cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Anterior Pituitary Perfusion and Intraventricular Injection of Catecholamines and Indoleamines on LH Release

The median eminence, pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary as well as the adjacent diencephalon were exposed through a parapharyngeal approach to enable us to visualize these structures directly and to inject isotonic salt solutions containing dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin or melatonin into the third ventricle, a stalk portal vessel or the basilar artery of anesthetized male rats. The rate of LH release in these animals was evaluated from the changes in the concentration of serum LH as determined by radioimmunoassay. Within 10 min after 1.25 μg of dopamine hydrochloride was injected into the third ventricle, the serum LH concentration had increased 4-fold. After 20 min, the serum LH level had increased 9-fold. At 30 and 60 min after the injection, there was a moderate decline followed by a steady rise for at least 1 hr. At the end of the 120-min observation period, the serum LH level was 20 times greater than that of the control animals which received an isotonic salt solution only. Fo...
Robust smoothing to improve position estimates of vocalizing marine mammals

The problem of robust smoothing of position estimates provided by passive localization methods is considered. A new robust statistic is introduced, and the smoothing algorithm is represented in the closed form. The proposed technique is based on a priori information regarding the maximum speed of the animal and the typical accuracy provided by the measuring system. The test results demonstrate that the proposed smoother provides a high degree of position estimate accuracy when more than 50% of the initial position estimates are contaminated by outliers.
Cobalt Inhibits the Interaction between Hypoxia-inducible Factor-α and von Hippel-Lindau Protein by Direct Binding to Hypoxia-inducible Factor-α

The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activates the expression of genes that contain a hypoxia response element. The α-subunits of the HIF transcription factors are degraded by proteasomal pathways during normoxia but are stabilized under hypoxic conditions. The von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) mediates the ubiquitination and rapid degradation of HIF-α (including HIF-1α and HIF-2α). Post-translational hydroxylation of a proline residue in the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of HIF-α is required for the interaction between HIF and VHL. It has previously been established that cobalt mimics hypoxia and causes accumulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. However, little is known about the mechanism by which this occurs. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that cobalt binds directly to the ODD domain of HIF-2α. Here we provide the first evidence that cobalt inhibits pVHL binding to HIF-α even when HIF-α is hydroxylated. Deletion of 17 amino acids within the ODD domain of HIF-2α that are required for pVHL binding prevented the binding of cobalt and stabilized HIF-2α during normoxia. These findings show that cobalt mimics hypoxia, at least in part, by occupying the VHL-binding domain of HIF-α and thereby preventing the degradation of HIF-α.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of Sfh3, a member of the Sec14 protein superfamily

Sec14 is the major phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)/phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) transfer protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is the founding member of the Sec14 protein superfamily. Recent functional data suggest that Sec14 functions as a nanoreactor for PtdCho-regulated presentation of PtdIns to PtdIns kinase to affect membrane trafficking. Extrapolation of this concept to other members of the Sec14 superfamily suggests a mechanism by which a comprehensive cohort of Sec14-like nanoreactors sense correspondingly diverse pools of lipid metabolites. In turn, metabolic information is translated to signaling circuits driven by phosphoinositide metabolism. Sfh3, one of five Sec14 homologs in yeast, exhibits several interesting functional features, including its unique localization to lipid particles and microsomes. This localization forecasts novel regulatory interfaces between neutral lipid metabolism and phosphoinositide signaling. To launch a detailed structural and functional characterization of Sfh3, the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity, diffraction-quality crystals were produced and a native X-ray data set was collected to 2.2 A resolution. To aid in phasing, SAD X-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.93 A resolution from an SeMet-labeled crystal at the Southeast Regional Collaborative Access Team at the Advanced Photon Source. Here, the cloning and purification of Sfh3 and the preliminary diffraction of Sfh3 crystals are reported, enabling structural analyses that are expected to reveal novel principles governing ligand binding and functional specificity for Sec14-superfamily proteins.
Parallel constrained minimization for interactive protein modeling

A coarse-grain parallel algorithm for nonlinear constrained minimization allows interactive modeling of electrostatic interactions in proteins. The constrained minimization problem is the basis of a graphical protein modeling system called Sculpt. While a user interactively changes a protein structure or explores protein-drug interaction, Sculpt maintains protein properties such as bond lengths and non-bonded atom separation. Between screen updates, Sculpt finds a focal energy minimum that satisfies constraints specifying ideal bond lengths and angles. This paper shows a parallel algorithm that models electrostatic interactions in 3500-atom proteins at two updates per second on an eight-processor SGI Challenge, a 7.2-times improvement over the sequential algorithm. These results are demonstrated through applications of Sculpt in biochemistry and drug design. >
Adrenal function in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis.

