cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Nature of Cerebellar-Dependent Eyeblink Conditioning Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approach

Evidence of cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia has mounted over the past several decades, emerging from neuroimaging, neuropathological, and behavioral studies. Consistent with these findings, cerebellar-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC) deficits have been identified in schizophrenia. While repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) is traditionally used to analyze dEBC data, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) more reliably describes change over time by accounting for the dependence in repeated measures data. This analysis approach is well suited to dEBC data analysis because it has less restrictive assumptions and allows unequal variances. The current study examined dEBC measured with electromyography in a single-cue tone paradigm in an age-matched sample of schizophrenia participants and healthy controls (N=56 per group) using HLM. Subjects participated in 90 trials (10 blocks) of dEBC, during which a 400 ms tone co-terminated with a 50 ms air puff delivered to the left eye. Each block also contained 1 tone-alone trial. The resulting block averages of dEBC data were fitted to a 3-parameter logistic model in HLM, revealing significant differences between schizophrenia and control groups on asymptote and inflection point, but not slope. These findings suggest that while the learning rate is not significantly different compared to controls, associative learning begins to level off later and a lower ultimate level of associative learning is achieved in schizophrenia. Given the large sample size in the present study, HLM may provide a more nuanced and definitive analysis of differences between schizophrenia and controls on dEBC.
The challenge of the dependent variable.

Together the articles in this special issue of way we have conceptualized our dependent the Journal of Health and Social Behavior variables. And yes, when she is finished, it is pose a significant challenge. Each one of us very hard to deny that the complexities are who conducts research in the area of mental illprominent, pervasive, and difficult to surness and mental health must decide how to mount. Moreover, we cannot draw substantial conceptualize and measure the dependent vanisustenance or direction from tradition because able we employ, and now, thanks to our very all of the complexities and foibles Schwartz thoughtful colleagues, the considerations identifies are found in the context of the stress involved seem to have multiplied in number paradigm-a guiding orientation for many of and expanded greatly in complexity. Each one us over the past 25 years or so. In light of these of the papers challenges us to think more considerations, the attentive consumer of these broadly and/or more deeply about the depenarticles is likely to feel challenged and on dent variables we employ. This is a very good shaky ground when it comes to choosing the thing. The problem for me, and I might surform and content of his/her dependent varimise for other consumers of these articles, ables. What are we supposed to do? What comes when we look for advice, for direction domain of content should our dependent varisigns as to the paths our new breadth or depth ables assess, and should we capture that conmight take. Of course, some of the authors do tent with categories or continua? How should offer clear direction and pointed advice, and we to respond to the challenge of the depenone can experience an intriguing and very condent variable? genial journey following their well crafted As one consumer of these articles, I became arguments-for a while. The problem comes particularly attentive to the challenge of the
Multi-parameter estimation for spatially-resolved measurement of two-component velocity using absorption tomography

In this work, we extend the use of absorption tomography typically used for the spatial measurement of species concentration and/or temperature over a planar region of a flow to the measurement of the local twocomponent velocity and potentially, simultaneously with temperature and pressure. The reconstruction is allowed by a compact reconstruction scheme based on the properties of the absorption lineshape (assumed to be a Voigt lineshape). Here, we will present the mathematical formulation of the problem, we will offer a possible solution strategy and we will demonstrate the method through a numerical experiment.
Plasmodial Coalescence in Stemonitis Flavogenita (Myxomycetes, Stemonitales)

(1990). Plasmodial Coalescence in Stemonitis Flavogenita (Myxomycetes, Stemonitales) Mycologia: Vol. 82, No. 5, pp. 643-647.
Fin Shape Impact on FinFET Leakage With Application to Multithreshold and Ultralow-Leakage FinFET Design

FinFETs have emerged as the solution to short channel effects at the 22-nm technology node and beyond. Previously, there have been few studies on the impact of fin cross section shape on transistor leakage. We show for the first time that fin shape significantly impacts transistor leakage in bulk tri-gate nFinFETs with thin fins when the fin body doping profile is optimized to minimize leakage. We show that a triangular fin reduces leakage current by 70% over a rectangular fin with the same base fin width. We describe how fin shape can be used to implement multithreshold nFinFETs without increasing chip area consumption. We also describe how by combining triangular fins with existing gate-source/drain underlap multithreshold techniques, it is possible to design ultralow-power nFinFETs with less than 1 pA/μm leakage current while maintaining high performing I ON /I OFF , threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing.
Thermodynamic Properties of Se-Te(l) Described by an Extension of the Two Domain Model

