cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resident perceptions of police mistreatment and use of force in a troubled Trinidadian neighborhood

This study examines public perceptions of police mistreatment and use of force in a disadvantaged neighborhood in a developing Caribbean nation. This research describes residents’ perceptions of, and experiences with, police misbehavior before and after the implementation of a community-oriented policing initiative. Multivariate analyses examine whether the factors influencing perceptions of police use of excessive force varied across time. The initial results suggest that the introduction of community policing did not positively influence citizens’ views of, or experiences with, police mistreatment in this neighborhood. Results from the multivariate analyses suggest that the factors predicting public views about the frequency of excessive use of force by police did change over time. We offer several explanations for why change in residents’ views of police misbehavior did and did not occur.
Advent of Greige Cotton Non-Wovens Made using a Hydro-Entanglement Process

Using greige (scour/bleach-less) cotton, non-woven fabrics have been successfully produced by adopting conventional fiber opening, cleaning and (modified) carding machines followed by cross-lap- ping, pre/light needling, and hydro-entanglement (H- E) on modern commercial machinery and equipment. Using standard test methods and procedures, the fab- rics were evaluated for their weight, thickness, burst strength, tensile and tear failures in both machine (MD) and cross (CD) directions, and absorbency. Dimensional characteristics of the fabrics were deter- mined before and after an ordinary wash. Microscopic examinations of the fiber/fabric surfaces before and after various conditions/degrees of H-E were con- ducted. Results of these preliminary research investi- gations have shown that a run-of-the-mill greige cotton, processed on a conventional cotton cleaning and preparatory system, can indeed be efficiently proc- essed on the downstream non-wovens production equipment. In addition, it has been shown that differ- ent processing conditions, especially the high-pres- sure (HP) hydraulic energy of the H-E system, have a considerable influence on properties of the fabrics produced. At the nominal fabric production rates deployed in the research trials, pressure greater than 100 bar (at the system's two HP jet-heads) produces a fabric that is partially hydrophilic: a desirable attribute for many end-use applications of cotton non-wovens. Based on a previous in-house investigation, it seems that the HP (hydraulic energy) at certain levels partly removes some of the greige cotton fiber's natural hydrophobic defensive membrane (outer-surface bar- rier) of heavy hydrocarbons, such as waxes, pectins, etc., thus making the fiber/fabric partially hydrophilic. Fur- ther, it has been observed that the high water pressures (HP), under otherwise similar processing conditions, tend to fracture some cotton fibers into tiny fibrils, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. These ruptured fibers, by way of exposing their inner (hydrophilic) walls, could also partly con- tribute to the fabric's improved absorbency at elevated hydraulic energy levels. Furthermore, a rather unique fabric structure, comprising certain well-defined fibrous "strands and channels," observed at elevated (HP) pressures is also deemed to partly contribute to the greige fabric's improved wickability.
Defeating Dr. Evil with Self-Locating Belief

Dr. Evil learns that a duplicate of Dr. Evil has been created. Upon learning this, how seriously should he take the hypothesis that he himself is that duplicate? I answer: very seriously. I defend a principle of indifference for self-locating belief which entails that after Dr. Evil learns that a duplicate has been created, he ought to have exactly the same degree of belief that he is Dr. Evil as that he is the duplicate. More generally, the principle shows that there is a sharp distinction between ordinary skeptical hypotheses, and self-locating skeptical hypotheses.
Inhibition of TGF-β1 Signaling Promotes Central Memory T Cell Differentiation

This study affirmed that isolated CD8(+) T cells express mRNA and produce TGF-β following cognate peptide recognition. Blockage of endogenous TGF-β with either a TGF-β-blocking Ab or a small molecule inhibitor of TGF-βRI enhances the generation of CD62L(high)/CD44(high) central memory CD8(+) T cells accompanied with a robust recall response. Interestingly, the augmentation within the central memory T cell pool occurs in lieu of cellular proliferation or activation, but with the expected increase in the ratio of the Eomesoderm/T-bet transcriptional factors. Yet, the signal transduction pathway(s) seems to be noncanonical, independent of SMAD or mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Enhancement of central memory generation by TGF-β blockade is also confirmed in human PBMCs. The findings underscore the role(s) that autocrine TGF-β plays in T cell homeostasis and, in particular, the balance of effector/memory and central/memory T cells. These results may provide a rationale to targeting TGF-β signaling to enhance Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell memory against a lethal infection or cancer.
Helicobacter pylori Relies Primarily on the Purine Salvage Pathway for Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Helicobacter pylori is a chronic colonizer of the gastric epithelium and plays a major role in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. In its coevolution with humans, the streamlining of the H. pylori genome has resulted in a significant reduction in metabolic pathways, one being purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Bioinformatic analysis has revealed that H. pylori lacks the enzymatic machinery for de novo production of IMP, the first purine nucleotide formed during GTP and ATP biosynthesis. This suggests that H. pylori must rely heavily on salvage of purines from the environment. In this study, we deleted several genes putatively involved in purine salvage and processing. The growth and survival of these mutants were analyzed in both nutrient-rich and minimal media, and the results confirmed the presence of a robust purine salvage pathway in H. pylori. Of the two phosphoribosyltransferase genes found in the H. pylori genome, only gpt appears to be essential, and an Δapt mutant strain was still capable of growth on adenine, suggesting that adenine processing via Apt is not essential. Deletion of the putative nucleoside phosphorylase gene deoD resulted in an inability of H. pylori to grow on purine nucleosides or the purine base adenine. Our results suggest a purine requirement for growth of H. pylori in standard media, indicating that H. pylori possesses the ability to utilize purines and nucleosides from the environment in the absence of a de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway.
Political Discontinuities in the International System