The frequency, extent and importance of adrenal involvement in pulmonary tuberculosis, and the role of the adrenal in the clinical symptomatology of this disease have been the subject of widely divergent opinions for many years. This lack of unanimity has a variety of reasons, some of fundamental Importance. All too often, judgment as to the presence or absence of adrenal cortical hypo-function has been based solely on clinical criteria such as gastrointestinal disturbances, asthenia, hypotension, and so forth; these symptoms, though usually present in severe adrenal insufficiency, are by no means pathognomonic, and their significance is particularly difficult to interpret in a disease such as tuberculosis where intestinal lesions, malnutrition, and debility are so common. Thorn’ states, as a matter of fact, that the differential diagnosis of Addison’s disease may present great difficulty “in patients with established tuberculosis elsewhere (i.e., not in the adrenal) whose excessive weakness, gastrointestinal symptoms or pigmentation raises the question of adrenal involvement” unless detailed studies of adrenal function are performed. The small, globular heart which forms part of the clinical picture of the now discredited “habitus phthisicus” and which was thought to bear some relationship to the small heart commonly found in Addison’s disease has been shown by us to have no relation to adrenal function, as far as could be judged by available criteria.2 Even isolated biochemical data may be misleading in this problem, for low serum sodium values have been observed in patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis but without any evidence of adrenal failure.3 Other biochemical attempts to study adrenal function by highly roundabout means have served only to confuse the picture further. Trautwein,4 studying liver glycogen in tuberculous patients by indirect tests, found that depletion of liver glycogen exists in such patients, and that repletion could be induced by the administration of adrenal cortical substance. This and similar data were considered to be evidence of adrenal cortical insufficiency. Actually, they merely demonstrate well-known physiological effects of adrenal cortical hormones, and can be observed clinically as well as In starved nonadrenalectomized animals. Experiments of this type, then, cannot add to our knowledge of the adrenal status in tuberculosis. Abderhalden and Abderhalden5 claim that certain urinary proteases reflect adrenal cortical activity. On the basis of this measurement, they state that nearly all severe cases, as well as 36 per cent of “mild” cases of tuberculosis show disturbance of adrenal function.
Coronary bypass using the internal mammary artery.

in its normal orientation. Now, everyone feels uncomfortable if the image is upside down. If the available ultrasound equipment does not have an “invert” switch, the recorded images may be photographed and the negative inverted to make prints with the heart right side up for publication. The 2-dimensional echocardiogram has become the most widely used noninvasive imaging technique for evaluation of the heart. Its value is diminished by clinging to the custom of showing the heart upside down when imaged by echocardiography, but rightside up when imaged by roentgenography, angiography or nuclear cardiology. I believe there are several steps toward the solution to this problem: (1) Medical journals could insist that 2-dimensional echocardiograms be oriented in the anatomical position. (2) The American Society of Echocardiography could make a stronger recommendation regarding image orientation. (3) The major scientific cardiology meetings could require standardization of image orientation to minimize audience confusion. (4) Physicians and technicians performing echocardiography should insist that the manufacturers of ultrasound equipment provide the means of visualizing the heart in its normal orientation when imaged from the apical or subcostal locations.
DIFFERENTIAL CONCENTRATION OF HORMONES IN THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL ZONES OF THE BOVINE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND1

SMITH (1923) demonstrated that anterior pituitary gland material obtained from the central and cortical portions of the beef gland differed in effect when tested on the hypophysectomized tadpole. The cortical material stimulated growth without metamorphosis, whereas material derived from the medullary region provoked metamorphosis with cessation of growth. Since he found that the medullary zone is rich in basophilic cells and that acidophils predominate in the cortical portion, these experiments suggested that the thyrotropic and growth hormones of the beef hypophysis are associated with the basophilic and acidophilic cells, respectively. Schooley and Riddle (1938) and Friedman and Hall (1941) have also utilized the spatial distribution of the chromophilic cells of the beef anterior hypophysis to determine whether the concentration of other pituitary hormones varies with the distribution of one or the other of these cell types. Prolactin was found by these workers in greater concentration in the cortical ...
Effective weight loss management with endoscopic gastric plication using StomaphyX device: is it achievable?

Abstract Background Despite the effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in promoting excess weight loss, 40% of the patients regain weight. Endoscopic gastric plication (EGP) using the StomaphyX device can serve as a less-invasive procedure for promoting the loss of regained weight. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the StomaphyX device in sustaining ongoing weight loss in patients who have regained weight after RYGB at the Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Howard University Hospital. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing EGP using the StomaphyX device from April 2008 to May 2010. The patient demographics and clinical information were assessed. Effective weight loss and the proportion of weight lost after EGP relative to the weight regained after achieving the lowest weight following RYGB was calculated. Results A total of 27 patients underwent EGP using the StomaphyX device; of these, most were women (n = 25, 93%) and black (n = 14, 52%), followed by white (n = 11, 42%), and Hispanic (n = 1, 4%). The median interval between RYGB and EGP was 6 years, with an interquartile range of 5–8 years. After the EGP procedure, the median effective weight loss was 37% (interquartile range 24–61%). Of the 27 patients, 18 had ≥6 months of follow-up after EGP. Eleven patients had achieved their lowest weight at 1–3 months, 7 at 6 months, and 3 at 12 months. Of the 18 patients, 13 (72%) experienced an increase in weight after achieving their lowest weight after EGP. Conclusion The use of the StomaphyX device achieved the maximum effective weight loss during the 1–6-month period after EGP.
Dimension reduction using feature extraction methods for real-time misuse detection systems

