cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Much is Enough? Giving Fiduciaries and Participants Adequate Information about Plan Expenses

Understanding the fees charged to a plan is a critical component of a fiduciary's responsibilities and important information for participants to have. In order to help participants save for retirement, fiduciaries of 401(k) plans need to make sure that the plan is not paying more than reasonable fees for the services provided. In order to accomplish this duty, fiduciaries must understand the fees paid by the plan. However, the complexity of the manner in which fees are paid by retirement plans makes it challenging for this information to be communicated to fiduciaries and participants in a meaningful way. This article addresses the types of information needed by fiduciaries of and participants in employer-sponsored 401(k) plans in order for plans to operate efficiently and effectively. The first part of this article discusses the unique structure of 401(k) plans and the roles of fiduciaries and participants in these types of plans. The second part discusses the responsibilities of fiduciaries and the information needed by fiduciaries to fulfill their duties. The third part analyzes the information needed by participants to obtain adequate retirement savings. The fourth part evaluates the guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Labor as of the date this article was written and suggests modifications to those disclosures.
How Law Librarians Can Help Create a Law Review Library for Cite Checking

This paper provides a model for creating a law journal library for cite checking. A law librarian has unique knowledge of how an individual law library operates, and the librarian should be consulted for the best method for creating a law journal library.
Oestrin and Progestin Content of the Corpus Luteum of the Sow

The oestrin and progestin content of the corpus luteum of the sow was determined at various stages of development. Ovaries were obtained fresh from the abattoir and separated into the following groups: 1, early corpora lutea up to about the sixth or seventh day from the time of rupture of the Graafian follicle; 2, fully formed corpora lutea representing the various stages of early and middle pregnancy; 3, degenerating corpora lutea, and 4, corpora albicans. This separation does not take into account the correlation of the development of the egg and embryo, since the large amounts of ovaries were primarily for the preparation of progestin. However this macroscopic separation demonstrated that there is variation in the level of progestin which has physiological significance. Due care was taken in the dissection of each batch of corpora lutea that follicular fluid was not a contaminant.Progestin and oestrin were prepared and separated according to the method of Allen.1 The progestin content was determined ac...
Numerical simulation of plasma and reacting flows

Non-equilibrium plasma and reacting flows exist within many devices and engineering processes of relevance to both space and terrestrial applications. Such flows are rich in physical and chemical phenomena, and bring together many diverse disciplines. The equations governing the evolution of such flows are complex, non-linear, and strongly coupled. Solution of the governing equations has always been a challenge, and often stretched the capabilities of existing computers. However, the availability of modern state-specific experimental information as well as the continuously increasing speed and memory capabilities of computers provide the impetus to simulate these flows to an unprecedented level of detail. This paper reports on extension of the Linearized Block Implicit (LBI) method in the solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with equations governing finite rate chemical processes and electromagnetics. Illustrative case studies are used to explore the salient features of specific internal and external flows, and comparisons with experimental measurements are provided. Graduate Research Associate. Associate Professor, Senior Member, AIAA.
A Practical Classification of Leukemic and Related Conditions

Sternberg (1903) published a comprehensive analysis of the primary diseases of the lymphatic and hemopoetic tissues. He devoted 157 pages to a consideration of the various characteristics of these and closed with a scheme for classifying them according to the presence or absence of three essential features: (1) The type of cells, whether lymphoid or myeloid, participating in the hyperplasia; (2) Escape of these cells (Ausschwimmung) into the circulating blood, and (3) Local invasive tumor growth (Geschwiilsten). Varying combinations of these features enabled him to differentiate between: Lymphatic leukemia, Myeloid leukemia, Pseudoleukemia, Lymphoid Myeloma, Myeloid Myeloma, Leuko-sarcoma (Chloroleuko-sarcoma), Chloro-myelosarcoma, and Lympho-sarcoma. Pathologists in general seem not to have sensed the significance and advantages of such a classification. At least the text books and monographs on pathology, with one notable exception, have failed to promulgate Sternberg's differentiation. MacCallum is the exception referred to. He stated: "It appears, then, that if we know accurately all the cellular types existent in the bone marrow and in the lymphoid tissue, which are the blood forming tissues concerned, and if we assume that each is capable of undergoing an independent hyperplasia, we should be able to construct a tabulation of all the possible diseases arising in this way. This has indeed been done, just
Development and Seasonal Occurrence of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Missouri

Developmental rates of egg and pupal stages of Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier) were determined for six temperatures ranging between 18–38 and 22–40°C, respectively. Development was minimal below 22°C, while maximal rates occurred at 34°C for eggs and 32°C for pupae. Regression equations relating temperature ( x ) to development rates ( y ) for egg and pupal stages were y = −0.1247 + 0.0116 ( x ) and y = −0.0725 + 0.0067 ( x ), respectively. Lower developmental threshold was 10.7°C for eggs and 10.8°C for pupae. Mean number of thermal units above 10.6°C necessary for egg-to-adult development was calculated to be 972 for insects reared under ambient conditions. Thermal unit accumulation above 10.6°C between 1 January and 31 December 1982 was 2,017 at Columbia, Mo.; thus, M. carolinensis could pass through two generations per year. This conclusion was supported by field observations.
Quantitative assessment of the contribution of autophagy to intracellular protein breakdown.

