cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Exchanges in Mexico Types and Intensity of Support

This article analyses exchanges of support between the elderly and adult generations and by gender, based on data from the United Nations household survey in Mexico City (SABE, 2000), and the National Study of Ageing and Health (ENASEM, 2001). Results indicate that in Mexico both generations - elderly parents and adult children - provide support, such as money, services, care or gifts for grandchildren, according to gender roles and the generation's resources. Men provide monetary support and reproduce their role as family providers, but this role depends on having an income from work and, in later years, a pension, a more common situation among men than among women. Women develop their female domestic role as caregivers. They do not have a formal income, but receive informal economic support and offer services and care to their relatives, reproducing their invisible and unpaid work during their life course. Both types of support are widely exchanged between elderly parents and adult children and children-in-law.
CLASSICAL DECAY OF A NON-SUPERSYMMETRIC CONFIGURATION OF TWO D-BRANES

Abstract We have studied a problem of the tachyon mediated D-brane - D-brane annihilation from the point of view of the world-volume gauge field theory. Initial state was chosen in the form of two D-branes crossing at a non-zero angle, which is non-supersymmetric configuration generically. This state was not a groundstate of the theory and the problem at hand was a model, where we had rather precise control over the behavior of the theory considered. Some applications of this model to the D-brane physics and conclusions about stability of several configurations were made. By taking a T-dual picture of this process on a T 2 torus, we derived the known conclusion about the instability of a system consisting of D-0 and D-2 branes, and found its decay modes.
Behavioral Citation Analysis: Toward Collection Enhancement for Users

A pilot study was developed to determine use of the University of Texas at Austin General Libraries’ research collections in the fields of civil engineering and educational psychology and to investigate the research behavior of graduate students. First, the authors sampled bibliographic citations from dissertations completed during the years 1997 and 2002 in the above-named fields. Then, a survey was sent to the dissertation writers to gain insight into use and opinions of library services for their graduate research. Analysis of information provided by both collection-and user-centered data-gathering techniques serves to underscore the value of the merged evaluation methods.
Pribilof segment of the Bering Sea continental margin: A reinterpretation of Upper Cretaceous dredge samples

Samples of an Upper Cretaceous sandstone dredged from Pribilof Canyon, Bering Shelf margin, do not compare well with rocks of the Shumagin Formation of presumed Late Cretaceous age on Sanak Island. Contrary to repeated published inferences, the rocks from Pribilof Canyon do not appear to be strongly deformed. They show no evidence of slaty cleavage or penetrative deformation and were probably deposited in a shelf environment at neritic or possibly upper bathyal depth rather than in a trench or deep continental slope basin. The presence of shelf-facies rocks in Pribilof Canyon at the edge of the Bering Shelf leaves little room for a subduction-related accretionary terrane such as exists along the Shumagin shelf near Sanak Island. The concept of strongly folded deep-water trench-facies rocks in Pribilof Canyon has led to the development of Late Cretaceous subduction-related scenarios that include magmatic arcs parallel to the hypothetical subduction zone. Alternative hypotheses include a strike-slip plate boundary along the Pribilof segment of the Bering margin, which is consistent with the petrographic character of the Pribilof Canyon rocks, or a transitional trench-transform boundary–for example, the modern central to western Aleutian Trench.
Excimer formation of pyrene as a probe to investigate the recombination of geminate pairs : ODESR and fluorescence study of dilute pyrene in squalane

Abstract It is shown that the monomer fluorescence and the excimer fluorescence from a dilute pyrene solution in squalane at room temperature are mainly from “delayed” geminate pairs (Py−, S+) and (Py−, Py+), respectively, from the ODESR spectra observed at the monomer and the excimer fluorescence. The recombination time of the former pair is found to be much shorter than that of the latter from analysis of these ODESR amplitudes. This indicates that the hole (S+) hops between the solvent molecules towards the solute anion.
Aging changes of mouse corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane

Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize age-associated changes in the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane (DM) in C57BL/6 mice, an inbred strain commonly used as a genetic disease model. Corneas from mice aged 2 weeks to 24 months were studied. Light microscopy was used to assess central endothelial cell density, area, and morphology. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess thickness and ultrastructural features of DM. Central corneal endothelial cell density showed a rapid decline from 5232 ± 892 cells/mm 2 (mean ± S.D.) at 2 weeks to 2532 ± 112 cells/mm 2 at 16 weeks of age. Thereafter, cell density declined more slowly, reaching 2004 ± 134 cells/mm 2 at 24 months of age. DM thickness showed an approximately linear increase from 1.12 ± 0.22 μm (mean ± S.D.) at 2 weeks to 4.19 ± 1.17 μm at 24 months of age. DM in 2 and 6 week age groups was composed entirely of material with an electron dense, periodic banding pattern. Sixteen week, 12 month, and 24 month age groups exhibited an additional, progressively thicker, homogeneous layer lacking periodic banding. The observed age-dependent thickening of DM was predominantly due to accumulation of the posterior, non-banded layer. In C57BL/6 mice, central endothelial cell density declines with age and DM progressively thickens due to accumulation of a posterior, non-banded portion. These age-associated changes are strikingly similar to observations in humans and thus further support the potential usefulness of the mouse model for studying disorders of the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane.
Monitoring astrocyte calcium microdomains with improved membrane targeted GCaMP reporters.

