cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Selenium Species in Brazil Nuts by HPLC−ICP-MS and ES-MS

Brazil nuts have been classified as the foodstuffs that contain the highest level of unadulterated selenium, an essential trace element that appears to prevent cancer. To date, characterization of the selenium species in brazil nuts has not yet been investigated. In this work, various sample preparation approaches, including microwave extractions and enzymatic treatments, are examined with the goal of species preservation and subsequent selenium speciation; of these approaches, an enzymatic treatment with Proteinase K proved most effective. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation strategies and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection schemes will also be presented. Extracts are evaluated against available standards for the commercially obtainable seleno-amino acids, selenomethionine (SeMet), selenoethionine (SeEt), and selenocystine (SeCys); selenomethionine was demonstrated to be the most abundant of these seleno-amino acids. Further characterization of unidentified selenium-containing peaks is attempted by the employment of several procedures, including electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS). A peptide structure was identified; however, this was considered a tentative proposal due to the large background produced by the extremely complicated brazil nut matrix.
Egg Weights, Energy Reserves, and Internal Nest Temperatures in Embryo Nests of Dolichovespula maculata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Eggs of the baldfaced hornet, Dolichovespula maculata (L.), were collected from embryo (spring) nests and summer nests to quantify the energetic contributions provided by the queen. Egg weights were highest in the spring and decreased with progressive nest development. Mean dry weight of eggs in embryo nests was 266.4µg; August nests had a mean dry egg weight of 179.6µg. Nutrient reserves of eggs in embryo nests, in order of importance, were lipid (22%), glucose (9.5%), and glycogen (5%). A 10-d egg incubation experiment snowed a mean loss of 83µg in egg dry weight from an initial weight of 282µg. Temperature recordings from an embryo nest indicated that D. maculata queens can increase the temperature within an embryo nest as much as 4°C above ambient. The energetic contributions that a queen provides to the eggs are discussed with respect to environmental influences on development.
The Great Recession, Housing Wealth, and the Retirement Decisions of Older Workers

To determine how asset values of older workers affect their future retirement decisions, it is important to take into account how asset values change over asset cycles. This study uses Health and R...
“She must be trippin'”: The secret of disrespect from students of Color toward faculty of Color

In this chapter, the author explores student incivility in higher education, with an emphasis on the often hidden circumstance of students of color exhibiting disrespectful behavior toward their professors of the same race.
Occurrence of Talc as a Clay Mineral in Sedimentary Rocks

TALC is a metamorphic and hydrothermal mineral which is found typically in the greenschist facies of metamorphic rocks, and in shear zones where it is an alteration product. Talc has recently been found to be widespread in lime stones of many formations ranging in age from Devonian through Recent. Where present, it is almost invariably accompanied by chlorite; other clay minerals may or may not be present. The occurrence of talc has also been noted in sandstones and shales, but in these rocks it is extremely uncommon.
The diagnosis and management of breast problems during pregnancy and lactation

Abstract Background : In addition to mastitis, lactational breast abscesses, and several other benign conditions unique to the puerperium, pregnant women may develop any of the other breast problems seen in the nonpregnant female population. This review deals with the diagnosis and management of breast problems during pregnancy and lactation. Data sources : A literature review of the evaluation, technique of biopsy, and treatment of cancer in pregnant women was conducted. Conclusions : The most common problems fall into a spectrum of infectious complications from milk stasis or mastitis to frank abscess formation. Galactoceles, noninfected milk-filled cysts, present as tender masses; aspiration is both diagnostic and curative. Benign fibroadenomas occasionally enlarge significantly or infarct during pregnancy. A physiologic nipple discharge is common during pregnancy, and may be bloody. Rare cases of massive breast hypertrophy during pregnancy have been reported. The mortality of breast cancer during pregnancy is related to delay: compared stage-for-stage with nonpregnant controls, the prognosis is similar. As a general rule, the cancer should be treated surgically and the pregnancy may be allowed to progress.
Statistical entropy and a qualitative gas-liquid phase diagram.

For a classical monatomic fluid, gas and liquid phases are differentiatedon the basis of their statistical-mechanical entropy expressions. In the customary picture of a gas, each particle is first allowed to move independently over the entire volume; interactions are then introduced, and the configurational entropy becomes 1 minus the interaction corrections. In a liquid, the configurational entropy is assumed to be dominated by correlations, and is expressed as S/sup (2)/ plus higher-order correlation corrections, where the two-particle term S/sup (2)/ is of order -2. For liquid argon at 85 K on the saturation curve, S/sup (2)/ is evaluated from the measured radial distribution function, and the entropy is accurately given by liquid statistical theory, with the higher-order correlation corrections being approximately 13% of the magnitude of S/sup (2)/. A qualitative gas-liquid phase diagram is drawn for a classical monatomic fluid.
Convex infinite horizon programs

We establish conditions under which a sequence of finite horizon convex programs monotonically increases in value to the value of the infinite program; a subsequence of optimal solutions converges to the optimal solution of the infinite problem. If the conditions we impose fail, then (roughtly) the optimal value of the infinite horizon problem is an improper convex function. Under more restrictive conditions we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality. This constructive procedure gives us a way to solve the infinite (long range) problem by solving a finite (short range) problem. It appears to work well in practice.
The Reception of J. H. van't Hoff's Theory of the Asymmetric Carbon Atom.

