cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-lived deformation in the southern Mississippi Embayment revealed by high-resolution seismic reflection and sub-bottom profiler data

Three high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and two sub-bottom profiler sections acquired along the Mississippi River in southern-Central U.S. image deformation in post-Paleozoic sediments. The northernmost profile images two faults offsetting Cretaceous through at least Eocene Cane River reflectors, interpreted to strike northwest and to be part of the Arkansas River fault zone. The central profile shows a down-to-the-north fault, displacing Cretaceous and Paleocene Midway Group reflectors by ~210 m and ~160 m, respectively. The fault is interpreted as the northern edge fault of the Monroe Uplift, a Late Cretaceous uplift associated with igneous intrusions. The southernmost profile displays a down-to-the-south fault, offsetting Cretaceous and Paleocene-Eocene Wilcox Group reflectors by ~125 m and ~32 m, respectively. Tilted reflectors in the first 80 m indicate Eocene-Oligocene activity of the fault, although Quaternary activity cannot be ruled out. Quaternary tectonic activity is proposed for a series of faults that offset shallow (<40 m depth) Eocene sequences and the base of the Quaternary alluvium as imaged on two sub-bottom profiler sections. These shallow faults are imaged in the vicinity of Holocene earthquake-induced liquefaction fields, corroborating the evidence for recent tectonic activity in the area. The spatial coincidence of the imaged faults with the inferred location of the Alabama-Oklahoma transform strongly argues toward a long-lived influence of this Precambrian continental margin in focusing tectonic activity in the southern U.S. by controlling the reactivation of Triassic-Jurassic syn-rift basement structures and guiding the emplacement of Late Cretaceous igneous intrusions and the location of Cenozoic deformation.
Pressor Effects of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Desoxycorticosterone Acetate (DCA) Weakened by Sodium Withdrawal

Recent findings suggest an important role of the sodium ion, intracellularly deposited by the adrenal mineralocorticoids, as the physicochemical mediator between the pressor actions of the mineralocorticoids and of the adrenosympathogenic neurohormones. The following observations show that the pressor effectiveness of both the pressor neurohormones and desoxycorticosterone acetate depends on the availability of sodium. This supports the theory that vascular pressor responsiveness and tonus is determined jointly by the sodium-depositing corticoids as sensitizers and the adrenosympathogenic neurohormones as the physiologic stimulators of the vascular contractile elements.
The wear behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

Abstract The wear behaviour of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene has been studied using a thrust-washer testing machine. The data are examined in the light of findings of other workers and of clinical results. The wear factor exhibits a maximum at about 500 lb in −2 surface pressure for polyethylene samples tested in water. The use of plasma in place of water does not change the wear factor and this indicates that the wear of polyethylene is not sensitive to the type of liquid environment likely to be encountered in a total joint prosthesis.
Influence of accelerated aging on dielectric properties of extruded Nylon 6 film

Thermal degradation is one major cause of wire aging, increasing the risk of electrical failure. Further, exposure of wire insulation to fluids commonly used on aircraft may also compromise the dielectric performance of wire insulation. In this paper, the dielectric properties of Nylon 6, a common wire insulation material, are investigated under various conditions of accelerated aging. Thermal exposure below the melting point (220 °C) for up to 20 hours was performed on extruded Nylon 6 films, and chemical exposure was conducted for up to 8 days in six fluids: jet fuel, deicing fluid, hydraulic fluid, cleaning fluid, isopropyl alcohol and distilled water. Real permittivity (e') and dissipation factor (D) of aged samples were measured using parallel plate electrodes and an Agilent E4980A LCR meter over frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz in an ambient environment (23 °C). The results show that both e' and D decrease significantly in a short thermal exposure time (1 hour) but do not exhibit significant time dependence in the longer term. The dielectric relaxation of Nylon 6 changes according to the type of fluid in which it is immersed, falling approximately into two classes according to whether or not the fluid is polar in nature. Following immersion in non-polar fluids (hydraulic fluid and jet fuel) the observed change in e' and D is small, whereas large increases in these parameters are observed following exposure to polar fluids: water, isopropanol, cleaning fluid and deicing fluid. Dielectric breakdown strength was observed to reduce dramatically following exposure to polar fluids.
A Metric Measure for Direct Comparison of Competing Models in Covariance Structure Analysis.

Comparing the fit of alternative models has become a standard procedure for analyzing covariance structure analysis. Comparison of alternative models is typically accomplished by examining the fit of each model to sample data. It is argued that rather than using this indirect approach, one should do direct comparisons of the similarities and differences among competing models. It is shown that among the existing good‐ness‐of‐fit indexes, the root mean square residual (RMSR) is the only one that can be used for this purpose. However, the RMSR fails to satisfy some important statistical desiderata. Rao's Distance (RD), an alternate measure, is shown to overcome this limitation of RMSR. The preference for RD over RMSR for model comparisons is illustrated through a detailed analysis of a particular sample of multitrait‐multimethod data. A simulation study conducted to empirically investigate the sampling behavior of RD reveals that the true orderings of intermodel proximities are recovered (on average) with a...
Vasopressin dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a 38 kDa protein in human platelets.

