cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct Evidence for Dechanneling of 40 kV Gold Ions at Planar Defects in Silver and Gold

Thin single crystal sandwiches consisting of silver-gold-silver layers were prepared by epitaxial vapor deposition on (100) cleaved rocksalt. These specimens contained numerous (111) planar faults (coherent twins and stacking faults) extending through them at an angle of 54.7° with the surface. After bombardment along [100] with 40 ke V gold ions the middle gold layer was removed and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Zones free of radiation damage were found directly adjacent to the planar faults. These zones were a result of a shadowing effect caused by the defocusing of the incoming ions by the extensions of the planar defects into the upper silver layer (which were present during the bombardment). Evidence was also found for the production of excess defects directly at the planar defect surfaces in the gold layer due to dechanneling. The geometry of the blocking of [100] channels in a f.c.c. lattice by (111) planar faults is described. Dunne, sandwichartige Einkristallschichten aus Silber, Gold und Silber wurden durch epitaktisches Aufdampfen auf (100) Steinsalzspaltflachen hergestellt. Diese Proben enthalten zahlreiche, ebene (111)-Defekte (koharente Zwillingsebenen und Stapelfehler), die sich unter einem Winkel von 54, 7° zur Oberflache durch die Proben erstrecken. Nach Bestrahlung mit 40 ke V Goldionen in [100]-Richtung wurde die mittlere Goldschicht herausgelost und im Elektronenmikroskop in Durchstrahlung untersucht. Direkt neben den ebenen Defekten wurden Zonen gefunden, die keine Strahlenschadigungen aufwiesen. Diese Zonen resultierten aus einem Abschirmungseffekt, hervorgerufen durch die Defokussierung der einfallenden Ionen durch die Ausdehnung der ebenen Defekte in die obere Silberschicht, (die wahrend der Bestrahlung vorhanden war). Auch der Nachweis fur eine Uberschus-Erzeugung von Defekten direkt an den ebenen Fehlern in der Goldschicht durch „Dechanneling” wurde erhalten. Die Geometrie der Blockierung von [100]-Kanalen in einem k.f.z. Gitter durch ebene (111)-Defekte wird beschrieben.
Sildenafil Citrate Treatment Enhances Amino Acid Availability in the Conceptus and Fetal Growth in an Ovine Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Adequate placental blood flow is essential for the optimal delivery of nutrients from mother to fetus for conceptus growth. Restricted fetal development results from pathophysiological and environmental factors that alter utero-placental blood flow, placental function, and, therefore, nutrient availability in the fetus. To test this hypothesis, 0, 75, or 150 mg/d sildenafil citrate (Viagra) was administered subcutaneously from d 28 to 115 of gestation to either nutrient-restricted [50% of NRC requirements) or adequately-fed ewes (100% of NRC requirements). On d 115, maternal, fetal, and placental tissues and fluids were collected. Concentrations of total amino acids and polyamines in uterine venous and arterial sera, amniotic and allantoic fluids, and fetal umbilical venous serum were lower (P < 0.05) in nutrient-restricted ewes than in adequately fed ewes, as were the ratios of total amino acids in fetal umbilical venous serum to uterine arterial serum. Sildenafil citrate dose-dependently increased (P < 0.05) total amino acids and polyamines in amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, and fetal serum without affecting values in maternal serum. Fetal weight was lower (P < 0.05) in nutrient-restricted ewes on d 115. Sildenafil citrate treatment dose-dependently increased (P < 0.05) fetal weight in both nutrient-restricted and adequately fed ewes. This study supports the hypothesis that long-term sildenafil citrate treatment enhances fetal growth, at least in part, by increasing the availability of amino acids in the conceptus. These findings may lead to the clinical use of sildenafil citrate in human pregnancies suspected to be at risk for intrauterine fetal growth retardation.
Improving Cerebral Cortical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Readily Available Surface Coil

Subtle structural deformities of the cerebral cortex have been shown to be the cause of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy. Brain imaging using high-resolution focused protocols with standard head coils may not provide sufficient image quality needed for evaluating subtle cortical abnormalities. The authors describe the use of a readily available shoulder coil placed over a specific area of the brain that has been clinically determined to enhance the signal to noise and resolution of the cortical surface. Delineating the cortical surface using a shoulder coil can help to detect subtle areas of cortical thickening, blurring of the gray-white matter junction, or focally abnormal gyral and sulcal patterns.
Crossed-beam intermodulated fluorescence spectroscopy as a spatially resolved temperature diagnostic for supersonic nozzles

A variant of laser saturation spectroscopy has been applied to the determination of spatially resolved temperature in low-pressure supersonic flows. By copropagating a pump and probe beam with a small crossing angle, the full Doppler profile is retained, but the signal is limited to the volume where both beams are overlapped. The technique was demonstrated on several rovibrational lines of the I2X1Sigma(0g+)-->B3Pi(0u+) transition in a Mach 2 Laval nozzle. A temperature of 146 K+/-1.5 K was extracted from measurements of the I2P(46) 17-1 spectral line with a spatial resolution of 2.4 mm3. Application of the technique to the turbulent gain medium of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser is discussed.
Twisted statistics of quantum fields on the Moyal plane

