cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making privacy personal

Social Network Sites (SNSs) offer a plethora of privacy controls, but users rarely exploit all of these mechanisms, nor do they do so in the same manner. We demonstrate that SNS users instead adhere to one of a small set of distinct privacy management strategies that are partially related to their level of privacy feature awareness. Using advanced Factor Analysis methods on the self-reported privacy behaviors and feature awareness of 308 Facebook users, we extrapolate six distinct privacy management strategies, including: Privacy Maximizers, Selective Sharers, Privacy Balancers, Self-Censors, Time Savers/Consumers, and Privacy Minimalists and six classes of privacy proficiency based on feature awareness, ranging from Novices to Experts. We then cluster users on these dimensions to form six distinct behavioral profiles of privacy management strategies and six awareness profiles for privacy proficiency. We further analyze these privacy profiles to suggest opportunities for training and education, interface redesign, and new approaches for personalized privacy recommendations. We show that Facebook users' privacy behaviors and awareness are multi-dimensional.Feature awareness is a significant predictor of Facebook users' privacy behaviors.Six unique user profiles emerged to reveal different privacy management strategies.Six privacy proficiency profiles emerged from the dimensions of feature awareness.The privacy profiles can be used to personalize user education and nudging.
Multiscale modeling of shock wave localization in porous energetic material

Shock wave interactions with defects, such as pores, are known to play a key role in the chemical initiation of energetic materials. The shock response of hexanitrostilbene is studied through a combination of large-scale reactive molecular dynamics and mesoscale hydrodynamic simulations. In order to extend our simulation capability at the mesoscale to include weak shock conditions ($l6$ GPa), atomistic simulations of pore collapse are used to define a strain-rate-dependent strength model. Comparing these simulation methods allows us to impose physically reasonable constraints on the mesoscale model parameters. In doing so, we have been able to study shock waves interacting with pores as a function of this viscoplastic material response. We find that the pore collapse behavior of weak shocks is characteristically different than that of strong shocks.
Breaking the power law: Multiscale simulations of self-ion irradiated tungsten

Abstract The initial stage of radiation defect creation has often been shown to follow a power law distribution at short time scales, recently so with tungsten, following many self-organizing patterns found in nature. The evolution of this damage, however, is dominated by interactions between defect clusters, as the coalescence of smaller defects into clusters depends on the balance between transport, absorption, and emission to/from existing clusters. The long-time evolution of radiation-induced defects in tungsten is studied with cluster dynamics parameterized with lower length scale simulations, and is shown to deviate from a power law size distribution. The effects of parameters such as dose rate and total dose, as parameters affecting the strength of the driving force for defect evolution, are also analyzed. Excellent agreement is achieved with regards to an experimentally measured defect size distribution at 30 K. This study provides another satisfactory explanation for experimental observations in addition to that of primary radiation damage, which should be reconciled with additional validation data.
Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Iliotibial band syndrome or IT syndrome is pain in the lateral knee commonly related to overuse in runners, cyclists, and military personnel. The pain is typically proximal to the lateral joint line where the iliotibial band courses over the lateral femoral epicondyle (LFE). The etiology of pain is currently unclear. It was previously thought to be related to friction over the lateral femoral epicondyle; however, this theory has not been validated in studies. Symptoms appear to present in the setting of repetitive knee flexion to 30° or more and lower extremity malalignment. Patients describe pain localized over the LFE during foot strike or with knee extension that can progress to constant pain. Key findings include focal tenderness over the LFE and a positive noble compression test. ITBS is diagnosed clinically based on history and physical exam. Initial treatment consists of rest, ice, and analgesics, then patients should be guided in strengthening, stretching, and gait correction to improve deficits before gradually returning to sport.
Holmium Enucleation of the Prostate

Abstract Enucleation involves dissecting around the anatomical plane of the capsule of the prostate adenoma and then removing it en bloc and morcellating the removed tissue. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) leverages the anatomical encapsulation of the prostate to allow the surgeon to completely dissect out the adenoma by using the holmium laser:yttrium aluminum garnet laser to incise along the capsule to shell out the lobes of the adenoma en bloc as well as the coagulative capabilities of the Ho:YAG laser to minimize blood loss. With HoLEP's extensive track record of proven equivalence and superior safety, efficacy, and durability relative to TURP, HoLEP is considered by many to be the novel gold standard.
Dissociative Identity Disorder CPAP Adherence: An Uncommon Factor in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

We present a case of a patient with dissociative identity disorder and symptomatic sleep apnea who was treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP use depended upon which personal...
Impacts of transit and walking amenities on robust local knowledge economy

