cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal modulation of synthesis of the neurosecretory egg‐laying hormone of Aplysia

Biosynthesis of the peptide egg-laying hormone by the bag cells of Aplysia was monitored throughout the year to determine whether the synthesis of neurosecretory proteins is modulated in accordance with secretory demand. The rate of synthesis of precursors to the hormone was found to vary seasonally, being approximately twofold higher during the late summer egg-laying season than during midwinter. Since there was no change in the distribution of radioactivity among members of the proteolytic processing sequence leading to the hormone, these data imply a seasonal modulation of the production of the secretory product. The synthetic rate showed no correlation with animal maturity or recent egg-laying history. However, there was a significant interaction between the seasonal effect and elevation of hormone synthesis induced by exposure to elevated external potassium, suggesting that these two modulatory factors exert their effects at a common point in the mechanism of hormone biosynthesis.
Customer ownership of the local loop. A solution to the problem of interconnection

Abstract Interconnection is necessary for competition in telephony, but interconnection agreements are difficult to negotiate. With local service competition, entrants usually cannot duplicate the local loop, so interconnection also involves ‘renting’ the incumbent's local loops. An incumbent may object to being asked to permit use of its infrastructure by its competitors, in order to allow its competitors to compete with it . If customers own their local loops, however, the problems of interconnection virtually disappear: customers will determine whose traffic their loops carry, and incumbents will not have to supply competitors with the means of competing with them.
An empirical correlation for the calculation of vapour pressures of pure compounds

Abstract A four-parameter equation for vapour pressure is derived by integrating the Clapeyron equation with the aid of an empirical expression for the ΔH/Δ a wide range of reduced temperatures for 21 liquids which are representative of different classes of compounds: polar compounds, non-polar compounds, h Three methods for the application of the new equation are discussed. The best of these is more accurate than the Thek-Stiel equation although it does n An equation for calculating vaporization enthalpies is also derived.
Hydrolysis of malathion homologs by rabbit liver oligomeric and monomeric carboxylesterases

Abstract The hydrolysis of malation by rabbit liver oligomeric and monomeric carboxylesterases (CE's) (EC 3.1.1.1) results in the formation of a mixture of α- and β-monoacids. A new chromatographic procedure was utilized to investigate the formation of α- and β-monoacids. The oligomeric carboxylesterase (oCE) produced an α β ratio of monoacids of 4.55, and the monomeric carboxylesterase (mCE) produced an α β ratio of monoacids of 2.33. The ratios of α- and β-monoacids were independent of the initial concentration of malathion and remained constant over the time course of the reaction. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the Km values were the same for the corresponding reactions which produced either α-monoacid or β-monoacid with the same enzyme. Since both carboxylesterases are electrophoretically pure, the kinetic data strongly supports the theory that the reactions which produced α- and β-monoacids are catalyzed by the same active site. Comparison of the kcat and Km values governing the hydrolysis of malathion by the two esterases, together with their relative abundance in liver, indicated that the oCE would be responsible for about 80 to 98% of the hydrolytic detoxication of malathion by rabbit liver.
Three decades of intersatellite‐calibrated High‐Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder upper tropospheric water vapor

[1] To generate a climatologically homogenized time series of the upper tropospheric water vapor (UTWV), intersatellite calibration is carried out for 3 decades of High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) channel 12 clear-sky measurements. Because of the independence of the individual satellite's instrument calibration, intersatellite biases exist from satellite to satellite. To minimize the expected intersatellite biases, measurement adjustments are derived from overlapping HIRS data from the equator to the poles to account for the large global temperature observation range. Examination of the intersatellite biases shows that the biases are scene temperature–dependent. Many overlapping satellites have bias variations of more than 0.5 K across the scene temperature ranges. An algorithm is developed to account for the varying biases with respect to brightness temperature. Analyses based on the intercalibrated data show that selected regions of UTWV are highly correlated with low-frequency indexes such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation index and the Pacific and North America index, especially in the winter months. The derived upper tropospheric humidity in the central Pacific also corresponds well with the Nino 3.4 index. Thirty year trend analysis indicates an increase of upper tropospheric humidity in the equatorial tropics. The areal coverage of both high and low humidity values also increased over time. These features suggest the possibility of enhanced convective activity in the tropics.
Testing the Selection Effect: A New Theoretical Framework with Empirical Tests

RECENT law and economics scholarship has produced much theoretical and empirical work on how and why legal disputes are settled and litigated. One of the most significant developments in this literature, attributable to the work of William Baxter and the combined efforts of George Priest and Benjamin Klein,1 has been the formation of a theory about both the selection of disputes for trial and the rates of success that plaintiffs enjoy for those cases that are resolved at trial. The basic theory contains two components. The selection effect refers to the proposition that the selection of tried cases is not a random sample of the mass of underlying cases. Rather, those cases that tend to be clear for either the plaintiff or the defendant under the applicable legal rules settle relatively quickly, leaving only the difficult cases for trial. Since these tried cases are not representative of the larger class of disputed cases, it is risky to draw any inference from the outcome of tried disputes to the soundness of the legal rules by which these disputes are decided. The sample of tried cases may contain many victories for the plaintiff and many for the defendant. One cannot infer from that fact alone, however, the fairness or desirability of the underlying legal rules. If
Radioelement distribution in U, Th, Mo, and rare-earth-element pegmatites, skarns, and veins in a portion of the Grenville Province, Ontario and Quebec

