cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coagulation factor VII gene haplotypes, obesity-related traits, and cardiovascular risk in young women.

Summary. Background: Associations between common F7 haplotypes, plasma factor VII (FVII) levels, and cardiovascular risk have recently been reported in population studies involving predominantly European men. Methods: We assessed associations between F7 haplotypes and cardiovascular risk in two US population-based studies: a case–control study of these alleles related to a decreased risk of arterial thrombotic outcomes such as myocardial infarction (MI) in young-to-middle-aged women (n = 671), and a cohort study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in young women (n = 1040). Results: The high-expression F7 haplotype B (containing the promoter variant allele −402A) was associated with an increased FVII level among controls, but not with MI risk. Women carrying a≥1 copy of the low FVII expression level haplotype C (containing the −401T/−323del/−122C and Gln353 alleles) had decreased FVII levels and decreased risk of MI (odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.93) compared with women homozygous for the most common haplotype A. Haplotype C was also associated with a decreased body mass index (BMI) and an increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, but not with MI risk after adjustment for these metabolic risk factors. In a cohort study composed of young US women, individuals homozygous for haplotype C had a lower BMI and lower systolic blood pressure, but the association between the F7 haplotype and HDL cholesterol was not confirmed. Conclusion: Common FVII haplotypes may contribute to the risk of MI in women, but the mechanisms appear complex. The association between F7 haplotypes and MI susceptibility may be mediated in part through an influence on atherogenic risk factors such as BMI.
A Parallel Architecture for Digital Filtering Using Fermat Number Transforms

In this correspondence, a parallel architecture is developed to compute the linear convolution of two sequences of arbitrary lengths using the Fermat number transform (FNT). In particular, a pipeline structure is designed to compute a 128-point FNT. In this FNT, only additions and bit rotations are required.
Vibration-Absorber Effect under Seismic Excitation

Vibration absorbers are used in machine design to transfer fatigue-producing stresses from valuable equipment to relatively inexpensive replaceable devices. That is, the absorber becomes highly stressed over a certain frequency range while relieving the stress from the equipment. A similar phenomenon can occur in buildings to the detriment of the part of the building that behaves like an absorber. A seismic analysis of a building that exhibited this phenomenon is presented. A theoretical development for such behavior in this building is described.
Archaeology on the Great Plains

Archaeology on the Great Plains. W. Raymond Wood. ed. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998. 522 pp.
The challenge of obtaining therapeutic levels of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells in β‐thalassemia patients

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) function to provide the individual with a continuing supply of blood cells over many decades. To this end, HSCs have evolved unique mechanisms for self-preservation, including resistance to viral infection. Unfortunately, this characteristic may impede the ability to achieve high levels of gene transfer mediated by HIV-based lentiviral vectors. This is an important consideration for gene therapy efforts being undertaken for β-thalassemia. In particular, the study of β-thalassemia patients that underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation and developed stable, long-term mixed chimerism suggests that HSC gene transfer levels of greater than 25% will be needed for a robust therapeutic effect in such patients. Available pre-clinical and clinical trial lentiviral gene transfer studies suggest that improvements are needed to achieve this goal. Here, we review what level of gene transfer is needed in the context of varying degrees of β-globin deficiency, what level is currently achievable, and the areas of research which may be fruitful in improving the likelihood of success for patients with the severest forms of β-thalassemia.
Religion, Meaning in Life, and Change in Physical Functioning During Late Adulthood

This study has two primary goals. The first is to see whether select aspects of religion are associated with meaning in life. The second goal is to see whether change in meaning in life is associated with change in physical functioning. Data from a nationwide longitudinal survey of older people provide support for the following relationships: (1) older adults who attend church services more often tend to develop a closer relationship with God; (2) older people who have a closer relationship with God are more likely to provide emotional support to others; (3) elders who give emotional support to their social network members are more likely to have a stronger sense of meaning in life; and (4) older individuals who have a deeper sense of meaning in life are less likely to experience a decline in their physical functioning over time.
Rapid visualization of protein bands in preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gels

Abstract A rapid sensitive method has been developed for the detection of protein bands in sodiumdodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels that is suitable for the recovery of individual polypeptides on a preparative scale. The process is reversible and allows for the complete recovery of unmodified protein from preparative gels. The visualization is rapid, requiring between 30 and 40 min, and sensitive, detecting as little protein as 0.1 μ g/mm 3 . The procedure employs high concentrations of sodium acetate.
Wave propagation in a viscoelastic tube containing a viscous fluid