Astrocytes are involved in synaptic and cerebrovascular regulation in the brain. These functions are regulated by intracellular calcium signalling that is thought to reflect a form of astrocyte excitability. In a recent study, we reported modification of the genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) GCaMP2 with a membrane-tethering domain, Lck, to generate Lck-GCaMP2. This GECI allowed us to detect novel microdomain calcium signals. The microdomains were random and ‘spotty’ in nature. In order to detect such signals more reliably, in the present study we further modified Lck-GCaMP2 to carry three mutations in the GCaMP2 moiety (M153K, T203V within EGFP and N60D in the CaM domain) to generate Lck-GCaMP3. We directly compared Lck-GCaMP2 and Lck-GCaMP3 by assessing their ability to monitor several types of astrocyte calcium signals with a focus on spotty microdomains. Our data show that Lck-GCaMP3 is between two- and four-times better than Lck-GCaMP2 in terms of its basal fluorescence intensity, signal-to-noise and its ability to detect microdomains. The use of Lck-GCaMP3 thus represents a significantly improved way to monitor astrocyte calcium signals, including microdomains, and will facilitate detailed exploration of their molecular mechanisms and physiological roles.
Capillary Evaporation in Microchanneled Polymer Films

The capillary-driven evaporation heat transfer and the resulting fluid flow mechanisms occurring in a microchanneled, flexible polymer microfilm were investigated to better understand the operation and improve the design process of two-phase flexible membrane heat pipe devices. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the capillary evaporation heat transfer limit in a polymer microfilm with 26-μm-wide capillary grooves. The experimental results indicated that the microchanneled polymer film could create a capillary force sufficient to function adequately when used with wettable working fluids such as methanol or ethanol. The maximum evaporation heat transport capacity was found to decrease significantly as the effective length of the polymer microfilm increased. In addition to the experimental portion of the investigation, an analytical model was developed to predict the capillary evaporation limitation. When this model was used, the effects of variations in the geometric parameters of the microgrooves on the evaporation heat transfer were analyzed. The results indicated that when the half-angle of the trapezoidal grooves was fixed, the maximum evaporation heat transfer rate increased with increases in the depth and decreases in the width of the grooves. Predictions obtained from the analytical model were then compared with the results of the experimental investigation and indicated good agreement.
Spectra of copperlike and zinclike xenon: Xe xxv and Xe xxvi

The spectra of highly ionized xenon were generated in a tokamak plasma and photographed in the region 60–350 A with a 2.2-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. The 4s2–4s4p transitions of Zn-like xenon (Xe xxv) and all the 4l–4(l + 1) transitions of Cu-like xenon (Xe xxvi) were measured with estimated uncertainties of ±0.005 A. These measurements have been combined with previous wavelength measurements of Xe xxvi to determine energy levels. A value for the ionization energy of Xe25+ of 6 912 400 ± 3000 cm−1 (857.0 ± 0.4 eV) was derived.
Acute effects of fructose and glucose ingestion with and without caffeine in young and old humans

Aging is associated with a decline in energy expenditure (EE), glucose intolerance, and a reduction in body nitrogen content. In addition, a reduction in the thermic response to glucose but not to fructose or protein has been reported in the elderly. The present study was conducted to further examine nutrient-induced thermogenesis and the effects of specific sugars on amino acid metabolism in relation to age. After 3 days on a weight-maintaining, 250-g carbohydrate diet, 16 healthy non-obese men and women in two age groups (18 to 29 and 66 to 80 years) consumed on 4 different days 500 mL of either a 75-g fructose or 75-g glucose solution, with or without 300 mg caffeine or vitamin C as a placebo. Blood substrate and hormone levels and EE, using indirect calorimetry, were measured at timed intervals for 3 hours after consumption of the drinks. There was no difference in the carbohydrate-induced increase in EE in either young or old even after adjustments for body weight and fat-free mass (FFM). An approximately 20-fold increase in serum caffeine levels increased EE in both groups (P < .003), but had minimal effects on substrate and hormone responses. In contrast to glucose, fructose induced a marked elevation in plasma alanine from combined basal levels of 301 ± 24 to approximately 500 ± 18 μmol/L (mean ± SEM) in both groups (P < .001). However, both fructose and glucose ingestion resulted in a similar decline in branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. The older group had higher insulin (P < .06) and glucose (P < .03) levels overall than the young, although both responded with a similar magnitude of change after both meals. Insulin and glucose levels were higher after glucose than after fructose, whereas uric acid levels, reflecting adenine nucleotide catabolism, increased 20% within 90 minutes of ingestion of fructose but not glucose. These findings bring into question the existence of diminished carbohydrate-induced thermogenesis in the old, emphasizing the need for further investigation before dietary or therapeutic recommendations are made.
Does Cost-Share Replicate Water Quality Trading Projects? Implications for a Possible Partnership