(long-lived) of the protein degradation in the homogenate. Our data support the notion that some proteolysis occurs extralysosomally, especially when using a labelling protocol that allows monitoring of degradation products from preferentially short-iived proteins. However, also in the case of short-lived proteins, the majority of protein degradation could be attributed to the lysosomal fraction when measured in this system in vitro. Conclusions In this study three means of evaluating the role of lysosomes for overall protein degradation were compared. Our results indicate that the lysosomal-autophagic route is also of great importance for protein degradation during basal states of degradation. The morphometric data from the perfused liver in the presence of four times the normal concentration of amino acids and in the presence of leupeptin demonstrated that the sequestration of cytoplasm into the lysosomes is operating during basal conditions of protein breakdown also. This was quantified to proceed at 1.34%/h and accounted for 75% of the overall proteolysis, as assessed by monitoring degradation products in the perfusate. Furthermore, when proteolysis was assessed in a system in vitro by incubation of various subcellular fractions, peak protein degradation occurred in the lysosomal fraction. This was true also for the labelling protocol designed to monitor preferentially degradation of short-lived proteins. Thus, with this approach also we arrived at the conclusion that most proteolysis occurs in lysosomes. The data presented here clearly show that inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes impede their supposed target of action, the lysosome. However, we were unable to obtain complete inhibition of proteolysis in isolated lysosomes with any lysosomal inhibitor. Therefore, when using such inhibitors to assess lysosomal proteolysis the relative contribution of lysosomes to protein degradation could be underestimated, unless it is ascertained (e.g. application of combinations of inhibitors) that they, in the experimental system used, completely block lysosomal protein breakdown.
Effect of dexamethasone on cerebral prostanoid formation and pial arteriolar reactivity to CO2 in newborn pigs

This study investigates the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on the relationship between arteriolar PCO2 and cortical prostanoid production and on cerebrovascular responsiveness to elevated CO2 in newborn piglets. The response of pial arteries to hypercapnia (fractional inspired CO2 = 0.035 and 0.07) was studied in 18 anesthetized newborn piglets, 9 of which were pretreated with dexamethasone (2 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 36-48 h). Pial arterioles (77-122 microns diam) were monitored using a closed cranial window and intravital microscopy. Perivascular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was sampled from the cortical surface and analyzed for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) using radioimmunoassay. In the dexamethasone-treated animals the increase in arteriolar diameter to CO2 was diminished by approximately 50% for each respective CO2 concentration vs. the control group. Acute sympathetic denervation did not restore the CO2 dilator response. Dexamethasone did not alter baseline cortical CSF prostanoid concentrations but abolished the CO2-induced increase in CSF prostanoids. The dilator response to exogenously applied prostaglandin E2 was inhibited in dexamethasone-treated animals. However, the dilator response to exogenous adenosine and the contractile response to prostaglandin F2 alpha were not altered in the dexamethasone-treated piglets. The data support the concept that metabolites of arachidonic acid participate in the cerebrovascular response to CO2 and suggest that glucocorticoid treatment may influence cerebrovascular tone via this mechanism.
Meta-analysis on the effect of text message reminders for HIV-related compliance

ABSTRACTFor the treatment of HIV, compliance in regard to appointment attendance and medication usage is critical. Various methods have been attempted to increased HIV care compliance, and a method that has inspired many published studies is text message reminders. We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature from inception through May 2016 using the following databases: Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Examples of terms used in the search included exploded versions of “HIV, “AIDS”, “cell phone”, “SMS”, “text message”, “reminder”. After abstract and manuscript review, articles were discussed with co-author and included based on consensus. We excluded qualitative analyses, observational studies without an intervention, and studies without a control or pre-intervention group. We used random-effects models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the text message intervention. Thirty-four unique studies were found and included in the meta-analysis. For...
Behavioral Analysis of Male-Induced Interstrain Differences in Realized Fecundity in Callosobruchus maculatus

The role of sexual selection in the evolution of insect mating systems has recently come under close scrutiny. Intrasexual selection, due to competition for mates among members of a single sex, has been demonstrated in a variety of insects (cf. Blum and Blum 1979). Several morphological, physiological and behavioral traits have been shown to have arisen by this process. Wilson (1975) cites the weaponry of hercules beetles used in combat between males courting a single female. Several strategies have evolved to enhance the likelihood that a male’s sperm will fertilize his mate’s eggs: a passive phase of courtship (Parker 1970), secretions of the male that lower receptivity of recently-mated females (Craig 1967) and sperm precedence/displacement systems (Walker 1980), among others.
Chemical signatures of ancient activities at Chan b'i - A submerged Maya salt works, Belize

