cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online Appendix for: 'Does a Procurement Service Provider Generate Value for the Buyer through Information about Supply Risks?'

We consider a supply chain with one buyer and two suppliers who are subject to disruptions and whose likelihoods of disruption are their private information. In such a setting, does the buyer benefit from engaging the services of a better-informed procurement service provider (PSP) compared to procuring directly from the suppliers? Intuition might suggest that hiring a PSP is always the right choice because the PSP’s knowledge of the supply base improves supplier selection and management. On the other hand, earlier studies prove that using a PSP purely for its superior knowledge about supply costs is always worse for a buyer than contracting with the suppliers directly. Our answer to this research question is more nuanced. Contrary to the findings of earlier studies, we find that the buyer may benefit from using a PSP. We identify, quantify, and explain all of the benefits and the costs of using a PSP, and describe conditions under which the benefits exceed the costs. The benefits of using a PSP are derived when one supplier is of the high reliability and the other is of the low reliability, from a reduction of informational costs due to implicit supplier collusion facilitated by the PSP and an improvement of supply availability. The costs of using a PSP are derived when both suppliers are of the low reliability, from the loss of direct control over the supplier’s production actions, which leads to reduced supply availability and increased informational costs, and from the PSP facilitating implicit supplier collusion. Comparative statics analysis indicates that using the PSP is valuable only if the buyer diversifies with some supplier-type combinations but not others, and that hiring a PSP is not a solution to the problem of an unreliable supply base.
Abstract 2868: Use of methionine metabolites in predicting recurrent prostate cancer affordably

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Prostate cancer is often an over-treated disease due to our inability to distinguish its indolent & aggressive manifestations. Aggressive prostate cancer is characterized by its ability to survive & proliferate at hypoxic & nutrient deficient conditions in local or distant sites of metastasis. Metastatic progression is associated with recurrent disease following local therapeutic intervention. Cancer cells can utilize sulfur as terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen in the generation of ATP under anaerobic conditions. Accordingly, we have previously demonstrated that patients with recurrent prostate cancer following prostatectomy have elevated sulfur containing amino acids, homocysteine (p value = 0.003), cystathionine (p value = 0.04), & cysteine (p value 80% enzyme conversion of homocysteine & cystathionine. Helicobacter pylori CBS & CGL had been cloned & expressed in E. coli after codon optimization & purified using N-terminal cellulose binding domain (Clostridium thermocellum). Following incubation, samples were filtered & incubated with polymer-coated gold-nanorods & Cu2+ at room temperature. Subsequent absorption spectrum analysis demonstrated a sharp red-shift of longitudinal plasmon peaks in a concentration linearly dependent on the concentration of free cysteine (0 - 100 µM; R2 > 0.94). The plasmon peak shift took place due to end to joining of gold-nanorods resulting formation of linear chains, validated by transmission electron microscopic visualization. The translation of the method of our findings was determined by measuring cysteine in mice xenografted with metastatic prostate tumors. Cysteine measurements were correlated to tumor progression by longitudinal monitoring of luciferase labeled tumor (ARCAPM) bioluminescent detection. Finally, 60 annotated serum samples of prostate cancer patients were analyzed retrospectively. The serum was collected prior to prostatectomy & outcomes followed up to five years following prostatectomy. Biochemically recurrent & non-recurrent subjects were successfully distinguished using this modified gold nano-rod technique. The advantages of this system over the existing methods include: its adaptability to high throughput analysis, economical, minimal sample requirement (∼200 µl), & reduced technical complexity. Citation Format: Diptiman Choudhury, Subhash Haldar, Neil A. Bhowmick. Use of methionine metabolites in predicting recurrent prostate cancer affordably. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2868. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2868
Use of magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal prognosis of the fetus with isolated left congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Objectives To investigate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance-calculated fetal lung volumes (FLV) in fetuses with isolated left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (L-CDH) who receive standardized prenatal and postnatal care at a single institution. Materials and methods A retrospective review was undertaken to identify fetuses with isolated L-CDH between 2001 and 2010. Results Eighty-five cases of isolated L-CDH were identified. The overall survival was 65% (55/85). Survival was 45% if there was ‘liver up’ (23/51) and 94% if there was ‘liver down’ (32/34). Univariate statistical analysis showed that ‘liver up’ (p = 0.001), lung-to-head ratio (LHR) at diagnosis (p = 0.009), observed/expected (O/E) LHR (p = 0.01), total FLV (p = 0.03), right LV (p = 0.04), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) observed versus expected (O/E) FLV (p = 0.002), intrathoracic versus intraabdominal stomach (p = 0.002), percentage of herniated liver (p = 0.004), and postnatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (p = 0.001) are predictive of postnatal survival. Multivariate analysis of only prenatal factors showed that the most important determinants of postnatal outcome are percentage of herniated liver, presence of liver up, and MRI O/E FLV. Conclusion Herniated intrathoracic liver expressed as ‘liver up’ or as percent herniated liver and MRI measurement of FLV expressed as a O/E ratio are strong prenatal indicators of postnatal survival. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paradoxical aspects of parkinsonian tremor

