cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress and diagnostic subgroups of temporomandibular disorder patients.

Abstract This study examined the nature and extent of psychological differences among diagnostic subgroups of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Three subgroups were identified and labeled as: 1. (1) primary myalgia, 2. (2) primary temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, or 3. (3) combination myalgia and TMJ problems. Patients' (n = 112) levels of pain and distress were measured using a VAS pain scale, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Scale and the MMPI. Patients with primary myalgia had the highest scores on the pain and distress measures while patients in the combination group scored between the myalgia and TMJ problem subgroups. When differences in pain levels were controlled, the differences among groups on measures of anxiety and depression were attenuated while the differences on measures of somatic overconcern remained significant. Discriminant function analysis using psychological variables to predict diagnostic grouping produced correct identification of 74% of the structural patients and 46% of the myalgia patients. Implications for different etiological factors among the 3 groups are discussed.
The construction of a food-behavior inventory to measure beliefs about the behavioral effects of food

It is not uncommon for people to believe that diseases and good health are associated with or caused by specific foods. For example, in rural India the citizenry have designated certain foods as "hot" or "cold" and believed that each type of food was responsible for specific diseases also designated as "hot" or "cold" (Pool, 1987). Thus a hot food, such as dried fish, could produce a hot disease, such as leprosy, while a cold food like bananas could produce a cough, a cold symptom. Abdussalam, Foster, and Kaferstein (1989) have reported that this hot-cold classification system is used by at least two billion people throughout the Orient, Southeast Asia, India, Pakistan, and Latin America for determining behavior related to growth, health, illness, and pregnancy. In Brazil, Trigo, Roncada, Stewien, and Pereira (1989) found that people believed that the simultaneous ingestion of milk and certain fruits, like mangoes, oranges, and pineapples, could cause harm to or even kill the consumer. Americans also make attributions about the effects of food on particular behaviors. People typically refer to the experience of a "sugar high" after eating highly sweetened foods. Popular writers, such as Feingold (1975) and Rapp (1979), have written about a link between food sensitivities and a variety of behavioral and physical symptoms. There is widespread belief among parents of hyperactive children in the efficacy of the Feingold diet (Conners, 1980), despite the lack of evidence that more than a minority of children demonstrate clinically significant behavioral effects from food dyes ("Defined Diets and Childhood Hyperactivity," 1982; Weiss et al., 1980). Beliefs about food have important consequences for health practices. If certain attributions are made about particular foods, there is a potential for people to
Web 2.0 Expo in New York: building online communities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the Web 2.0 Expo in New York.Design/methodology/approach – Conference report.Findings – The conference was geared primarily to the business community with talks, presentations, and exhibits that focused on developing Web 2.0 strategies to get consumers to visit and revisit their web sites.Originality/value – Presents some of the highlights from the conference.
Dynafuse: dynamic dependence analysis for FPGA pipeline fusion and locality optimizations

Although high-level synthesis improves FPGA productivity by enabling designers to use high-level code, the resulting performance is often significantly worse than register-transfer-level designs. One cause of such limited optimization is that high-level synthesis tools are restricted by multiple possible dependencies due to the undecidability of alias analysis. In this paper, we introduce the Dynafuse optimization, which analyzes dependencies dynamically to resolve aliases and enable runtime circuit optimizations. To resolve aliases, Dynafuse provides a specialized software data structure that dynamically determines definition-use chains between FPGA functions. In addition, Dynafuse statically creates a reconfigurable overlay network that uses detected dependencies to dynamically adjust connections between functions and memories in order to fuse pipelines and exploit data locality. Experimental results show that Dynafuse sped up two existing FPGA applications by 1.6-1.8x when exploiting locality and by 3-5x when fusing pipelines. Furthermore, the speedup from pipeline fusion increases linearly with the number of fused functions, which suggests larger applications will experience larger improvements.
Disturbance to Surface Lithic Components of Archaeological Sites by Drill Seeding

Abstract Federally funded range improvement treatments in the United States require that land managers consider the treatment’s impacts to archaeological sites. Pending archaeological clearance can result in the postponement or exclusion of effective seeding practices, which in turn can result in poor seed establishment, increased weeds, recurrent fire, accelerated soil erosion, and damage to cultural sites. Less intensive requirements would help relieve time restrictions, but less-conspicuous sites might be missed. We quantified the displacement and damage that lithic artifacts would incur if missed in an inventory and subsequently subjected to drill seeding treatments. We subjected chert, quartzite, and obsidian materials to impact by a rangeland drill and a no-till drill on sandy and silty soils. Soil texture was the most important factor in perpendicular lithic movement. In the silty soil, lithics were displaced perpendicular to the direction of the drill nearly twice as far as in the sandy soil (7.8 cm ± 0.9 SE vs. 4.1 cm ± 0.6 SE, P P = 0.03). Minimal effects of drill seeding on lithics suggest that drill seeding could proceed with less-intensive archaeological surveys.
"Shut up and listen": feminist health care with out-of-the-mainstream adolescent females.