In this review, we discuss the role of quantum statistics in twisted Poincare invariant theories. It is shown that, in order to have twisted Poincare group as the symmetry of a quantum theory, statistics must be twisted. It is also confirmed that the removal of UV-IR mixing (in the absence of gauge fields) in such theories is a natural consequence.
Anthochlor pigments and floral UV patterns in the genus Bidens

The occurrence of floral UV absorption-reflection patterns in Bidens laevis is due to a spatial segregation of anthochlor pigments in the flower head. Interspecific, UV pattern polymorphism within this genus falls generally along taxonomic (sectional) lines.
Differentiating arthritic from myofascial pain in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: preliminary report.

Purpose To differentiate between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation and myofascial pain (MPD) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective study of children with JIA evaluated at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Patients, aged 16 years or younger at the time of diagnosis, were included if they had confirmed JIA with jaw signs or symptoms. Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed to document demographic, clinical, and radiographic findings. Patients with clinical evidence (joint pain/tenderness, asymmetry, limited motion) and radiographic evidence (condylar asymmetry, flattening, accentuated antegonial notch) of TMJ inflammation but without muscle pain were diagnosed with arthritis. Those with only muscle tenderness and/or limited jaw motion were diagnosed with MPD. Patients with TMJ inflammation and muscle pain/tenderness were considered to have co-existing arthritis and MPD. Outcome variables were the presence of TMJ arthritis and/or MPD. Descriptive statistics were computed. Results There were 61 patients (44 girls) with a mean age of 12.7 years (range, 3 to 16 years) who met the inclusion criteria. The most common clinical findings were limited mouth opening (n = 24), malocclusion/asymmetry (n = 23), and/or tenderness to palpation (n = 18). Twenty-one patients had multiple signs and symptoms. Panoramic radiographs showed condylar abnormalities in 32 patients. Overall, 21 patients (34.4%) were diagnosed with active TMJ arthritis, 21 (34.4%) with MPD, and 11 (18%) with both arthritis and MPD. Of the patients, 8 (13.1%) were in remission. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that in patients with JIA and jaw signs/symptoms, there is an overlap in diagnoses between arthritis and MPD. This has considerable implications for patient management.
The efficient policy frontier under parameter uncertainty and multiple tools

Abstract This paper considers optimal policy design for arbitrary (that is, not necessarily quadratic) loss functions. There are a single target variable and an arbitrary number of policy tools with coefficient uncertainty. Under normality, an efficient policy frontier is derived. Any efficient policy vector is a weighted average of two arbitrary efficient vectors. If a tool with a known coefficient is introduced, the vector of optimal values of risky tools is independent of the loss function. Implications are discussed for policy advising when the policy maker's loss function is imperfectly understood, and for numerical policy optimization when the loss function is analytically intractable.
Transient Aphasia With Persistent Apraxia: Uncommon Sequela of Massive Left-Hemisphere Stroke

• A 58-year-old, right-handed man became aphasic following a left-hemisphere stroke. Despite the massive size of the lesion, the aphasia was transient. An apraxia and agraphia did, however, persist three years after onset. The pattern of language impairment and subsequent recovery is believed to represent the rarely documented condition of mixed cerebral dominance for language.
Interactions of Fr genes and mixed-pathogen inocula in the loblolly pine-fusiform rust pathosystem

Open-pollinated loblolly pine seedlings derived from seven maternal parents were inoculated in a greenhouse with 10 different bulked inocula of the fusiform rust fungus and assessed for disease incidence. The maternal parents are heterozygous (Rr) for one or two of nine known pathotype-specific Fr genes (fusiform rust resistance genes). Progeny were genotyped to identify carriers of known R and r alleles inherited from the maternal parents. The R alleles condition resistance to specific genotypes of the fungal pathogen, while r alleles do not condition for resistance. Interactions were tested among different host genotypes and different bulked inocula. Significant differences in virulence against R genotypes were observed in the bulked inocula. Likewise, the inocula were significantly different with regard to their ability to incite disease at the family level and in r genotypes. Across the inocula, disease levels differed significantly among families. Within each family, r genotype seedlings typically exhibited higher disease rates than did R genotype seedlings. The magnitude of difference (odds ratio) between the R versus r genotypes for disease incidence within each family varied from 1 to 32 times. Significant interactions between host and pathogen genotypes were observed in four of the seven families. These greenhouse assessments using bulked inocula sources revealed wide ranges of pathogen virulence levels against the different R alleles. Barring virulence masking by unknown resistance genes, similar virulence assessments should be effective guides for the field deployment of seedlings carrying specific R alleles to regions where inocula samples show low or no corresponding virulence.
Characterization of cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of a compound containing the chemical scaffold, 4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carboxylic acid-(4-chlorophenyl amide), to a chemically reactive p-chlorophenyl isocyanate intermediate in human liver microsomes.