Water Quality Trading (WQT) and federal conservation programs such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) employ incentive payments to encourage agricultural best management practices (BMPs). In many cases, WQT and EQIP are encouraging the same types of farmers to implement the same types of BMPs using similar incentive payments. A number of analysts have recommended that WQT partner with EQIP to recruit farmers, yet the literature lacks an analysis of whether EQIP could adequately substitute for WQT's project selection process. In this article, we systematically compare the project ranking procedures used by WQT and EQIP and suggest which partnership structures might be most appropriate.
Ultrastructure and distribution of microbodies in leaves of grasses with and without CO2-photorespiration.

A comparative study was made of the ultrastructure, distribution and abundance of leaf microbodies in four species of “temperate” grasses with high and four “tropical” grasses with low CO2-photorespiration. The temperate grasses were all festucoid; the tropical grasses included two panicoid species and two chloridoid. Comparisons of relative abundance were made by computing the average numbers of microbody profiles per cell section.
Building Communication With Access for All

The Web is rapidly becoming a fundamental means of communication and service for all of us. Ensuring our Web pages and applications work for all people interested in them, including persons with handicaps, is an important goal. This goal can be achieved by careful attention to standards and by understanding that the Web and the software used to access it consist of a series of interoperating layers. Active work is underway in many areas to clearly define the standards, the layers, and the methods of interaction among them.
A New Scheme for Protein Sequence Motif Extraction

Protein sequence motifs are short conserved subsequences common to related protein sequences. The extraction of sequence motifs in proteins can help classify proteins families and predict protein functions, also provide valuable information about the evolution of species. However, the automatic protein sequence motif extraction is not straightforward because sequence motifs are often inexact and containing gaps. In this paper, we review currently available algorithms for protein sequence motif extraction, and propose a novel scheme to extract protein sequence motifs that allow mismatches and gaps from unaligned protein sequences. This scheme is based on a probabilistic model-Mismatch-allowed Probabilistic Suffix Tree (M-PST). In this scheme, an M-PST is first constructed from the unaligned protein sequences. The subsequences with highest likelihood scores, which are over-represented patterns, are further discovered with the M-PST. These subsequences are probable sequence motifs and outputted along with the position probability matrices.
Crystal structure of the MATa1/MATα2 homeodomain heterodimer in complex with DNA containing an A-tract

The crystal structure of the heterodimer formed by the DNA binding domains of the yeast mating type transcription factors, MATa1 and MATalpha2, bound to a 21 bp DNA fragment has been determined at 2.5 A resolution. The DNA fragment in the present study differs at four central base pairs from the DNA sequence used in the previously studied ternary complex. These base pair changes give rise to a (dA5).(dT5) tract without changing the overall base composition of the DNA. The resulting A-tract occurs near the center of the overall 60 degrees bend in the DNA. Comparison of the two structures shows that the structural details of the DNA bend are maintained despite the DNA sequence changes. Analysis of the A5-tract DNA subfragment shows that it contains a bend toward the minor groove centered at one end of the A-tract. The observed bend is larger than that observed in the crystal structures of A-tracts embedded in uncomplexed DNA, which are straight and have been presumed to be quite rigid. Variation of the central DNA base sequence reverses the two AT base pairs contacted in the minor groove by Arg7 of the alpha2 N-terminal arm without significantly altering the DNA binding affinity of the a1/alpha2 heterodimer. The Arg7 side chain accommodates the sequence change by forming alternate H bond interactions, in agreement with the proposal that minor groove base pair recognition is insensitive to base pair reversal. Furthermore, the minor groove spine of hydration, which stabilizes the narrowed minor groove caused by DNA bending, is conserved in both structures. We also find that many of the water-mediated hydrogen bonds between the a1 and alpha2 homeodomains and the DNA are highly conserved, indicating an important role for water in stabilization of the a1/alpha2-DNA complex.
TEMPO 3.1: A Body Area Sensor Network Platform for Continuous Movement Assessment

This work presents TEMPO (Technology-Enabled Medical Precision Observation) 3.1, a third generation body area sensor platform that accurately and precisely captures, processes, and wirelessly transmits six-degrees-of-freedom inertial data in a wearable, non-invasive form factor. TEMPO 3.1 is designed to be usable to both the wearer and researcher, thereby enabling motion capture applications in body area sensor networks (BASNs). A complete system is designed and developed that includes the following: (1) enabling technologies and hardware design of TEMPO 3.1, (2) a custom real-time operating system (TEMPOS) that manages all aspects of signal acquisition, signal processing, data management, peripheral control, and wireless communication on a TEMPO node, and (3) a custom case design. The system is evaluated and compared to existing BASN hardware platforms. TEMPO 3.1 creates new opportunities for wearable, continuous monitoring applications and extends the research space of current efforts.
Structure and Stability of Olivine Phase FePO 4