Models of women's health care have focused on the needs and issues of adult women and have not included those of adolescent women. This bias is true even for feminist-identified researchers and practitioners. Most health services for young women tend to deal exclusively, or in large measure, with their reproductive health, are planned by adults using an adult health care model and do not approach health care provision from a feminist perspective. In addition, there is a lack of information on the special health needs and issues of out-of-the-mainstream adolescent females such as homeless, immigrant, lesbian/bisexual identified young women. The main purpose of this paper is to describe guiding principals, as well as some of the practical pitfalls and ethical dilemmas in the provision of feminist health care for out-of-the-mainstream adolescent women.
IMAGING NANOSCALE MAGNETISM AND ITS FAST DYNAMICS WITH SOFT X-RAY MICROSCOPY

ةـصلاخلا : ة ينقتلا و ة يملعلا نيتيحا نلا نم ةر يبآ ة يمهأ اهل ونانلا مجحب ةبلص ةلاح ةمظنلأ ةيسيطانغملا صاوخلا نإ . و ةدحولا يه نور تكللإا ةنحش نأ نيح يف ةثيدحلا تاينورتكللإا يف ةيساسلأا ، ب ةيلبقتس ملا ي لزغملا نارود لا تا ينورتكلإ يف ي لزغملا نارود لا ة يرح ةجرد ذخأ نإف ني ع را بتعلاا حت ف ى لإ يدؤيس لبسلا نم ةريبآ ةعومجم . ةيللآل لضفأ يئايزيف مهف هاجتاب مدقتلا نإ ، و تاودأ مادختساب طقف ه قيقحت نكمي ةيس يطانغملا ونا نلا ةز هجلأ ةعجشملا تا قيبطتلا و ةنمضتملا ئدا بملا ةمدقتم ليلحت ، ثيح إ ا سايقمب ةيسيطانغملا بيآارتلل رشابملا ريوصتلا ن رمأ وه ةعيرسلا اهتيكيمانيد و ونانل لاعف . مدختسيو قيرط نع يو ق يس يطانغم نيا بت ة يلآ ليصحتل ة يرئاد ةبطقتسم سآإ ةعشأ ه لمع يف ة معانلا سآإ ةعشلأ سآاعلا يس يطانغملا رهجملا ةعشلأ يروشنملا يسيطانغملا نارودلا تاريثأت يتلا سآإ دنع ثدحت ا ز يمم دح د نع سآإ ةعشأ صاصتم . و مجي ةعشلأ سآاعلا يس يطانغملا رهجملا ع ىتح ايناكم لاصف ةمعانلا سآإ 10 يف يرطفلا تقولا ة بيآرتب تقؤم يئزج ماظن يف اتقؤم لاصف و ليسنرف ةقطنم ةحيفص تايئوض مادختساب ابيرقت من ة يلاحلا نورتوركنسلا رداصم . لكش ب حمس ي ة معانلا سآإ ةعشلأ سآاعلا يس يطانغملا رهجملا نإ ف يلا تلاب ة قيرط يف يئاوشعلا فرصتلا ةساردب د يرف ةديقملا ةيسيطانغمورفلا بيآارتلا يف لاجملا ناردج و ةيسيطانغملا تاماودلل ةعرسلا ةقئاف ايكيمانيدلا وأ ةقيقرلا تاقبطلل ةيسكعلا ةطنغملا . و ى لإ ةريصق سآإ ةعشأ تا نوتوف تابرض يطعت نأ نكمي ةيلبقتس ملا سآإ ةعشأ رداصم نأ ىلإ رظنلاب ة فيثآ و ة يناثوتميفلا ، رهجملا قرط نإ ف ةليصلأا ةيسيطانغملا لوطلا و تقولا سيياقم ىلإ لاوزن يسيطانغملا ريوصتلا دهع ىلع يقبتس ةمعانلا سآإ ةعشلأ سآاعلا يسيطانغملا .
Viscous Interaction Theory for Slender Axisymmetric Bodies in Hypersonic Flow

Effects of viscous interaction are investigated for hypersonic flow over slender axisymmetric bodies. The entire range of interaction, from weak to strong, is considered. Extensive numerical results are given for the self-similar flow over a fpower-law body. These results are correlated and used in a local similarity procedure for finding viscous interaction over arbitrary slender body shapes. Analytical expressions are derived for weak interaction on a cone and strong interaction on all slender bodies. Numerical solutions needed for the intermediate interaction regime are obtained for hypersonic flow over a cone. Results are presented for cone surface pressure, shear, heat transfer, drag, and displacement thickness in all interaction regimes. The drag data are in agreement with available experimental cone drag data. This analytical development is a unified treatment of viscous interaction effects on two-dimensional as well as axisymmetric bodies.
Varieties of mathematical prose

This article begins the development of a taxonomy of mathematical prose, describing the precise function and meaning of specic types of mathematical exposition. It further discusses the merits and demerits of a style of mathematical writing that labels each passage according to its function as described in the taxonomy.
Surgical evaluation for reconstruction of the upper airway