Small amplitude, axially symmetric waves in a thin-walled viscoelastic tube containing a viscous compressible fluid are considered. Previous authors have found two modes of propagation for such waves but have studied them only in the low frequency, long wavelength limit. We show that there are infinitely many modes and study them at all frequencies. The appropriate dispersion equation was derived previously (Rubinow & Keller 1971) and analysed for an inviscid fluid. Now it is analysed for a viscous fluid. Asymptotic formulae for the propagation constant k are obtained for both low and high frequencies and for various ranges of the parameters characterizing the tube and the fluid. Special attention is paid to the case of a rigid tube and to parameter values that characterize the flow of blood in mammalian arteries. In addition, numerical results are obtained which complement the asymptotic formulae. Graphs of the velocity c vs. the frequency ω are presented for various modes and for various ranges of the parameters. Transmission-line equations and formulae for the impedance and compliance of the fluid-tube system are obtained, together with asymptotic and numerical results.
Experiments on microhabitat preference of polecats

The microhabitat selection of two hand-reared polecats, Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758, was investigated in an experimental outdoor enclosure. The animals showed a finely-scaled preference for densley structured microhabitats even within a habitat offering cover (oak forest). Experimental modifications of the vegetation cover resulted in significant changes of microhabitat use.
High-temporal-resolution imaging and spectroscopy with Ranicon detectors

A data-collection system for use in astronomical observations with the resistive-anode detectors (Ranicons) described by Paresce et al. (1979 and 1988) is briefly characterized. Analog signals from the Ranicon pass through 12-bit A/D converters and (along with time information from a digital clock) into a 64-bit FIFO buffer, and the photon positions are calculated by a high-speed arithmetic-logic system capable of an event rate of 30 kHz (so that, by Poisson statistics, only about 21 percent of events will be missed). Results from successful timing tests of the system on the 2.2-m telescope at ESO are presented graphically.
Properties of Bromphenol Blue as an Electron Donor for Higher Plant NADH: Nitrate Reductase

Bromphenol blue, which was reduced with dithionite, was found to support nitrate reduction catalyzed by squash NADH:nitrate reductase at a rate about 5 times greater than NADH with freshly prepared enzyme and 10 times or more with enzyme having been frozen and thawed. Kinetic analysis of bromphenol blue as a substrate for squash nitrate reductase yielded apparent Km values of 60 micromolar for bromphenol blue at 10 millimolar nitrate and 500 micromolar for nitrate at 0.2 millimolar bromphenol blue. With the same preparation of enzyme the apparent Km values were 9 micromolar for NADH at 10 millimolar nitrate and 50 micromolar nitrate at 0.1 millimolar NADH. Bromphenol blue was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor versus NADH with a Ki of 0.3 millimolar. When squash NADH:nitrate reductase activity was inactivated with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or denatured by heating at 40°C, the bromphenol blue nitrate reductase activity was not lost. These results were taken to indicate that bromphenol blue and NADH donated electrons to nitrate reductase at different sites. When monoclonal antibodies prepared against corn and squash nitrate reductases were used to inhibit the nitrate reductase activities supported by NADH, bromphenol blue, and methyl viologen, differential inhibition was found which tended to indicate that the three electron donors were interacting with the enzyme at different sites. One monoclonal antibody prepared against squash nitrate reductase inhibited all three activities of both corn and squash nitrate reductase. It appears this antibody may bind to a highly conserved antigenic site in the nitrate binding region of the enzyme.
Issues in performance certification for high-level automotive control software

High-level supervisory control software for automotive applications (e.g., drive-by-wire) presents many challenges to making performance guarantees, which are a necessary part of the software's certification for deployment. The features of such systems demand that a compositional, or modular, approach to reasoning about performance be devised and applied. We discuss one such analytical approach as an alternative to simulation and testing.
Combining multiple sources for short query translation in Chinese-English cross-language information retrieval

In this paper, we examine various factors that affect the retrieval performance of Chinese-English cross-language retrieval. The factors include segmentation dictionary coverage, segmentation algorithm, transfer dictionary coverage, transfer dictionary quality, and translation disambiguation. The paper introduces an idea of recovering the original English names for the transliterated Chinese words, mainly the proper name, using search engine. We used two transfer dictionaries and a Chinese search engine to transfer short Chinese queries into English. The majority of the Chinese words were translated into English, but the overall precision of the Chinese to English cross-language retrieval is only about 56% of the overall precision for the monolingual retrieval.1
A dynamic model of a vapor compression cycle with shut-down and start-up operations

Abstract This paper presents an advanced switched modeling approach for vapor compression cycle (VCC) systems used in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration. Building upon recent work ( McKinley and Alleyne, 2008 ), a complete dynamic VCC model is presented that is able to describe the severe transient behaviors in heat exchangers (condenser/evaporator), while maintaining the moving-boundary framework, under compressor shut-down and start-up operations. The heat exchanger models retain a constant structure, but accommodate different model representations. Novel switching schemes between different representations and pseudo-state variables are introduced to accommodate the transitions of dynamic states in heat exchangers while keeping track of the vapor and liquid refrigerant zones during the stop–start transients. Two model validation studies on an experimental system show that the complete dynamic model developed in Matlab/Simulink can well predict the system dynamics in shut-down and start-up transients.
Mental and physical health symptoms of family court intimate partner violence petitioners

