (NA) analysis and judged superior.
Surgical treatment of acquired arteriovenous fistulas.

F OR many years quadrupIe ligation and excision has been the method of surgical treatment of acquired arteriovenous corn munication. Recent investigations,9 particularly in centers caring for war casualties, suggest a reduced incidence of arteria1 insuffrciency when arterial continuity is re-established by end-to-end anastomosis, homoIogous artery graft or autogenous vein graft. Figure I illustrates a situation found frequently in our series. Stimulated by these recent innovations in vascuIar surgery, we have undertaken a study of thirty-two patients afFEcted with traumatic arteriovenous IistuIa of a limb; the treatment in each had consisted of interruption of the arterial and venous circuIation in the limb by means of Iigation and excision of the involved vesseIs. SurgicaI specimens were submitted to gross and microscopic examination; questionnaires sent to patients afforded the foIIow-up evaluation of each limb treated by Iigation and excision. Particular emphasis was pIaced on adequacy of the interrupted arteria1 and venous circuIation. Although much has been written from earIy times about the arteriovenous fistula, it remained for WiIIiam Hunter in 1739 to distinguish it from a simpIe aneurysm; he was the First to give a detailed description of the signs, symptoms and physica findings of the affliction. The major cIinica1 manifestations are a harsh thrill and a bruit in the involved area; these are continuous throughout the cardiac cycie with systolic accentuation. The rapid passage of arteria1 bIood into the venous circulation may resuh in marked elevation of the venous pressure and thence in chronic venous insuffrciency with varices, edema and stasis pigmentation; aIso, one sees ulceration of the limb. Figure 2 shows the increased venous pattern and generalized enIargement of the limb with a Iong-standing fistuIa.‘*Another frequent Iinding is cardiac enlargement. One may make a diagnosis of acquired arteriovenous fistula when a thril1 and a bruit are observed in the region of a penetrating wound: the presence of chronic venous insuffrciency and increased warmth in such a limb in the region of the fistuIa is further evidence of an arteriovenous shunt. In our experience arteriography was not necessary to enable one to estabIish the diagnosis.
Development and Validation of the Comprehensive Health Activities Scale: A New Approach to Health Literacy Measurement

Current health literacy measures have been criticized for solely measuring reading and numeracy skills when a broader set of skills is necessary for making informed health decisions, especially when information is often conveyed verbally and through multimedia video. The authors devised 9 health tasks and a corresponding 190-item assessment to more comprehensively measure health literacy skills. A sample of 826 participants between the ages of 55 and 74 years who were recruited from an academic general internal medicine practice and three federally qualified health centers in Chicago, Illinois, completed the assessment. Items were reduced using hierarchical factor analysis and item response theory resulting in the 45-item Comprehensive Health Activities Scale. All 45 items loaded on 1 general latent trait, and the resulting scale demonstrated high reliability and strong construct validity using measures of health literacy and global cognitive functioning. The predictive validity of the Comprehensive Health Activities Scale using self-reported general, physical, and mental health status was comparable to or better than widely used measures of health literacy, depending on the outcome. Despite comprehensively measuring health literacy skills, items in the Comprehensive Health Activities Scale supported 1 primary construct. With similar psychometric properties, current measures may be adequate, depending on the purpose of the assessment.
Communication as reducing uncertainty

Technical communicators are now generating large amounts of content (which may or may not be web-based), that is used to communicate concepts and ideas for decision making. They are creating information that helps readers reduce their uncertainty about the overall situation and its future development as they read to decide. The information needs of complex information situations can be redefined as working to reduce the uncertainty people have about the situation. It helps people build a clearer picture of the overall situation and reduces uncertainty about the future development of the situation. This redefinition reshapes a design team's goal from answering the question of "what information does the reader need?" to "what information reduces the reader's uncertainty?" As design teams work with their personas or other information analysis methods, they need to remain focused on determining how people use that information to reduce their uncertainty. Too many information creation projects suffer from different groups all lobbing for their content to be included; a focus on reducing uncertainty helps cut through that lobbying. By focusing on the reduction of uncertainty, we have a basis for determining what information is needed, measuring what information is used, and judging the communication effectiveness. Questions posed before, during or after a usability test should be constructed specifically to measure the reduction in uncertainty.
Determinants of alveolar ridge preservation differ by anatomic location