Surgical reconstruction of the upper airway is designed to reduce collapsibility and optimize stability of the airway. A universally accepted protocol for reconstruction of the upper airway does not exist. The philosophy of identifying the anatomic site of airway compromise and surgically correcting it, however, is generally accepted. A successful surgical outcome should be equivalent to successful continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Contributing factors for airway collapse can be complex and involve physiologic, neurogenic, and anatomic findings that demand a comprehensive evaluation before embarking on the reconstructive process. This article discusses evaluation considerations and surgical staging protocols that may be beneficial in achieving a successful surgical outcome.
Optimal alignment algorithm for context-sensitive hidden Markov models

The hidden Markov model is well-known for its efficiency in modeling short-term dependencies between adjacent samples. However, it cannot be used for modeling longer-range interactions between symbols that are distant from each other. In this paper, we introduce the concept of context-sensitive HMM that is capable of modeling strong pairwise correlations between distant symbols. Based on this model, we propose a polynomial-time algorithm that can be used for finding the optimal state sequence of an observed symbol string. The proposed model is especially useful in modeling palindromes, which has an important application in RNA secondary structure analysis.
Perceiving an imperceptible God

While reports of sensory encounters with the divine come from a variety of religious traditions, philosophers as diverse as Thomas Aquinas and Robert Oakes have argued that such experiences of incorporeal divine beings are impossible. Nevertheless, by clarifying various relations among acts of perception, perceptual detections of presence and kinds of perceptual recognition, the sensory perception of imperceptible things emerges as a coherent possibility. So, even if they are essentially unobservable, incorporeal divine beings still fall well within the range of normal human sense perception.
My 27-year Quest to Overcome the State Explosion Problem

Model Checking is an automatic verification technique for state-transition systems that are finite-state or that have finite-state abstractions. In the early 1980's in a series of joint papers with my graduate students E.A. Emerson and A.P. Sistla, we proposed that Model Checking could be used for verifying concurrent systems and gave algorithms for this purpose. At roughly the same time, Joseph Sifakis and his student J.P. Queille at the University of Grenoble independently developed a similar technique. Model Checking has been used successfully to reason about computer hardware and communication protocols and is beginning to be used for verifying computer software. Specifications are written in temporal logic, which is particularly valuable for expressing concurrency properties. An intelligent, exhaustive search is used to determine if the specification is true or not. If the specification is not true, the Model Checker will produce a counterexample execution trace that shows why the specification does not hold. This feature is extremely useful for finding obscure errors in complex systems. The main disadvantage of Model Checking is the state-explosion problem, which can occur if the system under verification has many processes or complex data structures. Although the state-explosion problem is inevitable in worst case, over the past 27 years considerable progress has been made on the problem for certain classes of state-transition systems that occur often in practice. In this talk, I will describe what Model Checking is, how it works, and the main techniques that have been developed for combating the state explosion problem.
Pulp revascularization of necrotic bilateral bicuspids using a modified novel technique to eliminate potential coronal discolouration: a case report

Reynolds K, Johnson JD, Cohenca N. Pulp revascularization of necrotic bilateral bicuspids using a modified novel technique to eliminate potential coronal discolouration: a case report. International Endodontic Journal. Aim To present a case report in which the pulp of two bilateral mandibular premolars with dens evaginatus were revascularized using a modified novel technique to avoid undesired crown discolouration. Summary Recently, regeneration of necrotic pulps has become an alternative conservative treatment option for young permanent teeth with immature roots and is a subject of great interest in the field of endodontics. This novel procedure exploits the full potential of the pulp for dentine deposition and produces a stronger mature root that is better able to withstand the forces than can result in fracture. However, the current protocol has potential clinical and biological complications. Amongst them, crown discolouration, development of resistant bacterial strains and allergic reaction to the intracanal medication. In the case presented, a modified technique to avoid undesired crown discolouration was applied sealing the dentinal tubules of the chamber, thus avoiding any contact between the tri-antibiotic paste and the dentinal walls. Key learning points • Sealing the dentinal tubules of the chamber prevents the undesirable crown discolouration produced by tri-antibiotic medication whilst maintaining the revascularization potential of the pulp. • Further research is warranted to seek an alternative infection control protocol capable of preventing possible allergic reactions and development of resistant strains of bacteria, as well as a biological material capable of inducing angiogenesis and allow a more predictable scaffold and tissue regeneration.
Nonunion of a Hawkin's group II talar neck fracture without avascular necrosis.

The authors present an unusual case of a talar neck nonunion without avascular necrosis following a Hawkin's group II fracture. A review of the literature and treatment of this rare complication are discussed. The nonunion was treated by debridement and iliac crest bone grafting to the defect and external electrical bone stimulation. The deformity of the rearfoot caused by the fracture nonunion was addressed by using a triple arthrodesis utilizing the Synthes 5 7.3-mm cannulated screw system.
EFFECT OF PROCESS ZONE CONSTRAINT ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF A LAMINATED GRAPHITE/EPOXY COMPOSITE

