cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On techniques for handling soft errors in digital circuits

Dealing with soft errors due to particle strikes is the next major challenge in implementing digital systems. This study thoroughly investigates the effect of device size on circuit soft error rate and identifies methods to reduce soft error rate in combinational circuits. In particular, we propose three novel methods that upsize only selected gates and /or transistor networks. In order to obtain the most appropriate technique for soft error rate reduction in small technology node circuits, we conduct experiments and compare the results for several upsizing techniques including all gates, selected gates and transistor networks based on their fault sensitivities, and parallel networks with soft error rate saturation consideration. Consequently, it is discovered that some upsizing scenarios perform large improvement whereas others do not or even increase the soft error rate. The use of fault sensitivity analysis approach with parallel transistor network upsizing based on the contribution of each sensitive gate can reasonably reduce overall circuit sensitivity. Experimental results show an average reduction in soft error rate about 20% with a very small area overhead of 2% for benchmark circuits using our technique.
Method to Account for Human Intervention in Calculating the Probability of Failure

AbstractAlthough human and organizational factors play a major role in the performance of civil infrastructure, risk assessment does not often explicitly account for them. Although these factors can cause failures, they can also significantly improve a system’s reliability, provided that appropriate procedures are in place to be performed by individuals and the organization as a whole. It is therefore important that engineers, operators, and planners incorporate human and organizational factors into the overall risk-management paradigm. This paper builds on previous risk-assessment methods to develop a framework for quantifying the contribution of human intervention to the overall probability of failure of a system. The six steps of the approach are (1) system definition, (2) conceptual model, (3) event tree, (4) task structure map, (5) quality-management assessment system, and, ultimately, (6) the probability-of-failure computation. The Sherman Island flood-protection system in the Sacramento–San Joaquin...
TRPM8 function and expression in vagal sensory neurons and afferent nerves innervating guinea pig esophagus

Sensory transduction in esophageal afferents requires specific ion channels and receptors. TRPM8 is a new member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family and participates in cold- and menthol-induced sensory transduction, but its role in visceral sensory transduction is still less clear. This study aims to determine TRPM8 function and expression in esophageal vagal afferent subtypes. TRPM8 agonist WS-12-induced responses were first determined in nodose and jugular neurons by calcium imaging and then investigated by whole cell patch-clamp recordings in Dil-labeled esophageal nodose and jugular neurons. Extracellular single-unit recordings were performed in nodose and jugular C fiber neurons using ex vivo esophageal-vagal preparations with intact nerve endings in the esophagus. TRPM8 mRNA expression was determined by single neuron RT-PCR in Dil-labeled esophageal nodose and jugular neurons. The TRPM8 agonist WS-12 elicited calcium influx in a subpopulation of jugular but not nodose neurons. WS-12 activated outwardly rectifying currents in esophageal Dil-labeled jugular but not nodose neurons in a dose-dependent manner, which could be inhibited by the TRPM8 inhibitor AMTB. WS-12 selectively evoked action potential discharges in esophageal jugular but not nodose C fibers. Consistently, TRPM8 transcripts were highly expressed in esophageal Dil-labeled TRPV1-positive jugular neurons. In summary, the present study demonstrated a preferential expression and function of TRPM8 in esophageal vagal jugular but not nodose neurons and C fiber subtypes. This provides a distinctive role of TRPM8 in esophageal sensory transduction and may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of esophageal sensation and nociception.
Physics as an Element of Radiation Research

Since its inception in 1954, Radiation Research has published an estimated total of about 8700 scientific articles up to August 2001, about 520, or roughly 6%, of which are primarily related to physics. This average of about 11 articles per year indicates steadily continuing contributions by physicists, though there are appreciable fluctuations from year to year. These works of physicists concern radiation sources, dosimetry, instrumentation for measurements of radiation effects, fundamentals of radiation physics, mechanisms of radiation actions, and applications. In this review, we have selected some notable accomplishments for discussion and present an outlook for the future.
A Surface and Upper-Air Analysis of Freezing Fog in Northern Nevada

Abstract Valleys and basins across the western United States experience frequent episodes of radiation fog during the winter season. Freezing fog (FZFG) however is more rare. The high desert basins of northern Nevada are more likely to experience FZFG than lower elevation valleys as October–March minimum temperatures regularly fall below 0°C. During a period in mid-January 2005, northern Nevada, from Reno to Winnemucca experienced an unprecedented freezing fog episode. In Reno there were 14 daily reports of FZFG during January 2005, and nine of these days occurred consecutively from 16 through 24 January. Meteorological conditions for the nine day run of FZFG events in Reno were not extreme compared to single day episodes from 1997–2005. The height of the inversion base, inversion depth, surface temperature, wind speed, and surface pressure were found to be consistently above the mean but well below the maximum values for prior FZFG events. Regional scale surface conditions and synoptic scale upper atmosp...
The treatment of experimental arthritis in rabbits with hydrocortisone acetate.