Although resting tremor is the most identifiable sign of Parkinson's disease, its underlying basis appears to be the most complex of the cardinal signs. The variable relationship of resting tremor to other symptoms of PD has implications for diagnosis, prognosis, medical and surgical treatment. Structural lesions very rarely cause classic resting tremor, with likely contributions to tremor by a network of neurons both within and outside the basal ganglia. Patients with only resting tremor show dopaminergic deficits with radioligand imaging, but severity of tremor correlates poorly in such dopamine imaging studies. Correlation of tremor severity to changes in radioligand studies is also limited by the use of mostly qualitative measures of tremor severity. A complex pharmacologic basis of parkinsonian resting tremor is supported by treatment studies. Although levodopa is clearly effective for resting tremor, several agents have shown efficacy that appears to be superior or additive to that of levodopa including anticholinergics, clozapine, pramipexole, and budipine. Although the thalamus has the greatest body of evidence supporting its role as an effective target for surgical treatment of tremor, recent studies suggest that the subthalamic nucleus may be a reasonable alternative target for patients with Parkinson's disease and severe tremor as the predominant symptom.
PARRHESIA, PHAEDRA, AND THE POLIS: ANTICIPATING PSYCHOANALYTIC FREE ASSOCIATION AS DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE

This essay explores the mostly unexamined analogy of psychoanalytic free association to democratic free speech. The author turns back to a time when free speech was a matter of considerable discussion: the classical period of the Athenian constitution and its experiment with parrhesia. Ordinarily translated into English as “free speech,” parrhesia is startlingly relevant to psychoanalysis. The Athenian stage—in particular, Hippolytus (Euripides, 5th century BCE)—illustrates this point. Euripides’s tragic tale anticipates Freud’s inquiries, exploring the fundamental link between free speech and female embodiment. The author suggests that psychoanalysis should claim its own conception of a polis as a mediated and ethical space between private and public spheres, between body and mind, and between speaking and listening communities.
Absolutely continuous Hardy–Sobolev functions in the unit disc

Abstract Let f ( z ) be an analytic function defined in the unit disc whose fractional derivative of order 1 p belongs to H p , 0 p ⩽ 1 . We show that as a consequence of a monotonicity condition on the decay of the Taylor coefficients, it is possible to improve the usual radial boundary growth estimate for H p functions by a logarithmic factor. As a consequence we show that under certain regularity conditions imposed on the decay and oscillations of the absolute values of the function's Taylor coefficients, it is possible to estimate the function's modulus of continuity and modulus of absolute continuity and that a consequence of this is that as p → 0 , these functions will be generally smoother. Examples are also given of Hardy–Sobolev functions having modulus of absolute continuity different than modulus of continuity.
Hydrophobic Side Chain Dynamics of a Glutamate Receptor Ligand Binding Domain

Ionotropic glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate much of the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. The extracellular ligand binding core (S1S2) of the GluR2 subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors can be produced as a soluble protein with properties essentially identical to the corresponding domain in the intact, membrane-bound protein. Using a variety of biophysical techniques, much has been learned about the structure and dynamics of S1S2 and the relationship between its ligand-induced conformational changes and the function of the receptor. It is clear that dynamic processes are essential to the function of ionotropic glutamate receptors. We have isotopically labeled side chain methyls of GluR2 S1S2 and used NMR spectroscopy to study their dynamics on the ps-ns and μs-ms time scales. Increased disorder is seen in regions that are part of the key dimer interface in the intact protein. When glutamate is bound, the degree of ps-ns motion is less than that observed with other ligands, suggesting that the physiological agonist binds to a preformed binding site. At the slower time scales, the degree of S1S2 flexibility induced by ligand binding is greatest for willardiine partial agonists, least for antagonists, and intermediate for full agonists. Notable differences among bound ligands are in the region of the protein that forms a hinge between two lobes that close upon agonist binding, and along the β-sheet in Lobe 2. These motions provide clues as to the functional properties of partial agonists and to the conformational changes associated with lobe closure and channel activation.
Mathematical Analysis of the Length-of-Arc Assumption

Abstract The observation by Maday in 1974 that the Schmidt-Duffin solution to the optimal fin profile problem was flawed due to neglect of the slant height factor led to a new solution—actually, a demonstration of the ill-posedness of the question—by Snider. The present article proves mathematically that omission of this factor leads inevitably to underestimation of the heat transfer capability of any fin. Additionally, a perturbation scheme for estimating the correction for this effect is derived for configurations with low generalized Biot numbers, and a revised assessment of the performance of the Schmidt fin is presented.
Sensory evaluation and marketing: measurement of a consumer concept