This paper explores the impact of intimate partner violence on victim health and proposes interdisciplinary coordination between legal and mental health services as a means to assist victims. Data was collected from 95 female petitioners at an upstate New York Domestic Violence Intensive Intervention Court (DVIIC). Study participants completed surveys on physical health, mental health, and social functioning. Survey results demonstrated decreased mental health and social functioning as well as a strong willingness to utilize court-based mental health services if offered. Findings from this study support court-based settings as appropriate sites for addressing mental health needs through collaborative efforts between legal and mental health professionals.
Women in computing: historical roles, the perpetual glass ceiling, and current opportunities

Over the course of history, women have slowly begun to hold influential roles in the computing industry. Although progress has been made, the precipitous journey is not yet complete. The paper presents a historical analysis of the entrance and role of women in the computing industry, a discussion on the existence and impact of the glass ceiling, and a detailed and informative collection of programs and opportunities established to abet women in succeeding in the industry. The information compiled in this work will prove useful not only to the women already employed in the industry but also to women contemplating entrance.
Impact of altering DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa on the base rates of eating disorder diagnoses

The diagnostic criteria used to define eating disorders have been the focus of debate for many years. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of altering DSM-IV diagnostic criteria upon the base rates of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Five controversial criteria were systematically modified and the impact of these changes on base rates of full-syndrome and partial-syndrome eating disorders was assessed in 193 patients referred to two specialty eating disorder clinics. Modification of a single criterion resulted in relatively small changes in base rates of AN and BN, whereas modification of the two severity criteria led to more substantial changes. These findings have significant implications for future modifications of the DSM classification.
Types of electronic commerce adoption in banks: an exploratory study

The purpose of this research is to study the types of e-commerce adoption and the factors that influence such adoption. A semi-structured questionnaire is utilised to guide the collection of case data from five banks. Five types of e-commerce adoption are developed from the current study: passive, communication, intra-business, transaction and integration adopters. Technological innovation adoption theory is used to study three factors that may affect the adoption types: organisational, technological and environmental. The results show that the extent to the three factors are present determines the type of adoption in the sample. This study enriches the technological innovation theory.
Synthesis of the mixed acetal segment of S-glyceroplasmalopsychosine

In this report the concept of converting carbohydrate to non-carbohydrate asymmetric molecules has been successfully exploited. The mixed acetal segment of glyceroplasmalopsychosine, a novel glycolipid has been synthesized in a stereo-specific manner using two simple sugar units. The glycosidation reaction between these two monosaccharides ensured the correct acetal stereocenter of the target molecule. Either olefin metathesis or heterogeneous Wittig reactions were used for constructing the long aliphatic chain of glyceroplasmalopsychosine.
Interaction of rhizobacteria with leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) callus tissue cells

The interaction of two rhizobacterial isolates,Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate LS 102 andFlavobacterium balustinum isolate LS 105, with leafy spurge cells at the cellular level was studied using scanning and electron microscopy. Leafy spurge callus tissue inoculated with either isolate showed considerable changes compared to non-inoculated tissue. The attachment of rhizobacteria to cell surfaces was associated with the elaboration of fibrillar material which may anchor bacteria to surfaces and contribute to mediation of the phytotoxic effect caused by rhizobacteria. At the ultracellular level, inoculated callus tissue showed numerous cell alterations including esiculation and convolution of the plasmalemma, cell wall degradation and disorganization of the cytoplasm, similar to those detected in the whole plant. It is concluded that callus tissue may provide an excellent working model to investigate the mode and/or mechanism of action of potential biocontrol agents on their host plants.
Current density in a quantum Hall bar.

When current is forced through a quantum Hall bar it is understood that it flows primarily through edge states. These represent extra charges that in turn produce a more widely distributed current density that falls off rather slowly with distance and then drops rapidly as a result of screening by particles beyond the depletion region. We have solved numerically the self consistent Schro\ifmmode\ddot\else\textasciidieresis\fi{}dinger equation in the Hartree approximation for ideal samples with small widths and sharp boundaries, and combined these results with the Wiener-Hopf technique to obtain an accurate picture of the situation for macroscopically wide samples. Our results indicate that the redistribution of states in the bulk of a quantum Hall bar is a very important effect and that the bulk states contribute to a significant fraction of the total current.
Concise, intelligible, and approximate profiling of multiple classes

Abstract When a dataset involves multiple classes, there is often a need to express the key contrasting features among these classes in humanly understandable terms, that is, to profile the classes. Commonly, one class is contrasted from the rest by aggregating the latter into a pseudo-class; alternatively, classes are treated separately without coordinating their profiles with those of the other classes. We introduce the concise all pairs profiling (CAPP) method for concise, intelligible, and approximate profiling of large classifications. The method compares all classes pairwise and then minimizes the overall number of features needed to guarantee that each pair of classes is contrasted by at least one feature. Then each class profile gets its own minimized list of features, annotated with how these features contrast the class from the others. Significant applications to social and natural science are demonstrated.
Deep sequencing of HetR-bound DNA reveals novel HetR targets in Anabaena sp. strain PCC7120.