Gamma-ray spectrometer measurements were obtained at and in the vicinity of 104 of the 124 U, Th, Mo, and rare-earth-element (REE) occurrences examined in the Central Metasedimentary Belt of the Grenville Province. Spatial, temporal, mineralogical, and geochemical relationships among granitic pegmatites, phlogopite – scapolite – Ca pyroxene skarns, and fluorite – apatite – calcite veins hosting U, Th, Mo, and REE minerals indicate a common magmatic–hydrothermal origin. Quartz–feldspar gneisses in the Central Metasedimentary Belt (n = 54) have low abundances of uranium (1–7 ppm) and thorium (4–27 ppm) suggesting that partial melting, fractional crystallization, and volatile phase separation were responsible for the enrichment of uranium (2–37 ppm) and thorium (5–102 ppm) in uncontaminated granitic pegmatites (n = 163) derived during ultrametamorphism. The U/Th ratio is probably inherited from the source quartz–feldspar gneiss protolith and enhanced during fractionation.Average U and Th concentrations and U...
APPLICATION OF PCR FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOPLASMA CONTAMINATION IN VIRUS STOCKS

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and identify mycoplasma contaminants in viral stocks. The results of the PCR assay proved to be a sensitive and accurate indicator of the true status of the stock tested. Those samples positive by agar culture or Hoechst stain were also positive by PCR. Those samples that were inconclusive by Hoechst stain (10.05%) could be clearly determined to be mycoplasma positive or negative by PCR. The PCR assay also detected those fastidious species of mycoplasma that gave false negative results by the direct culture method. In many respects the PCR-based mycoplasma detection method described is superior to the agar culture and Hoechst staining detection methods. In this study, the PCR assay detected substantially more mycoplasma-positive viral stocks than did the agar culture assay. Due to its speed, sensitivity, and reliability, the PCR assay is of particular value in monitoring the process of removing mycoplasma from contaminated stocks. Furthermore, the PCR amplification products can be analyzed by restriction analysis to rapidly identify the species of the mycoplasma contaminating the stock tested.
Adsorption of Organic Matter at Mineral/Water Interfaces. 2. Outer-Sphere Adsorption of Maleate and Implications for Dissolution Processes

The effects of the adsorption of a simple dicarboxylate low molecular weight organic anion, maleate, on the dissolution of a model aluminum oxide, corundum (α-Al2O3), have been examined over a range of different maleate concentrations (0.125−5.0 mM) and pH conditions (2−10). In situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic measurements indicate that maleate binds predominantly as an outer-sphere, fully deprotonated complex (⋮AlOH2+---Mal2-) at the corundum surface over the entire range of maleate concentrations and pH conditions investigated. In accordance with the ATR-FTIR findings, macroscopic adsorption data can be modeled as a function of maleate concentration and pH using an extended constant capacitance approach and a single ⋮AlOH2+---Mal2- species. Outer-sphere adsorption of maleate is found to significantly reduce the protolytic dissolution rate of corundum under acidic conditions (pH < 5). A likely mechanism involves steric protection of dissolution-active ...
THE CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF EXPERT SYSTEM SCORES FOR COMPLEX CONSTRUCTED‐RESPONSE QUANTITATIVE ITEMS

This study investigated the convergent validity of expert-system scores for four mathematical constructed-response item formats. A five-factor model was posed comprised of four constructed-response format factors and a GRE General Test quantitative factor. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the fit of this model and to compare it with several alternatives. The five-factor model fit well, although a solution comprised of two highly correlated dimensions—GRE-quantitative and constructed-response—represented the data almost as well. These results extend the meaning of the expert system's constructed-response scores by relating them to a well-established quantitative measure and by indicating that they signify the same underlying proficiency across item formats.
Using Geographic Information Systems to Reconceptualize Spatial Relationships and Ecological Context

In this article, the author demonstrates how geographic information system (GIS) software can be used to reconceptualize spatial relationships and ecological context and address the modifiable areal unit problem. In order to do this, the author uses GIS to (1) test an important category of spatial hypotheses (spatial proximity hypotheses), (2) overcome methodological problems that arise when data sets are not spatially comparable, and (3) measure ecological context. The author introduces a set of GIS variable construction techniques that are designed to accomplish these tasks, illustrates these techniques empirically by using them to test spatial proximity hypotheses drawn from the literature on environmental inequality, and demonstrates that results obtained using these techniques are methodologically superior to and substantively different from results obtained using traditional techniques. Finally, the author demonstrates that these techniques are the product of an alternative conceptualization of physical space that allows sociologists to develop new ways to think about and measure spatial relationships, ecological context, and place-based social inequality and that gives them the ability to reconceptualize spatially based methodological problems that have confronted them for years.
Chlordiazepoxide and Theophylline Alter Calcium Levels in Subcellular Fractions of Rat Brain Cortex