An abstract concept for a group of consumers was measured in terms of membership of various stimuli within that concept, using a simple ranking task. Consumers (N=72) ranked 20 commercial toothpastes according to their concepts of appearance of refreshingness. From these data, two R-index analyses were performed. Firstly, R-indices were calculated with reference to a concept exemplar (noise stimulus). Secondly, R-indices were computed pairwise, producing a rank order of refreshingness, with the R-indices indicating the spacing between the ranks. Two different ranking protocols were applied: standard ranking and first choice ranking. Rank orders were compared (Spearman's rho) for consumers both within and between methods and both were highly correlated; the two protocols were therefore equivalent. Also, consumer hedonic data correlated highly with refreshingness. Transparent blue was ranked as most refreshing, followed by a paste with 3 shades of blue stripes. Off-whites (ivory, off white, grayish white) were least refreshing in appearance.
Dabigatran: Will It Replace Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation?

Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, is the first oral alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran offers several potential advantages over warfarin including ease of dosing, fewer drug interactions, and the lack of required coagulation monitoring. However, its overall effectiveness and safety will depend upon appropriate patient selection. This article discusses factors that should be taken into account when considering dabigatran for patients with atrial fibrillation.
A Reverse Transcriptase/Maturase Promotes Splicing by Binding at Its Own Coding Segment in a Group II Intron RNA

Group II introns encode reverse transcriptases that promote RNA splicing (maturase activity) and then with the excised intron form a DNA endonuclease that mediates intron mobility by target DNA-primed reverse transcription (TPRT). Here, we show that the primary binding site for the maturase (LtrA) encoded by the Lactococcus lactis Ll.LtrB intron is within a region of intron domain IV that includes the start codon of the LtrA ORF. This binding is enhanced by other elements, particularly domain I and the EBS/IBS interactions, and helps position LtrA to initiate cDNA synthesis in the 3' exon as occurs during TPRT. Our results suggest how the maturase functions in RNA splicing and support the hypothesis that the reverse transcriptase coding region was derived from an independent genetic element that was inserted into a preexisting group II intron.
Fission reactor neutron sources for neutron capture therapy — a critical review

The status of fission reactor-based neutron beams for neutron capture therapy (NCT) is reviewed critically. Epithermal neutron beams, which are favored for treatment of deep-seated tumors, have been constructed or are under construction at a number of reactors worldwide. Some of the most recently constructed epithermal neutron beams approach the theoretical optimum for beam purity. Of these higher quality beams, at least one is suitable for use in high through-put routine therapy. It is concluded that reactor-based epithermal neutron beams with near optimum characteristics are currently available and more can be constructed at existing reactors. Suitable reactors include relatively low power reactors using the core directly as a source of neutrons or a fission converter if core neutrons are difficult to access. Thermal neutron beams for NCT studies with small animals or for shallow tumor treatments, with near optimum properties have been available at reactors for many years. Additional high quality thermal beams can also be constructed at existing reactors or at new, small reactors. Furthermore, it should be possible to design and construct new low power reactors specifically for NCT, which meet all requirements for routine therapy and which are based on proven and highly safe reactor technology.
TGF-beta downmodulates cytokine-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expression in human endothelial cells. A putative role for TGF-beta in the modulation of TNF receptor expression.

The expression of chemokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, by many cell types contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We examined MCP-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) following cytokine treatment. We specifically compared the effect of TGF-β1 on this cytokine-induced expression, as TGF-β has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects on EC. EC expressed MCP-1 mRNA and protein in response to TNFα, IFNγ or IL-1β but not TGF-β1. TGF-β1 in cotreatment with either TNFα or IL-1β, but not IFNγ, significantly decreased MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression, as compared to TNFα or IL-1β treatment alone. Pretreatment with TGF-β had no effect on any cytokine-induced MCP-1 expression. TGF-β had no effect on MCP-1 mRNA stability. Examination of TNF receptor expression by flow cytometry revealed that TNFα treatment caused a decrease of p75 expression on the cell surface. The p55 receptor was not detected at the cell surface, but was localized intracellul...
Marked Synergism In Vitro with the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LBH-589 and Classical Agents: Potential New Leads for Combination Therapy.

