cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a needle-type biosensor for intravascular glucose monitoring

Abstract A needle type glucose biosensor has been developed for monitoring glucose levels during the hemorrhagic shock in trauma patients. The sensor employs polyurethane, cellulose acetate or PVC layers as an outer glucose diffusion and protective membrane, and glucose oxidase enzyme entrapped in poly(1,3-phenylenediamine) film. Sensor performance was evaluated in vitro and the sensor shows a sensitivity of up to 35 nA mM and a linear range of up to 38 mM. Evaluation of the sensor response in serum showed similar sensitivity and linear range as obtained using calibration curves in buffer solution. The sensor has a short response time of 23 s. The sensors were operated continuously for 14 days in phosphate buffer solution, and no significant change in the sensitivity and the linear range was observed during the first 5 days. Sensors show a minimum change in their performance when stored inactive in buffer at 4 °C for at least eight weeks.
Book Review: Newtonian physic

Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits. D.C. Rao, M.A. Province. San Diego, Academic Press, 2001, xxi + 583 pp, $120 (formally, this is Advances in Genetics, vol 42)
Induction of Ras by SAF‐1/MAZ through a feed‐forward loop promotes angiogenesis in breast cancer

In the majority of breast cancers, overexpression and hyperactivation of Ras in the tumor microenvironment play significant role in promoting cancer cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We have previously shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in triple negative breast cancer cells is regulated, at least in part, by SAF-1 (serum amyloid A activating factor 1) transcription factor. In this study we show that transformation of normal MCF-10A breast epithelial cells by constitutively active, oncogenic Ras, induces the DNA-binding activity and transcription function of SAF-1. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of MEK/MAPK-signaling pathway prevents Ras-mediated activation of SAF-1. Interestingly, silencing of SAF-1 expression in breast cancer cells by SAF-1-specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) significantly reduced H-Ras and K-Ras mRNA level. We show that SAF-1 is a direct transcriptional regulator of H-Ras and K-Ras and overexpression of SAF-1 increases H-Ras and K-Ras gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses demonstrated in vivo interaction of SAF-1 at highly purine-rich sequences present at the proximal promoter region, upstream of the transcription start site, in H-Ras and K-Ras genes. Previous studies have shown that these sequences are nuclease hypersensitive and capable of forming G4 quadruplex structure. Together, our results show the presence of a novel transactivating loop, in which, Ras and SAF-1 are interconnected. These findings will help defining molecular mechanisms of abnormal overexpression of Ras in breast tumors, which seldom show genetic Ras mutations.
Decreased phospholipase C-β immunoreactivity, phosphoinositide metabolism, and protein kinase C activation in senescent F-344 rat brain

Abstract Phosphoinositide metabolism, phospholipase C immunoreactivity, and protein kinase C translocation were measured in brain slices of 6 - and 24-month-old F-344 rats. Basal phosphoinositide labeling and accumulation of [ 3 H]inositol phosphates were reduced in the 24-month-old rats. The cholinergic agonist, carbachol, induced lower net accumulations of inositol phosphates in striatal, hippocampal, and cortical slices of the aged rats. The dose-response curve for carbachol showed a significantly lower maximal response in the striatum of senescent rats, whereas the time course of [ 3 H]inositol incorporation into inositol metabolites and the accumulation of free [ 3 H]inositol in tissues from young and old animals were not different. Quantitative analyses showed marked reductions in endogenous brain levels of the phosphoinositides and in phospholipase C-β1 immunoreactivity, but no changes in phospholipase C-γ levels in aged animals. Moreover, basal protein kinase C activity and carbachol-mediated translocation of the enzyme were significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex of the senescent animals. These findings imply that aging is associated with alterations in the brain content, metabolism, and activity of phosphoinositide-derived second messengers in the F-344 rat brain.
Comparing the Quality of Students' Experiences During Cooperative Learning and Large-Group Instruction

The authors compared the experiences of college students during cooperative learning and large-group instruction. Undergraduate educational psychology students were assigned to small groups to discuss how they could apply important psychological principles to teaching-learning projects. Students were interrupted during cooperative learning and large-group instruction so that the authors could measure perceptions of their experiences with the experience sampling method (M. Csikszentmihalyi, K. Rathunde, & S. Whalen, 1993). Overall quality of experience was greater during cooperative learning; benefits occurred specifically for thinking on task, student engagement, perceptions of task importance, and optimal levels of challenge and skill. Students were more self-conscious and reported more difficulty concentrating during cooperative learning. Quality of experience did not differ across instructional contexts for high- vs. low-achieving students; high-achieving students experienced greater overall quality of...
Evaluation of acoustic correlates of speech under stress for robust speech recognition