These observations tend to support Selye's hypothesis that the effect of the adrenal steroids is to inhibit the capacity of the tissues to respond to a noxious stimulus by inflammatory reaction. In these experiments, the inflammatory response was well under way before the hydrocortisone was introduced into the injured tissues; however, the arthritis caused by the turpentine and the granulomatous process by which the tale was isolated from the joint cavity continued to progress. The gross appearance showed a diminution of the vascular-dilatation element of inflammation in most instances on the treated sides and the microscopic appearance showed as a rule fewer infiltrating phagocytic cells on the treated sides. These findings suggest not only that there is an inhibition to the progress of the inflammatory response, but also that the tissues tend to return to a normal state more rapidly after treatment. In our experiments, the injury was relatively mild and the hydrocortisone seemed to exert a favorable influence on recovery, although the difference between the treated and the untreated sides was not great. If the hydrocortisone had been administered at the time of the injection of the irritant, it is probable that the effect would have been more marked. There was no tendency for the hydrocortisone to accentuate the damage and to cause necrosis, as was noted by Selye in his experiments with croton oil. It seems probable to us, however, that the thick barrier between the skin and the inside of the granuloma pouch in Selye's experiments, in which the skin did not become necrotic, was a mechanical one and that the steroid really did not actually enhance the necrotizing effect of the croton oil. In more severe injury to tissues, as Selye showed in his experiments, the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrocortisone may result in greater damage to the tissues involved, because the inflammatory reaction may have a protective effect by creating a shield. In the clinical application of these principles, it seems logical to assume that hydrocortisone would be most useful in those pathological conditions which are inherently localized and self-limited, in which the symptoms are largely due to the inflammatory response per se , and which are either progressing or in which the noxious agent is continuing to act.
Value-Added Biopolymer Nanocomposites from Waste Eggshell-Based CaCO3 Nanoparticles as Fillers

Waste eggshells were used as a raw material to produce high surface area biocalcium carbonate nanoparticles using a combination of mechanochemical and ultrasonic irradiation techniques. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray analysis showed that the synthesis process was effective and yields only CaCO3 nanoparticles with high porosity. The bionanocomposites were prepared by infusing three different weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) of the calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) in Bioplast GS 2189 thermoplastic polymer. Thermal analyses indicated that the 2% bionanocomposites are thermally more stable (by 15 °C) than the corresponding neat systems. Mechanical test results of 2% bionanocomposite showed an approximately 35.3% and 30.5% increase in the flexural strength and modulus, respectively, over the pristine Bioplast GS 2189 polymer.
OMG: Authenticity, Parody, and Evangelical Christian Fashion

AbstractThis article analyzes the relationship between religion and fashion through an examination of evangelical t-shirts. It demonstrates how Christian companies attempt to authenticate their t-shirt apparel through origin stories, text and graphics, and model styling. However, this authentication process does not go uncontested. For example, the t-shirts and tanks created by Heart OMG resemble “authentic” evangelical tees in some ways, but not in others, which has caused some to question the company’s products and motives. The article turns to the concept of parody to help illuminate Heart OMG’s status. Companies such as Amazing Atheist Tees and Reasonist Products parody evangelical tees to criticize religion and make their own atheist views known. Other parodies of evangelicalism attempt to construct a sense of “cool” and transgression through their garments. Examining parody and these various spin-offs of the evangelical t-shirt highlights the influence of religion in fashion, as well as the enduring...
From Yao to now: Daoism and the imperialization of the China/Southeast Asia borderlands

This article investigates the adoption of Daoist ritual among the Yao peoples in South China and mainland Southeast Asia. The Song Dynasty imperial court patronized new Daoist ritual traditions that harnessed martial deities such as the Thunder Gods. Although these traditions were mostly southern in origin, it is not until the Qing dynasty that we find evidence for their circulation among the Yao. After discussing historical representations of Yao religion from the Song to the Qing dynasty and the specific historical contexts that gave rise to each representation, I conclude by examining how beliefs and practices derived from these same Daoist ritual traditions were active among the Iu Mien in Laos during the Second Indochina War. What is needed is an analysis that links a specific ethnographic or historiographic representation with a broader understanding of local, regional, and even transnational ritual practices in the borderlands of China and Southeast Asia.
To search for life, do it right!

