cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wave‐equation migration velocity analysis. II. Subsalt imaging examples

Subsalt imaging is strongly dependent on the quality of the velocity model. However, rugose salt bodies complicate wavefield propagation and lead to subsalt multipathing, illumination gaps and shadow zones, which cannot be handled correctly by conventional traveltime-based migration velocity analysis (MVA). We overcome these limitations by the wave-equation MVA technique, introduced in a companion paper, and demonstrate the methodology on a realistic synthetic data set simulating a salt-dome environment and a Gulf of Mexico data set. We model subsalt propagation using wave paths created by one-way wavefield extrapolation. Those wave paths are much more accurate and robust than broadband rays, since they inherit the frequency dependence and multipathing of the underlying wavefield. We formulate an objective function for optimization in the image space by relating an image perturbation to a perturbation of the velocity model. The image perturbations are defined using linearized prestack residual migration, thus ensuring stability, relative to the first-order Born approximation assumptions. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that wave-equation MVA is an effective tool for subsalt velocity analysis, even when shadows and illumination gaps are present.
The 'temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome' personality: fact or fiction?

Summary It is widely accepted that abnormal personality traits are important factors in the aetiology and maintenance of the temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome (TMPDS). However, the foundation upon which this paradigm rests is largely based on clinical lore rather than evidence. The continued belief in the stress theory has onerous implications. First of all, clinicians could be lulled into a false sense of security about the efficacy of traditionally sanctioned treatments. Second, and potentially more important is the chilling effect on research that results from the premature and unsupported conclusions voiced by many, that certain issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of TMPDS are solved. Such conclusions will lead not only to problems of patient care but may forge an unstable foundation for future research. Three theories are examined for convergent evidence in support of the putative relationship between personality and TMPDS. They are the 1) psychosomatic 2) coping and 3) psychophysiological theories. Currently evidence lacks for all three theories although there is partial support for the latter. It has not been demonstrated that TMPDS cases are characterized by a specific premorbid personality.
Broadband Technology and Development in Africa: How Critical is Access?

Deployment of broadband technology has become the new buzz phrase in the discourse on the impact of information and communication technologies on development. While developing and developed countries alike are singing the praises of broadband technology, they must refrain from assuming that broadband is broadband and therefore one size fits all. The reality is that there exist contextual and ecological factors within developing contexts that must inform the choice, type and timing of deployment of broadband technologies. For Africa, these factors include both infrastructural and human limitations. The prevalence of mobile technologies and their usage in Africa necessitates more focus on mobile broadband rather than on the fixed broadband upon which most African countries are evidently fixated. The paper presents an analysis of these issues against the backdrop of the current status of broadband deployment in Africa, with particular interest in South Africa and Nigeria.
Responsive Facilitation of Experiential Learning Through Access to Attentional State

The planned thesis presents a vision of the future of learning, where learners explore environments, physical and virtual, in a curiosity-driven or intrinsically motivated way, and receive contextual information from a companion facilitator or teacher. Learners are instrumented with sensors that convey their cognitive and attentional state to the companion, who can then accurately judge what is interesting or relevant, and when is a good moment to jump in. I provide a broad definition of the possible types of sensor input as well as the modalities of intervention, and then present a specific proof-of-concept system that uses gaze behavior as a means of communication between the learner and a human companion.
Multilevel Factor Structure, Concurrent Validity, and Test–Retest Reliability of the High School Teacher Version of the Authoritative School Climate Survey

Although school climate has long been recognized as an important factor in the school improvement process, there are few psychometrically supported measures based on teacher perspectives. The current study replicated and extended the factor structure, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability of the teacher version of the Authoritative School Climate Survey (ASCS) using a statewide sample of high school teachers. Multilevel confirmatory factor analyses based on surveys completed by 12,808 high school teachers from 302 schools found that factors of disciplinary structure and student support were associated to varying degrees with the teacher reports of the prevalence of student teasing and bullying and student engagement. These findings provide some empirical support for the use of the teacher version of the ASCS in high schools.
Northern Irish poetry and theology; Yeats and Modern Poetry

These two books together illustrate an interesting parallel, and sometime contest, between the critical debates that centre on religious and artistic identity. Both critics are aware of the many fa...
A review of research on teachers’ use of student data: from the perspective of school leadership

