cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab Initio-Based Kinetic Modeling for the Design of Molecular Catalysts: The Case of H2 Production Electrocatalysts

Design of fast, efficient electrocatalysts for energy production and energy utilization requires a systematic approach to predict and tune the energetics of reaction intermediates and the kinetic barriers between them as well as to tune reaction conditions (e.g., concentration of reactants, acidity of the reaction medium, and applied electric potential). Thermodynamics schemes based on the knowledge of pKa values, hydride donor ability, redox potentials, and other relevant thermodynamic properties have been demonstrated to be very effective for exploring possible reaction pathways. We seek to identify high-energy intermediates, which may represent a catalytic bottleneck, and low-energy intermediates, which may represent a thermodynamic sink. In this study, working on a well-established Ni-based bioinspired electrocatalyst for H2 production, we performed a detailed kinetic analysis of the catalytic pathways to assess the limitations of our current (standard state) thermodynamic analysis with respect to pre...
Trade Area Analysis Using Trend Surface Mapping

Trade area analysis has long been recognized as one of the fundamental prerequisites for successful marketing management. Not only is such analysis essential for effectively allocating firm resources, but it is vital as an initial step in understanding consumer behavior [18, pp. 128-9]. Thus, over the past 50 years numerous attempts have been made to provide an efficient method for defining and delineating trade areas. For example, in 1933 McGill [13] attempted to develop a suitable analytic method, and most marketers are familiar with the Law of Retail Gravitation [17], a pioneering effort to establish trade area boundaries mathematically, as well as the work in [1, 2, 4, 9]. Despite advances in trade area analysis, it still remains that the "difficulty in developing yardsticks to measure trading areas has not yet been overcome" [6, p. 283]. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to approach the problem of quantitatively defining and delineating trade areas from a slightly different perspective-that of trend surface mapping. In this manner, an objective, parsimonious map of consumer spatial behavior, unconstrained by unrealistic boundaries or assumptions, can be constructed. A second, closely related topic-that of examining and explaining any anomalies which may exist in a particular trade area-is also considered.
Atomic Structure of Deep Level Defects in Dimethylaluminum Methoxide-Doped GaAs

GaAs epilayers doped with dimethylaluminum methoxide (DMA1MO), an alkoxide bearing a pre-formed Al-O molecule, have been investigated using local vibrational mode (LVM) absorption and deep level transient spectroscopy measurements. LVM measurements indicated that oxygen and aluminum atoms are incorporated into GaAs layer as a complex and remain bound in the volume of the crystal. Electron traps with activation energies of 0.74 and 0.93 eV below the conduction band are main deep level defects responsible for the electrical and optical properties of the layers. Interpretation of the relationship between trap concentration and growth conditions led to the conclusion that the 0.93 and 0.74 eV traps have the atomic structures in which oxygen atom is bonded to one (AlO) and two aluminum atoms (A12O), respectively.
Imaging of Defects in Cadmium Telluride using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy

The defect structure of cadmium telluride has been investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The variation of the TEM images with the defocus value is discussed, and defect symmetry considerations are used to correlate the image contrast characteristics with the lattice struc ture. Experimental micrographs of stacking faults and dislocations in the structure are analyzed.
Comparison of Growth Rate, Body Weight, and Feed Conversion Between Coturnix D1 Quail and Bobwhite Quail

Abstract Coturnix D1 quail reached mature body size (162 g) in six weeks. Bobwhite quail required 12 weeks to reach comparable body size. The D1 were sexually mature at this age while the Bobwhite were not sexually mature until after 16 weeks of age. The Bobwhite quail exhibited better feed efficiency; however, twice as many D1 quail could be reared in the same period as Bobwhite making the D1 more economical to produce.
Growth and Retrogression in Larvae of Trogoderma glabrum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). 2. Factors Influencing Pupation

Pupation of female Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst) is inhibited by small rearing containers and stimulated by relatively high population density. In the absence of a granular substrate and males of the species, mature females fail to pupate, and they undergo additional larval molts. Pupation is weakly stimulated by long-day photo-periods. Female larvae that have undergone several retromolts regain weight and maturity rapidly when incubated in nutrient medium. Regrown larvae fail to pupate at optimal rate unless exposed to both long-day photoperiods and males of the species.
Production and reproductive performance of hexaparental and octaparental mice

The production of hexaparental and octaparental mice following embryo aggregation is reported. These mice were progeny-tested to determine which cell components were contributing to gamete formation. One chimera (No. 15) was shown to be producing eggs from all three cell strains--white, yellow, and black. The other chimeras tested were not forming germ cells from all of the cell strains involved. The use of these animals for obtaining a minimum estimate of the number of cells giving rise to the embryo proper is discussed. The suggestion is made that multi-embryo aggregates may actually be developmentally different from normal sized embryos and this may result in modified mechanisms of cell recruitment.
Pharmacologic antagonism of beta adrenergic blockade in dogs. II. Hemodynamic effects of simultaneous intravenous infusion of isoproterenol and dopamine during chronic propranolol administration.

