cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How to securely outsource cryptographic computations

We address the problem of using untrusted (potentially malicious) cryptographic helpers. We provide a formal security definition for securely outsourcing computations from a computationally limited device to an untrusted helper. In our model, the adversarial environment writes the software for the helper, but then does not have direct communication with it once the device starts relying on it. In addition to security, we also provide a framework for quantifying the efficiency and checkability of an outsourcing implementation. We present two practical outsource-secure schemes. Specifically, we show how to securely outsource modular exponentiation, which presents the computational bottleneck in most public-key cryptography on computationally limited devices. Without outsourcing, a device would need O(n) modular multiplications to carry out modular exponentiation for n-bit exponents. The load reduces to O(log2n) for any exponentiation-based scheme where the honest device may use two untrusted exponentiation programs; we highlight the Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem [13] and Schnorr signatures [28] as examples. With a relaxed notion of security, we achieve the same load reduction for a new CCA2-secure encryption scheme using only one untrusted Cramer-Shoup encryption program.
Measuring the capacity of a web server

The widespread use of the World Wide Web and related applications places interesting performance demands on network servers. The ability to measure the effect of these demands is important for tuning and optimizing the various software components that make up a Web server. To measure these effects, it is necessary to generate realistic HTTP client requests. Unfortunately, accurate generation of such traffic in a testbed of limited scope is not trivial. In particular, the commonly used approach is unable to generate client request-rates that exceed the capacity of the server being tested even for short periods of time. This paper examines pitfalls that one encounters when measuring Web server capacity using a synthetic workload. We propose and evaluate a new method for Web traffic generation that can generate bursty traffic, with peak loads that exceed the capacity of the server. Finally, we use the proposed method to measure the performance of a Web server.
Non-visualisation of cavum septi pellucidi: implication in prenatal diagnosis?

Objective This manuscript reviews congenital anomalies and imaging findings associated with non-visualisation of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) found on prenatal sonogram.
Calcite cementation in the upper Floridan aquifer: A modern example for confined-aquifer cementation models?

Detailed petrographic study of the Oligocene Suwannee limestone (a principal unit of the upper Floridan aquifer system) indicates that all the calcite cements in the Suwannee limestone are precompaction in origin. Most are clearly associated with either early mineralogical stabilization or Oligocene subaerial exposure features. None of the cements are in isotopic (δ 18 O and δ 13 C) or trace element (Fe, Mn, and Sr) equilibrium with the extant aquifer waters. The cements therefore formed prior to the onset of regionally confined, freshwater aquifer conditions. These rocks have been basically inert with respect to calcite cementation during the past 5 to 10 m.y. while they have been part of the regional confined aquifer. Using this modern aquifer as an example, it is likely that confined paleoaquifer cementation has been overestimated as an explanation for regional cementation patterns in ancient limestones.
Glucose metabolism in burn injury: a review

Two of the best known metabolic consequences of severe burn trauma arc an increase in the overall rate of oxygen consumption and changes in glucose metabolism. An understanding of the physiologic implications of alterations in glucose metabolism is useful clinically since glucose concentrations can be readily obtained. Interrelations among glucose, protein, urea, and fatty acids result in the emergence of glucose as a central controlling factor in the burn patient's metabolic state. Insulin is the single most important hormone in controlling glucose metabolism. The term, diabetes of injury, a condition recognized clinically, implies a relative absence or lack of insulin. Although there may be a lack of insulin relative to glucose concentration in some patients (particularly in the burn shock phase of response), an appropriate amount of insulin is secreted in the burn patient. Because responsiveness to available insulin, however, seems diminished, the term insulin resistance has come into use to describe the metabolic state of the burn patient. This article discusses the mechanisms normally controlling plasma glucose concentration and how these factors are changed by burn injury and sepsis.
“The Types of Wisdom Are Two in Number”: Judah ibn Tibbon’s Quotation from the Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm al-Dīn

Abstract The present study bears out an early twentieth-century suggestion that the twelfth-century Andalusi physician, translator, merchant and lexicographer Judah ibn Tibbon quoted directly from the Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm al-dīn, the theological magnum opus of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, in the ethical will he wrote to his son Samuel. In addition to demonstrating, through a consideration of lexicographical evidence, that a sentence from that summa was indeed quoted, in Hebrew translation, in the text of the ethical will, the present article will set that quotation into its context as a part of the Tibbonid drive toward literal, word-for-word translation from Arabic into Hebrew. It will further consider the significance of the authorial decision by Judah ibn Tibbon, who fled Granada for Provence following the advent of Almohad rule in Iberia to include, alongside Andalusi sources, direct quotation from al-Ghazālī, a text that formed part of the intellectual underpinning of the Almohad movement.
Importance of Adequate Gas-mixing in Contrast Echocardiography

