cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal multispectral and 3D analysis of Cerro de Pasco, Peru.

Abstract Mining operations across the world often lead to contamination of land, water resources, ecosystems and in some cases, entire communities.Results of recent health and ground sampling studies revealed extensive lead contamination within the populace and around the City of Cerro de Pasco, Peru. Tailings excavated from a large open pit zinc mine in the center of the city have been aggregated in four large stockpiles within close proximity to neighborhoods, schools, and hospitals. Visual comparison of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) imagery from 2001 and Sentinel-2 imagery from 2018 suggests a size increase in one tailing stockpile in particular near the neighborhood of Paragsha. Due to ongoing mining efforts, the hypothesis motivating the work presented here is that Pb-bearing minerals would be detectable through multispectral analysis, an increase in Pb mineral percent abundance would be observed and tailing stockpile volume would be detectable between 2001 and 2016. This hypothesis is tested using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Adaptive Coherence Estimator (ACE), and Jeffries-Matusita distance calculation on ASTER (2001) and Sentinel-2 (2018) VNIR and SWIR bands. Volume and area estimate of tailing stockpiles were calculated using a photogrammetrically derived point cloud. SAM detected the presence of five Pb-bearing minerals around Cerro de Pasco and Paragsha. The results of the temporal SAM analysis displayed an increase of approximately 17% of Pb-bearing minerals around the greater Cerro de Pasco city area and approximately 11% for the neighborhood of Paragsha. Jeffries-Matusita distance results suggest clear correlation between contamination sources and affected locations. Total tailing stockpile volume was measured to be approximately 200,300,000 m3. Volume for Pile 4 was estimated to have increased by approximately 46,000,000 m3 between 2001 and 2018. These presented results will hopefully inspire and guide future remote sensing campaigns, perhaps involving a UAV or aircraft-based hyperspectral instrument.
Extra-cardiac Causes of Apparent Cardiac Enlargement

This chapter addresses extra-cardiac causes of apparent cardiac enlargement ranging from suboptimal inspiration, magnification due to the AP view, or patient conditions in a questions and answer format.
Single Gland, Ectopic Location: Adenomas are Common Causes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Children and Adolescents

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in children and adolescents is uncommon. Data-driven guidelines for management in pediatric patients are limited. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients (1997–2017) with PHPT ≤ 21 years of age who underwent parathyroidectomy at three institutions. Clinical and demographic variables were analyzed. Primary operative outcome was cure (normocalcemia > 6 months after surgery); secondary outcome was operative success (intraoperative parathyroid hormone decrease of ≥ 50%). We identified 86 patients with a median age of 17 years (IQR: 14, 19); 64% (n = 55) were female. The mean preoperative serum calcium was 11.7 mg/dL, median parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 110 pg/mL, and median urine calcium was 4.1 mg/kg/24 h. Preoperatively, sestamibi scan localized in 41/71 patients (58%); neck ultrasound localized in 19/44 (43%). The most common pathology at surgery was a single ectopic parathyroid adenoma in 71% (n = 61). A high incidence of ectopic adenomas (25%, n = 22) was observed, most commonly intrathymic (n = 13), followed by tracheoesophageal groove (n = 5), carotid sheath (n = 2), and intrathyroidal (n = 2). Of 56 patients with retrievable data > 6 months postoperatively, cure was achieved in 55 of 56 patients (98%). One patient who presented to us with parathyromatosis require subsequent reoperation. In this multi-institutional series of PHPT in children and adolescents, the majority were sporadic PHPT and were due to a single adenoma. We observed a high incidence of ectopic parathyroid adenomas, most commonly intrathymic. Given the high risk for ectopic adenoma in pediatric patients, parathyroid surgery in children and adolescents should be performed by experienced surgeons.
A Root Cause Analysis of Barriers to Timely Colonoscopy in California Safety-Net Health Systems.

OBJECTIVES Safety-net health care systems, serving vulnerable populations, see longer delays to timely colonoscopy after a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT), which may contribute to existing disparities. We sought to identify root causes of colonoscopy delay after positive FOBT result in the primary care safety net. METHODS We conducted a multisite root cause analysis of cases of delayed colonoscopy, identifying cases where there was a delay of greater than 6 months in completing or scheduling a follow-up colonoscopy after a positive FOBT. We identified cases across 5 California health systems serving low-income, vulnerable populations. We developed a semistructured interview guide based on precedent work. We conducted telephone individual interviews with primary care providers (PCPs) and patients. We then performed qualitative content analysis of the interviews, using an integrated inductive-deductive analytic approach, to identify themes related to recurrent root causes of colonoscopy delay. RESULTS We identified 12 unique cases, comprising 5 patient and 11 PCP interviews. Eight patients completed colonoscopy; median time to colonoscopy was 11.0 months (interquartile range, 6.3 months). Three patients had advanced adenomatous findings. Primary care providers highlighted system-level root causes, including inability to track referrals between primary care and gastroenterology, lack of protocols to follow up with patients, lack of electronic medical record interoperability, and lack of time or staffing resources, compelling tremendous additional effort by staff. In contrast, patients' highlighted individual-level root causes included comorbidities, social needs, and misunderstanding the importance of the FOBT. There was a little overlap between PCP and patient-elicited root causes. CONCLUSIONS Current protocols do not accommodate communication between primary care and gastroenterology. Interventions to address specific barriers identified include improved interoperability between PCP and gastroenterology scheduling systems, protocols to follow-up on incomplete colonoscopies, accommodation for support and transport needs, and patient-friendly education. Interviewing both patients and PCPs leads to richer analysis of the root causes leading to delayed diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Stabilization of Terahertz Vibrational Modes in Illuminated Orange Carotenoid Protein Crystals

Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) controls efficiency of the phycobilisome (PBS), the light harvesting antenna in cyanobacteria, to prevent oxidative damage. The OCP switches from resting state to photo protective state with intense blue light illumination. Questions persist as to why OCPR interaction increases with the PBS over that with the OCPO. Here we examine the role of long-range intramolecular vibrations within OCP. Using Stationary Sample Anisotropic Terahertz Microscopy (SSATM) we measure changes in the intramolecular vibrations with photo switching. We report the first observation of switching in the intramolecular vibrations with photoexcitation. Results suggest that there is a stiffening of the molecule in the photo protective state. This increase in structural stability may enhance the interaction with the PBS change in OCP interaction with PBS. In low light, carotenoid bound OCP appears orange (OCPo) and is inactive. Illumination by strong light converts OCP to the active, red (OCPR) state, which interacts with the PBS. A comparison of anisotropic THz microscopy measurements of dark adapted (OCPo) and illuminated OCP crystals indicate differences in their vibrational modes that may be important for OCP-PBS interactions.
Physics with many positrons

These notes contain speculations about interesting situations that might occur when two or more low-energy positrons interact with each other and/or with various forms of ordinary matter. Topics include many positrons compressed to high density at a field emission tip, a long-lived metastable cold neutral electron positron plasma in a box, dipositronium and other multipositron molecules, the positronium Bose-Einstein condensate, precision measurements on positronium cooled by a pulsed laser method, stimulated emission of annihilation radiation, head-on collisions of two positronium annihilation gamma-ray laser pulses, and possible uses for gamma-ray lasers.
What Are They Thinking

Picking up from his previous volume, Social Capital in America, Brian Jones here sets out the building blocks of everyday life—voluntary association, family, social networks, and work—around which he builds a research model of social capital that takes into account the structures which frame our lives.
Ifetroban reduces coronary artery dysfunction in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

This investigation revealed 1) impaired acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, 2) increased U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction, and 3) reversal of the increase in U-46619-mediated vasoconstriction by ...
RegionViT: Regional-to-Local Attention for Vision Transformers.

Vision transformer (ViT) has recently showed its strong capability in achieving comparable results to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on image classification. However, vanilla ViT simply inherits the same architecture from the natural language processing directly, which is often not optimized for vision applications. Motivated by this, in this paper, we propose a new architecture that adopts the pyramid structure and employ a novel regional-to-local attention rather than global self-attention in vision transformers. More specifically, our model first generates regional tokens and local tokens from an image with different patch sizes, where each regional token is associated with a set of local tokens based on the spatial location. The regional-to-local attention includes two steps: first, the regional self-attention extract global information among all regional tokens and then the local self-attention exchanges the information among one regional token and the associated local tokens via self-attention. Therefore, even though local self-attention confines the scope in a local region but it can still receive global information. Extensive experiments on three vision tasks, including image classification, object detection and action recognition, show that our approach outperforms or is on par with state-of-the-art ViT variants including many concurrent works. Our source codes and models will be publicly available.
Do black lives matter in psychoanalysis? Frantz Fanon as our most disputatious ancestor

Each psychoanalytic tradition traces its lineage to an ancestor-Sigmund Freud as the "father" of psychoanalysis, Sandor Ferenczi as its once-lost "mother," or Jacques Lacan as the prodigal son calling for a "return to Freud." Drawing on these ancestors, a growing body of scholars has articulated psychoanalytic perspectives on race, class, sexuality, and gender in the consulting room and in society. These diverse authors-Black, White, and Brown-represent a "decolonial turn" in psychoanalysis that has yet to claim a primary ancestor, ambivalently inhabiting Freudian, Relational, and Lacanian theories as a "secure base." In a world under siege by anti-Blackness and COVID-19-pandemics restricting the capacity to breathe for indigenous, immigrant, poor, and Black people-a global voice roars through masks that Black Lives Matter. Trapped between thin blue lines, overlapping pandemics, and the limitations of institute and graduate school training, this article is an outburst claiming Frantz Fanon, the revolutionary Black psychiatrist, as ancestor to this movement. Inspired by Edward Said's insight that Fanon is Freud's "most disputatious heir," I will review his thinking as a decolonial psychoanalytic theorist through his classic works and his translated clinical papers. Tracing his psychoanalytic-specifically Lacanian and Ferenczian-influences, I will argue for Fanon's inclusion within the psychoanalytic canon and curriculum, and outline how his contributions are foundational to the decolonial turn. More urgently, I want to draw on Fanon to ask the following question: Do Black Lives Matter in psychoanalysis? (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Identification of the most stable silver cluster ions produced under plasma solution conditions