Chronic beta adrenergic blockade was induced in eight dogs with 240 to 360 mg of oral propranolol daily for 2 to 6 weeks. Beta blockade was confirmed by a minimal heart rate response to isoproterenol, 0.06 μg/kg/min, in a pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest preparation. Subsequent to confirmation of beta blockade, hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol and dopamine were examined individually and in combination. A desirable balance of arterial pressure and cardiac output was achieved by combining isoproterenol, 0.2 to 2.0 μg/kg/min, with dopamine, 5 to 20 μg/kg/min. This combination increased mean arterial pressure (109 ± 9 versus 81 ± 7), cardiac output (4.3 ± .5 versus 2.8 ± .3 L/min) and heart rate 156 ± 4 versus 120 ± 7) (p
Persistent racial and ethnic disparities in flu vaccination coverage: Results from a population-based study

Background The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends annual flu vaccination for all adults. We aimed to identify predictors of receiving a flu vaccination, with an emphasis on the impact of race and ethnicity. Methods We used data from the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey and included all individuals aged ≥18 years. We performed a survey-weighted logistic regression on receipt of flu vaccination within the last year, adjusted by demographic and socioeconomic variables, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Our study included a population-weighted sample of 27,796,484 individuals. Overall, 35.8% received a flu vaccination within the last year. Blacks were 33% less likely (95% CI, 21%-43%) to have been vaccinated than whites. Conversely, Koreans (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.35-2.33) and Vietnamese (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07) were more likely than whites to have been vaccinated. No differences were seen between whites and the remaining racial and ethnic groups (Latino, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, South Asian, Asian other, and other). Conclusions Racial and ethnic disparities in flu vaccination uptake exist in California. Namely, blacks have lower vaccination rates than whites, and there are disparate vaccination rates among the Asian-American subgroups. Efforts to increase vaccination rates among these groups are needed.
FDA Regulatory Aspects of Food Irradiation

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requires that a food that has been irradiated may not be sold in the United States unless the Department of Health and Human Services finds that the food is safe and issues a regulation specifying safe conditions of irradiation. This presentation briefly outlines the types of information needed to issue an authorizing regulation, describes the conditions under which food may currently be irradiated, and discusses the basis for current regulations.
A Conceptual Content Analysis of 75 Years of Diversity Research in Public Administration

Diversity is an important facet of public administration, thus it is important to take stock and examine how the discipline has evolved in response to questions of representative democracy, social ...
Early Adjuvant Treatment after Risk-Adapted Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis: Increased Hospitalizations and Impaired Immune Recovery but Improved Responses and Overall Survival.

High-dose melphalan (MEL) with autologous stem cell transplant (SCT) is an effective therapy for systemic light-chain amyloidosis (AL) and a risk-adapted approach to MEL dosing minimizes transplant-related mortality (BJH2007; 139). The depth and duration of hematologic response to treatment with SCT or conventional chemotherapy have been shown to correlate with overall survival (OS). Patients who do not achieve a complete hematologic response (CR) after SCT and are initially observed have a median OS of 24 months (Leukemia Lymphoma2000;37:245). In an effort to improve the OS of those not achieving CR, and based partly on trials in multiple myeloma showing benefit, we have explored adding early adjuvant therapy (AT) to the treatment of AL patients with persistent clonal plasma cell disease post-SCT. We have enrolled patients on two consecutive SCT+AT protocols, the first utilizing adjuvant dexamethasone (Dex) +/− Thalidomide (Thal) and the second Dex + Bortezomib (Bort). AT was added at 2 or 3 months post-SCT for those with partial hematologic response or stable hematologic disease. We assessed the outcomes on these protocols with respect to AT-related mortality, hospitalizations in the first year post-SCT, immune recovery and OS. Sixty-four patients enrolled on these trials and 59 survived 2 to 3 months post-SCT to be evaluated for hematologic response. Seventeen were observed without AT while 42 received AT (10 Dex, 21 Dex+Thal, 11 Dex+Bort). There were no deaths due to AT. Thirteen of the 42 patients receiving AT (31%) were hospitalized during the first year post-SCT (6 with pneumonia [5 viral, 1 fungal]; 1 with sinusitis and S. pneumo bacteremia; 3 with congestive heart failure; 2 with pulmonary emboli; 1 with avascular necrosis of the hip) as compared to 2 hospitalizations (1 with engraftment syndrome; 1 with diarrheal illness) in the 17 patients not receiving AT (12%; p= 0.23 by χ 2 ). At 1 year post-SCT median absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) and IgG levels were lower in the AT group (ALC: 1.0 (0.4–2.9) vs 1.7 (0.9–5.1), p=0.01; IgG: 569 (205–1650) vs 867 (635–1200), p=0.04, two-tailed Mann-Whitney), and IgA recovery at 1 year was impaired in the AT group as well (p=0.07). Twenty-four of the 42 patients receiving AT (57%) had improved hematologic responses, including 10 of 11 patients receiving Dex+Bort, with 13 of 42 achieving CR (31%). Median overall survival has not been reached for those with CR to SCT and is 59 months for those who received AT (p=0.06). In sum, AL patients in this series receiving early AT post-SCT were more frequently hospitalized in the first year and had impaired immune recovery. However, over half of the AT patients had improved hematologic responses and, as a cohort, the median overall survival of AT patients was more than twice that of historical controls receiving SCT followed by observation alone.
Distance learning strategies for weight management utilizing online social networks versus group phone conference call.