Microbubble formation has been accepted as the mechanism producing contrast echoes. Comparisons of the contrast effects of various agents have been studied extensively, but the importance of gas-mixing has been less appreciated. To test the hypothesis that good gas-mixing, by facilitating microbubble formation, would enhance contrast effect, this study compared the contrast echocardiograms of ten adult patients before and after mixing carbon dioxide with various contrast agents. Contrast agents tested included a 5 percent glucose in water, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and Cardiogreen solutions. First, we recorded echocardiograms by injecting each diluted contrast solution alone, then repeated the examinations using 10 ml of each diluted solution with 1 ml of carbon dioxide (CO2), mixed by means of a four-way stopcock. Satisfactory or excellent results were obtained in seven of ten, ten of ten, ten of ten, and ten of ten tests, respectively, after thorough gas-mixing, vs one of ten, seven of ten, eight of ten, and six of ten, respectively, before gas-mixing. We conclude that the addition of sufficient amounts of gas, followed by thorough mixing, is of great importance in contrast echocardiography. Consistently good results can be achieved with vitamin C, vitamin B or Cardiogreen solutions by this simple and safe method.
The interactions of cyclopentane with clean and bismuth-covered Pt(111)

Abstract The adsorption and reactions of cyclopentane on clean and on Bi-covered Pt(111) surfaces have been studied with thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Partial dehydrogenation of adsorbed cyclopentane to c -C 5 H 8 (a) competes with molecular desorption at 218 K during TDS. At full monolayer coverage, molecular desorption is preferred over dehydrogenation by a factor of ∼ 6. Quantitative XPS indicates that a monolayer of c - C 5 H 10 corresponds to a coverage of ∼ 0.22 molecules per Pt surface atom. The intermediate, c -C 5 H 8 (a), was verified by bismuth-postdosing TDS. It deydrogenates further by 420 K to produce c -C 5 H 5 (a), and ultimately to graphitic carbon by 820 K. Coadsorbed bismuth adatoms suppress dehydrogenation of adsorbed cyclopentane, and increase molecular desorption. At low Bi coverages, Bi exerts little electronic influence as evidenced by the invariance of the TDS peak temperatures for desorption and for dehydrogenation of cyclopentane. Thus, the mechanism for the poisoning of cyclopentane dehydrogenation by Bi is dominated by an ensemble effect, whereby the Pt sites necessary for hydrogen abstraction are sterically blocked by bismuth. Kinetic modelling of the results suggests that an ensemble of at least five free Pt atoms are required for the dehydrogenation of cyclopentane, in addition to the ∼ 4.5 Pt atoms required for chemisorption. The influence of various forms of surface carbon upon the kinetics suggests that dehydrogenation is not dominated by defect sites.
In-flight Evaluations of Tungsten Calibration Lamps Using Shortwave Thermistor Bolometers and Active-cavity Radiometers

The stabilities of type 715, T-1, tungsten calibration lamps were evaluated aboard three spacecraft platforms during the period 1984 to 1989. In the 0,2 μm to <5,0 μm broadband spectral region, the emitted radiant power from each lamp was measured using shortwave thermistor bolometers and active-cavity radiometers. The radiant power was found to be constant to ±1%. The responses of filter and silicon photodiode monitoring systems used to evaluate the lamps were found to degrade as much as 6% during the first two years in orbit.
Convention oratory as institutional discourse: A Narrative synthesis of the democrats and republicans of 1988

This essay explores the theoretical distinctiveness of institutional discourse through a narrative method tailored to that task. As exemplars of institutional rhetoric, the author evaluates the oratory from the 1988 national nominating conventions. The findings indicate the Democrats told an uneven tale of competence and hope while the Republicans sought continuity and expansion. These results suggest the GOP convention achieved the institution's transitional objectives whereas the Atlanta assembly failed to establish a foundation for the fall campaign.
Natural convection cooling of a ceramic substrate mounted leadless chip carrier in dielectric liquids

Abstract An experimental investigation of natural convection heat transfer from a commercially available semiconductor device package is presented. The package was centrally mounted on a ceramic substrate. The package substrate assembly formed one surface of a dielectric liquid filled cubical enclosure of side 4.6 cm. The surface facing the package substrate combination was maintained at a uniform temperature and acted as the heat sink while the remaining enclosure walls were insulated. Temperature measurements were made at the chip center, the package lid and several locations on the substrate. Baseline measurements are reported first for air cooling. Results are then presented for three dielectric liquids and three temperatures of the cold wall, both with the substrate oriented horizontally, as well as vertically. With the cold wall maintained at 15°C it was found that the maximum input power without exceeding a chip temperature of 80°C was about 1.9 W with FC-75 as the coolant.
The effect of stimulus interval on the auditory evoked response during sleep in normal children.