LiFePO4 has shown considerable promise as a cathode material in Li-ion batteries due to its stability, low toxicity and high cyclability. However, the data on thermodynamic stability of olivine phase FePO4 (o-FePO4), the delithiated form of o-LiFePO4, remains scarce and contradictory. In this work, o-FePO4 was synthesized by chemical delithiation of o-LiFePO4 and characterized structurally and thermally. X-ray diffraction and absorption data indicate pure olivine phase, but with residual amount of Fe2+, most likely due to incomplete delithiation. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis reveal that o-LixFePO4 decomposes exothermally above 550 °C with about 9% weight loss, the products being trigonal phase FePO4, Fe7(PO4)6, and LiPO3.
Self-Appraisal and Attributions: A Test of a Model

A path-analytic model was employed to examine the predicted relationships among self-esteem, locus of control, self-appraisal, and attributions. Participants completed two individual difference measures (self-esteem and locus of control) and then worked on a test that they believed was a managerial selection instrument. They then rated their own performance on the instrument and made attributions for their performance. The model received strong support and each hypothesized path was statistically significant. The results are discussed with respect to recent work by Levy and Foti (1989, 1990) and Farh and Dobbins (1989b) and a general framework is suggested for future research.
Molecular characterization of insulin-like peptides in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti: Expression, cellular localization, and phylogeny

Insulin-like peptides are key regulators of metabolism, reproduction, and senescence in higher eukaryotic organisms. Here we present the identification, expression, and tissue localization of eight genes encoding insulin-like peptides (ILPs) in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. All eight ILPs share the conserved features of the insulin superfamily as prepropeptides consisting of contiguous signal, B, C, and A peptides. However, one of the ILPs has a truncated C peptide and a carboxy terminal extension, features consistent with insulin growth factors. Transcripts for five of the ILPs occurred predominantly in the heads (brains) of larval, pupal, and adult mosquitoes. Transcripts of two other genes, one of which was the putative insulin growth factor, were present in the head, thorax and abdomens of all stages. The final ILP was predominantly expressed in abdomen. Results from immunocytochemistry with two different ILP antisera showed cellular localizations in the nervous system and midgut that corroborated the existence of these expression patterns. Three of the ILP genes are so closely linked that only the 5' region of the first ILP gene likely suffices as a promoter, indicating that these genes form a eukaryotic operon. The nearly identical expression pattern of these three ILPs supported this idea. Finally, the phylogenetic relationship of ILPs from three dipteran species, Ae. aegypti, the African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), and Drosophila melanogaster is presented as a step towards understanding the structural and functional diversity of insect ILPs.
Treatment with AC Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improves the Response to Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease

A 52 year old fully medicated Parkinsonian patient with severe disability (stage 4 on the Hoehn & Yahr disability scale) became asymptomatic 10 weeks after he received twice weekly transcranial treatments with AC pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of picotesla flux density. Prior to treatment with EMFs, his medication (Sinemet CR) was about 50% effective and he experienced end-of-dose deterioration and diurnal-related decline in the drug's efficacy. For instance, while his morning medication was 90% effective, his afternoon medication was only 50% effective and his evening dose was only 30% effective. Ten weeks after introduction of treatment with EMFs, there was 40% improvement in his response to standard Sinemet medication with minimal change in its efficacy during the course of the day or evening. These findings demonstrate that intermittent, AC pulsed applications of picotesla flux density EMFs improve Parkinsonian symptoms in part by enhancing the patient's response to levodopa. This effect may be related to an increase in the capacity of striatal DA neurons to synthesize, store and release DA derived from exogenously supplied levodopa as well as to increased serotonin (5-HT) transmission which has been shown to enhance the response of PD patients to levodopa. Since decline in the response to levodopa is a phenomenon associated with progression of the disease, this case suggests that intermittent applications of AC pulsed EMFs of picotesla flux density reverse the course of chronic progressive PD.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Function Regulated by Coordinated Action of the Hsp90 and Hsp70 Chaperone Cycles

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), like many signaling proteins, depends on the Hsp90 molecular chaperone for in vivo function. Although Hsp90 is required for ligand binding in vivo, purified apo GR is capable of binding ligand with no enhancement from Hsp90. We reveal that Hsp70, known to facilitate client delivery to Hsp90, inactivates GR through partial unfolding, whereas Hsp90 reverses this inactivation. Full recovery of ligand binding requires ATP hydrolysis on Hsp90 and the Hop and p23 cochaperones. Surprisingly, Hsp90 ATP hydrolysis appears to regulate client transfer from Hsp70, likely through a coupling of the two chaperone’s ATP cycles. Such coupling is embodied in contacts between Hsp90 and Hsp70 in the GR:Hsp70:Hsp90:Hop complex imaged by cryoelectron microscopy. Whereas GR released from Hsp70 is aggregation prone, release from Hsp90 protects GR from aggregation and enhances its ligand affinity. Together, this illustrates how coordinated chaperone interactions can enhance stability, function, and regulation.
Improvement in protein functional site prediction by distinguishing structural and functional constraints on protein family evolution using computational design