Despite the increased worldwide acknowledgment of the importance of teachers’ use of formative and/or summative assessment data to improve teaching and learning, empirical research on its impacts on student learning is sparse. Even more so is the lack of studies on the best ways for school leaders to develop teachers’ capacity. Teachers generally have low efficacy in using student data to inform their day-to-day instructions. Teachers lack the basic skills to understand, interpret, and analyze data, develop instructional strategies based on data, and implement research-based instructional strategies in classrooms to address the weaknesses reflected from data analysis results. Any gap in this chain of instructional actions would lead to ineffective teaching and learning in classrooms. This study synthesizes research located from on-line databases on teachers’ data use conducted in the last 14 years and examines the nature, impacts, and shapers of teachers’ use of student formative and/or summative assessment data to improve teaching and learning. This review provides a much-needed guide to school leaders and policy makers in the USA, as well to other jurisdictions that want to make evidence-based decisions in the hopes of improving student learning and teachers’ capacity in data use.
Mandatory Disclosure as Credible Commitment: Going Public, Opting In, Opting Out and Globalization

What functions does the existing mandatory disclosure system serve? In this article, I argue that the existing SEC system can be understood as providing issuers with a mechanism for making a credible commitment to high quality, comprehensive disclosure for an indefinite period into the future. This credible commitment device is particularly useful to new domestic issuers and to foreign issuers seeking to tap the U.S. capital markets. This credible commitment justification explains the striking but little discussed asymmetry between the ease of entry into the SEC system and the difficulty of exit from it. I then consider the implications of this credible commitment view for the various proposals on securities disclosure in a global capital market, and the tradeoffs between the potential benefits of increasing competition among suppliers of disclosure regulation and the potential loss of the ability of any system to offer credible commitment.
The Florida Earthquake of Oct. 27, 1973

The Florida earthquake of October 27, 1973 had a macroseismic location at 28.1 °N,81.25 °W, about 30 kilometers south of Orlando. It occurred at 06:22 GMT and its magnitude (m b ) was 4.0. The early morning occurrence prevented evaluation of the intensity I–II felt areas. However, it was felt with intensity III–V over 25,000 square kilometers of central and eastern Florida. A single possible aftershock which was recorded on a smoked-paper microearthquake recorder supports the macroseismic epicenter. A correlation of historic epicenters with Bouguer anomaly trends implies that earthquakes in Florida occur near the extensions of the edges of crustal blocks.
Integrating spatial synchrony/asynchrony of population distribution into stock assessment models: a spatial hierarchical Bayesian statistical catch-at-age approach

Yan Jiao1*, Rob O’Reilly2, Eric Smith3, and Don Orth1 Department of Fish andWildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and StateUniversity, 100 CheathamHall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA Virginia Marine Resources Commission, 2600 Washington Avenue, Newport News, VA 23607, USA Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321, USA *Corresponding author: tel: +1 540 231 5749; fax: +1 540 231 7580; e-mail: yjiao@vt.edu
Bagassois III. Isolation of Thermophilic and Mesophilic Actinomycetes and Fungi from Moldy Bagasse

Summary and ConclusionIndustrial workers who grind raw sugar cane fiber from which the sucrose content has been extracted and which has been stored in bales under high environmental temperature develop a characteristic respiratory illness called bagassosis. Precipitins against unknown antigens in crude bagasse have been detected in the sera of many patients with this disorder, and thermophilic microorganisms are suspected as likely sources of bagasse antigen. This report describes the most common thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi isolated from the “bagasse” fiber. These include M. vulgaris, S. thermoviolaceus, S. griseoflavus, S. fradiae, S. thermovulgaris, S. olivaceus, and H. lanuginosa. The sera of many patients with bagassosis contained precipitins against cellular extracts of M. vulgaris. Since bagassosis results almost exclusively from inhalation of dried stored sugar cane fiber and M. vulgaris has been the most common isolate from this type of bagasse, it is postulated that M. vulgaris is the ma...
An Inequality of Jensen

(1946). An Inequality of Jensen. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 501-505.
Viajes mediterráneos de mármoles italianos: sobre la procedencia de la llamada Fuente de Apolo en Aranjuez

La llamada Fuente de Apolo en el Jardin de la Isla de Aranjuez es claramente una obra italiana del siglo XVI, y su procedencia hasta hoy no ha sido cuestionada. En el jardin del palacio de los Duques del Infantado en Guadalajara, por los menos hasta la primera mitad del siglo XVII, se hallaba una fuente de marmol hoy considerada desaparecida. Gracias a una lectura atenta del relato del viaje en Espana de Cassiano dal Pozzo y de algunos documentos ya publicados, se propone la identificacion de la fuente que algun dia estuvo en Guadalajara con la Fuente de Apolo de Aranjuez, formulando hipotesis sobre los hechos historicos que pudieron facilitar el traslado y sugiriendo para la estatua de Apolo una nueva atribucion al escultor florentino Valerio Cioli (1529/39-1599)
Communicating with American consumers in the post 9/11 climate: an empirical investigation of consumer ethnocentrism in the United States