Abstract Chemical analysis was undertaken at Chan b'i, an Early Classic (300–600 CE) ancient Maya submerged salt works to find activity areas not apparent from artifactual materials recovered from excavations. Chan b'i is one of 105 salt works located underwater in Paynes Creek National Park, Belize where wooden buildings are preserved due to mangrove peat matrix. The acidic peat (pH 6) preserved wood and other botanical remains, but is not conducive to the preservation of bone. Consequently, the artifactual record may be biased against the preservation of animal food remains and human burials, which are typically found at Maya settlements. In this study, we use inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to evaluate if there is evidence of other activities in addition to the salt production. The present study extends soil chemistry research to underwater archaeological sites. The results of chemical patterns indicate activity locations inside and outside of wooden architecture not shown by the artifactual remains.
Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Case report and role of genetic counseling in post mortem testing.

ABSTRACTHere we present a case of an asymptomatic 53-year-old woman who sought genetic testing for Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (fCJD) after learning that her mother had fCJD. The patient's mother had a sudden onset of memory problems and rapidly deteriorating mental faculties in her late 70s, which led to difficulties ambulating, progressive non-fluent aphasia, dysphagia and death within ∼1 y of symptom onset. The cause of death was reported as “rapid onset dementia.” The patient's family, unhappy with the vague diagnosis, researched prion disorders online and aggressively pursued causation and submitted frozen brain tissue from the mother to the National Prion Disease Surveillance Center, where testing revealed a previously described 5-octapeptide repeat insertion (5-OPRI) in the prion protein gene (PRNP) that is known to cause fCJD. The family had additional questions about the implications of this result and thus independently sought out genetic counseling. While rare, fCJD is likely underdiagn...
Review—Progress toward Applications of Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence

In the fifteen years following the discovery of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) photoluminescence, investigators have made significant progress in their understanding of the phenomenon and towards the development of applications. The intrinsic potential of semiconducting carbon nanotubes - a family of bright, photostable near infrared (NIR) fluorophores (900-2100 nm) with tunable properties, has motivated their use as optical probes and sensors. In this perspective, we highlight the advances made in the synthesis, processing, modification, separation, and metrology of carbon nanotubes in the context of applications of their photoluminescence.
Cam Deformities and Limited Hip Range of Motion Are Associated With Early Osteoarthritic Changes in Adolescent Athletes: A Prospective Matched Cohort Study.

Background:The natural history of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) remains incompletely understood. In particular, there is limited documentation of joint damage in adolescent patients with limited range of motion (LROM) of the hip, which is commonly associated with FAI.Purpose:To evaluate changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiographs, and clinical examinations over 5 years in a group of athletes from a wide variety of sports with asymptomatic LROM of the hip compared with matched controls.Study Design:Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.Methods:The authors screened 226 male and female athletes aged 12 to 18 years presenting for preparticipation sports physical examinations. Using a goniometer, we identified 13 participants with at least one hip having internal rotation 10°. At the time of enrollment, all parti...
Attaining the 2nd Chargaff Rule by Tandem Duplications

Erwin Chargaff in 1950 made an experimental observation that the count of A is equal to the count of $\mathrm{T}$ and the count of $\mathrm{C}$ is equal to the count of $\mathrm{G}$ in DNA. This observation played a crucial role in the discovery of the double stranded helix structure by Watson and Crick. However, this symmetry was also observed in single stranded DNA. This phenomenon was termed as the 2nd Chargaff Rule. This symmetry has been verified experimentally in genomes of several different species not only for mononucleotides but also for reverse complement pairs of larger lengths upto a small error. While the symmetry in double stranded DNA is related to base pairing and replication mechanisms, the symmetry in a single stranded DNA is still a mystery in its function and source. In this work, we define a sequence generation model based on reverse complement tandem duplications. We show that this model generates sequences that satisfy the 2nd Chargaff Rule even when the duplication lengths are very small when compared to the length of sequences. We also provide estimates on the number of generations that are needed by this model to generate sequences that satisfy the 2nd Chargaff Rule. We provide theoretical bounds on the disruption in symmetry for different values of duplication lengths under this model. Moreover, we experimentally compare the disruption in the symmetry incurred by our model with what is observed in human genome data.
Population Structure, Movement Patterns, and Frequency of Multiple Matings in Tenodera sinensis (Mantodea: Mantidae)