Background: Anabaena (also Nostoc) sp. strain PCC7120, hereafter Anabaena, is a cyanobacterium that fixes atmospheric N2 in specialized cells called heterocysts. Heterocyst differentiation is regulated by a homodimeric transcription factor, HetR. HetR is expressed at a basal level in all cells but its expression increases in differentiating cells early after nitrogen deprivation. HetR is required for heterocyst development, and therefore nitrogen fixation and diazotrophic growth. Overexpression of HetR leads to multiple contiguous heterocysts (Mch phenotype). HetR binds in vitro to DNA fragments upstream of several genes upregulated in heterocysts, including hetZ, hetP, hepA, patS, pknE, and hetR itself. HetR binds an inverted repeat sequence upstream of a few of these genes; however, HetR binds to promoters that do not contain this sequence, such as the promoter regions for patS and pknE. Results: We employed chromatin pull-down and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) to globally identify HetR DNA targets in vivo at six hours after fixed-nitrogen deprivation. We identified novel DNA binding targets of tagged HetR-6xHis and defined a consensus HetR binding site from these HetR target sequences. Promoter-gfp reporter fusions were used to determine the spatiotemporal expression of four potential HetR-target genes. The promoter region for asr1469 was expressed transiently in differentiating heterocysts, alr3758 was upregulated in heterocysts, asl2028 was expressed in vegetative cells, and alr2242 was derepressed in vegetative cells of a hetR mutant strain. Conclusions: In addition to identifying known HetR target genes hetR and hetP, the ChIP-seq data were used to identify new potential HetR targets and to define a consensus HetR-binding site. The in vivo ChIP-seq analysis of HetR’s regulon suggests a possible role for HetR in vegetative cells in addition to its role in heterocyst development. The potential HetR target genes identified in this study provide new subjects for future work on the role of HetR in gene regulation.
On U-statistics with random kernels

Abstract This paper provides conditions under which a U-statistic with a random kernel can be approximated by a U-statistic with a nonstochastic kernel and demonstrates their applicability by means of an example.
The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of acridine and some of its derivatives

Abstract The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of acridine and five of its derivatives have been obtained in d6-dimethyl sulfoxide solution and the spectra analyzed. When allowance is made for estimated diamagnetic anisotropy effects the chemical shifts generally follow expectations based on chemical and valence theoretical considerations. Small but unmistakable long-range couplings from H9 to H1 and H4 can be interpreted in terms of inter-ring delocalization effects. Concentration effects on the chemical shifts of acridine in d-chloroform have also been observed and considered from the standpoint of molecular interactions.
Multiple coulomb polarization potential for heavy ion scattering

Abstract The component in the heavy ion optical potential due to the Coulomb coupling to inelastic channels has been calculated using the on-energy-shell approximation for the intermediate channel Green's functions. Closed form expressions including reorientation in the 2 + state and coupling to the 4 + state to all orders are included in the elastic scattering calculations as a test of this general approach for coupling to higher states. Comparison with coupled channels calculations indicate the increasing importance of off-shell effects with increasing coupling strength. An analytical estimate of off-shell effects is presented.
Distribution ofJuncus roemerianus in North Carolina tidal marshes: The importance of physical and biotic variables

The physical habitat ofJuncus roemerianus was examined at nine sites along a salinity gradient in the Cape Fear River Estuary, North Carolina. Soil salinity, drainage, redox potential, pH, elevation, percent sand, percent organic matter, and above-ground plant biomass and height were measured at each site, and from these data, the habitat ofJuncus roemerianus was determined. All parameters varied over the salinity gradient, with soils at upriver sites having, a high sand fraction, low organic fraction, and highest redox potentials. Downriver, well-established marshes had low sand fractions, high organic fractions, and lowest redox potentials. Canonical Discriminant Analysis indicated that each site was statistically different from other sites due to salinity, elevation, and percent organic matter.
Optimization and Implementation of the Surface Rendering Algorithm

