cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid endoscopic secretin stimulation test and discrimination of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer from disease controls.

Abstract Background & Aims: The cholecystokinin (CCK)/secretin pancreatic function tests to diagnose pancreatic exocrine insufficiency are time consuming and invasive. Our aim was to develop a rapid pancreatic function test performed during upper endoscopy that could discriminate between patients with normal from impaired exocrine pancreatic secretion. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 412 patients for possible pancreatic diseases. During upper endoscopy, 1 CU/kg of secretin was given intravenously and duodenal juice (collected for 10 min) was assayed for concentrations of bicarbonate and lipolytic and trypsin activity. Final diagnosis was by histology, imaging, and a previously validated scoring system (for chronic pancreatitis). Of 412 patients, 117 patients had normal pancreas, 72 patients had chronic pancreatitis, and 116 patients had pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The remaining 107 patients had miscellaneous disease of the peripancreatic region. In 28 patients we also validated the secretin test with the standard CCK pancreatic function test. Results: There was no difference between bicarbonate or trypsin concentrations among the groups. Lipolytic concentration was significantly lower in chronic pancreatitis (115 ± 18) and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (87 ± 10) compared with patients with normal pancreas (229 ± 23; P P r = 0.41, P Conclusions: Lipolytic concentration in duodenal juice after intravenous secretin collected for 10 minutes during upper endoscopy was significantly lower in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared with patients with normal pancreas, but was not accurate enough for routine clinical use.
Demonstration of electro-optical switching at the 26 cm × 26 cm aperture using plasma electrodes

We have constructed and tested a longitudinal Pockels cell with a clear aperture of 26 cm × 26 cm. Transparent plasma electrodes formed in a low-pressure glow discharge were used to apply a uniform electric field to a 1-cm-thick KDP crystal. Optical switching times of 50 nsec were achieved with a bare KDP crystal. Significant improvement in switching time resulted from using a glass-plate–KDP-crystal sandwich.
Identification of Ultracentrifugal Components in Human Plasminogen Preparations

SAMPLES of human plasminogen, prepared according to the method of Kline1, have been subjected to ultracentrifugal analysis2. The patterns observed contained two sedimenting peaks. The slower peak constituted approximately 70 per cent of the total area and had a sedimentation constant, s 20,w, of 4.28 S, extrapolated to infinite dilution. The faster peak, which was much broader and resolved poorly from the main component, had a sedimentation constant of about 7–10 S. It was merely assumed that plasminogen was to be identified with the 4.3 S-component, and on this basis, along with other data, molecular size and shape were estimated. We now report direct evidence to substantiate this assumption.
Targeting of viral glycoproteins to the Golgi complex

Certain enveloped viruses are known to assemble on membranes of the Golgi complex. Intracellular budding is facilitated by targeting of the viral glycoproteins to this organelle. It is likely that these viral glycoproteins are retained in the Golgi by the same means as are endogenous Golgi proteins. Consequently, the study of Golgi-specific viral proteins has provided important clues to the nature of Golgi retention signals.
A hybrid finite element-boundary element method for the analysis of diffractive elements

We apply a two-dimensional hybrid finite element-boundary element method to the analysis of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). We use the finite element method to solve Helmholtz's equation in the interior of a DOE and use the boundary element method, a Green's function approach, to determine the fields exterior to the DOE. We couple the two methods at the DOE surface by enforcing field continuity conditions. We validate our implementation by comparing its results to the analytic solution for diffraction from a dielectric cylinder and to the scalar solution for far-field diffraction from a dielectric slab. We use the hybrid method to analyse the diffraction from an eight-level phase lens and a binary-phase lens that has subwavelength features.
What Makes a Difference? Various Teaching Strategies to Reduce Homophobia in University Students

This study sought to determine how effective lectures, discussion, small group problem-solving, explicit films, and a gay-lesbian panel might be in reducing homophobia. At five selected times during a human sexuality course, three instruments were administered measuring attitudes toward gays and lesbians, same-sex sexual and affectional behavior, and the self-esteem of student respondents. No one teaching strategy emerged as superior to any other but, rather, all yielded decreased scores on homophobia and increased scores on self-esteem over the course.
R70-38 The Time Required for Group Multiplication

Applying some simple, easily understood principles, Spira, in extending some earlier work of Winograd, points the way to a powerful theory of computation complexity. Spira considers a (d, r) combinational network which is an interconnection of r-input, single-output modules, with each input-output line carrying a value from the set {0, 1, ⋯ , d -1}. A finite function φ: X1 × X2 × ⋯ Xn→Y is to be computed, but it is assumed that before the inputs are inserted into the network, each input can be individually (and arbitrarily) transformed by a set of maps gj: Xj→Ij. It is also assumed that there is a 1-1 output map h: Y→Oc, so in practice the (d, r) network will have as input [g1(x), ⋯, gn(xn)] and as output h(φ(x1, ⋯, xn)). The problem is to bound the number of levels required of the network. Given a φ for a particular output mapping, it is not difficult to specify a lower bound on the number of levels required, by identifying for each output line the number of different values of input variables which yield a different output value. The minimum number of levels required for each output line is then evaluated by noting that an output at level z can depend on at most r' input lines whence the output line requiring the most levels provides the bound.
Modeling Nonlinear Dark Current Behavior in CCDs