The international political system is currently undergoing changes that are both rapid and extensive. Especially since the early sixties, a number of trends have manifested themselves and become interrelated in such a way that, taken together, they are substantially altering the fundamental postwar patterns of international politics. These indications of change and flux have engendered a substantial debate concerning appropriate concepts for the analysis of the international system.
Effects of cortisol and growth hormone replacement on osmoregulation in hypophysectomized coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Both cortisol and GH were able to reverse partially the effects of hypophysectomy on coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as judged by improved seawater (SW) tolerance after long-term treatment; however, neither hormone significantly restored gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. In the first experiment, gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity remained low in hypophysectomized (Hx) coho treated with cortisol (15 μg/g body wt, suspended in cocoa butter) for 96 hr (48 hr in fresh water followed by 48 hr in seawater). In addition, plasma sodium levels were higher in the cortisol-treated Hx animals compared with those in untreated controls. In the second experiment, treatment with cortisol-filled Silastic capsules and implants of bovine GH (mixed with cholesterol in a ratio calculated to yield a dose of 1.5 μg/g body wt/week) for 12 days also failed to alter gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, but did reduce plasma sodium levels in animals transferred to SW for 48 hr. These results suggest that these hormones may be involved in the development of hypoosmoregulatory ability in coho salmon. However, the failure of either hormone to restore gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity suggests that a combination of these hormones and/or an additional hormone(s) acting in a synchronized fashion may be required for full effectiveness.
Reinventing Bruno Schulz: Cynthia Ozick's The Messiah of Stockholm and David Grossman's See Under: Love

Bruno Schulz, the Polish Jewish author of brilliant phantasmagoria, was gunned down by a Nazi officer in the Drohobycz ghetto in 1942. He left behind a small corpus of narrative work, published in English under the titles The Street of Crocodiles and Sanatorium Under the Sign of the Hourglass. 1 Another manuscript to which he had devoted several years, The Messiah, remained unfinished. Presumably it perished in the Holocaust, for it has never been recovered. Two recent novels, David Grossman's See Under: Love ('Ayen 'erekh 'ahavah)2 and Cynthia Ozick's ( The Messiah of Stockholm ),3 both turn the influence of Bruno Schulz and an evaluation of the events of his life to explicit thematic focus as they engage, too, in an imaginative reconstruction of the lost work, The Messiah. Though they have written very different books in different languages, Ozick and Grossman both take the same constellation of tensions as the raw material of their texts, and they elaborate on this fundamental similarity of concerns as part of a meditation on the power of the imagination, the possibilities of artistic expression, and Jewish identity in the second generation after the Holocaust.
Effect of Distance Information and Range on Two Indices of Visually Perceived Distance

Subjects made verbal reports of the perceived distance of near visual targets and indicated their distances by pointing at them with an unseen hand. The targets were presented under three stimulus conditions: monocular, binocular, and multicue. Two ranges of target distance were studied in separate experiments: 11–39 cm and 21–33 cm. When reciprocals of both response distance and target distance were plotted, all functions were approximately linear. The verbal and manual responses (distance indices) differed greatly, but were found to be related by a constant transform. The range of target distances had no effect on either index. The standard deviation of the manual response was about half that of the verbal response. Stimulus condition had a large effect, with the multicue condition producing the greatest change in indicated distance, and the monocular condition the least. The results are discussed with reference to the definition of perceived distance, and hypotheses concerning the integration of distan...
Investigation of Existing Nonintrusive Inspection Technologies for Port Cargo Inspections: Discrete-Event Simulation Modeling Approach