The prediction of functional sites in newly solved protein structures is a challenge for computational structural biology. Most methods for approaching this problem use evolutionary conservation as the primary indicator of the location of functional sites. However, sequence conservation reflects not only evolutionary selection at functional sites to maintain protein function, but also selection throughout the protein to maintain the stability of the folded state. To disentangle sequence conservation due to protein functional constraints from sequence conservation due to protein structural constraints, we use all atom computational protein design methodology to predict sequence profiles expected under solely structural constraints, and to compute the free energy difference between the naturally occurring amino acid and the lowest free energy amino acid at each position. We show that functional sites are more likely than non-functional sites to have computed sequence profiles which differ significantly from the naturally occurring sequence profiles and to have residues with sub-optimal free energies, and that incorporation of these two measures improves sequence based prediction of protein functional sites. The combined sequence and structure based functional site prediction method has been implemented in a publicly available web server.
Resistance and tolerance to herbivory in Solidago altissima (Asteraceae): genetic variability, costs, and selection for multiple traits.

 Premise of the study : Quantifying the genetic variability, fi tness costs, and selection gradients associated with plant defense traits is necessary to understand their evolution and continued persistence in populations. Few studies have simultaneously examined the costs, benefi ts, and genetic variability in multiple traits related to plant resistance and tolerance to herbivory.  Methods : Using 103 Solidago altissima (Asteraceae) genets from two populations previously studied in situ, we conducted a common garden experiment to assess genetic variability, costs, selection gradients, and correlations among resistance, tolerance, and various resistance and tolerance traits (i.e., lateral branching, relative growth rate, leaf addition and senescence rate, specifi c leaf area, and leaf toughness).  Key results : We report evidence for signifi cant genetic variability in resistance and various tolerance-related traits but low broad-sense heritability ( H 2 < 0.14) for all traits. For all traits examined, no correlation existed between trait levels of parent ramets (measured in their fi eld of origin) and daughter ramets (measured in the common garden), suggesting plasticity in goldenrod traits. We found a strong cost of resistance and selection gradient against high resistance. Conversely, we found no evidence of costs but did fi nd signifi cant selection gradients favoring increased tolerance and many tolerance trait levels.  Conclusions : Our study suggests that herbivores impose selection favoring increased tolerance and reduced resistance in goldenrods. In this environment, we expect that over time, resistant genets will decrease in frequency. Despite strong selection pressures, the evolution of tolerance in this environment may be constrained by the low broad-sense heritability in tolerance traits.
Amoxycillin plus probenecid versus doxycycline for treatment of erythema migrans borreliosis

72 adults with erythema migrans (early Lyme borreliosis) were enrolled in a randomised prospective trial comparing amoxycillin 500 mg plus probenecid 500 mg three times a day with doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 21 days. These antibiotic regimens were chosen because of the known in-vitro sensitivity of Borrelia burgdorferi, the antibiotic tissue penetration, the pharmacokinetics of the drugs, and because the organism can disseminate early in the course of infection. 72 patients were evaluable (35 in the doxycycline group and 37 in the amoxycillin/probenecid group). The two regimens were equally effective for treatment of erythema migrans. Mild fatigue or arthralgia were the only post-treatment complaints, which resolved within 6 months. None of the patients needed further antibiotic treatment for Lyme borreliosis.
What can 1970's Elastic Electron Scattering Experiments tell us about the Direct Detection of Dark Matter?

Theoretical calculations of neutralino cross sections with various nuclei are of great interest to direct dark matter searches such as CDMS, EDELWEISS, ZEPLIN, and other experiments. These cross sections and direct detection rates are generally computed with generic, one or two parameter model-dependent nuclear form factors; these form factors are usually analytic approximations to the fourier transform of two-parameter Fermi nuclear charge densities, and may not mirror the actual form factor for nuclei important in direct dark matter searches. Elastic electron scattering, largely compiled in the 1970s, can allow for very precise determinations of nuclear form factors and hence nuclear charge densities for spherical or near-spherical nuclei. We compare model independent form factors derived from elastic electron scattering data to commonly utilized model dependent form factors for various target nuclei important in dark matter searches, such as Si, Ge, S, Ca and others. We have found that for nuclear recoils in the range of 10–100 keV significant differences in cross sections and rates exist when the model independent form factors are used.
La Cueva Intrusive Complex and Dome, Northern Coahuila, Mexico