A model explaining nonlinear time dependence of pixels in charge-coupled device (CCD) pixels is presented. The model describes the movement of the pixel's depletion edge based on varying quantities of signal charge. Dynamic depletion edges will affect dark current collected by pixels with impurities located in the region of movement of the edge. The model attempts to address nonlinear behavior of dark current with respect to exposure time well below the saturation level seen in some CCD imagers. Modeling an imager by giving pixels varying number of impurities and depths of those impurities, assuming a uniform distribution, leads to characteristic behavior observed in the imagers.
Mask-induced polarization

The objective of this paper is to study the polarization induced by mask structures. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) was used to study the interaction of electromagnetic waves with mask features. RCWA allows the dependence of polarization effects of various wavelengths of radiation on grating pitch, profile, material, and thickness to be studied. The results show that for the five different mask materials examined, the material properties, mask pitch, and illumination all have a large influence on how the photomask polarizes radiation.
Estimating Heston's and Bates’ models parameters using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation

Heston's model and Bates’ model are very important in option pricing. It is mentioned in Mendoza's paper [Bayesian estimation and option mispricing (job market paper). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2011] that Mexican Stock Exchange introduced options over its main index (the Indice de Precios y Cotizaciones) in 2004 which used Heston's model to price options on days when there was no trading. The estimation of the parameters in both models is not easy. One of the methods is Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm (MCMC for short). In this paper, we adopt Li, Wells and Yu's MCMC algorithm [A Bayesian analysis of return dynamics with levy jumps. Rev Financ Stud. 2008;21(5):2345–2377]. We provide the necessary derivation utilizing prior distributions since they are otherwise unavailable in the literature. As Li et al. used their model to analyse S&P 500 data from 2 January 1980 to 29 December 2000, we likewise recreate their analysis, this time using data from 1987 to 2012. We would like t...
Risk-Efficient Monopoly Pricing for the Multiproduct Firm

The theory of monopoly pricing in a riskless setting has been the subject of numerous studies. In a static setting with multiple groups of customers, one obtains the familiar differential pricing based on demand elasticities, while an intertemporal interpretation leads to the familiar peak-load pricing model with the attendant peak vs. off-peak pricing implications. Monopoly pricing theory under risk has received much less attention, yet actual monopolies such as telephone, electric power, natural gas, and transportation are characterized by multiproduct firms. In addition, a risk-efficient mix formulation can be applied to such diverse problems as selecting customers (insurance risk pooling), product line design or choice of which markets to enter, and as considering the marketing and revenue implications of merger-acquisition partners. By and large, studies of monopoly pricing in the face of uncertain demand have dealt with single-productfirms,' with two exceptions. An early paper by P. Dhrymes considers a multiproduct firm facing random prices.2 Following the now classic contribution by Mills, R. Meyer3 considers a multiproduct firm that must choose prices and output before actual demand is known for the case of uncorrelated demands and that must face constant costs using a riskneutral criterion, thus generalizing the familiar peak-load pricing models to allow for stochastic demands. This paper extends multiproduct monopoly pricing under risk by allowing for both correlated and uncorrelated demands under quite general cost conditions. In addition, contemporary financial market equilibrium theory is brought into play to represent the firm's objective in terms of the market value of the firm under risk. The fa-
ESTIMATING A GENERAL DISEQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR

s of Doctoral Dissertations 1383 nominal interest rates, and the primary forecasting error was an unrealized massive shift out of money holdings into interest bearing assets. This suggests that the primary problem may have been that the variation in interest rates was too large to maintain the assumption of linearity in the demand equations. This work also verified the anticipated severity of multicollinearity problems and confirmed the need for a vigorous use of a priori parameter constraints, perhaps via a mixed estimation or fully Bayesian approach. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.249 on Wed, 03 Aug 2016 04:48:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
The distribution of titanium on the lunar surface

Titanium concentrations derived from the lunar-orbiting gamma-ray experiment on Apollo 15 and 16 by analyzing a spectral interval in which the titanium signal is relatively enhanced are presented. Landing site soil values provide the reference for a regression curve from which Ti concentrations in 137 regions of adequate counting statistics are calculated. Mare Tranquillitatis contains the highest, and Mare Crisium the lowest Ti concentration, and regional values in the western maria range from 1.1% to 4.1%. Highland Ti concentrations suggest a north-south symmetry which is not consistent with previously reported Fe and Th results. Comparisons with telescopic spectral reflectance studies of the maria do not show complete agreement and suggest that effects due to Fe may not have been fully removed from the reflectance data.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY SPILLOVERS IN US MANUFACTURING

