cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian method for query approximation

This study presents statistical techniques to obtain local approximate query answers for aggregate multivariate materialized views thus eliminating the need for repetitive scanning of the source data. In widely distributed management information systems, detailed data do not necessarily reside in the same physical location as the decision-maker; thus, requiring scanning of the source data as needed by the query demand. Decision-making, business intelligence and data analysis could involve multiple data sources, data diversity, aggregates and large amounts of data. Management often confronts delays in information acquisition from remote sites. Management decisions usually involve analyses that require the most precise summary data available. These summaries are readily available from data warehouses and can be used to estimate or approximate data in exchange for a quicker response. An approach to supporting aggregate materialized view management is proposed that reconstructs data sets locally using posteri...
Interfacial Processes and Tribocharging: Effect of Plasma Surface Modification and Physisorption

The tribocharging characteristics of polymer powders have a significant impact on several industrial processes such as electrostatic powder coating and polymer powder processing. The nature of chemical species on the surface of powder influences the triboelectric charging characteristics. An atmospheric-pressure helium plasma was used to modify tribocharging properties of polystyrene microspheres and acrylic powders. Plasma surface modification reduced the magnitude of tribocharging for the test polymer powders. When tribocharged against stainless steel, the net charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) for both polystyrene microspheres and acrylic powders was less than that for the control samples. Plasma surface modification also reduced the tribocharging of mannitol, a pharmaceutical powder, against stainless steel. Further, Mars simulant dust (JSC Mars 1) was used as a test sample to study the effect of carbon dioxide physisorption on tribocharging. The Q/M of the sample with physisorbed CO2 was less than that of th...
A Noncontact, Nondestructive Method for Quantifying Intratissue Deformations and Strains

The function of soft connective tissues is frequently characterized by quantifying tissue strain (e.g., during joint motion). Conventional techniques for quantifying tendon and ligament strain typically provide surface measures, using markers, stain lines or instrumentation that may influence the tissue. An alternative approach is to quantify intratendinous strain by applying texture correlation analysis to magnetic resonance (MR) images. This paper reports the accuracy and reproducibility of this approach by (1) assessing the reproducibility of MR images, (2) assessing texture correlation accuracy using simulated displacements, and (3) comparing texture correlation measures of displacement and strain from MR images to conventional techniques.
Improvement of a Baculovirus Pesticide by Deletion of the EGT Gene

The egt gene of the insect baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) encodes the enzyme ecdysteroid UDP–glucosyltransferase. Expression of egt enables the virus to inhibit molting of its infected host. In this study, we have compared the growth and development of insects infected by viruses with and without a functional egt gene. Our data reveal that, since insects normally stop feeding for both larval–larval and larval–pupal molts, expression of egt prevents the insect from experiencing this feeding arrest. Thus, egt functions to prolong the length of time the insect feeds after infection, with a resultant increase in the weight gain of the insect. We show that deletion of the egt gene significantly improves the pesticide characteristics of AcMNPV. Larvae infected with an egt deletion mutant display considerably reduced feeding and earlier mortality than wild–type AcMNPV–infected larvae.
The Case for Reasonable Intervention: Training Implications for Judicious Referral and Placement Decisions

High rates of inaccurate referral, negative psychological consequences of stigmatization, and evaluation bias underscore the need for special educators to take a more aggressive role in challenging the referral activities of school personnel. Although it is expected that a variety of intervention efforts will be used as a natural part of the child's educational experience, it is unclear what interventions regular classroom teachers see as reasonable to use with children they are considering for referral. Non-Referring Teachers (NRTs) and Referring Teachers (RTs) rated the reasonableness of frequently recommended interventions. Subjects also identified interventions they prefer to use. Results show that the attitudes of NRTs differ significantly from those of RTs on the reasonableness of suggested interventions. The pattern of preferred usage indicates that NRTs identify interventions that are more directly related to task design and instructional interaction, while RTs tend to select more indirect strateg...
Risk of liver toxicity with the angiogenesis inhibitor pazopanib in cancer patients.

AbstractPurpose. The angiogenesis inhibitor pazopanib has been approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) and soft tissue sarcoma. Severe and fatal hepatotoxicity has been observed in its clinical studies. This analysis was conducted to determine the risk of liver toxicity by a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Patients and methods. Databases from PubMed, Web of Science and abstracts presented at ASCO meetings up to January, 2012 were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included prospective trials of cancer patients treated with pazopanib starting at 800 mg daily. Summary incidence rates, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed- or random-effects model. Results. A total of 1478 patients from 10 clinical trials were included. The incidences of all-grade aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and bilirubin elevation were 39.6% (95% CI 31.2–48.6%), 41.4% (95% CI 34.1–49.0%), and 24.8%...
Site selectivity and competitive CO attack in Co4(CO)10(μ4-PPh)2 using methanolic [Et4N][OH]