The quantity of cargo handled by U. S. ports has increased significantly in recent years. According to 2010 data, 2,333.4 million short tons of cargo passed through U. S. ports in 1 year. All such cargo must be inspected by U. S. Customs and Border Protection officials in the most effective manner possible. Existing nonintrusive inspection (NII) technologies have significant strengths, but they also have weaknesses, such as a low detection rate and long inspection time. Newer and more advanced technologies can be used to inspect cargo with higher accuracy and less delay. Research was conducted to identify the most effective and efficient combination of NII technologies for inspection of cargo arriving at U. S. ports. A discrete-event simulation model was developed to simulate the cargo inspection procedure. The effectiveness and the efficiency of the various combinations were evaluated through simulation of the operations of combinations of NII technologies. This information was used to provide recommenda...
How virtue fits within business ethics

This paper proposes that managers add an attention to virtues and vices of human character as a full complement to moral reasoning according to a deontological focus on obligations to act and a teleological focus on consequences (a balanced tripartite approach). Even if the criticisms of virtue ethics cloud its use as a mononomic normative theory of justification, they do not refute the substantial benefits of applying a human character perspective – when done so in conjunction with also-imperfect act-oriented perspectives. An interactive tripartite approach is superior for meeting the complex requirements of an applied ethic. To illustrate how deficiencies of a "strong" virtue ethics formulation can be overcome by a balanced tripartite approach, this paper compares normative leadership paradigms (each based on a combination of virtue, deontology, or consequentialist perspectives) and the dangers inherent in each. The preferred paradigm is servant leadership, grounded in a tripartite ethic. Effective application of such an ethics approach in contemporary organizations requires further empirical research to develop a greater understanding of the moral language actually used. Meeting this challenge will allow academics better to assist practicing managers lead moral development and moral reasoning efforts.
The kinase activity of the Ser/Thr kinase BUB1 promotes TGF-β signaling

Transforming growth factor–b (TGF-b) signaling regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, which contributes to development and disease. Upon binding TGF-b, the type I receptor (TGFBRI) binds TGFBRII, leading to the activation of the transcription factors SMAD2 and SMAD3. Using an RNA interference screen of the human kinome and a live-cell reporter for TGFBR activity, we identified the kinase BUB1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles-1) as a key mediator of TGF-b signaling. BUB1 interacted with TGFBRI in the presence of TGF-b and promoted the heterodimerization of TGFBRI and TGFBRII. Additionally, BUB1 interacted with TGFBRII, suggesting the formation of a ternary complex. Knocking down BUB1 prevented the recruitment of SMAD3 to the receptor complex, the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 and their interaction with SMAD4, SMAD-dependent transcription, and TGF-b–mediated changes in cellular phenotype including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. Knockdown of BUB1 also impaired noncanonical TGF-b signaling mediated by the kinases AKT and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). The ability of BUB1 to promote TGF-b signaling depended on the kinase activity of BUB1. A small-molecule inhibitor of the kinase activity of BUB1 (2OH-BNPP1) and a kinase-deficient mutant of BUB1 suppressed TGF-b signaling and formation of the ternary complex in various normal and cancer cell lines. 2OH-BNPP1 administration to mice bearing lung carcinoma xenografts reduced the amount of phosphorylated SMAD2 in tumor tissue. These findings indicated that BUB1 functions as a kinase in the TGF-b pathway in a role beyond its established function in cell cycle regulation and chromosome cohesion.
Implicit Power Motivation Moderates Men's Testosterone Responses to Imagined and Real Dominance Success

This study tested the hypothesis that implicit power motivation moderates individuals' testosterone responses to the anticipated success in and actual outcome of a dominance contest. Salivary testosterone levels were assessed in 42 male students at the beginning of the study, after they had imagined a success in an ensuing power contest, and immediately after the contest had taken place. Contest outcome (winning or losing against a competitor on a speed-based task) was varied experimentally. Participants' power motive was assessed with a picture-story exercise, in which an assertive, personalized (p Power) component was distinguished from an altruistic, socialized (s Power) component. In contrast to all other participants, individuals high only in p Power (a) had elevated testosterone after imagining a success in a subsequent dominance contest and (b) continued to have high testosterone levels after actually winning, but not after losing, the contest.
Rapid, sensitive, and specific lateral-flow immunochromatographic device to measure anti-anthrax protective antigen immunoglobulin g in serum and whole blood.