In pursuing astrobiological studies of the other worlds of the solar system, tremendous investments are made and risks are taken to enable appropriate platforms (chiefly in the form of robotic landers and rovers) to access locations that have information about extraterrestrial life, its precursors and remnants. Those risks are taken and costs incurred either to enable a suite of measurements about the target body to be taken in situ, or to enable the return of pristine sample material to Earth for further study (and so that measurements can be taken) by teams of scientists here. Not surprisingly, those measurements can contribute to astrobiological understanding only if when they are made they reflect conditions on the target body itself, and do not waste the opportunity by studying Earth-source contamination, instead. As such, astrobiology studies on distant worlds require planetary protection and contamination control requirements to be met to avoid wasting money and time, and taking risks to study material that can be found on Earth itself. Because these requirements involve additional funding, and because they can introduce additional complexity into mission design and operations, there can be resistance to meeting those requirements on the part of mission designers and project personnel, despite the potential absurdity of going to pristine locations to measure self-sourced contamination. Some of this resistance can be traced to concerns about component performance and instrument sensitivity, complexed with the negative effects on performance and increases in risk that result from piecemeal attempts to accomplish planetary protection objectives within a spacecraft design — resulting in an attendant skepticism about the solutions thereby implemented. It is important to assess the planetary protection and contamination control requirements associated with astrobiologically significant targets for exploration missions, and examine the benefits of whole-system planetary protection solutions versus piecemeal attempts to meet the same requirements. It will be seen that for most such targets, their in situ study and sample retrieval are far better served, with less cost and reduced risk, when whole-system design approaches are taken. Such approaches are increasingly required as the astrobiological targets become better known, and the capabilities of Earth organisms to contaminate them is better understood.
Tumor Antigen-Specific Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Cancer Initiating Cells and Disease Recurrence

Immunotherapy with tumor antigen (TA)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of several types of cancer. However, its efficacy is limited by the lack of response in some of the treated patients and by disease recurrence. In this chapter, following a short description of the characteristics of cancer initiating cells (CICs) and the markers used for their identification in various types of cancer, we will provide in vitro evidence to suggest that disease recurrence is caused by the lack of eradication of CICs by the TA-specific mAb-based immunotherapy. In addition, we will describe potential strategies to overcome this resistance mechanism which is a major obstacle to the successful application of TA-specific mAb-based immunotherapy.
Teaching Health Care Professionals

, a mindfulness-based intervention developed by a team of physicians at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (Rochester, New York, USA) was designed to enhance medical students’, residents’, and physicians’ resilience and well-being, improve the physician–patient relationship, and advance the quality of medical care they provide. This educational intervention was built on a strong biopsychosocial foundation and contains three major components—mindfulness meditation, narrative medicine, and appreciative inquiry—each integrated with the others into a seamless approach.
The good of boredom

AbstractI argue that the state of boredom (i.e., the transitory and non-pathological experience of boredom) should be understood to be a regulatory psychological state that has the capacity to promote our well-being by contributing to personal growth and to the construction (or reconstruction) of a meaningful life.
Do Persistent Fund Alphas Indicate Manager Skill

This article examines whether long-term fund alphas come from manager skill or luck. Using a group of bootstrapped winner funds as the benchmark, we compared the actual winner funds with the benchmark. We find evident differences between them with regard to return distribution properties, market exposure, alpha consistency, and portfolio holdings. In addition, persistent winner funds exhibit fund-specific characteristics that are distinct from those of other funds. We conclude that persistent fund alpha is earned by manager skill instead of pure luck.
Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Renal Tumors

As abdominal imaging machines have become more readily available and utilized, the diagnosis of asymptomatic small renal masses (SRM) has increased. These incidental tumors account for 60% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnosis and are most often found at earlier stages and/or grades [1–3]. The incidence of RCC has been found to increase roughly 2% each year [4]. Overall, RCC is the thirteenth most common cancer worldwide and 10th most common in the Western World. In 2016, it was estimated that annually 62,700 cases and 14,240 deaths occur secondary to RCC in the United States alone [5]. Worldwide RCC accounts for the diagnosis of 270,000 cases and 116,000 deaths each year [4]. Of these patients, 20–30% of patients are found to have metastatic disease. The incidence of RCC is greatest in North America, Europe, and Australia and diagnosed least frequently in India, Africa, China, and Japan. Risk factors include smoking, increased waist-to-hip-ratio, germline mutations, and occupational exposure to trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene [4]. Two to three percent of RCC cases are familial, most commonly autosomal dominant Von-Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Familial disease is frequently bilateral and multifocal, therefore correct diagnosis is essential for guiding treatment [4].
Anthropometrics and maturity status: A preliminary study of youth football head impact biomechanics