Results are presented from an experimental study investigating the effects of process zone constraint on the fracture toughness of fiber reinforced laminated composites. Three specimen types were each tested to fracture in mode I, mode II and mixed mode (Gn/G=0.4). The specimen types consisted of a unidirectional laminate with high resin content, a unidirectional laminate with low resin content, and a high resin content laminate with a stacking sequence designed to constrain the size of the process zone (referred to here as a "constrained laminate"). Comparison of the unidirectional laminate test results show that there is a correlation between resin content, process zone constraint, and fracture toughness. Laminates with higher resin content exhibited higher fracture toughness than low resin content laminates, which may be attributed to less process zone constraint in the high resin content laminates. Fracture toughnesses for higher resin content laminates were also equal to or larger than those from than the constrained laminates. This may also be attributed to less process zone constraint in the unidirectional high resin content laminates. It is therefore recommended that constrained specimens be used for all subsequent fracture toughness tests to provide the most conservative value of G c for all mode ratios. Additionally, for fracture critical structure, it is shown how test results can be used to achieve an optimum design.
Polymorphic control of subunit synthesis for the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the newt, Triturus viridescens

The newt, Triturus viridescens, shows a polymorphism for the genes controlling the synthesis of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Homozygotes have either of two electrophoretically fast migrating bands. In heterozygotes, the isozymes present in both homozygote classes appear along with three additional isozymes of intermediate mobilities. An additional slowly migrating isozyme is found in all animals. The relationship between the three phenotypic distributions of isozymes in the population is consistent with the predicted phenotypic frequencies made in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg Law. No difference in the Km for pyruvate reduction or the thermal denaturation characteristics was noted between homogenates containing different isozyme distributions. The electrophoretically fast moving isozymes in all homogenates are inactivated at a higher temperature than the slowly migrating isozyme. The evolutionary significance of polymorphism for alleles controlling isozyme synthesis is discussed.
Cystic fibrosis-related bone disease: insights into a growing problem.

Purpose of review This review will describe the clinical significance, pathogenesis and treatment of cystic fibrosis related bone disease (CFBD). Recent findings CFBD continues to increase as the life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis increases. According to clinical guidelines, individuals with cystic fibrosis should be initially screened at the age of 18 years via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, if not done so previously. The underlying pathogenesis of CFBD appears to be multifactorial, but increasing data imply a direct impact by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR deficiency and/or dysfunction impair osteoblast activity and differentiation, and indirectly promote osteoclast formation. Unfortunately, once diagnosed with CFBD, few cystic fibrosis tested medical therapies exist. Summary CFBD is an increasingly recognized complication that has a significant impact on the overall health of the individual. Recommendations to identify patients with cystic fibrosis who are at risk for fracture using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry have been established. Therapeutic agents directly studied in patients with cystic fibrosis are limited to bisphosphonates, although other potential treatment agents exist. Finally, an improved understanding of the pathologic mechanisms will aid in the study and development of therapies.
Racial and Gender Differences in Kin Support A Mixed-Methods Study of African American and Hispanic Couples

This article uses qualitative and quantitative data for a recent birth cohort from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study to compare kin support patterns between African Americans and Hispanics. It focuses on financial and housing support from grandparents and other kin during the transition to parenthood. Qualitative analysis (n = 122 parents) uncovers distinctions in the way African American and Hispanic parents discuss their family networks, with African Americans emphasizing relations with female kin and Hispanics emphasizing a more integrated system. Consistent with these findings, quantitative analysis (n = 2,472 mothers and n = 2,639 fathers) finds that compared with Hispanic parents, African American parents are more likely to receive financial and housing support from grandmothers and less likely to receive support from both grandparents. Contrary to expectations that fathers would be the primary support recipients in Hispanic households, the authors find that mothers are the more common ...
Introduction to the special issue on the origins of modern meta-analysis

This issue of Research Synthesis Methods is devoted to discussion of the origins of modern meta-analysis. Three articles by pioneers in development meta-analysis are by Gene Glass, Frank Schmidt, and Robert Rosenthal, respectively. They reflect on their own experiences about how they made these developments. The fourth article is by William Shadish, and seeks to analyze the impact of meta-analysis and the reasons why meta-analysis developed at the time it did, and by the people who did so. The articles are followed by commentaries by Douglas Altman, Iain Chalmers, Harris Cooper, Kay Dickersin, Larry Hedges, David Hoaglin, and Hannah Rothstein, who each comment on both the four target articles and on their own perspectives about how and why meta-analysis developed when and how it did.
CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Pt/ZrO2 Catalysts Promoted with La and Ce Oxides