SummaryForty-five minutes after ip injection of chlordiazepoxide, vesicles from rat brain cortical synaptosomes contained significantly less calcium per unit protein than controls. By contrast, a relatively high dose of chlorpromazine failed to change calcium content in rat brain cortical subfractions. A high dose of theophylline increased calcium in both vesicles and mitochondria isolated from rat brain cortical synaptosomes. It is suggested that chlordiazepoxide and high doses of theophylline may influence calcium mediation of transmitter secretion in brain cortex by effects on calcium transfer mechanisms.
Slow-Onset, Long-Duration, Alkyl Analogues of Methylphenidate with Enhanced Selectivity for the Dopamine Transporter

Methylphenidate analogues, in which the carbomethoxy has been replaced by an alkyl group and with different phenyl substituents, have been synthesized and tested in monoamine transporter assays. As predicted from a pharmacophore model, most of the RR/SS diastereomers showed high potency as dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Analogues with a 4-chlorophenyl group and an unbranched initial alkyl atom had consistently enhanced selectivity for the dopamine transporter. The most potent compounds were those with a three- or four-carbon chain. The "inactive" RS/SR diastereomers showed substantial activity when the phenyl substituent was 3,4-dichloro. On a locomotor assay, one compound was found to have a slow onset and a long duration of action. The activity of these compounds provides additional evidence for a conformational/superposition model of methylphenidate with cocaine-like structures. A ketone analogue, obtained by hydrogenating a previously described vinylogous amide, had activity similar to that of methylphenidate.
Phosphatase Inhibition Leads to Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 Phosphorylation and Disruption of Corepressor Interactions

The regulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) by phosphorylation was examined by elevating intracellular phosphorylation in cultured cells with the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. After fractionation of extracts from treated versus untreated cells, HDAC 1 and 2 eluted in several peaks of deacetylase activity, assayed using mixed acetylated histones or acetylated histone H4 peptide. Stimulation of cells with okadaic acid led to hyperphosphorylation of HDAC 1 and 2 as well as changes in column elution of both enzymes. Hyperphosphorylated HDAC2 was also observed in cells synchronized with nocodazole or taxol, demonstrating regulation of HDAC phosphorylation during mitosis. Phosphorylated HDAC1 and 2 showed a gel mobility retardation that correlated with a small but significant increase in activity, both of which were reversed upon phosphatase treatment in vitro. However, the most pronounced effect of HDAC phosphorylation was to disrupt protein complex formation between HDAC1 and 2 as well as complex formation between HDAC1 and corepressors mSin3A and YY1. In contrast, interactions between HDAC1/2 and RbAp46/48 were unaffected by okadaic acid. These results establish a novel link between HDAC phosphorylation and the control of protein-protein interactions and suggest a mechanism for relief of deacetylase-catalyzed transcriptional repression by phosphorylation-dependent signaling.
Magnetically rewritable photonic ink based on superparamagnetic nanochains

One-dimensional photonic nanochains composed of periodically arranged superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been exploited as basic color units for a new type of photonic ink. The photonic response of ink can be rapidly and repetitively switched on and off by tuning the direction of external magnetic fields. Temporary bi-stability is realized in the photonic ink by introducing highly viscous solvents as a dispersant, which suppress the rotational movement of nanochains and allow them to stay temporarily aligned after the removal of external magnetic field and to retain their photonic response for a considerably long period. Increasing the viscosity of the dispersant enhances the bi-stability of photonic inks; for instance, the ink prepared in 95% glycerol solution is able to retain its color up to ten minutes. The length of the chains also plays an important role in their temporary bi-stability. By mixing chains with different photonic properties and lengths, a display has been developed which exhibits two distinct colors in response to the application and removal of external magnetic fields.
Outcomes-based assessment of a new reference standard for delayed cerebral ischemia related to vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Rationale and Objectives The purpose is to perform outcomes-based assessment of a new reference standard for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) related to vasospasm. Materials and Methods Retrospective study was performed with consecutive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (A-SAH) patients between January 2002 and May 2009. A new reference standard for DCI was applied to the study population incorporating clinical and imaging criteria. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by chart diagnosis. Outcome measures for assessment included: permanent neurologic deficits, infarction, functional disability, treatment, and discharge status. Medical record review was performed by two blinded observers. Chi-square test calculated statistical significance between DCI and no DCI groups. Results A total of 137 patients were included; 59% (81/137) classified as DCI and 41% (56/137) as no DCI by the reference standard. Overall accuracy is 96% (95% confidence interval 92–99) with 100% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 94% positive and 100% negative predictive values. Patients classified as DCI had 40% (32/81) permanent neurologic deficits and 57% (46/81) infarction compared to 0% (0/56) classified as no DCI. DCI patients had 33% (27/81) functional disability compared to 13% (7/56) classified as no DCI. Ninety-four percent (76/81) DCI patients received treatment compared to 0% (0/56) classified as no DCI. DCI group had 46% (37/81) discharged to rehabilitation facilities and 11% (9/81) mortality compared to 25% (14/56) and 2% (1/56), respectively, in no DCI group. There are statistically significant differences (P Conclusion This new reference standard has high diagnostic accuracy for DCI related to vasospasm. The outcomes-based assessment further supports its accuracy in correctly classifying A-SAH patients.
Analysis of ovarian tumors for the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.