Compound A (Cmpd A) was previously reported to form p-chlorophenyl isocyanate (CPIC), which was trapped by GSH to yield S- (N- [p-chlorophenyl] carbamoyl) glutathione adduct (SCPG) in the presence of human liver microsomes. In this study, P450 3A4 and 2C9 were demonstrated to be the enzymes mediating the activation of Cmpd A to CPIC in human liver microsomes based on inhibitory and correlation studies. Enzyme kinetics studies indicated that P450 3A4 was the primary enzyme involved in the activation of Cmpd A. In silico P450 3A4 active site docking of Cmpd A exhibited a low energy pose that orientated the pyrazole ring proximate to the heme iron atom, in which the distance between the C-3 and potential activated oxygen species was shown to be 3.4 A. Quantum molecular calculations showed that the electron density on C-3 was relatively higher than those on C-4 and C-5. These measurements suggested that the C-3 of Cmpd A was the preferred site of oxidation and hence predisposed Cmpd A in forming CPIC as previ...
Fossil Record and Age of the Asteridae

The Asteridae is a group of some 80,000 species of flowering plants characterized by their fused corollas and iridoid compounds. Recent phylogenetic analyses have helped delimit the group and have identified four main clades within it; Cornales, Ericales, Lamiids and Campanulids, with the last two collectively known as the Euasteridae. A search for the oldest fossils representing asterids yielded a total of 261 records. Each of these fossils was evaluated as to the reliability of its identification. The oldest accepted fossils for each clade were used to estimate minimum ages for the whole of the Asteridae. The results suggest that the Asteridae dates back to at least the Turonian, Late Cretaceous (89.3 mya) and that by the Late Santonian-Early Campanian (83.5 mya) its four main clades were already represented in the fossil record.
Effect of Junction Morphology on the Performance of Polycrystalline Cu2O Homojunction Solar Cells

Cu2O p−n homojunction solar cells were fabricated by the consecutive electrochemical deposition of p-Cu2O layer, followed by n-Cu2O layer. The surface morphology of p-type Cu2O, which determines th...
Perinatal Nursing Education in Tennessee A Regional Approach

The role of Professional continuing education in the development of regionalized perinatal health care systems is of primary importance to the success of these systems. Below is a report of the establishment of a Level III hospital-based program for providing professional education in a large, predominantly rural, urea. The program's emphasis IS on meeting educational needs of the region as defined by the practitioners themselves, rather than by outside observers.
Modeling timber mill procurement influence effects on interstate sawlog exportation

Abstract Over the last three decades the exportation rate of raw sawlogs from Illinois to neighboring states for processing has nearly doubled. While the exportation of sawlogs has adverse impacts on the Illinois wood products manufacturing sector and local forest landowners, little research has been conducted to understand how the spatial arrangement of timber mills affects sawlog exportation. This research models, in a spatial environment, timber mill procurement influence within southern Illinois and the surrounding region in an attempt to understand how the location of mills is a partial explanation of the increase in sawlog exportation. Assuming equal market power, timber mills within the study area were found to be arranged in a manner that results in low competition for sawlogs within Illinois and high competition in neighboring states. Spatial models incorporating differential market power based on mill size characteristics suggest that Illinois experiences little procurement pressure from high production mills operating within the State but is under procurement pressure from high production timber mills operating in neighboring states.
Scanning Photocurrent Microscopy Analysis of Si Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors Fabricated by Surface Etching of the Channel

High-performance field-effect transistors were fabricated by etching the channel regions of surface-doped Si nanowires. On/off ratios of 106 and field effect mobilities up to 525 cm2/(V·s) represen...
Lower infection rates after introduction of a photocatalytic surface coating.

Health care facilities contain potentially contaminated surfaces that are either difficult to sanitize or prone to recontamination. Photocatalytic materials exhibit antimicrobial activity when exposed to light and provide a safe, durable coating on a wide range of surfaces. We assessed infection rates before and after introduction of a photocatalytic coating in our facility. Infection rates decreased overall by 30%, a change that was statistically significant ( P = .02). Similar changes to the built environment merit additional investigation.
An algebraic approach to test data generation

In this paper the Test Data Generation problem is considered from the point of view of symbolic logic i.e., Boolean algebra. Essentially, the problem is the determination of various transfer functions describing the behavior of the network under test. This can be done by solving a corresponding system of Boolean equations using straight forward and easily understood algebriac techniques.This algebraic approach is enhanced significantly by the use of the novel concepts of logic flowgraphs and variational derivatives. Logic flowgraphs are a particular application of flowgraphs extending to logic networks the signal flow theory and other graphical concepts which have been successfully applied elsewhere. The logic flowgraph results in a visualization and a mechanization of the algebraic approach not evident from other approaches. Indeed it provides a schedule (an ordering relative to precedence) for the above mentioned substitional process.The variational derivative concept, characterizing transitions in a network, is ultimately related to fault detection and is, in effect, an algebraic generalization of the star-product and d-cube concepts of Roth. In fact, the concept provides a concise algebraic means of describing the responses (R (Lt ; Lt-1 )) and (R' (Lt ; Lt-1 ;X)) mentioned above by Mr. Krosner.We will demonstrate the usefulness of these concepts by the analysis of the illustrative examples in figures (1), (2), and (3). Experience has shown that they provide a very general framework from which the broad spectrum of more practical and specialized techniques can be more readily understood.A more extensive and detailed account of the concepts and techniques briefly mentioned here can be found in Reference 1.
Gauge-invariant nuclear Compton amplitude manifesting low-energy theorems.