Models of the evolution of sexual cannibalism show that the frequency of male mating opportunities has significant impact on male choice and male risk aversion. In this study, we examined ecological components that should affect opportunities for multiple mating in wild populations of the Chinese mantid (Tenodera sinensis Saussure). While conducting mark-recapture studies of two field populations over the course of two seasons, along with Global Positioning System data on locations of individuals, we collected data on population densities, movement patterns, and individual ranges to estimate the overlap of adult males and female mantids. Our results show that local populations of mantids range from 89 to 161 individuals and occur at densities ranging from 10 to 39 mantids per 1,000 m2. Males move greater distances daily compared with females, giving males larger home range sizes. The ranges of male mantids overlapped with multiple females, thus offering the potential for multiple mating by males. We directly observed 11 encounters between male and female T. sinensis, including one multiple mating by an individual male. The overall mate encounter rate for males was 12.5%. We also provide additional observations of interspecific sexual attraction between T. sinensis and Mantis religiosa Linne (Mantodea: Mantidae). Mantids were most commonly found within the top 20% of two flowering plants, goldenrod (Solidago Linnaeus spp. (Asterales: Asteraceae)) and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris Linnaeus (Asterales: Asteraceae)), which should place them in prime locations for capturing flying pollinators.
Recurrence rate of Ischemic stroke: A single center experience (P4.308)

Objective: This study aims to present the rates of ischemic stroke recurrence and its possible determinants. Background: Stroke is a key public health problem worldwide, with the majority of patients suffering from ischemic strokes. Recurrent ischemic stroke, with its concordant high morbidity and mortality, is therefore a principal target of secondary prevention. Design/Methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective cohort study of all patients seen at our center diagnosed with ischemic stroke from 2010 to 2012. All included subjects had a follow-up at our center for at least three years. The annual incidence of stroke recurrence was determined during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of consultation. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to compare and determine the factors that are predictors of ischemic stroke recurrence. Results: The study comprised 1155 first-onset ischemic stroke patients. During the 3-year follow-up period, a total of 280 ischemic stroke recurrences were recorded. The incidence of stroke recurrence was highest during the first year after an initial ischemic stroke, i.e. 12.8%. There was a declining annual rate of stroke recurrence during the succeeding years, 6.3% (95% CI, 5.0–7.9) during the second year and 5.1% (95% CI, 4.0–6.5) during the third year after the index stroke. Multivariate logistic regression of the different risk factors for recurrence showed that only hyperlipidemia showed significant association with stroke recurrence (p Conclusions: Of the 1,155 first onset ischemic stroke patients, 12.8% had a second ischemic event within the next year, with an average of 8% annual risk for stroke recurrence up to three years. Hyperlipidemia was a strong predictor of stroke recurrence. Urgent initiation and consistent monitoring of secondary preventive measures are extremely important to prevent stroke recurrence and improve the long-term outcome after an ischemic stroke. Disclosure: Dr. Buenaflor has nothing to disclose.
Clinical study on interstitial lung disease in children of China

Objective Interstitial lung disease in children represents a heterogeneous group of disorders of both known and unknown causes. This study aimed to understand better the causes of the disease in children and to provide information on the current approach to diagnosis and management of the disease. Method Through the Pediatric Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease/Pediatric Interstitial Lung Disease Cooperative Group of China, data of 93 cases of interstitial lung disease of children from 11 hospitals were collected with the same questionnaire in 2009. Respiratory tract secretions were obtained for bacterial culture. Respiratory virus antigen examination, mycoplasma antibody, EB virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex viruses antibody detection were performed. Cells in the sputum, gastric juice and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were tested for hemosiderin. The CT or high resolution CT (HRCT) of the lung and blood-gas analysis were also performed. Fourteen cases underwent lung biopsy and 25 cases underwent bronchomicrocopy. Data were then pooled and discussed through a series of meetings. Result Fifty-three cases were male, 40 were female and their age ranged from 8 months to 14 years. Thirty-nine cases were diagnosed as bronchiolitis obliterans (BO); 39 as idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH); 7 as idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) of unknown causes, of whom 4 cases had non specific interstitial pneumonia, 1 case as acute interstitial pneumonia and 1 case as lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, 1 case as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; 2 cases as secondary interstitial lung disease, one was secondary to SLE, one to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 2 cases had hypersensitive pneumonitis; 2 cases had pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; 1 case had bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia; 1 case had lipoid pneumonia;1 case of diffuse panbronchiolitis; 1 case of microlithiasis alveolaris pulmonum. Forty two cases had cough, 24 of them also had tachypnea, 8 cases had clubbing. HRCT showed that 56 cases had groundglass-like opacification; 30 cases had mosaic appearance; 1 case had diffuse micronodular opacities, 1 case had diffuse reticulonodular opacities and cysts. Conclusion Interstitial lung disease in children is a heterogeneous group of disorders. In this study diagnoses of 11 diseases were made, the top third diagnoses were BO, IPH and IIP, respectively.
Smoking is associated with quantifiable differences in the human lung DNA virome and metabolome