We present a novel signed gain in information (GI) measure for quantitative evaluation of gain or loss in information due to dimension reduction using feature extraction in misuse detection applications. GI is defined in terms of sensitivity mismatch measure (/spl Phi/) and specificity mismatch measure (/spl otimes/). '/spl Phi/' quantifies information gain or loss in feature-extracted data as the change in detection accuracy of a misuse detection system when reduced data is used instead of untransformed original data. Similarly, '/spl otimes/' quantifies information gain or loss as the change in the number of false alarms generated by a misuse detection system when feature-extracted data is used instead of original data. We present two neural network methods for feature extraction: (1) NNPCA and (2) NLCA for reducing the 41-dimensional KDD Cup 1999 data. We compare our methods with principal component analysis (PCA). Our results show that the NLCA method reduces the test data to approximately 30% of its original size while maintaining a GI comparable to that of PCA and the NNPCA method reduces the test data to approximately 50% with GI measure greater than that of PCA.
HEAVY Z BOSON DECAYS TO W, Z AND HIGGS BOSONS IN E6 SUPERSTRING MODELS

We report on the decays of a heavy neutral gauge boson Z2 into W+W−, the Z and a Higgs boson, or two Higgs bosons in superstring-inspired electroweak models with an extra U(1) gauge group, two Higgs doublets and a Higgs singlet. The branching ratios for these processes are generally similar and two boson decay modes of Z2 must exist at the few percent level if kinematically accessible, although the bosonic modes which dominate in any given scenario depend on the U(1) quantum numbers and mixing in the Higgs sector.
Crystallization and Linear Dichroism Measurements of the B800-850 Antenna Pigment-Protein Complex from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 2.4.1

Crude chromatophore membranes of R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 were purified by differential centrifugation and suspended in buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 2mM Tris — EDTA) to a final absorbance A 850 1cm. An equal volume of 1.6% (w/v) β;-D-octylglucopyranoside (βOG) in water was added at room temperature, and the resulting solubilizate centrifuged at ~2×105 g for 60 min. at 4° C. The supernatant was brought to room temperature, and 10% nonanoyl-N-methyl-glucamide (Nga) was added to a final concentration of 1%. The B800-850-complex was isolated by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose in the presence of 1% Nga and buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, lmM EDTA-Tris, 1 mM β;-mercaptoethanol). The B800-850-complex was eluted with 200 mM NaCl in Nga and buffer. Further purification was accomplished by repeating the DEAE chromatography. For the crystallization, 1% βOG was substituted for Nga by repeated concentration and dilution in an Amicon concentration cell and a final dialysis.
Beyond the Identity Theory

Extensions of Lockean and Kantian concepts offer new insights into the neurophysiology of consciousness. The Identity Theory as presented herein is plausible and leads to major revisions in concept...
Cortisone in the treatment of patients with ragweed pollinosis; determination of changes in sensitivity of the mucosa produced by pre-and co-seasonal cortisone administration.

Abstract 1.1. Fourteen patients having hay fever or a combination of hay fever and asthma due to ragweed were given oral cortisone. The hormone was administered for a short time several months before the ragweed season and again during the pollinating season. Changes in the mucous membrane sensitivity of the eye, nose, and bronchi were determined quantitatively during both periods. 2.2. Symptoms of hay fever were more difficult to control than were those of asthma. 3.3. Ten patients developed untoward reactions. Cortisone had to be discontinued in 3 patients because of severe complications. Reasons for this high rate of side reactions are suggested. 4.4. Cortisone given out of season decreased the sensitivity of the mucosa to ragweed extract. The greatest change occurred in the organs primarily affected. 5.5. After obtaining relief from cortisone administered during the pollinating season, a dilution of pollen weaker than that required prior to the season produced a reaction of the mucosa. 6.6. The time of disappearance of intracutaneously injected saline or histamine was somewhat lengthened by cortisone. The disappearance time of hyaluronidase was markedly prolonged. The altered reaction to hyaluronidase is discussed. 7.7. There was no detectable change in the titers of the skin sensitizing antibody or the thermostable antibody in the patients treated with cortisone.
Breastfeeding initiation among macrosomic infants born to obese nondiabetic mothers.