The CO2 reforming of CH4 was studied over cerium- and lanthanum-promoted Pt/ZrO2 catalysts at 1073 K and a CH4 : CO2 ratio of 2 : 1. The high ratios of CH4 : CO2 were used in an attempt to accelerate deactivation of the catalyst and make a faster comparison of the different samples. The addition of Ce resulted in a significant improvement in the stability, with no decrease in either CH4 or CO2 conversion observed. The promotion with La also resulted in an increase in the stability of the catalyst as well as an increase in the initial activity. The mechanism of reaction has been studied on the promoted catalysts, and it has been shown that it is not altered by the presence of the promoters. The long-term activity of the catalyst is dependent upon the balance between the rate of CH4 decomposition and the rate of dissociation of CO2. The results of pulse studies demonstrate that addition of the cerium results in an increase in the reducibility and oxygen transfer ability of the support. Temperature-programmed oxidation studies demonstrated that although the total amount of carbon deposits on the Ce-promoted catalyst is not lower than that on the unpromoted one, these deposits are eliminated at much lower temperature, indicating the ability of the catalyst to clean the active sites. On the other hand, the TPO studies on the La-doped catalyst showed a much lower extent of carbon deposition. Interestingly, the ability of La to inhibit carbon formation is only observed in the presence of CO2. Under pulses of pure CH4, the La-promoted catalyst was the one which showed the highest tendency for carbon deposition. X-ray diffraction and BET area characterization of this catalyst showed that the promoter increases the thermal stability of the support. Finally, it was shown that the promoters also retard metal particle growth during reaction at high temperature. Smaller Pt particles result in an increase in the interfacial area and subsequent increase in the removal of the carbon from the metal. The increase in the efficiency of the cleaning mechanism resulted in catalysts that were stable for the dry reforming reaction under severely deactivating conditions (i.e., 1073 K, CH4 : CO2 ratio=2 : 1) for over 20 h.
Combined effects of water activity, solute, and temperature on the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was grown at 36 C in tryptic soy broth (pH 7.8) containing added levels of NaCl ranging from 0.5 to 7.9% (wt/wt). The fastest generation time was 16.4 min in tryptic soy broth containing 2.9% NaCl (TSBS) which corresponded to a water activity (aw) of 0.992 (±0.005). Tryptic soy broth containing lower or higher levels of NaCl resulted in higher or lower aw, respectively, and slower generation times. Growth was measured turbidimetrically at 36 C in TSBS containing added amounts of NaCl, KCl, glucose, sucrose, glycerol, or propylene glycol. The solutes used to reduce aw to comparable levels resulted in extended lag times of varied magnitude, dissimilar growth rates, and different cell numbers. Reduction of aw with glycerol was less inhibitory to growth than similar aw reductions with NaCl and KCl. Sucrose, glucose, and propylene glycol generally had the greatest effect on extending the lag times of V. parahaemolyticus when the addition of these solutes was made to establish similar aw levels lower than 0.992. Minimal aw for growth at 15, 21, 29, and 36 ± 0.2 C for each of four strains of V. parahaemolyticus was tested in TSBS containing added solutes. Reduced aw was generally most tolerable at 29 C, whereas higher minimal aw for growth was required at 15 C. Solutes added to TSBS to achieve reduction in aw, minimal aw for growth after 20 days, and incubation temperatures were as follows: glycerol, 0.937, 29 C; KCl, 0.945, 29 C; NaCl, 0.948, 29 C; sucrose, 0.957, 29 and 36 C; glucose, 0.983, 21 C; and propylene glycol, 0.986, 29 C. Each of the four strains tested responded similarly to investigative conditions. It appears that minimal aw for growth of V. parahaemolyticus depends upon the solute used to control aw.
Using probabilistic reasoning over time to self-recognize

Using the probabilistic methods outlined in this paper, a robot can learn to recognize its own motor-controlled body parts, or their mirror reflections, without prior knowledge of their appearance. For each item in its visual field, the robot calculates the likelihoods of each of three dynamic Bayesian models, corresponding to the categories of ''self'', ''animate other'', or ''inanimate''. Each model fully incorporates the object's entire motion history and the robot's whole motor history in constant update time, via the forward algorithm. The parameters for each model are learned in an unsupervised fashion as the robot experiments with its arm over a period of four minutes. The robot demonstrated robust recognition of its mirror image, while classifying the nearby experimenter as ''animate other'', across 20 experiments. Adversarial experiments, in which a subject mirrored the robot's motion showed that as long as the robot had seen the subject move for as little as 5 s before mirroring, the evidence was ''remembered'' across a full minute of mimicry.
Collision Integrals and the Generalized Kinetic Equation for Charged Particle Beams

In the present paper we study the role of particle interactions on the evolution of a high energy beam. The interparticle forces taken into account are due to space charge alone. We derive the collision integral for a charged particle beam in the form of Balescu-Lenard and Landau and consider its further simplifications. Finally, the transition to the generalized kinetic equation has been accomplished by using the method of adiabatic elimination of fast variables.
Herbivory and the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus in isolated California oak trees

Nitrogen and phosphorus flow in litterfall and throughfall were studied in two California Quercus species (the evergreen Q. agrifolia and deciduous Q. lobata) before, during, and after an outbreak of the California oak moth, Phryganidia californica. All of the foliage of both oak species was removed by the herbivore during the course of this outbreak. During the outbreak, total N and P flow to the ground more than doubled from Q. agrifolia and increased to a lesser extent from Q. lobata over the previous year. The composition of the litter during the outbreak year shifted so that in Q. agrifolia, almost 70% of the total N and P flow to the ground moved through frass and insect remains, while in Q. lobata, approximately 60% of the N and 40% of the P moved through frass and insect remains. Short-term leaching experiments showed that nitrogen was far more rapidly lost from Phryganidia frass than from leaf litter of either species. These results and the relative frequency of Phryganidia outbreaks suggest that this herbivore has significant effects on the nutrient cycling beneath these trees.
Dividend Tax Clienteles: Evidence from Tax Law Changes