Abstract Arginine vasopressin administration (10−10–10−6 M) to isolated human platelets induces an increase in the specific immunoblotting of a 38 kDa protein revealed by a phosphotyrosine antibody. This signal is biphasic with maximal stimulation within one minute. Neither forskolin (10−5 M) nor phorbol ester (10−6 M) produces a similar 38 kDa signal. The specific immunoblotted signals are competitively abolished by 1 mM phosphotyrosine but not phosphoserine or phosphothreonine. Electrophoretic separation at pH 3.5 of the acid hydrolysates of the 38 kDa proteins reveals a vasopressin dependent increase in levels of phosphotyrosine as well as phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. The 38 kDa phosphorylation is also induced by the specific arginine vasopressin V1 receptor agonist (Phe2Orn8Vastocina) and blocked by the V1 receptor antagonist [desGly(NH2d(CH2)5Tyr(Me) AVPb]. These observations suggest that arginine vasopressin signal transduction may be associated with the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 38 kDa protein.
Modified low density lipoproteins binding requires a lysine cluster region in the murine macrophage scavenger receptor class A type II

Atherosclerosis is a consequence of lipid deposition and foam cell formation in the arterial wall. Macrophage scavenger receptor A II is involved in the uptake of modified low density lipoproteins. It contains an extracellular conserved lysine cluster which has been proposed to form a positively charged groove that interacts with acetylated low density lipoproteins (AcLDL). This study evaluated the role of the murine SRA-II and a lysine mutated SRA-II on AcLDL uptake. Fluorescence labeled AcLDL uptake was quantified using a Laser Scan Cytometer. A significant increase in fluorescence uptake was found in the cells transfected with SRA-II versus those with empty vector. Cells expressing the lysine mutated SRA-II also demonstrated a significant decrease in their uptake of AcLDL. This data supports the concept that the conserved lysine cluster in murine SRA-II is the binding region for AcLDL or contributes to the trimeric structure of SRA-II necessary for AcLDL binding.
Survey of physician practices for community-dwelling agitated dementia patients

In order to gain a better understanding of physician clinical reasoning and clinical practices for community-dwelling agitated dementia patients, we conducted a small survey of geriatric psychiatrists, primary care physicians and neurologists. The survey asked physician respondents to give a likelihood estimate of how often they would carry out one of 13 different pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions. Intervention by specialty group analyses found that geriatric psychiatrists were more likely to recommend neuroleptic medications and dementia support group activities, but less likely to recommend referral to behavioral specialists than the other physician groups. Neurologists were more likely to recommend dementia support groups than primary care physicians, but they were also more likely to recommend institutional placement than the other physician groups. Primary care physicians were more likely to recommend hydroxyzine than either neurologists or geriatric psychiatrists. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses found that older physicians and primary care physicians expressed a lower likelihood of recommending dementia day care programs and a higher likelihood of recommending hydroxyzine. Women physicians, however, expressed a high likelihood of recommending dementia day care programs. The results of the survey suggest that personal and specialty characteristics of physicians influence the types of treatment recommendations made for agitated dementia patients. The results may help community-based dementia care programs to develop strategies that broaden physician involvement in multidisciplinary team management for these patients.
Compressive strength comparison and crystal morphology of dental cements.

Three dental cements were aged as cylindrical specimens in distilled water for periods up to 2 years. Zinc phosphate cement showed no change in compressive strength over the aging time, while glass ionomer and polycarboxylate cements increased in compressive strength. Energy dispersive spectroscopy of the crystalline surface of the zinc phosphate cement samples indicated a wide range of crystalline structures and compositions.
Newer ideas about fertility in patients with testicular cancer

The outlook for fertility among patients who are treated for testicular cancer is one of guarded optimism. Although some of these men are subfertile before the onset of their disease, it is probable that the majority, although temporarily subfertile because of their tumors, have a potential for normal fertility. Lymphadenectomy probably can be performed effectively while preserving ejaculation in most patients. Likewise, the effects of platinum-based chemotherapy appear to be reversible in many patients, and there is hope that spermatogenesis can be protected during chemotherapy by endocrine manipulation. During the next decade, the preservation of fertility will become an increasingly important issue in the management of testicular cancer as investigators consolidate therapeutic gains.
ACTH-independent massive bilateral adrenal disease (AIMBAD): A subtype of Cushing's syndrome with major diagnostic and therapeutic implications