Evidence from animals suggests that anti-anthrax protective antigen (PA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) from vaccination with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is protective against Bacillus anthracis infection. Measurement of anti-PA IgG in human sera can be performed using either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (ELISA) (R. E. Biagini, D. L. Sammons, J. P. Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. Striley, V. Semenova, E. Steward-Clark, K. Stamey, A. E. Freeman, C. P. Quinn, and J. E. Snawder, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11:50-55, 2004). Both these methods are laboratory based. We describe the development of a rapid lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) test kit for the measurement of anti-PA IgG in serum or whole-blood samples (30-μl samples) using colloidal gold nanoparticles as the detection reagent and an internal control. Using sera from 19 anthrax AVA vaccinees (anti-PA IgG range, 2.4 to 340 μg/ml) and 10 controls and PA-supplemented whole-blood samples, we demonstrated that the LFIA had a sensitivity of approximately 3 μg/ml anti-PA IgG in serum and ∼14 μg/ml anti-PA IgG in whole blood. Preabsorption of sera with PA yielded negative anti-PA LFIAs. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 100% using ELISA-measured anti-PA IgG as the standard. This kit has utility in determining anti-PA antibody reactivity in the sera of individuals vaccinated with AVA or individuals with clinical anthrax.
The Impact of Mechanical Circulatory Support on Post-Transplant Survival: A Different View⁎

An increasing percentage of patients who are listed for a heart transplant either present initially with such advanced heart failure or deteriorate after listing that they are essentially refractory to even intravenous inotrope and/or vasodilator therapy. These patients have been increasingly
Clostridium septicum Gas Gangrene in Colon Cancer: Importance of Early Diagnosis

The Clostridia species are responsible for some of the deadliest diseases including gas gangrene, tetanus, and botulism. Clostridium septicum is a rare subgroup known to cause atraumatic myonecrosis and is associated with colonic malignancy or immunosuppression. It is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus found in the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to direct, spontaneous infections of the bowel and peritoneal cavity. The anaerobic glycolysis of the tumor produces an acidic, hypoxic environment favoring germination of clostridial spores. Tumor-induced mucosal ulceration allows for translocation of sporulated bacteria from the bowel into the bloodstream, leading to fulminant sepsis. C. septicum bacteremia can have a variable presentation and is associated with greater than 60% mortality rate. The majority of deaths occur within the first 24 hours if diagnosis and appropriate treatment measures are not promptly started. We report a case of abdominal myonecrosis in a patient with newly diagnosed colon cancer. The aim of this study is to stress the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of C. septicum infection in patients with underlying colonic malignancy.
Performance of a Monocular Vision-aided Inertial Navigation System for a Small UAV

The use of optical sensors for navigation on aircraft has receive much attention recently. Optical sensors provide a wealth of information about the environment and are standard payloads for many unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms using optical sensors have become computationally feasible in real time in the last ten years. However, implementations of visual SLAM navigation systems on aerial vehicles are still new and consequently are often limited to restrictive environments or idealized conditions. One example of a flight condition which can dramatically affect navigation performance is altitude. This paper seeks to examine the performance of monocular extended Kalman filter based SLAM (EKF-SLAM) navigation over a large altitude change. Simulation data is collected which illustrates the behavior of the navigation system over the altitude range. Navigation and control system parameters values are specified which improve vehicle performance across the flight conditions. Additionally, a detailed presentation of the monocular EKF-SLAM navigation system is given. Flight test results are presented on a quadrotor.
Attack Behavior of Parasetigena silvestris in Relation to Host Density and Behavior

The synchrony and interaction of the tachinid parasite, Parasetigena silvestris (Robineau- Desvoidy), with the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), were studied in Connecticut in 1973 and 1974. Once in the host habitat the primary method for host location was visual. Each year, the number of P. silvestris attacks (eggs laid) was related directly to the number of large larvae available at any particular time. The number of P. silvestris adults caught on sticky tubes followed the pattern of occurrence of large larvae and attacks. Both the number of larvae attacked (with at least one egg) and the proportion of those with multiple attacks were inversely proportional to the number of large larvae. In 1973, there were ca. 8 times as many larvae, at peak count, as in 1974. The proportion of larvae attacked in 1973 was 17% (N=2237), compared with 54% (N=868) in 1974; in 1973, 14.7% of those attacked had multiple attacks, compared to 48.5% in 1974.s
A Research on the Current Infectious Situation of Hepatitis C among Drug Users in Huizhou

objective To understand the current infectious situation of hepatitis C(HCV) among drug users in Huizhou and determine the prevalence,influencing factors of hepatitis C,to provide scientific basis for the controlling of the dissemination of hepatitis C.Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were applied to detect serum anti-HCV in drug users and ordinary population in Huizhou.Results 301 are positive in the drug users group with the infectious rate of 66.89%;1 of 100 are positive in the control group with the infectious rate of 1%.The HCV infectious rate among drug users is 66.89 times higher than that among the ordinary population.Conclusion Venous drug taking are the main infection ways.It plays an important role to availably grasp the situation of HCV infection by detecting serum anti-HCV in drug users.And ministries should strengthen the management of drug users to prevent the dissemination of hepatitis C from them.
Spatial and successional dynamics of microbial biofilm communities in a grassland stream ecosystem