Three-dimensional visualization of medical imaging technology uses two-dimensional medical image sequences to reconstruct three-dimensional model, providing the physician with intuitive, comprehensive, accurate information about the focus and normal tissues, is currently a hot research field of medicine. This essay makes a comparison between the two currently popular algorithms – surface rendering algorithm and volume rendering algorithm, with its focus on the introduction of MC algorithm, meanwhile achieves the integration of three types of improved MC algorithm, completes a high-precision, high-efficiency surface rendering process based on .MFC and OpenGL technologies.
Direct Synthesis of Narrowly Dispersed Silver Nanoparticles Using a Single-Source Precursor

We describe a direct synthetic method for preparing narrowly dispersed silver nanoparticles without using size-selection processes by thermal reduction of silver trifluoroacetate in isoamyl ether i...
Discussion of "Stress Diffusion Experiment in Sand" by John H. Schmertmann

The discussers argue that certain explanations were lacking in the research results of the author's surface plate loading tests used to investigate the effect that horizontal stress and coefficient of lateral earth pressure, K, have on stress distribution and settlement. They cite the work of Jardine et al. (1999) and Kuwano and Jardine (2002) on the concept of discrete stiff chains of particles carrying most of the load applied to the soil in explaining the author's finding that the ratio of the increase in vertical stress to the stress applied the plate along the vertical axis under the center of the plate decreases as K increases. They also take issue with the author's findings that for a given applied load there is a decreasing amount of settlement with an increasing value for K. As they note that no details were given about the author's model used in PLAXIS, the discussers surmise that the model in the study employed a stiffness that is dependent on the mean effective stress. Based on this supposition, the discussers note that the finite-element results should show the same trend in settlements as seen in the experiments.
Risk of hypothyroidism in patients with cancer treated with sunitinib: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AbstractBackground. The multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is used in various cancers. Clinical studies have reported a substantial variation in the incidence of hypothyroidism associated with sunitinib, without a systemic attempt to synthesize these data. Methods. We searched Medline databases for relevant clinical trials published up to May 2012. Phase II and III trials and expanded access programs of sunitinib in patients with any type of cancer that reported occurrence of hypothyroidism were eligible. The summary incidence, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of included studies. Results. Incidence analysis was performed using 6678 sunitinib-treated patients from all 24 eligible trials. The incidence of all- and high-grade hypothyroidism was 9.8% (95% CI 7.3–12.4%) and 0.4% (95% CI 0.3–0.5%), respectively. A meta-analysis of seven randomized trials with 2787 subjects revealed a RR of all- ...
Multi-axis treatment of typical light-frame wood roof-to-wall metal connectors in design

Abstract Proper selection of metal roof-to-wall connectors is needed to provide a cost-effective load path to transfer uplift loads on a roof system down to the supporting walls and transfer lateral loads into and out of the roof diaphragm of light frame wood structures. Structural engineers, architects and builders rely upon published design values in catalogs, software, and websites provided by individual manufacturers to aid in the appropriate selection of connectors once the determination has been made for the required capacities of the connector. To date, the state-of-the-practice for dealing with multi-axis loads in these connectors is to use a linear unity equation based on uni-axis design values. However, no significant validation of this practice is to be found in the literature. This study experimentally examines three very common connector types under both bi-axis and tri-axis loads and helps to understand the behavior of such connectors under multi-axis loads. After testing over 350 connections and performing detailed analyses, the currently used design equation is found to be inefficient (has the least usable design space compared to other considered design equations) and overly conservative. Based on the criteria of efficiency, performance and safety, a design space using either the linear unity equation or by simply taking a 25% reduction on all allowable loads is proposed. The proposed design space for the three types of connectors is shown to have a high level of safety and adequate performance while providing up to 2.5 times the usable design space as compared with the current practice.
Internal friction study on structural relaxation of a glassy metal Fe32Ni36Cr14P12B6

Abstract The internal friction of Metglas® 2826A (Fe32Ni36Cr14P12B6) glassy metal was investigated using a torsion pendulum type of apparatus. The magnitude of the internal friction is reduced by structural relaxation during annealing. It was found that the internal friction reaches, after prolonged annealing, an equilibrium value which depends on temperature. The decay kinetics can be expressed by first-order kinetics with a long-normal distribution of time constants. The activation energy spectrum of the change in the internal friction associated with the structural relaxation of Metglas 2826 A alloy was obtained by subtracting the internal friction curve for the fully relaxed material from that for the as-received material. The resulting spectrum has a wide distribution of activation energies from 1.1 to 2.2 eV, with a maximum at about 2.0 eV or higher.
Distortionless propagation of optical pulses in a resonant medium

Abstract Amplitude and phase modulated solutions of the equations describing the distortionless propagation of optical pulses and pulse trains in a two-level medium are discussed for a homogeneous transition in the presence of transverse damping.
The Impact of Federal Public Policy on Curriculum and Instruction for Students With Disabilities in the General Classroom