The author recounts the reception of J. H. van't Hoff's theory of the asymmetric carbon atom.
The Statistics of Curie-Weiss Models

LetSn denote the random total magnetization of ann-site Curie-Weiss model, a collection ofn (spin) random variables with an equal interaction of strength 1/n between each pair of spins. The asymptotic behavior for largen of the probability distribution ofSn is analyzed and related to the well-known (mean-field) thermodynamic properties of these models. One particular result is that at a type-k critical point (Sn-nm)/n1−1/2k has a limiting distribution with density proportional to exp[-λs2k/(2k)!], wherem is the mean magnetization per site and A is a positive critical parameter with a universal upper bound. Another result describes the asymptotic behavior relevant to metastability.
Collision-Induced Dissociation of Diazirine-Labeled Peptide Ions. Evidence for Brønsted-Acid Assisted Elimination of Nitrogen

Gas-phase dissociations were investigated for several peptide ions containing the Gly-Leu* N-terminal motif where Leu* was a modified norleucine residue containing the photolabile diazirine ring. Collisional activation of gas-phase peptide cations resulted in facile N₂ elimination that competed with backbone dissociations. A free lysine ammonium group can act as a Bronsted acid to facilitate N₂ elimination. This dissociation was accompanied by insertion of a lysine proton in the side chain of the photoleucine residue, as established by deuterium labeling and gas-phase sequencing of the products. Electron structure calculations were used to provide structures and energies of reactants, intermediates, and transition states for Gly-Leu*-Gly-Gly-Lys amide ions that were combined with RRKM calculations of unimolecular rate constants. The calculations indicated that Bronsted acid-catalyzed eliminations were kinetically preferred over direct loss of N₂ from the diazirine ring. Mechanisms are proposed to explain the proton-initiated reactions and discuss the reaction products. The non-catalyzed diazirine ring cleavage and N₂ loss is proposed as a thermometer dissociation for peptide ion dissociations.
Indirect-path methods for atomic and molecular energies, and new Koopmans theorems

Staircase and ladder methods are proposed for atomic and molecular total and dissociation energies. In both methods, the energies are generated by employing indirect paths via information obtained from effective potentials. In the staircase method, the energies are determined in steps by successive alternations of electron and proton removals. Within the Hartree-Fock (HF) staircase formulation, the energy for electron removal is taken as the negative of the highest-occupied orbital energy, and the energy for proton removal is obtained as the difference of conventional HF total-energy expectation values. The HF staircase total and dissociation energies are significantly superior to the traditional HF values. In the ladder method, total energies are obtained by summing successive highest-occupied orbital energies for fixed nuclei. Both methods are useful within more advanced many-body theories and are exact within exact Kohn-Sham density-functional theory where the magnitude of the highest-occupied orbital energy equals the experimental ionization energy. Self-interaction-corrected density-functional results are presented. We assert two new Koopmans theorems: (1) the energy $\mathcal{E}$ of the highest-occupied HF orbital would give the experimental ionization energy $I$ if the exact ground-state wave function were free of single excitations out of this orbital, and (2) $\mathcal{E}=\ensuremath{-}I$ when the exact correlation potential, ${v}_{c}([n];\mathrm{r})$, is added to the Fock potential and self-consistency is achieved in both the HF orbitals and in the density $n$.
High performance computing for detection of electricity theft

Abstract Transmission and distribution of electricity involve technical as well as Non-Technical Losses (NTLs). Illegal consumption of electricity constitutes a major portion of the NTL at distribution feeder level. Considering the severity and devastating effects of the problem, illegal consumption of electricity has to be detected instantly in real-time. To this end, this paper investigates the possibility and role of High Performance Computing (HPC) algorithms in detection of illegal consumers. This paper designs and implements an encoding procedure to simplify and modify customer energy consumption data for quicker analysis without compromising the quality or uniqueness of the data. This paper parallelizes overall customer classification process. The parallelized algorithms have resulted in appreciable results as displayed in the results section of the paper.
Picosecond Electronic Relaxations In Amorphous Semiconductors

Using the pump and probe technique the relaxation processes of photogenerated carriers in amorphous tetrahedral semiconductors and chalcogenide glasses in the time domain from 0.5 Ps to 1.4 ns have been studied. The results obtained on the following phenomena are reviewed: hot carrier thermalization in amorphous silicon; trapping of carriers in undoped a-Si:H; trapping of carriers in deep traps produced by doping; geminate recombination in As2S3-xSex glasses.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Computer graphics in undergraduate statistics