The reaction between the tetracobalt cluster Co4(CO)10(μ4-PPh)2 (1) and [Et4N][OH] (1.1 equivalents of a 1.3 M solution in MeOH) has been examined in THF at -78°C. Low-temperature IR analysis reveals the presence of both the hydroxycarbonyl cluster [Co4(CO)9(μ4-PPh)2(CO2H)-] [2-] and the methoxycarbonyl cluster [Co4(CO)9(μ4-PPh)2(CO2Me)-] [3-] as a result of hydroxide and methoxide attack, respectively, on a terminal carbonyl group in 1. IR band-shape analysis indicates that [2-] and [3-] exist in a 77:23 ratio at -72°C. Addition of excess [Li+] (as [CF3SO3][Li]) to solutions of [2-] and [3-] affords [3-] in quantitative yield at -72°C. The thermal stability and reactivity of these anionic clusters are discussed and comparisons made to the structural similar formyl and acetyl clusters derived from 1.
Bridging the gap: fluidly connecting paper notecards with digital representations for story/task-based planning

Programmers use both paper and digital artifacts to aid in the process of software planning. This paper presents a prototype of a system that uses digital pen technology to integrate paper notecards and digital task plan representations, allowing programmers to utilize the affordances provided by both techniques. Through an ethnography of programmers who practice planning using both physical and digital artifacts, we discovered common actions performed by the programmers included card creation, card augmentation, card combining, and scheduling of card for completion. We designed interaction techniques to facilitate these actions and conducted a usability study (n=10) to evaluate the techniques. Through the study, we discovered that the initial prototype provided both positive and negative experiences for the user, providing insightful design implications for the future.
Wavelet-based multiresolution with n√2 subdivision

Multiresolution methods are a common technique used for dealing with large-scale data and representing it at multiple levels of detail. We present a multiresolution hierarchy construction based on n√2 subdivision, which has all the advantages of a regular data organization scheme while reducing the drawback of coarse granularity. The n√2-subdivision scheme only doubles the number of vertices in each subdivision step regardless of dimension n. We describe the construction of 2D, 3D, and 4D hierarchies representing surfaces, volume data, and time-varying volume data, respectively. The 4D approach supports spatial and temporal scalability. For high-quality data approximation on each level of detail, we use downsampling filters based on n-variate B-spline wavelets. We present a B-spline wavelet lifting scheme for n√2-subdivision steps to obtain small or narrow filters. Narrow filters support adaptive refinement and out-of-core data exploration techniques.
The effects of electroshock seizures on potassium transport within synaptosomes from rat brain.

—Potassium transport was assessed within synaptic terminals isolated from cerebral cortices of rats which experienced one or two maximal electroshock (ES) convulsions daily. No significant change in endogenous K content was present after 2 consecutive days of ES-seizures. However, K decreased 22 % and 41 % after 4 and 6 days of convulsions respectively. After 6 days, synaptosomes from ES rats were able to accumulate K to the same extent as controls and were inhibited by ouabain to an equivalent extent (50%). When these synaptosomes from ES rats were preloaded with high concentrations of K, K leaked out at an increased rate. When diphenylhydantoin (DPH) was administered intraperitoneally from the second to the sixth day of ES-convulsions, the decrease in endogenous K induced by chronic convulsions was corrected. In ion-free media or with 50 mM Na, DPH had no effects on the enhanced efflux of K observed in vitro after ES-seizures. However, with high Na (50–100 mm) and low K (0.2–1 mm) DPH stimulated K uptake but did not affect the ouabain inhibition. Under conditions optimal for K uptake (50 mm Na and 10 mm K), DPH did not affect K accumulation but it prevented in vitro ouabain inhibition. Our results indicate that repeated ES-convulsions decreased K content within isolated nerve terminals by enhancing its passive leakage. In vivo DPH prevented the effects of ES-seizures by stimulating the Na-K pump and not by directly blocking the K leak.
Water transport through cation exchange membranes

Abstract Measurements of moles of water transported for the passage of a faraday of electricity (tw) through crosslinked phenolsulfonate membranes immersed in solutions of NaCl in the concentration range 0.01–5.2N and in 0.01N LiCl are presented. Other parameters of the membrane phase, viz. counterion transport number, water and salt contents, are also given. The interrelationships among these membrane parameters noted by other investigators are tested for the system and found to be inapplicable. Values of tw at concentrations above 0.1N are independent of current density, whereas at 0.01N they are very much dependent on the current employed in the measurement. At low current densities, values for tw in excess of the ratio of water to salt present in the membrane phase are obtained. This is attributed to transport taking place preferentially through uncharged or slightly charged membrane pores.
LEGISLATIVE INTERACTION OF A CANADIAN PROVINCE AND AN AMERICAN STATE: THOUGHTS UPON SUB-NATIONAL CROSS-BORDER RELATIONS