Results are presented of an investigation of how speech characteristics change under varying levels of stress with specific application to improving automatic isolated-word speech recognition. The evaluation focused on five speech analysis domains: pitch, glottal source, intensity, duration, and vocal tract shaping. Goodness-of-fit statistical tests were used to ascertain the significance of parameter variation in each domain. Results from analysis of pitch and glottal source spectrum are presented. The findings suggest that such parameter information can be used reliably to aid in automatic isolated-word speech recognition in noisy stressful environments. >
The mystery of the pre-Grand Canyon Colorado River— Results from the Muddy Creek Formation

The Colorado River’s integration off the Colorado Plateau remains a classic mystery in geology, despite its pivotal role in the cutting of Grand Canyon and the region’s landscape evolution. The upper paleodrainage apparently reached the southern plateau in the Miocene, and recent work supports the longstanding idea that the river was superimposed over the Kaibab uplift by this time. Once off the plateau, the lower river integrated to the Gulf of California by downstream basin spillover from ca. 6–5 Ma. An unknown link remains: the history of the river in the western Grand Canyon region in Miocene time. One of the viable hypotheses put forward by previous workers—that the late Miocene Muddy Creek Formation represents the terminal deposits of the paleo–Colorado River in the Basin and Range northwest of Grand Canyon—is tested in this paper. Results indicate instead that local drainages along with the paleo–Virgin River are the likely sources of this sediment. The remaining hypothesis—that the paleo-upper Colorado River dissipated and infiltrated in the central-western Grand Canyon area—has modern analogs, provides a potential source for extensive Miocene spring and evaporite deposits adjacent to the southwestern plateau, and implies a groundwater-driven mechanism for capture of the upper drainage.
Exenatide blocks JAK1-STAT1 in pancreatic beta cells

Exenatide (Ex-4) is an antidiabetic drug that acts through the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor and has recently been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ex-4 also has been shown to affect beta cell gene expression and increase beta cell mass in rodent models of type 1 diabetes mellitus, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We therefore analyzed the pathways affected by Ex-4 in human islets by using oligonucleotide microarrays and the PathwayStudio software (Ariadne Genomics, Rockville, MD). We identified the JAK1-STAT1 pathway as a novel target of Ex-4 and confirmed the Ex-4-mediated down-regulation of JAK1 and STAT1 by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human islets and INS-1 cells. JAK1-STAT1 is the major signaling pathway mediating the interferon gamma effects on beta cell apoptosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Thus, these findings suggest that Ex-4 treatment may also be beneficial in type 1 diabetes mellitus, where it may help protect beta cells from cytokine-induced cell death by inhibiting JAK1-STAT1.
Mouse Eya homologues of the Drosophila eyes absent gene require Pax6 for expression in lens and nasal placode

We have identified and mapped three members of a new family of vertebrate genes, designated Eya1, Eya2 and Eya3, which share high sequence similarity with the Drosophila eyes absent (eya) gene. Comparison of all three murine Eya gene products and that encoded by the Drosophila eya gene defines a 271 amino acid carboxyl terminal Eya domain, which has been highly conserved during evolution. Eya1 and Eya2, which are closely related, are extensively expressed in cranial placodes, in the branchial arches and CNS and in complementary or overlapping patterns during organogenesis. Eya3 is also expressed in the branchial arches and CNS, but lacks cranial placode expression. All three Eya genes are expressed in the developing eye. Eyal is expressed in developing anterior chamber structures, including the lens placode, the iris and ciliary region and the prospective corneal ectoderm. Eyal is also expressed in retinal pigment epithelium and optic nerve. Eya2 is expressed in neural retina, sclera and optic nerve sheath. Moreover, Eya1 and Eya2 expressions in the lens and nasal placode overlap with and depend upon expression of Pax6. The high sequence similarity with Drosophila eya, the conserved developmental expression of Eya genes in the eye and the Pax6 dependence of Eya expression in the lens and nasal placode indicates that these genes likely represent functional homologues of the Drosophila eya gene. These results suggest that members of the Eya gene family play critical roles downstream of Pax genes in specifying placodal identity and support the idea that despite enormous morphological differences, the early development of insect and mammalian eyes is controlled by a conserved regulatory hierarchy.
Thermostable xylanase10B from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824.

The Clostridium acetobutylicum xylanase gene xyn10B (CAP0116) was cloned from the type strain ATCC 824, whose genome was recently sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of C. acetobutylicum xyn10B encodes a 318-amino acid protein. Xyn10B consists of a single catalytic domain that belongs to family 10 of glycosyl hydrolases. The enzyme was purified from recombinant Escherichia coli. The Xyn10B enzyme was highly active toward birchwood xylan, oat-spelt xylan, and moderately active toward avicel, carboxymethyl cellulose, polygalacturonic acid, lichenan, laminarin, barley-β-glucan and various p-nitrophenyl monosaccharides. Xyn10B hydrolyzed xylan and xylooligosaccharides to produce xylobiose and xylotriose. The pH optimum of Xyn10B was 5.0, and the optimal temperature was 70°C. The enzyme was stable at 60°C at pH 5.0–6.5 for 1 h without substrate. This is one of a number of xylan-related activities encoded on the large plasmid in C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
Phosphorylation-dependent interaction of the asialoglycoprotein receptor with molecular chaperones.