The promise that all children will achieve higher levels of academic performance is the foundation of the current educational reform movement. Standards-based reform began with financial assistance to the states for the development of content and performance standards, improved teacher quality, and increased school accountability. The reform movement has evolved to federal corrective action under the No Child Left Behind Act (2001) and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004 for schools and states that fail to make adequate yearly progress. In this article, the authors briefly examine (a) the history of the federal role in standards-based reform over the past two decades, (b) the role of federal policy in ensuring access to the general curriculum and research-based instruction for students with disabilities, and (c) future policy issues pertaining to achieving higher levels of academic performance for all students.
Generalized block-tridiagonal matrix orderings for parallel computation in process flowsheeting

Abstract A new graph partitioning algorithm for use on structurally unsymmetric systems is presented. Unlike other partitioning algorithms that have been used to provide reorderings for structurally symmetric matrices, this algorithm employs a bipartite graph model, and hence, can be used to consider unsymmetric permutations of structurally unsymmetric matrices. It is shown that the algorithm can be used in identifying coarse-granular, balanced tasks in the direct solution of flowsheeting matrices by parallel techniques based on generalized block-tridiagonal and nested-block-tridiagonal matrix structures. It is also shown that such reorderings can be obtained inexpensively, in worst-case running times that increase linearly with the order of the matrix.
Uncertain Enthusiasm: The American Cancer Society, Public Education, and the Problems of the Movie, 1921-1960

Historians have highlighted a growing medical enthusiasm for public health education movies in the early twentieth century. This essay suggests that there is another historiographic tale to tell, of concerns that films might undermine the public health messages they were designed to promote--concerns that threatened continued interest in movies during the Depression of the 1930s. First, focusing on cancer-education movies aimed at the general public released by the American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC, founded 1913), the paper argues that the organization's initial enthusiasm for movies was tempered from the late 1920s by a combination of high production costs, uncertainty as to the effectiveness of movies as public-education tools, and the hard economic situation. It was only after 1944 that motion pictures became a stable part of the propaganda efforts of the renamed American Cancer Society. This transformation followed the takeover of the Society by advertisers and businesspeople, led by Mary Lasker, who introduced business models of fund-raising and education, and made expensive communication technologies, such as movies, central to cancer control. Second, the article also traces the persistence of anxieties that movies might undermine cancer control by encouraging emotional responses that led audiences to ignore the lessons the movies were intended to encourage. But whereas such anxieties dampened ASCC enthusiasm for cancer-education movies during the hard economic times of the 1930s, they had no such effect after 1944, and attention shifted to developing techniques of controlling unwanted audience responses.
Gas Turbine Engine Durability Impacts of High Fuel-Air Ratio Combustors—Part II: Near-Wall Reaction Effects on Film-Cooled Heat Transfer

As commercial and military aircraft engines approach higher total temperatures and increasing overall fuel-to-air ratios, the potential for significant chemical reactions on a film-cooled surface is enhanced. Currently, there is little basis for understanding the effects on aero-performance and durability due to such secondary reactions. A shock tube experiment was employed to generate short duration, high temperature (1000-2800 K) and pressure (6 atm) flows over a film-cooled flat plate. The test plate contained two sets of 35 deg film cooling holes that could be supplied with different gases, one side using air and the other nitrogen. A mixture of ethylene and argon provided a fuel rich freestream that reacted with the air film resulting in near wall reactions. The relative increase in surface heat flux due to near wall reactions was investigated over a range of fuel levels, momentum blowing ratios (0.5-2.0), and Damkohler numbers (ratio of flow to chemical time scales) from near zero to 30. For high Damkohler numbers, reactions had sufficient time to occur and increased the surface heat flux by 30 percent over the inert cooling side. When these results are appropriately scaled, it is shown that in some situations of interest for gas turbine engine environments significant increases in surface heat flux can be produced due to chemical reactions in the film-cooling layer. It is also shown that the non-dimensional parameters Damkohler number (Da), blowing ratio (B), heat release potential (H*), and scaled heat flux (Q s ) are the appropriate quantities to predict the augmentation in surface heat flux that arises due to secondary reactions.
Critical behavior of the spontaneous magnetization of an isotropic ferromagnet

Abstract A new prescription for determining the critical index β for an isotropic ferromagnet is presented. Either calorimetric or magnetic data can be used.
Sleep as a Mediator in the Pathway From Violence-Induced Traumatic Stress to Poorer Health and Functioning: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Conceptual Model

Millions of children are exposed to various forms of violence every year, resulting—for many of them—in psychological problems, decreased social functioning, and poorer overall quality of their relationships and lives. This article reviews the scientific literature investigating the role of sleep as a key mediator in the pathway between violence-induced traumatic stress and resulting negative health and behavioral outcomes. Based on evidence revealed by this review and general research on how exposure to violence influences child health and development, a conceptual model is proposed that posits sleep's role as an important mediator of health effects and that incorporates other factors believed to shape linkages between exposure to violence and health and behavioral outcomes in children. Recommendations are given for future research to test the proposed model.
The effects of empathetic virtual characters on presence in narrative-centered learning environments