Summary This paper shows how the use of computer graphics can be of assistance in an introductory statistics course. The advantages over more traditional diagrammatic representations are discussed and an outline is given of two computer‐supported graphic display systems. A description is also provided of a controlled experiment, designed to evaluate the influence of such graphical aids.
Relating learning capability to the success of computer-integrated manufacturing

Abstract With rapid advances in both electronic and mechanical technologies, computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems increasingly give users greater flexibility, quality, speed and productivity. However, the exploration and exploitation of sophisticated CIM systems necessitate organizational learning. This study empirically relates organizational learning capability to the performance of CIM firms (or plants). The results of a hierarchical regression analysis of 124 firms indicates that while learning capability plays a significant role overall, proper alignment of learning capabilities with CIM techniques will lead to better performance.
The relative economic impact of convention and tourist visitors on a regional economy: a case study.

Abstract This study shows for a regional economy, the relative impact of convention travel parties is larger than that of general tourists which, in part, justifies the existence of convention bureaus. Convention and meetings are highly beneficial in that they can complement the seasonal fluctuations in general tourism activity. Because this is a case study of Orlando, Florida, care must be taken in generalizing the results. In Orlando the average meeting length, the average travel party size, and the number of days that travel parties remain beyond the convention are all higher than the average for the U.S.A. Further, in smaller cities, the specialized convention services are likely to be imported from outside of the local economy, thereby reducing the convention multipliers.
Complete globozoospermia associated with PLCζ deficiency treated with calcium ionophore and ICSI results in pregnancy.

Globozoospermia is an infrequent pathology in which spermatozoa lack acrosomes. Patients are considered sterile without IVF augmented with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as fertilization is impaired due to absence of oocyte activation. As far as is known, this is the first study to report results of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of the semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, aneuploidy, transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting and immunofluorescence for detection of phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ), as well as ICSI outcome, of an affected patient. Morphological evaluation and transmission electron microscopy revealed complete globozoospermia with significant duplicate heads and tails. Analysis for DNA damage revealed fragmentation rates of approximately 80% in semen and 15–23% in swim-up fractions. PLCζ was not detected by immunofluorescence or Western blotting. Aneuploidy rates were within normal ranges. ICSI followed by oocyte activation with calcium ionophore resulted in high rates of fertilization, and an ongoing pregnancy was established after transfer of cryopreserved–thawed embryos.
Guatemalan Indians and the State, 1540–1988

* Preface *1. Introduction: ( Social Relations in Guatemala over Time and Space (Carol A. Smith) * Part 1: Historical Formation *2. Core and Periphery in Colonial Guatemala (Christopher H. Lutz and W. George Lovell) *3. Changes in the Nineteenth-Century Guatemalan State and Its Indian Policies (Ralph Lee Woodward, Jr.) *4. Origins of the National Question in Guatemala: A Hypothesis (Carol A. Smith) *5. State Power, Indigenous Communities, and Land in Nineteenth-Century Guatemala, 1820-1920 (David McCreery) *6. State and Community in Nineteenth-Century Guatemala: The Momostenango Case (Robert M. Carmack) * Part 2: Twentieth-Century Struggles *7. Ethnic Images and Strategies in 1944 (Richard N. Adams) *8. The Corporate Community, Campesino Organizations, and Agrarian Reform: 1950-1954 (Jim Handy) *9. Enduring Yet Ineffable Community in the Western Periphery of Guatemala (John M. Watanabe) *10. Class Position and Class Consciousness in an Indian Community: Totonicapan in the 1970s (Carol A. Smith) *11. Changing Indian Identity: Guatemala's Violent Transition to Modernity (Arturo Arias) *12. Conclusion: History and Revolution in Guatemala (Carol A. Smith) * Bibliography * Index
A New Genetic Disorder in Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation: ACAD9 Deficiency

The acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are a family of multimeric flavoenzymes that catalyze the α,β-dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA esters in fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid catabolism. Genetic defects have been identified in most of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases in humans. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 9 (ACAD9) is a recently identified acyl-CoA dehydrogenase that demonstrates maximum activity with unsaturated long-chain acyl-CoAs. We now report three cases of ACAD9 deficiency. Patient 1 was a 14-year-old, previously healthy boy who died of a Reye-like episode and cerebellar stroke triggered by a mild viral illness and ingestion of aspirin. Patient 2 was a 10-year-old girl who first presented at age 4 mo with recurrent episodes of acute liver dysfunction and hypoglycemia, with otherwise minor illnesses. Patient 3 was a 4.5-year-old girl who died of cardiomyopathy and whose sibling also died of cardiomyopathy at age 21 mo. Mild chronic neurologic dysfunction was reported in all three patients. Defects in ACAD9 mRNA were identified in the first two patients, and all patients manifested marked defects in ACAD9 protein. Despite a significant overlap of substrate specificity, it appears that ACAD9 and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase are unable to compensate for each other in patients with either deficiency. Studies of the tissue distribution and gene regulation of ACAD9 and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase identify the presence of two independently regulated functional pathways for long-chain fat metabolism, indicating that these two enzymes are likely to be involved in different physiological functions.
Simulation-gaming in the late 1980s : proceedings of the International Simulation and Gaming Association's 17th International Conference