The role of commensal viruses in humans is poorly understood, and the impact of the virome on lung health and smoking-related disease is particularly understudied. Genetic material from acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was sequenced to identify and quantify viral members of the lower respiratory tract which were compared against concurrent bronchoalveolar lavage bacterial, metabolite, cytokine and cellular profiles, and clinical data. Twenty smoker and 10 nonsmoker participants with no significant comorbidities were studied. Viruses that infect bacteria (phages) represented the vast majority of viruses in the lung. Though bacterial communities were statistically indistinguishable across smokers and nonsmokers as observed in previous studies, lung viromes and metabolic profiles were significantly different between groups. Statistical analyses revealed that changes in viral communities correlate most with changes in levels of arachidonic acid and IL-8, both potentially relevant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis based on prior studies. Our assessment of human lung DNA viral communities reveals that commensal viruses are present in the lower respiratory tract and differ between smokers and nonsmokers. The associations between viral populations and local immune and metabolic tone suggest a significant role for virome-host interaction in smoking related lung disease.
Initial Trustworthiness Perceptions of a Drone System based on Performance and Process Information

Prior work notes dispositional, learned, and situational aspects of trust in automation. However, no work has investigated the relative role of these factors in initial trust of an automated system. Moreover, trust in automation researchers often consider trust unidimensionally, whereas ability, integrity, and benevolence perceptions (i.e., trusting beliefs) may provide a more thorough understanding of trust dynamics. To investigate this, we recruited 163 participants on Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and randomly assigned each to one of 4 videos describing a hypothetical drone system: one control, the others with additional system performance or process, or both types of information. Participants reported on trusting beliefs in the system, propensity to trust other people, risk-taking tendencies, and trust in the government law enforcement agency behind the system. We found that financial risk-taking tendencies influenced trusting beliefs. Also, those who received process information were likely to have higher integrity and ability beliefs than those not receiving process information, while those who received performance information were likely to have higher ability beliefs. Lastly, perceptions of structural assurance positively influenced all three trusting beliefs. Our findings suggest that a) users' risk-taking tendencies influence trustworthiness perceptions of systems, b) different types of information about a system have varied effects on the trustworthiness dimensions, and c) institutions play an important role in users' calibration of trust. Insights gained from this study can help design training materials and interfaces that improve user trust calibration in automated systems.
Ammonia excretion in the seawater blue crab Callinectes sapidus occurs by diffusion, and not Na+/NH+4 exchange

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate whether ammonia is excreted across the seawater-acclimated blue crab's gills as ionized NH 4 + or as the free base, NH3. The net excretion rate of ammonia was not changed by transfer of the crabs to reduced (150 mM) Na+ solutions, by transfer to Na+- and K+-free artificial sea water, or by the sodium transport inhibitor amiloride. Ammonia excretion, therefore, does not appear to be linked to Na+ uptake in these animals, and appears to take place by passive diffusion. Since ammonia could diffuse either as NH 4 + or NH3, we examined two other kinds of evidence. The trans-epithelial potential was measured in sea water and the various artificial media. In spite of a 10 mV more negative potential in Na+-, K+-free medium, the ammonia excretion was not reduced. Also, in alkalinized seawater in which the partial pressure gradient of NH3 was reduced, but the concentration gradient of NH 4 + increased, ammonia excretion was reduced by about 70%. These results are consistent with the conclusion that ammonia excretion takes place by diffusion of the free base, NH3.
Guiding tissue regeneration with ultrasound in vitro and in vivo

ABSTRACT Developing new technologies that enable the repair or replacement of injured or diseased tissues is a major focus of regenerative medicine. This paper will discuss three ultrasound technologies under development in our laboratories to guide tissue regenera tion both in vitro and in vivo. A critical obstacle in tissue engineering is the need for rapid and effective tissue vascularization strategies. To address this challenge, we are developing acoustic patterning techniques for microvascular tissue engineerin g. Acoustic radiation forces associated with ultrasound standing wave fields provide a rapid, non -invasive approach to spatially pattern cells in three dimensions without affecting cell viability. Acoustic patterning of endothelial cells leads to the rapid formation of microvascular networks throughout the volumes of three -dimensional hydrogels, and the morphology of the resultant microvessel networks can be controlled by design of the ultrasound field. A second technology under development uses ultrasound to noninvasively control the microstructure of collagen fibers within engineered tissues. The microstructure of extracellular matrix proteins provides signals that direct cell functions critical to tissue regeneration. Thus, controlling collagen microfiber structure with ultrasound provides a noninvasive approach to regulate the mechanical properties of biomaterials and control cellular responses. The third technology employs therapeutic ultrasound to enhance the healing of chronic wounds. Recent studies de monstrate increased granulation tissue thickness and collagen deposition in murine dermal wounds exposed to pulsed ultrasound . In summary, ultrasound technologies offer noninvasive approaches to control cell behaviors and extracellular matrix organization and thus hold great promise to advance tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo . Keywords: Ultrasound , tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, collagen, extracellular matrix, wound healing 1.
Measuring Activity Limitations Within the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).