Abstract 1. 1. The averaged auditory evoked response (AER) to paired clicks separated by a 500 msec interval within pairs was measured at the vertex with an occipital reference in normal children during Stage 2 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The long interval between the paired clicks was varied from 2.0 to 6.5 sec. The effects of the interval between pairs on the peak-to-peak amplitude and the latency of wave N 2 of the response to the first click (R 1 ) and the second click (R 2 ) of the pair and on the recovery ratio ( R 2 R 1 ) were studied during the two stages of sleep. 2. 2. The amplitudes of both R 1 and R 2 during REM sleep were not significantly different from the amplitudes obtained during Stage 2 sleep. The latencies of both R 1 (230 msec) and R 2 (218 msec) during REM sleep were significantly shorter than the latencies obtained during Stage 2 sleep (270 and 251 msec, respectively). 3. 3. The amplitude of R 2 relative to R 1 was significantly smaller during both stages of sleep. The latency of R 2 relative to R 1 was slightly but significantly shorter during both stages of sleep only when the long interval between pairs of clicks was 2.0 sec. 4. 4. Lengthening the long interval between pairs of clicks significantly increased the amplitudes of both R 1 and R 2 during Stage 2 sleep but had no effect on either amplitude during REM sleep. Lengthening the interval between pairs had no effect on the latencies of either R 1 or R 2 during Stage 2 sleep but significantly increased the latencies of both responses during REM sleep. 5. 5. Lengthening the interval between pairs significantly decreased the amplitude of R 2 relative to R 1 during Stage 2 sleep but had no effect on the recovery ratio for amplitude during REM sleep. Lengthening the interval between pairs had no effect on the latency of R 2 relative to R 1 in either sleep stage. 6. 6. Lengthening the interval between pairs significantly reduced the amplitudes of both R 1 and R 2 during REM sleep relative to amplitudes obtained during Stage 2 sleep. Lengthening the interval between pairs had no effect on the latencies of either R 1 or R 2 during REM sleep relative to the latencies obtained during Stage 2 sleep.
SURVIVAL BENEFIT OF THE PRIMARY PREVENTION IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR AMONG OLDER PATIENTS: DOES AGE MATTER? A PATIENT-LEVEL META-ANALYSIS OF 5 CLINICAL TRIALS

Whether primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are efficacious among older patients is uncertain. We merged patient-level data from 5 primary prevention trials randomizing patients to an ICD or usual care: the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial I, the
Computer-aided characterization for effective mechanical properties of porous tissue scaffolds

Abstract Performance of various functions of the tissue structure depends on porous scaffold microstructures with specific porosity characteristics that influence the behavior of the incorporated or ingrown cells. Understanding the mechanical properties of porous tissue scaffold is important for its biological and biomechanical tissue engineering application. This paper presents a computer aided characterization approach to evaluate the effective mechanical properties of porous tissue scaffold. An outline of a computer-aided tissue engineering approach for design and fabrication of porous tissue scaffold, procedure of computer-aided characterization and its interface with design model, development of a computational algorithm for finite element implementation and numerical solution of asymptotic homogenization theory is presented. Application of the algorithm to characterize the effective mechanical properties of porous poly-e-caprolactone scaffold manufactured by precision extruding freeform deposition will also be presented, along with a parametric study of the process and design parameter to the structural properties of tissue scaffold.
Multiple Element Vapor Cooled Current Leads for the Fermilab Energy Saver Correcticn Elements

The development of the Energy Saver at Fermilab requires the installation of nearly 500 correction coil packages, each containing three elements operated at a nominal 50A each. This necessitates twelve penetrations from ambient conditions to liquid helium at each quadrupole package. The design and test results of complete package containing all twelve vapor cooled conductors will be discussed in full.
EPI imaging of global increase of brain MR signal with breath-hold preceded by breathing O2.

Brain MR signal has been observed to decrease during cessation of breathing due to the increase of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood. However, for both animal and human studies, we have demonstrated that if the subjects breathed 100% oxygen in advance of apnea for a short time, T 2 *-weighted MR brain signal increased when breathing was stopped for a period of 30-60 s. This demonstrates the possibility of measuring responses to hemodynamic change throughout the entire brain with a single respiratory perturbation in a rapid, reliable, and robust manner
Eigenvalues of the Laplacian on inhomogeneous membranes

This paper compares the eigenvalues arising from the vibration of an inhomogeneous circular membrane with the eigenvalues of a homogeneous circular membrane having the same total mass. Assume that on each concentric subdisk the inhomogeneous membrane has at least as much mass as the homogeneous membrane. Then the first eigenvalue of the whole disk (with Dirichlet boundary conditions) is maximal for the homogeneous membrane. Furthermore, the zeta function of the eigenvalues is minimal for the homogeneous disk. Corollaries follow for simply connected surfaces with nonnegative curvature. Stronger results hold in one dimension, for vibrating strings. 1. Introduction. We prove in particular that amongst all circular mem branes with mass concentrated near the origin, the zeta function of the Dirichlet Laplacian is minimal for the homogeneous disk. More precisely, suppose w is a positive function on the unit disk D and Ay(vv) is the yth eigenvalue of the weighted Laplacian w_1A on D under Dirichlet boundary conditions, meaning that for some eigenfunction tpj,
Determination of Protoveratrine II.*: Separation of Protoveratrines A and B from Associated Alkaloids