This research examines how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) impacts manufacturing productivity in select industries across US regions. Although some evidence has documented the phenomenon of knowledge spillovers to national economies, little is known about how the regional penetration of foreign investment affects the productivity performance of local firms. The analysis proceeds in a novel fashion by adjusting aggregate data on industry operating statistics to “net out” the contaminating influence of foreign firms producing in each of the host regional economies. A cross section of state-by-industry observations is used to estimate labor productivity, controlling for FDI penetration both by region and by industry. In general, the results demonstrate that domestic firms do not reap productivity gains as a result of a larger presence of foreign affiliates. Related research efforts, although not specifically concerned with the regional transmission of FDI spillovers, offer corroborative support for these findings.
Evaluating the online networking relationships between preceptors and pharmacy students

Abstract Objective To describe pharmacy preceptors' use of Facebook and compare the perspectives of those with and without Facebook profiles regarding student–preceptor relationships. Methods A survey was sent electronically to pharmacy practice preceptors ( n = 2523) at four colleges of pharmacy asking them to provide their opinions on the student–preceptor Facebook relationship. If respondents answered "yes" to having a Facebook profile, they were asked 12 questions. If respondents answered "no", they were asked two questions. Demographic data were collected from all the respondents. Two reminder emails were sent before the survey closed after 24 days. Results Of the 612 total respondents (response rate=24.3%), 413 preceptors (67%) currently maintain a Facebook page, while 199 (33%) do not. The majority of those with a Facebook profile (93%) use it for social networking, 27% use it for professional networking or campaigning, and 6% use it to collaborate with colleagues. Fifty-four percent of the preceptors with a Facebook profile are not friends with students on Facebook, while 46% are, although 10% of responders do limit what the student can view on their profile. Responses were highly varied when asked how they would handle a "friend request," including accept it right away, after some thought, or simply decline it. Conclusion As the use of these social media sites increases, the need arises for preceptors to discuss and/or clearly define the appropriateness of social networking relationships without compromising the line between the personal and professional relationships with pharmacy students.
Risk Factors for Alcohol-Related Problems Among Victims of Partner Violence

Despite the high prevalence of alcohol-related problems and disorders among women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV), factors related to current alcohol use are understudied. We examined current risk factors for alcohol-related problems among 143 substance-using, IPV-exposed women recruited from an urban community from 2007 to 2010. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity was associated with alcohol-related problems and a positive alcohol screen; physical IPV severity was related to alcohol dependence. Post hoc analyses revealed that PTSD symptom severity mediated relationships between physical IPV severity and hazardous, harmful, and dependent drinking. Focusing on managing PTSD symptoms and physical IPV in community-based interventions may halt the progression from alcohol use to dependence.
First Successful Introduction of the Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) to the United States

The Golden Pheasant, Chrysolophus pictus (L.), was introduced to Maui, Hawai'i, as recently as the mid-1990s and has been found at three locations on the windward slope of East Maui between 1,700 and 2,400 m in elevation. I contacted researchers, land managers, and hunting guides who worked in areas inhabited by Golden Pheasants from 1990 through 2012 and compiled their notes to determine the approximate time and location of introduction and range of the species, in addition to investigating the possibility of the establishment of the species on Maui. The species was probably released at Waikamoi Preserve, and detection frequency increased there since the discovery of the species in 1996. Evidence of reproduction during 2010–2012 suggests that a small breeding population is established at Waikamoi Preserve. Since the first detection in 1996, the linear range of the Golden Pheasant expanded to two additional areas, Hanawī Natural Area Reserve and Haleakalā National Park, encompassing a dispersal area of at least 10 km. Total area occupied by Golden Pheasants is estimated at around 40 ha at Waikamoi Preserve and 6.5 ha at Hanawi Natural Area Reserve.
Hemicentral Retinal Artery Occlusion

In my anatomical study of 106 human central retinal artery (CRA) [1, 2], I found two specimens with two CRAs, each arising independently from the ophthalmic artery (Fig. 14.1). In one of these specimens, the two CRAs pierced the sheath of the optic nerve 12 mm and 5 mm behind the eyeball on its inferolateral aspect and then ran independently in the optic nerve up to the optic disc. At the optic disc, the two joined to form a loop, from the summit of which arose terminal branches which followed the usual course. In the second specimen, the two CRAs arose independently from the ophthalmic artery, and they united to form one trunk at the point of entry into the sheath of the optic nerve. As far as I know, there has not been any other report with anatomical proof of the presence of two CRAs in the same eye.
17.3: aSi:H Thinfilm Transistors with a New Hybrid Dielectric Highly Stable under Mechanical and Electrical Stress