(partial) Keynote Papers. Gaming context. Network gaming. Communicating about simulation design. 'Power' and 'realism' in simulation and gaming. Language and Communication. Language, computers and simulation. Advances in the development of hand-held, computerised, game-based training devices. Computer-assisted language acquisition. The educational potential of interactive literature. Simulation/drama in the teaching of Asian History at a Canadian university. Social Issues, Game Design and Research. Training in an ambiguous world. Simulation gaming and training for development work. Computerised simulation of ecological systems. Towards a theoretical framework of media simulation games. Some social-interactional aspects of a business game. The use of simulations for purposes of research. Management and Business. Intercultural simulation. The competent player. Desirable characteristics and attributes of a business simulation. The customer in focus. Communications role playing exercise for executives. Taxonomies and Methodologies. A user oriented taxonomy of games and simulations. Decision at the top. Threat and negotiation in gaming and simulation. An interactive solution to the assignment problem.
Solar-optical analyses of a mass-produced plastic circular Fresnel lens

Experiments were performed to gain information on the behavior of the 3M circular fresnel lens as a solar concentrator. A simulation was constructed to model that behavior. From consideration of the results of this work, it can be said that the lens is an inefficient concentrator with losses that begin at 20 and rise to about 80% as the focal distance decreases. However, the lens is capable and adequate for low concentration purposes with photovoltaic systems. The most attractive aspects of using this lens as a solar concentrator are its availability and its potential low cost.
Novel Polarization-Rotating Fiber Resonator For Rotation Sensing Applications

A novel fiber resonator architecture is presented, employing a 90 deg rotation of the polarization within the birefringent fiber ring. In principle, this concept provides a temperature-independent separation of the resonance dips corresponding to the two resonant polarization states in the ring. The technique thus avoids gross thermally driven errors encountered in the use of ordinary polarization-maintaining rings for resonator fiber-optic gyros. Data from an experimental polarization-rotating ring at 1.3 μm wavelength demonstrates greatly improved thermal stability in the presence of typical imperfections of a practical device.
A level set method for thin film epitaxial growth

Abstract We present a level set based numerical algorithm for simulating a model of epitaxial growth. The island dynamics model is a continuum model for the growth of thin films. In this paper, we emphasize the details of the numerical method used to simulate the island dynamics model.
New Perspectives on Rebound and Reentrainment Processes

Rebound and reentrainment processes are briefly reviewed. They are discussed in light of a new simulation of incomplete particle bounces. In the simulation, particle trajectories are followed after bouncing with insufficient energy to escape the surface adhesion well. A hypothesized process, rebound-reentrainment, is predicted to be important only for large particles (> 10 μm radius), or even larger sized particles if the coefficients of restitution are small compared to glass (i.e., << 0.95). The Reeks et al. (1988) theory does not appear well supported for small (micrometer size) particles.
Adaptive Processes of the Limulus Lateral Eye

Our ability to see spatiotemporal fluctuations in contrast over widespread levels of illumination is due to retinal gain controls that constantly modulate the properties of cellular and synaptic mechanisms in our eyes. At present two general forms of gain control have been described in the vertebrate retina, one of which adapts to mean luminance and the other to luminance variance (contrast). We sought to test for both processes of adaptation in an invertebrate retina by recording the spike trains of individual optic nerve cells in the horseshoe crab to white noise stimuli of different luminance and contrast. The stimuli were also input to conceptual models of the retina with linear-nonlinear elements in assorted configurations and to a cell-based computer model that accurately simulates the retinal response to underwater movies. We find that the crab eye shows both luminance and contrast adaptation. Only the former was reproduced by the cell-based model but the latter could be mimicked by linear-nonlinear cascade model, which suggests the two adaptive processes are related or a heretofore unknown mechanism underlies contrast adaptation. That such a simple eye can produce seemingly complex behaviors like luminance and contrast adaptation makes the finding of broad importance to vision research.
Application of phased array antenna for radar respiration measurement

This paper presents the design of phased array antenna for radar respiration measurement. Modified Fermi antenna is employed to construct the antenna array. To provide optimal feeding to the designed Fermi antenna array, a 4×4 Butler matrix using parallel strips is designed. Simulation results have verified the good performance of the proposed phased array. The proposed phased array system will be integrated with a Doppler radar radiotherapy system for improved real-time tumor tracking.
Decay of the linearized Boltzmann-Vlasov system

