cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural Control of Respiratory and Cardiovascular Functions

Aerobic cellular metabolism is essential for life in vertebrates. In mammals, we transport O 2 from the environment into the body via the lung, at which point it passes into the bloodstream, where it is circulated to all tissues and CO 2 is absorbed for disposal via the lung. The brain plays a critical role in this process: generating and controlling the neural discharge to rhythmically activate the muscles that expand and squeeze the lung for air exchange and to modulate cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle that determine the amount and distribution of blood flow to the tissues. The circulation is also an essential conduit for the delivery of nutrients, the removal of metabolic byproducts, and the transport of hormones and drugs. The cardiopulmonary nervous system has to be extremely reliable from birth to death with essentially no pauses, and exceptionally flexible, supporting the metabolic demands of behavior over an order of magnitude range from rest to the extreme exertion that might be required to flee from a predator or chase down prey. Here, we provide an overview of the critical CNS mechanisms controlling cardiopulmonary function.
Racialization and racialization research

ABSTRACTThis paper advocates a greater emphasis on racialization research, and consists of observations and research questions that could add to our understanding of racialization. Such understanding will be useful and perhaps even necessary, as a variety of world events result in continuing population movements as well as economic and political crises that could increase intra and international conflicts. Any of these could lead to the further racialization of refugees, migrants, earlier immigrants and others.
Nitric Oxide Detection with a Liposome-Encapsulated Spin Trap

Nitric oxide (NO) is sensitively and unambiguously detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, EPR can identify the nitrogenous substrate of NO production using the stable isotope 15N. However, the dithiocarbamate-iron spin traps employed with this method have limited its application in biological samples. These limitations were overcome using a liposome-encapsulated spin-trap (LEST) that is easily prepared. This method can detect as little as 40 nM NO in a 500 µL sample (≥ 20 pmol). Application of the LEST method to cell lysates of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi allowed for the detection of biological NO production from as little 17 µg of total protein.
Not All Antibodies Are Created Equal: Factors That Influence Antibody Mediated Rejection.

Consistent with Dr. Paul Terasaki’s “humoral theory of rejection” numerous studies have shown that HLA antibodies can cause acute and chronic antibody mediated rejection (AMR) and decreased graft survival. New evidence also supports a role for antibodies to non-HLA antigens in AMR and allograft injury. Despite the remarkable efforts by leaders in the field who pioneered single antigen bead technology for detection of donor specific antibodies, a considerable amount of work is still needed to better define the antibody attributes that are associated with AMR pathology. This review highlights what is currently known about the clinical context of pre and posttransplant antibodies, antibody characteristics that influence AMR, and the paths after donor specific antibody production (no rejection, subclinical rejection, and clinical dysfunction with AMR).
Fast MAS 1H NMR Study of Water Adsorption and Dissociation on the (100) Surface of Ceria Nanocubes: A Fully Hydroxylated, Hydrophobic Ceria Surface

1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study hydroxylic surface species on ceria nanocubes, a crystalline, high-surface-area CeO2 that presents mostly (100) facets. Water adsorption and desorption experiments in combination with fast magic angle spinning (MAS, 20–40 kHz) 1H NMR provide high-resolution 1H spectra that allow the observation of ten resonance bands (water or hydroxyl) on or under the (100) surface. Assignments were made using a combination of adsorption and temperature-programmed desorption, quantitative spin counting, deuterium exchange, spin–lattice (T1) and spin–spin (T2) relaxation, and DFT calculations. In air, the (100) surface exists as a fully hydroxylated surface. Water adsorption and dissociation on dry ceria surfaces occur first at oxygen vacancies, but Ce3+ centers are not required since water dissociation is barrier-less on the fully oxidized surface. Surface −OH functionality occurs in two resolved bands representing isolated −OH (1 ppm) and hydrogen-bonded...
The Lungshar Delegation and Britain in 1913

In modern Tibetan history, it is fairly well known that in 1913 the 13th Dalai Lama appointed Lungshar Dorje Tsegyal as chaperon for four Tibetan boys to travel to Britain for a modern education. Less well studied are the letters the 13th Dalai Lama wrote for the King, Queen and ministers in Britain, which he had Lungshar take with him to London and which asserted the ‘ rang btsan ’ of Tibet, which today translates to ‘independence’. Through a comparative analysis of the original letters written in Tibetan and the letters that the 13th Dalai Lama sent to other countries, I will show how the Lungshar delegation was an important component of the overall diplomatic strategy designed by the 13th Dalai Lama after the demise of the Qing Dynasty. Based on comparative study between the Tibetan letters and the British translations, I will show that officials of British India, at the beginning of the 20th century, did not necessarily use ‘independence’ as the fixed parallel translation of ‘ rang btsan ’. This first analysis of the original Tibetan language letters sheds new light on the conceptual discrepancies in modern terminologies between the Tibetan and English languages that could have influenced the negotiations that took place between Tibet and Britain.
Retention of normal glia function by an isoform-selective protein kinase inhibitor drug candidate that modulates cytokine production and cognitive outcomes