For several decades, silver nanoparticles have been grown from a solution of silver salts under electrode-free plasma conditions. Yet, details of the atom-by-atom growth from 1Ag+ to iAgmn+ (cluste...
Commentary-surgical management, staging, and outcomes of Wilms Tumours with intravascular extension: Results of the import study.

Abstract This is a commentary on the manuscript entitled “Surgical Management, Staging, and Outcomes of Wilms Tumours with Intravascular Extension: Results of the Import Study”
The Impact of Information Systems in Critical Care a Vehicle for Doing More With Less Resources

Historically, very little has been done to eliminate the paper that is generated from critical care units by nurses on their hour-to-hour, minute-to-minute care of the critically ill patient. There have been order entry computers in the medical/surgical areas; however, in critical care, there have only been the physiological monitoring computers that document the cardiac output, the heart rate, the respiratory rate, and all of the other parameters that practitioners depend upon. There has definitely been interest in computerizing nursing units, as the first international nursing conference was in 1973, and the first USA nursing-driven national conference was in 1981. We do have modified patient data management systems that are available on the market, but nothing that would create a totally paperless environment with high efficiency, thus reducing the amount of time spent with paperwork and putting the nurse at the bedside with the patient.
Agar Induced Variations on the Nutritional Composition of Pear and Crabapple Shoots in vitro

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether nutritional differences in explants on media solidified with 3 agar brands would explain agar-induced variations in proliferation and growth responses. Shoot-tips of ‘Almey’ crabapple and’ seckel’ pear were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) salt mixture supplemented with 10 mg/1 myo-inositol, 0.4 mg/1 thiamine, 30 g/1 sucrose, and 2 mg/1 N -benzyladenine (BA). Media were solidified with either Bacto-agar, Phytagar, or T.C. agar at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 1.2%. A liquid medium treatment was used to obtain a comparative benchmark for expiant nutrient levels. Expiant nutrient levels determined after 8 weeks were influenced both by agar brand and concentration. Although large differences in a number of elements occur both in agar brands and in expiants cultured on media containing similar concentrations of these brands, variations in proliferation and growth cannot be explained based on differences in individual elements. From a nutritional standpoint, modification of the elemental composition of the basal medium may be one cause of the growth variations induced by different agar brands.
Diagnostic Imaging of Lung and Pleural Tumors

Imaging plays an integral role in the detection, diagnosis, staging, and management of lung and pleural tumors. This chapter presents a general overview of lung and pleural tumor imaging and describes the advantages and limitations of the different imaging modalities, including radiographs, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the workup of intrathoracic neoplasms. It illustrates the typical radiologic appearances of pulmonary tumors, including features that help distinguish benign entities from primary and secondary lung and pleural cancers, with emphasis on the complementary role of radiology with histologic analysis of tumor tissue. This chapter explains patterns of metastatic disease from primary intrathoracic tumors in addition to lung metastases from extrathoracic neoplasms. The staging systems for primary non-small cell lung cancers (7th edition), small-cell lung cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma, as well as the new classification of lung adenocarcinomas, are discussed. The guidelines of the American College of Chest Physicians for imaging utilization in malignancy staging are presented. This chapter intends to guide the reader to the best choice of imaging studies, to appropriately manage patients with intrathoracic tumors for correct selection of patients for potentially curative surgery.
Interrogating Neoconservative Religion

Richard John Neuhaus had a stronger basis than most neoconservatives for claiming a theological kinship with Reinhold Niebuhr, but Niebuhr was not a neoconservative or a culture warrior, and Niebuhr did not claim a moral consensus for his concept of “biblical religion.”
Genetic variation in the dimorphic regions of RAP-1 genes and rap-1 loci of Babesia bigemina.