La Cueva intrusive complex shows a remarkable sequence of sodic igneous rocks. The major rocks, in order of intrusion, are: (1) quartz monzonite, (2) sodic syenite and gabbro of the differentiated series, and (3) sodic microsyenite. Most of the other igneous rocks exposed are part of a younger series of hypabyssal rhyolitic intrusions. La Cueva intrusive complex is within La Cueva dome. Striking changes in dips along the flanks of the dome result largely from multiple intrusion and variation in the shape of individual intrusive masses. Field relationships indicate forceful emplacement of the main mass of the complex in three stages: (1) early laccolithic intrusion of quartz monzonite, (2) intrusion of the differentiated series which tilted and broke through the laccolith, thrusting aside the country rock, and (3) intrusion of a pluglike body of microsyenite through the center of the differentiated series. Field associations suggest that the rocks may have been derived from the same regional magma, but the proportion of felsic to mafic rocks is unusually high. The large volume of rhyolitic rock may be the result of dilution of rising gabbroic magma by assimilation of constituents of the basement rocks that melt at low temperatures. The silica-deficient rocks may have been isolated in a subsidiary magma chamber, where they underwent a divergent trend of differentiation.
Space magnetics: The mariner V magnetometer experiment

The performance of a scientific magnetics experiment in space involves the selection, development, and calibration of an instrument capable of satisfying the requirements of the scientific objectives. Since stray magnetic fields produced by the spacecraft can be a source of measurement error, the design and magnetic testing of all the flight hardware are also factors in meeting scientific objectives. These considerations are discussed as embodied in the Mariner V effort. The relatively new and successful vector helium magnetometer used for Mariner IV (Mars 1964) and Mariner V (Venus 1967) will be described in the discussion. Also presented are the efforts to reduce the Mariner Spacecraft stray fields and the results of those efforts. Finally, a brief description of the special facilities used for testing and evaluation and a summary of the final experiment results will be given.
Off-the-Record Instant Messaging for Group Conversation

Instant messaging (IM) is becoming an integral part of social as well as business life. The main concern with IM systems is that the information being transmitted is easily accessible. Although some protection could be achieved with the use of a secure tunneling (i.e. VPN etc.), they do not provide end-to-end secrecy. Off-the-record (OTR) is a protocol which enables IM users to have private conversations over the open and insecure public Internet. However, the OTR protocol currently does not support multi-user chat rooms. There is a need for such a product that provides users an opportunity to meet in an IM-based, virtual, and encrypted chat room. This project implements an extension of the two-party OTR protocol, named Group OTR-GOTR. GOTR enables users to have a free and secure multi-user communication environment with no proprietary software requirement. The case study describes a proof of concept plug-in of GOTR developed for the GAIM, as well as the plug-in implementation details. Such a product is believed to be beneficial to small businesses to keep their privacy and their competitiveness.
The effect of plant sterols or stanols on lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis

We performed a meta-analysis of five randomized, placebo-controlled trials to characterize the impact of plant sterols/stanols on plasma lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes. Upon meta-analysis, plant sterols/stanols significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol, with a trend towards improvement in HDL. No beneficial effect on triglycerides was apparent.
A community perspective on the emergence of innovations

Abstract This paper proposes a social system framework at the interorganizational community level to examine how an industrial infrastructure emerges to facilitate and inhibit technological innovation. This infrastructure includes institutional arrangements, resource endowments, and proprietary activities that are necessary to develop and transform basic scientific knowledge into commercially viable products or services. We argue that this community infrastructure emerges through the accretion of numerous institutional, resource, and proprietary events which co-produce each other through the actions of public and private sector actors over an extended period of time. The practical implications of this perspective emphasize that innovation managers must not only be concerned with micro developments of a proprietary technical device or product within their organization, but also with the creation of a macro industrial system, which embodies the social, economic, and political infrastructure that any technological community needs to sustain its members.
Basenfreie katalytische asymmetrische C‐C‐Kupplung mit terminalen Inamiden als effizienter Zugang zu multifunktionellen Trifluormethylalkoholen

Die asymmetrische Addition terminaler Inamide an Trifluormethylketone mit einem leicht zuganglichem chiralen Zink-Katalysator ergibt CF3-substituierte tertiare Propargylalkohole mit bis zu 99 % Ausbeute und 96 % ee. Der Ausschluss von organischen Zinkadditiven und Basen sowie der Nutzen der Produkte fur Synthesen sind besondere Merkmale dieser Reaktion. Der Wert der β-Hydroxy-β-trifluormethylinamide ist exemplarisch mit ausgewahlten Umwandlungen zu chiralen Z- und E-Enamiden, einem Amid und N,O-Ketenacetalen belegt. Die auserst regioselektive Hydratisierung, stereoselektive Reduktionen und Hydroacyloxylierungen erfolgen mit hohen Ausbeuten und ohne Erosion des ee der verwendeten β-Hydroxyinamide.
Abstract A45: Delineating roles of Pten and Pik3ca in endometrial carcinoma using mouse models