Abstract As of 2013, knowledge economy has held more than 10% of U.S. employment, generated nearly 20% of national GDP and expect to increase to 25% during the next 20 years. Likewise, Eurostat 2020 aims to increase investment in Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) to bypass the competitors, Japan and the U.S. As the result, investigating the determinants of robust knowledge economy is a continuing concern between city scholars, planners and leaders. To date, several locational and non-locational factors have been found to be influential. For instance, transit service, walkable street networks and dense neighborhoods that provide walkable access to urban amenities are the location preferences for the creative class. Creative class, in turn, attracts KIBS, and produces innovation which are all contributive to the knowledge-based economic vitality. While such trend is widely supported by the theoretical efforts, there is little empirical evidence on these complex multidimensional relationships and hence this study seeks to investigate both direct and indirect impacts of transit and walking amenities on the robust local knowledge economy. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we developed a comprehensive model that accounts for KIBS, creative economy and innovation productivity and investigates their locational and non-locational determinants with the particular focus on walking and transit amenities. Our results generally echo the findings of previous studies about the key role of industry clustering, place quality amenities, diversity and tolerance on the three drivers of robust local knowledge economy. We found that among all exogenous variables racial diversity and industry clustering have the most significant direct effect on innovation productivity. We also found that transit service quality and walkability contribute to a robust local knowledge economy through KIBS and creative class, but they have an adverse relationship to the innovation production of the STEM small firms. This might be due to the fact that walkability and transit access increase the property values and, therefore, make them unaffordable for small innovative firms. Our findings on the impacts of walkability and transit access on innovation productivity in vulnerable small firms call for attention to the equity aspects of innovation-supportive urban developments.
Macrophages that fix or break the heart

Human myocardium contains different types of macrophages with heterogenous functions and origins.
Standard and Reference Samples of Humic Acids, Fulvic Acids, and Natural Organic Matter from the Suwannee River, Georgia: Thirty Years of Isolation and Characterization

On three occasions since the late 1982, representatives of International Humic Substance Society (IHSS) have isolated standard and reference fulvic acids, humic acids, and natural organic matter (NOM) from the Suwannee River in southeastern Georgia, USA, on the southwestern boundary of the Okefenokee Swamp. Another IHSS expedition to the Suwannee River is planned in May 2012, and results from this new sampling expedition will be included in this presentation. The field and laboratory work involved in isolation of these samples will be described, along with photographic documentation of the sampling location, the methods of isolation, the personnel, etc. Chemical characteristics of the seven currently existing samples will be compared, and the impact of these samples on IHSS and on the wider scientific community will be documented.
Predicting Failures of and Repairing Inductive Proof Attempts

Inductive reasoning is critical for ensuring reliability of computational descriptions, especially of algorithms defined on recursive data structures. Despite advances made in automating inductive reasoning, proof attempts by theorem provers frequently fail while performing inductive reasoning. A user of such a system must scrutinize a failed proof attempt and do intensive debugging to understand the cause of failure, and then provide additional information to make a failed proof attempt
Injured female Veterans’ experiences with community reintegration: a qualitative study

Introduction: Reintegration back into civilian life post-deployment can be difficult for military Veterans, particularly those who have physical and psychological injuries. Research indicates that ...
Influence of large static deformation on the dynamic properties of polymers

The influence of carbon black loading on the dynamic properties of statically deformed elastomers has been investigated. The energy loss per cycle was found to increase according to the square of the strain amplification factor as expressed by the Guth-Gold-Einstein equation. The dynamic complex modulus |E *| is approximately equal to the static modulus obtained from the slope of the static stressstrain curve. The influence of carbon black loading on E* can, therefore, be predicted from its influence on the static stress-strain. curve which was found to be governed by the first power of the strain amplification factor. The tangent of the loss angle can thus be predicted from |E*| and the energy loss per cycle. It does not only depend upon the dynamic viscositiy of the material but upon the shape of the stress-strain curve as well.
Oral Signs of Bacterial Disease

The oral manifestations of bacterial diseases are varied ranging from nonspecific ulcers to the nearly pathognomonic strawberry tongue of scarlet fever. The bacterial diseases with oral manifestations range from the highly prevalent gingivitis/periodontitis to the much rarer diphtheria, a disease physicians in North America would not expect to encounter. This chapter covers the salient features of the following bacterial diseases with emphasis on their oral manifestations: syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, scarlet fever, diphtheria, staphylococcal scalded skin, leprosy, gingivitis/periodontitis, granuloma inguinale, tularemia, and cat scratch disease.
Robust bone regrowth achieving autofusion across Interlaminar space following lumbar microdiscectomy: Case report