(1981). LEGISLATIVE INTERACTION OF A CANADIAN PROVINCE AND AN AMERICAN STATE: THOUGHTS UPON SUB-NATIONAL CROSS-BORDER RELATIONS. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 67-79.
Effects of viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions

This paper examines the necessity of including ion viscosity in modeling laser fusion implosions. Using the Naval Research Laboratory one-half Mega Joule laser fusion target as an example, it is shown that for virtually the entire implosion up to maximum compression, and the entire rebound after the implosion, ion viscosity is unimportant. However for about half a nanosecond before peak implosion, ion viscosity can have a significant, but by no means dominant effect on both the one-dimensional flow and on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Effects of unscreened spouse violence on mediated agreements

Abstract A sample of 149 couples was assessed for spouse violence prior to family court mediation. Standard mediation was conducted without the participants or mediators knowing who was classified as violent or nonviolent. The 65 couples who reached full agreement were grouped according to whether they had ever had a violent dispute during the relationship. Violent couples who reached agreements chose terms granting wives significantly more power in terms of control over custody and visitation than the nonviolent couples chose. This suggests that wives of violent husbands were empowered sufficiently during standard mediation to negotiate somewhat more powerful, safer terms for themselves than was necessary for wives of nonviolent husbands. Nevertheless, 57% of all agreements between violent couples specified a form of shared custody, which is thought to promote too much future contact between the violent ex-spouses. This tendency for violent spouses to choose shared custody is interpreted to mean that wiv...
The law of the sea and the prospects for deep seabed mining: The position of the European community

The paper outlines the relationship between the Law of the Sea Conference and internal developments within the European Community, notably in regard to fishing. The European Community has signed the Convention, and the Declaration that was made is discussed. European participation in deep seabed mining activities is described in terms of government measures, the formation of consortia, and registration procedures. A fact sheet on the consortia, legislation of EC States, and international arrangements is given.
Interaction of sine-Gordon kinks with defects: phase space transport in a two-mode model

We study a model derived by Fei et al. [Phys. Rev. A 45 (1992) 6019] of a kink solution to the sine-Gordon equation interacting with an impurity mode. The model is a two degree of freedom Hamiltonian system. We investigate this model using the tools of dynamical systems, and show that it exhibits a variety of interesting behaviors including transverse heteroclinic orbits to degenerate equilibria at infinity, chaotic dynamics, and an extremely complex and delicate structure describing the interaction of the kink with the defect. We interpret this in terms of phase space transport theory.
Principles of nano-dipole photovoltaics

We propose a principle of photovoltaics utilizing the built-in electric field generated by aligned nano-size dipoles in a semi-conductive host, either polymer or liquid, or amorphous, or polycrystalline. Such dipoles are readily found with the wurtzite CdS, CdSe and some other nanoparticles. We show that their generated field can be uniform and strong enough, ∼ 30 kV/cm to separate electron-hole pairs and run significant drift currents. Our suggested structure is not based p-n or Schottky junctions and can be tunable in a broad range of parameters.
The Relationships of Public and Self-Stigma to Seeking Mental Health Services

The label of mental illness has long been recognized as one of the most powerful of all stigmas. Public stigma, the common societal reactions to people who seek help for psychological distress, can be distinguished from self-stigma, the internalized impact of public stigma. This study examined how awareness and endorsement of public stigma may influence self-stigma. It also examined how both types of stigma are connected to attitudes and intentions to seeking counseling. Awareness and endorsement of public stigma were found to predict self-stigma. Endorsement of sympathy for a person with mental illness was especially predictive of self-stigma, while endorsement of public stigma and self-stigma were independently related to attitudes to seeking counseling. Finally, attitudes were most proximally related to intentions to seek counseling. These results suggest that different aspects of stigma play different roles in influencing attitudes to seeking mental health counseling.
58K, a microtubule-binding Golgi protein, is a formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase.

58K was previously identified as a rat liver protein that binds microtubules in vitro and is associated with the cytoplasmic surface of the Golgi apparatus in vivo(Bloom, G. S., and Brashear, T. A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 16083–16092). We now report that 58K is a formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes two consecutive steps in the modification of tetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate. Comparative immunoblotting using several monoclonal antibodies made against 58K and a polyclonal antibody made against a chicken liver protein (p60) with similar properties (Hennig, D., Scales, S. J., Moreau, A., Murley, L. L., De Mey, J., and Kreis, T. E. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 19602–19611) demonstrated precise co-purification of protein recognized by all antibodies through multiple fractionation steps, including gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Eight peptides derived from 58K showed high sequence identity to amino acid sequences predicted by full length cDNA for p60 and porcine liver FTCD. Furthermore, purified 58K was associated with formiminotransferase and cyclodeaminase activities. Based on these collective results, 58K was concluded to be a rat liver version of FTCD. Microtubules assembled from brain tubulin, but not from liver tubulin, were able to bind rat liver FTCD. Binding to brain microtubules is suspected to occur via polyglutamates that are added post-translationally to tubulin in brain, which was shown to contain very low levels of FTCD, but not to tubulin in liver, which was determined to be the richest tissue source, by far, of FTCD. The physiological significance of the microtubule binding activity of FTCD is thus called into question, but an association of FTCD with the Golgi apparatus has now been established.
Approaches to archaeological ceramics