Abstract Context There is a paucity of head impact biomechanics research focusing on youth athletes. Little is known about how youth subconcussive head impact tolerances are related to physical size and maturation. Objective To examine the effects of age, anthropometric and maturational status variability on head impact biomechanics. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Outdoor youth football facilities in South Carolina. Participants Thirty-four male recreational youth football players, 8 to 13 yrs. Interventions Categorized by CDC standards, independent variables were: age, height, mass, BMI, and estimated peak height velocity (PHV). Participants wore a designated head impact sensor (xPatch) on their mastoid process during practices and games. Main outcome measures Linear acceleration (g) and rotational acceleration (rad/s2). Results Boys in the older age category had a greater linear (F = 17.72; P Conclusion Post-PHV boys who were older, taller and had longer legs, but who were not heavier, had higher impacts perhaps due to the type of impacts sustained. Taller boys' heads are above their peers possibly encouraging hits in the torso region resulting in lower impact accelerations. Obese boys did not have sequential results compared to boys in the other BMI categories probably due to league rules, player position, and lack of momentum produced.
Atrial myxoma: an unusual aetiology for exertional dyspnoea and palpitation

A 67-year-old woman had recently emigrated from the Dominican Republic where, many years prior, she had been evaluated for ‘tachycardias’ and had unrevealing monitors. She was well until 6 months prior to admission when she started to experience unpredictable, generally exertional palpitations, dyspnoea and left arm discomfort. There was no history of antecedent anxiety. Examination was notable for a 3/6 systolic murmur heard from apex to base and radiating to the neck that ultimately decreased with Valsalva manoeuvre, consistent with aortic sclerosis that was also seen on her echocardiogram. ECG showed …
Solar geoengineering as part of an overall strategy for meeting the 1.5°C Paris target.

Solar geoengineering refers to deliberately reducing net radiative forcing by reflecting some sunlight back to space, in order to reduce anthropogenic climate changes; a possible such approach would be adding aerosols to the stratosphere. If future mitigation proves insufficient to limit the rise in global mean temperature to less than 1.5°C above preindustrial, it is plausible that some additional and limited deployment of solar geoengineering could reduce climate damages. That is, these approaches could eventually be considered as part of an overall strategy to manage the risks of climate change, combining emissions reduction, net-negative emissions technologies and solar geoengineering to meet climate goals. We first provide a physical-science review of current research, research trends and some of the key gaps in knowledge that would need to be addressed to support informed decisions. Next, since few climate model simulations have considered these limited-deployment scenarios, we synthesize prior results to assess the projected response if solar geoengineering were used to limit global mean temperature to 1.5°C above preindustrial in an overshoot scenario that would otherwise peak near 3°C. While there are some important differences, the resulting climate is closer in many respects to a climate where the 1.5°C target is achieved through mitigation alone than either is to the 3°C climate with no geoengineering. This holds for both regional temperature and precipitation changes; indeed, there are no regions where a majority of models project that this moderate level of geoengineering would produce a statistically significant shift in precipitation further away from preindustrial levels. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels’.
cryoem-cloud-tools: A software platform to deploy and manage cryo-EM jobs in the cloud.

Abstract Access to streamlined computational resources remains a significant bottleneck for new users of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). To address this, we have developed tools that will submit cryo-EM analysis routines and atomic model building jobs directly to Amazon Web Services (AWS) from a local computer or laptop. These new software tools (“cryoem-cloud-tools”) have incorporated optimal data movement, security, and cost-saving strategies, giving novice users access to complex cryo-EM data processing pipelines. Integrating these tools into the RELION processing pipeline and graphical user interface we determined a 2.2 A structure of s-galactosidase in ∼55 h on AWS. We implemented a similar strategy to submit Rosetta atomic model building and refinement to AWS. These software tools dramatically reduce the barrier for entry of new users to cloud computing for cryo-EM and are freely available at cryoem-tools.cloud.
Clock Genes and Energy Metabolism

Circadian timekeeping is a ubiquitous feature of all eukaryotes and allows appropriate temporal regulation of an organism’s physiology, behavior, and metabolism to anticipate and respond to recurrent daily changes in the environment. Animal models provide strong evidence that disruption of circadian pathways are associated with metabolic dysregulation and sleep-related pathologies, while high-fat feeding reveals disrupted circadian rhythms of feeding, activity, and sleep. In humans, short sleep duration is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, ­cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Here, we examine emerging insight into how the circadian clock network influences energy metabolism.
Rethinking Spatial Data Quality: Pokémon Go as a Case Study of Location Spoofing

The worldwide surge of the location-based game Pokemon Go since mid-2016 has raised debates among online gaming communities and the general public on the unique phenomenon of location spoofing. Loc...
Biomedical Literature Mining