Aim: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in ovarian tumorigenesis is uncertain. The objective of this study was to screen a collection of ovarian tumors for the presence of high-risk oncogenic HPV types 16, 18 and 33. Methods: Twenty benign and malignant ovarian tumors were obtained from women undergoing pelvic surgery at a regional comprehensive cancer institution in North America. DNA was isolated from the snap-frozen tumors, and commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection sets were used to analyze the tumor DNA samples for the presence of DNA from HPV types 16, 18 and 33. Results: The DNA from HPV types 16, 18 and 33 was not detected in any of the ovarian tumors. Conclusions: Our findings do not support an association between infection with HPV types 16, 18 and 33 and ovarian neoplasia in this patient population.
Sensitization to Hyperthermia (45°C) of Normal and Thermotolerant CHO Cells by Anisotonic Media

SummaryAsynchronous CHO cells heated in the presence of hypertonic medium (600 mosM) showed an increased sensitivity (lowered D0) to 45°C hyperthermia and the extent varied as a function of the time of heating with respect to the hypertonic shock. Initiation of heating 1 min after hypertonic shock reduced the D0 from 4·4 + 0·4 to 2·1 ± 0·2 min and the extrapolation number, n, from 5·9 to 5·2 while hyperthermia initiated 30 min after the hypertonic shock did not reduce the D0 significantly but did reduce n to 1·7. Hypotonic medium (150 mosM) also reduced n without significantly reducing the D0, and in contrast to hypertonic medium, this effect was independent of the temporal relationship between the osmotic shock and heating. Sensitization of non-thermotolerant cells by hypotonic shock was possible but only when cells were heated immediately upon return to isotonic medium following a one-hour equilibration in hypotonic medium.Thermotolerant CHO cells were sensitized slightly more than non-thermotolerant ce...
Psychological and behavioral risk profiles as they relate to eating disorder diagnoses and symptomatology among a school-based sample of youth

Objective: Examine substance use, depression, self-esteem, and suicidality by eating disorder (ED) classifications among nonclinical youth. Method: A school-based sample of 4,746 youth completed anthropometric measures and Project EAT survey items matched to DSM-IV ED criteria. Logistic regression analyses and general linear models compared three threshold (AN, BN, or BED), two subthreshold (bingeeating and/or compensatory behaviors not meeting ED diagnosis, or body image disturbance without disordered eating) and one asymptomatic ED classifications. Results: Subthreshold and threshold classifications reported lower self-esteem and greater substance use, depression, suicidal ideation/attempts than asymptomatic youth. The BED group had higher depressive mood, and BED and BN had lower self-esteem, than the subthreshold groups. Odds ratios for suicidality were highest among the BN group and lowest among the body image disturbance group. Discussion: Subthreshold and threshold classifications are associated with compromised health, suggesting the importance of addressing the continuum of weight/shape concerns and disordered eating behaviors within prevention and treatment interventions. V C 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gustatory pathways in the bullhead catfish. II. Facial lobe connections

The second order projections of the gustatory system in catfish were examined using both retrograde (HRP) and anterograde (degeneration and autoradiographic) hodological methods. Golgi-stained material was used to demonstrate the different cell types in the primary gustatory sensory area, the facial lobe. Efferents from the facial lobe gather into ascending and descending secondary gustatory tracts. The descending tract terminates largely in the medial funicular nucleus and the commissural nucleus of Cajal in the region of the obex. A small portion of the descending tract continues caudally to terminate in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The ascending secondary gustatory tract terminates mostly in the ipsilateral superior secondary gustatory nucleus in the isthmic region. A small portion of the ascending tract continues rostrally to terminate in the posterior thalamic nucleus and in the region of the nucleus lobo-bulbaris. Sparser contralateral projections are also seen in the posterior thalamus and isthmic gustatory regions. Three cell types can be discerned in the facial lobe: small, medium and large. The small cells are intrinsic neurons, the medium cells project to the isthmic gustatory nucleus, and the large cells send fibers to the other terminal areas described above, as summarized in figure 19.
Microwave Remote Sensing of Ionized Air