SummaryObjective The increase in technology and online social networks (OSNs) may present healthcare providers with an innovative modality for delivering weight management programmes that could have an impact on health care at the population level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using an OSN to deliver a weight loss programme to inform future, large-scale trials. Methods Seventy individuals (age = 47 ± 12.4, minority = 24.3%) with obesity (BMI = 36.2 ± 4.0) completed a 6-month weight loss intervention and were randomized to either a conference call or OSN delivery group. Weight loss was achieved by reducing energy intake by 500–700 kcal·d−1 below estimated total daily energy expenditure and progressing physical activity to 300 min/week. Behavioural weight loss strategies were delivered weekly throughout the intervention. Results Conference call and OSN groups produced clinically meaningful weight loss of ≥5% from baseline to 6 months (phone = −6.3 ± 6.4%, OSN = −5.8 ± 6.7%). There was no significant difference in weight change between groups (p = 0.765). Conclusion The phone and OSN groups met the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/The Obesity Society's Guidelines by reducing baseline weight by 5–10% within 6 months. OSNs appear to be a viable delivery platform for weight loss interventions; however, larger scale adequately powered trials are needed.
Neural network predictions of oxygen interactions on a dynamic Pd surface

Artificial neural networks (NNs) are increasingly common in quantum chemistry applications. These models can be trained to higher-level ab-initio calculations and are capable of achieving arbitrary...
Response-adapted volume de-escalation (RAVD) of radiotherapy (RT) using induction chemotherapy (IC) in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (LA-HNSCC).

6050 Background: Risk stratified treatment approaches are needed in LA-HNSCC. This study determined if RT volumes can be significantly reduced in IC responders without compromising disease control....
Detention under the law of armed conflict

Despite recent hard-earned experience during international and non-international armed conflicts in places like Afghanistan and Iraq, and in peacekeeping missions around the world, the international community continues to struggle practically and conceptually with detention of belligerents. The struggle includes questions ranging from when individuals may be detained and for how long, to determining the applicable legal regime. While this myriad of issues is vexing, they are neither as new, nor the applicable law as lacking, as has been argued. This chapter takes a pragmatic approach to detention and suggests that the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocols, outmoded and seemingly inapplicable though they may be in some respects, offer the most thorough, humane, realistic and readily available option for determining how to treat and when to release non-state actors detained during a non-international armed conflict. This chapter proposes to cut the legal Gordian Knot of detention with a policy sword, intermingling types and applications of the law of armed conflict and conflating treatment standards from Geneva Convention III with the civilian internment and release provisions of Geneva Convention IV.
Impact statement: “Using claims data linked with electronic health records to monitor and improve adherence to medication”

In the next article of this issue of IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, we propose a Markov decision process (MDP) predicting the potential impact of medication adherence, statin ...
Unique Practice, Unique Place: Exploring Two Assertive Community Treatment Teams in Maine.

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a model of care that provides comprehensive community-based psychiatric care for persons with serious mental illness. This model has been widely documented an...
Influence of racial disparities on patient-reported satisfaction and short- and long-term perception of health status after elective lumbar spine surgery