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the role that narrative can play in learning. With the emergence of narrative-centered learning environments that engage students by drawing them into rich interactions with compelling characters, we have begun to see the significant potential offered by immersive story-based learning experiences. In this paper we describe two studies that investigate the impact of empathetic characters on student perceptions of presence. A study was initially conducted with middle school students, and was then replicated with high school students. The results indicate that, for both populations, employing empathetic characters in narrative-centered learning environments significantly increases student perceptions of presence. The studies also reveal that empathetic characters contribute to a heightened sense of student involvement and control in learning situations.
College libraries and the teaching/learning process: A 25-year reflection

Le role educationnel des bibliotheques de l'enseignement superieur n'a cesse de s'accroitre depuis les annees 1975 avec notamment la formation des utilisateurs aux nouvelles technologies de l'information
Systematic review of definitions for drowning incidents.

Abstract Objectives: In preparation for the World Congress on Drowning uniform reporting consensus document of drowning incidents we reviewed systematically the medical literature for the terms and definitions used to describe drowning incidents to assess the uniformity of these terms in the medical literature. Methods: The search strategy included a literature search of PubMed ® , MEDLINE ® and the Cochrane Database from 1966 to April 2002, as well as a review of reference lists of identified studies and a hand search of relevant textbooks and reference works. Search terms used included drowning, near-drowning, submersion, immersion, suffocation, asphyxiation, water injuries, and aspiration. Any article with drowning as a primary focus and containing a definition of drowning was included. Study designs included experimental studies, observational studies, case control studies, reviews, letters, and editorials. Results: The search identified approximately 6000 articles. Of these 650 were reviewed and 43 articles addressing the definition of drowning were identified. We found a total of 33 different definitions to describe drowning incidents, 20 for drowning and 13 for near-drowning; along with another 13 related terms. There were at least 20 different outcome measures for drowning incidents reported. Conclusions: A review of existing drowning literature demonstrates a lack of a standard definition of drowning and a lack of agreement on measures of outcome. This variability in definitions and outcomes makes it very difficult to assess and analyze studies both individually and as a whole and draw conclusions that will influence practice. These objective findings support the need for the drowning Utstein focus on one definition of drowning and validated measures of functional and neurological outcome.
INCREASING INCIDENCE OF HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) IN MOTHERS OF INFANTS WITH AIDS OR ARC

INCREASING INCIDENCE OF HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) IN MOTHERS OF INFANTS WITH AIDS OR ARC
Stabilization of Charge Ordering in La 1 / 3 Sr 2 / 3 FeO 3 − δ by Magnetic Exchange

The magnetic exchange energies in charge ordered ${\mathrm{La}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{FeO}}_{3\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (LSFO) and its parent compound ${\mathrm{LaFeO}}_{3}$ (LFO) have been determined by inelastic neutron scattering. In LSFO, the measured ratio of ferromagnetic exchange between ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{\mathrm{Fe}}^{5+}$ pairs (${J}_{F}$) and antiferromagnetic exchange between ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}{\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ pairs (${J}_{\mathrm{AF}}$) fulfills the criterion for charge ordering driven by magnetic interactions ($|{J}_{F}/{J}_{\mathrm{AF}}|g1$). The 30% reduction of ${J}_{\mathrm{AF}}$ as compared to LFO indicates that doped holes are delocalized, and charge ordering occurs without a dominant influence from Coulomb interactions.
On-Wafer Calibration Technique for High Frequency Measurement with Simultaneous Voltage and Current Tuning

This paper presents a novel on wafer calibration method for the measurement of radio RF passive components with R&S vector network analyzer (VNA) at RF and mm-wave frequency. This method has employed the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) results along with multi-level optimizations to get the nominal values used for on wafer calibration. Multiline (Thru-reflect-line) TRL calibration standards fabricated on the same substrate are used with better accuracy. Measured results show that a thru line provides less than 0.015 dB insertion loss throughout the frequency range of 1GHz-67GHz. This result is much better compared to the results achieved by conventional Short-open-load-thru (SOLT) calibration and (Thru-reflect-line) TRL calibration using the available calibration substrates. Using this calibration technique, the phase variation of the thru line shows less than 3° at 67GHz which is much lower than 15° achieved by the conventional calibration methods. The measurement of the multi band characteristics of the RF passive components by simultaneous current and voltage application has also been demonstrated successfully.
Construcción de una fístula arteriovenosa femoral y braquial con vena femoral superficial: experiencia de un centro