Commercial preparations of protoveratrines A and B were found to contain several associated veratrum alkaloids. The individual alkaloids may be separated by partition chromatography, using pH 3.0 buffer adsorbed on Celite® as stationary phase.
Predictors of relationship quality for luxury restaurants

Abstract Relationship quality is increasingly emerging as a strategy for organizations that strive to retain loyal and satisfied customers in today's highly competitive environment. However, a limited number of studies have investigated relationship quality within the hospitality industry. This study examines and applies a measurement model originally tested with Korean customers to American customers to confirm that the predictors of relationship quality for luxury restaurants are cross-culturally valid. This study also examines the relative importance of each predictor of relationship quality, and identifies strategies for luxury restaurants that should enhance their level of customer trust and satisfaction.
The adaptive significance of male subadult plumage in purple martins: plumage dyeing experiments

I tested two hypotheses for the adaptive significance of subadult plumage in male purple martins (Progne subis) : the female mimicry and subordinance signaling hypotheses. Subadult males were at a competitive disadvantage in obtaining territories, as they arrived later in the spring than adult males. Contrary to the predictions of both hypotheses, adult male territory owners were not less aggressive toward subadult male than adult male intruders. The subadult plumage was not effective in mimicking females, as adult male owners were significantly more aggressive toward subadult male than female intruders. Summer adaptation hypotheses predict that young males in subadult plumage are more successful in acquiring territories and mates than they would be with an adult plumage. I tested this prediction by dyeing the plumage of “floater” subadult males to mimic the appearance of adult males. In 13/17 paired experiments, dyed subadults obtained territories before control subadults. There was no difference in the time it took dyed and control males to attract a mate after they obtained a territory. These results suggest that the subadult plumage is not an advantage to young males in competing with adult males for breeding resources. In late winter, subadult males were growing mostly femalelike feathers on their underside, suggesting that the subadult plumage is not the result of a molt constraint. The subadult plumage could enhance survival of yearlings in winter roosts if it improves access to good roost sites or reduces the risk of predation.
Coastal processes: Storm-proofing with marshes

Shorelines are vulnerable to the destructive waves and water levels of increasingly frequent extreme storm events. Wave tank experiments demonstrate that salt marsh vegetation dissipates wave energy and withstands extreme storm conditions.
Pancreatic cancer: Helicobacter pylori colonization, N‐Nitrosamine exposures, and ABO blood group

Thirty years of research with animal models has shown that pancreatic adenocarcinoma is induced by N-nitrosamine carcinogens, which damage DNA through adduct formation. Human risk factors for pancreatic cancer include gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori, as well as dietary intake of those same N-nitrosamines or of nitrite which forms those N-nitrosamines in the stomach, and cigarette smoking which also contains those N-nitrosamines. Physiologic actions of H. pylori colonization enhance the carcinogenic effect of N-nitrosamines delivered by smoking or dietary sources. This effect is modulated by host inflammatory response to the organism, by various virulence and other properties of the Helicobacter itself, and by host-organism interactions. A recent genome-wide association study identified SNPs within the ABO 9q34 locus as statistically significantly associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. A number of recent and older studies going back 40 yr also support the ABO association. ABO-product antigens are expressed on gastrointestinal epithelium on which H. pylori binds, and ABO genotype is known to be associated with risks of duodenal and gastric ulcer and with risk of gastric cancer, conditions definitively related to Helicobacter colonization. We suspect that ABO genotype/phenotype status influences the behavior of H. pylori which in turn affects gastric and pancreatic secretory function, and these ultimately influence the pancreatic carcinogenicity of dietary- and smoking-related N-nitrosamine exposures, and thus risk of pancreatic cancer. Our study results on the interaction of ABO and H. pylori significantly confirm this hypothesis and together with other existing studies strongly implicate this organism in the disease etiology.
Food acceptance and genetic variation in taste.

Abstract Objective To determine if individuals who taste 6- n -propylthiouracil (PROP), one marker of genetic variation in taste, as exceptionally bitter can also perceive sugars as sweeter, other bitters as more intense, and dietary fats as more creamy and/or viscous than do individuals who taste PROP as weakly bitter. This study examined the association between genetic variation in taste and acceptance for sweet, high-fat, and bitter foods and beverages. Design Genetic variation was measured by perceived bitterness of PROP. (influenced by genetic, hormonal, and pathologic factors) and density of fungi form papillae on the anterior portion of the tongue (influenced primarily by genetic factors). Four sweet, 3 fat, and 3 bitter groups were derived from principal components analyses of questionnaire items. Subjects Convenience sample of healthy adults (24 women, 22 men; mean age±standard deviation=21±6 years) who did not report high dietary restraint. Statistical analyses Pearson product moment correlations between genetic taste measures and food and beverage groups. Results The sample showed diversity in genetic taste measures: perceived bitterness of 0.0032mol/L PROP ranged from "weak" to well above "very strong"; fungi form papillae densities ranged from 33 to 156 papillae per square centimeter. Distribution of perceived bitterness of PROP and fungi form papillae density differed in women and men. The association between genetic taste measures and acceptance of sweet and high-fat groups differed in women and men. In women, liking of sweet and high-fat food and beverage groups decreased with increasing perceived bitterness of PROP. In men, liking of these foods and beverages increased but with increasing papillae densities. Genetic taste measures were not associated with a dislike of bitter food and beverage groups. Applications The influence of genetic variation in taste on food intake depends on how perceptible sweet, fat, or bitter components are in foods and beverages, as well as the value of sensory factors vs other factors (eg, health, convenience) on personal dietary choices. Female supertasters of PROP bitterness may avoid high-fat or sweet foods because these oral sensations are too intense and thus less pleasant. Supertasters may taste more bitterness in vegetables but still enjoy eating them because of their healthfulness and because condiments (especially those that are salt based) can block bitterness. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:647–655.
Controlled release of hyaluronan oligomers from biodegradable polymeric microparticle carriers.