Abstract Background: Women who are overweight or obese are at risk for maternal and neonatal medical complications, including macrosomia (birth weight ≥4,000 g), that may contribute to breastfeeding initiation failure. This study examined factors associated with breastfeeding initiation among obese women without diabetes who delivered macrosomic infants. Study Design and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from 2008 to 2011. Based on prepregnancy body mass index (in kg/m2), women were classified as normal (18–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obese (30–34.9), very obese (35–39.9), and extremely obese (≥40). Intention to breastfeed was ascertained prenatally, and breastfeeding initiation was defined if at discharge ≥50% of the infant feedings were breastmilk. Results: Twenty-nine percent of the population was overweight, 23% obese, 14% very obese, and 12% extremely obese. Intention to breastfeed was similar among normal-weight, overweight, obese, and very obese women but was significantly lower ...
An Alternative Approach to Establishing a Studio Doctorate in Fine Art

As soon as the creative arts migrated from academies into colleges and universities, questions about accreditation and evaluation arose. From its inception, the master of fine arts (MFA) degree has been problematic. Although the College Art Association published standards for the MFA in 1977, confusion remains between this terminal degree and the nonterminal master’s degree (MA) in fine arts. Some believe that the solution to this problem is to establish the PhD as the terminal degree in fine arts; however, this solution is problematic in other ways: Standard approaches to research and publication in PhD programs do not mesh with the reality of studio-based creative inquiry and production. A better solution might be the development of a doctor of fine arts (DFA) degree.
Olfactory responses of aquatic and terrestrial tiger salamanders to airborne and waterborne stimuli

Electro-olfactograms (EOGs) were used to assess olfactory responding by aquatic larval and terrestrial adult tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) to airborne volatile compounds, and volatile and non-volatile compounds in aqueous solution. Both forms of salamander showed saturation effects to presentations of airborne stimuli (Fig. 2). Saturation was not observed, however, to stimulus presentations in aqueous solution (Figs. 2, 3). When threshold values and concentration-response curve parameters were compared, non-volatile amino acids in solution were more potent stimuli for larvae while airborne volatiles were more potent stimuli for adults (Tables 1, 2). We infer that metamorphosis in the tiger salamander is accompanied by changes in olfactory response characteristics, due possibly to changes in receptor population, changes in perireceptor properties (e.g. mucus) or to changes in stimulus access.
Study Designs and Tests for Comparing Resource Use and Availability II

We review 87 articles published in the Journal of Wildlife Management from 2000 to 2004 to assess the current state of practice in the design and analysis of resource selection studies. Articles were classified into 4 study designs. In design 1, data are collected at the population level because individual animals are not identified. Individual animal selection may be assessed in designs 2 and 3. In design 2, use by each animal is recorded, but availability (or nonuse) is measured only at the population level. Use and availability (or unused) are measured for each animal in design 3. In design 4, resource use is measured multiple times for each animal, and availability (or nonuse) is measured for each use location. Thus, use and availability measures are paired for each use in design 4. The 4 study designs were used about equally in the articles reviewed. The most commonly used statistical analyses were logistic regression (40%) and compositional analysis (25%). We illustrate 4 problem areas in resource selection analyses: pooling of relocation data across animals with differing numbers of relocations, analyzing paired data as though they were independent, tests that do not control experiment wise error rates, and modeling observations as if they were independent when temporal or spatial correlations occurs in the data. Statistical models that allow for variation in individual animal selection rather than pooling are recommended to improve error estimation in population-level selection. Some researchers did not select appropriate statistical analyses for paired data, or their analyses were not well described. Researchers using one-resource-at-a-time procedures often did not control the experiment wise error rate, so simultaneous inference procedures and multivariate assessments of selection are suggested. The time interval between animal relocations was often relatively short, but existing analyses for temporally or spatially correlated data were not used. For studies that used logistic regression, we identified the data type employed: single sample, case control (used-unused), use-availability, or paired use-availability. It was not always clear whether studies intended to compare use to nonuse or use to availability. Despite the popularity of compositional analysis, we do not recommend it for multiple relocation data when use of one or more resources is low. We illustrate that resource selection models are part of a broader collection of statistical models called weighted distributions and recommend some promising areas for future development.
The Changing Face Of Philanthropy In Higher Education: Case Of Historical Black Institutions In The Eastern Region

ome scholars from schools of thought examined the word philanthropy and the impact it has on higher education in a two-week seminar sponsored by the Lilly Foundation at the Indiana UniversityPurdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). These scholars came from all disciplines such as social work, history, sociology, English, psychology, language, communication, liberal education, American humanists, anthropology, religion and philosophy. This seminar aimed at integrating new fields of study in philanthropy such as endowment, foundation, voluntarism, donation, civil society and advocacy into multidisciplinary courses and how they relate to academic disciplines. The practices of organized philanthropy and voluntary association have played an important role in shaping the character of the economic, political and social life of American society unlike other developing societies.
Decreased stature associated with moderate blood lead concentrations in Mexican-American children.