A 49-year-old man with classic manifestations of Cushing's syndrome had undetectable levels of ACTH, lack of suppression of hypercortisolism with dexamethasone in doses of 2, 8, or 16 mg per day, bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands on MRI, and bilateral adrenal uptake of iodocholesterol. Preoperative treatment with ketoconazole lowered blood pressure and serum cortisol and produced symptoms of steroid withdrawal. Bilateral adrenalectomy revealed massively enlarged adrenal glands (left: 199 g, right: 93 g). Sequencing of the gene encoding the stimulatory G protein, GS alpha, did not show either of two activating mutations previously reported in patients with McCune-Albright syndrome or acromegaly. Twenty-three previous cases of Cushing's syndrome due to ACTH-independent massive bilateral adrenal disease (AIMBAD) have been reported. AIMBAD may cause confusion in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome as endocrine testing suggests a unilateral, ACTH-independent process while adrenal imaging demonstrates bilateral abnormalities. Bilateral adrenalectomy is curative and appears to carry little risk of Nelson's syndrome. The pathogenesis of AIMBAD appears to be heterogeneous, as recent reports have demonstrated GIP-mediated hypercortisolism and familial AIMBAD. Transition from Cushing's disease to ACTH-independence is not supported by the available data. Future cases of AIMBAD should be investigated carefully to further elucidate the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Masses and mixing angles in the SU(5) gauge model

Abstract We obtain Georgi and Jarlskog mass relations m μ m e = 9m s m d , m b = m τ above the grand unification mass M = 10 15 GeV with two 5 's and one 45 Higgs representations of SU(5) and a discrete symmetry. In the lowest order, the Kobayashi-Maskawa angles are found to be s 2 = −( m c m t ) 1 2 and s 3 = − ( m u m t ) 1 2 /s 1 , where s 1 is the sine of the Cabibbo angle. CP violation is considered and the b-quark decays predominantly into c-quarks with a lifetime of τ b ≈ 10 −13 s for m t = 25 GeV.
Optimization of electrode configuration in surface-parallel actuated deformable mirrors

Thin, lightweight and low-cost deformable mirrors have been recently proposed, providing a pertinent device for wavefront error correction. We present different approaches to optimize actuator arrangement. The design is optimized according to a given correction requirement, through the number of electrodes, their shape and location. A first method focuses on the compensation of a given optical aberration (astigmatism). A second method directly optimizes the correction of a set of optical modes, taking into account the voltage limitation. We will describe the optimization techniques and give some examples of applications and design performance.
INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION: A CASE STUDY OF CHILEAN SALMON AQUACULTURE

Over the past two decades aquaculture has emerged as the preeminent source of salmon. The development and evolution of salmon aquaculture in Chile illustrates changes that have taken place to a greater or lesser extent in other salmon producing regions. Although initially comprised of small independent firms with heavy reliance on foreign technology and production inputs, the Chilean salmon aquaculture industry has evolved into a horizontally and vertically integrated complex of interdependent suppliers, producers, processors, distributors, and supporting entities. The structure and organization of industries evolve over time in response to changes in the price and availability of inputs, changes in the demand for outputs and output attributes, and changes in technology. The growing demand for traceability and assurance is a change in the demand for credence attributes. Firms that are able to organize to provide traceability and assurance at low cost will, ceteris paribus, have an advantage.
The superconductivity of BCC UZr alloys

Abstract Single-phase, simple BCC structure, solid solution UZr alloys were obtained by a rapid-quench-from-melt technique. Compositions range from 25 to 80 atomic percent Zr. Lattice parameters, atomic volumes and superconducting transition temperatures (between 0.6 K and 1.3 K) are reported. The interatomic spacing is less in the simple BCC structure than it would be in a close-packed structure. A criterion is suggested for U to be completely nonmagnetic with superconductivity possible, undepressed by localized state effects, in solid solution alloys.
Photonic band structure of two-dimensional systems: The triangular lattice

By the use of a position-dependent dielectric constant and the plane-wave method, we have calculated the photonic band structure for electromagnetic waves in a structure consisting of a periodic array of parallel dielectric rods of circular cross section, whose intersections with a perpendicular plane form a triangular lattice. The rods are embedded in a background medium with a different dielectric constant. The electromagnetic waves are assumed to propagate in a plane perpendicular to the rods, and two polarizations of the waves are considered. Absolute gaps in the resulting band structures are found for waves of both polarizations, and the dependence of the widths of these gaps on the ratio of the dielectric constants of the rods and of the background, and on the fraction of the total volume occupied by the rods, is investigated.
The suspension feeding mechanism of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus

Larval lampreys (ammocoetes) feed by trapping small, water-borne particles in mucus within the pharynx. Details of the feeding mechanism were studied; specifically, the morphology of feeding structures, the flow pattern of food-containing water through the pharynx, and the food entrapment process per se. Pharyngeal morphology was studied in ammocoetes of several genera through both gross dissection and histochemistry (Alcian blue and PAS). In all genera, dense accumulations of goblet cells were found to occupy the most lateral parts of the pharynx. These cells are of two types, secreting an acidic and neutral (at pH 2.5) mucus, respectively. Similarities in pharyngeal pumping movements and in pharyngeal morphology indicate that ammocoetes ventilate like other fish, with a dual pharyngeal pump providing a basically unidirectional, lateral flow of water across the gills. Ammocoete ventilation is unusual, however, in that a small amount of water is sucked back into the pharynx through the gill pores during the inspiratory phase of each ventilatory cycle. The entrapment process was investigated in Petromyzon marinus by dissecting the pharynges of feeding animals killed by electric shock. The pharynges contained a series of mucous tributaries, one occupying each gill pouch. An experiment in which the lateral parts of the tributaries were labelled indicate the tributaries move continually inward to a central, longitudinal mucous cord. The latter in turn moves postcriorly to the oesophagus. The mucus is constantly produced by the goblet cells at the lateral sites of origin of the flowing complex. Suspended food particles are trapped all along this mass, although larger particles preferentially are trapped medially. The complex seems to be propelled by ciliary action, for intrapharyngeal ciliary tracts are associated with moving portions of the complex. Ventilatory water currents also may help move the mucous complex. Particles are aggregated, and mucus is condensed, in the lateral parts of the complex. The subpharyngeal gland (endostyle) secretes digestive enzymes into the condensed central portion. Because the endostyle is situated medially and the feeding mucus complex originates laterally, the former does not seem to be the source of the latter. This is contrary to common view. Consistent with this concept of the feeding mechanism is the fact that all structures implicated in larval feeding are absent from the adult pharynx, which is not involved in suspension feeding. Paradoxically, pharyngeal goblet cells are retained until the final stages of metamorphosis, well beyond the stage at which suspension feeding ceases. Morphological similarity suggests that ammoetes of all three lamprey families feed similarly. Whether suspension feeding was the ancestral vertebrate feeding mode is assessed through comparing the feeding mechanisms of ammocoetes and protochordates (Branchiostoma). Although differences exist, similarities in the locations of (a) branchial mucous cells and, (b) ciliary tracts involved in feeding, favour the claim for common ancestry.
Integrated Aeroelastic Control Optimization of Laminated Composite Lifting Surfaces

An integrated design approach for aeroelastic control of laminated composite lifting surfaces is formulated and demonstrated. The design is posed as an optimization problem to determine the optimum ply orientation angles and the control law which maximizes the aeroelastic instability speed of an actively controlled laminated composite lifting surface subject to limited control authority and structural frequency constraints. The lifting surface is simulated by a rectangular symmetric cantilevered composite plate. The formulation incorporates the Rayleigh-Ritz energy method, two-dimensional incompressible unsteady aerodynamic theory, optimum control design, and parameter optimization techniques. The particular control configuration consists of two point-force inputs applied at the leading and trailing edges of the lifting surface. In conjunction with the laminated compositeplate structural model, the control configuration effectively simulates an active flexible lifting surface. The effectiveness of the integrated approach is evaluated by comparing the optimum designs obtained by the method with designs obtained by a design procedure using aeroelastic tailoring and optimum control design as well but in a nonintegrated fashion. The illustrative studies resulted in a design that exhibited 102% higher aeroelastic instability speed with 294.4% lower control cost than designs obtained by a nonintegrated design procedure.
Compressive properties of interface-containing Cu–Fe nano-pillars

We report a focused-ion-beam-less fabrication route for producing 100 nm-diameter bi-material nano-pillars comprising single crystalline ~ -oriented Fe and ~ -oriented Cu. Uniaxial compression tests revealed that these pillars exhibit strengths around 1 GPa, without failure at the Cu–Fe interface. The pillars represent a prototyped metal–matrix nano-composite with highly controllable microstructure, high strengths, and strong metal–metal interfaces. The isolation and engineering of a single interface in a single pillar allow for fundamental insights gained into their deformation mechanisms.
Characterization of the reactive and dissociative behavior of transition metal oxide cluster ions in the gas phase.