Abstract Background Autofusion of spinal vertebrae is uncommon, but it can occur due to advanced degenerative processes and infection. Post-operative spontaneous fusion following non-fusion surgery (autofusion) of spinal vertebrae is also generally uncommon, but it has been reported after laminoplasty, disc arthroplasty with and without heterotopic ossification, and histiocytosis biopsy. To the best of our knowledge, post-operative autofusion in the lumbar spine following decompressive surgery alone has not been reported previously. Case description The authors present an occurrence of a 29-year-old woman who underwent uncomplicated left L4-L5 microdiscectomy for spondylosis, low back pain, and left lower extremity radiculopathy. The patient returned to the hospital 6 years post-operatively due to recurrent radiculopathy, and CT imaging showed regrowth of left sided bone at the operative site and also extending across interlaminar space, ranging from the superior lamina to the most inferior part of the decompression. Conclusions The case indicates that post-operative bone regrowth can extend beyond operative decompression defects and cross over interlaminar space causing autofusion. Autofusion could be due to instability within the lumbar spine via degenerative disc changes, and it may be underreported due to lack of post-operative imaging in most patients undergoing uncomplicated, lumbar decompression surgery.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis manifesting as refractory chylothorax and chyloperitoneum.

This is a rare case of sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (S-LAM) manifesting as refractory chylothorax and chyloperitoneum. A middle-aged woman with unremarkable medical history presented with respiratory failure, abdominal distension and anasarca. She was found to have high-output chylous effusion that required chest tube drainage, as well as chylous ascites. Notably initial chest and abdominal CT did not reveal characteristic pulmonary cysts or the presence of angiomyolipomas suggestive of LAM. An extensive oncologic and infectious work-up was undertaken with negative findings. The chylous effusion was persistent and refractory to thoracic duct embolization, total parenteral nutrition with octreotide, and talc pleurodesis. Diagnosis of S-LAM was confirmed after repeat chest CT showed subtle pulmonary cystic changes, and serum vascular endothelial growth factor-D level was found to be elevated at 834 pg/mL. Patient was started on sirolimus therapy, but lost to follow-up after hospital discharge. Patient died approximately 1 year later.
Mechanistic Understanding of the Phosphorylation-Induced Conformational Rigidity at the AMPA Receptor C-terminal Domain

Phosphorylation at the intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD) of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors induces conformational rigidity. Such intracellular alterations to the AMPA receptor influence its functional responses, which are involved in multiple synaptic processes and neuronal signaling. The structure of the CTD still remains unresolved, which poses challenges toward providing a mechanism for the process of phosphorylation and deciphering the role of each phosphorylation step in causing the resultant conformational behavior. Herein, we utilize smFRET spectroscopy to understand the mechanism of phosphorylation, with the help of strategic point mutations that mimic phosphorylation. Our results reveal that first, phosphorylation at three target sites (S818, S831, and T840) is necessary for the change in the secondary structure of the existing disordered native sequence. Also, the results suggest that the formation of the tertiary structure through electrostatic interaction involving one specific phosphorylation site (S831) stabilizes the structure and renders conformational rigidity.
Prediction and Comparison of Fentanyl Infusion Pharmacokinetics in Obese and Nonobese Children.

OBJECTIVES To compare fentanyl infusion pharmacokinetic variables in obese children and nonobese children. DESIGN A pharmacokinetic simulation study. SETTING We used a semi-physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to generate fentanyl pharmacokinetic variables. SUBJECTS Simulations of pharmacokinetic variables were based on historical inpatient demographic data in less than 18-year-olds. INTERVENTIONS Obese children were defined as children less than 2 years with weight-for-length greater than or equal to 97.7th percentile or body mass index-for-age greater than or equal to 95th percentile for greater than or equal to 2-17-year-olds. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Overall, 4,376 patients were included, with 807 (18.4%) classified as obese children. The majority (52.9%) were male, with a median age of 8.1 years (interquartile range, 4.3-13.0 yr). The differences in total clearance (CLS), volume of distribution at steady-state values, weight-normalized CLS, and weight-normalized volume of distribution at steady state were assessed in obese children and nonobese children. Multivariable analyses indicated that obesity was significantly associated with a higher CLS in obese children greater than 6-year-olds (p < 0.0375). However, there was an 11-30% decrease in weight-normalized CLS in obese children versus nonobese children in all age groups (p < 0.05). Both volume of distribution at steady state and weight-normalized volume of distribution at steady state increased significantly in obese children compared with nonobese children (p < 0.05). Fentanyl plasma concentration-time profiles of obese children and nonobese children pairs (ages 4, 9, and 15) receiving 1 µg/kg/hr using total body weight were also compared. Steady-state concentrations of the obese children using similar weight-based dosing increased by 25%, 77%, and 44% in comparison to nonobese children 4-, 9-, and 15-year-olds, respectively. Time to steady state and elimination half-lives were two- to four-fold longer in obese children. An additional simulation was conducted for 15-year-old obese children and nonobese children using a fixed dose of 50 µg/hr and it provided similar pharmacokinetic profiles. CONCLUSIONS CLS may increase less than proportional to weight in obese children greater than 6-year-olds, while volume of distribution at steady state increases more than proportional to weight in all obese children compared with nonobese children. Weight-based dosing in obese children may cause an increase in steady-state concentration while prolonging the time to steady state. Exploring alternative dosing strategies for obese children is warranted.
Interprofessional education to enhance integration of medical students into labor and delivery