Uterine endometrioid carcinoma (UEC) are indolent cancers often arising in the setting of unopposed estrogen from complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) the non-invasive precursor. The light microscopic distinction between UEC and CAH on endometrial biopsy or curettage samples is challenging. Given that approximately 25-40% of cases initially diagnosed with CAH progress to UEC, there is a compelling need to identify molecular diagnostic and/or prognostic markers distinguishing CAH from UEC. Mutational profiling of CAH and UEC has revealed distinct molecular differences between the two types of lesions. While PTEN (the most frequently mutated gene in UEC) mutations were found at an equal frequency in both CAH and UEC, PIK3CA mutations were almost exclusively found in UEC. Furthermore, 48% of UEC with PTEN mutations have PIK3CA mutations. With a Pten+/- mouse model, we demonstrated that CAH and UEC completely lose expression of Pten due to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or intragenic mutations in the wild type allele with similar frequencies in CAH and UEC, suggesting that biallelic inactivation of Pten, though an early event, may not be sufficient for progression to invasive carcinoma and may require additional events such as mutations in Pik3ca. To test this hypothesis and to unravel the role of Pik3ca in UEC, we have used mice with one Pik3ca allele harboring an activating lox-stop-lox E545K mutation (Pik3caE545K/+ mice) and crossed them with PtenloxP/loxP mice. Driving expression of Cre under two epithelial cell-specific promoters, we show that mutant Pik3ca leads to CAH and/or UEC only in the setting of simultaneous biallelic Pten inactivation. Presence of activated Pik3ca alone does not result in hyperplasia or carcinoma. To dissect out molecular mechanisms underlying these observations, primary uterine epithelial cell cultures were prepared from PtenloxP/loxP;Pik3ca+/+, Pten+/+; Pik3caE545K/+ and PtenloxP/loxP;Pik3caE545K/+ mice. Pten deletion and/or activation of Pik3ca was achieved in vitro by treatment with adenovirus expressing Cre (Ad-Cre) for 48 hrs. RNA sequencing was performed on RNA extracted from Ad-Cre treated cells. Cells treated with GFP expressing virus were used as control. PtenloxP/loxP;Pik3ca+/+, Pten+/+; Pik3caE545K/+ and PtenloxP/loxP;Pik3caE545K/+ cells exhibited distinct and minimally overlapping gene expression profiles, suggesting that Pten inactivation, Pik3ca activation or both lead to different downstream responses. These results, in conjunction with the human studies, support distinct roles for PTEN and PIK3CA mutations in the development and progression of endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma. Citation Format: Ayesha Joshi, Christopher Miller, Lora H. Ellenson. Delineating roles of Pten and Pik3ca in endometrial carcinoma using mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; Nov 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
Design of Wideband, FSS-Based MultiBeam Antennas Using the Effective Medium Approach

We present the design, simulation, and measurement results of a broadband, low-profile, multibeam antenna. The antenna uses multiple feed elements placed on the focal plane of a planar microwave lens to achieve high-gain, multibeam operation with a wide field of view. The lens is based on a recently reported design employing the constituting unit cells of appropriately designed miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces (MEFSSs) as its spatial time-delay units. A new technique for modeling such lenses is also presented that greatly simplifies the full-wave electromagnetic simulation of MEFSS-based lenses. This technique is based on treating the pixels of the lens as effective media with the same effective permittivity and permeability and significantly reduces the difficulty of modeling and optimizing the proposed multibeam antenna with its relatively large aperture size in a full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool. Using this procedure, a prototype multibeam antenna operating in the 8-10 GHz range is designed. The prototype is fabricated and characterized using a multiprobe, spherical near field system. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results obtained using the proposed simplified modeling technique. Measurements demonstrate consistent radiation characteristics over the antenna's entire operational band with multiple beams in a field of view of ±45°.
Vitamin A Supplementation for Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Cornerstone of Care or Futile Therapy

Objective: To review the evidence on vitamin A supplementation (VAS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. We also discuss the impact of a vitamin A shortage on BPD rates. Data Sources: A PubMed search inclusive of dates 1946 to March 2016 was performed using the search terms bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic lung disease (CLD), and vitamin A. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language studies were evaluated. Only those investigating VAS by intramuscular administration were included. Data Synthesis: A total of 6 studies were evaluated. Additionally, a report on the incidence of BPD during a national shortage was reviewed. Investigators found mixed results with VAS and incidence of CLD or death in a varying number of neonates. In the largest evaluation, investigators found a statistically significant decrease in the rate of death or BPD: 55% in the VAS group versus 62% in the placebo group. The number needed to treat to prevent 1 case of BPD was 15 inf...
The effect of nutritional factors on hepatic drug and toxicant metabolism

A variety of foreign agents, including environmental chemicals, food additives, natural food constituents, and pharmaceuticals, enter the body every day. Many of these compounds must undergo metabolism by specific enzymes within the body to facilitate their clearance. The most important of the enzyme systems, which is found in the liver, includes the cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed function oxidase, as well as several conjugation enzymes, including sulfotransferase, glucuronyl transferase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The balance of the reactions determines the rate of metabolism and clearance of the agents, as well as the degree of intracellular damage or toxicity. Specific dietary factors, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, affect the efficiency of these reactions.
Effects of Therapeutic Ultrasound on Bone Marrow in Dogs