Biofilms represent a metabolically active and structurally complex component of freshwater ecosystems. Ephemeral prairie streams are hydrologically harsh and prone to frequent perturbation. Elucidating both functional and structural community changes over time within prairie streams provides a general understanding of microbial responses to environmental disturbance. We examined microbial succession of biofilm communities at three sites in a third-order stream at Konza Prairie over a 2- to 64-day period. Microbial abundance (bacterial abundance, chlorophyll a concentrations) increased and never plateaued during the experiment. Net primary productivity (net balance of oxygen consumption and production) of the developing biofilms did not differ statistically from zero until 64 days suggesting a balance of the use of autochthonous and allochthonous energy sources until late succession. Bacterial communities (MiSeq analyses of the V4 region of 16S rRNA) established quickly. Bacterial richness, diversity and evenness were high after 2 days and increased over time. Several dominant bacterial phyla (Beta-, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi) and genera (Luteolibacter, Flavobacterium, Gemmatimonas, Hydrogenophaga) differed in relative abundance over space and time. Bacterial community composition differed across both space and successional time. Pairwise comparisons of phylogenetic turnover in bacterial community composition indicated that early-stage succession (≤16 days) was driven by stochastic processes, whereas later stages were driven by deterministic selection regardless of site. Our data suggest that microbial biofilms predictably develop both functionally and structurally indicating distinct successional trajectories of bacterial communities in this ecosystem.
Vibrio vulnificus septicemia complicated by cerebral infarction

Vibrio vulnificus, part of normal marine flora, is a serious human pathogen capable of causing septicemia and death in susceptible persons. Disease is caused by raw shellfish ingestion or wound exposure to seawater. We present a unique case of a man who developed V. vulnificus septicemia, cerebral infarction, and left homonymous hemianopia.
Role of Sex Steroids in β Cell Function, Growth, and Survival

The gonads have long been considered endocrine glands, producing sex steroids such as estrogens, androgens, and progesterone (P4) for the sole purpose of sexual differentiation, puberty, and reproduction. Reproduction and energy metabolism are tightly linked, however, and gonadal steroids play an important role in sex-specific aspects of energy metabolism in various physiological conditions. In that respect, gonadal steroids also influence the secretion of insulin in a sex-specific manner. This review presents a perspective on the physiological roles of estrogens, androgens, and P4 via their receptors in pancreatic β cells in the gender-specific tuning of insulin secretion. I also discuss potential gender-specific therapeutic avenues that this knowledge may open in the future.
Contrast between populations versus spread within populations

Abstract Certain notions of the p -contrast between two populations and the average p -spread within the populations are introduced, where 0 ⩽ p ⩽ 4 . It is shown that the p -contrast is no less than the average p -spread for p ⩽ 2 —whereas, if the two populations means are the same, then the p -contrast is no greater than the average p -spread for p ⩾ 2 . The proof is based on an expression of the absolute moments in terms of the characteristic function. For p = 1 , extensions of this result to multivariate settings are provided.
Not my Gumdrop Buttons!: Youth Tool Use in Designing an Electronic Shrek-themed Bean Bag Toss

The Maker Movement, with a novel approach to learning and conceptualizing science, could potentially increase representation from groups traditionally alienated by mainstream science. However, only a few studies have been conducted on underrepresented groups' participation in Maker projects. In this paper, we explore how a group of Latina youths, who initially expressed an aversion to STEM and had limited knowledge about circuits, created an electronic bean bag toss. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) provided insight into how the girls delegated and accomplished Maker tasks, used or repurposed tools, and developed expertise. Analyzing video data, student work, and group exit interviews revealed the use of non-technical terms or "insider labels" for tools described within the group. The girls were aware of their switch to more scientific language when posting online and preparing for presentations. Similarly, the young women demonstrated distinct forms of comprehension within the group when creating the project (functional understanding) versus explaining to others beyond the group (conceptual understanding).
Color-blind ideology and perceptions of minority children during a fictionalized parent-child discipline scene

ABSTRACTBelief in color-blind ideology among 200 social service providers and its associations with their evaluations of a fictionalized minority family were examined. Perceptions of the family in the first scenes of the movie Crooklyn included the mother’s competency, abusiveness, supportiveness, and irresponsibility, as well as her children’s respectfulness, obedience, lack of control, and aggressiveness. Color-blind ideology was operationalized as participants’ reported degree of belief that differences should be ignored when encountering others. Significant associations were found between degree of belief in ignoring differences and perceptions of the children as aggressive and out of control. Therefore, as the tendency to believe in ignoring differences increased, the tendency to see the Crooklyn children as aggressive and out of control also increased. Imposing color-blind ideologies when evaluating minority children may be associated with increasingly negative perceptions, and therefore may not be ...
Valence specific response reversal deficits and risk for mania