Abstract The rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1) of Babesia bigemina induces protective immune responses in cattle. RAP-1 has two regions of sequence dimorphism at the carboxy and amino terminal ends, respectively. Neutralization-sensitive, surface-exposed B-cell epitopes are present in the amino terminal variant type 1 (NT-1), and CD4+ T-cell epitopes in the carboxy terminal variant type 1 (CT-1). Importantly, antibodies recognizing NT-1 epitopes do not cross react with NT-2 and CD4+ T-cells recognizing epitopes in CT-1 do not cross react with CT-2, suggesting that variation in dimorphic regions of RAP-1 is immunologically significant. We evaluated rap-1 locus structure and the extent of sequence variation in the dimorphic regions of rap-1 genes from geographically diverse strains of B. bigemina. All strains contained NT-1 and NT-2 the encoding sequences were highly conserved, with at least 99% nucleotide identity among strains. However, the Puerto Rico strain encoded a hybrid NT-1/NT-2 sequence which appears to have originated by a gene conversion event. The 3′ ends of rap-1 genes, which include the carboxy terminal variants, are conserved among strains. A new and conserved CT variant (CT-3), with a region of sequence identity to CT-2 and a sequence not related to either CT-1 or CT-2, was identified in all strains of B. bigemina. All but one strain encode both NTs and the three CT variants. The S1A strain, an attenuated strain from Argentina, does not encode CT-2. While NT-1 is associated only with CT-1, NT-2 can be associated with all three CT variants in RAP-1. Within the genome, rap-1 genes are arranged in tandem repeats but with different gene copy number and arrangements among strains. Collectively, the data suggest that gene conversion and unequal recombination events contribute to overall rap-1 sequence conservation among gene variants and strains but may also generate new rap-1 variants.
Population-based fitting of medial shape models with correspondence optimization

A crucial problem in statistical shape analysis is establishing the correspondence of shape features across a population. While many solutions are easy to express using boundary representations, this has been a considerable challenge for medial representations. This paper uses a new 3-D medial model that allows continuous interpolation of the medial manifold and provides a map back and forth between it and the boundary. A measure defined on the medial surface then allows one to write integrals over the boundary and the object interior in medial co-ordinates, enabling the expression of important object properties in an object-relative coordinate system. We use these integrals to optimize correspondence during model construction, reducing variability due to the model parameterization that could potentially mask true shape change effects. Discrimination and hypothesis testing of populations of shapes are expected to benefit, potentially resulting in improved significance of shape differences between populations even with a smaller sample size.
Analysis of Circumplex Models

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the major methods of examining circumplex models, to highlight the different operationalization models implied in each, and to detail the relative advantages of each. The chapter focuses first on the exploratory approaches and then covers the confirmatory approaches to testing circumplex models. To exemplify the methods discussed, the correlation matrix of scale scores obtained from the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems is used. Moreover, there are a variety of models and methods that can be used to evaluate the circumplex, most of which are relatively new. Increasing ability to specify and evaluate circumplex models, extrapolations into circle-like structures that exist beyond the two dimensions of a circle are beginning to appear. The field is moving toward more confirmatory approaches for the evaluation of circumplexes and away from the early exploratory methods. Several different approaches to confirmatory approaches have been covered, each with its own strengths. Finally, the selection of confirmatory approach should rest on the circumplex model of interest.
Effect of magnesium substitution in lithium nickel oxide: An ab initio study

The total energy of lithiated and delithiated Mg-substituted lithium nickel oxide LiMg x Ni 1-x O 2 has been calculated using the ab initio projector-augmented wave method implemented in the density functional theory code VASP. The lattice parameters and cell volumes obtained from the calculations are in general agreement with the experimental results (<2% error). By calculating the average cell voltage using the Nernst equation, it is observed that the Mg-substituted lithium nickel oxide possesses a higher average voltage during the deintercalation process, which also agrees with the observed experimental results. Further calculations on the charges of Li, Ni, Mg, and O in lithiated and delithiated LiMg x Ni 1-x O 2 indicate that the substitution of Mg has more influence on the O charge. Because oxygen is oxidized more than Ni during the process of Li removal (oxidation process) and the substitution of Ni with Mg causes oxygen to be further oxidized, it can be concluded that the increase in the average cell voltage is more related to this further oxidation of oxygen resulting from the substitution of Mg.
System modeling and control of smart structures

This paper presents multidisciplinary research and curriculum efforts at the University of Missouri-Rolla in the smart structures area. The primary objective of our project is to integrate research results with curriculum development for the benefit of students in electrical, and mechanical and aerospace engineering and engineering mechanics. The approach to the accomplishment of curriculum objectives is the development of a two-course sequence in the smart structures area with an integrated laboratory. The research portion of the project addresses structural identification and robust control methods for smart structures. A brief summary of the research results and a description of curriculum development in the smart structures area are described in this paper.
Environmental Monitoring at Two Department of Energy Sites

