cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface electromyographic alterations of the knee extensor musculature based on contraction intensity and velocity

The effect of contraction intensity (100%-, 75%-, 50%-, and 25%-maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)) and movement velocity (0 ◦ , 100 ◦ , 200 ◦ , 300 ◦ , and 400 ◦ /s) on the root mean square amplitude (SEMG-RMS) and median frequency power spectrum (SEMG-MPF) of the surface electromyography of the vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles during isokinetic extension movements was investigated. Eight healthy female university students (age = 23.1 ± 2.6 yrs., mean height = 161.8 ± 6.8 cm, mean weight = 64.6 ± 6.1 kg) with no known knee pathologies participated in the study. Peak moment (PM), SEMG-MPF, and SEMG-RMS were analyzed using separate repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicated (p 0.05): (1) an inverse relationship between PM and movement velocity, which was consistent with the literature and the force-velocity curve; (2) an increase in VM and RF SEMG-RMS across all isovelocity movements compared to isometric, with highest values occurring at 200 ◦ /s; (2) a linear increase in SEMG-RMS as force levels increased from 25%-MVC to100%-MVC; and, (3) an increase in SEMG-MPFvalues during isovelocity movements compared tothat found during isometric contractions, with highest values at 50 ◦ /s, suggesting isovelocity movements facilitated a greater recruitment of fast-twitchfibers. It appears that the degree to which the central nervous system activates muscle is based on the interplay of both contraction intensity and velocity needed to complete the required motor task.
A National Study of Live Discharges from Hospice

Abstract Background: Live discharges from hospice can occur because patients decide to resume curative care, their condition improves, or hospices may inappropriately use live discharge to avoid costly hospitalizations. Objective: Describe the variation, outcomes, and organizational characteristics associated with live discharges. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting/Subjects: Medicare fee-for-service hospice beneficiaries. Measurement: Overall rate, timing, and health care transitions of live discharges. Results: In 2010, 182,172 of 1,003,958 (18.2%) hospice discharges were alive. Hospice rate of live discharges varied by hospice program with interquartile range of 9.5% to 26.4% and by geographic regions with the lowest rate in Connecticut (12.8%) and the highest in Mississippi (40.5%). Approximately 1 in 4 (n=43,889; 24.1%) beneficiaries discharged alive were hospitalized within 30 days. Nearly 8% (n=13,770) had a pattern of hospice discharge, hospitalization, and hospice readmission. These latte...
Representations of Finite Groups

In this lecture we give the basic definitions of representation theory, and prove two of the basic results, showing that every representation is a (unique) direct sum of irreducible ones. We work out as examples the case of abelian groups, and the simplest nonabelian group, the symmetric group on 3 letters. In the latter case we give an analysis that will turn out not to be useful for the study of finite groups, but whose main idea is central to the study of the representations of Lie groups.
Low-temperature magnetic relaxation in HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8 + δ single crystals with columnar defects

Micrometer-sized Hall probes are used to measure the low-temperature magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{HgBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ single crystals with and without columnar defects. Introduction of columnar defects by heavy-ion irradiation suppresses the quasiexponential temperature dependence of the critical current, but only when the density of flux lines is less than the density of defects. The current-dependent creep activation energy $U(J)$ is found to be best described by the power law: ${U(J)=U}_{0}[{(J}_{c}{/J)}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}1].$ At high current densities J, and low fields, there is a crossover to a quantum vortex creep process with a temperature-independent magnetic relaxation rate. On the low-J side of this crossover in the unirradiated sample, $\ensuremath{\mu}g~1,$ indicating that the thermally activated vortex creep process is consistent with collective creep. When the flux-line density exceeds the columnar defect density in the irradiated sample, the vortex creep process is characterized by $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\sim}1.$ For flux-line densities less than the defect density, an anomalously large exponent is found $(\ensuremath{\mu}g~2),$ which is inconsistent with vortex transport occurring either by the nucleation and expansion of half-loop excitations or by variable-range hopping of vortex lines as described by the Bose-glass theory.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Mearns et al. (1) first reported an association between allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and cystic fibrosis (CF) in 1965. Subsequently, other investigators have reported that ABPA occurs with an incidence of approx 10-11% in patients with CF(2-5). This is probably an underestimation because the underlying lung disease in patients with CF obscures many of the pulmonary findings considered cardinal signs of ABPA. However, distinguishing ABPA from infectious pulmonary disease in CF subjects is crucial for proper treatment. Untreated ABPA causes pulmonary inflammation, bron-chiectasis, and fibrosis.
The metabolism of methotrexate in Lactobacillus casei and rat liver and the influence of methotrexate on metabolism of folic acid.