Abstract In the L&D setting, especially in high risk academic centers, medical students often, though unintentionally, may be excluded from care given the pace and sensitive nature of this field. Additionally, students are often paired with residents who manage multiple patients simultaneously, limiting the students’ ability to experience the full spectrum of labor care. Here we describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an interprofessional education (IPE) program within the Obstetrics clerkship at a university-based allopathic medical school whereby students are paired to L&D nurses for a portion of their clerkship. During this pilot, students were paired with nurses for a shift managing labor and a half-shift managing neonatal transitions to extrauterine life and encouraged to participate actively in all aspects of patient care. A voluntary and anonymous post-experience survey was developed by subject matter experts and included a validated IPE instrument. This was distributed to both participating groups at the end of the clerkship. Results demonstrated that the addition of an IPE to the Obstetrics sub-clerkship was low cost, feasible, and may improve unit culture. Both medical students and L&D nurses perceived personal benefit and a positive impact on unit culture from IPE. For medical students, IPE improved their Ob/Gyn clerkship experience. The following resources are included: student handbook overview and instructions.
Informatics and Decision Support

Clinical decision support systems encompass both computerized and paper-based tools, which aid clinicians in decision-making. Decision support systems are frequently integrated with electronic medical records to guide treatment decisions and to aid in decision-making at the point of care. The decision support can be delivered in a variety of ways from medication suggestions and warnings to guideline recommendations. They can be built using simplistic rule-based techniques or more complex artificial intelligence methodologies. Improvement and evaluation of clinical decision support systems can be accomplished using translational informatics. This chapter uses examples in the management of pediatric asthma and pediatric epilepsy to discuss how informatics is being applied to improve clinical decision support systems.
Minimally invasive posterior cervical fixation

Posterior fixation techniques continue to play a vital part in the treatment of cervical spine pathology. Evolving from semirigid techniques such as wiring to dynamic screw-plate constructs, modern techniques employing screw rod constructs now allow for far more robust stabilization after cervical decompression. Additionally, interfacet and transfacet techniques have further added to the armamentarium available to surgeons to achieve rigid arthrodesis and maintainance of correction. With the implementation of minimally invasive tissue-sparing techniques during posterior cervical instrumentation, significant improvements in soft tissue morbidity, blood loss, pain, recovery, return to work, infection, and reoperation rates have also been observed and documented. Contemporary three-dimensional intraoperative imaging techniques also provide enhanced accuracy and localization during instrumentation of the posterior cervical anatomy. When used with newer perioperative pharmaceutical and anesthetic protocols as well as with modern intraoperative neurmonitoring modalities such as motor evoked potentials, the combination of these surgical technologies has served to greatly enhance the efficacy, safety,,accuracy, and outcomes of posterior surgical decompressive and instrumentation procedures.
Multi-Channel Deep Neural Network For Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Classification Using Multimodal Mri Data

Multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities are currently used for the diagnosis and characterization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The objective of this study is to assess the performance of individual and combination of multimodal MRI datasets to provide an accurate classification of TLE by employing a multi-channel deep neural network. Several multi-channel deep neural network models were trained, validated, and tested using brain structure metrics from structural MRI, MRI-based region of interest correlation features, and personal demographic and cognitive data (PDC). The results show that PDC individually offered the most accurate classification of TLE followed by the combination of PDC with MRI-based brain structure metrics. These findings demonstrate the potential of deep learning approaches such as mDNN models to combine multiple datasets for TLE classification.
Neocolonial Thinking and Respect for Nature: Do Indigenous People have Different Relationships with Wildlife than Europeans?

We respond to Mech (2019) “Do Indigenous American Peoples’ Stories Inform the Study of Dog Domestication” and point out a number of errors and omissions in Mech’s essay. These include: 1) assuming that the behavior of all wild wolves is the same, and can be characterized according only to Mech’s personal experience; 2) assuming that the domestication of wolves took place in only a single location at one time (14,000 yrs BP); 3) misrepresenting the statements and findings of other scholars; 4) assuming that all wolves that have ever encountered humans have experienced persecution; and 5) dismissing all accounts of interactions with wolves by Indigenous Americans. The last of these is particularly egregious and seems to represent a form of neocolonial thinking, in which only accounts and findings by Europeans are considered to be acceptable evidence. Mech’s own work on Ellesmere Island seems to support the idea that wolves can be curious and unthreatening to humans. We suggest that this might be the only actual time Mech interacted with true Canis lupus. In addition, Mech’s statements on wolf attacks and the significance of rabies are shown to be misleading. As a result, Mech’s work, especially his questioning of the validity of Indigenous knowledge, which often provides crucial insights into some aspects of ethnobiological research, represents a critique of methods employed by scholars within the discipline of ethnobiology, whereas, as a wildlife biologist, Mech seems to lack knowledge of the principles of ethnobiology.
Preliminary test-retest reliability of the Wheelchair Satisfaction Questionnaire

Economic realities in lower-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) present an increased need for outcome measures for wheelchair efficacy, as these measures enable optimized use of funds. As the provi...
Acute Pancreatitis: A Review.