We present observations of microwave scattering from ambient room air ionized with a negative ion generator. The frequency dependence of the radar cross section of ionized air was measured from 26.5 to 40 GHz (Ka-band) in a bistatic mode with an Agilent PNA-X series (model N5245A) vector network analyzer. A detailed calibration scheme is provided to minimize the effect of the stray background field and system frequency response on the target reflection. The feasibility of detecting the microwave reflection from ionized air portends many potential applications such as remote sensing of atmospheric ionization and remote detection of radioactive ionization of air.
Dansyl Derivatives of ∆9- and ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinols

Abstract Sir: The use of dansyl chloride (5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, I) in the fluorometric determination of amines and phenols is well documented (1). Dansylated cannabinol-related compounds were recently derived from blood, urine, and saliva samples following hashish administration (2). As a prerequisite for the development of suitable methodology for the assay of compounds and metabolites derived from Cannabis saliva, a series of dansyl derivatives of several cannabinoid compounds was prepared in micromolar quantities and their TLC properties were reported (3). The preparation of larger quantities of dansyl-∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (II) and dansyl-∆ 8 -tetrahydrocannabinol (III) was accomplished to determine the physical and chemical properties of these derivatives.
Characterization of Adolescent Prescription Drug Abuse and Misuse Using the Researched Abuse Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS®) System

Objective To describe the characteristics and health effects of adolescent (age 13–19 years) prescription drug abuse and misuse using the Researched Abuse Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS ® ) System. Method Secondary analysis of data collected from RADARS System participating poison centers was performed. Data for all intentional exposures from 2007 through 2009 were used to describe adolescent prescription opioid (oxycodone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, and tramadol) and stimulant (methylphenidate and amphetamines) exposures. Results A total of 16,209 intentional adolescent exposures to prescription drugs were identified, 68% to opioids and 32% to stimulants. The mean age was 16.6 years (SD±1.7 years). Slightly more than half (52.4%) of drug mentions involved females. The five most frequently misused or abused drugs were hydrocodone (32%), amphetamines (18%), oxycodone (15%), methylphenidate (14%), and tramadol (11%). Of all exposures, 38% were classified as suspected suicidal. Of adolescents who intentionally exposed themselves to prescription drugs, 30% were treated in a health care facility, 2,792 of whom were admitted to the hospital, including 1,293 to the intensive care unit. A total of 17.2% of intentional exposures were associated with no effect, 38.9% minor effects, 23.3% moderate effects, 3.6% major effects, and 0.1% were associated with death. Oxycodone and methadone were associated with the most deaths. No deaths were associated with exposures to stimulants. Conclusions Prescription drug misuse and abuse poses an important health problem and results in thousands of hospitalizations of adolescents per year. Further work is needed to develop focused interventions and educational programs to prevent prescription drug abuse and misuse by adolescents.
Sequencing of 2 subclinical atherosclerosis candidate regions in 3669 individuals: Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium Targeted Sequencing Study.

Background—Atherosclerosis, the precursor to coronary heart disease and stroke, is characterized by an accumulation of fatty cells in the arterial intimal-medial layers. Common carotid intima media...
Exposing origin-seeking bias in PSO

We discuss testing methods for exposing origin-seeking bias in PSO motion algorithms. The strategy of resizing the initialization space, proposed by Gehlhaar and Fogel and made popular in the PSO context by Angeline, is shown to be insufficiently general for revealing an algorithm's tendency to focus its efforts on regions at or near the origin. An alternative testing method is proposed that reveals problems with PSO motion algorithms that are not visible when merely resizing the initialization space.
Optimally efficient resonance-tuned optical modulators

Based on a first-principles, physically-intuitive design approach, I propose novel resonance-tuned intensity modulators with optimal modulation efficiency and extinction, even for lossy modulation mechanisms, including higher-order designs cascadable on wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) signal waveguides.
Personality characteristics and expressed career choice of graduating physical therapy students.

We examined the personality characteristics of physical therapy students (N = 45) who had different career goals. We used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and a brief demographic information sheet to collect data at the conclusion of the 1982 spring semester. Analyses of variance indicated statistically significant differences (p less than .01) between those who desired careers as generalist clinicians versus specialist clinicians. The specialist group represented adaptive, curious problem solvers; the generalists demonstrated characteristics of precision, order, and preferences for routine procedure. The findings have implications for the job satisfaction of physical therapists and have ramifications for curriculum planning.
OSL ages on glaciofluvial sediment in northern Lower Michigan constrain expansion of the Laurentide ice sheet