Brain p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a potential therapeutic target for cognitive dysfunction based on the neuroinflammation-synaptic dysfunction cycle of pathophysiology progression, offers an innovative pharmacological strategy via inhibiting the same activated target in both glia and neurons, thereby enhancing the possibility for efficacy. The highly selective, brain-penetrant p38αMAPK inhibitor MW150 attenuates cognitive dysfunction in two distinct Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-relevant models and avoids the problems encountered with previous mixed-kinase inhibitor drug candidates. Therefore, it is essential that the glial effects of this CNS-active kinase inhibitor be addressed in order to anticipate future use in clinical investigations. We explored the effects of MW150 on glial biology in the AD-relevant APP/PS1 knock-in (KI) mouse model where we previously showed efficacy in suppression of hippocampal-dependent associative and spatial memory deficits. MW150 (2.5 mg/kg/day) was administered daily to 11–12-month-old KI mice for 14 days, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 measured in homogenates of mouse cortex using ELISA. Glial markers IBA1, CD45, CD68, and GFAP were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Microglia and amyloid plaques were quantified by immunofluorescence staining followed by confocal imaging. Levels of soluble and insoluble of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were measured by ELISA. The studies of in vivo pharmacodynamic effects on markers of neuroinflammation were complemented by mechanistic studies in the murine microglia BV2 cell line, using live cell imaging techniques to monitor proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis activities. Intervention with MW150 in KI mice during the established therapeutic time window attenuated the increased levels of IL-1β and TNFα but not IL-6. MW150 treatment also increased the IBA1+ microglia within a 15 μm radius of the amyloid plaques, without significantly affecting overall microglia or plaque volume. Levels of IBA1, CD45, CD68, GFAP, and Aβ40 and Aβ42 were not affected by MW150 treatment. MW150 did not significantly alter microglial migration, proliferation, or phagocytosis in BV2 cells. Our results demonstrate that MW150 at an efficacious dose can selectively modulate neuroinflammatory responses associated with pathology progression without pan-suppression of normal physiological functions of microglia.
Investigating and improving student understanding of quantum mechanics in the context of single photon interference

A research-based interactive learning tutorial on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with single photons helps students to explain the interference phenomena of a single photon, and correctly reason about the collapse of a photon state.
Quantitative comparison of data-driven and physics-based models for commercial building HVAC systems

Commercial buildings are responsible for a large fraction of energy consumption in developed countries, and therefore are targets of energy efficiency programs. Motivated by the large inherent thermal inertia of buildings, the power consumption can be flexibly scheduled without compromising occupant comfort. This temporal flexibility offers opportunities for energy savings and the provision of frequency regulation to support grid stability. To realize these goals, it is of prime importance to identify a realistic model for the temperature dynamics of a building. In this paper, we identify a low-dimensional data-driven model and a high-dimensional physics-based model for the same system at different spatial granularities and temporal seasons using experimental data collected from an entire floor of an office building on the University of California, Berkeley campus. We perform a quantitative comparison in terms of estimates of the inherent thermal gains due to occupancy, open-loop prediction accuracies, and closed-loop control schemes. We conclude that data-driven models could serve as a substitution for highly complex physics-based models with an insignificant loss of prediction accuracy for many applications.
Multiplex Conflict: Examining the Effects of Overlapping Task and Relationship Conflict on Advice Seeking in Organizations

This study examines the extent to which multiplex conflict relationships, or those infused with both relationship and task conflict, are related to employee decisions regarding from whom to seek advice at work. Data were gathered from 75 employees in a medium-sized life sciences firm in the US Midwest and analyzed using social network analysis. Findings demonstrate that although employees were less likely to seek advice from someone with whom they experienced relationship conflict, employees were more likely to seek advice from those with whom they experienced task conflict. Moreover, advice was still sought from those with whom both forms of conflict were present simultaneously. The current study demonstrates that employees are willing to seek advice from those with whom there is task conflict despite the simultaneous presence of relationship conflict. Compared to relationships free of relationship conflict (e.g., friendships), those characterized by multiplex conflicts provide greater access to others with divergent perspectives while also reducing the need for advice seekers to invest resources towards the protection and maintenance of the positive affective portion of the relationship. Although much of the focus of conflict research has been directed towards intragroup task and relationship conflict, our multiplex social network approach provides a unique opportunity to explore the effects on advice seeking stemming from the co-occurrence of these distinct types of conflict within the same employee dyad. In doing so, we contribute to the continuing debate regarding the primacy of affective or cognitive concerns in judgment and behavior.
Unruly equality: U.S. anarchism in the twentieth century

Andrew Cornell’s persuasive and groundbreaking history of American anarchism fills a significant gap in the historical literature. Older general histories of anarchism, such as those by George Wood...
Alcohol-Related Disorders and Other Substance Use Disorders

Adolescent substance use is a national health concern. About 7% of adolescents aged 12–17 meet diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders, and approximately 145,000 adolescents enroll annually in outpatient substance use treatment nationwide. The purpose of the present chapter is to provide an overview of the changes in the DSM-V concerning alcohol and other related substance use disorders as well as the research surrounding these disorders. Substance use disorders have undergone several changes in the DSM-V, including the addition of drug craving and the removal of problems with law enforcement from the criteria, among others. Further, the chapter provides a review of the current state of literature related to the etiology, risk factors for use, associated comorbidities, as well as evidence-based interventions and prognosis.
Human-Derived Amniotic Membrane Is Associated With Decreased Postoperative Intraperitoneal Adhesions in a Rat Model.