OBJECTIVE In spine surgery, racial disparities have been shown to impact various aspects of surgical care. Previous studies have associated racial disparities with inferior surgical outcomes, including increased complication and 30-day readmission rates after spine surgery. Recently, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and satisfaction measures have been proxies for overall quality of care and hospital reimbursements. However, the influence that racial disparities have on short- and long-term PROs and patient satisfaction after spine surgery is relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of racial disparities on 3- and 12-month PROs and patient satisfaction after elective lumbar spine surgery. METHODS This study was designed as a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database. The medical records of adult (age ≥ 18 years) patients who had undergone elective lumbar spine surgery for spondylolisthesis (grade 1), disc herniation, or stenosis at a major academic institution were included in this study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, postoperative complications, and 30-day readmission rates were collected. Patients had prospectively collected outcome and satisfaction measures. Patient-reported outcome instruments-Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale for back pain (VAS-BP), and VAS for leg pain (VAS-LP)-were completed before surgery and at 3 and 12 months after surgery, as were patient satisfaction measures. RESULTS The authors identified 345 medical records for 53 (15.4%) African American (AA) patients and 292 (84.6%) white patients. Baseline patient demographics and comorbidities were similar between the two cohorts, with AA patients having a greater body mass index (33.1 ± 6.6 vs 30.2 ± 6.4 kg/m2, p = 0.005) and a higher prevalence of diabetes (35.9% vs 16.1%, p = 0.0008). Surgical indications, operative variables, and postoperative variables were similar between the cohorts. Baseline and follow-up PRO measures were worse in the AA cohort, with patients having a greater baseline ODI (p < 0.0001), VAS-BP score (p = 0.0002), and VAS-LP score (p = 0.0007). However, mean changes from baseline to 3- and 12-month PROs were similar between the cohorts for all measures except the 3-month VAS-BP score (p = 0.046). Patient-reported satisfaction measures at 3 and 12 months demonstrated a significantly lower proportion of AA patients stating that surgery met their expectations (3 months: 47.2% vs 65.5%, p = 0.01; 12 months: 35.7% vs 62.7%, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The study data suggest that there is a significant difference in the perception of health, pain, and disability between AA and white patients at baseline and short- and long-term follow-ups, which may influence overall patient satisfaction. Further research is necessary to identify patient-specific factors associated with racial disparities that may be influencing outcomes to adequately measure and assess overall PROs and satisfaction after elective lumbar spine surgery.
Chronicities of Modernity and the Contained Body as an Explanation for the Global Pandemic of Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome

With the diffusion of modernity throughout the world, we see the rise of the global pandemic of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Chronicities in diet and physical activity related to development and urbanization increase the numbers of people developing diabetes. Modern kinds of work, foods consumed, cultural beliefs, and living and work spaces all pattern and routinize behaviors. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome reflect the body’s biological response to social and cultural structures that routinize daily behaviors and contain the physical body. Throughout human evolution seasonal variation in physical activities, and the foods eaten, promoted good cardiovascular and metabolic fitness. Variation in physical activities and foods is the normal; chronic physical inactivity, overnutrition, and recurrent psychosocial stress are the abnormal.
Technological Change, Market Decline, and Industrial Relations in the U.S. Steel Industry

In the 1960s, the United States led the world in steel production: the economy was booming, the work force was young, and foreign competition was minimal. However, on closer scrutiny signs of change were evident as early as the 1950s.1 The domestic integrated steel producers had failed to adopt new steelmaking processes as fast as their competitors and were beginning to lose their technological superiority.
MOVING GENES: PROMISES KEPT AND PENDING

Publisher Summary Recombinant DNA technology has fulfilled its expectations in altering the picture of the mammalian genome. However, it has been suggested that many of the promises offered by the emerging recombinant DNA technology and its safety were unrealistic and, in any case, could be kept by using other unspecified techniques. Major practical goals could be reached using recombinant DNA technology. The production of protein hormones, interferon, and useful fermentation organisms were among the immediate short-term goals. This chapter discusses the way in which a large number of laboratories using these powerful new techniques have changed the way of thinking about the mammalian genome. Evidence has been accumulated indicating that most mammalian genes are encoded in the discontinuous pieces of DNA interrupted by intervening sequences. Studies would provide an enormous insight into the molecular mechanisms that operate to regulate the expression of these genes and assure their orderly modulation.
Extracellular Matrix Dynamics in Early Development