Humans differ from any other species on this planet in our extensive ability to transform the natural world in order to ease our existence in it. By shaping stone, wood, and clay we make tools that increase our effectiveness in procuring and preparing food, in securing shelter, and in producing the conditions and comforts of life that we now view as necessary for our survival. We also produce goods to ornament our homes and bodies, designed according to cultural rules of esthetics, as well as objects necessary for the acknowledgment or ritual enactment of our religious beliefs.
Gender on a New Frontier: Mexican Migration in the Rural Mountain West

In this article, the author draws from ethnographic field work with Mexican migrants in southwestern Montana, an emerging rural settlement of the Mountain West, to analyze the ways in which context of reception affects gender relations. The author constructs the analysis by looking at gender in terms of three primary elements of migrant incorporation: (1) employment, (2) geography, and (3) culture. The author finds that in Montana traditional gender relations are typically fortified or reintroduced through the migration process, often to the detriment of women. Yet women remain optimistic about their lives because they believe that in Montana they can be better mothers, providing safety and opportunities for their children that they could not provide elsewhere. The data challenge theorizing from urban settlements and highlight the significance of context of reception for constructions of gender and women’s experiences of power.
Population ecology of heteromastus filiformis (polychaeta: capitallidae)

Abstract The age structure and numerical dynamics of two intertidal populations of Heteromastus filiformis were studied by monthly or twice-monthly sampling for over 2 years. Adults were sexually mature through the winter and spawned in early spring, probably at the end of their second year. Settlement of larvae, and juvenile growth and mortality were studied by placing cores of azoic sediment in the field for 9 to 14 day intervals. Larvae settled from the plankton in March or April at rates that differed between the two populations, and were up to 2000 m−2·d−1. Juvenile densities as high as 66 500 m−2 were measured. Juveniles grew rapidly after settlement, doubling in size in less than two months. Adults grew more slowly, and no growth occurred during winter. The mortality rate of juveniles was initially about 0.03 d−1, but declined exponentially with time to zero, with a half-life of about 46 d at the high-intertidal site, and 71 d at the mid-intertidal site. Adults had a mortality rate not significantly different from zero, except in spring when their density declined at a rate of about 0.006 d−1, after the spawning period. Caging experiments to test the effects of motile macro-epifaunal predators on mortality rates of juveniles showed no significant effects.
Blood cotinine levels as indicators of smoking treatment outcome

Pretreatment blood cotinine levels, expired carbon monoxide levels, and self-reported cigarette consumption were evaluated as predictors of smoking treatment outcome in 114 patients. Of these indices of nicotine intake, blood cotinine level was the most useful predictor. High blood cotinine level was the best predictor of dropping out before completion of treatment and of smoking at the end of treatment and at follow-ups. The usefulness of cotinine as a marker of tobacco dependence is discussed.
Photofragmentation of the closo-carboranes part II: VUV assisted dehydrogenation in the closo-carboranes and semiconducting B10C2H(x) films.

The dehydrogenation of semiconducting boron carbide (B10C2 Hx) ﬁlms as well as the three closo-carborane isomers of dicarbadodecaborane (C2 B10H12) and two isomers of the corresponding closo-phosphacarborane (PCB10H11) all appear to be very similar. Photoionization mass spectrometry studies at near-threshold gas phase photoionization indicate that the preferred pathway for dissociation of the parent cation species (C2 B10H10 + or PCB10H9 +) is, in all cases, the loss of H2. Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that energetically preferred sites for exopolyhedral hydrogen (B-H) bond dissociation are in all cases at B atoms opposite the C atoms in the parent cage molecule. The site of photodissociation of hydrogen from semiconducting boron carbide (B10C2 Hx) ﬁlms, fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, is a cage boron atom that can bond to nitrogen upon exposure to VUV light in the presence of NH3. Shifts in core level binding energies due to nitrogen bond formation indicate that B-N bond formation occurs only at B atoms bound to other boron atoms (B-B sites) and not at B-C sites or at C sites, in agreement with gas phase results.
Understanding of Hypo- and Hyperglycemia by Youngsters with Diabetes and Their Parents

On a demande a cinquante neuf jeunes patients avec diabete insulinodependant et a cinquante de leurs parents s'ils pouvaient ou non detecter l'hyperglycemie et l'hypoglycemie. Ils ont ensuite identifie sur une liste de symptomes presentes en desordre les symptomes qu'ils utilisaient pour reconnaitre chacun des deux etats. Les patients et les parents ont egalement donne une appreciation chiffree de leur evaluation subjective de la glycemie et des symptomes concomitants
Good outcome is possible after months of refractory convulsive status epilepticus: lesson learned.