The present study examines the extent to which American consumers’ political attitudes translate into their economic preferences in the post-September 11 climate. Specifically, nationalism, patriotism, and internationalism as antecedents to consumer ethnocentrism are investigated. A web-based survey was carried out on a sample drawn from a population of known internet users in the USA. Results from this study show that nationalism and internationalism are good predictors of American consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies. In addition, demographic characteristics such as gender, age, income, and education exhibit significant effects on consumer ethnocentrism. Male, younger, higher-income and better-educated consumers tend to be less ethnocentric. Suggestions are made to help both domestic and foreign firms and marketers understand how the post-September 11 political climate affects American consumers’ economic preferences. Results from this study also provide useful insights for further theory development on c...
Clinical Observation of Cognitive Training Combined with Head Needles Retention for Treatment of Mental Retardation Children

Objective To observe the clinical effect of cognitive training combined with head needles retention on mental retardation children.Methods Fifty-four qualified mental retardation children were selected and randomly classified into trial group and control group.The trial group had 25 children and was given cognitive training combined with head needles retention.The control group had 29 children and was given cognitive training after acupuncture therapy.The treatment was performed once a day,and lasted 3 months.Neuropsychological Development Checklist for 0-6 Years Old Children was applied for the evaluation of developmental quotient(DQ),mental age,adaptive ability,language ability,and social behavior before and after treatment.And then the therapeutic effect was compared in the two groups.Results After treatment,DQ,mental age,adaptive ability,language ability,and social behavior were obviously improved(P0.05 compared with those before treatment).For the differences of observation indexes before and after treatment,only mental age and social behavior in the trial group differed from those of the control group(P0.05),indicating that the trial g roup had better effect on improving mental age and social behavior than the control group.Conclusion Cognitive training combined with head needles retention has better effect on mental retardation children than cognitive training after acupuncture therapy,especially in improving mental age and social behavior.
Current Practice in Neonatal Interventional Cardiology

Interventional cardiology is a growing specialty, with new technologies developing. In addition to development of new interventions that can reduce the invasiveness of congenital heart procedures, there is growing interest in applying existing procedures to our smallest patients. From the first use of catheterization for neonatal intervention with the balloon atrial septostomy, there are many new and evolving therapies that can treat neonates born with congenital heart disease.
Biggar’s Critique of Christian Pacifism, Extended

In this essay, I take up the critique of Christian pacifism offered in Nigel Biggar’s In Defence of War.1 Focusing on the New Testament, Biggar argues that the evidence does not suggest a requireme...
Abstract 144: A20 Inhibits Pathologic Interferon-? Signaling in Smooth Muscle Cells to Prevent Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

The pleiotropic cytokine Interferon-γ (IFNγ), best known for its anti-viral and immunomodulatory activities, also demonstrates pro-atherogenic effects. Implication of IFNγ in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis results in part from the upregulation of a number of pro-inflammatory interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Hence, strategies to reduce IFNγ signaling are of particular interest to reduce or prevent pathologic vascular remodeling associated with atherosclerotic disease, for instance transplant arteriosclerosis. We discovered that the anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective protein A20 inhibits IFNγ signaling and thus the expression of ISG in vitro in human coronary artery SMC, and in vivo in vascular allografts. The aim of this study was to unveil the mechanism(s) of A20 mediated inhibition of IFNγ signaling. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of A20 in SMC significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), the key mediator of IFNγ signaling, as a result of lower transcription. Moreover, overexpression of A20 in SMC also efficiently inhibited activating Y701 phosphorylation of STAT1, through a mechanism possibly implicating A20 binding to STAT1, as confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. As expected, overexpression of A20 also inhibited NF-κB activation in SMC, which is required for full-blown IFNγ responses. Indeed, we confirmed that inhibition of NF-κB by overexpression of its inhibitor, IκBα also quenched upregulation of ISGs in SMC, albeit without down-regulating STAT1. Overall, our results identify A20 as a potent inhibitor of IFNγ signaling in SMC through several non-mutually exclusive mechanisms. This novel function of A20 in SMC further qualifies its atheroprotective properties and supports the pursuit of A20-based therapies for the cure of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
CRT-800.45 Guidewire Electrosurgery Optimization For LAMPOON

LAMPOON is a technique we developed directing radiofrequency (RF) energy through a coronary guidewire to lacerate the anterior mitral leaflet to prevent outflow obstruction during transcatheter mitral valve replacement. Tissue laceration requires concentration of RF energy at the guidewire-tissue
Equilibrium of elastic lattice shells