Background: Clinical studies of new agents with targeted effects have been tempered by the poor single agent activity in solid tumors of most of these agents with the exception of trastuzumab and lapatinib. In addition, off-target effects may also play a role in their anti-cancer activities so their putative mechanism of action may not be applicable. As a consequence, a combinatorial approach of combining agents has been employed in the clinic with little regard of whether or not the combination may display synergy or antagonism. As over 400 drugs are in development, the clinical trials mechanism can only evaluate a paucity of agents. Methods: We have employed median effect analysis of drugs applied to human cancer cells in short term log phase culture, combined with curve shift analysis, to identify potential interesting combinations(such as tyrosine kinase dual Her2/EGFR inhibitors with capecitabine)and to discard antagonistic combinations (AntiCancer Drugs. 17: 921-928, 2006). This technique allows schedule to be examined and up to three agents combined simultaneously. The following human breast cancer cell lines were used: MCF7/wt (ER+), MCF7/adr (ER-, Her2+ multiply resistant), BT474 (ER+, Her2+), SK-BR3 (ER-, P53 mutant, Her2+), HCC-1395 (triple negative), and HTB-25 (triple negative). LBH-589 (gift of Novartis USA)is a histone deacetylase inhibitor in clinical trials with broad biological effects including perturbation of survivin, pro-apoptotic effects, induction of differentiation, and non cycle dependent effects (Int J Ca 121: 1138, 2007). Results: This agent was combined with more classical agents. Synergism (CI at Fa50 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5061.
Comparison of phenoloxidase activity from Florida spiny lobster and Western Australian lobster

Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) isolated from cuticle of Western Australian lobster (Panulirus cygnus) and Florida spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) catalyzed oxidation of catechol and DL-β-3,4-dihydroxyphenyla!anine (DL-DOPA). The PPO from Florida lobster showed a higher substrate affinity than that from Australian lobster. They both showed higher affinity for catechol than for DL-DOPA, and optimal pH stability at 7.0. The enzymes differed with respect to activation energy and thermal stability. Electrophoretic patterns using SDS-PAGE indicated PPO from Western Australian lobster had two isoforms while Florida spiny PPO had three isoforms. These results suggest variations in enzyme activity may contribute to differences in susceptibility to melanosis between the two species.
29Si NMR Kinetic Study of Tetraethoxysilane and Ethyl-Substituted Ethoxysilane Polymerization in Acidic Conditions

29Si NMR is used to quantify the polymerization kinetics of silicon alkoxide intermediates in acidic sol−gel processes well before gelation. Reaction conditions are chosen (a) to minimize interference by hydrolysis kinetics and differing degrees of hydrolysis and (b) to investigate the possibility of single-step copolymerization. At the composition chosen hydrolysis reactions rapidly reach pseudoequilibrium, so condensation rate coefficients can be easily determined. We compare condensation rate coefficients of hydrolyzed intermediates from tetraethoxysilane {Si(OEt)4}, ethyltriethoxysilane {EtSi(OEt)3}, and diethyldiethoxysilane {Et2Si(OEt)2} at a constant initial water and catalyst concentration. A surprisingly strong negative first-shell substitution effect is caused by connectivity for each system and is discussed. This substitution effect depends on the degree of condensation of both reacting groups but more so on the less connected one. We also comment on a decrease in condensation reactivity and an...
Electroformed dies from Thiokol and silicone impressions

Abstract Copper and silver electroformed dies were made from Thiokol and silicone impressions of steel dies and two series of prepared Dentoform-type teeth. Observations of the dimensional accuracy and surface characteristics of the resulting dies were made. Critical evaluation of the metal dies revealed that none reproduced the original quite as well as the stone dies. Silver plating of Thiokol was found to be the most reliable procedure producing fairly accurate and clinically acceptable metal dies. The results did indicate that copper dies from silicone impressions were more accurate than were silver dies from silicone impressions, but neither compared favorably with electroformed dies made from Thiokol impressions.
Shield-like upper mantle velocity structure below the Indo-Gangetic Plains: Inferences drawn from long-period surface wave dispersion studies

Abstract Shield-like upper mantle velocity structure has been inferred to exist below the Indo-Gangetic Plains from a study of mantle Rayleigh and Love wave group and phase velocities for periods extending to 200 seconds. The investigations have been carried out for the path between the World Wide Standard Seismic Network Stations at Chiengmai (CHG), Thailand, and New Delhi (NDI), India, for an earthquake with its epicenter in the New Hebrides Islands. Application of improved frequency time analysis has permitted measurement of regional surface wave dispersion for periods extending to several minutes; previous results for this region were for periods no greater than about one minute.
An autopsy study of 1206 acute and chronic leukemias (1958 to 1982)

Autopsy data on 1,206 children and adult patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) (585), chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) (204), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (308), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (109) obtained from 1958 to 1982 were reviewed. This analysis has shown that, whereas the proportion of patients with residual AML at any anatomic site decreased significantly and uniformly over the entire study period, significant corresponding decreases in patients with CGL and ALL occurred only since 1976 and 1978, respectively. No significant corresponding decreases were noted in patients with CLL at any time. Significant decreases were also noted over time in the rates of extramedullary site involvement by AML, CGL, and ALL. Whereas the lymphoreticular organs, kidneys, adrenals, and pituitary were most often involved at autopsy by CLL, the testes, leptomeninges, dura mater, uterus, large bowel, and pancreas were most often involved by ALL. In general, patients with AML and CGL showed the lowest relative rates of involvement of the various organs by leukemia during the 24-year period. Whereas patients with AML and ALL showed significant decreases in the rates of involvement of nearly all anatomic sites during the most recent study periods, those with CGL and CLL showed corresponding decreases in only a few organ sites. The lower rates of organ involvement in patients with AML and ALL attest to the more aggressive eradication of leukemic cells by therapeutic regimens in these diseases over time. In particular, the significant decrease in the rate of meningeal involvement by ALL during the most recent period is probably attributable to central nervous system prophylaxis.
The Women, Gender, and Science Question: What Do Research on Women in Science and Research on Gender and Science Have to Do with Each Other?