The reactive and dissociative behavior of molybdenum and tungsten oxide cluster ions has been studied in the gas phase using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Cluster ions (MO3)n− were formed via a simple thermal desorption/electron capture negative ionization method, and their structures were characterized by collision-activated dissociation (CAD). Typically, the clusters fragment by losses of neutral (MO3) units. Reactions of the oxide cluster ions with ethylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, ethylene sulfide cyclohexene sulfide, 2,3-butanedione, and 2,4-pentanedione were examined, and product ions were characterized by CAD. The clusters react with ethylene oxide by addition of ethylene oxide or net addition of oxygen, whereas the clusters react with ethylene sulfide via net addition of one or two sulfur atoms. Reactions of the clusters with the diones result in addition of one or two dione units, in some cases with dehydration.
An experimental study of turbulence intensities and non-uniformities in the exit flow from a porous combustor

In this study, experiments were performed on a two-section porous burner operated on propane and air. The burner consisted of an upstream section of reticulated yttria stabilized zirconia with 23.6 pores per centimeter (ppc) followed by a downstream section of 3.9 ppc, composed of the same material. The velocity and turbulence intensity of the exit flow for reacting and non-reacting conditions were measured. The velocity profiles for both reacting and non-reacting flow were very non-uniform. The turbulence intensity for the reacting flow increased with distance due to turbulence created by the non-uniformities. Blow-off occurred first on one side of the burner, but otherwise the flame in this burner was stable.
An approach to the serodiagnosis of human lung cancer. Cell culture lines reactive as antigens with tumor patients' sera

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique was used to quantitate antigen-antibody reactions between various human cell lines and lung cancer patients' sera. Four human fetal lung cell lines and four human tumor cell lines were more or less reactive as antigens. Failure to obtain exact correspondence between reactions with these cell lines indicates that more than one antigen may be required for detecting specific antibodies to the various lung tumor types. These results suggest that serum antibody detection might be a feasible approach to the immunodiagnosis of lung cancer at stages when the tumor masses are relatively small.
An Analysis of the Interactions of BSA with an Anion-Exchange Surface Under Linear and Non-Linear Conditions

The interactions of BSA with an anion-exchange adsorbent have been studied to aid in the understanding of protein adsorption in ion-exchange chromatography. Linear chromatography, flow microcalorimetry and isotherm measurements were used to analyze adsorption energetics in the linear and overloaded regions of the equilibrium isotherm. The effects of salt type, salt and protein concentration, and temperature are reported. It was observed that under all conditions studied the adsorption process was entropically driven. This was contrary to expectations, since at the pH selected ion exchange is expected to dominate. A major driving force for the adsorption of BSA on the anion exchanger was concluded to be the increase in entropy from the release of water due to interactions between hydrophobic regions on the protein and adsorbent. The data further suggest that the conformational entropy change accompanying protein adsorption on the ion exchanger may also be significant.
Structural phase transition of germanium under uniaxial stress: An ab initio study

An ab initio--constant pressure technique is applied to study the pressure-induced phase transition of germanium under uniaxial and hydrostatic stresses. The method successfully reproduces a first order phase transition from the diamond structure to a $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Sn structure with the application of hydrostatic pressure. The simulations reveal that the uniaxially compressed germanium also undergoes similar phase transition via an intermediate state having a space group of $I{4}_{1}∕\mathit{amd}$. The transition pressure is significantly lowered for the uniaxial case, and the physical origin of which is associated with bond bending. The computed Poisson ratio of germanium agrees with experiments.
Bloom's syndrome. XIX. Cytogenetic and population evidence for genetic heterogeneity

Cells with abnormally high rates of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) are uniquely characteristic of Bloom's syndrome (BS). However, in one in five persons a minor population of cells with a low-SCE phenotype circulates in the blood. The origin and significance of the low-SCE cells in BS have never been understood, although they are assumed to arise by somatic mutation. In the present investigation, the enigmatic high-SCE/low-SCE mosaicism was investigated by comparing the incidence in several subpopulations of persons in the Bloom's Syndrome Registry who exhibit the two types of cells, and a striking negative correlation emerged: in persons with BS whose parents share a common ancestor, the case in approximately half of registered persons, low-SCE cells are found only rarely; conversely, the mosaicism occurs almost exclusively in persons with BS whose parents are not known to share a common ancestor. Because those who share a common ancestor are predominantly homozygous-by-descent at the mutated BS locus, the negative correlation is interpreted to mean that the emergence of low-SCE cells in BS in some way depends on the pre-existence of compound heterozygosity. A corollary to this is that BS is genetically heterogeneous.
An APFIM/TEM study of crept model NiMoTaAl superalloys

The influence of initial microstructure and Mo composition on the high-temperature creep behaviour of two crept model Ni-x at.%Mo-2.0 at.%Ta-13.7 at.%Al(x = 8.7 and 9.2 at.%) superalloys has been investigated by the techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). Acicular δ phase precipitates of approximate stoichiometry NiMo have been observed by TEM and APFIM in both alloys. However, a marked difference in γ′ morphology is observed between the alloys due to different initial microstructures. Small variations in the initial morphologies of the γ′ microstructure rather than Mo composition play a significant role in affecting creep strength in this alloy system.
The relationship between sudden changes in weather and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract An analysis of the relationship between the sudden changes in weather and the onset of cases of acute myocardial infarction was made in three Dallas hospitals, comprising a series of 1,386 patients admitted during a five-year period from 1946 to 1951. An increased frequency of occurrence of acute myocardial infarction was noted during periods of sudden inflows of polar and of tropical air masses. It appears from the present study that sudden meteorologic changes exert an adverse effect on patients with coronary artery disease.
The colocalization of substance P and prodynorphin immunoreactivity in neurons of the medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial nucleus of the amygdala of the Syrian hamster.