The U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site was established in southeastern Washington to produce plutonium during World War II. The Pantex Plant in the Texas Panhandle was originally used for loading conventional ammunition shells and bombs, but was rehabilitated and enhanced in the 1950s to assemble nuclear weapons. Environmental monitoring has been ongoing at both locations for several decades. Monitoring objectives are to detect and assess potential impacts of facility operations on air, surface and ground waters, foodstuffs, fish, wildlife, soils, and vegetation. Measured concentrations of airborne radionuclides around the perimeters of both sites are currently below applicable guidelines. Concentrations of radionuclides and nonradiological water quality in the Columbia River at Hanford, and radiological and nonradiological water quality in the Ogallala Aquifer beneath the Pantex Plant are in compliance with applicable standards. Foodstuffs irrigated with river water downstream from the Hanford Site show levels of radionuclides that are similar to those found in foodstuffs from control areas. The low levels of 1 3 7 Cs and 9 0 Sr in some onsite Hanford wildlife samples and concentrations of radionuclides in soils and vegetation from onsite and offsite at both locations are typical of those attributable to naturally occurring radioactivity and to worldwide fallout. The calculated dose potentially received by a maximally exposed individual (i.e., based on hypothetical, worst-case assumptions for all routes of exposure) at both sites in 1994 was ≤0.05 mrem. Ironically, by virtue of its size (1,450 km 2 [560 mi 2 ]), restricted public access, and conservative use of undeveloped land, the Hanford Site has provided a sanctuary for plant and animal populations that have been eliminated from, or greatly reduced on, surrounding agricultural and range lands. Ongoing studies will determine if this is also true at Pantex Plant.
Linking the Central Office and Its Schools for Reform

Purpose: This study investigates how linkages between a central office and its schools served as administrative controls while fostering professional accountability and organizational learning. Met...
Recurrent neural networks for LU decomposition and Cholesky factorization

Two recurrent neural networks are presented for LU decomposition and Cholesky factorization. The proposed recurrent neural networks consist of two bidirectionally connected layers and each layer consists of an array of neurons. The proposed recurrent neural networks are proven to be asymptotically stable in the large and capable of LU decomposition and Cholesky factorization.
The Association of Active Cancer With Venous Thromboembolism Location: A Population-Based Study

OBJECTIVE To test active cancer for an association with venous thromboembolism (VTE) location. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we identified all Olmsted County, MN, residents with incident VTE during the 35-year period 1966-2000 (N=3385). We restricted analyses to residents with objectively diagnosed VTE during the 17-year period from January 1, 1984, to December 31, 2000 (N=1599). For each patient, we reviewed the complete medical records in the community for patient age, gender, and most recent body mass index at VTE onset; VTE event type and location; and previously identified independent VTE risk factors (ie, surgery, hospitalization for acute medical illness, active cancer, leg paresis, superficial venous thrombosis, and varicose veins). Using logistic regression we tested active cancer for an association with each of 4 symptomatic VTE locations (arm or intra-abdominal deep venous thrombosis [DVT], intra-abdominal DVT, pulmonary embolism, and bilateral leg DVT), adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and other VTE risk factors. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, active cancer was independently associated with arm or intra-abdominal DVT (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; P =.01), intra-abdominal DVT (OR, 2.22; P =.004), and bilateral leg DVT (OR, 2.09; P =.02), but not pulmonary embolism (OR, 0.93). CONCLUSION Active cancer is associated with VTE location. Location of VTE may be useful in decision making regarding cancer screening.
Cost-effectiveness of detecting breast cancer in lower socioeconomic status African American and hispanic women through mobile mammography services

Lower socioeconomic status African American and Hispanic women suffer from later-stage detection of breast cancer and higher mortality rates than other American women. Low-cost mobile mammography o...
Estimating the Provision of Ecosystem Services by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands

Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastal wetlands contribute to human well-being by providing many ecosystem services. The GOM region continues to experience substantial losses of coastal wetlands, but the magnitude of reduction in ecosystem services resulting from the loss of GOM coastal wetlands is unknown. To gain an appreciation of the impact of GOM coastal wetland loss on ecosystem services, recent literature was reviewed to derive quantitative estimates of ecosystem services provided by GOM coastal wetlands. GOM coastal wetlands provide essential habitat for the production of juvenile shrimp, which supports the GOM’s most valuable commercial fishery; protect coastal communities from storm surge; improve water quality by removing nitrogen from surface waters; and are valuable sinks for greenhouse gases due to high rates of carbon sequestration combined with low rates of methane emission. Using 1998 to 2004 as a baseline, the potential loss of ecosystem services associated with loss of coastal wetlands is presented. Additional research is needed to quantify wetland services at multiple geospatial and socioeconomic scales, to determine the effect of wetland loss on ecosystem services, and to demonstrate the impact of future management decisions on the capacity of GOM coastal wetlands to provide services that affect human well-being.
Magnetic field distributions from longitudinally disordered pancake vortices