Abstract The motion of relativistic plasma including Boltzmann-type collisions is studied in the linearized situation. The Vlasov-Poisson system with a Boltzmann collision operator is linearized around a global Maxwellian with periodic boundary conditions in the space variable. Under appropriate assumptions on the scattering kernel, it is shown that any solution to this linearized equation decays exponentially in a global L 2-norm as t → ∞; that is, the Maxwellian is asymptotically stable in the linearized sense. For the full nonlinear problem with the same boundary conditions, it is also shown that the global Maxwellian is stable in L 1.
A modified fuzzy inference system for pattern classification

The use of fuzzy inferencing systems in pattern classifiers and expert systems is now more popular as the linguistic descriptions of inputs helps to deal with input uncertainty. A problem with these systems, however, is that outputs are monotonic and can only add to an output when extra information is acquired. This paper looks at a possible solution to the problem, which involves the inhibition of some rules' output by other rules making the classification of certain difficult patterns easier. This inhibition is achieved by redefining the consequent NOT function, such modification enables rules to describe holes in the data. Several methods of incorporation are proposed, followed by some areas of suggested usage.
New serine carboxypeptidase in mung bean seedling cotyledons

Summary Two serine carboxypeptidases (EC 3.4.16.5) were purified from mung bean seedling cotyledons. Sequences of tryptic peptides derived from the 42.5 kD enzyme corresponded to the derived amino acid sequence of a sequenced cDNA (GenBank U49382 and U49741). This enzyme exhibited the substrate specificity pattern previously published for mung bean carboxypeptidase I. In comparison, the sequence and substrate specificity data obtained for the 43 kD enzyme were similar but not identical. Both enzymes showed preference for peptide substrates with a large hydrophobic residue at the C-terminus. With regard to the penultimate residue of peptide substrates, the mung bean carboxypeptidase I preferred small aliphatic amino acid residues, while the 43 kD enzyme preferred large hydrophobic ones.
Temperature Affects Species Distribution in Symbiotic Populations of Vibrio spp.

ABSTRACT The genus Sepiola (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) contains 10 known species that occur in the Mediterranean Sea today. AllSepiola species have a light organ that contains at least one of two species of luminous bacteria, Vibrio fischeriand Vibrio logei. The two Vibrio species coexist in at least four Sepiola species (S. affinis, S. intermedia, S. ligulata, andS. robusta), and their concentrations in the light organ depend on changes in certain abiotic factors, including temperature. Strains of V. fischeri grew faster in vitro and inSepiola juveniles when they were incubated at 26°C. In contrast, strains of V. logei grew faster at 18°C in culture and in Sepiola juveniles. When aposymbioticS. affinis or S. ligulata juveniles were inoculated with one Vibrio species, all strains of V. fischeri and V. logei were capable of infecting both squid species at the optimum growth temperatures, regardless of the squid host from which the bacteria were initially isolated. However, when two different strains of V. fischeri and V. logei were placed in direct competition with each other at either 18 or 26°C, strains of V. fischeri were present in sepiolid light organs in greater concentrations at 26°C, whereas strains of V. logei were present in greater concentrations at 18°C. In addition to the competition experiments, the ratios of the two bacterial species in adult Sepiola specimens caught throughout the season at various depths differed, and these differences were correlated with the temperature in the surrounding environment. My findings contribute additional data concerning the ecological and environmental factors that affect host-symbiont recognition and may provide insight into the evolution of animal-bacterium specificity.
Body fat distribution in men and women of the Hispanic health and nutrition examination survey of the United States: associations with behavioural variables.

SummaryBody fat distribution is a biological risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are known genetic factors influencing body fat distribution, but variation in this characteristic is also attributable to human behavioural and socioeconomic variables such as social class. Bjorntorp has proposed that these associations may be due to a series of physiological responses to psychosocial stress, most prominently chronic stimulation of the adrenal-cortical system. This system is known to affect body fat distribution. Elsewhere we have shown that general socioeconomic status is related to body fat distribution in men and women of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) of the United States. In this paper we explore the relationship with those behavioural variables available from the HHANES which could hypothetically serve as indicators of psychosocial stress: smoking, drinking and depression. For both sexes in all Hispanic ethnic groups except Puerto Rican men, as socio...
Integrating data mining with SQL databases: OLE DB for data mining

The integration of data mining with traditional database systems is key to making it convenient, easy to deploy in real applications, and to growing its user base. We describe the new API for data mining proposed by Microsoft as extensions to the OLE DB standard. We illustrate the basic notions that motivated the API's design and describe the key components of an OLE DB for the data mining provider. We also include examples of the usage and treat the problems of data representation and integration with the SQL framework. We believe this new API will go a long way in enabling deployment of data mining in enterprise data warehouses. A reference implementation of a provider is available with the recent release of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 database system.
Biomaterials, Biomechanics, Tissue Healing, and Immediate-Function Dental Implants