Abstract To determine the extent of colocalization of substance P (SP) and prodynorphin peptides within neurons of the medial nucleus of the amygdala (AMe), medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTm) and medial preoptic area (MPOA), we incubated colchicine-treated Syrian hamster brain tissue in an antiserum mixture containing rat anti-SP antibody combined with 1 of 3 rabbit antibodies against prodynorphin peptides: anti-dynorphin A(1–17), anti-dynorphin B(1–13) or anti-C-peptide. This was followed by incubation in a secondary antiserum mixture containing fluorescein-labelled anti-rabbit and rhodamine-labelled anti-rat antibodies. Sections were viewed with an epifluorescence microscope using blue light excitation for fluorescein and green light excitation for rhodamine. Colocalization of SP and prodynorphin labelling was observed in neurons of the caudal parts of AMe, BNSTm and MPOA, areas which are essential for male mating behavior. The colocalization was most extensive in the dorsolateral part of the caudal MPOA, the caudodorsal part of the BNSTm, and in the posterodorsal subdivision of AMe. Although all 3 dynorphin peptides coexisted with SP in these areas, dynorphin B did so less than C-peptide, and dynorphin A less than dynorphin B.
Liquid chromatographic determination of organic acids used as pharmaceutical counterions

The determination of counterions in pharmaceutical salts requires good precision but less than optimal sensitivity. A simple, inexpensive system with direct sample preparation has been developed for this application. A silica-based amine liquid chromatographic column is used with a conductivity detector to separate and quantitate methanesulfonic acid without the use of an ion suppression device. Precision for sample analyses was 1−3% RSD, which was adequate for counterion quantitation. To gain a clear understanding of the parameters controlling retention and detection, four dicarboxylic acids were chromatographed on the system using mobile phases with various pH, ionic strength, and organic levels. The effects of ionic strength and pH on retention and elution order of the probe acids can be predicted when the effective charge of the acids and the elution strength of the buffer are considered. Mobile phase pH also induces changes in the stationary phase. Hydrophobic effects, observed when ionization of eit...
Some Tests of the “Migration Hypothesis” for Anadromous Dolly Varden (Southern Form)

Abstract Some aspects of a previously described migratory paradigm for the southern form of anadromous Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma were investigated with seven 3-year mark–recapture experiments on fish that used lakes in eight watersheds as their winter residence. Weirs on Kodiak Island, around Prince William Sound, and near Juneau, Alaska, were used to capture Dolly Varden as they emigrated to the sea each spring. Dolly Varden (≥200 mm fork length) were individually marked during the first year of each experiment (1989 or 1990), and log-linear models of their capture histories were used to estimate probabilities of capture during the second year (1990 or 1991). Our observations on timing of spring emigration and dispersal of Dolly Varden at sea confirm observations from earlier studies. Our results support the paradigm that Dolly Varden home to the same lacustrine watershed when overwintering in fresh water, as more than 98% of the recaptured fish did so. Our results contradicted the paradigm that Doll...
Pediatrics: Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill children.

Intensive insulin therapy to maintain tight glucose control is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in adult patients hospitalized with critical illnesses. Can the same rationale also be applied to critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive-care unit?
Molecular dynamics simulations of electron-ion temperature equilibration in an SF6 plasma.

We use classical molecular dynamics to investigate electron-ion temperature equilibration in a two-temperature SF{sub 6} plasma. We choose a density of 1.0x10{sup 19}SF{sub 6} molecules per cm{sup 3} and initial temperatures of T{sub e}=100 eV and T{sub S}=T{sub F}=15 eV, in accordance with experiments currently underway at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Our computed relaxation time lies between two oft-used variants of the Landau-Spitzer relaxation formula which invoke static screening. Discrepancies are also found when comparing to the predictions made by more recent theoretical approaches. These differences should be large enough to be measured in the upcoming experiments.
A margin–based approach to vehicle threat assessment

In this paper we propose a novel approach to the threat assessment problem for Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and autonomous navigation decision making support. This threat assessment is based on estimation of the control margin afforded to a vehicle and is performed in a multi–threat framework. Given sensor information available about the surrounding environment, an algorithm first identifies corridors of travel through which the vehicle can safely navigate. The second stage then assesses the threat posed to the vehicle in each identified corridor via a metric associated with available control margin. For this purpose, the corridors are approximated by sets of trajectories generated from a lattice sampled in the vehicle's input space. The level of threat can then serve to influence autonomous navigation as an input to a decision–making layer. It also potentially allows a semi–autonomous control system to honour driver intent while ensuring safe and robust navigation in hazardous events. The benefit of such an approach is compared to common threat metrics in canonical scenarios. The method is also applied to the multi–lane road environment of highway navigation by post processing human driving data gathered from a simulator.
Magnetic properties of superlattices formed from ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials.