The two domain model of Se-Te liquid is developed further than heretofore. Explicit equations are obtained for the excess Gibbs energy of mixing, the chemical potentials, the enthalpy of mixing, the relative constant pressure heat capacity, and the partial and total pressures. A generally satisfactory fit is obtained for the experimental activity of Te and enthalpy of mixing at 733 K, the relative heat capacity as a function of temperature, and for the total pressure for 99, 60, and 27 at.% Se between about 780 and 1130 K. This is done while leaving unchanged the site fraction of H or (Te-like) and L (or Se-like) domains previously used to fit a number of physical properties.
318 INCIDENCE OF HEREDITARY AND ACQUIRED THROMBOPHILIA IN A PEDIATRIC POPULATION UNDERGOING KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

In spite of the advances in pediatric kidney transplantation (Tx), thrombotic complications have remained a constant and major cause of graft loss. Registry data (NAPRTCS 2001) indicate that vascular thrombosis accounts for 12.8% of pediatric Tx failures. Although several risk factors have been identified, the contributions of hereditary and acquired thrombophilia have not been extensively studied. From January 2001 to December 2005, we have systematically studied pre-Tx patients and have identified a high rate of several thrombophilias (Table). Overall, 56% of patients had at least one abnormality; 30%, 18%, 6%, and 2% of children had one, two, three, or four identifiable thrombophilias, respectively. All of the children with one or more thrombophilias who underwent renal Tx were treated prophylactically with heparin in the immediate post-Tx period and were transitioned to either aspirin or warfarin. Despite the high rate of thrombophilia, there were no Tx losses from either thrombosis or postoperative bleeding during the study period. In addition, there were no significant differences in calculated glomerular filtration rates (by Schwartz formula) at 6 months post-Tx between children with and without an identifiable thrombophilia (98 vs 115 mL/min/1.73 m, respectively; p = .25). We conclude that some thrombophilias are common in the pediatric pre-Tx population. Screening and appropriate prophylaxis may minimize Tx loss due to thrombosis.
Clinical investigation of application of Sevoflurane and muscle relaxant to foreign body extraction in respiratory tract of infants

[Objective]To compare the advantages and disadvantages of anesthesia by vecuronium, small dose vecuronium, sevoflurane and smaller dose vecuronium in the anesthesia of tracheobronchial foreign body extraction in infants. [Methods]Sixty children aged from 5 months to 7 years and 10 months who were performed tracheobronchial foreign body extraction were randomly allocated to three groups: group W1 (Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg), group W2 (Vecuronium 0.05 mg/kg), group W3 (Sevoflurane+Vecuronium 0.04 mg/kg). The time of operation and recovery, the number of body move or breathe action 3 min after administration, the adverse reaction of airway (such as bucking, breathholding, laryngismus) were recorded.[Results]There is no significant difference of the operation time between the three groups, the time of recovery: W1W2W3, the patients of group W1, group W2 were well relaxant after administration, but there are 30% patients still had body move or breathe action 3 min after administration. There was no adverse reaction in the three groups. [Conclusions]The application of sevoflurane and vecuronium to tracheobronchial foreign body extraction in infants is safety.
Stage-dependent puma predation on dangerous prey

Predators likely assess their risk of injury with regards to hunting different prey types, while deciding whether to initiate an attack or to avoid dangerous prey. Risk-taking is age-, stage- and state-dependent, and foraging theory predicts that juvenile predators, individuals of lower social rank, and less-experienced predators that are hungry are among those most likely to engage dangerous prey. In carnivores that optimally hunt prey larger than themselves, however, juveniles may also select for smaller, suboptimal prey as they refine their hunting skills. Thus, in the case of predators that exhibit age-specific prey selection, there may be multiple factors influencing decision-making about prey selection. We compared puma (Puma concolor) predation on dangerous adult ungulates and safer juvenile ungulates, as well as two similar-sized rodent species: the more dangerous North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) and the more vulnerable American beaver (Castor canadensis). We found that dispersing, subadult pumas with limited hunting experience and without territories avoided dangerous but optimally sized adult ungulates, and instead hunted dangerous, suboptimal porcupines more than resident, territorial adults. In contrast, there was no difference in puma predation on beavers between dispersers and residents. Small prey (e.g. not ungulates) formed a large portion of dispersing puma diets of both sexes, and this stage-dependent foraging pattern might be important in describing the ecology of the species, as well as in modeling potential dispersal habitat that could see puma expansion east in North America across hostile matrices where their primary prey has been reduced through anthropogenic effects.
Semaphorins and their Receptors in Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Publisher Summary Semaphorins are a large family of proteins originally identified as axon guidance factors of the developing nervous system. Semaphorins act as both repellents and attractants for growing axons and thus have a significant function in central nervous system (CNS) development. Semaphorins may guide growing dendrites as well as axons. Many types of neurons are responsive to semaphorins, including dorsal root ganglion, sensory, motor, hippocampal, cortical, cerebellar, and olfactory. In addition to guiding axons and dendrites, semaphorins appear to play a role in fasciculation of nerve bundles, neuronal cell migration, axoplasmic transport, and apoptosis. Apart from the CNS, migrating non-neuronal cells are responsive to semaphorins, and cardiovascular abnormalities are observed when semaphorin signaling is disrupted. In the immune system, expression of Sema4D (CD100) is regulated upon B- and T-lymphocyte activation, and migrating monocytes are responsive to Sema3A and Sema4D. Malignant lung cells show reduced levels and a cytoplasmic localization of semaphorins. Therefore, it can be concluded that semaphorins act as guidance cues for many types of migrating cells in developmental, adult, and pathological tissue. Thus, many biological systems in the developing embryo and adult animal are dependent on semaphorin signaling. Although the importance of semaphorins in the developing CNS is well documented, their involvement in the immune response, the cardiovascular system, and in pathology is still being clarified.
Urinary biomarkers as indicator of chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents

Obesity is a pro-inflammatory state that may predispose patients to acute coronary syndrome characterized by chronic low grade inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction (ED). The aim of the study was to evaluate urinary biomarkers of inflammation and ED in adolescents with obesity. Sixty three subjects were recruited for the study. Twenty healthy adolescents with normal body mass (NW), 14 overweight (OW), 29 obese (OA) subjects were selected. An EndoPat 2000 device was used to measure the reactive hyperemia index (RHI). First morning fasting urine samples were tested for interleukin 6 (IL-6), endothelin 1 (ET-1), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and corrected to urinary creatinine. Urinary TNF-α was significantly higher in OA group (52.4 ± 15.3 pg/mg) compared to adolescents with NW (14.1 ± 1.2 pg/mg, P = 0.04). ET-1 levels were found to be higher in OW (5.18 ± 1.6 pg/mg) compared with NW (3 · 47 ± 0.3 pg/mg, P = 0.24); and higher in OA (8.48 ± 3.1 pg/mg) compared to both NW (P = 0.19) and OW (P = 0.40). Similarly a higher AGP level was observed in OW (864.8 ± 156 ng/mg) and OA (808.3 ± 186 ng/mg) compared to NW (653 ± 69 ng/mg) (P = 0.16 & 0.49 respectively). Inflammatory markers namely, TNF-α, IL-6 and AGP significantly and positively correlated with each other and with ET-1, a marker for endothelial dysfunction. This significant correlation was also observed when tested separately in the subgroups (NW, OW and OA). There were no differences in RHI levels among the study groups. Urinary TNF-alpha is significantly elevated in obese adolescents and correlates with urinary ET-1, which is recognized as a biomarker for endothelial dysfunction. Since obesity is a chronic inflammatory state, elevated urinary TNF-alpha might be used as a non invasive tool to monitor the level of that inflammation.
Rigidity Strengthening: A Mechanism for Protein-Ligand Binding.

Protein–ligand binding is essential to almost all life processes. The understanding of protein–ligand interactions is fundamentally important to rational drug and protein design. Based on large scale data sets, we show that protein rigidity strengthening or flexibility reduction is a mechanism in protein–ligand binding. Our approach based solely on rigidity is able to unveil a surprisingly apparently long-range contribution of apparently four residue layers to protein–ligand binding, which has ramifications for drug and protein design. Additionally, the present work reveals that among various pairwise interactions, the short-range ones within the distance of the van der Waals diameter are most important. It is found that the present approach outperforms all other state-of-the-art scoring functions for protein–ligand binding affinity predictions of two benchmark test sets.
Affordable stroke therapy in high-, low- and middle-income countries: From Theradrive to Rehab CARES, a compact robot gym:

Affordable technology-assisted stroke rehabilitation approaches can improve access to rehabilitation for low-resource environments characterized by the limited availability of rehabilitation experts and poor rehabilitation infrastructure. This paper describes the evolution of an approach to the implementation of affordable, technology-assisted stroke rehabilitation which relies on low-cost mechatronic/robot devices integrated with off-the-shelf or custom games. Important lessons learned from the evolution and use of Theradrive in the USA and in Mexico are briefly described. We present how a stronger and more compact version of the Theradrive is leveraged in the development of a new low-cost, all-in-one robot gym with four exercise stations for upper and lower limb therapy called Rehab Community-based Affordable Robot Exercise System (Rehab C.A.R.E.S). Three of the exercise stations are designed to accommodate versions of the 1 DOF haptic Theradrive with different custom handles or off-the-shelf commercial motion machine. The fourth station leverages a unique configuration of Wii-boards. Overall, results from testing versions of Theradrive in USA and Mexico in a robot gym suggest that the resulting presentation of the Rehab C.A.R.E.S robot gym can be deployed as an affordable computer/robot-assisted solution for stroke rehabilitation in developed and developing countries.
Motivations for Enrollment Into the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program in the James River Basin of South Dakota