The relationship of blood lead concentration to stature was evaluated by examining data from a sample of 1454 Mexican-American children aged 5-12 y, derived from the data sets ofthe Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) conducted in 1982-1984. The results indicate that there is an inverse relationship between blood lead concen- tration in the range 0. 14-1 .92 �zmol/L with stature. The present finding suggests that growth retardation may be associated even with moderate concentrations of blood lead. Therefore, per- missible exposure levels of lead for children deserve reexami- nation in light of the present analysis. Am J C/in Nutr 1991:54:516-19.
Boosting on a Budget: Sampling for Feature-Efficient Prediction

In this paper, we tackle the problem of feature-efficient prediction: classification using a limited number of features per test example. We show that modifying an ensemble classifier such as AdaBoost, by sampling hypotheses from its final weighted predictor, is well-suited for this task. We further consider an extension of this problem, where the costs of examining the various features can differ from one another, and we give an algorithm for this more general setting. We prove the correctness of our algorithms and derive bounds for the number of samples needed for given error rates. We also experimentally verify the effectiveness of our methods.
The Importance of Instructor Clarity and Its Effect on Student Learning: Facilitating Elaboration by Reducing Cognitive Load

Instructors can employ a variety of effective teaching behaviors, such as those that reflect clear instruction, to increase the odds that students experience success in their courses; however, despite instructional communication scholars’ theoretical understanding of why clarity should enhance student learning, empirical investigations have largely stopped short of demonstrating the link. The current study examined perceptions from 253 undergraduate students to determine how clarity may impact learning through the indirect effects of receiver apprehension and, subsequently, the deep processing of information. Results of a serial mediation analysis support the contention that an appropriate explanation for the effect of clarity on learning is that it reduces students’ extraneous cognitive load, which subsequently influences their propensity to deeply process classroom information.
Budget Folkways and Folklore: Comments on “Strategic Misrepresentation in Budgeting”

Reading the recent article in the Journal, "Strategic Misrepresentation in Budgeting," by L.R. Jones and K.J. Euske, put me in mind of three or four budgeters swapping stories about the latest ploys and deceptions they have used to get their agency budgets approved at a "comfortable" funding level. And I could imagine sitting with a seasoned budget examiner who asks, "Did I ever tell you about the time I caught the Commerce Department trying to slip. . ."
The Role of Pollution Prevention in Stormwater Management

Around the nation, there is growing interest in the development and use of environmentally sensitive construction materials as a low-cost component to stormwat…
Drawing and Writing in Digital Science Notebooks: Sources of Formative Assessment Data

Formative assessment strategies are used to direct instruction by establishing where learners’ understanding is, how it is developing, informing teachers and students alike as to how they might get to their next set of goals of conceptual understanding. For the science classroom, one rich source of formative assessment data about scientific thinking and practice is in notebooks used during inquiry-oriented activities. In this study, the goal was to better understand how student knowledge was distributed between student drawings and writings about magnetism in notebooks, and how these findings might inform formative assessment strategies. Here, drawing and writing samples were extracted and evaluated from our digital science notebook, with embedded content and laboratories. Three drawings and five writing samples from 309 participants were analyzed using a common ten-dimensional rubric. Descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that fourth-grade student understanding of magnetism was distributed unevenly between writing and drawing. Case studies were then presented for two exemplar students. Based on the rubric we developed, students were able to articulate more of their knowledge through the drawing activities than through written word, but the combination of the two mediums provided the richest understanding of student conceptions and how they changed over the course of their investigations.
Concept mapping, reflective writing, and patchwork text assessment in a first-year pharmaceutical care course

Abstract Background The aim of this work was to aid learner׳s understanding and application of the complexities of pharmaceutical care practice. Specifically, this initiative sought to design, implement, and evaluate student perceptions of and performance on a longitudinal sequence of concept mapping (CM), reflective writing (RW), and patchwork text (PT) activities in a first-year Foundations of Pharmaceutical Care (FPC) course. Educational activity To encourage examination of the complexities of pharmaceutical care practice, three iterations of combined CM and RW (or PT) occurred throughout the semester, along with peer sharing. The sequence was evaluated by examining student work and student documentation of peer sharing, as well as a survey. The sequence was completed by 163 (99.4%) students. Satisfactory ratings were achieved on final concept mapping assignments by 97% of participants and 80% of students agreed/strongly agreed that, through re-review of work they could see that their understanding of the topic had improved over time. Critical analysis The deliberate pairing, sequencing, and repeating of CM, RW, and critical appraisal (CA), provided instructors with a more thorough and precise understanding of student knowledge and the ability to monitor, acknowledge, and respond to student learning as it occurred over the course of a semester.
Illustrations of Fungi—XXIII