Abstract In the present study, biodegradable microparticles of blends of poly( dl -lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were explored as a potential carrier for the controlled release of polysaccharide oligomers. To this end, hyaluronan (HY) oligomers of varying molecular weights were incorporated into PLGA/PEG microparticles. Using a two-level fractional factorial experimental design, four microparticle formulation parameters, the amount of PEG included in the microparticles, the initial HY loading of the microparticles, the molecular weight of HY, and the molecular weight of PLGA, were studied for their influence on the incorporation and in vitro release of HY over the period of 28 days. The entrapment efficiencies were found to range between 10±1% and 24±2% depending on the initial loading and the molecular weight of the HY oligomer used in the fabrication of the microparticles. The HY was released in a multiphasic fashion including an initial burst release, followed by two separate periods of linear release. The normalized cumulative mass released during the burst release ranged from 25.1±9.2% to 93.0±0.7% and was found to be significantly influenced by the initial HY loading, the HY molecular weight, and the PLGA molecular weight. The initial period of linear release lasted from day 1 to day 14 and displayed normalized cumulative rates of release from 0.1±0.0%/day to 1.4±0.2%/day. During this period, PEG content of the microparticles and HY molecular weight exerted the greatest influence on the rate of release. Finally, the second period of linear release lasted through the final time-point at day 28. Here, the normalized cumulative rate of release values ranged from 0.2±0.1%/day to 3.6±0.7%/day and were dependent on all formulation parameters studied. These results demonstrate the potential of PLGA/PEG blend microparticles for the controlled release of HY oligomers.
Emerging roles for two-pore-domain potassium channels and their potential therapeutic impact

A distinct gene family of widely distributed and well-modulated two-pore-domain background potassium (K 2P ) channels establish resting membrane potential and cell excitability. By using new mouse models in which K 2P -channel genes are deleted, the contributions of these channels to important physiological functions are now being revealed. Here, we highlight results of recent studies using mice deleted for K 2P -channel subunits that uncover physiological functions of these channels, mostly those of the TASK and TREK subgroup. Consistent with activation of these K 2P channels by volatile anesthetics, TASK-1, TASK-3 and TREK-1 contribute to anesthetic-induced hypnosis and immobilization. The acid-sensitive TASK channels are not required for brainstem control of breathing by CO 2 or pH, despite widespread expression in respiratory-related neurons. TASK channels are necessary, however, for homeostatic regulation of adrenal aldosterone secretion. The heat-, stretch- and lipid-activated TREK-1 channels contribute to temperature and mechanical pain sensation, neuroprotection by polyunsaturated fatty acids and, unexpectedly, mood regulation. The alkaline-activated TASK-2 channel is necessary for HCO 3 − reabsorption and osmotic volume regulation in kidney proximal tubule cells. Development of compounds that selectively modulate K 2P channels is crucial for verifying these results and assessing the efficacy of therapies targeting these interesting channels.
In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race

In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race. Melbourne Tapper. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. 163 pp., notes, index.
New Light on a Lost Cause: Atticus G. Haygood’s Universalizing Spirituality

The American tragedy of slavery and the Civil War provides the backdrop for the exemplary spirituality of Atticus Haygood (1839–1896). The son of a Georgia slaveholder, Haygood served as a chaplain in the Confederate army. At the War’s end, he returned to Atlanta to suffer poverty and humiliation under the martial law of conquerors. His spirituality developed as a positive response to the chaos of Reconstruction. Following a mid-life transformation, he earned a national reputation as a progressive Southerner and crusader for the rights and education of former slaves. As a Southern Methodist clergyman, Haygood blended the ideals of evangelism and the social gospel, envisioning an America in which Northerners and Southerners, blacks and whites joined together to build the Kingdom of God. His spirituality evolved to the “universalizing” pinnacle of James Fowler’s stages of faith, a perspective from which all persons—regardless of race, status, and place of birth—participate as equals in fellowship with a just and loving deity.
Enumeration of graphite carbon-bond-network defects having ring sizes ranging from 3 to 9