Abstract [3H]Methotrexate was metabolized mainly to 4-amino-4-deoxy-10-methylpteroic acid in resting cells of Lactobacillus casei and a small amount of methotrexate remained inside the cells after 24 hours of incubation. Preincubation of L. casei with methotrexate inhibited the incorporation of [3H]folic acid completely and l-5-formyl-[3H]tetrahydrofolic acid partially into pteroyloctaglutamate and increased the amount of pteroyltetraglutamate and lower polyglutamates. In rats, methotrexate was metabolized partially to lower methotrexate polyglutamates; however, its uptake was much lower than folic acid and no pentaglutamate of methotrexate was found. Pretreatment of rats with 100 µg of methotrexate daily for 5 days decreased the uptake of [3H]folic acid into liver considerably (∼20 to ∼8%) and the radioactivity in liver was mainly reduced derivatives of pteroylpentaglutamate. With treatment with 300 µg of methotrexate per day for 6 days, however, not only the uptake of [3H]folic acid decreased to ∼4%, but also pteroylpentaglutamate comprised only ∼50% of total radioactivity in liver and the rest was lower polyglutamate and unmetabolized monoglutamate. Column chromatography with Sephadex G-25 and DEAE-cellulose provides a good method for the identification of methotrexate-related compounds.
Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure: How Low Should We Go?

Abstract Background Sodium intake in the United States exceeds recommended amounts across all age, gender and ethnic groups. National dietary guidelines advocate reduced intake by at least 1,000 mg per day or more, but whether there is population-wide benefit from further reductions to levels of 1500 mg per day remains controversial. Methods and Results A brief review of current evidence-based dietary guidelines is provided and key prospective, randomized studies that report dietary and urinary sodium data are summarized. Dietary sources of sodium and eating patterns that offer nutritiously sound approaches to nutrient dense, reduced sodium intake are compared. Conclusions No studies suggest that high sodium intake at the levels of the population's current diet is optimal. On the contrary, national and international evidence and systematic reviews consistently recommend reducing sodium intake overall, generally by 1000 mg/day. Recommendations to reduce intakes to 2400 mg/d are generally accepted as beneficial. Whether further reductions to 1500 mg/d are useful, feasible and safe among specific subgroups in the population who are at increased risk of hypertension or stroke remains controversial and requires individualized consideration by patients and their health care providers.
An adaptive backward coupling Metropolis algorithm for truncated distributions

In the paper, a new version of the independent Metropolis algorithm is considered, combining adaptive proposals with perfect sampling. Construction of a non-regenerative adaptive Metropolis algorithm follows (13). A backwards coupling procedure is applied after each adaptation in order to guarantee the stationarity of the target. The result is a perfect sample from the target distribution with undesirable positive autocorrelations suppressed by adaptations. Performance of the suggested algorithm is examined using several examples of uniform and Gaussian proposals for truncated non-Gaussian targets. These examples are related to a problem of detection of the point source of a scattered signal (17,18).
How to Make Money From Subliminal Advertising and Motivation Research

The news media began to report and editorialize about subliminal advertising in 1957, in response to events that are recounted in detail in Swift Viewing: The Popular Life of Subliminal Viewing, Charles Acland’s (2012) excellent history of the idea of subliminal influence (p. 91ff). Those events have been described by several previous writers, but one of the many virtues of Acland’s book is that he gives us the most carefully documented account to date. On September 12, 1957, a market researcher named James Vicary gave a press conference in which he made a dramatic announcement. He said that he had recently completed a successful test of a powerful new advertising technique that made use of a device called a tachistoscope, which was capable of projecting images of such short duration that viewers were not aware of having seen them. Vicary had installed the tachistoscope in a movie theater in Fort Lee, New Jersey, and programmed it to project two messages on the movie screen, one after the other, over and over again, during the movie. The messages, which were shown for 1/3000 of a second each, at 5-second intervals, were: “eat popcorn” and “drink Coca-Cola.” Vicary’s test ran in the theater for six weeks. By the end of that period, the theater’s sales of Coca-Cola had gone up by 18.1%, and its sales of popcorn had risen by 57.5%. Acland points out that “it was the release of these unbelievable results that sparked the wave of public interest and anxiety about subliminal methods of influence” (p. 92).
The Distribution of Food Retail Prices and the Euro Changeover: Signpost Items Versus Occasional Goods

The Euro changeover distorted previously well-formed nominal price patterns. Food retailers may have reacted by adjusting prices to reintroduce psychological prices as before the Euro changeover. We employ a detailed data set of German food retail prices before and after the Euro changeover to test three different benchmarks indicating potential adjustments of prices. However, none of these benchmarks do adequately reflect the actual distribution of prices. We find that prices of signpost items follow best a conversion at the official rate. Also, signpost items show a slower price adjustment. Occasional goods’ prices indicate a reestablishment of psychological price patterns, in particular for the ending digits; price distributions are adjusted faster. Further, price inflation is about zero for both goods, but prices in particular for signpost items have been significantly raised just before the Euro changeover. These different pricing patterns may be explained by consumer behavior. Consumers react more sensitive to price changes of frequently purchased goods (signpost items), and thus, retailers convert prices at the official rate and postpone price adjustments for these items after the Euro changeover. [JEL Classifications: D40, L66, Q13].
OCS+(A2Π → X2Π) fluorescence from photoionization of OCS