In Mycologia for January, I916, an index was given to the species illustrated in the first 22 articles of this series, the drawings of which were prepared by Mr. Edward C. Volkert. The plate accompanying the present article is from original studies by Miss Mary E. Eaton; and the descriptions are largely taken from Dr. Burlingham's monograph of the American species of Russula recently published in Volume 9, part 4, of North American Flora. For descriptions of the 13 species of Russula previously figured in this series, see Mycologia 4: pl. 68, 76, and 7: pi. I6o, 163.
(2,2-Bi­pyridine N,N′-dioxide-κ2O,O′)­di­chloro­mercury(II)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [HgCl2(C10H8N2O2)], the Hg atom has severely distorted tetrahedral coordination by two Cl atoms and by two O atoms of the chelating ligand. Additional weak Hg⋯Cl bonds link the mol­ecules into a chain.
The human insulin receptor cDNA: a new tool to study the function of this receptor.

AbstractThe human insulin receptor (hIR) is an integral transmembrane glycoprotein comprised of two α and two β subunits. An immediate consequence of insulin binding to the extracellular α subunit is the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the intracellular domain of the β subunit. The placental hIR cDNA has been cloned and sequenced, providing the primary structural features of the protein.In order to investigate the functions of the β subunit and particularly the role of autophosphorylation and tyrosine phosphokinase (TPK) activity (a feature shared by other receptors and oncogene proteins) in transmembrane signalling, we designed an expression system of the hIR cDNA in eucaryotic cells. Superexpressing CHO cell lines that contain about 106 functional hIR/cell have been developed. In these cells half maximum stimulation of glucose uptake occurs at 5x 10-10M insulin, whereas normal CHO cells require 5x 10-12M insulin. In this expression system we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis experim...
Cost effective algorithms for spectral bandits

We consider stochastic sequential learning problems where the learner can observe the average reward of several actions. Such a setting is interesting in many applications involving monitoring and surveillance, where the set of the actions to observe represent some (geographical) area. The importance of this setting is that in these applications, it is actually cheaper to observe average reward of a group of actions rather than the reward of a single action. We show that when the reward is smooth over a given graph representing the neighboring actions, we can maximize the cumulative reward of learning while minimizing the sensing cost. In this paper we propose CheapSpectralEliminator, an algorithm that matches the regret guarantees of the known algorithms for this setting and at the same time guarantees a linear cost again over them. We show that the algorithm achieves the lower bound of Ω(√dT) on the cumulative regret, where d denotes the effective dimension.
Wideband Directional Channel Characterization for Multiuser MIMO Systems Over a Random Rough Dielectric Ground

In this study, small perturbation method (SPM) and Kirchhoff approximation (KA) are incorporated into ray-tracing (RT) routines to model multiuser multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) channels formed on a rough dielectric terrain. The effect of surface roughness and correlation length, solid soil fractions, moisture content, link range, antenna height, polarization, radiation pattern, and carrier frequency are examined on received power, power delay and angular profiles, root mean square (RMS) delay and angular spread, coherence bandwidth, and coherence distance. Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal that antenna directionality and terrain undulation and textural composition have significant impacts on the received signal power and channel multipath parameters and, hence, the performance of MU-MIMO terrain-based communication systems.
Legal Abortion and the Hospital's Role

The function of the hospital in performing a legal abortion was examined in relation to the experiences of New York City. It was suggested that abortion patients be interviewed and counselled by members of their own community trained in aspects of anatomy physiology reproduction and contraception in order that they may be prepared for any potential problems. Counselors must be sympathetic and understanding in order to help patients through any emotional crises. It is imperative that such services be offered at the time of abortion. Doctors need to assess patients carefully with an eye to the risks of side effects. Clinics should be established which might handle 15 abortions per day outside the hospital. Cost for abortions in such clinics should be less and such clinics would also be of psychological benefit to women wanting abortions who might be upset by being near pregnant women who want children in a hospital. Maximum care should be taken to insure that patients are charged fairly and not subjected to mistreatment. As of now only licensed physicians may perform abortions but in the future it may be possible for trained midwives to perform this function. No physician should be required to perform an abortion if this would violate his religious beliefs. Abortion complications have decreased in number during the first year of legalized abortion in New York from 8.5 per 1000 cases to 5.5 per 1000 cases. It is hoped this decline will continue and that all restrictions on abortions in this country will be eliminated as a result of the New York experience so that any woman who wants an abortion can receive one in her home community safely and quickly.
Solution of input double-line frequency ripple rejection for high-efficiency high-power density string inverter in photovoltaic application