La contribution des femmes a l'histoire et la philosophie des sciences est analysee, ainsi que les questions qui ont emerge depuis leur participation dans le monde scientifique
Persistent marriage regimes in changing times.

Marriage among women in Latin America occurs early in life and is nearly universal in spite of the social and economic changes and instability in the region. We use demographic measures to illustrate the precociousness, persistence, and universality of marriage during the past 50 years. We argue that marriage is central to social life because families serve as an important cultural institution for countering the vicissitudes of the economy. Women's roles within families and households are key, as has been illustrated by the growth of literature on household survival strategies during the 1980s and 1990s, when the region experienced widespread economic crisis and restructuring.
Bacterial Virus Gene Expression in Human Cells

Human fibroblasts, from a patient with congenital lack of α-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity, have been infected with transducing bacteriophage that harbours either wild type or defective transferase gene. Infection only by the former phage initiates transferase synthesis.
Methamphetamine neurotoxicity and striatal glutamate release: comparison to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

The effect of repeated administration of either methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or vehicle on the extracellular concentrations of glutamate (GLU), aspartate, taurine, dopamine (DA) and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), was studied in awake, freely moving rats using in vivo microdialysis. MA (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) administered every 2 h for a total of 3 injections, increased the extracellular concentration of GLU in the anteromedial striatum. By contrast, neither vehicle nor MDMA (9.2 and 13.8 mg/kg) increased GLU efflux following repeated administration. Both MA and MDMA increased the extracellular concentration of DA in the striatum. However, the cumulative increase in DA was significantly greater in the MDMA treated animals as compared to the MA group. The concentrations of DA, serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites were determined in the striatum 7 days following the repeated administration of MA, MDMA and vehicle. MA, but not MDMA or vehicle, decreased the concentration of DA in the striatum. Conversely, MDMA (13.8 mg/kg) decreased the concentration of 5-HT, whereas MA, MDMA (9.2 mg/kg) and vehicle had no effect on striatal 5-HT content. These data are suggestive that the long-term (7 day) DA neurotoxicity produced by the repeated administration of MA is mediated, in part, by a delayed increase in extracellular concentrations of GLU. In contrast, repeated administration of MDMA, at a dose which produced a long-term (7 day) depletion of striatal 5-HT content, had no effect on GLU efflux in the striatum.
Invited Reaction: Black and White Women Managers--Access to Opportunity.

In a survey of Black and White women managers, Linda M. Hite identifies differences in the managers' perceptions of opportunities available to different race and gender groups. Her findings reveal divergent beliefs about the opportunities for people of color; there is more similarity in Black and White women's views when comparing opportunities for White women and men for getting hired, promoted, receiving salary increases, and other workplace challenges. When making comparisons with either men or women of color, White women are far more optimistic about the opportunities for people of color than are Black women. Hite uses this study to explore the lack of attention to race and racial discrimination among White women, whose views are often assumed to represent all women in management. HRD practice and research can look more closely at the perceptions and experiences of Black women to learn how better to promote their careers, since strategies that increase the number of White women might not be helpful in advancing the careers of Black and other women of color.
Electrochemisorption of hexahydroxylplatinate(IV) on thin titania films

The electrochemisorption of hexahydroxyplatinate(IV) on titania films is examined as a function of deposition potential over a range from 0.0 to 1.0 V vs. SCE. The samples were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Both XPS and AES analyses show that the amount of platinum deposited is maximized at 0.8 V vs. SCE. Also, the oxygen-to-titanium ratio correlates with the amount of platinum deposited. XPS shows that the deposited platinum consists of a mixture several different oxidation states with the two predominant states corresponding to Pt(OH)2 and Pt bonded as PtOTi. Very little metallic platinum, PtO or PtO2 is observed.
Midcrustal, Long-period Earthquakes beneath Northern California Volcanic Areas