We present theoretical studies of basic magnetic response characteristics of superlattice structures formed from alternating layers of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials, each described through use of a localized spin model. The geometry explored here is one in which the antiferromagnet consists of sheets parallel to each interface within which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically. The study of the classical (mean-field) ground state as a function of magnetic field shows that a sequence of spin-reorientation transitions occur, particularly for superlattices within which the antiferromagnetic constituent consists of an even number of layers. For the various phases, we present calculations of the spin-wave spectrum, and also the infrared absorption spectrum.
The many uses of autophagosomes

Autophagy has emerged as a significant innate immune response to pathogens. Typically, autophagosomes deliver their contents to lysosomes for degradation. Some pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium succumb to autophagy and are transported to lysosomes for degradation. Yet, many professional pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila and Burkholderia cenocepacia, subvert this pathway exploiting autophagy to their advantage.
ConfChem Conference on Case-Based Studies in Chemical Education: Chemistry of Pompeii and Herculaneum-A Case Study Course in Chemistry at the Interface of Ancient Technology and Archeological Conservation

The ancient cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were frozen in time during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius on August 24, 79 CE. Preserved underground for nearly two thousand years, they provide a wealth of information about the history, technology, and culture of the Roman people, as well as a unique opportunity for chemical educators to teach chemistry through real-world examples that connect chemistry to ancient art, history, and technology. This course was developed as an elective for nonscience majors, to satisfy three science or liberal arts credits. The course is organized as a "guided virtual tour" of the ancient cities involving "stops" at specific sites or buildings where chemical concepts can be introduced. These sites, which can be located on maps of the cities, involve outdoor bronze sculptures; pigment and glass factories; houses with faded or unfinished wall paintings; dyeing and laundry shops; oil, perfume, and soap businesses; and reconstructed dye gardens. In this communication we discuss briefly the course content and classroom management and present some examples of the case studies developed.
Effect of liquid layering at the liquid–solid interface on thermal transport

Abstract Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in which a temperature gradient is imposed, we study how the ordering of the liquid at the liquid–solid interface affects the interfacial thermal resistance. Our simulations of a simple monoatomic liquid show no effect on the thermal transport either normal to the surface or parallel to the surface. Even for of a liquid that is highly confined between two solids, we find no effect on thermal conductivity. This contrasts with well-known significant effect of confinement on the viscoelastic response. Our findings suggest that the experimentally observed large enhancement of thermal conductivity in suspensions of solid nanosized particles (nanofluids) can not be explained by altered thermal transport properties of the layered liquid.
The Evolution of Cooperation

Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease.
SOLVATED ELECTRON SPECTRUM IN IRRADIATED ICE.

RECENT pulse radiolytic studies on transparent samples of ice have demonstrated the existence of three transient optical absorptions which have been assigned to the solvated electron1,2, es−, the hydroxyl radical2, OH·, and the hydroperoxy radical2, HO2·. Particular attention has been paid to the influence of temperature on their spectral, yield and kinetic characteristics. For e-, as the temperature is decreased, λmax shifts to shorter wavelengths, the yield decreases, and the lifetime increases. These observations indicated that an ice sample highly irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays at 77° K might show a stable, low yield es− having an absorption maximum at about 6300 A.
Hyperkalemia with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy

In a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a progressive increase in the serum potassium concentration occurred with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In this patient, factors known to alter transcellular potassium shifts to induce hyperkalemia were not present. There was no evidence of glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid insufficiency at the time of hyperkalemia, while the transtubular potassium gradient decreased. The hyperkalemia resolved spontaneously on discontinuation of TMP-SMX therapy, suggesting that this electrolyte abnormality is related to altered renal tubular secretion of potassium as a consequence of the high-dose TMP-SMX therapy.
Preparation of proton-conducting composite membranes from sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and polyacrylonitrile