A hurdle of large-scale genomic studies is to incorporate existing knowledge from published literature. This is accomplished by human experts but suffers from the heavy labor and the difficulty to keep knowledge up to date. Biomedical literature mining provides a potential solution to extracting and integrating useful information from literature automatically, which can lead to new discoveries.
LR-aided Selective Spanning with Fast Enumeration Decoder for MIMO Systems

This paper presents a near ML decoder for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, achieving near optimal performance with low complexity. It includes LR-aided selective spanning with fast enumeration (SSFE) decoder for different MIMO system. The decoder exploits the utility of lattice reduction and employs the Schnorr-Euchner (SE) strategy in order to perform on demand child expansion. It also provides an option for re-configurability at each layer of MIMO decoding. These features inherently reduce the complexity significantly to a great extent. Following IEEE 802.11 standard, the decoder has been developed for $4 \times 4$ MIMO and different modulation schemes. However, it is scalable to any MIMO configuration including massive MIMO (for both hard and soft decision decoder). The simulation results show that proposed decoder reduces the calculation complexity from 1.16x to 5.23x compared to conventional LR-aided K-best decoder for list size, K as 16 to 4096 respectively and 16 QAM modulation scheme with negligible performance gap. Therefore, it offers an excellent alternative solution of traditional K-best decoder with trade-off between complexity and performance.
Laser system development for the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission

A highly stable and long-lifetime laser system is a key component of the space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, which is designed to detect gravitational waves from various astronomical sources. We are developing such laser system at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Our baseline architecture for the LISA laser consists of a low-power, low-noise small Nd:YAG non-planar ring oscillator (micro NPRO) followed by a diodepumped Yb-fiber amplifier with ~2 W output. In this paper, we will describe our progress to date and plans to demonstrate a technology readiness level (TRL) 6 LISA laser system.
Construcción de identidades femeninas andinas en la narrativa peruana contemporánea del conflicto armado interno peruano (1980–2000)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar como distintos registros discursivos y voces narrativas, a partir de una mirada en la colonialidad y la articulacion de genero, etnicidad y clase, construyen...
Network Function Deployment with Balanced Server and Link Resources in Tree Topologies

Network function virtualization (NFV) enables flexible implementation of software middleboxes (network functions) as virtual machines running on standard servers. However, the flexibility also creates a challenge for efficiently placing such VNFs, due to the availability of multiple hosting servers and VNF capability of changing traffic volumes. In this paper, we address the placement problem of a special type of VNF with the traffic-diminishing effect (e.g., spam filters). We aim at minimizing the total bandwidth consumption of flows by placing at most a pre-determined number of VNFs. First, we formulate the Traffic-diminishing VNF Placement (TVP) as an optimization problem. We propose an optimal strategy for the tree-structured networks. Next, we extend the algorithm to the directed acyclic graph (DAG) topology. Then an approximation algorithm is designed after we prove the NP-hardness of our problem in a general topology. Extensive simulations are conducted on CAIDA dataset to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms in various scenarios.
The Dollar Denominated Covered Bond Market: A Cross-Country Analysis of Credit Spreads

The authors analyze the determinants of credit spreads of 674 US dollar denominated covered bonds, issued by institutions domiciled in twenty-one countries, over the sample period 1/2001 to 1/2016. Even though covered bond contracts include strong credit enhancements, there is considerable heterogeneity in observed credit spreads through time and in the cross-section. The authors find that measures of sovereign risk and country specific legal frameworks are among the most important explanatory factors for differences in spreads across these bonds. TOPICS:Project finance, statistical methods, credit risk management Key Findings • The authors study the determinants of US dollar denominated covered bond credit spreads for bonds issued in twenty-one countries during the period 1/2001 to 1/2016. • Despite carrying strong credit enhancement features, US dollar denominated covered bonds still exhibit variation in spreads both through time and in the cross-section of issuer country of domicile. • Empirical results suggest sovereign risk and country-level legal frameworks are important determinants of US dollar denominated covered bond credit spreads.
Sarcopenia Definition & Outcomes Consortium Defined Low Grip Strength in Two Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Cohorts.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The extent to which the prevalence of muscle weakness in the US population varies by different putative grip strength constructs developed by the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) has not been described. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: Two nationally representative cohorts-2010 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Survey and round 1 (2011) of the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 65 years and older (n = 12,984) were included in these analyses. MEASUREMENTS: We analyzed three constructs of muscle weakness developed by the SDOC, and found to be associated with mobility disability for men and women, respectively: absolute grip strength (<35.5 kg and 20 kg); grip strength standardized to body mass index (<1.05 kg/kg/m² and 0.79 kg/kg/m²); and grip strength standardized to weight (<0.45 kg/kg and 0.337 kg/kg). We estimated the prevalence of muscle weakness defined by each of these constructs in the overall older US population, and by age, sex, race, and ethnicity. We also estimated the sensitivity and specificity of each of the grip strength constructs to discriminate slowness (gait speed <0.8 m/s) in these samples. RESULTS: The prevalence of muscle weakness ranged from 23% to 61% for men and from 30% to 66% for women, depending on the construct used. There was substantial variation in the prevalence of muscle weakness by race and ethnicity. The sensitivity and specificity of these measures for discriminating slowness varied widely, ranging from 0.30 to 0.92 (sensitivity) and from 0.17 to 0.88 (specificity). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of muscle weakness, defined by the putative SDOC grip strength constructs, depends on the construct of weakness used. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1438-1444, 2020.
High-order point-value enhanced finite volume method for two-dimensional hyperbolic equations on unstructured meshes