Long-period (LP) volcanic earthquakes are commonly associated with magma migration and magmatic interactions with hydrothermal systems in the shallow crust. Swarms of shallow (depths < 5 km) LP earthquakes serve as one of the more robust seismic precursors to volcanic eruptions (Chouet, 1996). LP earthquakes also occur at mid- to lower crustal depths beneath young volcanic systems (Hasegawa et al. , 1991; Koyanagi et al. , 1987; White, 1996). In this paper, we document the occurrence of LP earthquakes at midcrustal focal depths beneath each of the major volcanic centers in northern California that have produced late-Quaternary to recent eruptions. These volcanic centers include the Mount Shasta-Medicine Lake complex, Lassen Peak, Clear Lake, and the Mammoth Mountain-Mono Craters complex (Figure 1). In addition, we find a small cluster of LP's beneath the central Sierra Nevada 30 km west-southwest of Mammoth Mountain. Seismograms of LP earthquakes differ from the much more common broadband signature of brittle-failure (BF) earthquakes in that they are relatively deficient in energy at frequencies above 5 Hz and have an extended, ringing coda (Figure 1). Their onsets are sometimes impulsive with relatively clear P and S phases but are more commonly rather emergent. They have comblike spectra with dominant peaks generally from 1–5 Hz and often (but not always) in a harmonic relation to one another. The LP earthquakes described in this paper were all detected and located using stations within the Northern California Seismic Network (NCSN). They have focal depths ranging from 10-35 km and are systematically located near or below the base of the seismogenic crust as defined by the maximum focal depth of nearby and much more numerous BF earthquakes. The LP earthquakes are small, with amplitude magnitudes of M ∼2.5 or less. Their dominant spectral peaks are typically in the range …
Temporal lobe white matter asymmetry and language laterality in epilepsy patients.

Abstract Recent studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have advanced our knowledge of the organization of white matter subserving language function. It remains unclear, however, how DTI may be used to predict accurately a key feature of language organization: its asymmetric representation in one cerebral hemisphere. In this study of epilepsy patients with unambiguous lateralization on Wada testing (19 left and 4 right lateralized subjects; no bilateral subjects), the predictive value of DTI for classifying the dominant hemisphere for language was assessed relative to the existing standard—the intra-carotid Amytal (Wada) procedure. Our specific hypothesis is that language laterality in both unilateral left- and right-hemisphere language dominant subjects may be predicted by hemispheric asymmetry in the relative density of three white matter pathways terminating in the temporal lobe implicated in different aspects of language function: the arcuate (AF), uncinate (UF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculi (ILF). Laterality indices computed from asymmetry of high anisotropy AF pathways, but not the other pathways, classified the majority (19 of 23) of patients using the Wada results as the standard. A logistic regression model incorporating information from DTI of the AF, fMRI activity in Broca's area, and handedness was able to classify 22 of 23 (95.6%) patients correctly according to their Wada score. We conclude that evaluation of highly anisotropic components of the AF alone has significant predictive power for determining language laterality, and that this markedly asymmetric distribution in the dominant hemisphere may reflect enhanced connectivity between frontal and temporal sites to support fluent language processes. Given the small sample reported in this preliminary study, future research should assess this method on a larger group of patients, including subjects with bi-hemispheric dominance.
Self-tuning control with a priori plant knowledge

Most adaptive control methods assume the plant to be completely unknown except for a parameterized structure. Often, however, the plant will have some dynamic modes which are known and do not vary. This paper presents two methods for including a priori plant knowledge in the explicit self-tuning controller (STC). The first method constrains the plant estimates to be consistent with the known information. The second method filters the measurements in an attempt to remove the known dynamics and to estimate only the unknown dynamics. The stability and convergence of these methods is studied. The first method, while stable, is quite numerically complex. The second method is superior. It gives a controller of reduced computational burden and increased robustness to non-persistently exciting signals.
SOLID-STATE LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES BASED ON THE TRISCHELATED RUTHENIUM(II)COMPLEX. 1. THIN FILM BLENDS WITH POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)

Thin-film solid-state light-emitting devices have been fabricated by using blends of a trischelated complex of ruthenium(II) with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonate ligands and lithium triflate complexed poly(ethylene oxide). Charge injection occurs via an electrochemical redox mechanism and the mechanism of light production is similar to electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Orange-red light is emitted with a turn-on voltage of 2.5−3.0 V. At 6 V, devices reach luminance levels of about 100 cd/m2 with an external quantum efficiency of 0.02% photons/electron. The admixed PEO acts both as a film processing aid, giving uniform, homogeneous, and reproducible devices, and as a polymer electrolyte for ruthenium complex and counterion diffusion. Devices reach about 50% of their maximum luminance within a few seconds, and reach maximum luminance in about a minute. This behavior can be realized without the need of elaborate charging schemes involving the use of elevated temperatures or solvent treatments t...
Macromolecular substrates for the ICE-like proteases during apoptosis

The interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (ICE) family of proteases is an important component of the mechanism of the apoptotic process, but the physiologic roles of the different homologs during apoptosis remain unclear. Significant information about the roles of proteolysis in apoptosis will be gained through identification of the distal substrates through which these proteases achieve their pro-apoptotic effects. Identification of these substrates therefore remains an important challenge. A subset of autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) recognize molecules that are specifically cleaved early during apoptosis. Several of the identified autoantigens are nuclear proteins (PARP, U1-70 kDa, and DNA-PKCS) that are substrates for CPP32 in vitro and in apoptotic cells. Of note, these substrates are catalytic proteins involved in homeostatic pathways, suggesting that abolition of homeostasis is one fundamental feature ensuring the rapid irreversibility of the apoptotic process. Identification of the other substrates for this protease family will provide the tools to assess the roles of the different proteases in apoptotic death. J. Cell. Biochem. 64:50–54. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rich services: addressing challenges of ultra-large-scale software-intensive systems