A resilient, homogeneous, hybrid of silicon dioxide and silicone polymer deposited at roomtemperature replaces the conventional, brittle, silicon nitride barrier layer and gate insulator in amorphous silicon thinfilm transistorsaSi:H TFTs on flexible polyimide foil. The electron fieldeffect mobility is high at 1.6 cm2/V⋅s, and the threshold voltage shift under high gate bias is comparable to that in conventional aSi:H/SiNx TFTs fabricated at 300°C. The substhreshold slope is 290 mV/decade. The new transistors are highly flexible, as they can be bent down to 0.5 mm radius 5% strain in tension and down to 1mm radius 2.5% strain in compression. These TFTs qualify for rollout screens of handheld devices.
Pattern recognition of the selection sort algorithm

The field of program understanding attempts to determine the function of a code segment without programmer intervention and for this to occur, it is necessary to have a model (plan) against which to attempt to match the code segment of interest. This paper traces in detail the pattern recognition of the selection sort algorithm.
Current developments and funding opportunities in life sciences education.

Both the disciplines of biology and of science education have undergone a revolution. The major focus of the biological sciences—understanding life—remains unchanged, but breakthrough discoveries of the second half of the 20th century have changed the basic nature of the questions asked, whereas new and emerging technologies are changing the ways key questions are addressed (National Research Council [NRC], 2008 , 2009 ). In undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, new approaches and new technologies are also emerging based on evolving theories of learning (Donovan et al., 1999 ; NRC, 1999 , 2003 ). New developments in the nature of institutions of higher education have changed the manner in which people pursue higher education, and there is a growing appreciation of the need to broaden participation within the sciences by advancing the education of all students, including those from underrepresented groups and those who will enter careers other than those related to science. There is also a growing realization of the necessity to fully inform and educate all students about the wealth of professions available to those who study the sciences and about the way science is done (Alberts, 2008 ). This is an exciting time to be a biologist, to participate in the revolution within the sciences, and to be able to find and implement new ways to impart the excitement of biology to others. The purpose of this column is to provide readers of CBE—Life Sciences Education with an update on funding opportunities at the National Science Foundation (NSF) to support innovative programs in life sciences education.
Free-choice worksheets increase students' exposure to curriculum during museum visits

The museum visit is an important part of elementary school science teaching. However, a divide exists between teachers, who require curricular accountability, and museums, who emphasize free-choice exploration. Can a carefully constructed worksheet bridge this divide by providing free-choice exploration of curricular topics during the museum visit? In the present study, a theoretical framework was constructed to inform the design of worksheets as free-choice learning devices. This framework was used to analyze the design of an existing museum worksheet. Subsequently, curriculum-related conversations among school groups visiting a museum were monitored in groups supplied with the worksheet and in control groups without. Overall, the worksheet complied well with design criteria synthesized from the free-choice learning literature. Furthermore, the use of the worksheet increased the number and diversity of curriculum-related conversations among school groups during the visit. This study documents that the use of carefully designed worksheets may increase students' exposure to curriculum during a museum visit, and thus may help build better bridges between teacher needs and museum free-choice identities. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1389–1414, 2007
Wartime citizenship: An argument for shared fate

This paper examines the connections among compatriots, their conceptualization and the effects that war has on the moral realities of nationality. Recent conceptions of citizenship, and particularl...
Lichen Type Specimens in the Duke University Herbarium

Abstract. An overview of the lichen type collection at the Duke University Herbarium (DUKE) is presented, including a list of holotypes of species described by lichenologists affiliated with Duke, as well as types from the Harmand Herbarium collection at Duke. Online access to lichen type specimen data is available via the Duke University Herbarium website (http://www.biology.duke.edu/herbarium/lichen.html).
“Behind the Lines” in Edith Wharton's A Son at the Front: Rewriting a Masculinist Tradition

A Son at the Front is the story of a war fought, as Edith Wharton said, “from the rear,” a war in which the art of portrait painting becomes a deadly weapon. In John Campton's World War I Paris, where the fashionable portrait painter wields his paintings in a behind the lines battle to gain, as he says, “possession” of his grown son, Wharton probes the sexual politics underlying the development of modernist aesthetics by writing a new kind of war novel. The novel invokes and then questions a central trope of the fiction and poetry that, until recently, has been identified as The Literature of the Great War.
Developmental Regulation of Chlamydia trachomatis Class I Accessible Protein–1, a CD8+ T Cell Antigen

In this report, we show that the Chlamydia trachomatis-specific CD8+ T cell antigen class I accessible protein-1 (Cap1) is expressed during the early stages of the C. trachomatis developmental cycle. We provide additional evidence suggesting that Cap1 may be important in early immune recognition of the organism. Understanding the temporal and spatial expression of CD8+ T cell antigens such as Cap1 may be beneficial in designing multisubunit vaccines to stimulate a vigorous immune response against C. trachomatis.
A Tutorial on the Receiving and Scattering Properties of Antennas