Response reversal deficits are well documented in bipolar disorder (BD). Although frequently construed as an index of reward processing abnormalities, these response reversal deficits might simply result from more general cognitive inflexibility. Given that both are implicated in BD, our goal was to more carefully test whether reversal learning deficits are specific to reward processing or reflect more general cognitive inflexibility. To more carefully assess deficits, a novel variant of the response reversal task was used to separate responses to in reward versus punishment feedback. In addition, while response reversal deficits are well documented in BD, it is still unknown if these deficits are observable in people at risk for the disorder, whose performance would be unconfounded by medication use and illness course. To assess the presence of premorbid response reversal deficits, we tested students at risk for developing BD, as defined by the well-validated Hypomanic Personality Scale. Undergraduates (n = 99) were randomly assigned to complete either a reward only or a punishment only version of a response reversal task. Mania risk was related to difficulty reversing responses following reward, but not punishment feedback. Findings suggest that a deficit in response reversal may be an index of reward dysregulation in BD, and that this deficit can be observed even in those at high risk for the development of BD.
Successful crosswell field test of fluorescent carbogenic nanoparticles

Abstract This manuscript reports the industry's first proven reservoir nanoagents' design and describes a successful crosswell field trial using these inexpensive and environmentally friendly nanoparticles that offer an important advantage of fast and cheap fluorometric detection. Our fundamental nanoparticle tracer template, A-Dots, is intentionally geared towards the harsh but prolific carbonate reservoir environment of 100 °C temperature, 150,000 ppm salinity, and an abundant presence of divalent ions in the connate water. The A-Dots were manufactured on a scale of one metric ton from affordable and easily available commodity chemicals. They were injected into a watered-out part of the field and monitored at four nearby producer wells for two years. Monitoring of four neighboring producer wells over a period of 26 months confirmed nanoparticles' breakthrough at a single producer nearly 500 m from the injector at the reservoir level, thus, proving the nanoparticles' mobility and transport capability. The maximum concentration of the nanoagent in produced water was observed about 10 months after the injection matching the behavior of conventional small-molecule tracers used in the same pai4 of wells previously. This test supported our previous observations of satisfactory recovery of A-Dots in a single-well test by confirming their reservoir stability on industry relevant time scales and demonstrating the feasibility of their industrial production. The importance of this accomplishment is not in how sophisticated the sensing functionality of the tracer design is but rather in the nanoparticle stability, mobility, scalability, and field application potentials. Our findings render the concept of having active, reactive, and even communicative, in-situ reservoir nanoagents for underground sensing and intervention a well anticipated near-future reality.
The Effect of Hamstring Tendon Autograft Harvest on the Restoration of Knee Stability in the Setting of Concurrent Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries

Background:A hamstring autograft is commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR); however, there is evidence to suggest that the tendons harvested may contribute to media...
Surrealism with Floating Origami Rose: A Cocktail Ensemble

Surrealism with Floating Origami Rose: A Cocktail Ensemble Diane Sparks and Tyler Klene, Colorado State University The focus in this submission is the Surrealist landscape textile design. Emphasis was achieved through digitally manipulating color vibrancy and contrast in the artwork used for the silk textile. Garment structures were held at a minimum level of complexity to emphasize the textile design. Traditional draping techniques were used to create garment patterns, and couture techniques were used to assemble and finish garment structures. This design follows the precedent of a relationship between fashion and Surrealism established in the 1930â€™s by Elsa Schiaparelli and Salvador DalA­. It is different, in that the textile design process was done using digital technology. The contribution to the literature provided by this submission, is a unique textile design and garment structure that visually demonstrate the potential for dress designing to be a manifestation of art.
The Child Care Crisis and the Work-Family Conflict: Policy Rationale for Federal Legislation

This Article examines the severe lack of affordable quality child care in the United States today, concluding that the best solution to the child care crisis is increased federal funding and regulation of child care. The author provides a comprehensive analysis of the numerous harms created by the lack of affordable quality child care to illustrate both the breadth and the depth of the problem. The author also examines how the current child care crisis remains, in large part, because of Americans’ complex attitudes towards child care, dependency, the role of mothers, and the role of government in assisting families. This Article further examines the way norms theory applies to the issue of child care. Specifically, this Article argues that increased government funding and regulation of child care would have an expressive function and would indicate societal approval of child care. Such government support would, in turn, affect American’s attitudes towards child care. The author concludes that additional federal funding and regulation is necessary-- both because of the direct benefits of increased funding and regulation of childcare and also because of the expressive effect of such legislation--and that this funding should occur primarily through a voucher program.
Travel-Time Based Reactive Transport Modeling for In Situ Subsurface Reactor