Summary Determining a prognosis for functional recovery after prolonged status epilepticus can be difficult. Prior case studies have shown that despite seizure control, functional outcomes are typically poor unless a reversible cause is identified. Herein we present a case of idiopathic status epilepticus with a surprisingly good outcome after a 125-day drug-induced coma.
Integrated Separation Columns and Fabry-Perot Sensors for Microgas Chromatography Systems

We developed a monolithic subsystem that integrates a microgas chromatography (μGC) separation column and on-column, nondestructive Fabry-Perot (FP) vapor sensors on a single silicon chip. The device was fabricated using deep reactive ion etching of silicon to create fluidic channels and polymers were deposited on the same silicon chip to act as a stationary phase or an FP sensor, thus avoiding dead volumes caused by the interconnects between the column and sensor traditionally used in μGC. Two integration designs were studied. In the first design, a 25-cm long μGC column was coated with a layer of polymer that served as both the stationary phase and the FP sensor, which has the greatest level of integration. This design was capable of sub-second response times and detection limits under 10 ng. In the second design, an FP sensor array spray coated with different vapor sensing polymers was integrated with a 30-cm long μGC column, which significantly improves the system flexibility and detection sensitivity. With this design, we show that the FP sensors have a detection limit on the order of tens of picograms or ~500 ppb with a sub-second response time. Furthermore, the FP sensor array are shown to respond to a mixture of analytes separated by the integrated separation channel, allowing for the construction of response patterns, which, along with retention time, can be used as a basis of analyte identification.
The Temporal Reference of the English Futurate

There are two closely-related ways of talking about the future in English, the will-future and the futurate. The constructions are not interchangeable, because the futurate involves some kind of plan, schedule, control, or pattern of events, while the will-future is not so restricted. This restriction on the futurate is familiar and has been discussed by grammarians at least since Jespersen 1931. Less familiarly, the futurate does not fit neatly into a general syntactic-semantic account of temporal reference in English: neither adverbial nor aspectual forms play their characteristic roles in this construction. Because it is problematic, the futurate is of some interest for the study of temporal reference. Particularly interesting are the truth-conditional and presentational variations of aspect. The futurate in a general account of temporal reference is the specific topic of this paper.
Estimation of non-stationary Markov Chain transition models

Many decision systems rely on a precisely known Markov Chain model to guarantee optimal performance, and this paper considers the online estimation of unknown, non-stationary Markov Chain transition models with perfect state observation. In using a prior Dirichlet distribution on the uncertain rows, we derive a mean-variance equivalent of the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. This recursive mean-variance estimator extends previous methods that recompute the moments at each time step using observed transition counts. It is shown that this mean-variance estimator responds slowly to changes in transition models (especially switching models) and a modification that uses ideas of pseudonoise addition from classical filtering is used to speed up the response of the estimator. This new, discounted mean-variance estimator has the intuitive interpretation of fading previous observations and provides a link to fading techniques used in Hidden Markov Model estimation. Our new estimation techniques is both faster and has reduced error than alternative estimation techniques, such as finite memory estimators.
Amygdala network dysfunction in late-life depression phenotypes: Relationships with symptom dimensions

The amygdala, a crucial hub of the emotional processing neural system, has been implicated in late-life depression (LLD) pathophysiology. However, the overlapping and diverging amygdala network function abnormalities underlying two clinical LLD phenotypes (i.e., LLD alone and LLD with mild cognitive impairment [LLD-MCI]) are unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the amygdala functional connectivity (FC) differences between LLD alone, LLD-MCI and healthy controls, and to examine the relationships between amygdala network dysfunction and symptom dimensions. A resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study was conducted to probe amygdala FC in a total of 63 elderly participants (LLD [n = 22], LLD-MCI [n = 15], and age- and gender-equated healthy older adults [n = 26]) using a seed-based voxelwise R-fcMRI approach. LLD-only adults showed increased FC in the posterior default mode and vermis, and diminished connections in the fronto-parietal, salience and temporal areas, relative to controls. The LLD-MCI participants showed diminished FC in the default mode, cognitive control, salience and visual regions, whereas increased FC was limited to lateral parietal cortex compared with healthy controls. The LLD-MCI group also showed diminished FC in the occipital and posterior default mode areas, relative to the LLD-only group. Distinct amygdala FC abnormalities that explain depressive and anxiety symptom severity, and executive functioning were identified. The amygdala FC impairments may distinguish LLD phenotypes. These functional network abnormalities may also explain the heterogeneity seen in the LLD clinical presentations.
Air Entrainment and Segregation in Powder Flows