Abstract For the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ, the magnetic field probability distributions measured by μSR have been found to be reasonably represented by those produced by a more or less regular vortex lattice. For Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8−δ (BSCCO) the field probability distributions are not, except at quite low fields, such as 100 G . Further, it is known that the copper plane to copper plane coupling in BSCCO is quite weak. This has led Clem to posit pancake vortices, vortices referred to only one plane, as the building blocks of vortex lattices in this material. He has provided a solution for the magnetic field arising from one such vortex and shown that a regular lattice built from such pancakes produces the field distributions expected for the usual London solution vortices. The stacks of pancake vortices would be easily longitudinally disordered as a consequence of the very weak inter-layer coupling. In order to model μSR data on BSCCO a means to calculate fields from disordered stacks of pancake vortices has been developed. The vortices in a given plane were assumed to form a regular lattice of the appropriate inter-vortex spacing, then a three dimensional system of such layers was built up. Each subsequent layer of pancake vortices was allowed to be randomly displaced from the layer its predecessor. Thus in proceeding along a given stack, the pancakes lose registry with those below in a random walk. This cuts off the range of pancakes which are well ordered and leads to the high-field cutoff being reduced and the overall magnetic field distribution becoming more symmetric in agreement with the data. Results of this modeling are presented and compared to high-field data on BSCCO.
Inhibition of hormonal stimulation of lipolysis in perfused rat heart by ketone bodies

Abstract The interaction of ketone bodies, acetate and octanoate with isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis (glycerol output) was studied in the Langendorff perfused rat heart. Increasing perfusate concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate progressively and completely inhibited the isoproterenol-augmented glycerol output of the perfused rat heart. Likewise, acetate and octanoate suppressed the lipolytic response to isoproterenol but the maximal inhibition by these latter compounds amounted to approximately 50% of the isoproterenol effect. Isoproterenol elevated the protein kinase activity ratio, an index of heart cyclic AMP, at all concentrations of ketone bodies studied, including those at which a complete inhibition of the isoproterenol-stimulated glycerol release occurred. Thus, ketone bodies have the ability to inhibit isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis in the isolated perfused rat heart even in the presence of elevated protein kinase ratios.
Molecular interaction and functional regulation of ClC-3 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in human malignant glioma.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and lethal primary brain cancer in adults. Tumor cells diffusely infiltrate the brain making focal surgical and radiation treatment challenging. The invasion of glioma cells into normal brain is facilitated by the activity of ion channels aiding dynamic regulation of cell volume. Recent studies have specifically implicated ClC-3, a voltage-gated chloride channel, in this process. However, the interaction between ClC-3 activity and cell movement is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that ClC-3 is highly expressed on the plasma membrane of human glioma cells where its activity is regulated through phosphorylation via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Intracellular infusion of autoactivated CaMKII via patch pipette enhanced chloride currents 3-fold, and this regulation was inhibited by autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide, a CaMKII-specific inhibitor. CaMKII modulation of chloride currents was also lost upon stable small hairpin RNA knockdown of ClC-3 channels indicating a specific interaction of ClC-3 and CaMKII. In ClC-3-expressing cells, inhibition of CaMKII reduced glioma invasion to the same extent as direct inhibition of ClC-3. The importance of the molecular interaction of ClC-3 and CaMKII is further supported by our finding that CaMKII co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with ClC-3. ClC-3 and CaMKII also co-immunoprecipitate in tissue biopsies from patients diagnosed with grade IV glioblastoma. These tumor samples show 10-fold higher ClC-3 protein expression than nonmalignant brain. These data suggest that CaMKII is a molecular link translating intracellular calcium changes, which are intrinsically associated with glioma migration, to changes in ClC-3 conductance required for cell movement.
Combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction study of the structure of Ba4CaCu3Ox: Oxygen stoichiometry and cation order

Abstract Cation ordering and oxygen stoichiometry of the nonsuperconducting compound, Ba4CaCu3Ox, have been studied by a joint X-ray and neutron powder diffraction experiment. In contrast to the related phase Ba4YCu3O8.5+δ, which was refined in the space group Pm3, we found that the higher symmetry space group Im3m provides a better fit to the diffraction data for Ba4CaCu3Ox. The cubic unit cell of Ba4CaCu3Ox has a perovskite-like configuration, but possesses lattice lengths double those of a usual perovskite cell. X-ray scattering data clearly show substantial exchange between the Ca and Ba sites. Refinements of neutron data indicate two oxygen sites: an (x, 0, 0) site that is essentially fully occupied and a ( 1 4 , 0, 1 2 ) site that is approximately 47% occupied. The joint X-ray and neutron refinement yields an average stoichiometry of Ba3.92Ca1.08Cu3O8.85 for the compound (Z = 2) and an effective CuO hole concentration of +0.29. Ba3.92Ca1.08Cu3O8.85 is a dielectric; the absence of superconductivity in this material is discussed in terms of its structure and oxygen stoichiometry.
F 2 Isoprostanes (F 2 I) in Tracheobronchial Aspirate (TBA) Within 24 Hours After Birth Predict Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) ♦ 1631

F 2 Isoprostanes (F 2 I) in Tracheobronchial Aspirate (TBA) Within 24 Hours After Birth Predict Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) ♦ 1631
Changes in central sodium and not osmolarity or lactate induce panic-like responses in a model of panic disorder