The electromagnetic field representation of the nuclear electromagnetic interaction is developed, by extending previous work on the nuclear current (one-photon amplitude) to the nuclear Compton amplitude. The resulting form of the Compton amplitude is gauge invariant and, in transverse gauge, manifests the low-energy theorems for the ${0}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${0}^{+}$ case, which is discussed in detail. Deuteron forward photodisintegration is also studied numerically, and it is shown that the generalized Siegert form of the retarded electric dipole interaction efficiently incorporates pion-exchange currents implicitly, while large explicit forms of these currents are needed in the standard representation of the interaction. Gauge invariance and Reiss's strong-field momentum-translation approximation are also discussed.
Factors affecting captures of male citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, in pheromone‐baited traps

The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is an important world-wide pest of citrus. Larval mining within leaf flush impacts yield and predisposes trees to infection by citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. The present series of studies sought to identify factors affecting male P. citrella catch in pheromone-baited traps with the intent of developing effective monitoring. A commercially available pheromone lure (Citralure, ISCA Technologies, Riverside, CA, USA) was highly effective in attracting male P. citrella to traps. Pherocon VI Delta (Trece Inc., Adair, OK, USA) traps baited with a Citralure captured more male P. citrella than identically baited Pherocon IC Wing traps (Trece Inc.). The superiority of the Delta-style trap was found to be due to a 3 cm long closing latch that likely prevents males from flying directly through the trap without capture. Within canopies of mature citrus trees (approximately 3.5 m high), traps at mid-canopy height (2.0 m) captured more males than traps placed higher (3.5 m) or lower (0.6 m). On the canopy perimeter and in between canopies, traps near ground level (0.6 m height) captured more males than traps at 2.0 and 3.5 m heights. Male catch was greater within the tree canopy or on the canopy perimeter than 2.0 away from the canopy. Traps deployed in trees on the edge of groves captured more males than traps placed 120 and 240 m away from the grove edge and within the grove interior. In non-pheromone-treated grove plots, the optimal dosage for catching males was between 0.1 and 1.0 mg of the 3 : 1 blend of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal and (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal; however, in pheromone-treated plots a higher 10.0 mg dosage lure was most effective. Male catch in pheromone-baited traps exhibited a diel rhythm with most males captured during scotophase (22:00-23:00 h) and no males captured during photophase.
Surface deactivation of excited molecules in a circular cylinder with diffusion, convection, and first order chemical reaction

Abstract The differential equation for axial and radial diffusion, axial convection (bulk flow), and first order chemical reaction for excited molecules in an inert gas flowing in a circular cylinder with active walls is solved. Following the method of Wise et al. the solutions are obtained in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions (Kummer's functions). These solutions are applicable to a large class of flow tube experiments, particularly studies of surface properties. As an example, from the data of Potter et al. the surface deactivation probability of vibrationally excited OH on boric acid is found to be 6.2 × 10 −3 . This value is far smaller than that deduced from diffusion lifetimes, due to the modifying effect of OH spontaneous emission and reaction with ozone.
Cadherin-mediated adhesion at the interneuronal synapse

One of the recent advances in the molecular definition of a synapse has been the identification of cadherins as major structural components. The presence of classic (N- and E-) cadherins in the synaptic complex is not surprising considering the ultrastructural similarities between interneuronal synapses and the adhesive junctions formed between epithelial cells. However, the role of these adhesion molecules and their junctions in this context is likely to encompass both developmental and physiological phenomena that are unique to the synapse. Moreover, the recent finding that a much broader family of cadherin-related receptors is also located at the synaptic complex has fuelled speculation that cadherins have a role in generation of specificity in synaptic connectivity as well as structure.
Conjugation of chemical carcinogens by primary cultures of human hepatocytes

1. The conjugation of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was investigated in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Human hepatocytes conjugated 12.5-63% of the BP and 1.7-52% of the AAF to sulphates and glucuronides over a thousand-fold concentration range. 2. BP is conjugated to glucuronides from non-detectable levels to 50%, and to sulphates from non-detectable levels to 30%. The major conjugated metabolites are the highly polar metabolites. 3. AAF is conjugated to glucuronides from 1.5 to 51% and to sulphates from 0.2 to 12%. The C-hydroxylated AAF metabolites were conjugated to glucuronides more than N-hydroxy AAF and aminofluorene metabolites.
Health-Related Outcomes Associated with Patterns of Risk Factors in Primary Care Patients