Abstract A review of graph theory relevant to polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons is provided. It is conjectured that some of the 420 pyrene isomeric structures previously enumerated can have analogs that exist as island or crystal edge carbon-bond-network defect structural units in graphite and amorphous carbon. A graphite crystal internal carbon-bond-network defect without an adjacent carbonatom-lattice-vacancy defect is composed of a number of nonhexagonal rings that are enumerated by 3 r 3 + 2 r 4 + r 5 − r 7 − 2 r 8 − 3 r 9 = 0 where r n is the number of rings of size n . An azupyrene structural carbon-bond-network defect is predicted to be the simplest type of graphite defect possible. Graphite carbon-bond-network defects having ring sizes of 3–9 are shown by this model to be most probable. The two-dimensional projection of the (110) plane of the cubic diamond lattice structure portraying an edge dislocation or intermediate defect possesses ring sizes whose relative number are predicted by the above equation. It is suggested that two-carbon-atom-lattice-vacancies devoid of impurity atoms do not exist per se in graphite.
The Changing Bases of Political Conflict in Western Europe: The Cases of Belgium and Austria

A change in the basis of political conflict has occurred in the West from a political arena dominated by issues of social class and religiosity to one dominated by issues of identity with either the nation-state or a subculture reflected in the declining vote share of mainstream parties of interests and the emergence of parties of identity. These new parties have been identified as “radical right” but they are distinct from parties of the classic right. We develop a causal model using World Values data (1990 and 1999 waves) from Austria, a country with a national identity party, and Belgium, a country with a party of subcultural defense, to show the attributes of supporters for the emerging parties of identity are the same at the national or subcultural levels and are distinct from those predicting support for the classic right.
Uptake of compounds that selectively kill multidrug-resistant cells: the copper transporter SLC31A1 (CTR1) increases cellular accumulation of the thiosemicarbazone NSC73306.

Acquired drug resistance in cancer continues to be a challenge in cancer therapy, in part due to overexpression of the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1, ABCB1). NSC73306 is a thiosemicarbazone compound that displays greater toxicity against cells expressing functional P-gp than against other cells. Here, we investigate the cellular uptake of NSC73306, and examine its interaction with P-gp and copper transporter 1 (CTR1, SLC31A1). Overexpression of P-gp sensitizes LLC-PK1 cells to NSC73306. Cisplatin (IC50 = 77 μM), cyclosporin A (IC50 = 500 μM), and verapamil (IC50 = 700 μM) inhibited cellular accumulation of [3H]NSC73306. Cellular hypertoxicity of NSC73306 to P-gp-expressing cells was inhibited by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner. Cells transiently expressing the cisplatin uptake transporter CTR1 (SLC31A1) showed increased [3H]NSC73306 accumulation. In contrast, CTR1 knockdown decreased [3H]NSC73306 accumulation. The presence of NSC73306 reduced CTR1 levels, similar to the negative ...
Epitaxial Pb ( Zr , Ti ) O 3 Ultrathin Films under Open-Circuit Electrical Boundary Conditions

The temperature-versus-misfit-strain phase diagram of $\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{Zr},\mathrm{Ti}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ultrathin films under open-circuit electrical boundary conditions is simulated via the use of an effective Hamiltonian. Two novel phases, both exhibiting dipolar nanodomains and oxygen octahedral tilting, are discovered. The interplay between dipolar, antiferrodistortive, alloying, and strain degrees of freedom induces several striking features in these two phases, such as the chemical pinning of domain walls, the enhancement of oxygen octahedral tilting near the domain walls, and the existence of dipolar waves and cylindrical dipolar chiral bubbles.
Spinal gout in a renal transplant patient: a case report and literature review.

Abstract Background Gout in the axial spine is rare. We present a case report on a renal transplant patient who developed fever and acute back pain at the L5 through S1 level secondary to sodium urate deposits. We review the literature on this rare disease and propose a management algorithm based on a resulting analysis. Case Description A 37-year-old man with a history of gout and a renal transplant for IgA nephropathy presented with acute back pain and fever without evidence of neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a uniformly contrast-enhancing infiltrative process involving the right pedicle, lamina, and inferior facet of the L5 vertebra. Computed tomography–guided needle biopsy revealed a friable white tissue consistent with sodium urate crystals. Conservative treatment with steroids and narcotics was used with good symptomatic relief. Conclusion Although few cases of gout involving the spine have been reported, its prevalence is likely grossly underestimated. Most patients have a history of gout and have elevated levels of serum urate level on presentation. The disease most commonly involves the lumbar spine. Patients usually have neurological deficits on presentation, and surgical decompression produces favorable outcomes. However, conservative medical management is appropriate for those with back pain only. Aggressive control of hyperuricemia is essential regardless of the method of treatment.
Regulation of hormone(PTH and PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase by renal cytosolic factors