Selected factors and opinions are reviewed specific to immediate function of dental implants in terms of biomaterial and biomechanical properties and how they might influence postsurgical tissue healing. Comparisons are made among plate, rod, and screw vs plateau, finn, and porous geometry endosteal dental-implant designs with and without alterations in device body-surface microchemistry and microtopography. Available information introduces more questions than answers, and recommendations are made for ongoing studies of bone responses specific to the implant fit and fill parameters focused on the kinetics of postsurgical osteotomy healing and applied loading. The clinical literature supports opportunities for immediate function; however, proposals about pathways for bone healing need further investigation. The current trends within the discipline of implant dentistry offer opportunities to reevaluate current vs previous immediate-function systems.
Relationship of microstructure and tensile properties for neutron-irradiated vanadium alloys

The microstructures in V-15Cr-5Ti, V-10Cr-5RTi, V-3Ti-1Si, V-15Ti-7.5Cr, and V-20Ti alloys were examined by transmission electron microscopy after neutron irradiation at 600{degree}C to 21--84 atom displacements per atom in the Materials Open Test Assembly of the Fast Flux Test Facility. The microstructures in these irradiated alloys were analyzed to determine the radiation-produced dislocation density, precipitate number density and size, and void number density and size. The results of these analyses were used to compute increases in yield stress and swelling of the irradiated alloys. The computed increase in yield stress was compared with the increase in yield stress determined from tensile tests on these irradiated alloys. This comparison made it possible to evaluate the influence of alloy composition on the evolution of radiation-damaged microstructures and the resulting tensile properties. 11 refs.
Towards a Quantitative Science of Sustainability

The report Toward a Science of Sustainability (Clark and Levin 2010) states that “Building a science of sustainability...requires a truly multi-disciplinary approach that integrates practical experience with knowledge and know-how drawn from across the natural and social sciences, medicine and engineering, and mathematics and computation.” This National Science Foundation (NSF) report was carried out with the full support of practically all Directorates at the Foundation, a fact that highlights the importance of the challenges and opportunities posed by sustainability science. This is a view that we wholeheartedly share. It is oftentimes too easy to talk about sustainability rhetorically, however. And that will never get us to where we need to be—where we can do something meaningful about it. Take global climate change, for example: despite the vast body of scientific knowledge on the subject, every step of progress has struggled. What chances would sustainability have, then, if those inspiring and aspiring words are not supported by concrete data and quantitative theories? Sustainability problems are no doubt complex;
Algorithm/Architecture Codesign of Low Power and High Performance Linear Algebra Compute Fabrics

We show the design of specialized compute fabrics that maintain the efficiency of full custom hardware while providing enough flexibility to execute a whole class of coarse-grain linear algebra operations. The broad vision of this project is to develop integrated and specialized hardware/software solutions that are co-optimized and co-designed across all layers ranging from the basic hardware foundations all the way to the application through standard linear algebra packages. We have designed a specialized linear algebra processor (LAP) that can perform level-3 BLAS and more complex LAPACK level operations like Cholesky, LU (with partial pivoting), and QR factorizations. We present a power performance model that compares state of the art CPUs and GPUs with our design. Our power model reveals sources of inefficiencies in CPUs and GPUs, and our LAP design demonstrates how to overcome them. When compared to other conventional architectures for linear algebra applications, LAP is over orders of magnitude more power efficient. Based on our estimations up to 55 and 25 GFLOPS/W single- and double-precision efficiencies are achievable on a single chip in standard 45nm technology.
Early findings from a disciplinary program to reduce problem drinking by college students

This article describes an intervention for college students cited for alcohol-related infractions of the student code of conduct. First-time offenders are required to attend a three-hour class that includes educational, attitudinal and skills-based activities. Students also complete self-report measures of quantity/frequency of consumption and are mailed personalized drinking feedback one week following the group session. A preliminary evaluation of the program is described and the intervention is discussed in relation to other programs available on campus.
Understanding Retinal Development Can Inform Future Regenerative Therapies

Complex morphogenic movements and pronounced changes in gene expression profiles of eye precursor cells result in the formation of the optic vesicles. Optic vesicles invaginate to form the two-layered optic cup from which the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina are patterned by a host of extrinsic factors secreted by neighboring cells. Dynamic alterations to the environment of retinal precursor cells direct them to finally form a stratified architecture with the six neuronal cell-types and Mueller glia. Photoreceptor precursors are directed into rod or cone fates depending on a complex interplay between a basic set of key genes. Lastly, during development of the retina, cell-fate must be reinforced during critical periods of development or transdifferentiation can occur. In this chapter I will outline the basic steps of retina development and discuss how a thorough understanding of development can inform the optimization of current regenerative strategies. I will also briefly describe how the retinal and choroidal vasculature is formed, and how Bruch’s membrane is generated. Both of these are key structures that are modulated during aging and disease, and changes to their make-up can profoundly influence how stem cell-derived tissues may integrate upon transplantation.
Risk rtPA: An iOS mobile application based on TURN for predicting 90-day outcome after IV thrombolysis