A membrane protein trafficking mutant (Trf1) of HuH-7 alters the asialoglycoprotein (ASGPR) and transferrin receptor subcellular distribution. Expression cloning of a cDNA complementing the trf1 mutation led to the discovery of a novel casein Kinase 2 catalytic subunit (CK2α′′). To purify potential CK2α′′ phosphorylation-dependent sorting proteins from cytosol, the ASGPR cytoplasmic domain was expressed as a GST fusion protein and immobilized on glutathione-agarose. In the absence of phosphorylation, only trace amounts of cytosol protein were bound and eluted. When the fusion protein was phosphorylated, a heterocomplex of potential sorting proteins was recovered. Mass spectrometer and immunoblot analysis identified five of these proteins as gp96, HSP70, HSP90, cyclophilin-A, and FKBP18. Treatment of HuH-7 with rapamycin to disrupt the heterocomplex reduced surface ASGPR binding activity by 65 ± 5.7%. In Trf1 cells, surface-binding activity was 48 ± 7% of that in HuH-7 and was not further reduced by rapamycin treatment. Immunoanalysis showed significantly fewer surface receptors on rapamycin-treated HuH7 cells than on nontreated cells, with no affect on the level of surface receptors in Trf1 cells. The data presented provide evidence that phosphorylation of the ASGPR cytoplasmic domain is required for the binding of specific molecular chaperones with the potential to regulate receptor trafficking.
Biliteracy and globalization: English language education in India

Biliteracy and globalization: English language education in India, by Viniti Vaish, Clevedon, UK, Multilingual Matters, 2008, 168 pp., £21.95, $44.95 (pbk), ISBN 1847690327 In a multilingual countr...
Film-Cooling Effectiveness on a Rotating Turbine Platform Using Pressure Sensitive Paint Technique

Film-cooling effectiveness is measured on a rotating turbine blade platform for coolant injection through discrete holes using pressure sensitive paint technique. Most of the existing literatures provide information only for stationary endwalls. The effects of rotation on the platform film-cooling effectiveness are not well documented. Hence, the existing three-stage turbine research facility at the Turbomachinery and Flow Performance Laboratory, Texas A&M University was redesigned and installed to enable coolant gas injection on the first stage rotor platform. Two distinct coolant supply loops were incorporated into the rotor to facilitate separate feeds for upstream cooling using stator-rotor gap purge flow and downstream discrete-hole film cooling. As a continuation of the previously published work involving stator-rotor gap purge cooling, this study investigates film-cooling effectiveness on the first stage rotor platform due to coolant gas injection through nine discrete holes located downstream within the passage region. Film-cooling effectiveness is measured for turbine rotor frequencies of 2400 rpm, 2550 rpm, and 3000 rpm corresponding to rotation numbers of Ro=0.18, 0.19, and 0.23, respectively. For each of the turbine rotational frequencies, film-cooling effectiveness is determined for average film-hole blowing ratios of Mholes=0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 2.0. To provide a complete picture of hub cooling under rotating conditions, simultaneous injection of coolant gas through upstream stator-rotor purge gap and downstream discrete film-hole is also studied. The combined tests are conducted for gap purge flow corresponding to coolant to mainstream mass flow ratio of MFR=1% with three downstream film-hole blowing ratios of Mholes=0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 for each of the three turbine speeds. The results for combined upstream stator-rotor gap purge flow and downstream discrete holes provide information about the optimum purge flow coolant mass, average coolant hole blowing ratios for each rotational speed, and coolant injection location along the passage to obtain efficient platform film cooling.
Polycystic liver disease presenting as acute abdomen

A 65-year old gentleman came in with an initial complaint of abdominal pain for 2 days. His pain was on the left side at the level of the umbilicus, intermittent, sharp and non-radiating, 10/10. He associated the pain with deep coughing and deep breaths and was not relieved with ibuprofen. His past medical history includes hypertension, surgery was called for suspected acute abdomen and subsequently a computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen was done with oral contrast which showed a cyst protruding from the liver juxtaposed to the abdominal viscera (Figure 1). Interventional radiology was called to drain the cyst and subsequent to the procedure the patient’s pain was relieved. The abdominal pain was explained by an impressive CT scan for a patient who had no diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) with extra renal manifestations.
Objective Measurement of Social Role Concepts via the Semantic Differential

A methodological study for quantifying the construct of role on three dimensions of a Semantic Differential: Evaluative, Potency, Activity. Male and female university students rated 8 social roles ...
Cardiac regeneration using human embryonic stem cells: producing cells for future therapy

Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has generated much interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Because of their ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body, hESCs offer a novel therapeutic paradigm for myocardial repair by furnishing a supply of cardiomyocytes (CMs) that would ultimately restore normal myocardial function when delivered to the damaged heart. Spontaneous CM differentiation of hESCs is an inefficient process that yields very low numbers of CMs. In addition, it is not clear that fully differentiated CMs provide the benefits sought from cell transplantation. The need for new methods of directed differentiation of hESCs into functional CMs and cardiac progenitors has led to an explosion of research utilizing chemical, genetic, epigenetic and lineage selection strategies to direct cardiac differentiation and enrich populations of cardiac cells for therapeutic use. Here, we review these approaches and highlight their increasingly important roles in stem cell biology and cardiac regenerative medicine.
Design of a Microchannel-Nanochannel-Microchannel Array Based Nanoelectroporation System for Precise Gene Transfection

A micro/nano-fabrication process of a nanochannel electroporation (NEP) array and its application for precise delivery of plasmid for non-viral gene transfection is described. A dip-combing device is optimized to produce DNA nanowires across a microridge array patterned on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface with a yield up to 95%. Molecular imprinting based on a low viscosity resin, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (1,4-BDDA), adopted to convert the microridge-nanowire-microridge array into a microchannel-nanochannel-microchannel (MNM) array. Secondary machining by femtosecond laser ablation is applied to shorten one side of microchannels from 3000 to 50 μm to facilitate cell loading and unloading. The biochip is then sealed in a packaging case with reservoirs and microfluidic channels to enable cell and plasmid loading, and to protect the biochip from leakage and contamination. The package case can be opened for cell unloading after NEP to allow for the follow-up cell culture and analysis. These NEP cases can be placed in a spinning disc and up to ten discs can be piled together for spinning. The resulting centrifugal force can simultaneously manipulate hundreds or thousands of cells into microchannels of NEP arrays within 3 minutes. To demonstrate its application, a 13 kbp OSKM plasmid of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) is injected into mouse embryonic fibroblasts cells (MEFCs). Fluorescence detection of transfected cells within the NEP biochips shows that the delivered dosage is high and much more uniform compared with similar gene transfection carried out by the conventional bulk electroporation (BEP) method.
An Interactive and Contextual Model of Community-University Collaborations for Research and Action

Community-university partnerships for research and action are at the heart of many fields in the social sciences including public health, urban planning, education, and community psychology. These partnerships involve individuals from different backgrounds and disciplines working together to address social issues of importance to the community. This article proposes an interactive and contextual model for developing and sustaining community-university partnerships. The phases in the model include gaining entry into the community, developing and sustaining a mutual collaboration (developing trust and mutual respect, establishing adequate communication, respecting human diversity, establishing a culture of learning, respecting the culture of the setting and the community, and developing an action agenda), and recognizing the benefits and outcomes of partnership work. The model also includes the potential challenges that might threaten the partnership, such as resource inequality and time commitment.
Replication Concepts for Bioenergy Research Experiments

While there are some large and fundamental differences among disciplines related to the conversion of biomass to bioenergy, all scientific endeavors involve the use of biological feedstocks. As such, nearly every scientific experiment conducted in this area, regardless of the specific discipline, is subject to random variation, some of which is unpredictable and unidentifiable (i.e., pure random variation such as variation among plots in an experiment, individuals within a plot, or laboratory samples within an experimental unit) while some is predictable and identifiable (repeatable variation, such as spatial or temporal patterns within an experimental field, a glasshouse or growth chamber, or among laboratory containers). Identifying the scale and sources of this variation relative to the specific hypotheses of interest is a critical component of designing good experiments that generate meaningful and believable hypothesis tests and inference statements. Many bioenergy feedstock experiments are replicated at an incorrect scale, typically by sampling feedstocks to estimate laboratory error or by completely ignoring the errors associated with growing feedstocks in an agricultural area at a field or farmland (micro- or macro-region) scale. As such, actual random errors inherent in experimental materials are frequently underestimated, with unrealistically low standard errors of statistical parameters (e.g., means), leading to improper inferences. The examples and guidelines set forth in this paper and many of the references cited are intended to form the general policy and guidelines for replication of bioenergy feedstock experiments to be published in BioEnergy Research.
Petri net synthesis and synchronization using knitting technique

The conventional Petri net (PN) synthesis approaches, in general, suffer the drawback of synthesizing limited classes of nets. However, the knitting technique can synthesize PNs beyond asymmetric-choice nets. In addition, one major advantage of the knitting technique is that the resultant PN is guaranteed to be live, bounded, and reversible-the well-behaved properties. Most current synthesis techniques cannot handle system with shared resources, Zhou and DiCesare (1991) presented the conditions of a PN containing sequential mutual exclusion (SME) to be live, bounded, and deadlock-free. The major motivation of this work is to generalize Zhou and DiCesare's work and to extend the authors' knitting technique (1994) to construct classes of PNs that involve synchronization and shared resources according to the synthesis rules. In addition, this paper begins the consideration of marking in the PN synthesis with knitting technique. >
Nucleostemin Delays Cellular Senescence and Negatively Regulates TRF1 Protein Stability