Ultra-Large-Scale (ULS) Software-Intensive Systems are the new frontier for Software Engineering research and development. The requirements space for ULS encompasses, in particular, the system-of-systems integration challenge. This challenge is characterized by the inherently distributed nature of the constituent systems and the integration solution, the typically interdisciplinary back-ground from which these constituent systems emerge, the need to address a broad spectrum of crosscutting concerns as part of the integration fabric, and a significant amount of agility both in the integration architecture and the development process to accommodate changing requirements over time. In this position paper, we discuss some of the consequences we see emerging from this challenge, propose an architectural blueprint for addressing them, and present future research directions.
Clinical implications of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance, favor endometrial origin.

BACKGROUND. The Bethesda System recommends qualifying atypical glandular cells with regard to their possible origin: endocervical versus endometrial. This study was undertaken to determine the clinical significance of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance that favor an endometrial origin (AGUS-EM). METHODS. A computer search identified 62 cervicovaginal smears (5.25% of all smears classified as AGUS) with a diagnosis of AGUS-EM in the files of Shared Cytopathology Laboratory of New York University Medical Center/Bellevue Hospital Medical Center between January 1995 and December 1999. The patients ranged in age from 29 years to 88 years (mean age, 53 years). Thirty-four patients were postmenopausal (55%), and 5 patients were on hormonal replacement therapy. Follow-up was available for 56 patients (90%); 45 patients (73%) underwent biopsy, and 11 patients (17%) had repeat cervicovaginal smears. Six patients were lost to follow-up. RESULTS. Among patients who underwent biopsy, 14 patients (31%) had a clinically significant uterine lesions, including 6 (13%) endometrial adenocarcinomas, 5 (11%) endometrial hyperplasias, and 3 (7%) squamous lesions (2 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 1 squamous cell carcinoma). Ten of 11 patients with significant endometrial pathology findings were postmenopausal. The remaining 31 patients had benign pathology results, which included chronic cervicitis, endometritis, endometrial polyps, microglandular hyperplasia, and tubal metaplasia. Among the patients with repeat cervicovaginal smears, one patient had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; the remaining patients were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS. Approximately one-third of women with a diagnosis of AGUS-EM had a significant uterine lesion on subsequent biopsy; the majority of these lesions were endometrial in origin. Patients with a diagnosis of AGUS-EM on cervicovaginal smears should be followed closely, and endometrial curettage or biopsy should be included in their initial work-up. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2001;93:351‐ 6. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Excessive Force in War: A "Golden Rule" Test

The use of excessive force in war is an all-too-familiar phenomenon that resists an obvious philosophical solution. A principle that prohibits disproportionate use of force is commonly recognized. Yet I argue that an adequate proportionality principle is more difficult to formulate than may appear. There are too many morally relevant considerations to be weighed — especially harms to combatants versus noncombatants, depending on which side they are on — and we have no clear idea how to weigh them. These difficulties are avoided through the dominant understanding of proportionality codified in international law and military practice, which rules out only attacks that intentionally target civilians or that involve negligence in targeting or conduct. We should find it harder to deny that use of force can be excessive despite conforming to these narrow constraints. Specifically, we can clearly identify as excessive the use of force in pursuit of unjust goals. This will still leave a range of hard cases in which there is a just cause for war. For these cases, I propose a "golden rule" test of the sincerity of deliberation about whether a use of force would be excessive. Relying on narrow constraints that would govern use of force in war can be morally worse than not having them. The golden rule test can help to direct us toward broader, reasonable moral considerations regarding excessive force.
Correlations of Henry's Law Gas-Solid Virial Coefficients and Chromatographic Retention Times for Hydrocarbons and Halocarbons Adsorbed on Carbopack C Carbon.