A tutorial discussion on the receiving and scattering properties of antennas is presented. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive tutorial overview of the subject, in conjunction with circuit calculations and numerical simulations that illustrate the fundamental concepts of how antennas behave as both receivers and scatterers of electromagnetic fields and power. The paper begins with a discussion of the basic concepts associated with antenna impedance, as these are fundamental to understanding the antenna's receiving and scattering properties, particularly over a wide range of frequencies, where the circuit properties of the antenna differ. The definitions of aperture efficiency, absorption efficiency, and the validity of using either a Thevenin or Norton equivalent circuit to determine both received and total scattered power are discussed. Circuit circulations and numerical simulations, determining both total received and scattered powers, are presented for a number of antennas, including a straight-wide dipole, a circular loop, a reflector-backed dipole, and a Yagi antenna. We show that Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits have limited validity when used to determine the total power scattered by a basic antenna element such as the dipole and loop. For the general antenna, these equivalent circuit models are not valid for determining the total scattered power.
Achieving Full Ascent Abort Coverage with the Dream Chaser Space System

The Dream Chaser program is on a path towards simulating full ascent abort coverage. This capability includes ending an abort scenario with a runway landing and will improve crew safety compared to historical programs. Results included in this paper show a portion of the analysis completed to date and provide rationale for high confidence in the Dream Chaser abort design. Also included in this paper are the abort analysis methodology and a review of future work.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF FREE UPGRADE POLICY

We consider a firm selling two similar products with different prices. When the lower-priced product is out of stock, the firm supplies the customer a higher-priced product with the lower-priced product price. The policy is called free upgrade. In this paper, we study the profitability of such policy. We formulate the problem as a two-product newsvendor problem, and prove that the firm achieves more profit with the free upgrade policy. We propose a simulation algorithm to find the solution and demonstrate our findings with some numerical examples.
Phenylethynylcopper(I)–Tris(tributylphosphine)†

[58659-24-8] C44H86CuP3 (MW 771.76) InChI = 1S/3C12H27P.C8H5.Cu/c3*1-4-7-10-13(11-8-5-2)12-9-6-3;1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8;/h3*4-12H2,1-3H3;3-7H; InChIKey = LARMQCMXVQGSKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carbionic agent for formation of phenylpropiolates;2 reversible CO2 uptake carrier3) Alternate Name: copper(I) phenylacetylide–tributylphosphine. Physical Data: prepared in situ. Solubility: sol THF, pyridine, DMF. Preparative Method: metalation of phenylacetylene with Copper(I) tert-Butoxide followed by addition of Tri-n-butylphosphine in THF.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: all copper(I) acetylides are potentially explosive when dry. Use in a fume hood.
Variability of observed reverberation and estimated sea-floor scattering strength

Sea-floor acoustic scattering strength measurements are useful for understanding the observed reverberation in active sonar systems and for estimating sea-floor bottom properties. Observed reverberation and resulting measured scattering strength frequently show a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This variability may be observed on short, sample-to-sample, times scales from a single time series, or it may manifest itself as longer term variability of measurements made at a single location or over a survey area. Causal mechanisms for this variability include a dynamic fluctuating ocean media, multipath, complex bathymetry and the use of non-stationary sensors for making these measurements. The results presented in this paper leverage previous work by the Sonar Acoustic Boundary Loss Estimation (SABLE) project. Several examples of how this approach can be used to investigate variability in derived Lambert coefficients and scatter strengths are presented for a dataset constructed from sonar beam data obtained over a limited geographic area. These examples are illustrative of approaches that can potentially be developed as a means of quality control in processing of large datasets from non-research sonar systems.
A Review of Work Schedule Issues and Musculoskeletal Disorders with an Emphasis on the Healthcare Sector

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a significant cause of morbidity in healthcare workers. The influence of shift work and long work hours on risk for MSDs is an area that needs further exploration. The purpose of this report is to assess research progress and gaps across studies that examined the relationship between demanding work schedules and MSD outcomes. A literature search identified 23 peer-reviewed publications in the English language that examined MSDs and long work hours, shift work, extended work shifts, mandatory overtime, or weekend work. Eight studies that examined long work hours and had some controls for physical job demands reported a significant increase in one or more measures of MSDs. Fourteen studies examining shift work had incomparable methods and types of shift work, and therefore, no clear trends in findings were identified. A small number of studies examined mandatory overtime, work on weekends and days off, and less than 10 h off between shifts. Given the complexity of the work schedule research topic, relatively few studies have adequately examined the relationship of work schedules and musculoskeletal outcomes. The review discusses research gaps including methodological issues and suggests research priorities.
Can Single Processes Explain Effects of Postnatal Influences on Primate Development