BACKGROUND:Complications from adhesions after intra-abdominal surgery accounts for ~6% of hospital admissions. Currently, hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose represents the main option to prevent postoperative adhesion formation. Human amniotic membrane contains inherent anti-inflammatory properties
Anesthesia for Ophthalmological Procedures

Ophthalmic surgery commonly occurs among pediatric populations. The eye has a unique physiology that must be understood for successful anesthetic management of ophthalmic surgical cases. Many medications specific to the eye are used during ophthalmic surgery that can cause systemic effects. Also, many medications administered by the anesthesiologist can have undesirable effects on the eye. Common ophthalmologic surgeries and conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity, ruptured globe, and strabismus all have specific anesthetic considerations.
Desmin and Heart Disease

Desmin is the major intermediate filament protein in muscle cells and is one of the earliest myogenic markers of skeletal and cardiac muscle differentiation. The muscle-specific expression of desmin is regulated by a unique combination of transcriptional and epigenetic controls. Desmin protein functions in the maintenance of myofibril organization and structural and functional integrity of muscle. Loss-of-function studies in mice suggest an additional role for desmin in mitochondrial distribution, morphology, and function. Mutations in desmin or its chaperone protein αB-crystallin are associated with myopathy of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The “desminopathies” are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular desmin-positive protein inclusions and gain of function transgenic models show that mutations in desmin and αB-crystallin are autosomal dominant and sufficient to recapitulate the most important aspects of the human disease. Further study of these models has revealed that a large number of pathological processes are involved in disease development, which may provide starting points for targeting future therapeutic interventions.
Assimilation, Toleration, and the State's Interest in the Development of Religious Doctrine

Thirty-five years ago, in the context of a church-property dispute, Justice William Brennan observed that government interpretation of religious doctrine and judicial intervention in religious disputes are undesirable, because when "civil courts undertake to resolve [doctrinal] controversies..., the hazards are ever present of inhibiting the free development of religious doctrine and of implicating secular interests in matters of purely ecclesiastical concern." This statement, at first, seems wise and fittingly cautious, even unremarkable and obvious. On examination, though, it turns out to be intriguing, elusive, and misleading. Indeed, Justice Brennan's warning presents "hazards" of its own, and its premises - if uncritically embraced - can subtly distort our constitutional discourse. This Article provides a careful and close examination of the statement's premises and implications, and concludes that, far from being a "purely ecclesiastical concern," the content of religious doctrine and the trajectory of its development are matters to which even a secular, liberal, and democratic government will almost certainly attend. It is not the case that governments like ours are or can be "neutral" with respect to religion's claims and content. As this Article shows, the content, meaning, and implications of religious doctrine are and have long been the subjects of government power and policy. Secular, liberal, democratic governments like ours not only take cognizance of, but also and in many ways seek to assimilate - that is, to transform - religion and religious teaching. And, it is precisely because such governments do have an interest in the content, and, therefore, in the "development," of religious doctrine - an interest that they will, if permitted, quite understandably pursue - that authentic religious freedom is so fragile.
In situ, amplification-free double-stranded mutation detection at 60 copies/ml with thousand-fold wild type in urine.

Abstract We have investigated amplification-free in situ double-stranded mutation detection in urine in the concentration range 10–19 M﻿ – 10–16 M using piezoelectric plate sensors (PEPs). The detection was carried out in a close-loop flow with two temperature zones. The 95 °C high-temperature zone served as the reservoir where the sample was loaded and DNA de-hybridized. The heated urine was cooled flowing through a 1 m long tubing immersed in room-temperature water bath at a flow rate of 4 ml/min to reach the detection cell at the desired temperature for the detection to take place. With hepatitis B virus double mutation (HBVDM) and KRAS G12V point mutation as model double mutations, it is shown that PEPS was able to detect double-stranded HBVDM and KRAS with 70% detection efficiency or better at concentration as low as 10–19 M against single-stranded mutation detection at the same concentrations, which was validated by the following in situ fluorescent reporter microspheres (FRMs) detection as well as microscopic visualization of the FRMs bound to the captured mutant on the PEPS surface. Furthermore, the same double-stranded mutation detection efficacy was demonstrated at 10–19 M – 10–16 M in a background of 250-fold wildtype for HBVDM and 1000-fold wildtype for KRAS. Also demonstrated was detection of KRAS mutation at 10–19 M – 10–16 M of SW480 DNA fragments in urine.
Antenna System for Full-Duplex Operation of Handheld Radios