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an inherently dynamic structure during development. Large-scale tissue movements sweep the ECM to distant positions during early embryogenesis; furthermore, the previously assembled ECM filaments are extensively reused during later organogenesis. Thus, some organs, such as the heart, inherit previously assembled ECM filaments. This review focuses on the macro-assembly dynamics of fibronectin and fibrillin-2 in avian embryos. Both ECM proteins are ubiquitous in vertebrate embryos at the earliest stages of development. Recent studies compared the movement of these two ECM components and suggested that the ECM moves as a composite material, whereby distinct molecular components as well as spatially separated layers exhibit similar displacements. Utilizing advances in microscopy and high-resolution particle image velocimetry algorithms, two ECM filament relocation processes can be distinguished—each operating on different length scales. First, ECM filaments are moved by large-scale tissue motion, which rearranges major organ primordia within the embryo. The second type of motion, on the scale of the individual ECM filaments, is driven by local motility and protrusive activity of nearby cells. Both kinds of motion contribute substantially to the establishment of normal ECM structure, and both must be taken into account when attempting to understand ECM macro-assembly during embryonic morphogenesis. ECM filaments also fluctuate locally—likely reflecting pulsatile cell contractility in the associated tissues. Suppression of these fluctuations by temporal averaging yields a persistent movement pattern that is shared among embryos at equivalent stages of development. Recent studies comparing the motion of embryonic mesenchymal cell populations (newly ingressed mesodermal, pre-somitic, endothelial, and endocardial) all found that the gross displacement of these cells is to a large extent shared by the surrounding ECM. The result being that active motion relative to the local ECM scaffold is more random than previously appreciated. A future understanding of ECM assembly thus requires the study of the complex interactions between biochemical assembly steps, local cell action and the biomechanics of tissue motion.
Neighborhood cohesion and caregiver well-being among the Mexican-origin population

When faced with functional and cognitive impairment, older Latino adults rely primarily on family for care. Little is known about the role of neighborhood structures on the well-being of the family members tasked with delivering care for their elders. Data on care recipients and family caregivers is drawn from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly, or HEPESE (2010/2011, N = 483). Mexican-American caregivers who provide support to family members and who report high levels of neighborhood cohesion—especially, neighborhoods characterized by helpful and trustworthy neighbors—report fewer depressive symptoms than those who provide care to older adults in less cohesive neighborhoods. A lack of close-knit ties in the neighborhood is especially distressing for caregivers who do not reside in the same household as their older family member. Among caregivers that live in neighborhoods characterized by a low level of willingness to help others, caregivers to U.S.-born family members report more depressive symptoms than caregivers to immigrant older adults. Because neighborhood characteristics play an important role in Latino caregiver well-being and stress processes, targeting neighborhood structures should be the focus of intervention strategies that aim to address caregiver burden among the Mexican-origin population.
Deletion of Atm in Tumor but not Endothelial Cells Improves Radiation Response in a Primary Mouse Model of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Stereotactic body radiotherapy is utilized to treat lung cancer. The mechanism of tumor response to high-dose radiotherapy (HDRT) is controversial, with competing hypotheses of increased direct tumor cell killing versus indirect effects on stroma including endothelial cells. Here we used dual recombinase technology in a primary murine lung cancer model to test whether tumor cells or endothelial cells are critical HDRT targets. Lenti-Cre deleted one or two copies of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene (Atm; KPAFL/+ or KPAFL/FL), whereas adeno-FlpO-infected mice expressed Cre in endothelial cells to delete one or both copies of Atm (KPVAFL/+ or KPVAFL/FL) to modify tumor cell or endothelial cell radiosensitivity, respectively. Deletion of Atm in either tumor cells or endothelial cells had no impact on tumor growth in the absence of radiation. Despite increased endothelial cell death in KPVAFL/FL mice following irradiation, tumor growth delay was not significantly increased. In contrast, a prolonged tumor growth delay was apparent in KPAFL/FL mice. Primary tumor cell lines lacking Atm expression also demonstrated enhanced radiosensitivity as determined via a clonogenic survival assay. These findings indicate that tumor cells, rather than endothelial cells, are critical targets of HDRT in primary murine lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings establish radiosensitizing tumor cells rather than endothelial cells as the primary mechanism of tumor response to high-dose radiotherapy, supporting efforts to maximize local control by radiosensitizing tumors cells.See related commentary by Hallahan, p. 704.
Affective response to physical activity as an intermediate phenotype

Over the past seventy years, biomedical and epidemiological research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) is critical for physical and mental health. Despite this knowledge, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, accounting for 9% (5.3 million) of premature deaths annually. We suggest this mismatch between knowing about the risks of PA and engaging in regular PA can be reconciled by focusing less on expected health benefits of PA and more on how people feel during PA. Specifically, in this position paper, we argue that affective response (feeling good versus bad) to PA is an intermediate phenotype that can explain significant variance in PA behavior and is, in turn, a function of genetic variability. In making this argument, we first review empirical evidence showing that affective response to PA predicts future physical activity behavior. Second, we systematically review research on single nucleotide morphisms (SNPs) that are associated with affective response to PA. Investigating affective response to PA as an intermediate phenotype will allow future researchers to move beyond asking "What SNPs are associated with PA?", and begin asking "How do these SNPs influence PA?", thus ultimately optimizing the translation of knowledge gained from genomic data to intervention development.
Correction: The Terezita Romo Papers: Capturing the Spirit of Collective Action in Archives