Importance In the United States, acute pancreatitis is one of the leading causes of hospital admission from gastrointestinal diseases, with approximately 300 000 emergency department visits each year. Outcomes from acute pancreatitis are influenced by risk stratification, fluid and nutritional management, and follow-up care and risk-reduction strategies, which are the subject of this review. Observations MEDLINE was searched via PubMed as was the Cochrane databases for English-language studies published between January 2009 and August 2020 for current recommendations for predictive scoring tools, fluid management and nutrition, and follow-up and risk-reduction strategies for acute pancreatitis. Several scoring systems, such as the Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II tools, have good predictive capabilities for disease severity (mild, moderately severe, and severe per the revised Atlanta classification) and mortality, but no one tool works well for all forms of acute pancreatitis. Early and aggressive fluid resuscitation and early enteral nutrition are associated with lower rates of mortality and infectious complications, yet the optimal type and rate of fluid resuscitation have yet to be determined. The underlying etiology of acute pancreatitis should be sought in all patients, and risk-reduction strategies, such as cholecystectomy and alcohol cessation counseling, should be used during and after hospitalization for acute pancreatitis. Conclusions and relevance Acute pancreatitis is a complex disease that varies in severity and course. Prompt diagnosis and stratification of severity influence proper management. Scoring systems are useful adjuncts but should not supersede clinical judgment. Fluid management and nutrition are very important aspects of care for acute pancreatitis.
'Digoxin conundrum - Time for validation?'

Abstract Despite no incontrovertible data, Digoxin use has been demonised. As a consequence, a lot of patients, stable on Digoxin, have been taken off it and offered alternative drugs. However, there is some light at the end of the tunnel for Digoxin, with the reporting of RATE-AF Trial at the recent European Society of Cardiology Congress. Compared to Bisoprolol, Digoxin use was associated with statistically significantly greater improvements in symptomatology and NT ProBNP levels making Digoxin a first line drug for rate control in permanent AF.
Advanced Preclean Chamber for Ubm/Rdl Contact Resistance Improvement in Advanced Node Packaging Application

Next-generation Under Bump Metallization (UBM) size reduction and increasing polymer thickness bring about thermomechanical benefits such as reduced low-k stress for advanced semiconductor packages. In addition, the adoption of fluorinated polymers provides low-k passivation which reduces signal delay and power consumption. However, these inflections at advanced nodes create new challenges for bump contact resistance ( $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{C}}$ ) due to increased polymer outgassing and smaller via size. This paper describes an advanced pre-clean chamber and optimized pre-clean process condition developed to improve $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{C}}$ on various polymers. It is shown that the improved pre-clean efficiency results in significantly lower carbon, oxygen and fluorine contaminants at the Ti/Al interface, measured by TEM/EDX analysis. The $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{C}}$ values measured on a test vehicle with three-wire Kelvin test structures demonstrated a >60% lower $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{C}}$ and improved $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{C}}$ standard deviation. The new pre-clean chamber also enables higher throughput while maintaining a low wafer temperature for outgassing control.
Abstract LB197: An SU2C-Mark Foundation Lung collaborative update: integrative genomics identifies distinct transcriptional states associated with checkpoint blockade resistance