Novel composite polymer membranes for fuel-cell applications were prepared by solution blending sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in DMF and heating under nitrogen at 380 °C. The incorporation of PAN into sPEEK membranes significantly reduced the swelling in hot water and decreased methanol permeability of the membranes. An optimum ratio of sPEEK and PAN for proton conductivity was found making this system competitive to that of Nafion membranes at room temperature. As a result, for polymer electrolytes, sPEEK/PAN composite membranes offer a possible low-cost alternative to Nafion membranes.
Effect on bone health of estrogen preparations in premenopausal women with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Objective: Because estrogen therapies are widely prescribed for amenorrhea associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to estimate the influence of estrogen preparations (EP) on bone mineral density in women with AN. Method: Prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of EP use to no treatment or placebo on bone mineral density and bone fractures were included. Independent reviewers selected studies for inclusion and extracted study characteristics, markers of methodologic quality, and outcomes for the intention-to-treat population. Results: Using random-effects meta-analyses and inconsistency across trials using the I2 statistic, data were combined across two eligible prospective cohort studies and four RCTs; none reported effects on bone fractures. Compared with placebo or no treatment, low quality evidence found EPs have a moderate effect on bone mineral density in the lumbar spine [ES (effect size) 0.33, 95% CI (confidence interval) 0.09, 0.56; I2 = 0%)], but no significant effect on the femoral neck (ES 0.13, 95% CI −0.16, 0.43; I2 = 0%). There were no significant treatment-subgroup interactions. Discussion: In general, EPs have uncertain benefit and should be avoided by women with AN in whom the success of weight and nutritional rehabilitation is judged by menses resumption. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Generation and measurement of ultrashort pulses from the Stanford Superconducting Accelerator free-electron laser

We present results of frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) measurements on the superconducting accelerator (SCA) mid-IR free-electron laser (FEL) at Stanford University. FROG retrieves complete amplitude and phase content of an optical pulse. First, we review the properties of FELs including the ability to tune wavelength and pulse length. In addition, the electron beam driving the FEL often affects the optical pulse shape. The SCA mid-IR FEL currently operates at wavelengths between 4 micrometers and 10 micrometers and its pulse length can be varied from 700 fs to 2 ps. We then describe details of the experimental layout and procedures particular to FELs and to the mid-IR. Finally, we show FROG measurements on the FEL including examples of nearly transform limited pulses, frequency chirped pulses, and pulses distorted by atmospheric water vapor absorption.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nude Recreation in the U. S.: An Empirical Investigation

ABSTRACT A study was conducted among major nude recreation facilities in the United States to develop a profile of patrons and assess their overall attitudes toward this form of recreation. Structured questionnaires were administered in 10 randomly selected facilities around the country and filled out by patrons in these facilities. Overall, 422 complete questionnaires were received for analysis purposes. Findings revealed that nearly 35 percent of the respondents visited nude recreation facilities at least once every two weeks and almost half of them visited at least once a week. The findings show that nude recreation is a favored form of recreation among the respondents. The study also shows that individuals who engage in nude recreation are, for the most part, Middle and Upper-Middle class Caucasians who are well educated, fun-loving, family-oriented, physically and emotionally healthy people. As the general public becomes more accepting of nude recreation, marketers should give more consideration to t...
Solitary Confinement and Risk of Self-Harm Among Jail Inmates

Objectives. We sought to better understand acts of self-harm among inmates in correctional institutions.Methods. We analyzed data from medical records on 244 699 incarcerations in the New York City jail system from January 1, 2010, through January 31, 2013.Results. In 1303 (0.05%) of these incarcerations, 2182 acts of self-harm were committed, (103 potentially fatal and 7 fatal). Although only 7.3% of admissions included any solitary confinement, 53.3% of acts of self-harm and 45.0% of acts of potentially fatal self-harm occurred within this group. After we controlled for gender, age, race/ethnicity, serious mental illness, and length of stay, we found self-harm to be associated significantly with being in solitary confinement at least once, serious mental illness, being aged 18 years or younger, and being Latino or White, regardless of gender.Conclusions. These self-harm predictors are consistent with our clinical impressions as jail health service managers. Because of this concern, the New York City jai...
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in horses

Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are a family of essential fatty acids with many biological activities. These fatty acids are incorporated into cell membranes, changing their structural and functional characteristics. N-3 PUFA can act by modulating inflammatory responses at different levels. Omega-3 PUFA can be converted in the body to longer-chain n-3 PUFA at a limited rate and are differently converted in body systems. It appears that when specific longer-chain n-3 PUFA are desired these need to be supplemented directly in the diet. In different species some evidence indicates a potential effect on improving insulin sensitivity. Recently, a novel class of n-3 PUFA-derived anti-inflammatory mediators have been recognized, termed E-series and D-series resolvins, formed from EPA and DHA, respectively. N-3 PUFA derived resolvins and protectins are heavily involved in the resolution of inflammation. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in horses may help manage chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, equine metabolic syndrome, laminitis, and thereby help to improve longevity of sport horse.