Abstract OCS+[A2Π(000) → X2Π(ν1Oν3)] fluorescence bands produced by OCS photoabsorption of extreme ultraviolet emission lines from wavelengths 637–801 A were analyzed and the cross-sections for the production of fluorescence were measured. Several weak emission bands were identified as A2Π(000) → X2Π(ν100) transitions. No fluorescence emitted from the OCS+ ion, other than from the A2Π(000) vibrational level, was detected.
Periodically poled lithium niobate single-crystal fibers for frequency conversion applications

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single-crystal fibers were periodically poled for the first time by applying an electric field. Efficient CW second harmonic generation was demonstrated.
Commentary: Framing Sympathy

The expression of emotion takes many forms and their linguistic expression is one of the key ways they are articulated. The study of the semantic fields in which the expression of emotion takes place is in need of an appropriate methodology and a sufficiently broad set of examples. Anna Gladkova’s attempt to use the methodology of Natural Semantic Metalanguage to explore the semantics of certain emotion terms in English and Russian is examined and evaluated in light of certain philosophical and semiotic categories and considerations. Of principal interest is the bearing of the work of C.S. Peirce and John Dewey, from the American pragmatist tradition, and of Karl Buhler, from the psychological tradition, on such a methodology. It appears that the expression of emotion in language is embedded in multiple fields of rather different types and performs different semantic functions. I indicate how this would modify, without reducing the need for, the types of analyses undertaken by Gladkova.
Streamflow and Suspended Sediment Transfer to Lake Sophia, Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada -

To ascertain the climatic controls on sediment transport to Lake Sophia, Com­ wallis Island, Nunavut, Canada, we made detailed hydrological and meteorolog­ ical measurements in the Sophia River watershed through the 1994 melt season. Streamflow and suspended sediment transport are limited, on an annual time scale, by the supply of snow and sediment in the watershed. Suspended sediment yield from the watershed was only 0.46 t k:m- 2 , which is lower than any previously published yield for a stream in the High Arctic. Snowmelt rgnoff accounted for 88% of the annual suspended sediment load, whereas 6 and 9% were transported in response to a slushflow event and summer rainfall, respectively. These mea­ surements provide no direct evidence that modem-day sediment delivery to Lake Sophia is related to fluctuations in air temperature, which has implications for the paleoenvironmental signal preserved in Lake Sophia's laminated sediments. We suggest that on-site sediment transport studies are necessary to establish the re­ lationships among geology, geography, climate, and hydrology unique to each watershed-lake system and need to be an integral part of any calibration attempt. Additional years of data are needed however to define the interannual variability of streamflow and sediment transport in response to climate.
Examination of the potential antiepileptic activity of calcium antagonists with different sites of action.

Abstract 1. 1. Calcium is proposed to play a role in the genesis of epileptic seizures, and a number of established antiepileptic drugs limit the transport of extracellular calcium into neuronal cells. 2. 2. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential antiepileptic activity of three calcium antagonists: nifedipine (20 mg/kg i.p.), which blocks the calcium channel at its outer mouth; verapamil (30 mg/kg i.p.), which blocks the calcium channel at its inner mouth; and propyl-methylenedioxyindene (pr-MDI; 68, 100 and 120 mg/kg i.p.), which acts intracellularly to inhibit calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum. 3. 3. In the maximal electroshock test, none of the calcium antagonists provided protection against tonic seizures in mice. Phenytoin (20 mg/kg i.p.), on the other hand, afforded complete protection. 4. 4. In the pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure test, the order of effectiveness of the three calcium antagonists in attenuating the severity of the clonic and tonic seizures in mice was: nifedipine > verapamil > pr-MDI. All three calcium antagonists were less effective than ethosuximide (200 mg/kg i.p.). 5. 5. These findings indicate that the calcium antagonists would be of no value in the treatment of grand mal epilepsy, while only those agents acting at the outer side of the membrane would have limited usefulness at best against petit mal seizures.
Quadratic forms in complex Gaussian matrices and performance analysis of MIMO systems with cochannel interference