Nucleostemin (NS) encodes a nucleolar GTP-binding protein highly enriched in the stem cells and cancer cells. To determine its biological activity in vivo, we generated NS loss- and gain-of-function mouse models. The embryogenesis of homozygous NS-null (NS−/−) mice was aborted before the blastula stage. Although the growth and fertility of heterozygous NS-null (NS+/−) mice appeared normal, NS+/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) had fewer NS proteins, a lower population growth rate, and higher percentages of senescent cells from passage 5 (P5) to P7 than their wild-type littermates. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of NS could rescue the NS−/− embryo in a dose-dependent manner, increase the population growth rate, and reduce the senescent percentage of MEFs. Cell cycle analyses revealed increased pre-G1 percentages in the late-passage NS+/− MEF cultures compared to the wild-type cultures. We demonstrated that NS could interact with telomeric repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1) and enhance the degradation but not the ubiquitination of the TRF1 protein, which negatively regulates telomere length and is essential for early embryogenesis. This work demonstrates the roles of NS in establishing early embryogenesis and delaying cellular senescence of MEFs and reveals a mechanism of a NS-regulated degradation of TRF1.
Analysis of a deformable fracture in permeable material

SUMMARY The response of deformable fractures to changes in fluid pressure controls phenomena ranging from the flow of fluids near wells to the propagation of hydraulic fractures. We developed an analysis designed to simulate fluid flows in the vicinity of asperity-supported fractures at rest, or fully open fractures that might be propagating. Transitions between at-rest and propagating fractures can also be simulated. This is accomplished by defining contact aperture as the aperture when asperities on a closing fracture first make contact. Locations on a fracture where the aperture is less than the contact aperture are loaded by both fluid pressure and effective stress, whereas locations where the aperture exceeds the contact aperture are loaded only by fluid pressure. Fluid pressure and effective stress on the fracture are determined as functions of time by solving equations of continuity in the fracture and matrix, and by matching the global displacements of the fracture walls to the local deformation of asperities. The resulting analysis is implemented in a numerical code that can simulate well tests or hydraulic fracturing operations. Aperture changes during hydraulic well tests can be measured in the field, and the results predicted using this analysis are similar to field observations. The hydraulic fracturing process can be simulated from the inflation of a pre-existing crack, to the propagation of a fracture, and the closure of the fracture to rest on asperities or proppant. Two-dimensional, multi-phase fluid flow in the matrix is included to provide details that are obscured by simplifications of the leakoff process (Carter-type assumptions) used in many hydraulic fracture models. Execution times are relatively short, so it is practical to implement this code with parameter estimation algorithms to facilitate interpretation of field data. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular localization of the full profile of the continuous regions recognized by myoglobin-primed T-cells using synthetic overlapping peptides encompassing the entire molecule.

The molecular localization of the full antigenic profile for T-cell recognition of a complex multi-determinant protein antigen has not to date been accomplished. Previously, this laboratory has introduced a comprehensive strategy for the systematic localization of all continuous antigenic sites within a protein. This strategy depends on the synthesis of a series of overlapping peptides that together account for the entire structure of a protein. Such a strategy has been applied, in this report, to the delineation of the continuous sites of T-cell recognition of sperm whale myoglobin. Thirteen peptides, accounting for the entire protein chain, were synthesized and subsequently examined in vitro for their ability to stimulate lymph node cells from myoglobin primed DBA/2 (H-2d) mice, a known high responder. This strategy has enabled for the first time the localization of the full profile of the protein regions which contain the sites of T-cell recognition. Three regions gave a high response (one being immunodominant and coinciding with antigenic, i.e. antibody binding, site 4 of myoglobin). At least three regions appear to coincide with previously known antigenic (antibody binding) sites. Noteworthy is the finding of regions that are recognized by T-cells but to which no detectable antibody response is directed.
Engineering Geologic Data for Land-Use Planning

Engineering geologists have directed much of their effort in recent years into providing information on the geologic environment for planners and engineers. Various geologic mapping concepts, procedures, and formats have resulted, but there are two basic conceptual approaches; one involves standard geologic maps with the subsequent interpretation of engineering properties of conventional geologic units; the other requires the creation of special engineering geologic maps and the definition of new or unconventional units that may be evaluated with respect to their suitability for a particular land use. Future developments will be directed toward more comprehensive investigations, ones in which individual components of the geologic environment are studied and mapped separately, and toward the development of more representative land-use mapping units, definable with respect to the total environment and suitable for mapping and evaluation by computer analysis.
A Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic Microfluidic Calorimeter for ELISA Biosensing