Abstract Cytosolic factors in a 50–75% (NH4)2SO4 fraction of the 105 000 × g supernatant of the renal cortex modulated adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations enriched in renal tubular cell basal-lateral membranes. The crude factor preparation had no effect on basal activity but it contained components that augmented the stimulation of the enzyme by NaF, parathyroid hormone (PTH), prostaglandin e1 (PGE1), and inhibited the activation of the enzyme by GMP-PNP. The factor(s) potentiating the stimulation by the hormones was partially purified (13-fold) by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. During purification, the component(s) that increased hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase was separated from those affecting the activity in the presence of NaF and GMP-PNP. The factor(s) enhanced the PTH- and PGE1-stimulated enzyme at all concentrations of hormone, suggesting that the affinity for the hormone was not affected. The factor(s) was heat-stable. Partial proteolysis with chymotrypsin greatly reduced the ability of the factor(s) to enhance hormonal responsive adenylate cyclase. However, the factor(s) was resistant to trypsin digestion. The effect of the factor was not due to GTP, nor was GTP necessary for its action. Ca2+ was not needed for the enhancing activity of the factor(s). These findings suggest the presence in the cytosol of the kidney cortex of a protein(s) that regulates the response of renal adenylate cyclase to hormones. The relationship between this kidney cytosolic factor and those reported in other tissues remains to be established.
Life Cycle and Variation of Prototheca wickerhamii

Prototheca wickerhamii is a yeastlike organism that resembles the green alga Chlorella. Nuclear division in coordination with cytoplasmic cleavage gives rise to uninucleate cytoplasmic segments, each of which acquires a delicate cell wall and develops into an autospore. The autospores in this species are spherical; but in a variant that presumably arose as a result of spontaneous mutation, the cytoplasmic cleavage is irregular, and the resultant autospores are ovoid to bacillary. When these variant autospores grow, they swell and round up before the nuclear division begins, producing spherical cells like those seen in wild-type cultures. In view of the fact that species concept in the genus is based on size and shape of cells, the variation limits in these morphological characteristics have significant bearing on species classification.
Lamellar bodies as delivery systems of hydrolytic enzymes: implications for normal and abnormal desquamation.

Summary Lamellar body secretion results in the delivery of a selected array of hydrolytic enzymes to the extracellular domains of stratum corneum (SC). Deposition and activation of these enzymes in the interstices presumably is associated with the transformation of lamellar body-derived lipids from a relatively polar to a non-polar mixture, as well as the degradation of other non-lipid intercellular substrates. To determine whether abnormal desquamation might result from failure of hydrolytic enzyme delivery to the SC interstices, we localized one catabolic enzyme, acid lipase, previously shown to be a reproducible marker for the lamellar body secretory system, by cytochemical methods within the epidermis of selected human (congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, CIE) and animal (essential fatty-acid deficient (EFAD) mouse epidermis and mouse tail epidermis) models associated with abnormal scaling or unusual SC retention. In addition, we compared the persistence of desmosomes within normal SC vs. the various models. Normal human and murine epidermis displayed abundant lipase activity both in lamellar bodies (LB) and in association with secreted lamellar body contents in the SC interstices. Despite normal quantities of LB in CIE, EFAD, and mouse tail epidermis, lipase activity was markedly deficient both in LB and in the SC intercellular domains. These studies support the hypothesis that normal desquamation is mediated by enzymatic modulations in lipid and/or protein content of the SC interstices, and that some forms of pathological or excessive scaling may be due to desmosomal persistence that results from defective or limited delivery of lamellar body-derived, hydrolytic enzymes to the SC intercellular domains
Thermo-electrochemical analysis of lithium ion batteries for space applications using Thermal Desktop

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are replacing the Nickel–Hydrogen batteries used on the International Space Station (ISS). Knowing that LIB efficiency and survivability are greatly influenced by temperature, this study focuses on the thermo-electrochemical analysis of LIBs in space orbit. Current finite element modeling software allows for advanced simulation of the thermo-electrochemical processes; however the heat transfer simulation capabilities of said software suites do not allow for the extreme complexities of orbital-space environments like those experienced by the ISS. In this study, we have coupled the existing thermo-electrochemical models representing heat generation in LIBs during discharge cycles with specialized orbital-thermal software, Thermal Desktop (TD). Our model's parameters were obtained from a previous thermo-electrochemical model of a 185 Amp-Hour (Ah) LIB with 1–3 C (C) discharge cycles for both forced and natural convection environments at 300 K. Our TD model successfully simulates the temperature vs. depth-of-discharge (DOD) profiles and temperature ranges for all discharge and convection variations with minimal deviation through the programming of FORTRAN logic representing each variable as a function of relationship to DOD. Multiple parametrics were considered in a second and third set of cases whose results display vital data in advancing our understanding of accurate thermal modeling of LIBs.
Analysis of adhesively bonded joints with gaps subjected to bending