Abstract Presently, an approximate delta function (ADF) is defined in multi-dimensional space in the form of a finite-order polynomial that holds identical integral properties to the Dirac delta function when used in conjunction with a finite-order polynomial integrand spanning a finite domain. By using this ADF over a two-dimensional unstructured mesh, a compact high-order point-value enhanced finite volume method (PFV) is constructed. The corresponding scheme is capable of storing and updating cell-averaged values inside each element as well as the unknown quantities and their derivatives (when needed) on vertex points. The sharing of vertex information with surrounding elements reduces the number of degrees of freedom relative to other compact and high-order methods of comparable convergence rate. To ensure conservation, cell-averaged values are updated using an identical approach to the one traditionally followed in the finite volume method. To verify the performance of the PFV scheme at successive orders, its accuracy and stability are vetted using benchmark problems associated with the two-dimensional wave and Euler equations encompassing a total of six standard test cases.
Culture and Language Coaching for Bilingual Residents: The First 10 years of the CHiCoS Model

Program Goals Professional standards and formal training opportunities related to physician use of non-English languages are lacking. Such standards and training are needed to assure high-quality, safe communication with culturally and linguistically diverse patients. Our objective was to describe the first decade of a culture and language coaching program for bilingual (Spanish-English) pediatric residents, including educational, clinical, and residency program outcomes. Evaluation We developed a culture and language coaching model for …
Printed Capacitive Immunoassay for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Viral Particles

The key to fight against a global pandemic such as COVID-19 is to have low-cost, reliable, fast response diagnostic tools. Electronic biosensors are preferred because of their ease of integration into current centralized health care networks and integration with modern point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. Printed electronic sensors provide a sensitive and reliable diagnostic platform to aid in controlling transmissible diseases. In this work, we demonstrate a fully printed capacitive biosensor. The sensor uses coplanar electrodes, coupled with capture antibodies to detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in spiked buffer solutions. Gold nanoparticle (GNP) tagged detection antibodies are also introduced to provide increased sensitivity. The gold nanoparticles provide a reflectance layer which leads to increased capacitance. This increased capacitance can be measured directly and has demonstrated the ability to screen for spiked samples with statistical significance. This fully printed capacitive immunoassay has the potential to be used as a transmissible disease screening and vaccine efficacy assessment tool for resource-limited areas.
Persistence of pain and cognitive impairment in older adults.