A finite element code based on the distributed Lagrange multiplier/method (DLM) is used to study the motion of flowing powders in the regime where the aerodynamic forces are important. In our implementation of the DLM method the air-particle system is treated implicitly by using a combined weak formulation in which the forces and moments between the particles and fluid cancel, as they are internal to the combined system. The governing Navier-Stokes equations are solved everywhere in the domain, including inside the particles. The flow inside the particles is forced to be a rigid body motion using a distributed Lagrange method. The direct numerical simulations show that the aerodynamic forces are important in determining the flow properties of powders with particles of size of the order of 1000 μm or smaller. Specifically, we find that when a granular system slides downwards inside a closed channel inclined at 60° to the horizontal the particles on the surface are lifted away by the aerodynamic forces which causes a partial blockage of the channel. The back flow of the air is hindered and an adverse pressure gradient develops in the channel that decelerates the downward motion of the powder. The adverse pressure gradient, in fact, is so strong that the magnitude of downward velocity of the center of mass decreases during the time interval for which the channel is partially blocked. We also find that when all particles are of the same density the aerodynamic forces enhance mixing. In a mixture containing particles of two different densities, on the other hand, the aerodynamic forces cause segregation.
Assessing in situ rates of anaerobic hydrocarbon bioremediation.

Summary Identifying metabolites associated with anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation is a reliable way to garner evidence for the intrinsic bioremediation of problem contaminants. While such metabolites have been detected at numerous sites, the in situ rates of anaerobic hydrocarbon decay remain largely unknown. Yet, realistic rate information is critical for predicting how long individual contaminants will persist and remain environmental threats. Here, single-well push-pull tests were conducted at two fuel-contaminated aquifers to determine the in situ biotransformation rates of a suite of hydrocarbons added as deuterated surrogates, including toluene-d8, o-xylene-d10, m-xylene-d10, ethylbenzene-d5 (or -d10), 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene-d12, 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene- d12, methylcyclohexane-d14 and n-hexane-d14. The formation of deuterated fumarate addition and down- stream metabolites was quantified and found to be somewhat variable among wells in each aquifer, but generally within an order of magnitude. Deuterated metabolites formed in one aquifer at rates that ranged from 3t o 50m gl -1 day -1 , while the comparable rates at another aquifer were slower and ranged from 0.03 to 15 m gl -1 day -1 . An important observation was that the deuterated hydrocarbon surrogates were metabolized in situ within hours or days at both sites, in contrast to many laboratory findings suggesting that long lag periods of weeks to months before the onset of anaerobic biodegradation are typical. It seems clear that highly reduced conditions are not detrimental to the intrinsic bioremediation of fuel-contaminated aquifers.
Synthesis of osmium and ruthenium complexes bearing dimethyl (S,S)-2,2′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)-bis-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-carboxylate) ligand and application to catalytic H/D exchange

Using tridentate, neutral PyBox ligands, several new osmium and ruthenium complexes [M(PyBox)Cl_(2)(C_(2)H_(4)), where M = Ru, Os] have been prepared, all thermally stable. Some of these PyBox compounds are active for C–H activation of benzene. The Os(PyBox)Cl_(2)(C_(2)H_(4) complex was characterized by X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations (B3LYP and M06 including Poisson–Boltzmann solvation) corroborate that the Os/PyBox complex in acetic acid (ΔG‡ = 32.0 kcal/mol) is more reactive for benzene C–H activation than Ru/PyBox in basic conditions (ΔG‡ = 34.8 kcal/mol at pH = 13). The stability of hydroxide- and chloride-bridged dinuclear resting states determines calculated barriers.
Anderson receives 2001 Bowen Award

Alfred T. Anderson, Jr. received the Bowen Award, presented by the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section at the 2001 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, California, last December.
Psychosocial aspects of bone marrow transplantation

Abstract The wider application of marrow transplantation to a variety of diseases has resulted in more patients undergoing BMT and living for longer periods.16 Further research is needed to document the variety of psychosocial factors that influence patients' adaptation to the entire transplantation process. Nurse clinicians and researchers can play a central role in designing and conducting this research. Comprehensive nursing care for marrow transplantation patients and their families is based on an understanding of both the physiologic and psychosocial aspects of transplantation.
Performance Measurement and Cost Accounting: Are They Complementary or Competing Systems of Control?