This paper establishes an analytical framework for the performance analysis of multiple-input/multiple output (MIMO) systems subject to cochannel interference and operating over fading channels. First, we present some new statistical results dealing with the distribution of the largest eigenvalue of certain quadratic forms in complex Gaussian matrices and establish the connection between these results and the performance analysis of MIMO systems subject to cochannel interference. We consider interference limited systems in which the number of cochannel interferers exceeds or is equal to the number of receiving antenna elements. We then derive new "closed-form" expressions of the probability density function of the outage signal-to-interference ratio and the system outage probability for MIMO systems in Rician-Rayleigh (i.e., the desired user is subject to Rician fading while cochannel interferers are subject to Rayleigh fading) and Rayleigh-Rayleigh fading environments. When applicable, these expressions are compared to special cases previously reported in the literature dealing with the performance of single-input/multiple-output (SIMO) systems. As a double check, these analytical results and assumptions are validated by Monte Carlo simulations and as an illustration of the mathematical formalism some numerical examples for particular cases of interests are plotted and discussed. These results show that under the same the scattering and interfering conditions and given a fixed number of total antenna elements and cochannel interferers: 1) SIMO systems will always outperform multiple-input/single-output systems and 2) it is preferable to distribute the number of antenna elements evenly between the transmitter and the receiver for an optimum performance.
Multinomial Combinatorial Group Representations of the Octahedral and Cubic Symmetries

We consider the full multinomial combinatorics of all irreducible representations of the octahedral (cubic) symmetry as a function of partitions for vertex, face and edge colorings. Full combinatorial tables for all irreducible representations and all multinomial partitions are constructed. These enumerations constitute multinomial expansions of character-based cycle index polynomials, and grow in combinatorial complexity as a function of edge or vertex coloring partitions.
Clickable Lipids: Azido and Alkynyl Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols

Hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), which were isolated from glycolipids that can be prepared fermentatively from fats and oils, have been synthetically modified to contain azide and alkyne functional groups. These particular functional groups were chosen because they can participate in a copper-catalyzed reaction that combines them to form a 1,4-triazole, known as a “click” reaction, which has been widely used in a variety of fields but remains underutilized in FA chemistry. Depending on the starting hydroxy FA, these groups can be close to the carboxy unit (using 3-hydroxydecanoate) and hence the polar glycerol group, or distant from it (using 17-hydroxyoctadecanoate). These structural alternatives will impart different properties to the triacylglycerols that are subsequently prepared from the modified FA. Finally, the click reaction was used to conjugate triacylglycerols to each other and to other molecules such as a glycolipid or a protected amine.
Disparities in Access to Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson Disease: Interaction Between African American Race and Medicaid Use

Importance African American individuals experience barriers to accessing many types of health care in the United States, resulting in substantial health care disparities. To improve health care in this patient population, it is important to recognize and study the potential factors limiting access to care. Objective To examine deep brain stimulation (DBS) use in Parkinson disease (PD) to determine which factors, among a variety of demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic variables, drive DBS use in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample in combination with neurologist and neurological surgeon countywide density data from the Area Resource File. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify discharges of patients at multicenter, all-payer, nonfederal hospitals in the United States diagnosed with PD (code 332.0) who were admitted for implantation of intracranial neurostimulator lead(s) (code 02.39), DBS. Main Outcomes and Measures We analyzed factors predicting DBS use in PD using a hierarchical logistic regression analysis including patient and hospital characteristics. Patient characteristics included age, sex, comorbidity score, race, income quartile of zip code, and insurance type. Hospital characteristics included teaching status, size, regional location, urban vs rural setting, experience with DBS discharges, year, and countywide density of neurologists and neurological surgeons. Results Query of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample yielded 2 408 302 PD discharges from 2002 to 2009; 18 312 of these discharges were for DBS. Notably, 4.7% of all PD discharges were African American, while only 0.1% of DBS for PD discharges were African American. A number of factors in the hierarchical multivariate analysis predicted DBS use including younger age, male sex, increasing income quartile of patient zip code, large hospitals, teaching hospitals, urban setting, hospitals with higher number of annual discharges for PD, and increased countywide density of neurologists ( P P P P Conclusions and Relevance Despite the fact that African American patients are more often discharged from hospitals with characteristics predicting DBS use (ie, urban teaching hospitals in areas with a higher than average density of neurologists), these patients received disproportionately fewer DBS procedures compared with their non–African American counterparts. Increased reliance on Medicaid in the African American population may predispose to the DBS use disparity. Various other factors may be responsible, including disparities in access to care, cultural biases or beliefs, and/or socioeconomic status.
Phase stability and thermal expansion property of FeSi2

Abstract The in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of FeSi 2 revealed that the high temperature α phase is metastable at room temperature and transforms to the β phase between 893 K and 963 K. The β-FeSi 2 phase transforms to the α phase above 1173 K. Their thermal expansion coefficients are calculated based on the observed XRD patterns.
Bacterial clearance in the California sea hare, Aplysia californica☆☆☆