We report new ages on glaciofluvial (outwash) sediment from a large upland in northern Lower Michigan—the Grayling Fingers. The Fingers are cored with > 150 m of outwash, which is often overlain by the (informal) Blue Lake till of marine isotope stage (MIS) 2. They are part of an even larger, interlobate upland comprised of sandy drift, known locally as the High Plains. The ages, determined using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods, indicate that subaerial deposition of this outwash occurred between 25.7 and 29.0 ka, probably associated with a stable MIS 2 ice margin, with mean ages of ca. 27 ka. These dates establish a maximum-limiting age of ca. 27 ka for the MIS 2 (late Wisconsin) advance into central northern Lower Michigan. We suggest that widespread ice sheet stabilization at the margins of the northern Lower Peninsula, during this advance and later during its episodic retreat, partly explains the thick assemblages of coarse-textured drift there. Our work also supports the general assumption of a highly lobate ice margin during the MIS 2 advance in the Great Lakes region, with the Fingers, an interlobate upland, remaining ice-free until ca. 27 ka.
Cardiopulmonary bypass with bivalirudin in type II heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with type II heparin induced-thrombocytopenia poses significant challenges. Inadequate pharmacokinetic profiles, monitoring, reversibility, and availability often limit alternative anticoagulation strategies. Bivalirudin, a semisynthetic direct thrombin inhibitor, was recently approved for use in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Its unique properties, including a relatively short half-life, an anticoagulation effect that closely correlates with activated clotting time, and an alternate metabolic pathway for elimination, make bivalirudin an attractive agent for cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with type II heparin induced-thrombocytopenia. We report our experience using bivalirudin in 2 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Severe Chronic Heel Pain in a Diabetic Patient with Plantar Fasciitis Successfully Treated Through Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Background: Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, was proposed as a suitable method for the treatment of several chronic pain syndromes. We describe a case of severe heel pain in a diabetic patient with plantar fasciitis successfully treated with tDCS. Methods: The present study investigated whether tDCS treatment could reduce pain and pain-related anxiety in a 65-year-old diabetic man affected by treatment-resistant right heel pain due to plantar fasciitis. The patient underwent five tDCS treatment sessions on 5 consecutive days. Each session consisted of 20-min anodal tDCS over the left primary motor cortex leg area. Results: The neurostimulation protocol induced a decrease in pain intensity and pain-related anxiety that outlasted the stimulation (1 week). Furthermore, the patient stopped the intake of opioid medication. Conclusions: Therapeutic neuromodulation with tDCS may represent an alternative option for treating severe lower-extremity...
Humidity and Gravimetric Equivalency Adjustments for Nephelometer-Based Particulate Matter Measurements of Emissions from Solid Biomass Fuel Use in Cookstoves

Great uncertainty exists around indoor biomass burning exposure-disease relationships due to lack of detailed exposure data in large health outcome studies. Passive nephelometers can be used to estimate high particulate matter (PM) concentrations during cooking in low resource environments. Since passive nephelometers do not have a collection filter they are not subject to sampler overload. Nephelometric concentration readings can be biased due to particle growth in high humid environments and differences in compositional and size dependent aerosol characteristics. This paper explores relative humidity (RH) and gravimetric equivalency adjustment approaches to be used for the pDR-1000 used to assess indoor PM concentrations for a cookstove intervention trial in Nepal. Three approaches to humidity adjustment performed equivalently (similar root mean squared error). For gravimetric conversion, the new linear regression equation with log-transformed variables performed better than the traditional linear equation. In addition, gravimetric conversion equations utilizing a spline or quadratic term were examined. We propose a humidity adjustment equation encompassing the entire RH range instead of adjusting for RH above an arbitrary 60% threshold. Furthermore, we propose new integrated RH and gravimetric conversion methods because they have one response variable (gravimetric PM2.5 concentration), do not contain an RH threshold, and is straightforward.
Improvements to the GDB™ Human Genome Data Base

Version 6.0 of the Human Genome Data Base introduces a number of significant improvements over previous releases of GDB. The most important of these are revised data representations for genes and genomic maps and a new curatorial model for the database. GDB 6.0 is the first major genomic database to provide read/write access directly to the scientific community, including capabilities for third-party annotation. The revised database can represent all major categories of genetic and physical maps, along with the underlying order and distance information used to construct them. The improved representation permits more sophisticated map queries to be posed and supports the graphical display of maps. In addition the new GDB has a richer model for gene information, better suited for supporting cross-references to databases describing gene function, structure, products, expression and associated phenotypes.
Floating-point arithmetic on a reduced-instruction-set processor

Current single chip implementations of reduced-instruction-set processors do not support hardware floating-point operations. Instead, floating point operations have to be provided cither by a co-processor or by software. This paper discusses issues arising from a software implementation of floating point arithmetic for the MIPS processor, an experimental VLSI architecture. Measurements indicate that an acceptable level of performance is achieved, but this approach is no substitute for a hardware accelerator if higher precision results are required. This paper includes instruction profiles for the basic floating point operations and evaluates the usefulness of some aspects of the instruction set.
Failure Modes and Load Transfer in Sandwich T-Joints