This article details corrections to the article: Ulinskas, M., 2018. The Terezita Romo Papers: Capturing the Spirit of Collective Action in Archives. KULA: knowledge creation, dissemination, and preservation studies, 2(1), p. 4. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/kula.22
Waist‐to‐Hip Ratio Sensitivity in Early Infancy

The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is correlated with health and associated with sex, attractiveness, and age judgments by adults. We examined the development of sensitivity to the WHR by testing 3.5-month-old infants' (N = 71) preference between images depicting different WHRs. Female 3.5-month-olds exhibited a preference for the WHR associated with attractiveness and mate value by adults (0.7) over a larger WHR (0.9). This preference was exhibited when infants were tested on upright stimuli but not when they were tested on inverted stimuli, indicating that low-level differences (e.g., curviness) were not driving performance. This sensitivity to WHR may lay the foundation for more explicit preferences and categorical associations later in life. In contrast to females, male infants failed to exhibit a significant preference for the 0.7 WHR in either orientation, replicating previous findings of female infants' superior processing of social stimuli. Implications for theories of the development of body knowledge and sex differences in social information processing are discussed.
Thermal Evaluation of TSVs in 3D-Integration Technology

3D technology promises significant benefits to offer shorter interconnect and higher integration systems enabling improved performance and lower power consumption. Nevertheless, 3D stacking is facing strong thermal challenges due to higher power density and minimal heat dissipation which might cause performance and reliability degradation. This paper discusses the thermal evaluation and modeling of 3D stacked ICs. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) thermal analysis tool called FloTHERM by Mentor Graphics is used to evaluate the effect of stacking the chips on the temperature rise of 3D ICs. In our thermal modeling, all stacked chips were treated as lumped blocks with estimated thermal conductivity of the TSV chip. The stacked chips have the same size (5x5x0.1mm). The power dissipated by each chip is 0.02 W and it was assumed that the power is uniformly distributed on each chip. The maximum junction temperature with number of stacked chips were also evaluated.
Health-related quality of life and opioid use disorder pharmacotherapy: A secondary analysis of a clinical trial

Abstract Objective To examine the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) of persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) seeking treatment in an inpatient detoxification or short-term residential setting; continuing treatment as outpatients. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial (N = 508) where participants were randomized to extended-release naltrexone or buprenorphine-naloxone for the prevention of opioid relapse. We used a generalized structural equation regression mixture model to identify associations of HRQoL (EQ-5D) trajectories, including latent characteristics, over the 24-week trial and 36-week follow-up period, among participants who reported HRQoL beyond baseline. This novel framework accounted for baseline and time-varying characteristics, while simultaneously identifying latent classes. Results We identified two subpopulations: HRQoL "pharmacotherapy responsive" (82.3 %) and HRQoL "characteristic sensitive" (17.7 %). The pharmacotherapy responsive subpopulation was characterized by a shortterm HRQoL improvement and then stable HRQoL over time, and by a positive association between HRQoL and receiving pharmacotherapy in the past 30 days. The characteristic sensitive subpopulation was characterized by an initial improvement in HRQoL with a gradual decline over time, and no significant HRQoL response to pharmacotherapy. HRQoL changes over time in this subpopulation were more influenced by baseline demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial characteristics. Conclusion Our findings suggest that while HRQoL may be improved and sustained through targeted efforts to promote use of pharmacotherapy for many persons with OUD, an identifiable subpopulation may require additional services that address socioeconomic and psychosocial issues to achieve HRQoL benefits. Our analysis provides insight for improving individualized care for persons with opioid use disorder seeking treatment.
The role of comorbid anxiety in exercise and depression trials: Secondary analysis of the SMILE-II randomized clinical trial.

Objectives To explore the anxiolytic effects of a 4-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exercise and antidepressant medication in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and to examine the potential modifying effects of anxiety in treating depressive symptoms. Materials and methods In this secondary analysis of the SMILE-II trial, 148 sedentary adults with MDD were randomized to: (a) supervised exercise, (b) home-based exercise, (c) sertraline, or (d) placebo control. Symptoms of state anxiety measured by the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory were examined before and after 4 months of treatment. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Analyses were carried out using general linear models. Results Compared to placebo controls, the exercise and sertraline groups had lower state anxiety scores (standardized difference = 0.3 [95% CI = -0.6, -0.04]; p = 0.02) after treatment. Higher pretreatment state anxiety was associated with poorer depression outcomes in the active treatments compared to placebo controls for both the HAMD (p = .004) and BDI-II (p = .02). Conclusion Aerobic exercise as well as sertraline reduced symptoms of state anxiety in patients with MDD. Higher levels of pretreatment anxiety attenuated the effects of the interventions on depressive symptoms, however, especially among exercisers. Patients with MDD with higher comorbid state anxiety appear to be less likely to benefit from exercise interventions in reducing depression and thus may require supplemental treatment with special attention to anxiety.
A Rare Complication of Asthma: Retropharyngeal Emphysema, Subcutaneous Emphysema, and Pneumomediastinum