Engineered in situ bioremediation of contaminated groundwater often uses multiple-well systems consisting of extraction and injection wells to create subsurface in situ reactors acting as treatment zones. Contaminated groundwater from the capture zone is withdrawn by the extraction well and then, mixed with additives, is returned through the injection well into the recirculation and release zones, where reactions occur. In order to design such in situ reactor systems and evaluate their performance, efficient and practical modeling tools are needed for simulating subsurface flow and bioreactive transport. This chapter describes a practical and efficient travel-time based approach for simulating reactive transport in such engineered remediation systems.
Possible Relations between Crime, Immigration and Socioeconomic Factors

The purpose of this paper is to analyze possible relations between crime, migratory phenomenon and some socioeconomic factors in Europe. In particular, this preliminary study here endeavors to investigate relationships between some types of crime, such as homicides, thefts, sexual violence, etc., and some socioeconomic factors, such as variable associated with migration, employment, etc. Data are from EUROSTAT for 2008–2013 period. Results suggest an association between crimes - such as theft, assaults and sexual violence- and immigration but not between intentional homicides and immigration. The study seems to reveal that intentional homicides are associated with high rates of unemployment, linking this violent crime to socioeconomic and situational factors within countries. Moreover, statistical analysis also shows that criminal activities are higher in rich rather than poor countries. In particular, some typologies of crime in central-northern Europe (richer regions, with higher GDP per capita) are higher than Mediterranean countries with lower GDP per capita. Conclusions of this study are tentative but the preliminary findings of this paper can provide fruitful information to explain possible relations and foster socioeconomic policies that can reduce violent behavior in society. Overall, then, phenomena under study here are complex and cannot be traced back only to few factors. This study can be a ground work for development of more sophisticated investigations to explain causes and consequences of these social issues in modern economies.
Anatomical Guide for the Electromyographer: The Limbs and Trunk, ed 4

Perotto AO. Springfield, IL 62704, Charles C Thomas Publisher Ltd, 2005, hardcover, 345 pp, illus, ISBN: 0-398-07577-8, $65.95. This book is an update of a classic reference book on electromyography. Using the traditional regional approach, Perotto provides information for approximately 93 appendicular and 22 axial muscles, divided into 14 sections. This information includes the innervation and attachments of each muscle, how to position the patient for the examination, the appropriate site for insertion of the electrode, the depth of insertion of the electrode, and the action that the patient should perform to activate the muscle. Furthermore, common errors in electrode placement and clinically relevant comments are included, as well as 1 or 2 illustrations. One particularly useful inclusion is “pitfalls,” which describes which muscle the electrode will record if the needle is placed too …
Performance evaluation of asymmetric capacitive deionization with carbon aerogel based fiber-paper electrodes: Effect of gold deposition vs acid treatment

Abstract Carbon aerogel fiber-paper based electrodes were subjected to nitric acid treatment and gold deposition in this study of capacitive deionization (CDI) experiments. The performance of each electrode was assessed based on their adsorption capacities in four different electrode-configurations (two symmetric and two asymmetric). The characterization of the electrodes was conducted following scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional laser confocal microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and Fourier transform spectroscopy. Surface area and porosity measurements were conducted using BET isotherm analysis. The highest salt removal capacity in this study was 8.0 mg/g of NaCl in asymmetric electrodes configuration with the gold-deposited electrode used as anode and untreated/uncoated electrode used as cathode.
The Effects of Gonadal Hormones on Water and Electrolyte Metabolism in the Human

For many years, physicians have had the impression that the administration of gonadal hormones could under certain circumstances cause fluid retention in the human subject. The impression was strengthened by experiments in the late nineteen-thirties showing that gonadal hormones could cause marked fluid retention in animals (1,2). These experiments led in turn to the proposal that gonadal hormones were responsible for the cyclical fluid retention frequently seen in women before the menses (3).
Social Impact Assessment: The State Of the Art

This is a brief “state of the art” survey of social impactassessment (SIA), including a review of topics and concerns in the field, an appraisal of successes and failures to date, and some suggestions for further improvement.
Evaluating data parallelism in C++ using the Parallel Research Kernels