Background No studies have examined the longitudinal association between the persistence of pain and its relationship to cognitive problems in older adults. The objective of this study was to examine how the persistent of pain associates with cognitive performance, cognitive impairment, and subjective memory decline. Methods Across 10 biennial waves, 8515 adults ages 65 and over were assessed from the Health and Retirement Study (Mage = 74.17, SD = 6.87, 59.2% female). At each wave, individuals were asked to report on pain presence, and if present, rate its intensity and interference with daily activities such as housework or chores. Using running frequencies or averages, we calculated the persistence of pain using these three pain measures. Cognition was assessed using cognitive performance and different cognitive impairment cutoffs. Incident subjective memory decline was additionally measured as new self-reported memory change in the last 2 years. General estimating equations examined concurrent associations between persistence of pain and cognitive variables, adjusting for demographics, depressive symptoms, and medical comorbidities. Results Persistence of pain presence was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Only persistence of pain interference, not pain intensity, was significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance or being classified as cognitively impaired. For every 2 years, persistence of pain interference was associated with 21% increased odds of cognitive impairment. Only one of three pain variables was related to incident subjective memory decline. Conclusions Persistence of pain is associated with poorer cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults, especially when involving ongoing interference in chores and work. Facilitating pain management might be important for helping to maintain later-life cognition and reduce dementia risk.
Salvage Radiotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Following CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CART) Therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) CD19-directed CART therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, sustained efficacy is limited with durable complete response rates of 40% (Schuster & Locke, 2019). Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is potentially an important strategy post-CART, but current data is limited to one series of 14 patients. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients who received SRT after commercial CART therapy between 8/2018 and 6/2020. Patients who relapsed after CART were divided into two groups: locoregional disease (LD, all relapsed disease encompassable within an RT field) and advanced disease (AD). SRT was defined as comprehensive (treated all sites of active disease) or focal. Post-SRT in-field objective response rates (ORR) were recorded according to Deauville or RECIST criteria with a response characterized as a complete response or partial response. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Acute RT toxicity was graded by CTCAEv5. RESULTS Median time from CART infusion to SRT was 4.0 months (m) (range, 0.6-11.6m). Within the LD group, 8/9 patients were treated with comprehensive SRT (median SRT dose 37.5 Gy, range 8-45 Gy, and number fractions 15, range 2-25 fractions). The in-field ORR was 8/9 (89%). For the AD group, 12/12 patients were treated with focal SRT (median SRT dose 20.8 Gy, range 8-30 Gy, and number fractions 5, range 1-12 fractions). 11/12 AD patients were treated with hypofractionated SRT (≥2.5Gy fractions). Three patients died prior to subsequent imaging with an ORR of 8/9 (89%) for the remaining evaluable patients. Distant progression occurred in 17/18 patients post-SRT (Table). Three-month PFS was 24% for the entire cohort, and 33% and 17% for the LD and AD groups, respectively (P = 0.258). Median OS was 7.4m for the entire cohort, and 21.1m and 2.4m for the LD and AD groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Grade 1 (G1) and G2 acute SRT toxicities occurred in 10 and 4 patients, respectively. No G3 or higher toxicities occurred. CONCLUSION SRT post-CART therapy appears safe (no ≥G3 RT toxicities) in our series. SRT led to an ORR of 89% with only 1 observed local relapse. Patients with LD relapse post-CART had significantly improved survival compared with AD relapse. Unfortunately, prognosis remains poor as 17/18 patients with evaluable imaging progressed outside of the RT field. Thus, prolonged RT courses may not be warranted given the practical inevitability of out of field disease progression. Multi-institutional review of SRT following CART is warranted to further elucidate the impact of RT dose and fractionation on disease outcomes.
The form, function, and evolutionary significance of neural aromatization

Songbirds have emerged as exceptional research subjects for helping us appreciate and understand estrogen synthesis and function in brain. In the context of recognizing the vertebrate-wide importance of brain aromatase expression, in this review we highlight where we believe studies of songbirds have provided clarification and conceptual insight. We follow by focusing on more recent studies of aromatase and neuroestrogen function in the hippocampus and the pallial auditory processing region NCM of songbirds. With perspectives drawn from this body of work, we speculate that the evolution of enhanced neural estrogen signaling, including in the mediation of social behaviors, may have given songbirds the resilience to radiate into one of the most successful vertebrate groups on the planet.
Nonlinear Modeling of Wave Runup on Sloping Beach

A new method of identifying nonlinear systems has been developed and applied to the wave runup process. The new method consists of estimating the parameters of the nonlinear system through the known relation between the correlation functions of the input and output records. The unknown function representing the nonlinear system is expanded into a series of Hermite polynomials. The output autocovariances are expressed in terms of the input autocorrelations and the unknown system function. This provides as many equations as there are autocovariance estimates. From these equations the parameters of the function representing the nonlinear system are estimated. The autocorrelations and spectral density have been computed by using the nonlinear model and compared with the actual autocorrelation and spectral density of the measured output. The predictions are reasonably close to the observations. Results presented indicate the possibility of representing the surf zone as a nonlinear system.
Class II Summary: Forest Responds by Exhibiting Alterations in Growth, Biomass, Species Composition, Disease, and Insect Outbreaks

In the presence of a sufficient dose of an air pollutant, forest trees will be adversely impacted. When this occurs the threshold between Class I and Class II interactions is crossed. At intermediate dose, the specific contaminant concentration and time of exposure varying greatly with specific pollutant and forest situation, the influence on individual forest components may range from extremely subtle to visibly dramatic. Chapters 7 through 14 have reviewed the evidence available to support the hypotheses that intermediate air pollution loads may alter or inhibit forest tree reproduction, alter forest nutrient cycling, alter tree metabolism, or change forest stress conditions by influencing insect pests, microbial pathogens, and by directly damaging foliar tissue. All but the latter of these impacts would be extremely subtle, visibly asymptomatic, and detectable only by very careful forest monitoring.
Umbral oscillations in sunspots