The expense and difficulty of current biomarker detection methods is driving the design of microfluidic detection platforms. A ceramic microfluidic biosensor has been developed for conducting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using a novel polymerization amplified thermal detection (PATD) scheme. Prototype testing has yielded several results that support the viability of this device. It was seen that LTCC is an effective and durable substrate for the temperature sensor. Noise testing with our prototype revealed that our temperature sensors can detect changes as small as 0.01 K. Additional temperature testing showed that the thermistor behavior matches the expected thermistor beta equation. Finally, it was shown that polymerization reaction induction time is inversely proportional to glucose oxidase (GOx) initiator concentration. These preliminary results provide a foundation for future work developing the sensor into a protein detection device with cancer prognosis applications.
Abstract W P83: The Clinical Sequelae of Intraprocedural Aneurysmal Ruptures

Introduction: Aneurysmal (SAH) continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, despite advances in neuro critical care and management of vasospasm. Endovascular techniques have evolved rapidly and are safe alternatives to surgical clipping. Nonetheless, intra procedural ruptures are a serious complication with long term consequences. Our aims were to note the vital sign changes leading up to an intraprocedural rupture and to determine clinical outcomes of patients who had experienced such an event. We investigated whether patients who received immediate balloon assistance upon rupture fared better post-procedurally. Methods: This study utilized a single institution retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of intraprocedural aneurysmal ruptures from July of 2009 to July 2014 at the Medical University of South Carolina. Patient charts and angiographic records were reviewed. All cases were performed under general anesthesia in the neuro interventional suite with invasive blood pressure mon...
High Crimes and Misdemeanors: Defining the Constitutional Limits on Presidential Impeachment

This article addresses the problem of defining those offenses for which a President of the United States may constitutionally be impeached and removed from office. It also considers the even more nettlesome questions of whether there are impeachable offenses for which Congress could, but need not, constitutionally remove a President, and if such offenses exist, how Congress should exercise its discretion either to impeach or to hold its hand. The article had its genesis in a statement by the authors submitted to the House Judiciary Committee on behalf of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers during its proceedings regarding the impeachment of President Clinton. This final much-expanded version was written after the conclusion of the Clinton impeachment proceedings in the Senate and is informed by the course those proceedings took, but is not, strictly speaking, an article about the Clinton impeachment. Instead, the article approaches the issue of defining impeachable offenses more generally, reviewing history, text, and scholarship to discern the meaning of the constitutional phrase Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. In doing so, the article deals principally with five interpretive questions that recurred throughout the Clinton impeachment process, and that will certainly reemerge in any future presidential impeachment controversy: 1. Must an impeachable offense be a crime? 2. If non-criminal conduct is impeachable, what distinguishes impeachable from non-impeachable non-criminal conduct? 3. Is all criminal conduct a proper ground for impeachment? 4. If not all crimes are impeachable offenses, what distinguishes impeachable crimes from non-impeachable crimes? 5. Finally, is there a category of impeachable offenses for which the congress should nonetheless not impeach? The article concludes that there are impeachable offenses for which Congress may constitutionally and properly decide not to impeach or remove a President. The article proposes a model akin to the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in filing criminal charges for analyzing the congressional decision on impeachment and removal. Finally, the article considers whether Congress ought properly to consider the legal processes and political context in which allegations of impeachable behavior are unearthed and levelled. We conclude that, while Presidents must obey the law, the impeachment calculus may in the extraordinary case require a judgment about the legal process that unearthed or even induced allegedly unlawful presidential behavior. Impeachment is a political tool whose constitutional function is to remove officials whose presence in office disserves the country. As a political process, impeachment can equally aptly, and equally constitutionally, be used as a vehicle to express disapproval of a method of politics more destructive of the public welfare than the continuance in office of a particular officeholder.
Effect of large ribosomal subunit proteins on ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle

Ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle are coordinated processes. Recent studies in mammalian cell lines have showed that ribosome biogenesis is linked to tumorgenesis, where mutation or depletion of r...
Remot-IO: a System for Reaching into the Environment of a Remote Collaborator

In this paper we present Remot-IO, a system for mobile collaboration and remote assistance around Internet connected devices. The system uses two Head Mounted Displays, cameras and depth sensors to enable a remote expert to be immersed in a local user's point of view and control devices in that user?s environment. The remote expert can provide guidance through the use of hand gestures that appear in real-time in the local user?s field of view as superimposed 3D hands. In addition, the remote expert is able to operate devices in the novice?s environment and bring about physical changes by using the same hand gestures the novice would use. We describe a smart radio where the knobs of the radio can be controlled by local and remote user alike. Moreover, the user can visualize, interact and modify properties of sound waves in real time by using intuitive hand gestures.
Examining the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion in White Collar Crime