Background and objectives To better understand the disablement process among older adults, improved measures of activity limitations are needed. Traditional population-level measures lack the ability to distinguish precise gradations of activity limitation and are unable to detect degrees of differences over a wide range of ability levels. Therefore, we used contemporary measurement methods to improve upon current methodologies for characterizing activity limitations within the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) . Research design and methods We used the NHATS Round 1 cohort to assess the feasibility of constructing an Activity Limitations scale using Rasch item response theory methods. Factor analysis was used to develop the scale from a set of existing items in the NHATS Mobility, Self-Care, and Household Activity domains. Psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated and the scale was used to examine change in activity limitations among the sample from 2011 to 2015. Results Results supported an 18-item scale (N = 7,609). Rasch infit and outfit statistics were within acceptable range for all items (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95; sample score reliability = 0.83). From 2011 to 2015, 5.88% older adults demonstrated increase in function, 15% showed decrease in function, and 78% of the sample showed no change (did not exceed ± MDC90). Discussion and implications Findings demonstrate that a unidimensional, interval scale of activity limitations can be constructed using traditional survey measures nested within the NHATS. Results revealed concerns regarding ceiling effects within the current self-report items of activity limitations suggesting future work is needed to expand the range of ability currently represented in the NHATS Activity Limitation items.
Ubiquitination is not omnipresent in myeloid leukemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal biphasic hematopoietic disorder most frequently caused by the expression of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. The expression of BCR-ABL fusion protein with constitutive and elevated tyrosine kinase activity is sufficient to induce transformation of
A critical role of EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis

6133 EphA2 receptor belongs to a unique family of tyrosine kinases (RTK) that mediate cell-cell adhesion/repulsion, cell-matrix adhesion, and cell migration. EphA2 is overexpressed in both breast tumor cells and blood vessel endothelial cells in the host environment in more than 70% of clinical breast cancer specimens. In addition, a high level of EphA2 expression consistently correlates with a high degree of tumor malignancy. To determine the role of EphA2 receptor in tumor neovascular growth, we initially blocked A-class Eph receptor tyrosine kinase activation by soluble EphA2-Fc or EphA3-Fc receptors. These soluble receptors inhibited 4T1 mammary tumor progression in vivo, providing the first functional evidence of EphA receptor involvement in breast tumor angiogenesis. To determine the specific role of EphA2 receptor in tumor angiogenesis, we characterized EphA2-deficient mice. EphA2-null endothelial cells (ECs) fail to undergo vascular assembly and migration in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo, and are defective in PI3K-dependent Rac1 GTPase activation in response to ligand stimulation. Loss of EphA2 receptor in the host significantly inhibited tumor volume, neovascularization and metastasis of orthotopically grafted 4T1 mammary tumors. In addition, EphA2-deficient ECs fail to migrate, coalesce, and incorporate into tumor blood vessels when co-transplanted with 4T1 tumor cells, indicating an EC-specific defect in tumor neovascularization. Taken together, these data suggest that host EphA2 receptor function is required in the tumor microenvironment for tumor angiogenesis and metastatic progression. Our findings are novel and significant in several respects. First, our data presented here, together with studies from other laboratories, indicate that EphA2 plays a key role in breast tumor progression through both tumor and host-dependent mechanisms. Because this single factor influences tumor progression in both tumor cells and tumor blood vessels, EphA2 receptor is an attractive target for the development of new treatments for breast cancer. Second, EphA2 receptor appears not to be required for embryonic development, but is critical in adult angiogenesis and cancer and thus targeted inhibition of EphA2 receptor should have limited side effects to normal tissue. Finally, the new mouse model of EphA2 deficient mice provides a novel tool to dissect the function of EphA2 in tumor cells and tumor endothelium in vivo in clinically relevant breast cancer models.
Long-Range Through-the-Wall Magnetoquasistatic Coupling and Application to Indoor Position Sensing

The magnetoquasistatic (MQS) field coupling theory is presented for long ranges between a transmitting device located outdoor to a receiving device located indoor. The theory is validated based on measurements in a large indoor house environment ( $>$ 8000 ft $^2$ ) with the transmitting device located far outside the house ( $>$ 11 m from outer wall). We discuss the system and demonstrate position sensing for a compact mobile MQS receiver device in the house.
The Successful Treatment of Multiple Cutaneous Malignancies with HPV Vaccination: Case Report