The modern study of behavioral development grew under the Freudian principle that early postnatal experience shapes adult human behavior. Later experience, although important for acquiring specific skills, abilities, and knowledge, does not have the primacy and permanence of early influences. This view was strengthened by Spitz (1945), who showed that human infants reared in institutions under deprived social and sensory conditions had markedly abnormal patterns of early development. Studies by Bowlby (1973) also suggested that infancy experience had a major influence on later attachment and social behavior. The pioneering experimental studies of Harry and Margaret Harlow (1965) on rhesus monkeys raised in total social isolation confirmed the results from these human studies. Rhesus isolates developed species-atypical individual and social behaviors which persisted into adulthood. With this nonhuman primate evidence, the theory that early experience is critical for species-typical primate behavior became a textbook fact.
Arthroscopic Repair of a Glenoid Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligament.

Injury to the glenohumeral capsulolabral complex is the critical lesion in anterior shoulder instability. Various injury patterns have been described including the classic Bankart lesion, the bony Bankart lesion, and humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament. A rare injury variant is a glenoid avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (GAGL lesion). Careful patient setup and surgical technique are required to identify and arthroscopically repair these lesions. We describe a suture anchor–based arthroscopic GAGL repair performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position through standard anterior and posterior portals and an accessory posterolateral 7-o'clock portal.
Understanding the experience of driving with a passenger with aphasia

Background: Drivers and passengers often spend a great deal of time conversing when riding in a personal automobile. Under most circumstances, drivers are easily able to maintain a conversation with their passengers while safely operating their vehicle. However, this task may be challenging when the passenger riding in the car has aphasia since many people with aphasia supplement their limited verbal output with other communication modalities, such as writing, gesturing, and using body language.Aims: The aim of this paper is to describe the experience of driving a personal automobile when a passenger with aphasia is riding in the car.Methods & Procedures: A phenomenological approach was used to gain an understanding of the lived experience of driving a car with a passenger with aphasia. Nine people who regularly serve as the primary drivers of a person with aphasia were interviewed twice using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Outcomes & Results: Three main them...
The Second Moment of Sums of Coefficients of Cusp Forms

Abstract Let f and g be weight k holomorphic cusp forms and let S f ( n ) and S g ( n ) denote the sums of their first n Fourier coefficients. Hafner and Ivic [9] proved asymptotics for ∑ n ≤ X | S f ( n ) | 2 and proved that the Classical Conjecture, that S f ( X ) ≪ X k − 1 2 + 1 4 + ϵ , holds on average over long intervals. In this paper, we introduce and obtain meromorphic continuations for the Dirichlet series D ( s , S f × S g ) = ∑ S f ( n ) S g ( n ) ‾ × n − ( s + k − 1 ) and D ( s , S f × S g ‾ ) = ∑ n S f ( n ) S g ( n ) n − ( s + k − 1 ) . We then prove asymptotics for the smoothed second moment sums ∑ S f ( n ) S g ( n ) ‾ e − n / X , giving a smoothed generalization of [9] . We also attain asymptotics for analogous sums of normalized Fourier coefficients. Our methodology extends to a wide variety of weights and levels, and comparison with [4] indicates very general cancellation between the Rankin–Selberg L -function L ( s , f × g ) and convolution sums of the coefficients of f and g . In forthcoming works, the authors apply the results of this paper to prove the Classical Conjecture on | S f ( n ) | 2 is true on short intervals, and to prove sign change results on { S f ( n ) } n ∈ N .
Construct Independent Spanning Trees on Chordal Rings with Multiple Chords

Two spanning trees of a given graph G = (V, E) are said to be independent if they are rooted at the same vertex, say r, and for each vertex v ∈ V ∖ {r} two paths from r to v, one path in each tree, are internally disjoint. A set of spanning trees of G is said to be independent if they are pairwise independent. In 1989, Zehavi and Itai have conjectured that any k-connected graph has k independent spanning trees rooted at an arbitrary vertex. This conjecture is still open for k > 4.
Study design to evaluate cognitive behavioral therapy among a diverse sample of adults with a first -time DUI offense

Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is a major public health concern, and many individuals continue to drink and drive even after being convicted of a DUI offense. Latinos, in particular, are disproportionately likely to be arrested for a DUI, have higher rates of recidivism, and are more likely to die in alcohol-related accidents than non-Latino Whites. Latinos also experience significant disparities in accessing alcohol-related treatment. This study protocol paper describes a randomized trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) compared to usual care in DUI programs for individuals with a first-time offense and at-risk drinking. We will utilize a two-group randomized design where individuals enrolled in a DUI program with a first-time conviction will be randomized to CBT (n = 150) or usual care (n = 150). Participants will be assessed at baseline, immediately post-treatment, and 6-months post-treatment. Recidivism data will be collected using administrative data within 2 years post-treatment. This project has the potential to benefit a large population of vulnerable individuals who are at risk of DUI recidivism. It also develops a new model of care by providing treatment in DUI programs to reduce disparities associated with poor treatment access. Trial registration NCT02588703
A New Species of Beamerella (Acari: Trombiculidae) from the Leaf-Chinned Bat, Mormoops Megalophylla, in Colombia