One important type of power conditioning systems in photovoltaic (PV) application is the string inverter which requires small input voltage and current ripple. In addition, high-efficiency and high-power density are also the critical requirements for string inverter system. So the input voltage and current ripple cannot be easily rejected by paralleling large conventional electrolytic capacitors in the inverter input side only, since the huge electrolytic capacitors will limit the efficiency and power density. This paper presents a control strategy to limit the input double-line frequency ripple with a high-efficiency and high-power density front-end buck-type dc/dc converter. The double-line frequency energy is stored at the DC bus capacitor with the control strategy employed and the input current and voltage ripple are highly reduced compared with traditional electrolytic capacitor filter. Experimental results based on a 2-kW 6.6 inch3 hardware prototype with 99.6% peak efficiency are provided to validate the proposed double-line frequency ripple rejection control method.
Regulation of Pancreatic Islet Beta-Cell Mass by Growth Factor and Hormone Signaling

Dysfunction and destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells is a hallmark of diabetes. Better understanding of cellular signals in beta cells will allow development of therapeutic strategies for diabetes, such as preservation and expansion of beta-cell mass and improvement of beta-cell function. During the past several decades, the number of studies analyzing the molecular mechanisms, including growth factor/hormone signaling pathways that impact islet beta-cell mass and function, has increased exponentially. Notably, somatolactogenic hormones including growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and their receptors (GHR, PRLR, and IGF-1R) are critically involved in beta-cell growth, survival, differentiation, and insulin secretion. In this chapter, we focus more narrowly on GH, PRL, and IGF-1 signaling, and GH-IGF-1 cross talk. We also discuss how these signaling aspects contribute to the regulation of beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis. In particular, our novel findings of GH-induced formation of GHR-JAK2-IGF-1R protein complex and synergistic effects of GH and IGF-1 on beta-cell signaling, proliferation, and antiapoptosis lead to a new concept that IGF-1R may serve as a proximal component of GH/GHR signaling.
High frequency analysis of a plate carrying a concentrated nonlinear spring–mass system

Abstract Examining the behavior of dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom undergoing random excitation at high frequency often requires substantial computation. These requirements are even more stringent for nonlinear systems. One approach for describing linear systems, Asymptotic Modal Analysis (AMA), has been extended to nonlinear systems in this paper. A prototypical system, namely a thin plate carrying a concentrated hardening cubic spring–mass, is explored. The study focuses on the response of three principal variables to random, frequency-bounded excitation: the displacement of the mounting location of the discrete spring–mass, the relative displacement of the discrete mass to this mounting location, and the absolute displacement of the discrete mass. The results indicate that extending AMA to nonlinear systems for input frequency bands containing a large number of modes is feasible. Several advantageous properties of nonlinear AMA are found, and an additional reduced frequency-domain modal method, Dominance-Reduced Classical Modal Analysis (DRCMA), is proposed that is intermediate in accuracy and the cost of computation between AMA and Classical Modal Analysis (CMA).
Effect of plasma osmolality and intraocular pressure on fluid movement across the blood-retinal barrier

The inward permeability of the blood-retinal barrier to carboxyfluorescein was determined in monkey eyes with and without rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). In the absence of changes in the diffusional permeability of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inward permeability changes reflect changes in fluid flow across the RPE. Intravenous injection of mannitol resulted in a 15 mosmol/kg increase in plasma osmolality which decreased inward permeability 37% in eyes with RD and 21% in eyes with vitrectomy alone. When the intraocular pressure was raised 20 mm Hg above normal, inward permeability decreased 29% in eyes with RD and 32% in normal eyes. It is concluded that fluid flow across the blood-retinal barrier is influenced by both plasma osmolality and intraocular pressure.
The Black dentist workforce in the United States.

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to describe the Black dentist workforce, the practice patterns of providers, and their contributions to oral health care for minority and underserved patients. Methods A national sample survey of underrepresented minority dentists was conducted in 2012 and received a 32.6 percent response rate for self-reported Black dentists. Data were weighted for selection and response bias to be nationally representative. Descriptive and multivariable statistics were computed to provide a workforce profile of Black dentists. National comparisons are provided from published data. Results Among all Black dentists (weighted n = 6,254), 76.6 percent self-identify as African-American, 13.2 percent as African, and 10.3 percent as Afro-Caribbean. The largest share of Black dentists are male, married, heterosexual, born in the United States and raised in a medium to large city. One third of Black dentists were the first in their family to graduate from college. Black dentists report higher average educational debt than all dental students, with graduates from International Dentist Programs having the greatest debt. Traditional practices (i.e., private practices) dominate, with 67.1 percent of Black dentists starting out in this setting and 73.5 percent currently in the setting. Black dentists care for a disproportionate share of Black patients, with an average patient mix that is 44.9 percent Black. Two in five Black dentists reported their patient pool is made up of more than 50 percent Black patients. Conclusions The underrepresentation for Black dentists is extraordinary, and the Black dentists that are in practice are shouldering a disproportionate share of dental care for minority and underserved communities.
Improved molecular detection of Babesia infections in animals using a novel quantitative real-time PCR diagnostic assay targeting mitochondrial DNA