It is important to find ways to identify prevalent co-occurring health risk factors to help facilitate treatment programming. One method is to use electronic medical record (EMR) data. Funderburk et al. (J Behav Med 31:525–535, 2008) used such data and latent class analysis to identify three classes of individuals based on standard health screens administered in Veterans Affairs primary care clinics. The present study extended these results by examining the health-related outcomes for each of these identified classes. Follow-up data were collected from a subgroup of the original sample (N = 4,132). Analyses showed that class assignment predicted number of diagnoses associated with the diseases that the health screens target and number of primary care behavioral health, and emergency room encounters. The findings illustrate one way an EMR can be used to identify clusters of individuals presenting with multiple health risk factors and where the healthcare system comes in contact with them.
Electrical properties of ferroelectric thin film KNO3 memory devices

Abstract Thin film non-volatile memory devices are fabricated on glass substrates by evaporating KNO3 in an ultra high vacuum system. The top and bottom gold electrodes [25 μm × 25 μm] are deposited by shadow masking in the same vacuum system. The KNO3 is protected from moisture by depositing a passivation layer of SiO. Pulse switching characteristics of these thin film memory devices show excellent signal-to-noise ratios for nonlinear and linear behavior. The integration of these transient current vs. time curves yields large values of spontaneous polarization (Ps ≈ 103 μC cm−2). Capacitance-voltage measurements made at high frequency (1 MHz) with slow ramp rates (200 mV s−1−2 V s−1) indicated well-defined thershold voltages and the presence of mobile carriers.
dTip60 HAT activity controls synaptic bouton expansion at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.

Background Histone acetylation of chromatin plays a key role in promoting the dynamic transcriptional responses in neurons that influence the neuroplasticity linked to cognitive ability, yet the specific histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that create such epigenetic marks remain to be elucidated. Methods and Findings Here we use the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a well-characterized synapse model to identify HATs that control synaptic remodeling and structure. We show that the HAT dTip60 is concentrated both pre and post-synaptically within the NMJ. Presynaptic targeted reduction of dTip60 HAT activity causes a significant increase in synaptic bouton number that specifically affects type Is boutons. The excess boutons show a suppression of the active zone synaptic function marker bruchpilot, suggesting defects in neurotransmission function. Analysis of microtubule organization within these excess boutons using immunohistochemical staining to the microtubule associated protein futsch reveals a significant increase in the rearrangement of microtubule loop architecture that is required for bouton division. Moreover, α-tubulin acetylation levels of microtubules specifically extending into the terminal synaptic boutons are reduced in response to dTip60 HAT reduction. Conclusions Our results are the first to demonstrate a causative role for the HAT dTip60 in the control of synaptic plasticity that is achieved, at least in part, via regulation of the synaptic microtubule cytoskeleton. These findings have implications for dTip60 HAT dependant epigenetic mechanisms underlying cognitive function.
Series Motor Parameter Variations as a Function of Frequency and Saturation

Knowledge of Dc series motor parameters as a function of frequency and degree of magnetic saturation are essential in applications where the motor is to be chopper controlled, such as in electric vehicles. Knowledge of the inductance is necessary for proper chopper selection; knowledge of all parameters is necessary in order to predict dynamic performance and efficiency. The latter is directly related to the range of a battery powered electric vehicle.
Cerebral Blood Flow Correlates of Apathy in Alzheimer Disease

Design: Analysis of the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow as measured by single photon emission computed tomography and severity of apathy as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory using an analysis of variance design. We examined regional cerebral perfusion alterations as measured by xenon 133Xecalibrated technetium Tc 99m hexamethyl-propy\x=req-\ leneamine-oxime single photon emission computed tomography in relation to the presence and severity of apathy. and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. Participants: Thirty-one community-dwelling patients fulfilling National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association diagnostic criteria for probable Alzheimer disease who had a single photon computed tomographic scan performed within 3 months of administration of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Results: The presence of apathy was associated with more severe prefrontal and anterior temporal dysfunction. These regional cerebral perfusion relationships with apathy were independent of cognitive decline except in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the association of apathetic syndromes with prefrontal and anterior temporal regional brain dysfunction and are consistent with similar findings previously reported in other disorders. ArchNeurol. 1996;53:1116-1120
Effect of modulation of enzyme inactivation on temperature optimization for reactor operation with chitin-immobilized lactase