A full-duplex handheld antenna system for ad hoc communications based on a circular array of four half-wavelength dipole antennas is discussed. The dipoles are fed in two orthogonal phase modes for the transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX), by means of a beamforming network (BFN). This mode multiplexing technique provides high isolation between TX and RX ports. Two different BFNs are researched, which differ only in the phase mode of the TX path. TX is fed in either mode 1 (M1) or a mixed mode (MM), and the RX is fed in mode 0 (M0). M1–M0 BFN achieves omnidirectional patterns for both TX and RX with a high system isolation (i.e., >30 dB) over the allocated frequency band (i.e., 1.75–1.85 GHz). When the TX is fed in MM, the system isolation increases to >43 dB. A prototype is built and measured, demonstrating high isolation level (i.e., >30 dB) over the operational bandwidth. For actual field implementation, the impact of imbalances in the commercial off-the-shelf BFN components, as well as a soldier’s body and helmet on the antenna system isolation, is carefully studied.
Temporal changes in peg hydrogel structure influence human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and matrix mineralization.

Preventing bone resorption or facilitating bone regeneration are major clinical challenges for several dental procedures, including ridge preservation after tooth extractions, integration of tooth implants, and the treatment of severe periodontal disease1, 2. Many of the current treatments fail because of the inability of the materials and methods to heal osseous defects. Thus, recent directions in tissue engineering suggest strategies to design synthetic carriers for cell-based therapies that are targeted towards bone regeneration. For example, several groups3, 4, 5 are interested in the development of injectable gel carriers that would allow simple and reproducible clinical delivery of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to treat bone defects. From a bone tissue engineering perspective, hMSCs have many advantages. A large number of hMSCs can be easily obtained by aspiration of adult bone marrow6, and these multipotent cells can then be coaxed to differentiate into osteoblasts by exposure to specific growth factors or hormones at the right time and with the right dose (e.g., dexamethasone, BMPs, others)7, 8, 9. During their differentiation to osteoblasts, hMSCs secrete significant amounts of extracellular matrix molecules, providing further advantages for tissue regeneration. Because of these properties, numerous groups are exploring the development of hydrogels for three-dimensional culture and expansion of hMSCs; controlled differentiation of hMSCs to osteoblasts10, chondrocytes11, and other cell types12; and the targeted delivery of hMSCs to bone defects13.
Increased risk of head injury in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the general pediatric population is 7%, whereas the prevalence in trauma is unknown. We hypothesized pediatric patients with ADHD would have a higher risk of involvement in a mechanism of injury (MOI) requiring constant attention to surroundings, such as a bicycle collision. METHODS The Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014-2016) was queried for patients with ADHD. Patients, less than 16 years of age, with ADHD were compared to those without ADHD. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD was 2.5% (2,866). ADHD patients had higher risk for bicycle collision (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.15; p < .001). ADHD bicyclists were less likely to wear a helmet (9.4% vs. 18.2%, p = .003) and had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI; 55.6% vs. 39.7%, p < .001), compared to non-ADHD bicyclists. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric ADHD patients have a 60% higher risk of being involved in a bicycle collision. ADHD patients that are involved in a bicycle collision are less likely to wear a helmet with a higher rate of TBI. Increased public awareness, education, and supervision may help reduce risk of bicycle collisions and TBI in this population.
Utilization of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) To Track Patient Outcomes in a Multidisciplinary VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center

Date Presented 04/06/19 We introduced the COPM to guide our multidisciplinary polytrauma rehab team’s efforts in order to focus on client-identified goals and more cohesive client-centered care. Paired sample t-tests conducted for our 78 participants revealed significant functional improvement (t = -13.23, p < 0.001) and improvement in satisfaction with performance (t = -14.36, p < 0.001) from admission to discharge. Team members agree that the instrument supports more cohesive and client-centered care. Primary Author and Speaker: Christine Gentry Additional Authors and Speakers: Sherri Pearson
The Edge-Count Criterion for Graphic Lists

We give a new short proof of Koren's characterization of graphic lists, extended to multigraphs with bounded multiplicity $p$, called $p$-graphs . The Edge-Count Criterion (ECC) for an integer $n$-tuple $d$ and integer $p$ is the statement that for all disjoint sets $I$ and $J$ of indices, $\sum_{i\in I} d_i+\sum_{j\in J} [p(n-1)-d_j]\ge p|I|\,|J|$. An integer list $d$ is the degree list of a $p$-graph if and only if it has even sum and satisfies ECC. Analogous statements hold for bipartite or directed graphs, and an old characterization of degree lists of signed graphs follows as a corollary of the extension to multigraphs.
Platinum and Palladium Monolayer Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation

The direct formic acid fuel cell holds great promise as a next generation portable power source. Here we report an experimental study on Pt and Pd monolayer (Pt* and Pd*) atop the close-packed facet of transition metal substrates (denoted Pt*/M or Pd*/M, where M = Pt, Pd, Ir, Au, Rh and Ru) model catalysts for formic acid oxidation (FAO) and demonstrate a promotional effect on Pt*/Au(111) and Pd*/Pt(111) surfaces. Contrary to findings on monometallic surfaces, in situ infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy collected during formic acid oxidation at potentials anodic of 375 mV reveal that the poisoning reaction intermediate CO is not formed on the monolayer surfaces, suggesting a promotion of the direct mechanisms of FAO at the expense of the indirect mechanism through CO. Our density functional theory calculations on model surfaces with 1:1 stoichiometry for overlayer to support metal atoms for the thermochemistry of the elementary steps defined by adsorbed CO, OH, COOH, and HCOO on the (111) facet of Pt, PtML/Au, Pd, and PdML/Pt largely attribute the promotional effect observed for the monolayer catalysts to easier removal of CO brought about by easier activation of water, relative to the monometallic catalysts. This synergy between experiments and theory brings us closer to a fundamental understanding of FAO electrocatalysts under reaction conditions, paving the way to achieving more active electrocatalysts possibly with less Pt or Pd; a pre-requisite for the mass commercialization of this technology.
Better homes and safer spaces

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic has transformed our homes into schools, workplaces, recreational centers, and experimental kitchens, rendering us increasingly aware of the opportunities and constraints built into their design. In her new book, The Great Indoors, science journalist Emily Anthes helps us channel this awareness into an appreciation of how design alters our feelings and behaviors within built environments.
Thinking Outside the Black Box: Current Perceptions on Breast Implant Safety and Utility.

BACKGROUND There is growing public concern surrounding breast implant safety. In fact, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently proposed changes to breast implant labeling, which include a boxed warning. Given such efforts to increase transparency on breast implant safety, this study assessed laywomen's perceptions of breast implant safety, and the impact of proposed changes to breast implant labeling on laywomen's decision-making regarding breast implants. METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigation of women recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Discrete choice modeling was used to query opinions on breast implants after viewing proposed labeling changes. Chi-square and analysis of variance were used for subgroup analyses, and McNemar analyses were used to assess changes in participants' responses. RESULTS The authors received 500 survey responses. At baseline, 353 participants (70.6 percent) considered breast implants to be at least somewhat safe. After viewing the proposed boxed warning, 252 participants (50.4 percent) responded that they would be less likely to receive implants. In fact, a significantly greater proportion of participants considered breast implants to be either unsafe or very unsafe after viewing suggested changes to implant labeling than at baseline (58.4 percent versus 28.8 percent; p = 0.001). By the end of the survey, willingness to consider alternative options for breast augmentation/reconstruction increased significantly from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Improved labeling can enhance laywomen's understanding of breast implant safety and can impact decision-making. However, greater scrutiny of breast implants should not prevent women who need implants from receiving them. Transparency and objectivity in the surgeon-patient dialogue can ensure the appropriate use of medical devices such as breast implants.
Iterative Program Synthesis for Adaptable Social Navigation

Robot social navigation is influenced by human preferences and environment-specific scenarios such as elevators and doors, thus necessitating end-user adaptability. State-of-the-art approaches to social navigation fall into two categories: model-based social constraints and learning-based approaches. While effective, these approaches have fundamental limitations -- model-based approaches require constraint and parameter tuning to adapt to preferences and new scenarios, while learning-based approaches require reward functions, significant training data, and are hard to adapt to new social scenarios or new domains with limited demonstrations. In this work, we propose Iterative Dimension Informed Program Synthesis (IDIPS) to address these limitations by learning and adapting social navigation in the form of human-readable symbolic programs. IDIPS works by combining program synthesis, parameter optimization, predicate repair, and iterative human demonstration to learn and adapt model-free action selection policies from orders of magnitude less data than learning-based approaches. We introduce a novel predicate repair technique that can accommodate previously unseen social scenarios or preferences by growing existing policies. We present experimental results showing that IDIPS: 1) synthesizes effective policies that model user preference, 2) can adapt existing policies to changing preferences, 3) can extend policies to handle novel social scenarios such as locked doors, and 4) generates policies that can be transferred from simulation to real-world robots with minimal effort.
SBRT treatment of abdominal and pelvic oligometastatic lymph nodes using ring-mounted Halcyon Linac.