Abstract Aplysia californica normally contains sterile hemolymph. It is capable of completely clearing in vivo at least 4 marine bacteria from the hemolymph, but was unable to completely clear the terrestrial bacterium Serratia marcescens during the period tested. Clearance occurred most rapidly at high temperatures (≈18–20°C) and was accelerated by previous exposure to the bacterium. The latter indicates some type of primitive anamnestic response. Concomitant with early rapid bacterial clearance was a depression of serum agglutinin titers and a decrease in circulating hemocytes; levels of these two variables later return to normal values. Agglutinin titer levels return to normal values even after 3 bacterial challenges. Hemocyte numbers and agglutinin titers return to preinjection levels more rapidly at higher temperatures. Although A. californica serum exhibited no lytic activity, opsonic factors which enhanced phagocytosis of chicken red blood cells were found. A mechanism of bacterial clearance by the sea hare involving agglutinin and opsonin activity is hypothesized.
Proposal for a one GeV plasma wakefield acceleration experiment at SLAC

Abstract A plasma-based wakefield acceleration experiment E-157 has been approved at SLAC to study acceleration of parts of an SLC bunch by up to 1 GeV/m over a length of 1 m. A single SLC bunch is used to both induce wakefields in the 1 m long plasma and to witness the resulting beam acceleration. The experiment will explore and further develop the techniques that are needed to apply high-gradient plasma wakefield acceleration to large-scale accelerators. The 1 m length of the experiment is about two orders of magnitude larger than for other high gradient plasma wakefield acceleration experiments and the 1 GeV/m accelerating gradient is roughly ten times larger than that achieved with conventional metallic structures. Using existing SLAC facilities, the experiment will study high gradient acceleration at the forefront of advanced accelerator research.
t(14;18) cells are getting hard to find.

The minimal residual disease (MRD) story in follicular lymphoma (FL) has evolved greatly since M.S. Lee et al. first described a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology to detect cells with t(1...
RESPONSE SURFACES OF SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS FOR REDUCED SODIUM CHLORIDE AND PHOSPHATE SALTS IN EMULSIFIED TURKEY SAUSAGES

Emulsified turkey sausages (ETS) were prepared using varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl; 1.5 to 2.0%), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP, 0 to 0.5%), and sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP, 0 to 0.25%). The sensory characteristics (response variables) of saltiness, soapiness, and texture were evaluated using a trained taste panel. Response surface methodology was used to design and analyze this study. Over the levels of STPP and SAPP, saltiness increased as levels of NaCl were increased. When STPP and SAPP were evaluated in combination with NaCl, saltiness increased slightly as levels of STPP were increased; and saltiness decreased as levels of SAPP were decreased. Soapiness increased at low levels of NaCl (1.5%) as STPP increased. Texture firmness decreased as SAPP increased and STPP decreased at low levels of NaCl (1.5%). Results suggest that sensory perceptions in ETS products are a combination of NaCl, SAPP, and STPP mixtures.
TU‐A‐213A‐01: CT Clinical Perspective: Challenges and the Impact of Future Technology Developments

Computed tomography is not the most frequent radiologic imaging procedure, but is arguably the most important in terms of clinical impact. CT is used extensively for emergencies, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological, orthopedic and other applications — often as the first and only imaging procedure needed for diagnosis. The chances are very high that a patient will have a CT scan in the emergency department, as an outpatient or as an inpatient for a multitude of indications — pain, trauma, suspected infection or malignancy, and frequently to investigate symptoms such as pain, or to answer a question raised by another abnormal test, such as an EKG abnormality or ultrasound finding. Despite the universality of CT in hospitals and clinics as well as free‐standing imaging centers, the technology continues to evolve with greater coverage, faster acquisition and multienergy sources or detectors. Multimodality scanners based on CT incorporate PET/SPECT and in the future, MRI to combine morphologic and functional imaging. The most demanding imaging applications are cardiovascular, where complex motion and small morphologic features coexist, so imaging methods that are very satisfactory elsewhere in the body may not be successful. Clinical CT scanning consists of administering toxic materials, e.g., contrast media, often monitoring the EKG and illuminating the body with high brightness x‐rays. Larger area detectors and higher acquisition rates are welcome improvements, but don't solve all of the problems encountered with scan variability due to respiratory, random body, and cardiac motion, especially in a spectrum of patients from infant to massively obese adult sizes (< 1 kg to 250 kg or more). The challenges and pitfalls in CT and multimodality imaging will be delineated and evaluated relative to current and future technology. Learning Objectives: 1. The role of x‐ray computed tomography(CT) in clinical medicine is central to diagnostic radiology and its functions as a hospital‐based department and service to outpatients. 2. CT technology developments, including wide area coverage multirow detector scanners, dual energy acquisition systems, visualization and post‐processing introduce changes in CT applications and utilization. 3. The limitations of a single modality, such as CT, can be overcome by integrating complementary instrumentation, especially PET/SPECT, MRI and others (such as ultrasound and fluoroscopy) to provide simultaneous morphologic and functional imaging capabilities.
The effect of latency on user performance in Warcraft III