An elderly, immunocompetent patient presented multiple invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the keratoacanthoma subtype superimposed on a psoriatic plaque. After failing initial treatment with oral acitretin, alternative therapies were considered. Due to the patient’s advanced age, location of the tumors and extensive tumor burden, invasive therapy was deemed impractical. After careful consideration, the more novel approach of injecting the 9-valent HPV vaccine was performed. Ten months after the first dose, the patient’s skin displayed neither clinical or histologic evidence of any residual cancer. We believe that this is the second reported case of the 9-valent HPV vaccine successfully treating non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies.
Wear and Friction in Steel, Aluminum, and Magnesium Alloys Part I: Pearlitic and Spheroidized Steels

ABSTRACT Wear and friction behavior of pearlitic and spheroidized steel structures was studied in a pin-cylinder machine. Both mild and severe wear regimes were evaluated. Interlamellar spacing below a critical value was observed to exert a strong influence on wear rate and mild to severe wear transition load. In spheroidized structures, carbide volume did not affect transition load. In the mild wear region in steel, the wear coefficients (K values) for both pearlitic and spheroidized steel structures were practically equivalent, indicating that the basic mechanism of wear might be predominantly controlled by a material/environment interaction.
Psychoanalytische Supervision der Behandlung von suizidalen Patienten

Psychoanalytische Psychotherapie ist eine effektive Behandlung fur suizidale Patienten. Sie kann jedoch fur junge Therapeuten einschuchternd und fur erfahrene Kliniker herausfordernd sein. Psychoanalytische Psychotherapeuten sind mit komplexen Ubertragung-Gegenubertragung-Problemen und mit der Bedrohung durch potenziell todliche Gewalt konfrontiert. Sachkundige und unterstutzende Supervision kann angstlichen Therapeuten helfen, sicherer im therapeutischen Handeln zu werden. Erfahrene Therapeuten konnen auch von der Supervision profitieren, indem sie die feindselige und hoffnungslose Kommunikation des Patienten verstehen und durcharbeiten. Die Supervisionserfahrung erfordert die Einrichtung und Aufrechterhaltung einer sicheren Lernumgebung, die dem Supervisanden einen Raum des Nachdenkens bietet. Auf diese Weise kann die Erfahrung der Arbeit mit dem suizidalen Patienten aufgenommen und in das therapeutische Handeln integriert werden. Supervision ermoglicht auch eine Uberprufung von psychotherapeutischen Interaktionen und Interventionen, um dem Agieren einer Gegenubertragung von Hoffnungslosigkeit durch destruktive Kommunikation entgegenzuwirken. Der Prozess der Supervision ist komplex und wird von mehreren Faktoren beeinflusst, darunter der Psychopathologie und der Psychodynamik der Suizidalitat des Patienten, der Ausbildung und dem Stil des Supervisors sowie der Ubereinstimmung der Akteure der Supervision. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Supervision der psychodynamischen Psychotherapie von suizidalen Patienten, die interkulturellen Merkmale des Lernens und die Erfahrung der gegenseitigen Supervision (Intervision) am Beispiel der gemeinsamen Supervision mit Kollegen des Therapie-Zentrum fur Suizidgefahrdete (TZS) an der Universitatsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf.
Evaluation of Sequential Dynamic Chevron Warning Systems on Rural Two-Lane Curves:

Roadway departure crashes are a significant safety concern. The majority of these crashes occur on rural two-lane roadways, with a disproportionate number occurring on horizontal curves. The averag...
My Year of Citation Studies, Part 3

Curious about citation patterns of law journals, I undertook a series of modest studies to discuss in the "Practicing Reference" column of Law Library Journal. This installment looks at a sample of the first five articles in each of 23 flagship law reviews published in 1992. I found that, in the aggregate, articles are cited most in their early years, but some are still cited even 35 years after publication. Indeed, a few are cited for the first time decades after publication. Individually, articles vary widely. In this sample, one was cited 724 times, but the median article had only 7 citations, and 9 articles were cited only once or twice.
Conflicting nest survival thresholds across a wetland network alter management benchmarks for an endangered bird

Abstract Small changes in the environment can have large impacts, leading to ‘tipping points’ or ‘threshold’ effects on populations. Identifying such effects can provide practitioners benchmarks to both minimize negative impacts and foster positive benefits for populations. Nonetheless, identifying thresholds can be challenging as they can vary spatially, temporally, and in their form (i.e., the shape of the threshold). Such variation, if gone undetected, may stymie the identification of reliable conservation benchmarks. We developed Bayesian change-point models that estimate thresholds of environmental effects that can vary in the number, magnitude and form in space and/or time. We applied these models to estimate thresholds in the effects of hydrology on nest survival of an endangered, wetland-dependent bird, the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus). Using data from 2790 nests at nine wetlands spanning the entire U.S. breeding range over a 21-year time period, we contrasted different threshold models for hydrology effects. Overall, both low water and high water, and high rates of change (declining or increasing water levels, recession and ascension, respectively), had negative, threshold effects on nest survival. Change-point models emphasized that the form, extent, and magnitude of thresholds vary across the breeding range. These benchmarks for water management illustrate that nest survival can be potentially increased over three-fold when thresholds are avoided. Furthermore, our results caution that applying incorrect threshold models to environmental problems can lead to inappropriate targets for conservation. Our modeling framework provides a generalizable way to address this issue and reliably estimate the effect of complex change points and their uncertainty on populations.
Recrudescence of Natural Coccidioidomycosis During Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in a Pigtail Macaque Experimentally Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Coccidioidomycosis is a common fungal infection in people living with HIV-1, particularly in southwest regions of the United States where the Coccidioides sp. is endemic, but rates of infection hav...
CHD4-NURD controls mouse neonate spermatogonia survival