Beamerella latiscuta , n. sp. is described from the Leaf-chinned Bat, Mormoops megalophylla , taken in Colombia. A key to the species of Beamerella is given.
Sets of disjoint lines in PG(3, q)

Let ∑ be a projective space PG(3, q) of dimension 3 and finite order q. Then ∑ contains (q + 1)(q2 + 1) points and an equal number of planes, and (q2 + 1) (q2 + q + 1) lines. It will be convenient to consider lines and planes as sets of points and to treat the incidence relation as set inclusion. Each plane contains q2 + q + 1 points and an equal number of lines. Each line contains q + 1 points and is contained in an equal number of planes. Each point is contained in q2 + q + 1 planes and an equal number of lines. A spread of lines of ∑ is a set of q2 + 1 lines of ∑ which are pairwise disjoint, or skew; it can also be defined as a set of lines such that each point (or each plane) is incident with exactly one of the lines.
Jalysus spinosus: Effect of Insecticide Treatments on This Predator of Tobacco Pests

Carbofuran and disulfoton applied as pretransplant soil treatments lowered the densities of the insect predator Jalysus spinosus (Say) throughout the season. Dipel® ( Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti Toumananoff & Vago, serotype Kirstaki (HD-l), and carbaryl sprays did not reduce the numbers of J. spinosus , but other foliar materials tested depressed populations of adults for 1–3 weeks and densities of nymphs for 3–5 weeks. Other insect predators were too scarce to permit statistical comparison of differences.
Using an emittance exchanger as a bunch compressor

A general architecture of an emittance exchanger (EEX) is considered, where the horizontal and longitudinal phase spaces are exchanged. A family of designs is described which can lead to extremely short final longitudinal lengths, even subfemtosecond. Using higher-order particle simulations, a preferred configuration is found, which has better compression capability and less emittance growth than the standard EEX design at high beam energy. An alternative design is also found which eliminates any final energy-phase coupling. Features of compression using an EEX are significantly different than with a chicane because the final longitudinal phase space is decoupled from the initial longitudinal phase space. Advantages of using an EEX for compression include less susceptibility to the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) microbunch instability, less susceptibility to bunch length broadening from CSR effects, and elimination of the initial energy-phase correlation that is needed for compression using a chicane as well as any residual energy-phase correlation after compression. A key disadvantage of using an EEX is that the final horizontal emittance tends to strongly depend on the initial bunch length and beam energy.
Design and Implementation of Situation Theory-oriented Intention Recognition System

Supporting evolution is a development direction of modern service system. The precondition of service system evolution is to accurately acquire user requirements. It is always too hard for users to represent their requirements to system explicitly. However,the user intention represented during the interaction of users and system,implicates potential valuable service requirements. Therefore,the accurate recognition of user intention becomes an important content in service evolution research. Among most intention acquisition models,situation theory,which is a model using environmental context sequence and user behavior to describe user intention,is very suitable for user intention recognition in context-aware service system. In this paper,we designed a user intention recognition system based on situation theory. The system adopts pattern matching approach to recognize user intention according to the mapping relation of environment context,behavior context and situation. The service system captures user requirements based on user intention,and then provides more accurate service for user after evolution.
Recommendations for sexual expression management in long-term care: a qualitative needs assessment.

Aims To conduct a qualitative needs assessment of Directors of Nursing regarding challenges and recommendations for addressing sexual expression and consent. Background Sexual expression management among long-term care residents is a complex issue for nursing home staff. Little guidance is available for those wanting to follow a person-centred approach. Policies and procedures are needed, and must be usable across long-term care settings. Design Qualitative design for in-depth exploration. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 Directors of Nursing in the spring and summer of 2013, representing a range of regions, facility sizes and resident populations. Interview questions prompted them to identify recommendations that address challenges to improving sexual expression management in long-term care settings. Results Comparative thematic analysis resulted in several codes, which were grouped into eight overall categories. Recommendation categories that addressed key challenges included: address the issue, make environmental changes, identify staff expertise, provide education and training, assess sexuality initially and recurrently, establish policies/procedures for sexual expression management, develop assessment tools for sexual expression and consent, and clarify legal issues. The recommendation to develop national guidelines was observed across categories. Discussion Directors of Nursing report several challenges to sexual expression management in their facilities, and perceive their current methods to be ad hoc. A proactive approach to policy and procedure development is needed.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Optic Nerve Edema