Various T-joints of composite sandwich panels were investigated. The corresponding modes of failure at the joint were identified. The key modes of failure include debonding between the two sandwich components to be joined, debonding between the attachment and the sandwich panel, and cracking in the core of the sandwich. A new type of T-joint incorporating an aluminum U-channel in the web sandwich was found to provide much improvement over the conventional circular fillet T-joint. Two types of bolted joints were also studied to investigate the effectiveness of using bolts for suppressing debonding at the joint. It was shown that using bolts in a circular fillet joint could cause early failure in the core and would not help much to increase the ultimate joint strength. The experimental failure modes of the tested joints were explained with the help of FE analysis.
Detection of Attacks for Restoring Privacy of Users to Improve Mobile Collaborative Learning (MCL) over Heterogeneous Network

The paper highlights the problems of rogue dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server that affects and disrupts network resources during communication. The rogue DHCP is unauthorized server that releases incorrect IP address to legal users and sniffs their traffic illegally. The paper introduces multi-frame signature-cum anomaly-based intrusion detection systems (MSAIDS) supported with novel algorithms and addition of new rules in existing IDS. This innovative security mechanism reinforces the confidence of users, protects network from illicit intervention. The work is particularly done to restore the privacy of users over MCL but can be implemented with all types of small to large networks. Finally, the paper validates the idea through test bed simulation and compares the findings with other well-known existing techniques.
Ibrutinib in combination with rituximab in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma: a single-centre, open-label, phase 2 trial

Summary Background Ibrutinib is approved in the EU, USA, and other countries for patients with mantle cell lymphoma who received one previous therapy. In a previous phase 2 study with single-agent ibrutinib, the proportion of patients who achieved an objective response was 68%; 38 (34%) of 111 patients had transient lymphocytosis. We hypothesised that adding rituximab could target mantle cell lymphoma cells associated with redistribution lymphocytosis, leading to more potent antitumour activity. Methods Patients with a confirmed mantle cell lymphoma diagnosis (based on CD20-positive and cyclin D1-positive cells in tissue biopsy specimens), no upper limit on the number of previous treatments received, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 2 or less were enrolled in this single-centre, open-label, phase 2 study. Patients received continuous oral ibrutinib (560 mg) daily until progessive disease or unacceptable toxic effects. Rituximab 375 mg/m 2 was given intravenously once per week for 4 weeks during cycle 1, then on day 1 of cycles 3–8, and thereafter once every other cycle up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved an objective response in the intention-to-treat population and safety assessed in the as-treated population. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01880567, and is still ongoing, but no longer accruing patients. Findings Between July 15, 2013, and June 30, 2014, 50 patients were enrolled. Median age was 67 years (range 45–86), and the median number of previous regimens was three (range 1–9). At a median follow-up of 16·5 months (IQR 12·09–19·28), 44 (88%, 95% CI 75·7–95·5) patients achieved an objective response, with 22 (44%, 30·0–58·7) patients achieving a complete response, and 22 (44%, 30·0–58·7) a partial response. The only grade 3 adverse event in >=10% of patients was atrial fibrillation, which was noted in six (12%) patients. Grade 4 diarrhoea and neutropenia occurred in one patient each. Adverse events led to discontinuation of therapy in five (10%) patients (atrial fibrillation in three [6%] patients, liver infection in one [2%], and bleeding in one [2%]). Two patients died while on-study from cardiac arrest and septic shock; the latter was deemed possibly related to treatment. Interpretation Ibrutinib combined with rituximab is active and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the activity of this combination in clinical practice. A phase 3 trial is warranted for more definitive data. Funding Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company.
The Mixed Dish: Harry Shearer and the Golden Age of Radio Satire

Satire is recognized by scholars as having an essential function in a free society. In the 1960s, political and social satire broadcast on over-the-air on radio stations in the United States was a popular and vibrant public mode of cultural subversion. Scholarship has focused mainly on TV, print, and online satire but has yet to examine the form and function of historic radio satire. This exploratory study attempts to bridge this paucity of scholarship with regard to the factors that produced the Golden Age of Radio Satire, and what role satire might play in broadcast radio's uncertain future.
The effect of grain size on the yield strength of FeAl and NiAl

The yield strength, σy, has been measured as a function of grain size, d, for a number of FeAl and NiAl alloys of different aluminum contents and the data fitted to the Hall-Petch relationship, σy = σ0 + kd−12, where σ0 is the lattice resistance and k the Hall-Petch slope. For NiAl, both σ0 and k are a minimum at the stoichiometric composition and increase with decreasing aluminum content. For FeAl, σ0 and k are a maximum at the stoichiometric composition but show a minimum around the iron-rich composition Fe−45 at.% Al. The data do not indicate any relationship between k and the degree of (constitutional) disorder but suggest that k is simply proportional to σ0.
Atlas of Clinical Emergency Medicine