ABSTRACTThe Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) targets high-priority conservation needs (e.g., water quality, wildlife habitat) by paying landowners an annual rental rate to remove environmentally sensitive or agriculturally unproductive lands from rowcrop production, and then implement conservation practices on these lands. This study examined motivations of South Dakota landowners for enrolling in the James River Basin CREP. All 517 newly enrolled landowners were mailed a questionnaire in 2014 measuring demographics, behaviors, opinions, and motivations (60% response rate). Cluster analysis of 10 motivations for enrolling identified three motivation groups (wildlife = 40%, financial = 35%, environmental = 25%). The financial group had the youngest mean age (62 years), followed by the wildlife (65) and environmental groups (68). Among respondents, 43% favored the public access requirement of this CREP with the environmental group most in favor. Understanding landowner enrollment motivations ...
Polymer structure-property requirements for stereolithographic 3D printing of soft tissue engineering scaffolds

This review highlights the synthesis, properties, and advanced applications of synthetic and natural polymers 3D printed using stereolithography for soft tissue engineering applications. Soft tissue scaffolds are of great interest due to the number of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and connective tissue injuries and replacements humans face each year. Accurately replacing or repairing these tissues is challenging due to the variation in size, shape, and strength of different types of soft tissue. With advancing processing techniques such as stereolithography, control of scaffold resolution down to the μm scale is achievable along with the ability to customize each fabricated scaffold to match the targeted replacement tissue. Matching the advanced manufacturing technique to polymer properties as well as maintaining the proper chemical, biological, and mechanical properties for tissue replacement is extremely challenging. This review discusses the design of polymers with tailored structure, architecture, and functionality for stereolithography, while maintaining chemical, biological, and mechanical properties to mimic a broad range of soft tissue types.
New empirical expression for APD gain vs voltage dependence

In this paper we propose a new empirical formula describing gain vs. voltage dependence of avalanche photodiodes (APDs).
Variability tolerant reading of nanomagnetic energy minimizing co-processor

A recently proposed novel nanomagnetic co-processor harnesses the quadratic Hamiltonian of a system of coupled nanomagnets in order to solve quadratic optimization problems. The key principle here is “Let physics do the computation” in the sense that the relaxation physics of a grid of nanomagnets directly solve the optimization problem [1]. More interestingly, our preliminary research suggests that the performance of this co-processor is independent of problem size. Relaxed magnetic states of the co-processor translate the output of the original problem. Since the framework of this coprocessor is similar to that of STT-MRAM memories, we can leverage the heterogeneous integration with CMOS technologies in order to access, control and read the cells. This paper focuses on an efficient reading of the magnetic cells and also addresses the effects of resistance variations. Based on the framework, the read mechanism should be able to distinguish between the inplane single domain and vortex domain states. Unlike STT-MRAM, the circular magnets do not have shape anisotropy but, here we show that with an additional pre-amplifier circuit, we are able to improve sense margin by at least 73%. A comparative analysis of variation tolerance between two reading schemes was done which shows that an additional pre-amplifier aids in handling the effects of process variations too.
Abstract 17742: Novel Temperature Power Ratio Tracking Estimates Sufficiency of Contact Force During Wide Area Circumferential Ablation

Background: Contact force (CF) sensing catheters may help optimize assessment of lesion creation during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Whether other surrogate markers may offer an alternative to contact force is unclear. We proposed the use of a novel ratio of mean temperature/mean power (T/P) during ablation to assess contact force (CF). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed ablation points in 10 cases with 1000 energy deliveries where fixed time intervals (>20s) were used for individual lesions using CF technology and CARTO 4® (Biosense Webster) 3D mapping systems. We calculated the T/P ratio in these lesions. This ratio was then applied to ablation points in 5 other cases with 450 ablative lesions to determine predictive accuracy for a CF>10g. Results: A T/P ratio of 1.5 ± 0.4 was found to be present during ablation with CF>10g in the LA. The lower cutoff of this ratio (1.1) was applied to 450 points in a validation cohort to predict CF. This ratio had a high sensitivity 92.6% with a correlation co-efficient of 0.67 and negative predictive value of 87.6 % in predicting CF 1.9 or below 1.1. Forces beyond 25 g and below 10g also did not correlate to this ratio. Conclusions: Use of the novel T/P ratio can guide contact assessment when ablating in the LA. Maximal sensitivity is in the working range of CF between 10-25 g and this enables tracking of contact force without the expense and potential risk of stiff CF catheters
Evaluation of vitamin C for adjuvant sepsis therapy.