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el resultado del abordaje para hemodialisis usando un segmento de vena femoral (VF) como transposicion de VF en muslo o translocacion de VF a extremidad superior. Esta investigacion se basa en la revision retrospectiva de todos los pacientes con insuficiencia renal terminal (IRT) en los que se creo un acceso vascular con VF en el University of Colorado Health Sciences Center desde diciembre de 2004 a mayo de 2007. Se registraron la demografia, numero de procedimientos previos, tecnica de creacion de abordaje para dialisis usando VF, complicaciones perioperatorias, seguimiento medio, procedimientos secundarios relacionados con el abordaje y funcion del mismo. Las complicaciones se subdividieron en las del lugar de obtencion de VF y las relacionadas con isquemia. Durante el periodo del estudio se creo un abordaje con VF en 19 pacientes: 10 se sometieron a transposiciones de VF en muslo y nueve se sometieron a translocaciones de VF a extremidad superior. El promedio de abordajes previos fue de dos. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 3 dias y no se produjeron muertes perioperatorias. En ocho pacientes se produjeron complicaciones del lugar de obtencion de VF: seis linfoceles, una infeccion de la FAV que requirio ligadura y un sindrome compartimental que requirio fasciotomia. En tres pacientes (16%) se produjeron complicaciones isquemicas: una requirio la ligadura de la FAV y dos requirieron ligadura intercalada con revascularizacion distal. Con un seguimiento medio de 6 meses (limites 23 dias a 3 anos), el 79% de los pacientes presentaba un acceso vascular funcionante. Cuatro abordajes con VF requirieron uno o mas procedimientos endovasculares para mantener la funcion a los 12 meses. El acceso vascular con un segmento de VF presenta buenas tasas de permeable en el seguimiento intermedio pero se asocia a una morbilidad significativa. Este tipo de abordaje debe reservarse para pacientes en bajo riesgo en los que se han agotado otras opciones de injerto autologo.
Identifying and Coping with Fiscal Emergencies in Ohio Local Governments

Abstract This study examines the reasons fiscal emergencies occur in Ohio local governments and the strategies that local governments use to recover. In Ohio, fiscal emergencies have regularly occurred predominantly at the local level. This study aims to reveal the internal process that both bring on and ameliorates fiscal emergencies. Previous studies failed to differentiate between fiscal stress and fiscal emergencies and did not include the role of the Ohio Fiscal Emergency Law in assisting local governments in restoring long term fiscal health. This study finds fiscal emergencies in Ohio were caused by: (1) the increased costs associated with unfunded state-mandated programs and, (2) major economical downturns brought on by local plant closings. Local governments were found to have responded in the short run by strategies such as targeted expenditure cuts and in the long run by increased the use of economic development.
Antibiotic Resistance: A Primer and Call to Action

During the past century, discoveries of microorganisms as causes of infections and antibiotics as effective therapeutic agents have contributed to significant gains in public health in many parts of the world. Health agencies worldwide are galvanizing attention toward antibiotic resistance, which is a major threat to public health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013; World Health Organization, 2014). Some life scientists believe that we are approaching the post-antibiotic age (Davies & Davies, 2010). The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance is fueled by complex factors with biological, behavioral, and societal aspects. This primer provides an overview of antibiotic resistance and its growing burden on public health, the biological and behavioral mechanisms that increase antibiotic resistance, and examples of where health communication scholars can contribute to efforts to make our current antibiotic drugs last as long as possible. In addition, we identify compelling challenges for current communication theories and practices.
The Ring of Equivariant Vector Bundles on Finite Sets

Abstract For a finite group, we define a ring of equivariant vector bundles on finite sets which is an expanded version of the Green ring of representations of the group. We give a new proof of a decomposition of this ring into a direct sum of ideals. We use this decomposition to present Boltje′s derivation of an explicit formula for Conlon induction. We show that some properties of characters of the Green ring have analogs for this ring of vector bundles.
Consumer attitudes toward trade liberalization

This paper fills an existing gap in the international trade literature by empirically modelling consumer attitudes regarding trade liberalization efforts. Data are taken from the policy response section of a monthly consumer confidence survey, with estimation accomplished using a trinomial logit methodology. Results indicate that uncertainty, import competition risk, cyclical, educational, and demographic factors play significant roles in determining consumer beliefs with respect to trade policy.
The distribution of benefits from improvements in urban air quality

This paper analyzes the distribution of benefits from an air pollution control strategy for the Boston metropolitan area. Average benefits to seven income groups are measured by physical improvements in air quality and by dollar values, using housing value and health damage approaches to estimate willingness to pay. Benefits include those in the work environment as well as at home. Physical benefits at home are found to be greater for the poor rather than for the rich; when measured in monetary terms with workplace benefits included, however, the distribution is much less pro-poor.