Abstract Objective We recently developed Thrombolysis risk Using mRS and NIHSS (TURN), a simple score using only prestroke mRS scores and admission NIHSS scores to predict 90-day outcome after IV thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients. Our purpose was to develop and test a mobile application for utilization of TURN at the bedside. Methods We developed Risk rtPA, an iOS mobile application based on TURN for prediction of 90-day excellent and severe outcome after IV thrombolysis. Excellent outcome was defined as 90-day mRS ≤ 1. Severe outcome was defined as 90-day mRS ≥ 5. Predictors for excellent and severe outcome were calculated using the inverse logit of −TURN and TURN respectively. We retrospectively validated our mobile application using data from 303 patients who received IV rt-PA during the NINDS rt-PA trial. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Prediction of excellent and severe outcome using Risk rtPA followed an S-shaped curve as expected. We confirmed this finding using data from the NINDS trial. Cutoffs selected after ROC analysis predicted severe outcome with sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 52.2%, and excellent outcome with specificity of 83.9% and sensitivity of 61.2%. Conclusion The Risk rtPA mobile application predicted 90-day excellent and severe outcome in most clinically relevant cases. This mobile application brings the TURN score to the bedside for prediction of 90-day outcome in ischemic stroke patients being evaluated for IV thrombolysis.
Two-Phase Critical Flow at Low Qualities Part I: Experimental

Steam-water, two-phase critical flows were obtained in long pipes (L/D > 40) for mass flow rates ranging from 512 to 6460 lbm/(sec ft2), exit pressures from 40 to 150 psia, and thermodynamic equili...
Phylogeography of Australian and New Zealand spray zone spiders (Anyphaenidae: Amaurobioides): Moa's Ark loses a few more passengers

Amaurobioides are restricted to the spray zone of southern continents, where they live in small, isolated populations and hunt from silk retreats built in rock crevices. A Star BEAST species tree based on ITS1 nuclear and ND1 mitochondrial genes did not support the hypothesis that this unusual niche linked the evolutionary history of these spiders to geological events reshaping Gondwana into present-day Australia and New Zealand. Instead, it showed that Amaurobioides reached Australia approximately 4.5 Mya and dispersed twice to New Zealand. Approximately 2.37 Mya, spiders from Tasmania colonized the Deep South of the South Island and, approximately 0.38 Mya, those from South Australia colonized more northern regions. Thus, the present study further limits the scope of the Moa's Ark hypothesis of vicariant New Zealand biogeography.
Practical, Catalytic Enantioselective Hydrogenation to Synthesize N-Unprotected β-Amino Esters

Practical and simple catalytic enantioselective hydrogenation reactions to synthesize N-unprotected β-amino esters have been developed: (1) asymmetric hydrogenation of N-unprotected β-enamine ester and (2) asymmetric direct reductive amination of β-keto esters using ammonium salts. A Ru–DM-SEGPHOS complex was used as the catalyst in both cases and gave high enantioselectivity, high reactivity, and wide substrate applicability. These protocols greatly reduced reaction time and waste compared to conventional synthetic routes. The direct reductive amination route was demonstrated on a >100 kg scale.
Study on growth and development of infants fed formula with DHA and AA

Objective To observe the growth and development of infants fed formula with DHA and AA and to seek more reasonable formula for formula-fed infants.Methods 30 newborn infants were fed formula containing DHA and AA. Other 30 newborn infants were breast-fed. Two groups′sex, gestational age, birth weight ,social culture and economy were similar. Physical and mental development of the two groups was observed.Results There was no difference of height, weight, head circumference between two groups at 28 days, 42 days, 2 and 4 months,P0.05. No difference could be found on mental development (MDI and PDI) between two groups at 4 months, P0.05.Conclusion The physical and mental development of infants fed formula with DHA and AA were the same as that of breast-fed infants in four months after birth.
Managing in the Regulatory Thicket: Regulation Legitimacy and Expertise

While the influence of government regulation on organizations is undeniable, empirical research in this field is scarce. This study investigates how the understanding of and attitudes towards government regulation among public, nonprofit, and for-profit managers affect organizational performance, using U.S. nursing homes as the empirical setting. Our findings suggest that managers’ perceptions of regulation legitimacy – views of regulation fairness, inspectors’ effectiveness, and internal utility of the mandates – positively affect service quality. Sub-group analysis suggests that the managers’ views of regulation matter in nonprofit and for-profit, but not public organizations. In nonprofit homes, performance declines when managers report higher regulatory expertise – better knowledge of the regulatory standards. In for-profit facilities, frequent communication with regulators lowers quality. These findings suggest that the regulated entities’ views of government regulation are central to their success, which necessitates improvements in the regulatory process.
Crucial conversations about weight management with healthcare providers: patients' perspectives and experiences.