A model for shells consisting of a continuous distribution of embedded rods is developed in the framework of the direct theory of second-gradient elastic surfaces. The shell is constitutively sensitive to a convenient measure of the gradient of strain in addition to the metric and curvature of standard shell theory.
The Nature of Earthquake Ground Motion

The aim of this chapter is to provide a basic understanding about earthquakes, their world-wide distribution, what causes them, their likely damage mechanisms, earthquake measuring scales, and current efforts on the prediction of strong seismic ground motions. This chapter, therefore, furnishes the basic information necessary for understanding the more detailed concepts that follow in the subsequent chapters of this book. The basic vocabulary of seismology is defined. The seismicity of the world is discussed first and its relationship with tectonic plates is explained. The general causes of earthquakes are discussed next where tectonic actions, dilatancy in the crustal rocks, explosions, collapses, volcanic actions, and other likely causes are introduced. Earthquake fault sources are discussed next. Various faulting mechanisms are explained followed by a brief discussion of seismic waves. Earthquake damage mechanisms are introduced and different major damage mechanisms are identified by examples. Quantification of earthquakes is of significant interest to seismic design engineers. Various earthquake intensity and magnitude scales are defined followed by a description of earthquake source models. Basic information regarding the concepts of directivity and near-fault effects are presented. Finally, the ideas behind seismic risk evaluation and earthquake prediction are discussed.
Wavelet and Hidden Markov-Based Stochastic Simulation Methods Comparison on Colorado River Streamflow

AbstractWavelet and hidden Markov-based modeling frameworks were developed to better capture the nonstationarity and non-Gaussian characteristics of streamflow that linear models cannot. Climate-ba...
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation: The Rationale and Basic Science

The use of allograft tissues for orthopedic reconstructions has seen a dramatic rise in the past decade. For example, allograft bone is widely used to fill bone voids, provide temporary structural support, and to induce local tissue repair. One application for the use of allograft tissues is to attempt to reconstruct the articular surface in patients with chondral or osteochondral lesions. As our understanding of the basic science of allograft tissues has grown, we have seen an evolution of its use from primarily a structural entity into one in which these tissues are implanted with the intent of preserving their biological activity and function, as well.
The immunologic and clinicopathologic heterogeneity of cutaneous lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides

Twenty-one cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with cutaneous involvement, other than mycosis fungoides, were evaluated immunologically, histologically, and clinically. Ten patients presented with skin disease alone, seven with concurrent cutaneous and extracutaneous disease, and four with extracutaneous disease only. Twenty of the 21 cases were nonepidermotropic tumors and were equally likely to express B or T phenotypes. None of the cases expressed a true histiocytic phenotype. Almost all cases expressed la and class 1 HLA determinants. Immunophenotypes were stable regardless of time interval, therapy, or body site sampled in seven of eight patients studied serially. In contrast to mycosis fungoides, the T lymphomas exhibited noncerebriform cytology, tumor la expression, lack of mature helper T-cell phenotype, nonepidermotropic histology, a tendency for marrow involvement, and presented as nodules rather than patches or plaques. Since each T lymphoma expressed an abnormal but uniform T-cell phenotype other than mature cytotoxic/suppressor or helper, the neoplastic population could be distinguished from reactive T cells. Reactive elements averaged one-third of the cellular infiltrates and were mainly T cells and macrophages. Langerhans cells were generally normal in number and distribution. Several histopathologic subtypes were identified with diffuse large cell lymphomas, including immunoblastic lymphomas, comprising 71% of cases (15/21). Prediction of the immunophenotype based on cytologic criteria was correct in 67% of cases (14/21). All errors occurred among the 13 high-grade lymphomas. Survival data were consistent with those of prior studies that have indicated that clinical course is dependent on stage and histologic subtype. Non-Hodgkin's cutaneous lymphomas constitute an immunologically, histologically, and clinically heterogeneous group of neoplasms.
Aerosol Dispersal Patterns and Resulting Effects on Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Adults

Aerosol application of insecticides as part of an integrated pest management program is becoming more widely adopted in food facilities such as flour mills. However, the method of application and the complex structural features within a facility can impact how insecticide particles travel and settle on surfaces and therefore impact the consistency in efficacy obtained. Here we investigated how the location from which an aerosol insecticide is released impacts the spatial pattern of aerosol deposition, using efficacy against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the confused flour beetle, as a model insects. Concrete bioassay arenas containing T. confusum adults and flour were exposed to two commercial aerosol formulations, pyrethrin + pyriproxyfen and pyrethrin + methoprene, and observed for initial adult knockdown and subsequent mortality. Aerosols were applied from one of three static locations or a fourth application comprised of multiple aerosol release points. The aerosol release position had a significant effect on T. confusum adult knockdown and mortality; both ranged from 0 to 100% depending on bioassay arena location. The multiple aerosol release positions tended to have more bioassay arenas with higher knockdown and mortality, and had a more consistent impact across all arena locations, yet there were still areas on the mill floor where little adult beetle efficacy was observed. The effect of each aerosol on T. confusum adults is a culmination of how the aerosol was applied, the distance the aerosol particles traveled, and the complexity of a milling facility.
A comparison of sensitization kinetics in 304 and 316 stainless steels