Purpose/objectives This work seeks to evaluate the plan quality, treatment delivery efficiency, and accuracy of single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) of abdominal/pelvic oligometastatic lymph nodes (LNs) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) on Halcyon Linac. Materials and methods After completing the in-house multitarget end-to-end phantom testing and independent dose verification using MD Anderson's single-isocenter/multi-target (lung and spine target inserts) thorax phantom, eight patients with two to three abdominal/pelvic oligometastatic LNs underwent highly conformal single-isocenter VMAT-SBRT treatment using the Halcyon Linac 6MV flattening filter free (FFF) beam. Targets were identified using an Axumin PET/CT scan co-registered with planning CT images and a single-isocenter was placed between/among the targets. Doses between 25 and 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions were delivered. Patients were treated every other day. Plans were calculated in Eclipse with advanced AcurosXB algorithm for heterogeneity corrections. For comparison, Halcyon VMAT-SBRT plans were retrospectively generated for SBRT-dedicated TrueBeam with a 6MV-FFF beam using identical planning geometry and objectives. Target coverage, conformity index (CI), dose to 2 cm away from each target (D2cm) and dose to adjacent organs-at-risk (OAR) were evaluated. Additionally, various treatment delivery parameters including beam-on time were recorded. Results Phantom measurements showed acceptable spatial accuracy of conebeam CT-guided Halcyon SBRT treatments including compliance with MD Anderson's single-isocenter/multi-targets phantom credentialing results. For patients, the mean isocenter to tumor center distance was 3.4 ± 1.2 cm (range, 1.5-4.8 cm). The mean combined PTV was 18.9 ± 10.9 cc (range, 5.6-39.5 cc). There was no clinically significant difference in dose to LNs, CI, D2cm and maximal doses to OAR between single-isocenter Halcyon and Truebeam VMAT-SBRT plans, although, Halcyon plans provided preferably lower maximal dose to adjacent OAR. Additionally, total monitor units, beam-on time and overall treatment time was lower with Halcyon plans. Halcyon's portal dosimetry demonstrated a high pass rate of 98.1 ± 1.6% for clinical gamma passing criteria of 2%/2 mm. Conclusion SBRT treatment of abdominal/pelvic oligometastatic LNs with single-isocenter VMAT on Halcyon was dosimetrically equivalent to TrueBeam. Faster treatment delivery to oligometastatic LNs via single-isocenter Halcyon VMAT can improve clinic workflow and patient compliance, potentially reducing intrafraction motion errors for well-suited patients. Clinical follow-up of these patients is ongoing.
Traits and treadmills: Association between personality and perceived fatigability in well-functioning community-dwelling older adults.

Physical fatigability, or susceptibility to physical fatigue, is strongly associated with aging, disease, and disability. Over the lifecourse, personality traits are also connected to numerous age-related vulnerabilities and resistance-yet, their longitudinal association with fatigability remains unknown. Well-functioning community-dwelling volunteers aged ≥50 (N = 995) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were assessed over an average of 2 years on personality traits (NEO-PI-R; openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and perceived fatigability [Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) after a 5-min slow treadmill walk; 6 (low) to 20 (high) exertion]. Linear and multinomial logistic regression models examined cross-sectional associations [treating fatigability continuously and by RPE category: low (6-7), intermediate (8-9), and high (10+)]. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) tested longitudinal associations. All models were adjusted for demographics and comorbid conditions. In cross-sectional models, openness, β = -.09 RPE (SE =.03); p .34). Together, findings suggest that personality plays a role in the perceived tolerance of fatigue in well-functioning older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Modeling the Adoption of Internet of Things in Healthcare: A Systems Approach

The Internet of Things (IoT) has great potential to transform the healthcare industry. While there are data security and privacy challenges, the adoption of IoT advances healthcare with the integration of instantaneous and continuous data analytics. IoT enables connected monitoring systems, sensor instruments, and miniature detectors that can capture real-time health data to provide more reliable healthcare service. This paper describes a systems approach to model and analyze the adoption of IoT in the healthcare industry, seeking to provide a better understanding of shaping forces, major stakeholders, subsystems, and their interactions. We analyze how healthcare system dynamics change with IoT and how those changes impact the overall adoption rate of smart devices in healthcare. Finally, we provide an overview of the security and privacy issues that may arise with the integration of IoT in healthcare.
Abstract WP397: Using Electronic Medical Record System to Influence Management for Patients with High Risk Transient Ischemic Attack

Background: Experts consider health information technology key to improving efficiency and quality of health care. However, little is known on how the use of electronic medical record (EMR) system can affect a clinical outcome by changing its processes of care. We sought to determine if EMR could be utilized to increase urgent carotid evaluation and management of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: Changes were implemented in the standardized EMR TIA order set for Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) on July 20, 2012 adding: 1) a link to an ABCD2 score calculator, and 2) a recommendation that “acute TIA patients with an ABCD2 score ≥4 should undergo a carotid evaluation within 24 hours of symptom onset.” All patients diagnosed with TIA by Emergency Department physicians in KPNC were identified 6 months pre- and post- changes. EMR were reviewed for demographics, risk factors, imaging studies and clinical outcomes. Carotid evaluation, endarterectomy (CEA), stroke during the 90-day period after index TIA, and timing of CEA were examined. Results: Patient characteristics were similar for pre- and post-EMR order set change [Table]. Rates of carotid evaluations performed within 90 days post TIA were not significantly different between the pre- and post-order set change cohorts (76% vs. 80, p=0.28). However, there was a significant difference in the rates of CEA within 90-day post-TIA (pre=1%, post=4%, p=0.05). Median timing of CEA was shorter in the post-change cohort (30 vs. 2 days, p=0.17). Stroke risks within 90 days were similar between pre- and post- cohorts (13.6% vs. 12.2%, p=0.62). Conclusions: Our results suggest recommendations made in an EMR standardized order set could effectively influence physicians’ practice pattern in managing high-risk TIA patients. Further studies on the use of EMR to affect outcomes are needed.
Use of video to communicate possibilities for integrated information management.