The clinical and histological aspects of socket healing have been reported (Boyne 1966, Trombelli et al. 2008; Van der Weijden 2009, Moya-Villaescusa & Sanchez-Perez 2010, Ten Heggeler et al. 2011). Alveolar bone resorption post-extraction varies among individuals and sites; ridge height loss is greater in mandibular than maxillary sites and ridge width loss is greater on buccal aspects (Smukler et al. 1999, Iasella et al. 2003). Post-extraction ridge resorption leads to loss of function, inadequate bone for dental implants and prosthodontic difficulties (Bartee 2001). The need to avoid such complications has spurred significant interest in developing techniques and biomaterials to prevent ridge resorption. Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is a guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure aiming to control post-extraction ridge resorption. Current ARP protocols include bone autografts, allografts, xenografts, alloplasts and membranes of diverse origin (Nemcovsky & Serfaty 1996, Bartee 2001, Iasella et al. 2003, Fickl et al. 2008a,b). Despite numerous options, outcome data are scarce (Ten Heggeler et al. 2011). The limited evidence available suggests that mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) combined with collagen membrane may offer the best height preservation (Iasella et al. 2003, Ten Heggeler et al. 2011). No ARP protocol effectively prevents ridge width changes (Ten Heggeler et al. 2011). To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies providing insights regarding the factors, anatomical or other, which determine ARP outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare, in maxillary and mandibular sites, the clinical and histological outcomes of ARP, in an effort to identify treatment outcome determinants for these different anatomical locations.
A graphical user interface server for UNIX

The UNIX operating system has attained widespread popularity because of its power, flexibility and elegance. However, the common user interfaces (shells) have been criticized as being cryptic and difficult to use, especially for novices. In this paper, we present a user interface server that can be used to provide a graphical shell for UNIX. This shell helps to overcome a number of difficulties faced by both novices and experts. Although it is largely intended to assist novices, it is also designed not to become a hindrance for expert users and does not sacrifice the basic power and flexibility of UNIX. The server is designed to augment rather than replace text-based interfaces and can be used from a variety of different interactive programs in addition to shells
A Thermal Model of the Friction Stir Welding Process

A novel finite element method based 3-dimensional thermal model has been developed to study the temperature distributions during the friction stir welding process. The moving heat source generated by the rotation and linear traverse of the pin-tool has been correlated to input torque data obtained from experimental investigation of butt-welding of AA6061-T651. The moving heat source includes heat generation due to torques at the interface between the tool shoulder and the workpiece, the horizontal interface between the pin bottom and the workpiece, and the vertical interface between the cylindrical pin surface and the workpiece. Temperature-dependent properties of the weld-material have been used for the numerical modeling. Excellent conformity between simulated temperature profiles and experimental data has been demonstrated. The effects of various heat transfer conditions at the bottom surface of the workpiece, different thermal contact conductances at the interface between the workpiece and the backing plate, and different backing plate materials on the thermal profile in the weld material have also been investigated.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Linking radiation oncology and imaging through molecular biology (or now that therapy and diagnosis have separated, it's time to get together again!).

Among the areas defined by the National Cancer Institute as “Extraordinary Opportunities for Research Investment” that are highly relevant to the technology-oriented disciplines within the broad field of radiology are cancer imaging, defining the signatures (ie, underlying molecular features) of cancer cells, and molecular targets of prevention and treatment. In molecular target credentialing, a specific molecular target is imaged, the molecular signature is defined, a treatment is given, and the effect of the intervention on the image findings and the signature is then evaluated. Such an approach is used to validate the proposed target as a legitimate one for cancer therapy or prevention and to provide the opportunity to ultimately individualize therapy on the basis of both the initial characteristics of the tumor and the tumor’s response to an intervention. Therapeutic radiation is focused biology (ie, radiation produces molecular events in the irradiated tissue). Radiation can (a) kill cancer cells by ...
The role of capillary forces in steady-state and transient seepage flows.

Steady and transient seepage problems were investigated numerically using a dimensionless formulation for water flow in variably saturated, two-dimensional anisotropic and homogenous porous media. The dimensionless formulation combines the aspect ratio and the anisotropy ratio in one dimensionless parameter, M, and accounts for capillarity effects using the ratio of the domain height to the height of capillary fringe as another dimensionless parameter, alpha. Two domain geometries were considered: rectangular and trapezoidal. It was found that M and alpha play major roles in the development and the height of the seepage face. The height of the steady-state seepage face increased with the decreasing value of alpha. The effects of capillarity on the development of the transient seepage face were investigated by lowering the open water level on one side of the domain at various uniform velocities while the other side was kept at a constant value. It was found for most scenarios that decoupling between the water table and the open water level first occurred for domains with large alpha. In other words, the seepage face heights of these systems were larger than those with a small alpha. These results are the opposite of the steady-state results and are due to the fact that drainage of the pores was the major mechanism controlling the drop of the transient water table, especially at earlier times. A criterion for the decoupling of the water table from the falling open water level (i.e., the formation of the transient seepage face) was developed by Dracos (1965). It states that decoupling does not occur as long as the falling speed, VF, of the open water level is less than Vd = K(o) sin2 B/phi where K(o) is the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil, phi is the porosity, and beta is the angle of the exit face with the horizontal (i.e., beta = pi/2 implies a vertical face). Our investigation revealed that decoupling occurs for smaller falling velocities than Vd, and is caused by, among others, the fact that the water table is not tangent to the exit face but rather intersects it at a nonzero angle.
An Alternative Interpretation of X(3872)