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a relatively uncommon occurrence. Although unlikely, asthma exacerbations can produce enough barotrauma to produce this complication. In cases of SPM, the gas has the opportunity to track between fascial planes, making its way to subcutaneous tissues, usually of the neck and chest, resulting in subcutaneous emphysema (SE). In anomalous situations, this gas can track its way into the retropharyngeal space. This presentation is usually self-limiting, requiring supportive therapy. Severe cases can lead to airway compromise warranting invasive supportive airway maneuvers. Retropharyngeal emphysema, SE, and pneumomediastinum have rarely been described together in the literature. This case provides awareness of these three complications of asthma, while highlighting the need for deliberate chest imaging, including radiograph and non-contrast CT, in patients with severe asthma exacerbations.
A Harmonic-Canceling Synthesizer using Skew-Circulant-Matrix-Based Coefficient Generator

In this work, a harmonic-canceling synthesizer for Built-In Self-Test (BIST) applications is presented. The main contribution is the implementation of the required irrational tap coefficients by using integer numbers in a recursive approach without any calibration scheme. A coefficient generator that exploits properties of skew-circulant matrices and relaxes the trade-off between output linearity and coefficients mismatch is proposed. The cascade of Harmonic-Canceling Filters (HCFs) allows to filter out up to the 47th harmonic of the input square-wave. Also, a band-pass HCF that enables the selection of its input's 1st or 5th harmonic is presented. The system is fabricated in 180nm CMOS technology. Measurement results show a maximum 66 dBc Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) and output frequencies ranging from 0.8 MHz to 100 MHz.
Study on the Control Strategy of Mobile Battery Energy Storage for the Overload Elimination of Distribution Transformer

With the development of economy, the distribution transformer is overloaded in some rural areas of China when the consumers use electricity intensively. Battery energy storage technology is an effective way to solve this issue. In this paper, a mobile battery energy storage system is proposed to eliminate the seasonal short-time overload of distribution transformer in rural areas. The corresponding control strategy which takes the consideration of the battery state of charge and load characteristics is carried out. A simplified time domain simulation model including controllable power load, mobile battery energy storage, distribution transformer and infinite power source is built in MATLAB/Simulink platform. The results of simulation analysis verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
An extra year of onco-nephrology fellowship training is not required for the subspecialty:

Onconephrology, a new and evolving subspecialty of Nephrology. Several Universities have created onconephrology fellowships affiliated with major cancer centers. The aim of this article is to prese...
[Association of different stages of histological chorioamnionitis with respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants with a gestational age of < 32 weeks].

OBJECTIVE To study the association of different stages of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) with the incidence rate and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. METHODS Related data were collected from the infants and their mothers who were treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, from January 2018 to June 2020. According to the presence or absence of HCA and its stage, the infants were divided into four groups: control (n=109), early-stage HCA (n=126), middle-stage HCA (n=105), and late-stage HCA (n=36). The four groups were compared in terms of gestational age, birth weight, sex, maternal age, placental abruption, prenatal use of antibiotics, and incidence rate of RDS. The correlation between HCA stage and RDS severity was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the control and late-stage HCA groups, the early-stage HCA group had a significantly lower incidence rate of placental abruption and a significantly higher rate of prenatal use of antibiotics (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early-, middle-, and late-stage HCA can reduce the incidence rate of RDS in preterm infants. HCA stage may not be correlated with RDS severity in preterm infants, which needs to be verified by further research.
A 26-Year-Old Woman With Dyspnea on Exertion.

Case Presentation A 26-year-old woman with no significant medical history was referred for 5 months of dry cough, dyspnea, presyncope and chest pressure, and nausea with exertion. The family history was notable for thromboembolic disease in the setting of malignancy and autoimmune disease. She was not on any medications. She is a never smoker and did not use recreational drugs. She had no work-related exposures. Her BP was 95/67 mm Hg; her heart rate was 93 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation was 98% on room air. Lung fields were clear to auscultation. She had a prominent P2 heart sound. There was no jugular venous distension or edema. There was no clubbing, rash, or synovitis.
Effect of lignocellulosic fiber composition on the aquatic biodegradation of wood pulps and the isolated cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components: kinetic modelling of the biodegradation process