The effects of tensile and cold rolling strain (up to 40%) over a range of grain sizes ranging from 300 μm to 10 μm on sensitization (and desensitization) were observed and compared for 304 and 316 stainless steel having a constant carbon content of 0.05%; at 670°C. Rapid sensitization-desensitization was observed for both materials at the smallest grain size, and plots of degree of sensitization (DOS) data with time, temperature, and tensile strain coupled with chromium diffusivity data for 304 stainless steel allowed activation energies to be calculated from corresponding Arrhenius plots utilizing supplemental data from Beltran, et al. [1] at 625°C and 775°C. Values of 1.9 and 2 kcal/mol were found for unstrained and 20% strained samples for 11 μm grain size while corresponding values at 175 μm grain size were 55 and 32 kcal/mol respectively. Activation energies for unstrained and 10% strained 316 stainless steel for 135 μm grain size were found to be 76 and 64 kcal/mol, respectively. Sensitization was more rapid for cold-rolling versus tensile straining in both stainless steels, and there was no detectable sensitization for the largest grain size regime of the 316 stainless steel up to 10 h aging time at 670°C.
Microscopy with Ions: A Brief History

Every microscope requires a high brightness, reliable, stable source of illumination in order to function, and both the quality and the quantity of the illumination provided will determine, and ultimately limit, the performance of the instrument. Each type of microscope will have its own type of illuminating source. For a high-performance scanning electron or ion microscope, the most desirable property of the beam source is that the source must have a high brightness.
Implications for understanding ischemic stroke as a sexually dimorphic disease: the role of pial collateral circulations

Our work compared the function of leptomeningeal anastomoses between male and female adult normotensive rats with no sex difference found. We also confirmed no sex difference in primary and pial co...
Variation in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests relates to inhibitory control and shifting in children with autism spectrum disorder

Symptoms of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in autism are theoretically linked to executive functioning, which includes problem-solving abilities such as inhibition and cognitive flexibility. This study examined whether inhibition and flexibility are related to higher order restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (e.g. circumscribed interests and ritualistic behavior) and sensorimotor behaviors (e.g. stereotyped and repetitive movements and sensory preoccupations) among 102 school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder who had cognitive abilities in the average or above average range. The ability to inhibit interfering information and shifting ability were related to higher order restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests, and each uniquely accounted for variance. This suggests that the ability to suppress interfering information as well as the ability to flexibly shift between patterns of responding is protective against higher order restricted and repetitive behaviors and interest symptoms in autism. In addition, the ability to proactively slow one's reaction time in order to respond more carefully was related to sensorimotor restricted and repetitive behaviors. These results support the importance of distinguishing between higher order and sensorimotor symptoms due to their distinct relationships to executive functioning abilities.
Abstract TP75: Distal Hyperintense Vessel Sign on FLAIR as a Predictor of Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Introduction: The distal hyperintensity vessel (DHV) on FLAIR images is a linear/serpentine shaped hyperintensity that is seen not infrequently in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack...
Annual scheduling for anesthesiology medicine residents in task-related programs with a focus on continuity of care

This article presents a new model for constructing annual schedules for medical residents based on the regulations of a German teaching hospital as well as the program restrictions of the German Medical Association. Since resident programs of physicians do not only vary between disciplines but also between countries, it is essential to evaluate the main characteristics of the program. The main difference between the already well-studied resident programs in the US and the one of this article is the task-related structure. Residents need to perform different interventions several times to become specialists. This study will focus on Germany since there was a judgement in 2015 that hospital management needs training schedules guaranteeing the success of the resident program in time. Therefore, a new formulation of a tactical resident scheduling problem is presented. The problem is formulated in two stages considering the total number of interventions, equal progress in training as well as continuity of care. As the second stage of our formulation is a quadratic program and even by linearization standard solvers are not able to generate high-quality solutions within 24 h, a genetic algorithm using standard crossovers is developed for the second stage constructing annual schedules for an existing stock of residents. We evaluate our algorithm by comparing the solutions of the genetic algorithm and standard software with a real-world situation of a German training hospital from 2016.
NP11 Measuring Parent Food-Related Behaviors with Spanish-Speaking Parents of Preschool Aged Children: Reliability and Validation of Mi Niño a la Hora de Comer-Year 4