The advent of PD-1/PD-L1 agents has transformed the therapeutic landscape of many advanced cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, our understanding of the genomic biomarkers underlying effective treatment response remain limited. Here we provide updated results from our ongoing effort, the Stand Up To Cancer Lung (SU2C-Lung)/Mark Foundation EXTOLConsortium, a multi-institution collaboration to expand our understanding of the molecular determinants of immunotherapy response in NSCLC. Comprising a set of nearly 400 patients, this cohort enables evaluation of both genomic and transcriptomic factors associated with checkpoint blockade response. In addition to validating previously known associations including TMB and neoantigen burden, we examined transcriptional predictors associated with response. We generated a list of differentially expressed genes with respect to best overall response (BOR), and performed dimensionality reduction using semi-supervised Bayesian Non-Negative Factorization (ssBNMF). We identified 3 distinct clusters with strong sample membership. Characterization of these subtypes revealed varying levels of immune infiltrate, histologic composition, and response rates to checkpoint blockade. Of these three subtypes, two were associated with low response rates to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, suggesting the existence of distinct avenues toward resistance. To further characterize these transcriptional subtypes, we used ssBNMF marker genes to classify publicly available NSCLC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), along with gene expression from a smaller cohort of large-cell neuroendocrine (LCNE) samples. Histologic composition showed good concordance with our SU2C samples, and redemonstrated observations within our smaller SU2C cohort of distinct immuno-suppressive and immuno-depleted milieus associated with resistance. Citation Format: Monica B. Arniella, Arvind Ravi, Justin Gainor, Chip Stewart, Sam Freeman, Mark Awad, Patrick Forde, Valsamo Anagnostou, Brian Henick, Jonathan W. Riess, Don Gibbons, Nathan Pennell, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Ignaty Leshchiner, Jaegil Kim, Subba Digumarthy, Mari Mino-Kenudson, John Heymach, Nir Hacohen, Naiyer Rizvi, Roy Herbst, Victor E. Velculescu, Julie Brahmer, Kurt Schalper, Pasi Janne, Jedd Wolchok, Alice Shaw, Gad Getz, Matthew D. Hellman. An SU2C-Mark Foundation Lung collaborative update: integrative genomics identifies distinct transcriptional states associated with checkpoint blockade resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB197.
An inclusion principle for the Rayleigh-Ritz based substructure synthesis

According to this substructure synthesis, the motion of every substructure is modeled in terms of quasicomparison functions, which are linear combinations of admissible functions capable of satisfying all the boundary conditions.
Resistin Induces LIN28A-Mediated Let-7a Repression in Breast Cancer Cells Leading to IL-6 and STAT3 Upregulation.

Downregulation of the Let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported in several cancers, including breast malignancy; however, underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Resistin is an important component of the tumor microenvironment, having a functional impact on the tumor cell phenotypes. Here, we examined the role of resistin in the regulation of Let-7 miRNAs and studied its downstream consequences. We found that resistin treatment led to the reduced expression of Let-7 family miRNAs in breast cancer (BC) cells, with the highest downregulation reported for Let-7a. Furthermore, resistin induced the expression of LIN28A, and its silencing abrogated resistin-mediated Let-7a suppression. Let-7a restoration or LIN28A silencing abolished the resistin-induced growth, clonogenicity, and sphere-forming ability of BC cells. Restoration of Let-7a also suppressed the resistin-induced expression of genes associated with growth, survival, and stemness. Pathway analysis suggested STAT3 as a putative central node associated with Let-7a-mediated gene regulation. In silico analysis identified STAT3 and its upstream modifier, IL-6, as putative Let-7a gene targets, which were later confirmed by 3′UTR-reporter assays. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel resistin/LIN28A/Let-7a/IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis supporting the growth and stemness of BC cells.
The challenges facing female transplant hepatologists as young faculty.

Transition from a Fellow to an Attending can be challenging; these challenges can be amplified for women, especially at a new institution. Here are lessons I learnt that might help others with improving this transition.
The 21st Century Cures Act and Emergency Medicine – Part 1: Digitally Sharing Notes and Results

Among the provisions of the 21st Century Cures Act is the mandate for digital sharing of clinician notes and test results through the patient portal of the clinician’s electronic health record system. Although there is considerable evidence of the benefit to clinic patients from open notes and minimal apparent additional burden to primary care clinicians, emergency department (ED) note sharing has not been studied. With easier access to notes and results, ED patients may have an enhanced understanding of their visit, findings, and clinician’s medical decisionmaking, which may improve adherence to recommendations. Patients may also seek clarifications and request edits to their notes. EDs can develop workflows to address patient concerns without placing new undue burden on clinicians, helping to realize the benefits of sharing notes and test results digitally.
Chapter 33 Schizophrenia: neurobiological perspectives

Publisher Summary Schizophrenia remains the most enigmatic and elusive of all psychopathological conditions. This chapter surveys the field of schizophrenia from a combined clinical and neurobiological perspective and presents recent findings supporting the author's view that schizophrenia, as an aberrant emotional, cognitive, and behavioral state rather than a homogeneous distinct entity, is closely related to (determined by) a dysfunction of the brain's information processing system involving the associative cortical areas, limbic system, prefrontal cortex loop and that it arises primarily from a defective signal gating and signal modulating mechanism in limbic structures (mainly in the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex). The proposition lies in a three-dimensional conceptual framework comprising neurodevelopmental, activity-dependent neuroplastic and functional connectivity processes interacting in an integrative fashion.
Defending Korematsu?: Reflections on Civil Liberties in Wartime