The importance of renewable and environmentally friendly wood pulp fibers as an input material for single-use products has grown significantly. However, discarded single-use materials are found in the environment as litter and are sometimes disposed of in wastewater. It is important that these materials are biodegradable and environmentally benign. Wood pulp is mainly comprised of lignocellulosic material, and its composition and structure can vary depending on raw materials and processing, ultimately impacting the biodegradability. In this research, the aquatic biodegradation of five kinds of wood pulp and six different samples of isolated lignocellulosic components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) have been explored in a consistent detailed manner for the first time, and the effects of chemical composition on the biodegradation discussed. Several lignocellulosic materials were characterized using compositional analysis and were subjected to aquatic biodegradation with bio-solids from a wastewater treatment plant as an inoculum to indicate the potential to biodegrade in the environment. Cellulose and hemicellulose were readily biodegraded over a course of one month. The lignin samples were not biodegradable under these conditions, and the lignin within fibers decreased the biodegradability of the other components of the lignocellulosic fibers. It was also determined that ash and extractives negatively affect the biodegradability. The aerobic aquatic biodegradation results are useful for product designers to select different lignocellulosic materials for applications and for environmental scientists to understand the fate of these fibers in the environment.
Judaism and Imperial Ideology in Late Antiquity: Mother of the Messiah

O ne of the most elaborate visions of apocalyptic trans formation in early medieval Jewish writings comes from Sefer Zerubbabel . The work was most likely composed in the early seventh century and reflected the apocalyptic mindset that formed in the wake of the bloody war between Byzantium and Sasanian Persia. Sefer Zerubbabel creatively combines traditional apocalyptic themes, elements of rabbinic literature, and new images to create a remarkably powerful vision of apocalyptic upheaval. The book's symbolism was destined to play an important role in the formation of Jewish messianic and apocalyptic themes well into modern times. It has long since been noted that two female characters, the mother of the Jewish Messiah and the mother of his demonic adversary, feature prominently in Sefer Zerubbabel and indeed are central to its plot. The majority of scholars have argued that both women reflect a complex reaction to the figure of the Theotokos in contemporaneous Byzantine theology. Thus David Biale used the female characters of Sefer Zerubbabel as an example of “counter-history” produced by the Jewish inhabitants of the Byzantine Empire to engage and subvert the symbolic universe of the dominant Christian culture. In the text that follows I shall take this discussion one step further by arguing that the female figures in Sefer Zerubbabel are part of a broader narrative that developed in early medieval Judaism and attempted to reinterpret Byzantine imperial and religious symbolism to discover its “true” meaning within Jewish messianic context.
Utilizing the bioactive contents of specialty oils and fats

This chapter focuses on the bioactive components of specialty oils and lipids. Omega-3 fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid, phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols are discussed in detail. For each, the theory and evidence of the health benefits are described, and their measured quantities in naturally occurring sources are reviewed. This chapter also discusses the effect that methods of oil extraction and refining may have on the quantities and integrity of these components. Methodologies for the recovery and isolation of these valuable compounds are also covered.
Connecting scientific and informal reasoning

Current research on both informal reasoning and scientific reasoning ought to bear directly on efforts to understand and promote critical thinking, and yet these two bodies of work have proceeded largely independently of one another and neither has been linked to the older, more extensive literature on critical thinking. A way is offered here of conceptualizing and examining informal reasoning that links it to scientific reasoning, and makes it clear how both are central to critical thinking. Both informal and scientific reasoning entail the evidence-based justification of beliefs, or the coordination of theory and evidence. Foundational abilities that lie at the heart of both types of reasoning are the ability to recognize the possible falsehood of a theory, and the identification of evidence capable of disconfirming it. Identification of extended precursors to these abilities suggest that their development is both gradual and multifaceted
Low-Energy Neutron Resonances in Sm 149

The total neutron cross section of ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{149}$ has been measured in the energy range from 0.06 to \ensuremath{\sim}20 ev using a crystal spectrometer with resolution 0.17 \ensuremath{\mu}sec/meter. The Breit-Wigner parameters have been obtained for four of the larger resonances at energies of 0.0976\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005, 0.870\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003, 4.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03, and 8.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 ev. The radiation widths for these four resonances are, respectively, in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ev: 63.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0, 59.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0, 66.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0, and 66.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6.0. Other resonances were found at energies of 6.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1, 12.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5, 14.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5, and 17.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 ev.
Bisexuality and Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Affirmative Training: An Exploration of Family Therapy Students' Beliefs and Clinical Experiences

Few studies have focused on student therapists’ beliefs about bisexual clients and the impact of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) affirmative training on these beliefs. This study found that the more LGB affirmative training students receive was associated with lower levels of biphobia. The results also suggest that couple and family therapy (CFT) students have similar levels of experience working with bisexual and lesbian clients, but report significantly lower levels of experience with gay clients. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that CFT training programs could implement LGB affirmative training as an effective tool in reducing students’ self-reported levels of biphobia.