Latency on the Internet is a well-known problem for interactive applications. With the increase in interactive network games comes the increased importance of understanding the effects of latency on user performance. Classes of network games such as First Person Shooters (FPS) and Real Time Strategy (RTS) differ in their user interaction model and hence susceptibility to latency. While previous work has measured the effects of latency on FPS games, there has been no systematic investigation of the effects of latency on RTS games. In this work, we design and conduct user studies that measure the impact of latency on user performance in Warcraft III, a popular RTS game. As a foundation for the research, we separated typical Warcraft III user interactions into the basic components of explore, build and combat, and analyzed each individually. We find modest statistical correlations between user performance and latency for exploration, but very weak correlations for building and combat. Overall, the effect of even very high latency, while noticeable to users, has a negligible effect on the outcome of the game. We attribute this somewhat surprising result to the nature of RTS game-play that clearly favors strategy over the real-time aspects.
Paclitaxel and carboplatin in the adjuvant treatment of patients with high-risk stage III and IV endometrial cancer: a retrospective study.

Abstract Purpose. To determine overall survival and progression-free survival among patients with high-risk, stage III and IV endometrial cancer who receive paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC) after complete tumor resection. Patients and methods. Patients with stage III/IV endometrial cancer with less than 2 cm of disease after surgical resection who received TC in the adjuvant setting were retrospectively identified and are the subject of this analysis. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. Disease recurrence was documented by radiologic progression or pathologic tissue review. We obtained Institutional Review Board approval before initiating this study. Results. Forty-eight patients were eligible for analysis—24 (50%) with stage IV disease, 29 (60%) with serous or clear cell tumor histology and 43 (90%) with FIGO grade 3 tumors. All patients underwent surgical resection; 10 (21%) of the 48 patients received adjuvant radiation therapy in addition to chemotherapy. Forty-three patients (90%) received 6 cycles of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve of 5–6) every 3 or 4 weeks, and 44 (92%) completed all planned cycles of treatment. With a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 6–92), 29 patients (60%) recurred, with a 3-year overall survival rate of 56%. The median time to progression for all patients was 13 months (95% CI 10, 18) with a median OS of 47 months (95% CI, 30—upper limit not achieved). Conclusion. TC is a well tolerated, active regimen in the treatment of resected, high-risk stage III and IV endometrial cancer that warrants further investigation.
Review: pioglitazone does not reduce risk of mortality or cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes.

Source Citation Richter B, Bandeira-Echtler E, Bergerhoff K, Clar C, Ebrahim SH. Pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(4):CD006060. 17054272
Impact of a global mental health program on a residency training program.

Interest in global health education has grown among medical students and residents, and medical schools and residencies have responded with both increased coursework and international experiences. In a study from 2008, 59% of medical schools offered international clinical elective rotations for residents; 45% offered opportunities for clinical research abroad for medical students; 32% offered research opportunities for residents; and 11% had formal global health track options for students (1). Several reports have described the demand and successful techniques for structuring global health-related medical student experiences in both the United States and Canada (2–7).
CEPHALEXIN THERAPY IN THE STAGES OF BACTERIURIA IN CHILDREN

Children were divided by radiologic and clinical criteria into uncomplicated bacteriuria: first infection and recurrent infection, and complicated bacteriuria: pyelonephritis, obstructive abnormalities (primarily neurogenic bladders) and simple reflux. All patients were treated for 2 weeks at 50 mg/kgm/day followed by 4 weeks at half this dose. Successful therapy was defined as eradication of the initial organism with maintenance of sterile urine for 6 weeks. Ninety-three patients were treated for 136 episodes of bacteriuria with the most common organisms being E. coli (60%), Proteus (19%) and Klebsiella (14%). There were only 4 failures to eradicate the original organism (2.9%) and 38 recurrences with a resistant organism (27.8%). Pseudomonas was the most common organism to recur (19/38). Successful therapy included first infection (100%), recurrent uncomplicated (75.5%), simple reflux (69.2%), pyelonephritis (58.6%) and obstructive lesions (51.9%). Difference for success in therapy for complicated (58.9%) and uncomplicated bacteriuria (81%) was statistically significant (<.01), as were the differences between the first infection, recurrent uncomplicated and complicated bacteriuria. The differences between complicated groups were not significant. In summary, the staging of bacteriuria appears very important for predicting recurrence rate. Cephalexin was effective In eliminating sensitive organisms in any stage of bacteriuria.
Measurements and calculations of transient mixed convection in air

Abstract Measurements and calculations of transient mixed convection flows adjacent to a flat vertical surface are presented. The surface dissipates a constant and uniform heat flux in an air stream flowing at a uniform and constant ambient velocity. The free-stream velocity is in the same direction as the buoyancyinduced flow resulting in an ‘aiding’ mixed convection flow. Temperature and velocity measurements in the boundary layer are presented and compared to the results of a finite-difference analysis of the flow. Several heat flux levels and ambient stream velocities are investigated.
Fusion hierarchies for N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory

Abstract We employ the analytic Bethe Anzats to construct eigenvalues of transfer matrices with finite-dimensional atypical representations in the auxiliary space for the putative long-range spin chain encoding anomalous dimensions of all composite single-trace gauge invariant operators of the maximally supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory. They obey an infinite fusion hierarchy which can be reduced to a finite set of integral relations for a minimal set of transfer matrices. This set is used to derive a finite systems of functional equations for eigenvalues of nested Baxter polynomials.
Identifying barriers to GIS-based land management in Guatemala

The development of a cadastral system for the Republic of Guatemala was one of the priorities of the 1997 Peace Accord which ended 30 years of civil war. In response to uncertainty about land ownership and land titles, the development of a national cadastre, the equitable distribution of land, and transparent records of land tenancy are viewed as key to maintaining peace in Guatemala. This article addresses the most significant barriers to developing a National Land Information System to support cadastral reform. Interviews with government agencies indicate that, although technical improvements can be readily implemented, social problems and governance factors seriously hinder the completion of the cadastral process. These findings are discussed in the light of international aid and development policy.
Exploration of skepticism, client‐specific experiences, and audit judgments

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how levels of trait professional skepticism (i.e. professional skepticism based on personal traits) and different experiences with a specific hypothetical client (i.e. positive, negative, or none) affect audit judgments.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on an experiment with auditing students, with one manipulated variable and one measured variable.Findings – The results show that initial expectations are driven primarily by client experience except when none is present (then driven by trait), but the experience has greater influence on low trait skeptics. Participants who are more skeptical are more sensitive to fraud evidence at the evidence evaluation stage.Research limitations/implications – The study uses student participants which reduces generalizability of the results to other populations. However, students are advantageous participants for examining pure trait skepticism unaffected by audit experience.Originality/value – The paper e...
Citation Analyses as a Prioritization Tool for Instruction Program Development

ABSTRACT In the past, citation analyses have been used for collection development or to evaluate information literacy instruction effectiveness. These projects often require collaboration with subject-matter experts and are typically backward-looking measures. Citation analysis as a forward-looking planning tool for a library's instruction program is less well known. This project acts as a quantitative exploration in order to organize information literacy instruction efforts, program marketing, and the implementation of Capella University's university-wide information literacy outcome. Many problems revealed through the analyses were consistent with results from other universities and library citation analysis efforts: over-reliance on textbooks, improper online sources, lack of retrieval statements, quickly broken links, and so on. Specific instruction responses to these widespread issues are discussed. The citation analysis insights influenced both Capella's information literacy plan development cycle a...
The effect of Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , and Ti 4+ on the configurational heat capacities of sodium silicate liquids

The heat capacities of 29 glasses and supercooled liquids in the Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2, Na2O-(FeO)-Fe2O3-SiO2, and Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 systems were measured in air from 328 to 998 K with a differential scanning calorimeter. The reproducibility of the data determined from multiple heat capacity runs on a single crystal MgO standard is within ± 1% of the accepted values at temperatures ≤ 800 K and within ± 1.5% between 800 and 1000 K. Within the resolution of the data, the heat capacities of sodium silicate and sodium aluminosilicate liquids are temperature independent. Heat capacity data in the supercooled liquid region for the sodium silicates and sodium aluminosilicates were combined and modelled assuming a linear compositional dependence. The derived values for the partial molar heat capacities of Na2O, Al2O3, and SiO2 are 112.35 ± 0.42, 153.16 ± 0.82, and 76.38 ± 0.20 J/gfw · K respectively. The partial molar heat capacities of Fe2O3 and TiO2 could not be determined in the same manner because the heat capacities of the Fe2O3- and TiO2-bearing sodium silicate melts showed varying degrees of negative temperature dependence. The negative temperature dependence to the configurational C P may be related to the occurrence of sub-microscopic domains (relatively polymerized and depolymerized) that break down to a more homogeneous melt structure with increasing temperature. Such an interpretation is consistent with data from in situ Raman, Mossbauer, and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopic studies on similar melts.
Redox Cycling of Coenzyme Q9 as a New Measure of Plasma Reducing Power