This Essay explores some general characteristics of the U.S. response to questions of civil liberties in wartime. After addressing some general challenges to the proposition that during war, law is silent, the Essay sketches the historical pattern, in which wartime actions become regarded as civil liberties violations after the emergency has passed. It argues that this pattern can be explained by a combination of difficulties of decision-making in conditions of uncertainty, with systematic and predictable errors in judgment. The Essay describes a process of social learning, in which the lessons of the past have produced incrementally smaller civil liberties violations over time. It concludes with an analysis of the constitutional status of emergency powers, analyzing the Habeas Corpus Clause and suggesting that attempting to control exercises of emergency power through constitutional provisions is misguided, and that treating such powers as extra-constitutional would contribute more to the process of social learning.
Evaluating Intelsat's performance and prospects

Abstract This article summarizes recent research on the past performance and future prospects of Intelsat. In its early years discussion focused mainly on the dominant position within the organization of the USA. More recently Intelsat's monopoly position has been challenged to a certain extent by direct competition, the potential of submarine fibre optic cables, the effects of domestic deregulation in member countries and others factors. The author examines five paradigms which have been proposed to account for Intelsat's behaviour to date, and concludes by summarizing several recommendations for ensuring the organization's long-term financial and political viability.
Advances in Cardiac Pacing: Beyond the Transvenous Right Ventricular Apical Lead

While for decades right ventricular (RV) apical pacing has been the standard of care for patients requiring pacemaker or defibrillator lead placement, investigators have sought alternatives to achieve more physiologic electrical activation of the heart and reduce long-term pathologic effects of nonphysiologic apical pacing. These investigations have included attempts at identifying superior pacing sites within the right atrium and RV and development of new leads to enhance specificity of sensing and capture. This review focuses on recent advances in alternative sites for pacing and developments in novel pacing technology ranging from intramyocardial electrodes to leadless pacemakers. First, there have been several studies demonstrating potential benefits of site-specific pacing, including His bundle pacing and RV outflow tract pacing in potentially attenuating electromechanical dyssynchrony and long-term functional decline seen with RV apical pacing. Available options for lead placement have been enhanced by development of intramyocardial electrodes that may significantly reduce far-field oversensing and nonchamber specific capture. With development of intramyocardial electrodes, the potential for atrioventricular septal pacing has recently been described, making synchronous activation of both ventricles with a one-lead system possible without crossing the tricuspid valve and offering an alternative to modern cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Finally, recent advances in leadless pacemaker systems using ultrasound or magnetic fields are briefly discussed. The results of these studies suggest that there may be options to the RV apex, made possible by novel lead and pacemaker technology. These advances can potentially aid in reducing long-term negative effects of chronic pacemaker therapy.
Immunohistochemical investigation of cotton carpel tissue exposed to xylanolytic hydrolases of Aspergillus flavus

Abstract Cotton carpel tissue (35–45 days post-anthesis) that had been treated with a mixture of xylanolytic hydrolases derived from Aspergillus flavus was subjected to immunocytochemical analysis. Microscopic examination of treated tissues revealed severe degradation of the secondary wall structure. Control tissue cells revealed the presence of high concentrations of xylans/arabinoxylans throughout the cell wall, as well as significant concentrations of arabinogalactan proteins in secondary wall structure. Carpel cells treated with a mixture of A. flavus -produced xylanolytic hydrolases showed a much reduced presence of labeling by xylan-specific antibodies on the inner wall surface, suggesting a severe loss of these plant polysaccharides in the secondary wall structure. Carpel exposure to a purified 14 kD endoxylanase from A. flavus also resulted in a severe reduction of xylans from secondary wall structure, although penetration of the tissue was not as dramatic. Arabinogalactan proteins were not as severely affected by the xylanolytic hydrolases. Comparison of control tissue with hydrolase-treated tissue stained with toluidine blue revealed an apparent reduction in wall thickness, supporting the conclusion of secondary wall structure degradation. Interestingly, the pectins could only be detected in the samples treated with xylanolytic enzymes, indicating that the pectins were being masked by xylans. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the xylanolytic hydrolase complex of A. flavus is a critical factor for host cell wall maceration and may represent another important fungal virulence factor, in addition to pectolytic hydrolase activities.
The effect of cognitive load and patient race on physicians' decisions to prescribe opioids for chronic low back pain: a randomized trial.