This essay discusses pedagogical issues arising from the examination of prosecutorial discretion in white collar criminal law. The focus is on prosecutions where the statutory boundaries are unclear, with an emphasis on insider trading in general and the Martha Stewart case in particular. Policy issues such as vagueness and overbreadth, over-federalization, and over-criminalization course through the discussion.
Biomarkers and mechanisms associated with recurrent prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among men in the United States. Although, recent advancement in diagnostic tools has significantly increased early detection and decreased cases of advanced diseases, high numbers of patients who underwent treatment still experience recurrent disease at distant sites, after long periods of remission. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the pathological mechanism of the tumor recurrence in order to identify better therapeutic targets and also to distinguish patients with indolent disease from patients with recurrent disease at the time of surgery for optimization of therapeutic intervention. Recurrent tumor cells disseminate at a very early stage even before diagnosis of localized disease and remain dormant as “residual disease” in patients for a long period of time. Colonization and recurrent growth at distant site requires acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations and remodeling of signaling pathways. This review focuses on recent advances on identification of biomarkers associated with early and late recurrent disease as well as mechanisms involved during recurrence of prostate cancer.
Psychosocial Documentation: Are Your Objectives Functional, Measurable and Reimbursable?

Effective goals and objectives express the practitioner's knowledge of: (1) their practice area, (2) the specific client, and (3) the client's needs from their own perspective. Through documentation, practitioners demonstrate the clinical reasoning process. Goals and objectives commit one's intentions for intervention explicitly in writing. Their simplicity disguises the skill required to achieve clarity and articulate the process and outcome desired. This paper critiques the skill of writing objectives (short-term goals) in mental health practice, and discusses the need for precise documentation in the context of the crisis confronting occupational therapy in this arena.
Symmetries of the cube and outer automorphisms of S6

Let Sn denote the group of all permutations of the set {1, 2,.. ., n}. Each element a of a group G induces an automorphism (g)8a = a-'ga. Such an automorphism is called inner, otherwise an automorphism is called outer. It is well known [4, Theorem 7.4] that Sn has no outer automorphisms if n * 6. Holder [1] proved in 1895 that S6 has an outer automorphism. The article of Janusz and Rotman [2] is an extremely well written account of various proofs given since 1895 of the existence of an outer automorphism of S6. That article also gives an explicit construction of an outer automorphism of S6 of order 2 and a proof that the automorphism group of S6 is generated by this outer automorphism together with all inner automorphisms. (A simplification of the Janusz-Rotman article appears in [5].) The purpose of this article is to present a heuristic argument that suggests the possibility of an outer automorphism of S6. This argument will be pursued until it yields an explicit construction of an outer automorphism. The construction here will be quite a bit different from those given previously. To begin, recall that an isometry of R is a bijection which preserves distance. The set of all isometries of 3 forms a group under composition of functions. An isometry which fixes the origin can be identified with a 3 x 3 orthogonal matrix. Recall that a matrix X is orthogonal if its transpose is its inverse. Such a matrix, of course, has determinant + 1. The set of all such matrices forms the orthogonal group 0(3, 11R). Now consider a cube in R3 centered at the origin and positioned so that the x, y, and z-axes, with right hand orientation, go through the centers of the 6 faces. Label the positive and negative axes with the numbers 1,2,.. ., 6 as in figure 1. Let H be the group of isometries on the cube. Our goal is to show that
Substitutes for Beeswax in Comb and Comb Foundation

The idea of using plastic materials in hives for honey storage and brood rearing may sound like a modern concept, but it is in fact quite an old one. This article tells the intriguing story of beekeepers' attempts to find a durable, tough and sterilizable substitute for beeswax. Although the search has been going on actively for a hundred years, the final solution has still not been found—largely because of the high cost of providing anything that the bees will accept. The bees may yet defeat the beekeeper in the battle for factory farming.
Stress and child development: a review of the Family Stress Model

In the present report, we provide an illustrative review of the Family Stress Model (FSM) framework [ 1 ] to understand how family stress influences children across development in physical, social–emotional, and cognitive domains. We note that the FSM as a theory has evolved through inspection of: (a) new explanatory pathways (mediators); (b) factors that moderate FSM pathways; and (c) joint tests of competing models. Also important, most researchers cited in this review used longitudinal designs to test the proposed causal ordering of FSM pathways, which replicated among a diverse set of families varied in structure, ethnic background, and geographic location. We encourage continued FSM scholarship with prevention and intervention efforts in mind.
Ghostwriting — More than Meets the Eye; Ghostwriting — Attorneys in Disguise: A Proposal for Handling Pro Se Parties Who Seek Limited Representation in Federal Court