Temperature is a critical variable to be optimized in any enzymatic process, producing opposite effects on enzyme activity and inactivation rate. Temperature functions for all kinetic and inactivation parameters were validated for chitin-immobilized yeast lactase (CIL). Enzyme inactivation was described by a two-stage series mechanism. The effect of galactose and lactose on inactivation was determined in terms of modulation factors that were positive for galactose and negative for lactose. Modulation factors were mild functions of temperature in the first stage and strong functions in the second stage of enzyme inactivation, where galactose positive modulation factors increase while lactose negative modulation factors decrease with temperature. Temperature-explicit functions for kinetic and inactivation parameters were incorporated into a scheme to optimize temperature in the simulation of a continuous packed-bed reactor operation with chitin-immobilized lactase, based on an annual cost objective function. Optimum temperature was 20°C at enzyme replacement of 25% residual activity, and increased only slightly at higher replacement frequencies. The effect of modulation factors on reactor design and temperature optimization is presented and discussed. Software for temperature optimization that allows the introduction of variations in all parameters and operational criteria to perform sensitivity analysis was developed.
Why do pitched horizontal lines have such a small effect on visually perceived eye level

In two experiments, visually perceived eye level (VPEL) was measured while subjects viewed two-dimensional displays that were either upright or pitched 20 degrees top-toward or 20 degrees top-away from them. In Experiment 1, it was demonstrated that binocular exposure to a pair of pitched vertical lines or to a pitched random dot pattern caused a substantial upward VPEL shift for the top-toward pitched array and a similarly large downward shift for the top-away array. On the other hand, the same pitches of a pair of horizontal lines (viewed binocularly or monocularly) produced much smaller VPEL shifts. Because the perceived pitch of the pitched horizontal line display was nearly the same as the perceived pitch of the pitched vertical line and dot array, the relatively small influence of pitched horizontal lines on VPEL cannot be attributed simply to an underestimation of their pitch. In Experiment 2, the effects of pitched vertical lines, dots, and horizontal lines on VPEL were again measured, together with their effects on resting gaze direction (in the vertical dimension). As in Experiment 1, vertical lines and dots caused much larger VPEL shifts than did horizontal lines. The effects of the displays on resting gaze direction were highly similar to their effects on VPEL. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that VPEL shifts caused by pitched visual arrays are due to the direct influence of these arrays on the oculomotor system and are not mediated by perceived pitch.
97Ru-transferrin uptake in tumor and abscess.

The uptake of97Ru-transferrin (Ru-TF) in tumor and abscess bearing animals was compared with67Ga-citrate (Ga),123I-transferrin (I-TF), and several other plasma proteins. Maximal concentration in tumor of Ru-TF in mice was three times higher than67Ga-citrate (16.80±4.20 vs 5.08±0.58% D/g) although it occurred later (24 h compared with67Ga which reached its maximum 2 h after injection). Whole body autoradiography (WBARG) with103Ru-transferrin (103Ru-TF) in tumor and abscess bearing rats demonstrated details of the distribution within these lesions. Turpentine-induced abscesses in the rabbits could be visualized with the gamma camera as early as 30 min post-injection of Ru-TF. It seems, therefore, that Ru-TF can be used for tumor and abscess localization. The results indicate that Ru-TF may have some advantages over67Ga-citrate because of the higher concentration in the lesions.123I-transferrin reached a concentration in tumor similar to67Ga (6.89±1.67 vs 5.08±0.58% D/g) but had a very low tumor to blood ratio (0.64). The three compounds investigated (Ru-TF, I-TF and ionic Ga, which binds instantaneously to TF in vivo) have a common lignad, transferrin. It appears, therefore, that tumor affinity is a property of the radionuclide-ligand complex rather than of the radionuclide itself.
Textbooks and Software Used to Teach Behavioral Science and Clinical Psychiatry to Medical Students

The authors discuss the results of a questionnaire sent to medical schools to assess textbooks and computer software used in teaching behavioral science and clinical psychiatry. Attributes concerning presentation, theoretical viewpoints, and topics covered were rated by 75 respondents. Certain texts emerged as frequently used. Although the books rated will become outdated, consumers can use the assessment attributes from the questionnaire to examine forthcoming texts. Authors considering new books or revisions may want to know why certain books are popular and to address areas identified as weak in existing textbooks. The software market needs entrees.
Experimental fragility curves for aluminum storm panels subject to windborne debris impact

Abstract This paper presents the derivation of experimental fragility curves for windborne debris (WBD) impact risk assessment of aluminum storm panels within a recently developed performance-based hurricane engineering (PBHE) framework. By using a pneumatic wind cannon, rod-type WBDs were fired at aluminum storm panels to evaluate the effects of WBD impact hazard. The experimental data from testing were used to derive the probability of failure relative to specific damage measures (DMs) versus its corresponding interaction parameter (IP). These experimentally derived probabilities were also compared with finite element-based results that were available in the literature. It was found that the impact kinetic energy of rod-type missiles is a sufficient IP for aluminum storm panels subjected to WBD impact, the probability of penetration of aluminum storm panels is strongly dependent on the details of the panels׳ installation, and the numerical results available in the literature regarding the fragility curves of storm panels are qualitatively representative of the behavior of aluminum storm panels subject to WBD impact. It is noteworthy that accurate fragility curves are essential in the development of a general probabilistic performance-based engineering framework for mitigation of WBD impact hazard.
Some sensitive and recording volumeters