Objective Present initial reliability results of the Mi Nino scale and validation of scale responses with mealtime observations to determine whether it captures parent food-related behaviors in low-literacy, Spanish-speaking parents of preschool children. Description Mi Nino was developed to capture “parent-centered” and “child-centered” food-related behaviors with items based on the previous English language My Child at Mealtime tool, and tailored through cognitive interviews for low-income Spanish audiences. Factor analysis will be conducted and reliability of the resulting scales tested. Mealtime observations will be used to assess the accuracy of item responses to observed mealtime behaviors. Evaluation Mi Nino was completed by 205 Hispanic parents from WIC or Head Start. Exploratory factor analysis of the responses will be conducted to examine whether the responses correspond to the “parent-centered” and “child-centered” subscales of MCMT. A subsample (n = 60) completed mealtime videotaping in their homes. All videotapes were coded by two independent coders for parent food-related behaviors using Noldus v.10 for the following behaviors: physical manipulation, feeding child, verbal demands to eat, bargaining; eating statements, eating inquiries, requests to eat, preference statements about food, and general food statements. Inter-rater reliability was established between coders through double-coding of 40% of coded videotapes (Cohens kappa > .70). All discrepancies (coded outside of a five-second window of each other or application of different codes) between the two coders on the shared videotapes were resolved through discussion and consensus. The total number of occurrences of each code was exported to SPSS v.22 and then adjusted for the length of the meal, resulting in a rate per minute (RPM) for each behavior. Pearson's correlations will examine whether rate of the observed behaviors corresponds to the behavior rating on the Mi Ninos scale. Conclusion and Implications Parent food-related behaviors are related to the development of obesogenic behaviors in children. Validation of a Spanish language self-assessment tool to capture these behaviors would be a valuable tool to help programs effectively target them for obesity prevention.
Workplace Gender Pay Gaps: Does Gender Matter Less the Longer Employees Stay?:

Research indicates men often receive greater merit rewards than women for the same performance. It is unclear, however, whether gender differences in merit rewards narrow with increasing firm tenur...
ENGage LSU: How to organize and implement an engineering outreach day for middle schoolers

Recent studies have identified that engaging middle school students (grades 6-8) in STEM activities increases their chances of choosing STEM-related disciplines when entering college; however, very few university-sponsored opportunities are available for these students. This paper describes an outreach day for middle school students consisting of hands-on activities focused on bioengineering and nanoengineering with applications to clean energy and water, tissue engineering, disease diagnostics, and the development of new materials.
Clarence Thomas’s Originalist Understanding of the Interstate, Negative, and Indian Commerce Clauses

During his twenty years on the Supreme Court, Justice Clarence Thomas has pursued an original understanding approach to constitutional interpretation. He has been unswayed by the claims of precedent — by the gradual build-up of interpretations that, over time, completely distort the original understanding of the constitutional provision in question and lead to muddled decisions and contradictory conclusions. Like too many layers of paint on a delicately crafted piece of furniture, precedent based on precedent — focusing on what the Court said the Constitution means in past cases as opposed to focusing on what the Constitution actually means — hides the constitutional nuance and detail he wants to restore. Thomas is unquestionably the Justice who is most willing to reject this build-up, this excrescence, and to call on his colleagues to join him in scraping away past precedent and getting back to bare wood — to the original understanding of the Constitution.In what follows, Section I describes Thomas’s originalism and contrasts it with Antonin Scalia’s different kind of originalism. Section II explores Thomas’s originalist understanding of the limits of Congress’s power under the Interstate Commerce Clause. Section III focuses on Thomas’s rejection of the Court’s claim of power to invalidate state laws burdening interstate commerce under the negative Commerce Clause on originalist grounds. Section IV addresses Thomas’s rejection of the view that the Indian Commerce Clause gives the Congress plenary power in Indian country and his call in United States v. Lara for the Court to “examine more critically our tribal sovereignty case law.” Section V concludes.
Pythagoras and Isis