As part of our information management planning process, Vanderbilt University Medical Center is using videos to capture, communicate, and obtain feed-back on end-user visions. In the spring of 1993, members of our Education, Patient Care, Research, and Administrative Domain Committees wrote scenarios to describe how they each might be working in five to ten years [1]. In December 1993, we completed a 10-minute video based on one of the Education Domain's scenarios. The video combines, through skillful editing, brief clips of interactions with existing applications and new screens prototyped with Microsoft Visual Basic to create illusions of new operational systems.
Manufacturability and reliability of different size wirebonds on different Al pad structures

The manufacturability and reliability of wirebonds depends on many factors, most of which are linked to the BEOL wafer fabrication process. This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of the effect of pad thickness and liner levels on the quality of the interconnection. Varying ball sizes are evaluated and compared for different target pitch applications. Thermal aging of the wirebonds with subsequent wire pull and ball shear was studied and the challenges of this test are described.
Mary Mary, quite contrary

L'A. se propose de reviser l'experience de pensee de Mary, appelee argument de la connaissance, developpee par F. Jackson contre les theories materialistes et physicalistes de la conscience phenomenale. Examinant l'environnement epistemique noir-et-blanc de Mary, l'A. montre que l'argument anti-materialiste s'apparente a la theorie du contenu intentionnel non-conceptuel, abstrait et equilibre, definie par M. Tye.
Socioeconomic Status and Breastfeeding Initiation among California Mothers

Results. Consistent with previous research, there was a marked socioeconomic gradient in breastfeeding. Women with higher family incomes, those who had or whose partners had higher education levels, and women who had or whose partners had professional or executive occupations were more likely than their counterparts to breastfeed. After adjustment for many potential confounders, maternal and paternal education remained positively associated with breastfeeding, while income and occupation were no longer significant. Compared with other racial or ethnic groups, foreign-born Latina women were the most likely to breastfeed. Conclusions. The significant association of maternal and paternal education with breastfeeding, even after adjustment for income, occupation, and many other factors, suggests that social policies affecting educational attainment may be important factors in breastfeeding. Breastfeeding rates may be influenced by health education specifically or by more general levels of schooling among mothers and their partners. The continuing importance of racial/ethnic differences after adjustment for socioeconomic factors could reflect unmeasured socioeconomic effects, cultural differences, and/or policies in Latin American countries.
Coupling H+ transport and ATP synthesis in F1F0-ATP synthases: glimpses of interacting parts in a dynamic molecular machine.

Reversible, F1F0-type ATPases (also termed F-ATP synthases) catalyze the synthesis of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. In animal cells, the enzyme traverses the inner mitochondrial membrane and uses the energy of an H+ electrochemical gradient, generated by electron transport, in coupling H+ translocation to ATP formation. Closely related enzymes are found in the plasma membrane of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, where the enzymes function reversibly depending upon nutritional circumstance. The F1F0-type enzymes are more distantly related to a second family of H(+)-translocating ATPases, the vacuolar-type or V-ATPases. Recent structural information has provided important hints as to how these enzymes couple H+ transport to the chemical work of ATP synthesis. The simplest F1F0-type enzymes, e.g. as in E. coli, are composed of eight types of subunits in an unusual stoichiometry of alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon (F1) and a1b2c12 (F0). F1 extends from the membrane, with the alpha and beta subunits alternating around a central subunit gamma. ATP synthesis occurs alternately in different beta subunits, the cooperative tight binding of ADP + Pi at one catalytic site being coupled to ATP release at a second. The differences in binding affinities appear to be caused by rotation of the gamma subunit in the center of the alpha 3 beta 3 hexamer. The gamma subunit traverses a 4.5 nm stalk connecting the catalytic subunits to the membrane-traversing F0 sector. Subunit c is the H(+)-translocating subunit of F0. Protonation/deprotonation of Asp61 in the center of the membrane is coupled to structural changes in an extramembranous loop of subunit c which interacts with both the gamma and epsilon subunits. Subunits gamma and epsilon appear to move from one subunit c to another as ATP is synthesized. The torque of such movement is proposed to cause the rotation of gamma within the alpha 3 beta 3 complex. Four protons are translocated for each ATP synthesized. The movement of gamma and epsilon therefore probably involves a unit of four c subunits. The organization of subunits in F0 remains a mystery; it will have to be understood if we are to understand the mechanism of torque generation.
Dynorphin A (1–8) Analog, E-2078, Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier in Rhesus Monkeys