It is proposed that X(3872) is a vector glueball mixed with neighboring vector states of charmonium.
Contributing Factors to Temporal and Spatial Associations in Mental Representations of Maps

Abstract The present work explores an interactive model of spatial and temporal information in map memory. In four experiments, participants learned a map with temporal and spatial information confounded or unconfounded. Attentional and representational levels of information were made apparent through tasks that tap spatial, temporal, or other information. Learning criteria emphasizing sequential order or location imposed differential weighting of the information types in memory. Results indicate that map memory is spatial, but also interacts with the order in which map locations are encountered. Findings show flexibility in allocating attention and information indexing of location and sequential order information in map learning.
EEG Spectral-Power and Coherence: LORETA Neurofeedback Training in the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

ABSTRACT Introduction. This study examines the EEG spectral power and coherence changes that occur as a result of LORETA neurofeedback (LNFB) training, which is a recently developed spatial-specific neurofeedback protocol in which it has been demonstrated that human beings can learn to change activity in their own anterior cingulate gyrus. We trained individuals to increase low-beta (14–18 Hz) activity in the cognitive division of the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACcd). Methods. This study was conducted with eight non-clinical students with a mean age of 22. The participants completed over 30 sessions of LNFB training. We utilized the WAIS-III for pre- and post-psychometric measures to assess the influence of this training protocol. Results. We selected training Sessions 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 for comparison to Session 1. There are significant increases in absolute power and coherence over sessions. There is significant increase in the working memory and processing speed subtest scores. Discussion. The an...
The E‐economy and the Rise of Technocapitalism: Networks, Firms, and Transportation

The e-economy is part of a larger phenomenon, technocapitalism, that is transforming business organizations and the ways in which they transact, produce, and ship their goods. Technocapitalism is an evolution of market capitalism that is rooted in technological innovation and supported by such intangibles as creativity and knowledge. This paper considers first the main characteristics of networks that support the e-economy and its source phenomenon, the emergence of technocapitalism. Networks are thought to be the main vehicle through which the e-economy spreads, and they have major effects on the organization of business firms. The culture of technocapitalism, with its emphasis on continuous innovation and rapid adjustment, is largely behind the rising importance of networks. A second section then considers the deconstruction of business firms and its relation to networks, the e-economy, and the rise of technocapitalism. A historical perspective is provided to show the contrast with previous eras. The deconstruction of business organizations involves a major transformation of the norms and ways in which firms are run and structured. Finally, the likely implications for transportation and shipping of the rise of the e-economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms are discussed. The logistics, pricing, and infrastructure of shipping are likely to be substantially affected by the spread of the e-economy, its networks, and the deconstruction of firms.
Density Functional Theory Analysis of Stereoelectronic Properties of Cobalamins

Density functional theory (DFT) is applied to the calculation of the steric and electronic factors which might affect the Co−CR bond activation in coenzyme B12. The six-coordinate cobalamins (B−[CoIII(corrin)]−R, models of coenzyme B12) include the actual corrin macroring as the equatorial ligand and imidazole (Im), dimethylbenzimidazole (DBI) or water (H2O), as the α-trans ligand (B). The β axial ligand (R) represents a series of alkyl groups with different steric bulkiness ranging from −C⋮N, −C⋮CH through methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl to 5‘-deoxy-5‘-adenosyl. Each trans ligand (Im, DBI or H2O) produces a positive correlation of the Co−CR and Co−NB bond lengths. The increasing complexity of the R group leads to two major structural correlations: a positive correlation between the Co−CR and Co−NB bond lengths and an inverse correlation between the Co−CR bond length and the flatness of the corrin ring. It is shown that stereoelectronic properties of cobalamins can only be explained on the basis of ...
Acute Oxalate Nephropathy After Massive Ascorbic Acid Administration

• A single 45-g dose of intravenous ascorbic acid, a metabolic precursor of oxalate, was administered to a patient as adjuvant therapy for primary amyloidosis and the nephrotic syndrome. Acute oliguric renal failure occurred. Postmortem histopathologic examination of renal tissue revealed extensive intratubular deposition of crystalline material, which was confirmed as calcium oxalate by a microincineration technique. There were no extrarenal deposits of calcium oxalate. Plasma oxalate and ascorbic acid concentrations were increased. We conclude that therapy with high-dose ascorbic acid is a potential cause of oxalate nephropathy. (Arch Intern Med1985;145:950-951)
Improving Oral Communication Skills of Students in Food Science Courses.