The two dimensional plane strain problem of adhesively bonded joints with gap defects in the adhesive is treated. A simple lap joint with a gap is considered, and the effect of bending is included in the formulation. The results show steep edge gradients for peel and shear stresses, and the peak stresses always occur at the extreme ends of the overlap, regardless of the presence of the gaps. The gap has little effect on the peak stresses, unless it is sufficiently close to an end, where an example indicates that stresses can be affected by as much as 25%. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
A positive caver map response poorly predicts recovery of potency after radical prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives. To determine whether preservation of the neurovascular bundles (NVBs), defined by a positive CaverMap response, correlates with the recovery of potency after radical prostatectomy. Methods. We studied a group of 60 men who were potent preoperatively who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy by one surgeon. The CaverMap was used after removal of the prostate to assess the integrity of the NVBs. Postoperative potency was assessed by a postal questionnaire and telephone interview, administered independently of the treating surgeon. Men were considered potent if they reported postoperative erections consistently sufficient for vaginal penetration with or without the use of sildenafil. Results. The mean patient age was 59 years, and the median follow-up was 365 days. A positive CaverMap response was obtained in 73 (77%) of the 95 NVBs tested. The overall potency rate was 18%. No patients with a bilateral negative CaverMap response were potent, and 2 (22%) of 9 with a unilateral CaverMap response (negative versus unilateral response, P = 0.46) and 6 (27%) of 22 with bilateral CaverMap responses (negative versus bilateral response, P = 0.32) were potent. Conclusions. A positive CaverMap response, suggesting that a successful nerve-sparing prostatectomy had been performed, was obtained in 77% of the NVBs tested. Nevertheless, with a median follow-up of 12 months, most patients with a positive CaverMap response remained impotent. This suggests that other factors are critical to the recovery of sexual function after radical prostatectomy.
Influence of electric fields on spin waves in simple ferromagnets: Role of the flexoelectric interaction

We discuss the influence of electric fields on spin waves in simple ferromagnets produced by the flexoelectric interaction. Such terms produce a frequency shift that is linear in both the applied electric field and the wave vector of the spin waves. Above a certain critical electrical field, ferromagnetism is unstable. We discuss the nature of the conical cycloidal state that appears above the critical field for a ferromagnet with uniaxial anisotropy and exchange.
Dynamic Transcriptomic Profiles between Tomato and a Wild Relative Reflect Distinct Developmental Architectures

Developmental differences between species commonly result from changes in the tissue-specific expression of genes. Clustering algorithms are a powerful means to detect coexpression across tissues in single species but are not often applied to multidimensional data sets, such as gene expression across tissues in multiple species. As next-generation sequencing approaches enable interspecific analyses, methods to visualize and explore such data sets will be required. Here, we analyze a data set comprising gene expression profiles across six different tissue types in domesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and a wild relative (Solanum pennellii). We find that self-organizing maps are a useful means to analyze interspecies data, as orthologs can be assigned to independent levels of a “super self-organizing map.” We compare various clustering approaches using a principal component analysis in which the expression of orthologous pairs is indicated by two points. We leverage the expression profile differences between orthologs to look at tissue-specific changes in gene expression between species. Clustering based on expression differences between species (rather than absolute expression profiles) yields groups of genes with large tissue-by-species interactions. The changes in expression profiles of genes we observe reflect differences in developmental architecture, such as changes in meristematic activity between S. lycopersicum and S. pennellii. Together, our results offer a suite of data-exploration methods that will be important to visualize and make biological sense of next-generation sequencing experiments designed explicitly to discover tissue-by-species interactions in gene expression data.
Retardation of annealing embrittlement in iron-based glasses by microaddition of cerium

Abstract The effects of microadditions of cerium on the rate of annealing embrittlement, stress relief, and as-quenched magnetic domain structure in three iron-based metallic glasses have been investigated. Ribbons melt-spun from optimally doped castings of composition Fe 80 B 16 Si 2 C 2 and Fe 80 B 20 did not embrittle during annealing until the onset of crystallization, whereas Fe 78 B 13 Si 9 ribbons were unaffected by cerium additions. In the first two glasses optimal doping resulted in the disappearance of quenched-in stresses in the ribbons, as evidenced by an absence of maze domains, and, for the Fe 80 B 20 alloy, a slight enhancement of stress relief rate for small times and temperatures. The effects of doping were qualitatively different in the Fe 78 B 13 Si 9 glass. We conclude that annealing embrittlement in the first two glasses is an impurity effect, and that the embrittling impurities are oxygen and/or sulfur, the dissolved concentrations of which are strongly reduced by cerium additions. That low concentrations (50–100 at. ppm) of these impurities are sufficient to cause annealing embrittlement suggests that impurity segregation may be involved in the embrittlement process.
Information cascades in social media in response to a crisis: a preliminary model and a case study

The focus of this paper is on demonstrating how a model of the diffusion of actionable information can be used to study information cascades on Twitter that are in response to an actual crisis event, and its concomitant alerts and warning messages from emergency managers. We will: identify the types of information requested or shared during a crisis situation; show how messages spread among the users on Twitter including what kinds of information cascades or patterns are observed; and note what these patterns tell us about information flow and the users. We conclude by noting that emergency managers can use this information to either facilitate the spreading of accurate information or impede the flow of inaccurate or improper messages.