In this article I want to clarify the text of one of the short maxims assigned to Pythagoras in the ancient tradition, which are known as symbola or acusmata. Before I turn to the acusma in question, it is important to understand the context in which it appears. It occurs in Chapter 17 of Book 4 of Aelian's Historical Miscellany (ποικίλη ἱστορία). Aelian's work was written in the early third century a.d. in Rome, and is a ‘miscellaneous collection of anecdotes and historical material’. It consists of short chapters, usually a page or less long, that are for the most part independent of one another. Chapter 17 of Book 4 is about a page long and is devoted to the sayings and doings of Pythagoras. There is no particular connection between it and the surrounding chapters, and it is clearly meant to stand on its own. The preceding chapter (16) tells us that if we went to Callias for guidance he would turn us into drinkers, … if to Alcibiades, arrogant cheats, if to Demosthenes, orators, … if to Aristides, just men, … if to Socrates, wise men. The following chapter (18) recounts an anecdote about Plato's arrival in Sicily and his reception by the tyrant Dionysius the Younger. The chapter that I am concerned with, Chapter 17, begins by asserting that Pythagoras taught that his ‘lineage was superior to that of ordinary mortals’. This is followed by a list of superhuman acts and traits of Pythagoras, for example his ability to be in Metapontum and Croton at the same time and his golden thigh. The second two-thirds of the chapter are then devoted to the miscellaneous teachings of Pythagoras. Most of these take the form of the brief taboos and maxims known elsewhere as symbola or acusmata, among which is the text on which I want to focus here.
What a headache! Double-hit lymphoma with CNS recurrence - Role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

A 59-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of pain in the abdomen and back, along with night sweats. He had a history of insulin-dependent diabetes and coronary artery disease with prior ste...
Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence

A history of maltreatment in childhood may influence adults' parenting practices, potentially affecting their children. This systematic review examines 97 studies investigating associations of parental childhood victimization with a range of parenting behaviors that may contribute to the intergenerational effects of abuse: abusive parenting, problematic parenting, positive parenting, and positive parental affect. Key findings include: (1) parents who report experiencing physical abuse or witnessing violence in the home during childhood are at increased risk for reporting that they engage in abusive or neglectful parenting; (2) a cumulative effect of maltreatment experiences, such that adults who report experiencing multiple types or repeated instances of victimization are at greatest risk for perpetrating child abuse; (3) associations between reported childhood maltreatment experiences and parents' problematic role reversal with, rejection of, and withdrawal from their children; (4) indirect effects between reported childhood maltreatment and abusive parenting via adult intimate partner violence; and (5) indirect effects between reported childhood maltreatment and lower levels of positive parenting behaviors and affect via mothers' mental health. Thus, childhood experiences of maltreatment may alter parents' ability to avoid negative and utilize positive parenting practices. Limitations of this body of literature include few prospective studies, an overreliance on adults' self-report of their childhood victimization and current parenting, and little examination of potentially differential associations for mothers and fathers.
100th anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: Single-molecule studies of synthetic polymers

Single polymer studies have revealed unexpected and heterogeneous dynamics among identical or seemingly similar macromolecules. In recent years, direct observation of single polymers has uncovered ...
Comparing geographic information system-based estimates with trauma center registry data to assess the effects of additional trauma centers on system access.

BACKGROUND Geographic information systems (GISs) are often used to analyze trauma systems. Geographic information system-based approaches can model access to a trauma center (TC), including estimates of transport time and population coverage, when accurate trauma registry and emergency medical systems (EMS) data are not available. We hypothesized that estimates of trauma system performance calculated using a standard GIS method with public data would be comparable with trauma registry data. METHODS A standardized GIS-based method was used to estimate metrics of TC access in a regional trauma system in which the number of TCs increased from one to three during a 3-year period. Registry data from the index TC in the system were evaluated for different periods during this evolution. The number of admissions to the TC in different periods was compared with changes predicted by the GIS-based model, and the distribution of observed ground-based transportation times was compared with the predicted distribution. RESULTS With the addition of two TCs to the system, the volume of patients transported by ground to the index TC decreased by 30%. However, the model predicted a 68% decrease in population having the shortest predicted transport time to the index TC. The model predicted the geographic trend seen in the registry data, but many patients were transported to the index TC even though it was not the closest center. Observed transport times were uniformly shorter than predicted times. CONCLUSION The GIS-based model qualitatively predicted changes in distribution of trauma patients, but registry data highlight that field triage decisions are more complex than model assumptions. Similarly, transport times were systematically overestimated. This suggests that model assumptions, such as vehicle speed, based on normal traffic may not fully reflect emergency medical systems (EMS) operations. There remains great need for metrics to guide policy based on widely available data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiological, level III.
Peer-to-peer Collaborative Vehicle Health Management – the Concept and an Initial Study

Advanced vehicle diagnostics and prognostics (D&P) technology enhances ownership experience and reduces corporate warranty cost. D&P performance optimization requires significant algorithm tuning and a large amount of test data collection, which is resource consuming. In this paper, we propose a novel D&P framework called Collaborative Vehicle Health Management (CVHM) to automatically optimize the D&P algorithms on a host vehicle, using the field data collected from peer vehicles encountered on the road. The carefully designed system architecture and learning algorithms enhance D&P performance without costly human intervention. The experimental results on battery remaining useful life prediction show the effectiveness of the proposed framework. This proposed framework has been implemented in a small test fleet as a proof-of-concept prototype.
Properties of ultra-high performance concrete using optimization of traditional aggregates and pozzolans