ABSTRACT: We investigate institutional investors' preference for dividend‐paying stocks following changes in the dividend tax penalty during the sample period from 1987 until 2004. Following prior literature we separate institutions into tax‐advantaged and taxable cohorts and find that when the dividend tax penalty is positive, high‐dividend firms constitute a significantly larger (smaller) percentage of tax‐advantaged (taxable) institutions' portfolios. Multivariate regressions involving institutional ownership levels and changes confirm our initial findings. We estimate (for the median dividend‐paying firm) when the dividend tax penalty decreases by 23.3 percent, we expect tax‐advantaged (taxable) institutional ownership will decrease by 0.36 percent (increase by 0.25 percent) of a firm's shares outstanding. We find our results are robust for a subsample of firms that do not change their dividend policy. Overall, our paper provides strong support for the existence of institutional dividend tax clienteles.
Three-dimensional circuit integration based on self-synchronized RF-interconnect using capacitive coupling

A self-synchronized RF-interconnect (SSRFI), based on capacitive coupling and peak signal detection, is presented. In this SSRFI, small coupling capacitor (60fF) is used to interconnect vertical active layers in 3-Dimensional IC. The demonstrated SSRFI system, including both transmitter and receiver, has been designed, fabricated and verified in UMC 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS with a PRBS data rate of 3Gbit/s, a BER of 1.2/spl times/10/sup -10/ and a rms jitter of 1.28ps. The core circuit burns 4mW from a 1.8V supply and occupies 0.02mm/sup 2/ chip area.
Twilight Years Issues: Protection from Financial Abuse, Privacy and Personal Autonomy Concerns

This paper was prepared and presented as part of the LSU 45th Annual Estate Planning Institute. The paper explores the size, scope, and impact of financial abuse targeted at seniors. This paper then looks at the legal options available in Louisiana to prevent, combat, and seek relief from financial abuse.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of BaCo 2 As 2

We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FP-LAPW) calculations to study the electronic structure of BaCo${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$. The Fermi surface (FS) maps and the corresponding band dispersion data (at 90 and 200 K) reveal a small electron pocket at the center and a large electron pocket at the corner of the Brillouin zone. Therefore the nesting between electron and hole FS pockets is absent in this compound, in contrast to the parent compounds of FeAs-based high-$T$${}_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductors. The electron pockets at the center of the zone are surrounded by two sets of four smaller electron pockets. The electronic structure at about 500 meV binding energy is very similar to features at the chemical potential in BaFe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$. This indicates that complete substitution of Co for Fe causes a nearly rigid shift in the chemical potential by adding two electrons per formula unit at higher binding energies. However at lower binding energies $\ensuremath{\sim}$270 meV, the electron pocket at the center of the zone is absent, unlike in the Co-substituted Fe-based materials. This demonstrates that the rigid band picture is valid only at higher binding energies and breaks down closer to the chemical potential in BaCo${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$. We also observed the presence of a flat band near the Fermi energy that may have consequences for transport and thermodynamical properties. The experimental FS topology as well as band dispersion data are in reasonable agreement with the FP-LAPW calculations.
Foraging Galleries of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in Louisiana

Subterranean foraging galleries of a colony of C. formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) were excavated in a filled, swampy area about 2 miles west of Lake Charles. Branches from 3 main galleries radiating from a dead baldcypress tree ramified over about 1.4 acres. These galleries were connected with food sources more than 200 feet from the original starting point. Species of trees attacked included dead baldcypress, dead pine, live wax myrtle, and live Chinese tallow. Live pine was not attacked by this termite. Most of the galleries were lined with carton material that varied in thickness and the galleries ranged from 2 to 46 inches deep. Vertical galleries branched from horizontal galleries and extended to the water table. A subterranean carton nest that contained 6 supplementary queens was found 19 inches below the soil surface and 25 feet from the nearest food source. Based on the date the swampy area was filled, it was apparent that this gallery system was less than 10 years old.
Discussion about traditional Chinese medicine pharmacokinetics study based on first botanical drug approved by FDA

Pharmacokinetics study is one of main components of pharmaceuticals development. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Veregen as the first botanical drug in 2006. This article introduced FDA's requirement on pharmacokinetics study of botanical drug and pharmacokinetics studies of Veregen, summarized current requirement and status quo of pharmacokinetics study on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural medicine in China, and discussed about pharmacokinetics study strategy for TCM and natural medicine.
The Developmental Morphology and Life History of Phycomelaina laminariae

Aspects of the developmental morphology and life history of Phycomelaina laminariae are described. Growth is primarily vegetative in the winter with ramifying hyphae penetrating into the cortical tissue of the host. The advent of spring allows for more rapid maturation of ascomata thus providing for increased ascospore inoculum as host plant metabolism slows, predisposing a large segment of the population to infection. Spermogonial development precedes the formation of ascomata suggesting the holoblastically produced spermatia are involved in the fertilization process. Centrum development in P. laminariae is typical of the Xylaria type except for the presence of downward growing apical paraphyses. Both basal and apical paraphyses are deliquescent at an early stage.
My Thoughts on Developing the Industry of Ice-Snow Sports Tourism in Heilongjiang Province