Abstract Significance: Evidence is emerging that parenteral administration of high-dose vitamin C may warrant development as an adjuvant therapy for patients with sepsis. Recent Advances: Sepsis increases risk of death and disability, but its treatment consists only of supportive therapies because no specific therapy is available. The characteristics of severe sepsis include ascorbate (reduced vitamin C) depletion, excessive protein nitration in microvascular endothelial cells, and microvascular dysfunction composed of refractive vasodilation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Parenteral administration of ascorbate prevents or even reverses these pathological changes and thereby decreases hypotension, edema, multiorgan failure, and death in animal models of sepsis. Critical Issues: Dehydroascorbic acid appears to be as effective as ascorbate for protection against microvascular dysfunction, organ failure, and death when injected in sepsis models, but information ...
Assessment of English Language Development: A Validity Study of a District Initiative.

The San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) uses the Language and Literacy Assessment Rubric (LALAR) as the secondary measurement required by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act to measure English proficiency of English language learners (ELLs). In this analysis, the Rasch model is used to identify whether the LALAR is a valid measurement instrument and scale to measure the "English proficiency" of ELLs. This analysis investigates the relationship between student ability () and the probability that the student will respond correctly to an item on the LALAR. Controlling for this relationship, the item characteristics of each item, ability of each student, and measurement error associated with each score were mathematically derived. This will allow for validity and reliability tests to be conducted, which will help determine if the LALAR is a useful accountability measure for ELLs.
Moral Practice and Language

Moral practice refers to the understanding and action of self-cultivation . This issue is mainly discussed by the Confucians. In the discourse on ming-shi, Confucius, Mencius , and Xun Zi explored the connection of the moral practice with ming and shi by proposing and developing concepts such as ren, yi, li, and xin.
Combination DMARD therapy with hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and methotrexate.

Triple combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and methotrexate (MTX) has been shown in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to be significantly superior to MIX alone (Paulus 50% responses of 77% versus 33%). In long-term follow-up studies, this therapy has now been shown to be well-tolerated with continued efficacy in the majority of patients.
Vibrational Density-of-States, Isotope effect, and Superconductivity in Ba1-xKxBiO3 Cubic Oxides

Vibrational density-of-states of insulating BaBiO3 in orthorhombic phase and superconducting Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 in cubic phase are studied using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. The MD results are compared with the recent inelastic neutron scattering and electron tunneling experiments. The exponent of the oxygen isotope effect is calculated from the first moment of the phonon density-of-states (the weak coupling limit) and from the solution of Eliashberg gap equations. Results are compared with isotope effect experiments. Evidence based on inelastic neutron scattering, tunneling, and isotope effect experiments when combined with the MD calculations suggest that this material is a normal weak coupling BCS superconductor with strong coupling of the carriers to high energy oxygen phonons.
Professional Standards for Cellular Therapies: Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT)

The Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) was founded in 1995 to promote quality patient care and laboratory practice in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) through its program of professional standards and voluntary accreditation for the procurement, processing, and transplantation of hematopoietic cell products. This chapter describes the FACT Standards and Inspection and Accreditation Program.
Thermal stratification effects on mixed convective Maxwell fluid flow with variable thermal conductivity and homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions

In this article, the magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection Maxwell fluid flow over a vertical stretching sheet with variable thickness close to a stagnation point is explored numerically. The variable thermal conductivity has been assumed for the analysis of heat transfer characteristics. Furthermore, homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions and thermal stratification have also been considered in the present study. Both the assisting and the opposing flows are discussed through tables and graphs. The ordinary differential equations are obtained via suitable similarity transformations. The numerical solutions of the non-dimensional velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are obtained by employing the shooting method and examined for different physical parameters such as the thermal stratification, thermal relaxation, mixed convection, thermal conductivity, stretching ratio, homogeneous reaction and heterogeneous reaction parameters. It is found that the temperature upturns for the higher values of the Maxwell and thermal conductivity parameters. Moreover, the ascending values of the thermal stratification parameter decay the temperature profile. The local Nusselt number or the heat transfer rate at the wall is higher in the assisting flow regime as compared with the opposing flow regime.
Introduction to Epidemiologic Methods

Publisher Summary Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence and distribution of diseases and other health-related conditions in populations. They are used to determine the magnitude and impact of diseases or other conditions in populations or in selected subgroups of populations. This information can be used in setting priorities for investigation and control, in deciding where preventive efforts should be focused, in evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic procedures, and in determining what type of treatment facilities are needed. Epidemiologic studies have added considerably to understanding of the etiology, course, and consequences of osteoporosis. A variety of risk factors have been established and intriguing leads for further study have been suggested. However, for some potential risk factors, results of different studies have been rather inconsistent, such as those pertaining to some aspects of diet, physical activity, alcohol, certain medications, and reproductive variables. When trying to interpret these discrepant results, it is important to keep in mind common reasons for inconsistent results. Sometimes, discrepant results may be explained by major flaws in study designs, such as failure to realize that the time sequence is unclear in cross-sectional studies, poor choice of controls in case-control studies, large numbers of people lost to follow-up in cohort studies, and, in any type of study, sample sizes that are too small and the use of specialized populations that are not representative of any larger population. However, for the most part, the variables for which results have tended to be inconsistent are those that are difficult to measure. It is important to keep in mind that if a characteristic cannot be measured well or for some reason is not measured well in an otherwise methodologically sound study, associations between that risk factor and a disease will be difficult to detect.
Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage

Acute leukemia with indeterminate or mixed lineage assignment (undifferentiated, mixed phenotype, ambiguous)
Resonant Tunneling Transport in Polar III-Nitride Heterostructures

During the last two decades, a considerable effort has been dedicated to engineer resonant tunneling transport within the family of III-Nitride semiconductors. At the heart of this initiative, lies the outstanding material properties that this revolutionary family of semiconductors offers for manufacturing high-power ultra-fast oscillators and terahertz quantum cascade lasers that operate at room temperature. Despite these efforts, it is only recently that room temperature resonant tunneling transport has been demonstrated within III-Nitride materials.
A 37-40 GHz Phased Array Front-end with Dual Polarization for 5G MIMO Beamforming Applications

This paper presents a dual polarized 37-40 GHz transmitter-receiver (TRX) phased array front-end RFIC implemented in a 28nm bulk RF-CMOS process. The TRX front-end contains 8 channels, 4-vertical (V) and 4-horizontal (H). Each transmit (TX) or receive (RX) channel consists of PA or LNA, 5-bit passive phase shifter, coarse and fine gain control amplifiers. The TX channel shows an op1dB of 10.2 dBm at the antenna bump. The RX channel shows a noise figure (NF) of 6 dB. TX and RX channels show an EVM of -32.57 dB and -29.80 dB respectively. A 4×4 antenna array was implemented on PCB using 4 TRX front-end RFICs. Beam patterns with different 5G-modulated waveforms were characterized.
Scaling up: Predicting the Impacts of Climate Change on Seagrass Ecosystems

Since Susan Williams and I started our scientific careers in the mid-1970s, seagrass science has been transformed from a largely descriptive field to an increasingly quantitative and predictive endeavor that requires a mechanistic understanding of environmental influence on metabolic networks that control energy assimilation, growth, and reproduction. Although the potential impacts of environment on gene products are myriad, important phenotypic responses are often regulated by a few key points in metabolic networks where externally supplied resources or physiological substrates limit reaction kinetics. Environmental resources commonly limiting seagrass productivity, survival, and growth include light, temperature, and CO2 availability that control carbon assimilation and sucrose formation, and regulate stress responses to environmental change. Here I present a systems approach to quantify the responses of seagrasses to shifts in environmental factors that control fundamental physiological processes and whole plant performance in the context of a changing climate. This review shows that our ability to understand the past and predict the future trajectory of seagrass-based ecosystems can benefit from a mechanistic understanding of the responses of these remarkable plants to the simultaneous impacts of ocean acidification, climate warming, and eutrophication that are altering ecosystem function across the globe.
Direct Correlation of Mechanical Hardness and Chemical Bonding in Intermetallic Double Perovskite Borides Sc2Ir6–xPdxB

Atomic and/or vacancy ordering has proven to be important in understanding some unexpected properties in perovskites, leading to the formulation of double perovskites (oxides or halides) as a subcl...
VIRASORO ALGEBRA AND O(N)σ-MODEL

Within the framework of a local expansion of the logarithm of the O(N)σ-model vacuum functional, valid for slowly varying fields, the modified Virasoro algebra is studied. The operatorlike central charge term is given, up to second order, for a general functional.
A Multiple Access Channel Game Using Latency Metric

The paper considers a multi-access channel scenario, where several users communicate with a base station, and investigates power allocation is a game-theoretic framework. The communication metric is the inverse signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the base station, which, for low SINR reflects communication delay. Each user faces a trade-off between the latency of the signal received by the base station, and the price that the user pays for using a specific amount of power that causes interference in the system. The equilibrium is derived in closed form and its uniqueness is proven. It is shown that the resulting strategy allows each user to maintain uninterrupted communication. For comparison purposes, we construct a specific three user network scenario, and study the SINR and throughput metrics. In that setting, we show that, unlike the latency metric, SINR and throughput may give rise to multiple equilibria, which may cause destabilization of communication.
Racial Microaggressions on Christian Campuses: Instrument Development and Exploratory Factor Analysis

The severity or impact of racial microaggressions can differ based on an individual’s contextual factors. Specifically, people of color in a Christian context face unique racialized experiences tha...
Isolation of RNA from Acute Ischemic Stroke Clots Retrieved by Mechanical Thrombectomy.