To elicit patient experiences of weight management discussions with providers and provide recommendations for future weight-related discussions. 1000 patients who recently saw their provider for non-weight specific appointments were mailed measures of demographics, self-reported height and weight, activity level, adherence, perceptions of and recommendations for weight-related discussions, and internalized weight bias. This study was primarily descriptive and utilized a mixed method design including collection of quantitative and qualitative data. 242 patients responded (24 % response rate); 32.4 % overweight (N = 72), 41.9 % obese (N = 93). 47 % of overweight and 71 % of obese patients recalled that their provider discussed weight; 92 % were motivated to follow recommendations and 89 % felt confident doing so. Most patients (75 %) would like their provider to be “very direct/straightforward” when discussing weight, and 52 % would be “not at all offended” if they were diagnosed as “overweight/obese.” Most patients (63 %) reported being “extremely comfortable” discussing weight with providers. Patients with higher BMI had higher levels of internalized weight bias (p < .001) and wanted their provider to “discuss weight sensitively” (p < .05). This study suggests that patients have important preferences that providers should be mindful of when discussing weight. While these discussions can be challenging, most patients report that they would be comfortable having these conversations directly and most would have enhanced motivation and confidence following these conversations. Communicating about weight is needed and desired by patients; doing so sensitively with those at higher weight is essential.
A New Humanistic Model (Chapter 3)

This chapter presents a new humanistic synthesis of understanding human nature. Building on the emerging consilience of knowledge across the sciences and humanities, I propose an alternative model of human nature. This model is aimed to increase accuracy while maintaining parsimony to serve as a model for better management theorizing.
Distributed Optimal Flocking Design for Multi-agent Two-Player Zero-Sum Games with Unknown System Dynamics and Disturbance

In this paper, distributed flocking strategies have been exploited for multi-agent two-player zero-sum games. Two main challenges are addressed, i.e. (a) handling system uncertainties and disturbances, and (b) achieving optimality. Adopting the emerging Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) technology, a novel distributed adaptive flocking design is proposed to optimize the multi-agent two-player zero-sum games even when the system dynamics and disturbances are unknown. First, to evaluate the multi-agent flocking performance and effects from disturbances, a novel flocking cost function is developed. Next, an innovative type of online neural network (NN) based identifier is proposed to approximate the multi-agent zero-sum game system dynamics effectively. Subsequently, another novel neural network (NN) is proposed to approximate the optimal flocking cost function by using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) equation in a forward in time manner. Moreover, a novel additional term is designed and included into the NN update law to relax the stringent requirement of initial admissible control. Eventually, the distributed adaptive optimal flocking design is obtained by using the learnt Multi-agent zero-sum games system dynamics and approximated optimal flocking cost function. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed scheme.
Na+/H+ Exchanger 9 Regulates Iron Mobilization at the Blood Brain Barrier in Response to Iron Starvation

Iron is essential for brain function, with loss of iron homeostasis in the brain linked to neurological diseases ranging from rare syndromes to more common disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Iron entry into the brain is regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Molecular mechanisms regulating this transport are poorly understood. Using an in vitro model of the BBB, we identify NHE9, an endosomal cation/proton exchanger, as a novel regulator of this system. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVECs) that constitute the BBB receive brain iron status information via paracrine signals from ensheathing astrocytes. In hBMVECs, we show that NHE9 expression is up-regulated very early in a physiological response invoked by paracrine signals from iron-starved astrocytes. Ectopic expression of NHE9 in hBMVECs without external cues induced up-regulation of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and down-regulation of ferritin, leading to an increase in iron uptake. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NHE9 localizes to recycling endosomes in hBMVECs where it raises the endosomal pH. The ensuing alkalization of the endosomal lumen increased translocation of TfRs to the hBMVEC membrane. TfRs on the membrane were previously shown to facilitate both recycling-dependent and -independent iron uptake. We propose that NHE9 regulates TfR-dependent, recycling-independent iron uptake in hBMVECs by fine-tuning the endosomal pH in response to paracrine signals and is therefore an important regulator in iron mobilization pathway at the BBB.
Introduction: Pedagogy in Analytics and Data Science

Keeping with the “Exploring the Information Frontier” theme of the ICIS 2015 conference, the Pre-ICIS Business Analytics Congress workshop sought forward-thinking research in the areas of data science, business intelligence, analytics and decision support with a special focus on the state of business analytics from the perspectives of organizations, faculty, and students. The teaching track aimed to promote comprehensive research or research-in-progress in teaching and learning addressing topics including business analytics curriculum development, pedagogical innovation, organizational case studies, tutorial exercises, and the use of analytics software in the classroom. This work has been summarized in this chapter.