Abstract Second gas–solid virial coefficients were determined at 403.5 ± 0.5 K for 6 adsorbates, including butane, chloroform, trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11), bromochloromethane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, and dibromodifluoromethane. For another 11 adsorbates, including dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12), chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22), methyl chloride, methylene chloride, propane, n -pentane, n -hexane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloropropane, butyl chloride, and cyclohexane, B 2s was measured over a range of temperatures between 308 and 494 K. These values were found using gas–solid chromatography with Carbopack C (Supelco Inc.), a graphitized carbon black powder, as the adsorbent. We find that both the ln B 2s values and the gas–solid interaction energies are effectively correlated with adsorbate-calculated molar refractivity, r 2 = 0.947 and r 2 = 0.964, respectively. Dipole moment alone provides a nearly random correlation of ln B 2s and, if used with molar refractivity, gives r 2 = 0.970 for the 17 hydrocarbon and alkyl halide (halocarbon) adsorbates. A theoretical equation was developed that predicts a quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) used to correlate ln B 2s values with molar refractivity. B 2s values are directly proportional to the retention times of the adsorbates. Using one-surface and two-surface models, a calculation of the surface area of the Carbopack C for each of the 17 adsorbates provided a check on the consistency of the analysis as the adsorbate was varied.
Mesh Plug Migration After a Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair

Even though inguinal hernia repairs are one of the most common surgery but the techniques have been evolving over the years. The evolution has been from open to minimally invasive surgery. Recently r obotic surgery has gained popularity and is now well accepted for surgeries of the pelvis and the prostate. Inguinal hernias are detected in 20-30% of patients undergoing robotic radical prostatectomy, and are concomitantly repaired. A 50-year-old male presented with a non reducible groin mass. He had a prior history of a robotic prostatectomy with a concurrent mesh plug repair of direct inguinal hernia repair three years ago . Preoperative workup revealed mesh plug migration and intra operatively, it was noted that the robotically placed pre-peritoneal mesh plug had migrated through the internal ring into the inguinal canal. Excision of the plug with an open mesh repair of the inguinal hernia was done. A high degree of suspicion helped in correct management of the patient. When dealing with a patient with a prior history of robotic pelvic surgery who presents with a groin mass, mesh migration should be a part of the differential diagnosis. Pre-operative imaging in this select group of patients can aid in making the correct diagnosis and management plan. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a mesh plug migration after a robotic inguinal hernia repair. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/j cs186 w
Effect of Peeling on Total Phenols, Total Glycoalkaloids, Discoloration and Flavor of Cooked Potatoes

The effect of peeling on the total phenols, total glycoalkaloids (TGA), discoloration, and flavor of 50–80g sized cooked potatoes was studied. Three methods of cooking were studied; (1) boiling in distilled water; (2) boiling in 16% NaCl solution; and (3) steaming. In all three methods, potatoes cooked without the peel were lower in phenolic and TGA content, discolored less, and were less bitter than potatoes cooked with the peel. During cooking phenols migrated from the peel into both the cortex and internal tissues of the potato. Glycoalkaloids were less mobile than phenols and migrated only into the cortex. The movement of phenols and TGA into the cortex increased both discoloration and bitterness in potatoes cooked with the peel.
On the inability of magnetically constricted transition regions to account for the 105 to 106 K plasma in the quiet solar atmosphere

Although ‘back conduction’ from the corona has been shown to be inadequate for powering EUV emission below T ≈ 2 × 105 K, it is thought to be adequate in the temperature range 2 × 105 K < T < 106 K. No models to date, however, have included the large magnetic constriction which should occur in the legs of coronal loops where conductive ‘transition regions’, hitherto thought to contain the bulk of the plasma in this higher temperature range, are located. On the basis of fine scale magnetograms, Dowdy et al. (1986) have estimated that these magnetic flux tubes are constricted from end to end by an areal factor of approximately 100. Furthermore, on the basis of simple steady-state conductive models, Dowdy et al. (1985) have shown that the large constriction can inhibit the conductive flow of heat by an order of magnitude. We are thus led to re-examine static models of this region of the atmosphere which incorporate not only conduction and radiation but also the effects of large magnetic constrictions. We find that the structure of this plasma depends not only on the magnitude of the constriction but also on the tube's shape. Our results show that no model with a constriction of order 100 can simultaneously (a) produce the variation of differential emission measure with temperature derived from measured line intensities and (b) satisfy the observed constraint (Reeves, 1976) that EUV emission from below T ≈ 7 × 105 K be confined to the supergranular network, covering no more than 0.45 of the solar surface. The failure of the models suggests that the bulk of the 105–106 K plasma in the quiet solar atmosphere is not in ‘transition region’ structures, but is instead magnetically isolated from the corona and heated internally. Even though the ‘transition region’ component of 105–106 K plasma in the legs of coronal loops should exist, it comprises only a small fraction of the total 105–106 K plasma and, hence, produces only a small fraction of the observed EUV emission from this temperature range. We also find that for any permitted tube shape, constriction factors of order 100 reduce the coronal conductive energy losses to the transition region to a value which is less than a third of the value for an unconstricted field, i.e., to less than 2 × 105 erg cm −2 s −1. In particular, if the magnetic geometry of the upper transition region is extremely concave (i.e., ‘horn’-shaped geometry with most of the areal divergence near the hot end), then a constriction of order 100 results in a conductive loss of less than 1 × 104 erg cm−2 s−1 and, hence, much less than the coronal radiative energy loss. For such geometries, the constriction in the magnetic field hence provides an effective thermal insulation of the corona from the cooler parts of the solar atmosphere.