Abstract Testis development and sustained germ cell production in adults rely on the establishment of spermatogonia stem cells and their proper differentiation into mature gametes. Control of these processes involves not only promoting the expression of genes required for cell survival and differentiation but also repressing other cell fates. This level of transcriptional control requires chromatin-remodeling complexes that restrict or promote transcription machinery. Here, we investigated the roles of the NUcleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NURD) complex during spermatogenesis. Our cellular and biochemical analyses revealed differential expression and composition of NURD subunits in germ cells at different stages of testis development. Germ cell-specific deletion of the NURD catalytic component Chd4, but not Chd3, resulted in arrested early gamete development due to failed cell survival of neonate undifferentiated spermatogonia stem cell population. Genome-wide chromatin localization suggested that CHD4 binds the promoters of genes involved in spermatogonia cell survival. Further genome-wide, cytological, and expression analysis revealed that CHD4 controls DMRT1 and its downstream target PLZF. DMRT1 and PLZF have been described as prominent regulators of spermatogonia stem cell maintenance. Together, our results uncover the requirements of CHD4 in mammalian gonad development and point to unique roles for the NURD complex with respect to other chromatin remodelers during gamete development.
The point is to change the world: selected writings of Andaiye

The Point is to Change the World. This posthumously published first-ever anthology of Andaiye’s writings is a necessary read in inspiring us to change the world.Andaiye (ne Sandra Williams) was a p...
Widening cancer care disparities in the adoption of telemedicine during COVID 19: who is left behind?

Objectives: To determine the racial disparities in oncology visits of racial minorities before and after COVID-19. Methods: Data were obtained from the electronic health records, a multi-specialty healthcare system serving a racially/ethnically diverse patient population in northern California. The study cohort included patients who had at least one oncology visit from January 2019 to August 2020. We examined the trends in the volume of oncology office visits and adoption of video visits during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic period. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to examine variability in use of video visits by specific patient characteristics (sex, age, race/ethnicity and language barrier). Results: Of 63,903 cancer patients (median age: 66; 68% female), Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians and others composed of 64.8%, 3.5%, 9.2%, 11.7% and 10.8% of our study cohort. Over the 20 month study period, the drop in in-person visits began in March and peaked in April 2020. Compared to the year 2019, the office visits decreased by -16.6%, -55.9%, and -50.9% in March, April, and May of 2020. Although there was a trend towards increased office visits in June (-21.9% compared to 2019), this again decreased to -35% in July 2020. The proportion of visits conducted by video began at 16.6% in the first week after California's shelter-in-place order in March, peaked at a high rate of 43.4% in April, and remained at a rate of 33.8% in August. We focused on variability by specific patient subgroups when telemedicine was offered and used prevalently during early pandemic in April. Based on age, the younger cohorts, 18-50 and 51-64 year olds, were more likely to utilize video visit at 50.6%, and 50.6% compared to only 38.0% and 36.7% of the older groups (65-75 and 76+ years old, p Conclusions: Overall office visits have decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older patients, Black patients, Hispanic patients, and patients who required interpreting services were less likely to be treated through video visits. Future studies are needed to better understand the barriers to telemedicine care.
Understanding Korean-American first-graders’ written translanguaging practices

Abstract Qualitative discourse analysis and case study methodologies were employed, along with heteroglossic and sociocultural theories, to analyze the written translanguaging practices of four Korean-American first-graders over 14 weeks at a Korean heritage language school in the U.S. Written translanguaging characterized 21–31% of the writing produced by the three students who preferred English, and 3% of the writing produced by the student who preferred Korean. All four students demonstrated written translanguaging for metalinguistic and sociolinguistic functions, demonstrating their agency, bilingual identities, and audience orientation. Two students employed metatalk to problem-solve their writing, indicating metacognitive insight. The three students who translanguaged often appeared to be more interested in communication than in the form of their writing. The fourth student's written translanguaging involved transliteration for English proper nouns and unknown Korean words. Because the students were not taught translanguaging, their use of it appeared to be a natural byproduct of their bilingual status.