Abstract A few types of volumeters of simple construction and operation, characterized by high sensitivity (both absolute and relative) are described. A Servo-system for automatically recording gas exchanges occurring in such volumeters was constructed. Full scale span of the recorder used could be arranged to represent from 10 −2 μl upwards, with an uncertainty in the order of one percent of full scale. The recording system can be generally used for applications in which a fluid meniscus serves as a null detector, the sensitivity amounting to a few μ displacement.
Inhibition of p53-mediated transactivation and cell cycle arrest by E1A through its p300/CBP-interacting region

Cellular transformation by the adenovirus E1A oncoprotein requires its p300/CBP- and Rb-binding domains. We mapped inhibition of p53-mediated transactivation to the p300/CBP-binding region of E1A. An E1A mutant incapable of physically interacting with Rb retained the capacity to inhibit transactivation by p53, whereas E1A mutants of the p300/CBP-interacting domain failed to inhibit p53. The inhibitory effect of the p300/CBP-binding region of E1A on p53 was demonstrated with p53-activated reporters and endogenous p53 targets such as p21WAF1/CIP1 or MDM2. E1A lacking the capacity to interact with Rb, but capable of p300/CBP interaction, was competent in suppression of a DNA-damage activated p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint. Exogenous CBP and p300 were able to individually relieve E1A's inhibitory effect on p53-mediated transcription. Mutants of E1A that are not capable of interacting with p300 or CBP were found to efficiently stabilize endogenous p53 but were not competent in repression of p21 expression thus dissociating these two effects of E1A. Our results suggest that the p300/CBP-binding domain of E1A inhibits a p53-dependent cellular response which normally inhibits DNA replication following Adenovirus infection.
Infantile systemic hyalinosis

Infantile systemic hyaloinosis is a rare, progressive, and fatal disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. We describe 2 patients in whom thickened skin; small nodules of the perianal region, face, and neck; joint contractures; growth failure; diarrhea; and frequent infections developed within the first few weeks of life. Both patients died before 2 years of age.
Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation

This is an examination of the Med Plan, a largely successful and acclaimed international effort to co-ordinate the marine pollution control practices of the Mediterranean countries through regional treaties, research and monitoring, integrated policies and administrative and budgetary support. The study concludes that the Plan proves that international co-operation and convergent state policies are possible and that the Plan may signal the emergence of an entirely new, international political order for the environment.
Systemic retention of ingested cantharidin by frogs

Frogs(Rana pipiens) fed on blister beetles (Meloidae) or cantharidin, retain cantharidin systemically. After cessation of feeding, they void the compound relatively quickly. Systemic cantharidin does not protect frogs against ectoparasitic feeding by leeches(Hirudo medicinalis) or predation by snakes(Nerodia sipedon). As suggested by our data, and from reports in the early literature, ingestion of cantharidin-containing frogs can pose a health threat to humans.
Formal synthesis of (+)-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (KDN) via desymmetrization by ring-closing metathesis.

Formal synthesis of the naturally occurring deaminated sialic acid KDN, a potential oncofetal antigen, has been accomplished in 45% overall yield via a novel ketalization/ring-closing metathesis sequence. The rapid introduction of all oxygen functionality in a completely stereocontrolled manner exploited a rigid 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene ring system. This general synthetic strategy should provide access to a number of KDN and sialic acid analogues.
Galvanotactic control of collective cell migration in epithelial monolayers

Many normal and pathological biological processes involve the migration of epithelial cell sheets. This arises from complex emergent behaviour resulting from the interplay between cellular signalling networks and the forces that physically couple the cells. Here, we demonstrate that collective migration of an epithelium can be interactively guided by applying electric fields that bias the underlying signalling networks. We show that complex, spatiotemporal cues are locally interpreted by the epithelium, resulting in rapid, coordinated responses such as a collective U-turn, divergent migration, and unchecked migration against an obstacle. We observed that the degree of external control depends on the size and shape of the cell population, and on the existence of physical coupling between cells. Together, our results offer design and engineering principles for the rational manipulation of the collective behaviour and material properties of a tissue.
Predicaments, Dilemmas, and the Challenge of Knowledge

Many scholars define postcolonialism in terms of peoples who have too long been marginalized and disenfranchised now openly challenging and rejecting the dominant knowledge systems that rule the world. It is also about dismantling the institutions that produce and legitimize these knowledge systems (Anzaldua 1987; Cisneros, 1991; Freire, 1993; Lorde, 1984; Said, 2000; Minh-ha, 1989 & 1999).
Material Dependence of Plasma Radiation Produced by a Capillary Discharge