With a thermocouple in the medullary cavity of one dog's femur, the increases in bone marrow temperature were demonstrated at five different intensities of ultrasound. The right distal femurs of six dogs were treated ten times, three dogs at 1.5 w/cm2 and three dogs at 2.5 w/cm2 each for five minutes. At a later date, two of these dogs received an additional ten minutes of ultrasound at 2.5 w/cm2 for ten treatments. Histological and hematological studies gave presumptive evidence of bone marrow damage and regeneration. A marked increase in oil was also seen in the bone marrow smears.
Efficacy of Fixed Infrared Thermography for Identification of Subjects with Influenza-Like Illness

Efficacy of Fixed Infrared Thermography for Identification of Subjects with Influenza-like Illness by Christopher M. Hinnerichs MS, University of New Mexico, 2006 BA, University of New Mexico, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health, Epidemiology Walden University August, 2011
Increased Risk of Autism Development in Children Whose Mothers Experienced Birth Complications or Received Labor and Delivery Drugs.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a perplexing and pervasive developmental disorder characterized by social difficulties, communicative deficits, and repetitive behavior. The increased rate of ASD ...
John Locke and Whig Theory

A review of Whig literature and a study of James Tyrrell’s Bibliotheca Politica have shown that a defense of resistance was a central part of the Whig thesis of abdication and vacancy. In devising this theory ofresistance, Whig authors employed a variety of political, legal and historical arguments in order to explain how abdication could entail resistance as well as vacancy. Most Whigs denied that abdication and resistance resulted in an entire dissolution of government. A few, like Tyrrell, openly confronted this essential question and the related issues of sovereignty in the people and the right or prospect of constitutional change. More than any other Whig theorist, however, it was James Tyrrell who fully explored the variety of possible arguments and ideas, and faced the challenges that were made to the Whig defense of resistance. In the breadth as well as detail of its arguments, Tyrrell’s Bibliotheca Politica represents Whig ideology: in thefrequent and real confrontations between Freeman and Meanwell, these dialogues reveal the political and ideological needs that shapedWhig theory; and in undertaking a critical approach to the justification of 1688 and offering a full explication of abdication and vacancy, Tyrrell’s work demonstrates how the acceptance and success of Whigtheory were possible.
German Visual Culture: From National to European Style

This article focuses ostensibly on the moving image. It starts with a discussion of cinema six years before its invention. In doing so we step back from the projected moving image and consider its emergence in precisely the larger visual field dominated by the transition from universalist to national style. From there the article goes on to consider 1) the way that an attention to national style has affected cinema and shaped (German) film studies; 2) how the national style that culminated in New German Cinema has given way to a transnational European style undoing stable signifiers of German culture, with the ‘German images’ of the 1970s giving way in the 1990s to ‘images of Germany’ or even a more general ‘images made in Germany’; and 3) how the digital revolution in the 21 st century has ruptured the frame of the silver screen and freed the moving image to stream through new formats and in new places and in which furthermore the changes wrought by digital reproducibility have resulted in what we can identify as a culture industry 2.0. (RH)
Nonlocal wave turbulence in non-Abelian plasmas

Abstract We investigate driven wave turbulence in non-Abelian plasmas, in the framework of kinetic theory where both elastic and inelastic processes are considered in the small angle approximation. The gluon spectrum, that forms in the presence of a steady source, is shown to be controlled by nonlocal interactions in momentum space, in contrast to the universal Kolmogorov–Zakharov spectra. Assuming strongly nonlocal interactions, we show that inelastic processes are dominant in the IR and cause a thermal bath to form below the forcing scale, as a result of a detailed balance between radiation and absorption of soft gluons by the hard ones. Above the forcing scale, the inelastic collision term reduces to an inhomogeneous diffusion-like equation yielding a spectrum that spreads to the UV as t 1 / 2 , similarly to elastic processes. Due to nonlocal interactions the non-universal turbulent spectrum is not steady and flattens when time goes on toward the thermal distribution. This analysis is complemented by numerical simulations, where we observe that in the explored time interval the spectral exponent of the nonlocal turbulent cascade is close to −2 in agreement with simulations of classical Yang–Mills equations.
The Impact of Postmodernism on Style’s Demise

Style pedagogies, as many composition scholars have argued, have largely fallen out of favor in the last few decades. Those who have examined the decline have pointed to the deemphasis of the text ...
LV UNLOADING USING AN IMPELLA CP IMPROVES CORONARY FLOW AND INFARCT ZONE PERFUSION

Background: Left ventricular (LV) unloading may improve coronary flow and myocardial perfusion by increasing cardiac output and reducing LV wall stress. Whether LV unloading improves myocardial perfusion in a post-MI setting is not known. Our goal was to determine if LV unloading with an Impella CP