ABSTRACT: Communication activities about food evaluation were incorporated into food preparation courses. Oral reports replaced quizzes and an oral presentation replaced the final exam. A rubric was developed to help students evaluate ingredient functions, procedures, techniques, temperatures, and sensory evaluation. Oral report scores, self-evaluations, course evaluations, final grades, and the instructors' observations were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the communication activities. Students learned professional language and practiced professional behaviors. These types of practice opportunities are critical to students' development and important for the food science profession.
Matrix Fabry–Perot resonance mechanism in high-contrast gratings

We present a simple analytic formalism to explain the unique resonance phenomenon in subwavelength high-contrast gratings (HCG). We show that the resonances are due to strong coupling between two surface-normal waveguide array modes resulting from abrupt and large index contrast. Simple expression for HCG quality factor is derived that agrees with spectral-fitting approaches reported in literature.
Free-Choice by the Rat of the Greater of Two Brightness Changes

In a previous experiment (2) it was shown that rats will choose that arm of a maze the brightness of which has been changed between an exposure trial and a free-choice trial. The present experiment...
Brain Function Early after Stroke in Relation to Subsequent Recovery

This study aimed to characterize brain activation and perfusion early after stroke within cortical regions that would later change activation during recovery. Patients were studied serially after stroke (mean t1, = 16 days after stroke, t2 = 3.5 months later) using perfusion-weighted imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging during finger movement. Controls (n = 7) showed no significant change in regional activation volumes over time. Among stroke patients (n = 8), however, recovery was accompanied by several patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging change, with increased activation volumes over time in five patients and decreased in two. Most regions increasing activation over time were in the stroke hemisphere. Of the five patients showing increased activation over time, specific activation foci enlarged at t2 were already activated at t1 in four patients, and at least one focus growing from t1 to t2 was in a different arterial distribution from the infarct in all five patients. Perfusion of sensorimotor cortex at t1 was generally not reduced in the stroke hemisphere (94% of noninfarcted hemisphere). Improved clinical outcome was related to increased activation within sensory cortices of both brain sides, including bilateral secondary somatosensory areas. Early after stroke, cortical activation that will later increase in parallel with recovery is often already identifiable, can be remote from the vascular territory of the infarct, and is not likely hindered by reduced perfusion. The findings may be useful for restorative interventions introduced during the weeks after a stroke.
Turbulence-free quantum ghost imaging experiments and results

Turbulence is a serious problem for long distance imaging such as from satellites or ground based telescopes. In this paper we discuss our turbulence-free ghost imaging1 approach that is virtually free from the degrading effects of turbulence. We discuss motivation for the experiments, theory, experimental setup, procedures, and results. The results suggest that thermal two-photon interference may not only be used to improve imaging through turbulence but may also lead to a resource for quantum information processing.
Distribution and characterization of mutations induced by nitrous acid or hydroxylamine in the intron-containing thymidylate synthase gene of bacteriophage T4.

The detailed distribution and characterization of 51 hydroxylamine (HA)-induced and 59 nitrous acid (NA)-induced mutations in the intron-containing bacteriophage T4 thymidylate synthase (td) gene is reported here. Mutations were mapped in 10 regions of thetd gene by recombinational marker rescue using plasmid or M13 subclones of thetd gene. Phage crosses using deletion mutants with known breakpoints in the 3′ end of thetd intron subdivided HA and NA mutations which mapped in this region. At least 31 of the mutations map within the 1-kb group I self-splicing intron. Intron mutations mapped only in the 5′ and 3′ ends of the intron sequence, in accordance with the hypothesis that the 5′ and 3′ domains of the T4td intron are essential for correct RNA splicing. RNA sequence analysis of a number of mappedtd mutations has identified two intron nucleotides and one exon nucleotide where both HA- and NA-induced mutations commonly occur. These three loci are characterized by a GC dinucleotide, with the mutations occurring at the cytosine residue. Thus, these data indicate at least three potential sites of both HA- and NA-induced mutagenic hotspot activity within thetd gene.
Comment on "Magnetic response of disordered metallic rings: large contributions of far levels".

A Comment on the Letter by M. Schechter et al., Phys Rev. Lett. 90, 026805 (2003). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.