An experimental investigation has been conducted on the radiative heat transfer from an electrothermal‐ chemical plasma jet. The plasma jet was initiated by a 3.6-mg thin metallic wire within a 3.2 mm diameter and 26 mm long capillary. During the discharge of the 0.6 kJ of electrical energy, the plasma evolved from the capillary into an ambient air environment as an underexpanded supersonic jet that interacted with a stagnation plate. The effect of capillary and trigger wire materials on the radiative heat transfer between the plasma jet and stagnation plate was investigated. Experiments were conducted with nine different combinations of capillary and wire materials. Various diagnostic techniques were used, including heat flux and pressure gauges mounted on the stagnation plate, as well as a high-resolution charge-coupled device camera for flow visualization. A fused-silica window, placed about 1 mm above the gauges, ensured that only the radiative heat flux transmitted by the window was deduced. The results show that appreciable differences are present among the capillary and wire combinations, with a polycarbonate capillary and copper wire yielding the largest energy deposition in the substrate, whereas Teflon ® ‐nickel yielded the lowest. Nomenclature c p = specific heat, J/kg · K Iav = mean value of current, A Ipot = ionization potential, eV k = conductivity, W/m · K qmax = peak heat flux, W/m 2 q �� = heat flux, W/m 2
Developmental “movement disorders” and problem solving

Normal infants show a wide range of “atypical” movements. These, like the movements of atypical and normal adults, are best characterized as solutions to motor problems. Motor patterns alone may not be precise indicators of neurological status.
Automatic diagnosis for prostate cancer using run-length matrix method

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in US1. Quantitative assessment of prostate histology provides potential automatic classification of prostate lesions and prediction of response to therapy. Traditionally, prostate cancer diagnosis is made by the analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and histopathological images of biopsy samples under microscopes. In this application, we utilize a texture analysis method based on the run-length matrix for identifying tissue abnormalities in prostate histology. A tissue sample was collected from a radical prostatectomy, H&E fixed, and assessed by a pathologist as normal tissue or prostatic carcinoma (PCa). The sample was then subsequently digitized at 50X magnification. We divided the digitized image into sub-regions of 20 X 20 pixels and classified each sub-region as normal or PCa by a texture analysis method. In the texture analysis, we computed texture features for each of the sub-regions based on the Gray-level Run-length Matrix(GL-RLM). Those features include LGRE, HGRE and RPC from the run-length matrix, mean and standard deviation of the pixel intensity. We utilized a feature selection algorithm to select a set of effective features and used a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier to distinguish normal from PCa. In total, the whole histological image was divided into 42 PCa and 6280 normal regions. Three-fold cross validation results show that the proposed method achieves an average classification accuracy of 89.5% with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.48% and 89.49%, respectively.
Fault Diagnosis of the Asynchronous Machines Through Magnetic Signature Analysis Using Finite-Element Method and Neural Networks

This paper presents a method for the identification of winding failures in induction motors. The types of failures include unbalanced currents flowing into the motor and short-circuit of the winding. The radiated magnetic field of a typical induction motor was studied while various types of failures applied to the machine. The implementation was performed by applying different types of unbalanced currents flow into the machine. The fields were obtained from both numerical finite-element simulations as well as from experimental setups. The turn to terminal and turn to turn short-circuit of the motor's winding were studied. The frequency response of the 3-D finite-element (3DFE) model of the motor was implemented up to high-order frequencies. The numerical results were compared with the measurement results. The fields with unbalanced currents and short-circuit conditions were identified by studying the harmonic orders of the radiated magnetic fields. This was also implemented using artificial neural networks (ANN). The results show that the signature study of the experimental as well as the simulation models can be utilized for failure identification in electric motors with a high level of accuracy.
A Web tool for detecting matrix attachment regions

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are relatively short (100–1000 bp) sequences that anchor chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix. MARs often include origins of replication and can mark a concentrated area of transcription factor binding sites. MARs appear to be distributed throughout the genome. There is no known consensus sequence for MARs, although rapid biological assays to confirm function have been developed[1xKramer, J. and Krawetz, S. Biotechniques. 1997; 22: 826–828PubMedSee all References[1].A mathematical tool called MAR-Finder (http://www.ncgr.org/MarFinder) has been developed for the detection of MARs (Ref. [2xSingh, G., Kramer, J., and Krawetz, S. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997; 25: 1419–1425Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (162)See all References[2]). The tool is now available for public use through the Web site at the National Center for Genome Resources. The search parameters are specified using the forms-based interface, and the help page provides a brief description and the default value for each parameter. Additionally, the site provides the users with a sequence upload capability. Using this paradigm, a user simply specifies the sequence to be analyzed by selecting a file on their local machine. The selected file may be in one of the several popular formats, namely, FASTA, GenBank, EMBL, GCG and so on. The sequence is automatically uploaded from the user's machine and processed by NCGR's Web server. Besides alleviating the need for format conversion at the user's end, this feature overcomes the limitations that some browsers pose on the size of the sequence that may be directly pasted on the form.We ask that the interested users obtain a password by visiting our Web site. The registration process requires the completion of a simple questionnaire and a password is immediately sent to the user via email. The primary motivation for password protection is to foster network security in cases where repeated bogus searches would bring down the system.