Panic disorder is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks that can be consistently provoked with intravenous (i.v.) infusions of hypertonic (0.5 M) sodium lactate (NaLac), yet the mechanism/CNS site by which this stimulus triggers panic attacks is unclear. Chronic inhibition of GABAergic synthesis in the dorsomedial hypothalamus/perifornical region (DMH/PeF) of rats induces a vulnerability to panic-like responses after i.v. infusion of 0.5 M NaLac, providing an animal model of panic disorder. Using this panic model, we previously showed that inhibiting the anterior third ventricle region (A3Vr; containing the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, the median preoptic nucleus, and anteroventral periventricular nucleus) attenuates cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses elicited by i.v. infusions of NaLac. In this study, we show that i.v. infusions of 0.5 M NaLac or sodium chloride, but not iso-osmolar D-mannitol, increased 'anxiety' (decreased social interaction) behaviors, heart rate, and blood pressure responses. Using whole-cell patch-clamp preparations, we also show that bath applications of NaLac (positive control), but not lactic acid (lactate stimulus) or D-mannitol (osmolar stimulus), increases the firing rates of neurons in the A3Vr, which are retrogradely labeled from the DMH/PeF and which are most likely glutamatergic based on a separate study using retrograde tracing from the DMH/PeF in combination with in situ hybridization for vesicular glutamate transporter 2. These data show that hypertonic sodium, but not hyper-osmolarity or changes in lactate, is the key stimulus that provokes panic attacks in panic disorder, and is consistent with human studies.
Obesoconnus gen. n., a new bizarre Neotropical genus of Cyrtoscydmini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

A new Neotropical genus of Cyrtoscydmini, Obesoconnus gen. n., is described to accommodate two new species: O. guyanensis sp. n. (the type species of Obesoconnus ) from French Guyana and O. mexicanus sp. n. from Mexico. The morphology of the new taxon is described and illustrated in detail, and its possible affinities to other Cyrtoscydmini are discussed. Despite external dissimilarities, the aedeagus of Obesoconnus highly resembles copulatory organs of Alloraphes and Parastenichnaphes ; all these genera share the basal pumping apparatus and apically located ostium with asymmetrical apical projections.
Who is responsible for household tasks in long term marriages of the “young-old” elderly?

Little is known about the way in which golden anniversary couples divide the responsibility for household tasks. This article examines the division of responsibility for 12 households tasks within a sample of 18 couples. At least one partner is under 75 years of age, the findings indicate that these “young-old” couples have developed interdependent, gender differentiated divisions of household tasks, although they share several tasks. There is congruence between what they expect and how they actually divide the responsibility for household tasks.
Moving on the spectrum: Dance/movement therapy as a potential early intervention tool for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract The rising number of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses, in addition to the ability to recognize the disorder early, has led to much interest in early intervention tools. This theoretical work examines how dance/movement therapy (DMT) might be applied to address the early developmental connections between social and communication challenges and early motor maturation in young children diagnosed with ASDs. As a foundation for this discussion, literature pertaining to the early relationship of motor challenges and social/communication deficits is reviewed. A theoretical framework is proposed that promotes the integration and early development of these two realms based on DMT interventions and principles in children at high risk for or diagnosed with an ASD.
A Thermal Mixing Scheme for Portable Gas Turbines

To meet the increasing demand for advanced portable power units, for example for use in personal electronics and robotics, a number of studies have recently focused on small gas turbine units in the 500 W to 1 kW range. The majority of the work to date is concerned with the design of efficient high-speed rotating machinery and electric components. An important aspect, especially critical for portable operation, is the cooling of the gas turbine and the exhaust gas. This is the focus of the present paper. The compact and small-scale architecture of such gas turbine engines poses major challenges in the thermal management as the required cooling mass flow for portable operation is relatively large and the flow mixing length is short and constrained by package size considerations. Previously, a mixer/ejector based cooling scheme was proposed and vortex generator rings and multi-walled ejector configurations were experimentally investigated with the goal to enhance the mixing of the exhaust gas with cooling flow [1]. Although the augmentations achieved a satisfactory cooling mass flow ratio of 16.8:1, hot spots still existed at the exit of the relatively long mixer duct due to the high area-ratio of the ejector configuration. To overcome this mixing challenge, an alternative cooling scheme was conceived. In this scheme, the hot exhaust gas flow is forced radially outward through a perforated cylindrical liner into the cooling air flow surrounding the exhaust duct. The concept resembles that of an inverted dilution liner where the hot exhaust gas is injected into the much larger cooling mass flow. The hypothesis is that the array of streamwise vortices formed by the hot jets reduces the mixing length and significantly mitigates the temperature non-uniformity. The design space was first explored using a control volume (CV) analysis and the performance of the proposed device and the detailed flow features were investigated using three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The computations demonstrate enhanced mixing which reduces the turbine exhaust gas temperature of 630°C to a temperature distribution below 75°C at the mixer exit, comparable to the temperature levels and non-uniformity of a commercial hand dryer. The cooling mass flow ratio and required cooling fan power were 15.4 and 1.9% of engine power output respectively. Flow mixing guidelines were established together with a concept mixer configuration, generally applicable to small scale gas turbine devices.© 2010 ASME
Role of hybrid tetramer formation in gelation of haemoglobin S.