A physician's time is limited in the ED, and lengthy paragraphs that take several sentences to make a management recommendation are no longer useful to the emergency physician at the point of care. This customer-focused Atlas allows emergency physician to quickly look up a diagnosis and make the appropriate management decisions in 3 minutes or less. Features: * Visual presentation of the most common disorders that present in the emergency room* New editorial board, including young and up-and-coming emergency physicians* New table of contents focused on key disorders emergency medicine physicians see in practice* New chapter template emphasizes bulleted text organized by Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and ManagementNow with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like:* Complete content with enhanced navigation* A powerful search tool that pulls results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web* Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation* A highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text* Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues* Quick-reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use
UNITARY IRRATIONAL CENTRAL CHARGE ON COMPACT g I: $({\rm simply\mbox{-}laced~} g_x)_{\# \,}^{q \ge 2}$

Following the recent construction of unitary irrational central charge on compact affine g, we begin a series of papers to report further solutions of the Virasoro master equation and related topics in irrational conformal field theory. This paper completes the maximal-symmetric subansatz by obtaining the three-parameter unitary irrational construction , which contains the known solution and involves a root of a root generically.
Multimodal Transportation Choices and Health: Exploratory Analysis Using Data Fusion Techniques

This study demonstrates the feasibility of fusing large-scale travel and health surveys and uses the new comprehensive data set generated to model the relationship between health and multimodal (walking, biking, transit, and vehicle usage) long-term (weekly, monthly, and yearly) travel choices. Two measures of health, the body-mass index (BMI) and a self-assessed physical health score (SAPHS), were fused from a health survey onto a travel survey at the disaggregate (individual) level. The probabilistic record linkage software, Link Plus, was used for the data fusion purposes. The methodology was validated by using the eating and health module (EH) of the American Time Use Surveys (ATUS). Subsequently, the algorithm was used to match the health information from the ATUS to the National Household Travel Surveys (NHTS) of 2008 to 2009, and the resulting master data set was used to develop models for multimodal travel choices and health. The statistical analysis indicates that although increasing walking and ...
An Extension of Performance Evaluation for Renew

An extension of performance evaluation for Renew,the Reference nets Workshop,is made by taking advantage of the timed property of Renew and the event response mechanism of Reference nets places. Concepts of the observable property and the monitor point of timed tokens are presented. Semantics and functionalities related to management of performance evaluation are supplied,including politic firing choosing,XML based tasks management,statistical variables,performance reports,simulator GUIs. The design pattern of system performance modeling in Renew is discussed. A case study of performance evaluation on a multi-threading server is made in the extended Renew system.
Effects of Calcium Oxide on Sintering-Separation of High IronBearing Bauxite

Reduction sintering- magnetic separation process was adopted to deal with high ironbearing bauxite. The effects of calcium oxide on sintering and Al-Fe separation effect of sintering product were analyzed. Components and microstructure of the reduced sintering product added different dosage of calcium oxide were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that metallization rate of sintering product reached 93. 95%,the mass fraction of Fe in the magnetic concentrate was 83. 10% and Al2O3 leaching rate of rich aluminum slag increased to 61. 14% when the mass fraction of calcium oxide is 70%. Ca O could completely react with Al2O3 and Si O2 to produce 12 Ca O·7Al2O3and Ca2 Si O2,respectively,while Fe element was well reduced to iron which can be well separated from non-ferrous gangues by the magnetic separation.
Mitral valve repair in the elderly: operative risk for patients over 70 years of age is acceptable.

AIM Mitral valve repair for degenerative disease is widely accepted. Because of low risk and excellent late outcomes, surgical intervention is recommended increasingly early when repair appears possible. The place of repair vis a vis continued medical therapy in the elderly, however, is less well defined as there are scant data on their surgical risk. We reviewed our recent results with mitral valvuloplasty for degenerative disease with attention to the influence of age. METHODS Thirty-day results of mitral valvuloplasty for degenerative disease between January 1996 and April 2000 were examined retrospectively. Patients with ischemic etiology were excluded. Results among those over age 70 years were compared with younger patients. RESULTS Of 140 patients (78 men and 62 women) aged 27 to 91 (mean 62+/-13) years (44 gs;70 years of age), 61 underwent isolated mitral valvuloplasty, 71 mitral valvuloplasty and coronary artery bypass, and 8 mitral valvuloplasty with other procedures. By multivariate analysis preoperative cardiogenic shock (0.001), but not age, was as a risk factor for death. Among patients stratified by age gs; or <70, there were differences in atrial fibrillation (47.7% vs 29.2%, p=0.03), prolonged ventilation (31.8% vs 15.6%, p=0.03) and hospital stay (median 9.5, range 5-285 vs median 6.5, range 2-36, p=0.001), but not 30-day readmission (15.9% vs 22.9%) or death (5.2% vs 9.1%, p=0.49). CONCLUSION Operative results for mitral valvuloplasty in the elderly are acceptable. Surgery should not be withheld on the basis of age alone.