Contrary to the claim by von Uexkuell et al. (1983), their observations of upward phase propagation of umbral oscillations in the chromosphere are in agreement with the photospheric resonance theory of Thomas and Scheuer (1982) and in contradiction to the chromospheric resonance theory of Zhugzhda et al. (1983). Other observational evidence also indicates that the fundamental 3-min umbral oscillation is due to a photospheric resonance, although the closely-spaced multiple peaks sometimes seen in the power spectrum of chromospheric oscillations may well be due to chromospheric resonances.
Interatomic potentials for mixed oxide and advanced nuclear fuels

We extend our recently developed interatomic potentials for UO_2 to the fuel system (U,Pu,Np)O_2. We do so by fitting against an extensive database of ab initio results as well as to experimental measurements. The applicability of these interactions to a variety of mixed environments beyond the fitting domain is also assessed. The employed formalism makes these potentials applicable across all interatomic distances without the need for any ambiguous splining to the well-established short-range Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark universal pair potential. We therefore expect these to be reliable potentials for carrying out damage simulations (and molecular dynamics simulations in general) in nuclear fuels of varying compositions for all relevant atomic collision energies.
Tissue Removal Considerations in Blepharoplasty Surgery

When deciding how much tissue to remove in cosmetic upper blepharoplasty, it is important to remember a few critical mantras: 1. It is not the tissue that you remove, but what you leave behind that counts. As we are all asymmetric, measure not what you remove, but the residual eyelid tissue for symmetry. 2. Function trumps form every time. Blepharoplasty is not a procedure designed to achieve maximum tautness of the lids. This in fact is an aging change. It is critical to ensure that the patient can close their eyes completely on the OR table. It is not recommended that the patient have residual lagophthalmos. If the patient has lagophthalmos in the OR, he or she certainly may have lagophthalmos in the office the next day. This situation does not improve spontaneously. Additionally, it is important to leave the orbicularis. This is not a structure that becomes redundant with age. The orbicularis is important to ensure adequate eyelid closure, especially in a population at risk for dry eye. 3. Blepharoplasty is not a procedure designed to achieve maximum skeletonization or excavation of the eyelids. Fat is the lubrication of the eyelid. A cushion of fat is a sign of “youthfulness,” ensures adequate levator function, and decreases the possibility of postoperative scarring. Overexcision of fat can overly hollow the eyelids, leading to a “lost in time,” obviously surgical appearance.
Social Media Mining: An Introduction

The growth of social media over the last decade has revolutionized the way individuals interact and industries conduct business. Individuals produce data at an unprecedented rate by interacting, sharing, and consuming content through social media. Understanding and processing this new type of data to glean actionable patterns presents challenges and opportunities for interdisciplinary research, novel algorithms, and tool development. Social Media Mining integrates social media, social network analysis, and data mining to provide a convenient and coherent platform for students, practitioners, researchers, and project managers to understand the basics and potentials of social media mining. It introduces the unique problems arising from social media data and presents fundamental concepts, emerging issues, and effective algorithms for network analysis and data mining. Suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses as well as professional short courses, the text contains exercises of different degrees of difficulty that improve understanding and help apply concepts, principles, and methods in various scenarios of social media mining.
Mutational Analysis of the Region Surrounding the 93d Heat Shock Locus of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

The region containing subdivisions 93C, 93D and 93E on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster has been screened for visible and lethal mutations. Treatment with three mutagens, gamma irradiation, ethyl methanesulfonate and diepoxybutane, has produced mutations that fall into 20 complementation groups, including the previously identified ebony locus. No point mutations affecting the heat shock locus in 93D were detected; however, a pair of deficiencies that overlap in the region of this locus was isolated. Flies heterozygous in trans for this pair of deficiencies are capable of producing all of the major heat shock puffs (except 93D) and the major heat shock proteins. In addition, these flies show recovery of normal protein synthesis following a heat shock.
Clinical and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance

Knowledge of the clinical and economic impact of antimicrobial resistance is useful to influence programs and behavior in healthcare facilities, to guide policy makers and funding agencies, to define the prognosis of individual patients and to stimulate interest in developing new antimicrobial agents and therapies. There are a variety of important issues that must be considered when designing or interpreting studies into the clinical and economic outcomes associated with antimicrobial resistance. One of the most misunderstood issues is how to measure cost appropriately. Although imperfect, existing data show that there is an association between antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci and Gram-negative bacilli and increases in mortality, morbidity, length of hospitalization and cost of healthcare. Patients with infections due to antimicrobial-resistant organisms have higher costs (US$6000–30,000) than do patients with infections due to antimicrobial-susceptible organisms; the differe...