E-2078 is a dynorphin A (1–8) analog, [N-methyl-Tyr 1 , N-methyl-Arg 7 -d-Leu 8 ] dynorphin A (1–8) ethylamide. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier was examined in rhesus monkeys using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. In vivo studies were carried out by i.v. injecting E-2078, 10 mg/kg, a dose that had been found to be antinociceptive, to rhesus monkeys. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected at various time points after the injection. It was found that E-2078 was stable in vivo in rhesus monkey blood. No biotransformation products were detected in the blood. Mass spectrometric analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid samples collected after E-2078 injection detected the presence of E-2078, indicating that E-2078 had crossed the blood-brain barrier. These findings are consistent with the possibility that systemically administered E-2078 could produce centrally mediated behavioral and physiological effects.
A comprehensive approach to the integration of daylight and electric light in buildings

Abstract Effective daylighting within an interior space depends to a large extent on the shape and size of the building. However, it is often impossible to illuminate a building exclusively by daylight. In this paper we review the past and present attitudes regarding optimal utilization of daylight in deep interiors. Such an optimal solution seems to be an integration of daylight and electric light. Various concepts of integration are examined, starting with permanent supplementary artificial lighting of interiors (PSALI), and a comprehensive list of types of integration is proposed. The preferred type for a specific design depends on activity pattern, visual requirements, location, climate, etc. Human requirements, energy saving, and cost-effectiveness are examined as determinants for optimal integration.
Growth, Feed Conversions, and Yields of Turkey Parts of Three Strains of Hen Turkeys as Influenced by Age

Abstract Effects of age on the growth, feed to gain ratios, individual part weights, and yields of hen turkeys were determined weekly from ages 12 to 21 weeks. Two hundred birds from each of three strains (A, B, and C) were processed. All three strains of hen turkeys continued to gain weight throughout the study. During the 12 to 21-week-old period birds grew from an average of 4.76 kg to 9.17 kg, while the cumulative feed to gain ratios went from 1.97 to 2.94. Strain B consistently weighed more than Strains A and C for the duration of the study. Weights of all parts increased as hens grew larger. However, the parts’ proportion of total weight changed. Percentages of breast, breast muscle, and fat increase, while percentages of wing, drumstick, and skin decreased. Breast, breast muscle, and fat yields increased from 32.8 to 35.9%, 23.8 to 28.0%, and 1.7 to 5.1%, respectively. Both wing and drumstick percentages declined from approximately 14.0 to 12.0%. Thigh, thigh muscle, and shell percentages varied, but ended near their starting levels, of 14.8, 10.5, and 21.8%, respectively. At 21 weeks of age the hen turkeys were still gaining body weight. Breast weight–both actual and percentages–were still increasing.
The importance of recognizingand measuring delirium

Delirium is one of the most c o m m o n neur o p s y c h i a t r i c d i s o r d e r s in m e d i c a l l y ill patients, and is est imated to occur in 10%35% of hospitalized inpatients. 1'2 It is associa ted with significantly increased morbidity, m o r t a l i t y a n d u t i l i z a t i o n o f h e a l t h c a r e services. 2-9 Yet, despite its high prevalence and costs, it goes und iagnosed in 32%-6 7% of patients and remains largely under t rea ted . 3'9 While it has gained increasing at tent ion over the past decade, this c o m m o n disorder has been unduly ignored by research. T h e nega t ive o u t c o m e s iden t i f i ed with delir ium are considerable. Delir ium has been associated with mortali ty rates ranging f rom 10% to 65%. 3 F u r t h e r m o r e , pa t i en t s with delir ium have been shown to have significantly p r o l o n g e d hospital stays c o m p a r e d to nondelirious patients with similar illnesses 6 and are at much higher risk for institutional placem e n t after discharge f rom the hospital. 2 The cost of additional hospital care resulting f rom delir ium is substantial; researchers estimate a $1-2 billion dollar annual savings if the hospital stay of every delirious pa t ien t could be reduced by just 1 day. 7 Delirium can also affect m e d i c a l o u t c o m e s a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n in treatment-related decisions. It interferes with self-care activities, such as taking medications, maintaining activities, eating, cleanliness, and
Retrieval of Water Vapor Profiles Using SSM/T-2 and SSM/I Data

Abstract A physically based retrieval algorithm is presented that retrieves water vapor profiles from Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature-2 (SSM/T-2) passive microwave brightness temperature measurements. This method can use SSM/T-2 data alone or in conjunction with data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Several SSM/I channels, as well as total integrated water vapor (TIWV) retrieved from SSM/I, are tested to see if they add value to the retrieval. In the retrieval process, TIWV is formally treated as a separate channel. It is found that using the SSM/I TIWV increases the yield of the retrieval (the percentage of retrieved profiles whose brightness temperatures agree with the observations, on average, to within the noise level of the instrument), as well as reduces the average normalized brightness temperature error. Also, use of the TIWV allows the omission of the SSM/T-2 150-GHz channel data without a significant impact on results. It is shown that by using the SSM/I TIWV, retrievals ca...