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) continues to advance our understanding of the various diseases characterized by optic disc edema. In acute papilledema, OCT has demonstrated subretinal fluid extending from the optic disc to the subfoveal region, assisting in our understanding of the pathophysiology of vision loss in these cases. In evolving cases of optic disc edema, OCT of the RNFL can thus be an objective measurement of nerve swelling. By analyzing the ganglion cell complex, OCT can now help detect early axonal damage in optic nerve disease, even when the RNFL is edematous, and may be helpful in predicting visual outcomes. Finally, OCT has also proven to be a reliable tool in assisting clinicians in differentiating between cases of frank papilledema and pseudopapilledema, such that occurs in optic nerve head drusen, vitreopapillary traction, Bergmeister papilla, and myelinated nerve fiber layer.
“Melismas medievales” en Concierto Barroco: enumeración y artificiosidad de Alejo Carpentier

ABSTRACTThe distinction between condensation, proliferation, and substitution defines, according to Severo Sarduy, the tenets of the Latin American neobarroque movement. This article, though sympathetic to the ideas of Sarduy, aims at clarifying the terms in which Alejo Carpentier conducts a recreation and evocation of the baroque movement in Europe and America. Taking Leo Spitzer's definition of chaotic enumeration as a focal point, it aims to clarify the mechanisms of literary composition in Carpentier. It argues that Carpentier's vision relies on an absolute yet universal and inclusive role of America in the shaping of the modern world.
Clinical Manifestations of Sickle Cell Anemia: Infants and Children

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have varied clinical problems. The hallmark manifestation of SCD, the pain crisis, typically first occurs in early childhood presenting as dactylitis. Pain increases in frequency and severity as children age, especially during adolescence. Due to functional asplenia, children with SCD are at significantly increased risk for certain infections, most notably Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other infections like parvovirus B19 are also special threats and can trigger an aplastic crisis. Unique, potentially life-threatening acute complications like splenic sequestration and acute chest syndrome occur in these children. They are at risk for neurologic disease, the most serious being stroke. In addition, the chronic hemolysis of SCD causes gallstones, which can lead to biliary tract disease. Children with SCD also frequently face chronic issues that include nocturnal enuresis and decreased growth. Despite these many potential problems, with advances in care including antibiotic treatment, stroke screening, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea therapy, children with SCD rarely die in childhood and can become productive adults.
A World in Disorder

Contrary to the expectations generated by the end of the Cold War for a new rule-based world order, the world of the twenty-first century is increasingly governed by considerations of realpolitik. Major world powers have exhibited a dangerous tendency to resort to unilateralism in blatant disregard of the principles of the UN Charter. The present era marked by the domination of power over principles, the diminished authority of the UN on strategic issues of war and peace, and the rise of new great powers demanding accommodation of their interests can be accurately described as “a world in disorder.” Pakistan’s grand strategy for the twenty-first century must be based on a realistic assessment of the emerging global and regional security environment.
Lower is better: ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibition join the mainstream of lipid‑lowering therapy

The focus of 2013 cholesterol guidelines to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) released by American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) is the administration of high intensity statin therapy to specific four groups of patients, which were found to benefit the most from such therapy. They no longer promote achieving specific LDL-C goals with a combination therapy involving statins and other drugs, as advocated by the former ATP-III guidelines as well as current guidelines of European Atherosclerosis Society, International Atherosclerosis Society or National Lipid Association. Such approach has been dictated by the strict reliance on randomized controlled trials as the only acceptable level of evidence. However, since publication of the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines, cardiovascular benefits of ezetimibe added to statin therapy have been established. Moreover, the advent of PCSK9 inhibitors, providing a powerful supplement and/or alternative to statin therapy, further complicates the therapeutic horizon in dyslipdiemias. It is very likely that a new set of ACC/AHA guidelines will be published in 2016, with a return of specific LDL-C and Non-HDL-C goals of therapy as well as integration of drugs other than statins. As the treatment of dyslipidemias becomes more complex, the need for the subspecialty of clinical lipidology to be officially recognized becomes more evident.
Modified Atmosphere Packaging for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

The first scientific investigation into effects of a modified atmosphere on fresh fruits and vegetables was published about 200 years ago. However, innovations in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for fresh produce are still drawing significant attention from researchers and industry nowadays. This chapter provides an overview of the latest innovations or studies related to MAP for fresh fruits and vegetables based on published literature in the past 5 to 6 years. The results show that the identification of the best MAP practices for individual fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables is still the major focus of research. Active MAP, including antimicrobial packaging, is receiving significant attention. New packaging materials have been evaluated in response to market changes and needs. Limited investigations have been conducted into the intelligent packaging design. These indicate that there are still many challenges and opportunities for the innovations of MAP for fresh and fresh-cut fruits.