Reactive oxygen species are highly reactive molecules and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular, renal, inflammatory, infectious, and neurologic diseases (1)(2). Cells and biological fluids have an array of protective antioxidant mechanisms, both for preventing the production of free radicals and for repairing oxidative damage (3). These antioxidant systems include enzymes, macromolecules, and small molecules, including ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, ubiquinol-10, reduced lipoic acid (DHLA), reduced glutathione (GSH), methionine, uric acid, bilirubin, and some amino acids. Antioxidants within cells, cell membranes, and extracellular fluids can be up-regulated and mobilized to neutralize excessive and inappropriate formation of reactive oxygen species, but a deficiency of antioxidant defense may lead to a situation of increased oxidative stress. Assays that measure the combined antioxidant effect of the nonenzymatic defenses in biological fluids may be useful in providing an index of ability to resist oxidative damage. Several methods (4)(5)(6) have been developed to assess the total antioxidant capacity of human serum or plasma because of the difficulty in measuring each antioxidant component separately and the interactions among different antioxidant components in the serum or plasma. However, the measured antioxidant capacity of a sample depends on which technology and which free radical generator or oxidant is used in the measurement. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay uses an easily reduced oxidant in a redox-linked colorimetric method (6). Because the redox potential of the ferrous/ferric couple is 0.77 V, any substance or antioxidant with a redox potential <0.77 V will drive the ferric reduction, assuming stability of redox product. According to a study by Cao and Prior (7), the FRAP assay does not measure serum proteins and excludes the low-molecular-weight SH-group-containing antioxidants, such as GSH, DHLA, and some …
Potential of Early-Maturing Soybean Cultivars in Late Plantings

Late planting reduces soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields in soybean-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) double-cropping systems. We evaluated the hypothesis that the use of early-maturing soybean cultivars to shift reproductive growth into a more favorable environment would avoid some or all of this yield penalty. Soybean cultivars Hardin and Kasota [maturity group (MG) I], Burlison and Elgin 87 (MG II), Pioneer 9392 and Probst (MG III), and Stressland and Pennyrile (MG IV) planted in 38-cm rows were used in a 3-yr irrigated experiment with two planting dates (early, mid-May; late, late June) at Lexington, KY (38° N lat). Delayed planting reduced yield (7-36%) of all cultivars as a result of fewer seeds m -2 . Cultivars from MG I and II did not produce higher yields in the late plantings. A combination of narrow rows (19 cm) and high seeding rates (105 seeds m -2 ) had no effect on yield of cultivars from MGs I and II in either planting date. However, early maturity did provide an earlier harvest date without significant yield loss. Seed number was significantly related to crop growth rate (CGR) during flowering and pod set (r 2 = 0.36) and to length of flowering and pod set (r 2 = 0.56). Radiation use efficiency (g dry matter MJ -1 intercepted photosynthetically active radiation) was generally reduced in the late plantings for MG III and IV cultivars but not for MG I and II. Early-maturing cultivars in an irrigated environment did not reduce the yield penalty associated with late plantings.
Contribution of abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase activity to systolic and diastolic dysfunction in human heart failure.

Two of the most significant characteristics of failing human myocardium are an increased diastolic [Ca2+]i and a prolonged diastolic relaxation. These abnormalities are more pronounced at higher frequencies of stimulation and may be caused by an altered Ca2+ resequestration into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The force-frequency relationship was determined in multicellular preparations obtained from non-failing (n=6) and failing human myocardium (n=11). The active force in non-failing tissue increased as a function of the frequency of stimulation. In failing myocardium, an increase in frequency of stimulation (>1 Hz) was accompanied by a decrease in active force. Changes in the frequency of stimulation and active force were also associated with changes in intracellular calcium concentrations. The diastolic force in failing myocardium was augmented following an increase in frequency of stimulation, whereas in non-failing tissue, no increase in diastolic force was observed. Associated with the increase in diastolic force was an increase in intracellular diastolic calcium concentrations. The SR Ca2+ ATPase activity was reduced in failing compared to non-failing myocardium. SR Ca2+ ATPase was positively correlated with diastolic force in non-failing myocardium. The relationship between Ca2+ ATPase activity at 1 micromol/l [Ca2+] and active force between 0.5 and 2.0 Hz was different between failing and non-failing myocardium. The diastolic force demonstrate an inverse relationship with the SR Ca2+ ATPase activity in failing myocardium. These data suggest that a reduction in SR Ca2+ ATPase activity contributes to the impairment in both systolic and diastolic function of failing human hearts.
Viscoelasticity in Homogeneous Protein Solutions

We probe the transport properties in protein solutions stable with respect to any, solid or liquid, phase separation as a step in the understanding of transport in the cytosol of live cells. We determine the mean-squared displacement of probe particles in the time range 10;{-3}-10 s in solutions of a model protein. The tested solutions exhibit significant elasticity at high frequencies, while at low frequencies, they are purely viscous. We attribute this viscoelasticity to a dense network of weakly-bound chains of protein molecules with characteristic lifetime of 10-100 ms. The found intrinsic viscoelasticity of protein solutions should be considered in biochemical kinetics models.
The status of magnetic recording

CERTAIN performance characteristics of magnetic recorders have decided effects on their design for various applications. There are four broad fields of application in which magnetic recorders are recognized: 1. Sound Recording, 2. Digital Data Recording, 3. Physical Analogue Data Recording, and 4. Video Recording.