After analyzing the current development of ice-snow sports tourism industry in Heilongjiang province from the viewpoint of sports industry, the article indicates that the current important problems which influence the development of ice-snow tourism industry relate to low industrialization, lacking sports event with local folk-custom feature, wanting market of local tour resource. For promoting the development of ice-snow tourism industry in Heilongjiang province, it suggests some countermeasures to establish the consciousness of ice-snow sports industry, to advance the sweeping development trend of ice-snow sports industry, to accelerate the development of northern folk-custom culture into ice-snow culture, to exploiture the local tour resource, to widen the resource of tourist by using the local advantage, to improve the management idea of ice-snow sports tourism, to reinforce the management work into better service quality.
Clinical Outcomes following Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Unilateral Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma: Comparison with Adrenalectomy.

Abstract Purpose To compare adrenal radiofrequency (RF) ablation with adrenalectomy in treating unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Materials and Methods Between April 2008 and September 2013, 44 patients with adrenal venous sampling–confirmed (lateralization index ≥ 4) unilateral APA underwent adrenal RF ablation (12/44 [27%]) or adrenalectomy (32/44 [73%]). Outcomes of adrenal RF ablation (patient age, 51 y ± 11; 4/12 men) were compared with adrenalectomy (patient age, 50 y ± 11; 19/32 men). Blood pressure (145/94 mm Hg ± 19/13 vs 144/89 mm Hg ± 10/8, P = .92), number of antihypertensives (3.0 ± 1.3 vs 2.7 ± 0.89, P = .38), and serum potassium (3.2 mEq/L ± 0.6 vs 3.5 mEq/L ± 0.6, P = .65) of patients were similar before treatment. Results RF ablation and adrenalectomy resulted in normokalemia (RF ablation, 4.2 mEq/L ± 0.1, P = .0004; adrenalectomy, 4.3 mEq/L ± 0.6, P P = .02/ P = .001; adrenalectomy, 128/85 mm Hg ± 13/12, P P = .07) in all patients. Proportions of RF ablation and adrenalectomy patients cured of hypertension (2/12 [17%] vs 12/32 [38%], P = .28) or requiring fewer antihypertensives (7/12 [58%] vs 13/32 [40%], P = .29) were similar. RF ablation patients had a shorter length of stay (0.6 d ± 0.8 [range, 0–2 d] vs 1.7 d ± 1.4 [range, 0–7 d]; P = .01) and less intraoperative blood loss (1.2 mL ± 3 vs 40 mL ±85; P = .01). Procedural complications occurred in 5/32 (15%) adrenalectomy patients (2 major, 3 minor) and in 0/12 RF ablation patients. Conclusions RF ablation to treat APA can achieve similar clinical outcomes as adrenalectomy and results in shorter hospital stays. Larger, prospective trials are needed to validate these results.
Unidirectional balloon pumping in the inferior vena cava and aorta. Effects on canine hemodynamics in cardiogenic shock.

Clinical applications of counterpulsation and, in particular, of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) have been successful in the management of refractory left ventricular power failure. Synchronous external counterpulsation has emerged as an appealing noninvasive form of temporary cardiac assistance. To evaluate this modality, we performed 30 experiments in 6 dogs by inducing hypo- and hypervolemic cardiogenic shock with propranolol (1.5 mg. per kilogram) and ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Unidirectional dual-chambered balloons were positioned in the inferior vena cava (IVCBP) and in the descending thoracic aorta (IABP) of the same animal to simulate external counterpulsation, and two assist consoles were synchronized to the electrocardiogram. The results indicate that IVCBP is detrimental in hypovolemic cardiogenic shock and that these results can be reversed with the addition of IABP. In contrast, IVCBP alone in hypervolemic cardiogenic shock resulted in significant hemodynamic improvement. It is concluded that the primary hemodynamic effects of these experiments, in which the venous hemodynamics of external counterpulsation have been simulated, may be related in great part to venous diastolic augmentation and to the state of hydration.
Renoduodenal fistula in a patient with chronic nephrostomy drainage: a case report.

AbstractWe describe the occurrence of a renoduodenal fistula related to a nephrostomy tube in a patient with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal calculi. The patient was successfully treated by nephrectomy. Etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are discussed.
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Performance Composite Data Products: Spring 2016

This publication includes 73 composite data products (CDPs) produced in Spring 2016 for fuel cell electric vehicle performance.
Spartacus: The Man, the Myth, and the Modern Symbol of Rebellion

On April Fool’s Day of 1865, Karl Marx’s elder daughter, Jenny, presented her father with a playful questionnaire. Not unlike the marketing surveys of our own day, it asked questions about his likes and dislikes: the qualities that he most preferred in a person, his favorite food (fish), his favorite color (not surprisingly, red), and various other preferences. The survey also asked about his hero, to which Marx replied, “Spartacus and Kepler.”14 The fact that Marx chose Spartacus suggests how well known the story of a single slave who had led tens of thousands of his fellow slaves in a war against their Roman masters had become by the mid-nineteenth century. It is rather surprising to note, therefore, that only a century earlier Spartacus was all but unknown, even to most well-educated people.
Cathodoluminescence characteristics of linearly-shaped staggered InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes

Growths of linearly-graded staggered InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes are performed, and the use of this novel active region leads to 2.5–3.5 times increase in output power.
PV single axis tracker array tests in the Northeast US with CIGS

Single-axis trackers are widely deployed in the southern latitudes of the US, and make up a significant market share for ground mount installations. This wide scale tracker deployment is not currently replicated in higher latitudes, in part, due to a lack of economic analysis for long term return on investments for the increased installation costs of trackers as compared to fixed-tilt arrays. The energy production and initial performance characteristics of a fixed-tilt and co-located horizontal single-axis tracker arrays, installed at 44.5° latitude were evaluated to determine and compare power output variations. DC electrical data was collected for the thin film CIGS based fixed-tilt and horizontal single-axis tracking arrays, and compared with the output from an adjacent fixed-tilt c-Si array to determine the potential benefits of CIGS capacity factor. Results indicate benefits ranging from 17%–22% in power production using a single axis tracker as compared to a fixed tilt array.
The Time-Course for the Capture and Hold of Visuospatial Attention by Fearful and Happy Faces

Fearful faces both capture our attention and hold it. However, little is known about the time-course for the capture and hold of spatial attention by fearful, and other emotional, faces. In three dot-probe studies we examined this time-course. Experiments 1 and 2 used fearful and neutral faces. In Experiment 1, dot-probe targets occurred 133, 266, and 532 ms post-face onset and in Experiment 2, dot-probe targets occurred 84, 168, 336, and 672 ms post-face onset. In Experiment 1, for both 133 and 266 ms conditions, reaction times were fastest for congruent trials and slowest for incongruent trials with reaction times for baseline trials falling between the two. The same pattern was found for the 84 and 168 ms conditions in Experiment 2. For the later time-points in both experiments there were no significant differences between conditions. To examine whether this time-course is unique to fearful faces, a third dot-probe experiment using time-points identical to Experiment 2 was conducted with happy and neutral faces. The results from Experiment 3 suggest that happy faces captured and held attention in the 168 and 336 ms conditions. Together, the results indicate that attention is captured and held by fearful faces at times earlier than approximately 300 ms, while happy faces also captured and held attention, but on a slightly different time-course from 168 to 336 ms.
Actuator placement in networks using optimal control performance metrics

Quantifying controllability in large dynamical networks and designing network structures with good controllability properties has generated significant recent interest. We consider actuator placement problems in dynamical networks and show that the mappings from actuator subsets to four fundamental optimal control metrics are in general neither supermodular nor submodular set functions via a simple counterexample. We also find a set of restrictive conditions under which these mappings are modular set functions. Although this implies that simple greedy algorithms do not in general produce actuator placements with guaranteed near optimal closed-loop control performance, we find in computational experiments that greedy algorithms can exceed performance and far exceed scalability of convex relaxation heuristics with general purpose semidefinite programming solvers.
Adaptive sparse-binary waveform design for all-spectrum channelization

We introduce maximum-SINR, sparse-binary waveforms that modulate data information symbols over the entire continuum of the available/device-accessible spectrum. We present an optimal algorithm that designs the proposed waveforms by maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the maximum- SINR linear filter at the receiver. In addition, we propose a suboptimal, computationally-efficient algorithm. Simulation studies compare the proposed sparse-binary waveforms with their conventional non-sparse binary counterparts and demonstrate their superior SINR performance. The post-filtering SINR and bit-error rate (BER) improvements attained by the proposed waveforms are also experimentally verified in a software-defined radio testbed operating in multipath laboratory environment, in the presence of colored interference.
Designing Contestability: Interaction Design, Machine Learning, and Mental Health

We describe the design of an automated assessment and training tool for psychotherapists to illustrate challenges with creating interactive machine learning (ML) systems, particularly in contexts where human life, livelihood, and wellbeing are at stake. We explore how existing theories of interaction design and machine learning apply to the psychotherapy context, and identify "contestability" as a new principle for designing systems that evaluate human behavior. Finally, we offer several strategies for making ML systems more accountable to human actors.
Participation and community-based walking activity after neuroprosthesis use in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A pilot study1.

PURPOSE To explore the effects of neuroprosthesis use on participation, level of community-based walking activity, safety and satisfaction in children with hemiplegic CP. METHODS Eleven children (mean 9 years 11 months) with hemiplegic CP Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level I and II participated in a 16-week intervention using the Ness L300 neuroprosthesis. Outcome measures included satisfaction and performance with self-selected participation goals (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)), level of community-based walking activity (Step Watch Activity Monitor (SAM)), trip and fall frequency (caregiver report) and a satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS Significant (p< 0.001) improvements in performance and satisfaction with self-selected participation goals (COPM) were demonstrated. No significant changes were noted in SAM values. A significant (p= 0.01) decrease in trips was demonstrated from baseline to post. Satisfaction with the device was high. CONCLUSION Results indicate that daily neuroprosthesis use may improve performance and satisfaction with participation goals and reduce trips. No changes in community-based walking activity were noted. Further study is needed to examine response based on GMFCS levels, across geographical regions and between FES neuroprosthesis and a control group.