Objective To test the hypothesis that racial biases in opioid prescribing would be more likely under high levels of cognitive load, defined as the amount of mental activity imposed on working memory, which may come from environmental factors such as stressful conditions, chaotic workplace, staffing insufficiency, and competing demands, one's own psychological or physiological state, as well as from demands inherent in the task at hand. Design Two (patient race: White vs Black) by two (cognitive load: low vs high) between-subjects factorial design. Setting and Participants Ninety-eight primary care physicians from the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Methods Web-based experimental study. Physicians were randomly assigned to read vignettes about either a Black or White patient, under low vs high cognitive load, and to indicate their likelihood of prescribing opioids. High cognitive load was induced by having physicians perform a concurrent task under time pressure. Results There was a three-way interaction between patient race, cognitive load, and physician gender on prescribing decisions (P = 0.034). Hypotheses were partially confirmed. Male physicians were less likely to prescribe opioids for Black than White patients under high cognitive load (12.5% vs 30.0%) and were more likely to prescribe opioids for Black than White patients under low cognitive load (30.8% vs 10.5%). By contrast, female physicians were more likely to prescribe opioids for Black than White patients in both conditions, with greater racial differences under high (39.1% vs 15.8%) vs low cognitive load (28.6% vs 21.7%). Conclusions Physician gender affected the way in which patient race and cognitive load influenced decisions to prescribe opioids for chronic pain. Future research is needed to further explore the potential effects of physician gender on racial biases in pain treatment, and the effects of physician cognitive load on pain treatment.
Abstract LB-285: Computational pathology for predicting prostate cancer recurrence

Background: Conventional methods for predicting prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness, which rely heavily on the Gleason score of architectural pattern, remain imperfect. We have developed an approach that combines machine vision and machine learning analysis of routine HE 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-285. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-285
AFLP analysis of genetic variability in New Guinea impatiens

New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) is an economically important floral crop, however, little work has been conducted to further our understanding of the genetics of this crop. In this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology to investigate the level of polymorphism present among 41 commercial cultivars of New Guinea impatiens, study their genetic relatedness, and assess the genetic diversity in this material. An efficient DNA extraction protocol was developed, and a total of 48 EcoRI and MseI primer combinations were used for PCR amplification. Amplification products were then subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The AFLP analysis showed that all 41 cultivars generated between 73 and 130 scoreable polymorphic bands per primer combination. Gower's Genetic Dissimilarity estimates for the entire set of cultivars ranged between 0.940 and 0.488. A dendogram was generated from these dissimilarity data that revealed four groupings among these 41 cultivars. The implications of these results on genotypic variation, genetic relationships, and genetic diversity in New Guinea impatiens will be discussed.
Theoretical basis for at‐many‐stations hydraulic geometry

Citation: Gleason, C. J., & Wang, J.(2015). Theoretical basis for at-many-stations hydraulic geometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(17), 7107-7114. doi:10.1002/2015gl064935
Why Did You Cut Me

(2009). “Why Did You Cut Me?”. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 39-42.
Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) offers the possibility to treat diseases by stimulating immune functions in a targeted manner. Krieg reviews the potential of synthetic DNAs that activate TLR9 and are in clinical development in cancer, infectious disease and asthma/allergy. In the decade since the discovery that mouse B cells respond to certain unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA, a specific receptor for these 'CpG motifs' has been identified, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and a new approach to immunotherapy has moved into the clinic based on the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as TLR9 agonists. This review highlights the current understanding of the mechanism of action of these CpG ODN, and provides an overview of the preclinical data and early human clinical trial results using these drugs to improve vaccines and treat cancer, infectious disease and allergy/asthma.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding cytoplasmic low molecular weight heat shock proteins in hexaploid wheat

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to accumulate in plants under high temperature stress conditions. In an effort to study the function of low molecular weight (LMW) HSPs in cultivated wheat, we have cloned and characterized three cDNAs from Triticum aestivum, Tahsp16.9B, and Tahsp17.4, respectively, t at encode peptides having homology to the cytoplasmic LMW HSP family. Nucleotide sequence comparisons indicate that: (1) Tahsp16.9A and Tahsp16.9B belong to the LMW HSP class I; there is 82% identity of whole cDNA sequence between them, but only 58% identity at the 3′ non-coding region. (2) Tahsp17.4 belongs to LMW HSP class II. Amino acid sequence comparisons indicate that there is a 97% similarity between Tahsp16.9A and Tahsp16.9B and 57% between class I and class II (Tahsp17.4) members in wheat. There is a 93% similarity between Tahsp17.4 and Zmhsp17.9 from maize which belong to class II of LMW HSPs. Northern blot hybridization analysis was performed using poly(A)+ RNA from green leaf tissues treated at different temperatures (25°, 28°, 31°, 34°, 37° and 40°C) for 60 min or at 37°C for different time periods (0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min). These experiments revealed that the expression of Tahsp16.9B and Tahsp17.4 was induced beginning at 31°C and reached maximum levels at 37°C. The onset of mRNA induction occured within about 7 min, reached a peak at 60 min and declined after 240 min when treated under the optimal heat stress condition (37°C). In vitro hybrid selection and Southern blot analysis data indicate that Tahsp16.9A and Tahsp16.9B belong to a 12-member class I multigene family. Tahsp 17.4 on the other hand belongs to a 14-member class II multigene family. These cDNAs, which encode cytoplasmic LMW HSPs in hexaploid wheat, will provide us with tools to investigate the rolesof HSPs in an agriculturally important cereal crop species.