In the public administration literature, research on performance measurement has recognized the important place of cost accounting in relation to performance. Extant research, such as the North Carolina Benchmarking Program, supports the proposition that performance and cost accounting naturally complement each other to increase trust in performance information and increase organizational learning. Other statements about cost accounting suggest that performance measurement and cost accounting compete as systems of control. This research uses general cost accounting plan information and performance measurements in the budgets of large U.S. cities to test the competing and complementary control relationship at the organizational and service levels. It finds that performance measurements and cost accounting are negatively related at the service level, which supports the competing control system hypothesis. At the organizational level, performance and cost accounting are positively related but not at traditional levels of significance.
Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF)

Abstract: Laser-induced fluorescence has developed enormously since its inception. Developed first as a spectroscopic method for its own sake, it soon found application in time-resolved investigations reaching into the ultrafast regime. It also was the basis for the development of imaging applications ranging from remote detection to microscopy beyond the diffraction limit.
Laboratory study of the influence of scCO2 injection on metals migration, precipitation, and microbial growth

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) injection on aqueous and solid phase geochemistry, and subsequent changes in permeability. These experiments showed that brine displacement from the Mount Simon Sandstone cores (∼1200 m depth) by scCO2 was inefficient by advection, because the low viscosity scCO2 flows predominantly in larger pores, leaving a significant amount of brine in smaller pores. Acidification caused by scCO2 injection resulted in significant increases in Mg2+, K+, Na+, SO42− Al3+, and silica concentrations are likely from differing rates of carbonate, clay, albite, and K-feldspar dissolution. The mass of precipitates that formed over 1.2 years (NaCl, KCl, lead oxide, and forsterite) was small, as observed by electron microprobe analysis and did not influence permeability. Trace metals that increased during scCO2 injection included Ba, Mn, Sr, Ni, Sn, Bi, Cu, Li, P, and Zn, and trace metals that decreased included Hg, Pb, and Co. The scCO2 injection experiments also showed a moderate amount of particulate (iron oxide) movement correlated with the fraction of scCO2, but the sandstone permeability did not change, even after substantial (i.e., 115 pore volumes) scCO2 injection. Anaerobic and aerobic microbial growth was observed (23 and 14 times, respectively) correlated with higher scCO2 concentration, but the calculated change in pore space occupied by the increase in biomass is insignificant. The small observed geochemical and microbial changes are not expected to reduce the ability to inject scCO2 into the reservoir, but significant increases in trace metal concentrations could magnify the water quality impact of a potential leak of reservoir fluids into an overlying aquifer.
Classification of topological phases in periodically driven interacting systems

We consider topological phases in periodically driven (Floquet) systems exhibiting many-body localization, protected by a symmetry $G$. We argue for a general correspondence between such phases and topological phases of undriven systems protected by symmetry $\mathbb{Z}\ensuremath{\rtimes}G$ where the additional $\mathbb{Z}$ accounts for the discrete time-translation symmetry. Thus, for example, the bosonic phases in $d$ spatial dimensions without intrinsic topological order [symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases] are classified by the cohomology group ${H}^{d+1}[\mathbb{Z}\ensuremath{\rtimes}G,\mathrm{U}(1)]$. For unitary symmetries, we interpret the additional resulting Floquet phases in terms of the lower-dimensional SPT phases that are pumped to the boundary during one time step. These results also imply the existence of novel symmetry-enriched topological (SET) orders protected solely by the periodicity of the drive.
Economic implications of climate change: evidence from agricultural productivity

The increased frequency and severity of drought episodes have characterised the natural environment of the Sahel region in Africa during the past four decades. With little to no mitigation option available to them, countries of the Sahel will face a further deterioration of their economic environment, as an ill-agricultural sector will most likely drag down their whole economies. This paper uses a six-month standardised precipitation index and average temperature during the growing season days to quantify the adverse impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity. I first estimate a Malmquist productivity index and its efficiency and technical change components. I further assess the statistical significance of the indices by estimating confidence intervals around the point estimates using a bootstrap method. In the second stage of the analysis, I model the adverse effects of drought and temperature on agricultural productivity using a probit specification. The findings of this paper point to a dismal agricultural productivity. These findings also highlight the significant cumulative negative impacts of higher temperatures and recurrent droughts on agricultural-based economies.
The Prehistoric Distribution of the Opossum

The opossum, Didelphis marsupialis virginiana Kerr, is widely distributed throughout the eastern United States. It occurs as far north as southern Ontario (Peterson and Downing, 1956). Hamilton (1943) gives its range as including Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, southern Vermont and southern New Hampshire. It does not occur in the Adirondack Mountains nor in the uplands of New England. The opossum has migrated northward within historic times. Along the Atlantic coast the animal was formerly found no further north than the Hudson River Valley. Goodwin (1935) stated that the spread of the opossum into Connecticut took place “within the last twenty years. ” Brayton (1882) wrote that the animal “is not uncommon in central and southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois … the northern portions of these states are not so congenial to it. ” Rhodes (1903), in discussing the distribution of the opossum in Pennsylvania, said: “Variably abundant in middle and southern counties in all situations except in the mountain summits; extending northwards in lessening numbers along …
The importance of anchors.