Attorney ghostwriting occurs when a party appears before a court without disclosing to the court that they have retained counsel, and the retained counsel writes briefs that the court and opposing counsel believe are authored by the apparently pro se party. This practice has received significant criticism, especially from federal court judges. This criticism arises because the Supreme Court of the United States has directed that pro se pleadings should be read “with less stringent standards” than those accorded to pleadings prepared by an attorney, and when an attorney ghostwrites a pleading for a party that appears to be proceeding pro se, the court reads these arguments more liberally than it otherwise might. Courts, bar associations, ethics boards, and commentators have taken numerous steps and made multiple recommendations in response to this practice. Some have suggested that attorney ghostwriting be allowed without any regulation, arguing that it does not in fact pose a true problem for the courts. Others have argued that some instances of attorney ghostwriting should be allowed, as long as the court has some notice that a party is receiving the assistance of counsel. And others have maintained that the practice constitutes a form of fraud and should be banned outright. This Comment examines the motivations for attorney ghostwriting, and seeks to offer a practical approach to resolving a deepening split in the federal courts concerning the propriety of the practice. This Comment posits that federal courts will continue to hesitate to fully endorse attorney ghostwriting and will require some form of disclosure from any party that has retained counsel, even if counsel has been retained for only a limited purpose, like drafting a motion or other pleading. This Comment suggests that courts accord some deference to a party that has retained counsel for a limited purpose, as long as the scope of this limited representation has been disclosed to the court. This Comment argues that the party receiving limited representation provide notice to the court regarding the nature of the representation he or she has retained, so the court can accord deference throughout the proceeding. This Comment examines how this deference might be applied in practice. In the end, this Comment maintains that encouraging parties to seek counsel, and rewarding them for doing so, would likely resolve the present circuit-split in a way that would be amenable to federal jurists and afford increased opportunities for individuals to receive justice.
Preventing Youth Internalizing Symptoms Through the Familias Unidas Intervention: Examining Variation in Response.

Prevention programs that strengthen parenting and family functioning have been found to reduce poor behavioral outcomes in adolescents, including substance use, HIV risk, externalizing and internalizing problems. However, there is evidence that not all youth benefit similarly from these programs. Familias Unidas is a family-focused intervention designed to prevent substance use and sexual risk among Hispanic youth and has recently demonstrated unanticipated reductions in internalizing symptoms for some youth. This paper examines variation in intervention response for internalizing symptoms using individual-level data pooled across four distinct Familias Unidas trials: (1) 266 eighth grade students recruited from the general school population; (2) 160 ninth grade students from the general school population; (3) 213 adolescents with conduct, aggression, and/or attention problems; and (4) 242 adolescents with a delinquency history. Causal inference growth mixture modeling suggests a three-class model. The two largest classes represent youth with low (60 %) and medium (27 %) internalizing symptoms at baseline, and both intervention and control participants show reductions in internalizing symptoms. The third class (13 %) represents youth with high levels of baseline internalizing symptoms who remain at steady levels of internalizing symptoms when exposed to the intervention, but who experience an increase in symptoms under the control condition. Female gender, low baseline levels of parent–adolescent communication, and older age were associated with membership in the high-risk class. These synthesis analyses involving a large sample of youth with varying initial risk levels represent a further step toward strengthening our knowledge of preventive intervention response and improving preventive interventions.
Local Inflammatory Reaction to Vancomycin-Laden Bone Cement

Abstract Background: Antibiotic-laden bone cement is used commonly for fixation of primary hip arthroplasty and in the creation of spacers for treatment of orthopedic infections. We report an adverse event associated with the use of a vancomycin-laden bone cement spacer for treatment of a total knee arthroplasty infection. Case Presentation: A 60-year old Hispanic male developed chronic total knee arthroplasty infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci and anaerobic bacteria. He received systemic vancomycin and a vancomycin-laden cement spacer. During treatment, the patient developed a macular rash that resolved with discontinuation of intravenous vancomycin. He completed a six-week course of antibiotics uneventfully. When the patient returned to the operating room for revision arthroplasty, substantial local inflammation was found in the frozen sections. The vancomycin-laden cement spacer was removed and replaced with a spacer that did not contain vancomycin. No organisms were found on either r...
Konsep Relasi Manusia Berdasarkan Pemikiran Martin Buber

When moving from one place to another, people encounter a variety of things and persons. They encounter physical things, meet other people, and interact with them in a way that might be sensed as ‘divine’. The meanings emerging through human interactions in life appear when there is a presence of other human beings in the surrounding. Humans realise their meaningfulness within themselves when others find the same thing as well, that is, in realising the presence. Life turns into a meaningful experience when human beings treat their neighbours as a human being, and not as an object that does not react or respond when encountered. Regarding the others as a representation of our own relatedness with the divine may enable us respect human life, more than we value ourselves, for we realise that our relationship with fellow human beings is not the same as with objects around us. Our relation with the divine is situated in connectedness with other people so as to experience the beauty in relation. The divine needs humans not because he is weak, but because he has the desire to save and to make human’s life meaningful.