Abstract The properties of ultra-high performance concretes (UHPCs) made with traditional fine aggregates, different cementitious materials types and combinations, and varying steel fiber contents and shapes were studied. In the first phase, a total of 78 UHPCs were used to assess their compressive and splitting-tensile strengths, and drying shrinkage, which led to identifying 40 optimized mixtures for the second phase of the investigation for which their compressive, splitting-tensile, and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, load–deflection response, and drying shrinkage properties were obtained. The outcome of this study revealed that the optimized UHPCs displayed excellent bulk properties and dimensional stability. Amongst the utilized cementitious materials combinations, UHPCs made with the combined silica fume and class F fly ash, as a partial replacement of cement, performed the best, whereas the companion mixtures incorporating only class F fly ash exhibited the contrary. A clear strain hardening and softening was observed in the load–deflection response of steel fiber-reinforced UHPCs. Due to better steel to concrete surface adhesion, straight steel fibers had a more positive influence on the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the studied UHPCs when compared to those of the hooked fibers. Overall, this experimental study supports that, with proper gradations and proportioning, traditional fine aggregates can be used as an effective substitute for the expensive filler materials used for production of the proprietary UHPCs without compromising their mechanical properties and dimensional stability.
A regional spatial planning model for multifunctional green infrastructure

There is a growing interest in planning for green infrastructure, as well as a growing recognition of the multifunctional nature of green infrastructure, since it provides many social and environme...
Theoretical modeling and neritic monitoring of loggerhead Caretta caretta [Linnaeus, 1758] sea turtle sex ratio in the southeast United States do not substantiate fears of a male-limited population.

Sea turtles are among several hundred species whose sex is determined by incubation conditions during critical developmental periods. Consequently, these marine reptiles may be vulnerable to global climate change, and under the assumption of continued climate warming, numerous studies pose dire predictions for future populations based primarily on hatchling sex ratio data. Alternatively, as long-lived species that take decades to reach maturity, without inherent coping mechanisms for such change, sea turtles could not have persisted across geological epochs. Globally, loggerhead Caretta caretta [Linnaeus, 1758] sea turtles occupy temperate zones, with ontogenetic development that spans the entirety of gyres associated with respective ocean basins. The largest rookery for this species occurs in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA) population, where a 30-year cycle in annual nest counts is reported through 2018. Complementary studies document a lagged association between these annual nest counts and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO); however, the underlying mechanism for this association remains elusive. Therefore, objective 1 evaluated the effect of AMO-mediated cohort resonance on the demographic structure of a theoretical neritic assemblage under variable cohort abundance and female proportion but stable annual survival during 165-year runs (i.e., extent of AMO data). For objective 2, blood samples were used to assign sex to 2217 loggerhead sea turtles captured by research trawling (2000 to 2019) on the inner continental shelf from St. Augustine, FL (29.9°N) to Winyah Bay, SC (33.1°N). Shorter oceanic duration of less female-biased cohorts from the AMO cold phase synchronized peak adult male and adult female co-occurrence during subsequent warm phases three decades later. Grand sex ratio predicted from testosterone was 67% female (n = 1484), with a slight temporal female decline. Our findings suggest greater population sex ratio plasticity than predicted solely from terrestrial nesting data.
Data Schema to Formalize Education Research & Development Using Natural Language Processing

Our work aims to aid in the development of an open source data schema for educational interventions by implementing natural language processing (NLP) techniques on publications within What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). A data schema demonstrates the relationships between individual elements of interest (in this case, research in education) and collectively documents elements in a data dictionary. To facilitate the creation of this educational data schema, we first run a two-topic latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model on the titles and abstracts of papers that met WWC standards without reservation against those of papers that did not, separated by math and reading subdomains. We find that the distributions of allocation to these two topics suggest structural differences between WWC and non-WWC literature. We then implement Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) scoring to study the vocabulary within WWC titles and abstracts and determine the most relevant unigrams and bigrams currently present in WWC. Finally, we utilize an LDA model again to cluster WWC titles and abstracts into topics, or sets of words, grouped by underlying semantic similarities. We find that 11 topics are the optimal number of subtopics in WWC with an average coherence score of 0.4096 among the 39 out of 50 models that returned 11 as the optimal number of topics. Based on the TF-IDF and LDA methods presented, we can begin to identify core themes of high-quality literature that will better inform the creation of a universal data schema within education research.