The Parallel Research Kernels are a set of simple algorithms that correspond to popular classes of high-performance computing applications. We report on their use to evaluate parallel programming models based upon modern C++.
Mitigating Racial and Sex Disparities in Access to Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: Impact of the Nation's Longest Single-center Kidney Chain.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to assess likelihood of living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) within a single-center kidney transplant waitlist, by race and sex, after implementation of an incompatible program. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Disparities in access to LDKT exist among minority women and may be partially explained by antigen sensitization secondary to prior pregnancies, transplants, or blood transfusions, creating difficulty finding compatible matches. To address these and other obstacles, an incompatible LDKT program, incorporating desensitization and kidney paired donation, was created at our institution. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed among our kidney transplant waitlist candidates (n = 8895). Multivariable Cox regression was utilized, comparing likelihood of LDKT before (era 1: 01/2007-01/2013) and after (era 2: 01/2013-11/2018) implementation of the incompatible program. Candidates were stratified by race [white vs minority (nonwhite)], sex, and breadth of sensitization. RESULTS Program implementation resulted in the nation's longest single-center kidney chain, and likelihood of LDKT increased by 70% for whites [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-1.99] and more than 100% for minorities (aHR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.60-2.62). Improvement in access to LDKT was greatest among sensitized minority women [calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) 11%-49%: aHR 4.79; 95% CI, 2.27-10.11; cPRA 50%-100%: aHR 4.09; 95% CI, 1.89-8.82]. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of an incompatible program, and the resulting nation's longest single-center kidney chain, mitigated disparities in access to LDKT among minorities, specifically sensitized women. Extrapolation of this success on a national level may further serve these vulnerable populations.
Systematic Review of Publications Regarding Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Use in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Purpose To perform a systematic review with quantitative and qualitative analysis of publications to date focusing on the use of quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to define the regional variability, type of publication, level of evidence, journal of publication, and type of QT graft used. Methods The PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were systematically queried for journal articles relating to QT autografts used for ACL reconstruction through 2018. These publications were filtered for relevance and then analyzed and differentiated by publication characteristics. Results Most articles were published in the United States and Europe, and most articles evaluating clinical outcomes were Level of Evidence III. Over 60% of the publications (115 of 187) focusing on QT for ACL reconstruction were published within the past 10 years, and 30% (56 of 187) were published within the past 3 years. The results not only showed a recent increase in the number of publications regarding QT as a choice for the autograft harvest site in ACL reconstruction over time, but also yielded informative data regarding the publication journal, country or region, and level of evidence. Conclusions This evaluation shows the increasing interest in the scientific evaluation of QT as a source of autograft tissue for ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance Increased production of high-quality research will allow surgeons to feel more confident in their use of the QT as an autograft option in ACL reconstruction.
Design, delivery and perception of condition-dependent chemical signals in strepsirrhine primates: implications for human olfactory communication

The study of human chemical communication benefits from comparative perspectives that relate humans, conceptually and empirically, to other primates. All major primate groups rely on intraspecific chemosignals, but strepsirrhines present the greatest diversity and specialization, providing a rich framework for examining design, delivery and perception. Strepsirrhines actively scent mark, possess a functional vomeronasal organ, investigate scents via olfactory and gustatory means, and are exquisitely sensitive to chemically encoded messages. Variation in delivery, scent mixing and multimodality alters signal detection, longevity and intended audience. Based on an integrative, 19-species review, the main scent source used (excretory versus glandular) differentiates nocturnal from diurnal or cathemeral species, reflecting differing socioecological demands and evolutionary trajectories. Condition-dependent signals reflect immutable (species, sex, identity, genetic diversity, immunity and kinship) and transient (health, social status, reproductive state and breeding history) traits, consistent with socio-reproductive functions. Sex reversals in glandular elaboration, marking rates or chemical richness in female-dominant species implicate sexual selection of olfactory ornaments in both sexes. Whereas some compounds may be endogenously produced and modified (e.g. via hormones), microbial analyses of different odorants support the fermentation hypothesis of bacterial contribution. The intimate contexts of information transfer and varied functions provide important parallels applicable to olfactory communication in humans. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Olfactory communication in humans'.
Current Knowledge and Future Directions: Proportional Reasoning Interventions for Students with Learning Disabilities and Mathematics Difficulties

The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of proportional reasoning interventions for students with learning disabilities (LD) or mathematics difficulty (MD). We evalua...
Effectiveness of High Bias Voltage IREM on Elevated VminFailure: Case Study

Infra-Red Emission Microscopy (IREM) is a widely used technique for CMOS silicon Fault Isolation (FI) [1] [2]. Poor Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at low voltage is a key limitation for this technology to be widely used for FI on marginal failures or also known as $\mathrm{V}_{\min}$ (minimum operating voltage) limiting failures [3]. Given that, Laser Assisted Device Alteration (LADA) is widely used for $\mathrm{V}_{\min}$ failures. However, it's accuracy in identifying the defect location is always questionable as LADA uses the tester to determine the pass/fail criteria [4]. This paper presents two case studies demonstrating how IREM can be used for FI of elevated $\mathrm{V}_{\min}$ failures by not restricting the analysis to the failing voltage region.