Babesiosis is a protozoal, tick transmitted disease found worldwide in humans, wildlife and domesticated animals. Commonly used approaches to diagnose babesiosis include microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears, detection of circulating antibodies and PCR. To screen and differentiate canine Babesia infections many PCR assays amplify the 18S rRNA gene. These sequences contain hypervariable regions flanked by highly conserved regions allowing for amplification of a broad-range of Babesia spp. However, differences in the 18S rRNA gene sequence of distantly related clades can make it difficult to design assays that will amplify all Babesia species while excluding the amplification of other eukaryotes. By targeting Babesia mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), we designed a novel three primer qPCR with greater sensitivity and broader screening capabilities to diagnose and differentiate Babesia spp. Using 13 Babesia mtDNA sequences, a region spanning two large subunit rRNA gene fragments (lsu5-lsu4) was aligned to design three primers for use in a qPCR assay (LSU qPCR) capable of amplifying a wide range of Babesia spp. Plasmid clones were generated and used as standards to determine efficiency, linear dynamic range and analytical sensitivity. Animals naturally infected with vector-borne pathogens were tested retrospectively and prospectively to determine relative clinical sensitivity and specificity by comparing the LSU qPCR to an established 18S rDNA qPCR. The LSU qPCR efficiencies ranged between 92 and 100% with the limit of detection at five copies/reaction. The assay did not amplify mammalian host or other vector-borne pathogen gDNA except Cytauxzoon felis (a feline protozoal pathogen). The LSU qPCR assay amplified 12 different Babesia. sp. and C. felis from 31/31 (100%) archived samples, whereas the 18S qPCR amplified only 26/31 (83.9%). By prospective analysis, 19/394 diagnostic accessions (4.8%) were LSU qPCR positive, compared to 11/394 (2.8%) 18S rDNA qPCR positive. We have developed a more sensitive qPCR assay with a more expansive range of Babesia spp. detection by targeting a highly conserved region of mtDNA, when compared to an established 18S qPCR.
Serum IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) as a biomarker for severity of acute respiratory infection in healthy adults

Abstract Background The inflammatory chemokine, interferon-gamma inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), is a biomarker associated with several conditions. Objectives This study investigated serum concentrations of IP-10 in healthy individuals who developed acute respiratory infection (ARI). The hypothesis is that serum IP-10 concentrations correlate with ARI severity and detection of viral pathogens. Study design Data come from a randomized controlled trial measuring the effects of mindfulness meditation or exercise on ARI (Clinical Trials ID: NCT01654289 ). Healthy adults ages 30–69 were followed for a single season for ARI incidence and severity. This trial is ongoing, and the investigators are still blinded. When a participant reported ARI symptoms, nasal swab and lavage for PCR-based viral identification and blood samples were collected within the first 72 h of ARI symptoms. Serum IP-10 concentrations were measured by ELISA (RD p p Conclusion Serum IP-10 concentration correlates with ARI global severity. Also, IP-10 concentration measured early in the course of the ARI correlates with the daily severity, duration, and illness symptoms.
Social Network Analysis as an Analytic Tool for Task Group Research: A Case Study of an Interdisciplinary Community of Practice

Group counselors commonly collaborate in interdisciplinary settings in health care, substance abuse, and juvenile justice. Social network analysis is a methodology rarely used in counseling research yet has potential to examine task group dynamics in new ways. This case study explores the scholarly relationships among 36 members of an interdisciplinary community of practice. Findings suggest some disciplines work together more than others and members are more likely to interact interpersonally than in knowledge production. The study also finds members who are more central to the group than others, and subgroups that may be centers of work and creativity.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE DIDÁTICO PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE COMPETIDORES E CRIAÇÃO DE RECEITA AGRONÔMICA

O Brasil e o maior produtor e exportador mundial de cafe. Internamente, destacam-se os estados de Minas Gerais e Espirito Santo que juntos respondem por 75% do cafe produzido. O agronegocio cafe ocupa uma das posicoes dentre os 10 produtos mais exportados pelo pais. Apesar de toda essa importância, que o insere como objeto de estudo no Brasil, em todos os curriculos da formacao de tecnico em agropecuaria, tecnologo em cafeicultura e agronomia, nao esta disponivel software livre que trabalhe didaticamente os conteudos envolvendo competidores e Receituario Agronomico. Entao o presente projeto busca o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta digital para facilitar e aprimorar a formacao de novos profissionais na area de ciencias agrarias. Pretende-se alcancar este objetivo por meio de pesquisas bibliograficas tanto no âmbito de informatica na educacao quanto na area de fitotecnia alem de testar a ferramenta proposta em sala de aula.