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has enabled biologic analyses of resected clots. While clot histology has been well-studied, little is known about gene expression within the tissue, which could shed light on stroke pathophysiology. In this methodological study, we develop a pipeline for obtaining useful RNA from AIS clots. A total of 73 clot samples retrieved by MT were collected and stored in RNALater and in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin. RNA was extracted from all samples using a modified Chemagen magnetic bead extraction protocol on the PerkinElmer Chemagic 360. RNA was interrogated by UV–Vis absorption and electrophoretic quality control analysis. All samples with sufficient volume underwent traditional qPCR analysis and samples with sufficient RNA quality were subjected to next-generation RNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Whole blood RNA samples from three patients were used as controls, and H&E-stained histological sections of the clots were used to assess clot cellular makeup. Isolated mRNA was eluted into a volume of 140 µL and had a concentration ranging from 0.01 ng/µL to 46 ng/µL. Most mRNA samples were partially degraded, with RNA integrity numbers ranging from 0 to 9.5. The majority of samples (71/73) underwent qPCR analysis, which showed linear relationships between the expression of three housekeeping genes (GAPDH, GPI, and HPRT1) across all samples. Of these, 48 samples were used for RNA sequencing, which had moderate quality based on MultiQC evaluation (on average, ~35 M reads were sequenced). Analysis of clot histology showed that more acellular samples yielded RNA of lower quantity and quality. We obtained useful mRNA from AIS clot samples stored in RNALater. qPCR analysis could be performed in almost all cases, while sequencing data could only be performed in approximately two-thirds of the samples. Acellular clots tended to have lower RNA quantity and quality.
Early Childhood Distance Learning in the U.S. During the COVID Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract Considered a “frontline” organization, some early childhood education (ECE) centers remained open during the COVID pandemic, others were temporarily closed, while still others experimented with various virtual learning approaches. The increased use of virtual approaches in ECE raises questions about teachers’ experiences with it and the challenges they are facing in trying to maintain educational continuity for the children under their care. A total of 1,434 ECE teachers from 46 states serving children ages 0 to 5 (including Kindergarten)—529 teachers of whom reported teaching virtually—completed an online in the early months of the pandemic on their teaching experiences. Content analysis of open-ended responses revealed several challenges: low levels of participation of children and families, limited social interaction and developmentally appropriate ways of engaging children in the virtual learning format, lack of knowledge and skills for virtual teaching, and limited technological support.
Constructing US Foreign Policy: The Curious Case of Cuba

1. Introduction 2. Imagining Latin America and Cuba 3. Constructing Reagan's Castro 4. Waiting for Fidel 5. Conclusion
Evolutionary Induction of Grammar Systems for Multi-agent Cooperation

We propose and describe a minimal cooperative problem that captures essential features of cooperative behavior and permits detailed study of the mechanisms involved. We characterize this problem as one of language generation by cooperating grammars, and present initial results for language induction by pairs of right-linear grammars using grammatically based genetic programming. Populations of cooperating grammar systems were found to induce grammars for regular languages more rapidly than non-cooperating controls. Cooperation also resulted in greater absolute accuracy in the steady state, even though the control performance exceeded that of prior results for the induction of regular languages by a genetic algorithm.
Session Overview Robot Design and Control

Control theory to date has achieved tremendous success in the analysis and synthesis of single control systems, as well as in the development of control laws for simple groups of systems which are connected together by point-to-point wires (assumed reliable) so that information is received and processed synchronously at each subsystem. Many of these advances have been fueled by challenges in robotics: force feedback in haptic devices led to new formulations of stable control laws, coordination algorithms for robot swarms has likewise led to a theory of control for networked systems.
Simultaneous visual sustained attention-discrimination and goal-directed search are associated with excretion of catecholaminergic metabolites in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The relationship between visual sustained attention-discrimination and goal-directed search was evaluated using a visual discrimination and exploration (goal-directed search) paradigm and urinary excretion of catecholaminergic metabolites [dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE)] in 6–12 year-old children ( n = 31) strictly selected and diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using diagnostic criteria and other objective indices. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) (DSM-IV) was used to formally diagnose ADHD in children. A cognitive laboratory test was used to assess visual sustained attention-discrimination and goal-directed search (Children Color Trails Test 1 and 2). Urinary excretion of DA and NE metabolites was measured via reversed high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pearson product-moment correlations were used to investigate the relationship between visual sustained attention and goal-directed search and urinary catecholamine metabolites of DA and NE. The present findings revealed a positive and moderately significant relationship between visual sustained attention and visual exploration and catecholaminergic metabolite levels of NE and DA, according to expectation. Decreased visual sustained attention and goal-directed search was associated with decreased DA and NE metabolite levels. The present results are consistent with past research with children with ADHD and studies with primates examining the intricate and respective interaction between the Locus Coeruleus and visual sustained attention-discrimination and the Ventral Tegmental Area and goal-directed search (visual exploration) respectively modulated through NE and DA. Applied and theoretical issues associated with the present findings also are discussed addressing recent computer-generated analogues of action selection models within the context of the extant findings.
The Role of Space Observations in the Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities

This paper summarizes the current status of ultraviolet spectrophotometry with emphasis on the instrumental characteristics unique to space observations and on the application of existing data to the calibration of stellar properties. The currently available data bases will be briefly reviewed. When combined with ground based data, ultraviolet observations provide information on effective temperatures and bolometric corrections for early type stars and on the nature of the intervening interstellar medium. The ultraviolet measurements are sensitive to chemical composition differences and provide a powerful tool in discussion of stellar evolution in composite systems. This review concludes with a brief discussion of future directions in instrumentation and analysis.
Acoustic image converter for three-step acoustic holography

A unique Acoustic Image Converter with microhorn structure in the output stage is developed. The converter constitutes a fundamental link in the three step method of acoustic holography. Using real time optical holographic interferometry for the detection of the acoustical hologram. The sensitivity, already enhanced by the step bias method, is further increased by the improved Acoustic impedance match of the converter and by the micro-horn structure. The most important function of the latter, however, is the minimization of lateral cross coupling in the transfer of acoustic interference patterns from water to air media. Recent results of acoustic holography method incorporating the new converter are presented.
Controlled VLF Experiments

During the past two decades several interesting phenomena have been discovered that suggest the occurrence of significant interactions in the magnetosphere between VLF whistler-mode (WM) waves and energetic particles. The stimulated or triggered discrete VLF emission is of particular interest to the experimenter. This emission does not arise spontaneously but may be triggered either naturally by, e.g., a whistler, or artificially by the signal from a ground-based VLF transmitter (see Helliwell 1965 for examples of both types). In the case of artificially stimulated emissions (ASE’s) the initial properties of the triggering wave can be accurately specified. Hence the resulting emission should provide data regarding the energetic particles involved.
Sport, Rhetoric, and Gender: Historical Perspectives and Media Representations, Linda K. Fuller, ed.

Editor Linda K. Fuller in her introduction clearly situates Sport, Rhetoric, and Gender: Historical Perspectives and Media Representations within the interdisciplinary field of sports studies by hi...
Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid Maturation During Bacterial Spore Germination

All the ribosomal ribonucleic acid made during the early stages of germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis is of the “precursor” type, i.e., that type appearing in the incomplete forms of the ribosome. Shortly before the onset of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in germination, this precursor ribonucleic acid changed to the mature ribosomal ribonucleic acid characteristic of the 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits.
Effect of soybean fiber and phytate on serum zinc response

Abstract Changes in serum zinc levels after oral zinc administration was used as an index of zinc absorption. Ten adult males received a single dose of zinc gluconate on 5 separate occasions, either alone (control) or with 1 of 4 aifferent soybean treatments. The soybean treatments consisted of a high-fiber, high-phytate treatment (ground soybeans); a high-fiber, low-phytate treatment (dephytinized ground soybeans); a low-fiber, high-phytate treatment (tofu); and a low-fiber, low-phytate treatment (dephytinized tofu). The dephytinized soybean treatments yielded significantly higher postingestive serum zinc values than did the non-dephytinized treatments whereas no differences were observed between the high- and low-fiber treatments. These data suggested zinc absorption is more inhibited by soy phytate than by soy fiber.
Isolation of a gene encoding a glycosylated cytokinin oxidase from maize.

Abstract The major cytokinin oxidase in immature maize kernels was purified to homogeneity. Selected tryptic peptides were used to design degenerate oligonucleotide primers for PCR isolation of a fragment of the oxidase gene. Hybridization of the PCR fragment to a maize genomic library allowed isolation of a full-length cytokinin oxidase gene ( ckx1 ). The gene encodes a protein of approximately 57 kDa that possesses a signal peptide, eight consensus N -glycosylation sequences and a consensus FAD binding sequence. Expression of ckx1 in Pichia caused secretion of active glycosylated cytokinin oxidase that contains a substrate-reducible FAD. The gene displays sequence homology with a putative oxidoreductase from Arabidopsis thaliana and with the fas5 gene from Rhodococcus fascians.
Towards a Brain Computer Interface using wavelet transform with averaged and time segmented adapted wavelets

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that provides an individual a non-muscular way to control his surroundings by working on the activity signals generated in his brain. Activity signals collected from the brain in the form Electroencephalogram (EEG) are used in the system described in this paper. Time Domain normalization has been used in the preprocessing stage. Wavelet transform with pattern adapted wavelet filter is used for the purpose of feature extraction. Exact Radial Basis Neural networks are used for the classification of signals and heuristic weight adjustment of neural networks was done in final decision making. Tests carried out on two different datasets give accuracies of more than 91% and 86%.