Recently my son and I were fishing our favorite “local” river, which is actually six hours away from home. The fishing was spectacular and the day very beautiful. We were standing on a large gravel bar, where the water was sweeping almost directly toward the middle of the river from an eddy next
Overview of Collisional Stellar Dynamics

The evolution of young star clusters and associations are driven in part by dynamical processes. In this chapter we introduce key concepts of stellar dynamical processes within young stellar systems and star clusters, especially relevant timescales, equipartition and mass segregation, and the evolution of dynamical systems. We also discuss recent work on the effects of stellar collisions as well as implications for cluster dissolution as a result of the dynamical processes previously described.
Application of Newton’s Zero Order Caustic for Analysis and Measurement: Part III – Light Scattering

When light is incident upon a liquid suspension that has an oblate spheroid shape, the size and presence of particles can be determined by measuring light intensity exiting the sample or by imaging the scattered light using a digital camera. This dual analysis system is facilitated by Newton’s zero order caustic formed within the sample, which creates a region of high intensity light inside the spheroid. Refraction of light exiting the spheroid directs a high percentage of scattered light near the zone of highest incident light intensity, which increases specific turbidity changes with particle size and facilitates analysis of gold nanoparticle plasmon resonance. Images taken with an ordinary digital camera at 90 degrees from the incident light can be analyzed using spatial autocorrelation in order to detect particle size. Original Research Article International Research Journal of Pure & Applied Chemistry, 4(2): 144-158, 2014 145
The Social Desirability Variable in Organizational Research: An Alternative Explanation for Reported Findings

Because questionnaires are quite prevalent in management research, awareness of the effects of social desirability is critical. Data on measures of conflict behavior are presented to illustrate two...
Surface roughness limited contrast to clutter ratios THz medical imaging(Conference Presentation)

The THz electromagnetic properties of rough surface are explored and their effect on the observed contrast in THz images is quantified. Rough surface scatter is a major source of clutter in THz imaging as the rough features of skin and other tissues result in non-trivial reflection signal modulation. Traditional approaches to data collection utilize dielectric windows to flatten surfaces for THz imaging. However, there is substantial interest surrounding window free imaging as contact measurements are not ideal for a range of candidate diseases and injuries. In this work we investigate the variation in reflected signal in the specular direction from rough surfaces targets with known roughness parameters. Signal to clutter ratios are computed and compared with that predicted by Rayleigh Rough surface scattering theory. It is shown that Rayleigh rough surface scattering theory, developed for rough features larger than the interacting wavelength, holds acceptable at THz frequencies with rough features much smaller than the wavelength. Additionally, we present some biological tissue imaging examples to illustrate the impact of rough surface scattering in image quality.
18 INFLIXIMAB REDUCES AORTIC BMP2-MSX2-WNT SIGNALS AND VASCULAR CALCIFICATION IN DIABETIC LDLR−/P− MICE.

Medial artery calcification (MAC) is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and end-stage renal disease (CKD5). Low-grade arterial inflammation is common to both conditions, and elevated levels of TNF-α have been reported in both DM and CKD5. We hypothesized that TNF-α may play a role in the MAC of T2DM. Therefore, we studied the effects of inhibiting TNF-α in male LDLR −/− mice fed high-fat diabetogenic diets (HFD)-a model of T2DM and aortic vascular calcification. Four-week-old LDLR −/− mice were fed either normal mouse chow (CHOW; n = 5), HFD with twice-weekly sc vehicle injection (HFD + VEH; n = 10), or HFD with twice-weekly sc infliximab injection (HFD + INX at 10 mg/kg; n = 10). Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks; serum, aorta, and heart were harvested for analysis. Animals fed an HFD exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperleptinemia, with significantly increased levels of TNF-α; moreover, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, viz., haptoglobin and 8-F isoprostane (IsoP), were concomitantly up-regulated. Injection with infliximab did not prevent HFD-induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, or hyperleptinemia; however, both haptoglobin and IsoP induction were inhibited by infliximab treatment. HFD-induced T2DM up-regulated osteogenic BMP2-Msx2-Wnt signaling in the aorta. Compared with the HFD + VEH group, aortic BMP2-Msx2-Wnt signaling was significantly attenuated in the HFD + INX group, to a level that approximated that of the CHOW animals; aortic BMP2, Msx2, Wnt3a, and Wnt7a were down-regulated by infliximab. Next, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress TNF-α in the vascular smooth muscle of large arteries (SM22-TNF-α transgenics). Compared with wild-type siblings, SM22-TNF-α transgenic mice had marked up-regulation of the ostegonic BMP2, Msx2, Wnt3a, and Wnt7a signals in the aorta. Finally, HFD-induced aortic calcium content was significantly reduced by infliximab treatment (1.44 0.19 vs 1.00 0.07 g calcium/mg dry aortic weight; p = .03, two-tailed t -test). Thus, in this model of T2DM, diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, aortic BMP2-Msx2-Wnt signaling, and vascular calcification are regulated by TNF-α. TNF-α-dependent low-grade vascular inflammation may represent the mechanistic link for the remarkable similarities in phenotype and histopathology of MAC in T2DM and CKD5.