THE transformation of erythrocytes containing haemoglobin (Hb) S from pliable biconcave disks into rigid pointed “sickled” forms, which underlies the pathology of sickle cell disease, results from the tendency of this mutant haemoglobin to polymerise and produce an intracellular gel on deoxygenation. In the genetic variants of sickle cell disease, the different types and proportions of non-S haemoglobins present in the red cells together with Hb S are important in determining the extent of the sickling tendency and the severity of the disease. Red cells containing Hb S along with a substantial proportion of foetal haemoglobin (Hb F, α2γ2), sickle less readily than cells having a similar proportion of the normal adult type, Hb A (α2β2). Such differences can be demonstrated with solutions of haemoglobin mixtures in vitro by measuring the minimum gelling concentrations (MGC), that is, the minimum concentration of total haemoglobin at which the mixture will form a gel on complete deoxygenation. The higher MGC of Hb S–F mixtures compared with S–A mixtures correlates with the lesser sickling tendency of the former combination within red cells.
Cost-Effectiveness Assessment of Low-Carbon Vehicle and Fuel Technologies

Governments around the world are implementing programs to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. The targeted GHG emission reductions will require major transformations in the areas of vehicles and fuel; however, little effort has been made to systematically compare the costs of efficiency and alternative fuel options under consistent assumptions. This study analyzes the cost-effectiveness—or cost per tonne (metric ton) of GHG emission reduction—of near-term technology options for vehicle efficiency, biofuel usage, battery electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cells for GHG reduction in the light-duty vehicle sector within the 2020 time frame. The costs and GHG impacts of emerging technologies are evaluated to develop a marginal GHG abatement cost curve for a technology deployment scenario that complies with the adopted vehicle regulation and low-carbon fuel standard in California. The findings indicate large variation in estimates for cost per tonne across technologies and h...
The conversion of deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate to deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate in normal and regenerating rat liver.

Abstract The above studies reveal for the first time that dUMP can be converted to dUTP in rat liver, a reaction that may be more universal than originally believed. Naturally occurring mechanisms, such as dUTP breakdown and the inhibition of dUMP phosphorylation by CMP and UMP, may prevent this reaction from assuming a more significant physiologic role.
MODIS CDOM and chlorophyll: a first look using SeaWiFS and AVHRR data

Global maps of MODIS pigment products were produced using SeaWiFS and AVHRR data from 2 and 3 July 1998. The global mode value for the Case 2 chlorophyll product is 0.075 mg m-3, while global modes for two empirical chlorophyll algorithms are 0.02 to 0.03 mg m-3 higher. The Case 2 chlorophyll product shows a pronounced bimodal distribution with a secondary mode at around 0.30 mg m-3, which is consistent with high-latitude in situ pigment concentration data from the Southern Ocean. Analysis of spectral ratios of Rrs suggests that the 412 nm channel of SeaWiFS may be 1.5-2.0% too low. Blue-absorbing aerosols are not correctly removed from the imagery of the Mediterranean Sea, causing erroneously high retrievals of gelbstoff (or CDOM) absorption coefficient. A numerical filter to diagnose the presence of Saharan dust is suggested.
PhD graduate training programs in pathology: 2003 report from the American Society for Investigative Pathology workshop on pathology graduate education

Graduate training is one of the most important activities in which we engage. Through PhD training programs in pathology, we continually renew the intellectual vigor of our discipline and assure its position as a vibrant force in the life sciences. To focus on this important issue, the Education Committee of the American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP) organized a workshop on April 11, 2003 for pathology graduate program directors from across the United States and Canada. The goals of this workshop were to better define the current models of pathology graduate training programs, to identify key issues pertaining to the curriculum of pathology training programs and strategies to better market pathology graduate training opportunities, and to identify challenges for the future. Twenty-three program directors and other faculty interested in pathology graduate education, as well as 2 invited PhD students, attended the workshop. Workshop participants concluded that the integration of more and better disease-related education into graduate training programs would attract more and better-qualified students into pathology career pathways that will ultimately fulfill important societal needs and train future leaders of the biomedical research community. The ASIP is facilitating this goal by taking a leadership role in publicizing educational efforts in pathology and by making systematic use of its Website for sharing information about curriculum ideas and materials, as well as course syllabi.
Class V porcelain inlays utilizing a cast matrix

Abstract A technique for making porcelain inlays has been described. A cast gold matrix is formed for firing the porcelain. The method eliminates the need for a platinum foil matrix and avoids the difficulties involved in their formation and use.