cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relation among Voice Value, Policy Outcomes, and Intensity of Support on Fairness Assessments of Tax Legislation

ABSTRACT: We conduct a quasi-experiment to determine whether the value placed on a taxpayer's opinion by an elected representative (valued or not valued) has an impact on the taxpayer's procedural and outcome fairness perceptions. We also examine how the taxpayer's intensity of support for the tax legislation interacts with both the value the elected representative placed on the taxpayer's voiced opinion and whether the taxpayer's preferred policy outcome is ultimately passed in a representative democracy. We recruited 92 participants from graduate accounting classes and assigned them to four experimental groups based on whether the elected officials valued their opinion, and whether their desired legislation was passed. As predicted, perceptions of fairness are more positively associated with receiving a desired outcome as intensity of support for an issue increases. Further, we find that taxpayers who do not have a strong intensity of support for a particular legislative position react favorably to havi...
Effects of reduced energy intake on protein utilization in obese children

Abstract Dietary treatment of pediatric obesity is a challenge given the need for adequate nutrients to support the maintenance of lean tissue and growth. The primary purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of reduced energy intake on protein turnover in obese children aged 8 to 10 years. Following a 2-week baseline period, 16 subjects reduced energy intake during a 6-week intervention period. At baseline and following the intervention, 15 N-glycine methodology was used to measure nitrogen flux (Q), protein synthesis (PS), protein breakdown (PB), and net turnover ([NET] PS — PB). Other criterion measures included resting metabolic rate (RMR), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), urinary creatinine to height ratio (Cr:Ht), and nitrogen balance (NB). On average, subjects lost 2.2 ± 0.3 kg, of which greater than 85% was FM. Decreased Q ( P = .03) indicated downregulation of protein turnover in response to diet-induced weight loss. While PB did not change, NET declined slightly ( P = .06) as a consequence of reduced PS ( P = .03). Reductions in FFM ( P = .09), Cr:Ht ( P = .02), and NB ( P = .03) accompanied alterations in protein turnover, but there was no change in the RMR. In conclusion, while short-term therapy promoted the loss of FM and did not compromise RMR, practitioners must be cautious when prescribing diets, given the observed changes in protein utilization and somatic protein status. Longitudinal studies are needed to further characterize the metabolic responses of obese children to long-term diet therapy.
Race, Location, and Education: The Election of Black Mayors in the 1990s

Throughout the 1990s, unprecedented numbers of Black mayors were elected in large American cities. Previous explanatory factors for Black mayoral success based on the 1970s and 1980s may no longer be adequate given the economic transformations to cities in the 1990s. This study examines structural demographic data to investigate the trends in Black mayoral success. The author finds that the proportion of the Black population, educational attainment, and regional location affect the electoral success of Black mayors.
The effect of an oxidant on the production of metal smoke particles

Abstract Na, K, and Zn smoke particles were produced by nucleation from the vapor entrained in a flowing inert gas stream at pressure of 1–50 Torr, and light scattering techniques were used to study them. Particle formation in all three studied systems required supersaturations greater than 10 5 . The addition of an oxidant greatly affected the particle formation process with the type and rate of particle formation dependent on the ratio of oxidant to metal vapor.
A Method for Age Synchrony of Panagrellus Redivivus in Xenic Culture

A method for synchronizing yeast fed populations of female Panagrellus redivivus has been developed. Synchronous cultures are begun with 1 or 2 day old larvae and resynchronized at 7 days of age and every 3 days thereafter. Synchrony is obtained by separating parents from progeny, and females from males, on sucrose gradients. Using this method synchrony has been maintained from the peak of reproduction to the median life span of individuals in selected populations.
Protein for exercise and recovery.

Dietary protein is required to promote growth, repair damaged cells and tissue, synthesize hormones, and for a variety of metabolic activities. There are multiple sources of proteins available; how...
m-Benzene in a Heterobimetallic Fluoroalkoxide: CH.FC Hydrogen Bonding?

The syntheses of Lewis base-free [Pb(HFIP)(2)] (HFIP = OCH(CF(3))(2)) and [Li(HFIP)] are described. [Pb(OR)(2)] (OR = O(i)Pr or HFIP) reacts with [LiOR] to give [PbLi(OR)(3)](n)(), which sublimes intact at a temperature lower than the sublimation temperatures of its constituent alkoxides. By multinuclear solution NMR spectroscopy, evidence for more than one [PbLi(OR)(3)] oligomer is found. The HFIP heterobimetallic species crystallizes from benzene as a dimer (i.e., n = 2) with 1 equiv of C(6)H(6) in its lattice, while the nonfluorinated analog does not. The numerous CH.FC distances observed by a crystallographic study approach the sum of the van der Waals radii of H and F. Crystallographic data (Po at -172 degrees C) for [Pb(2)Li(2)(HFIP)(6)(C(6)H(6))]: a = 10.020(4) A, b = 12.367(5) A, c = 9.784(4) A, alpha = 106.03(2) degrees, beta = 107.72(2) degrees, and gamma = 105.36(2) degrees with Z = 1.
Integrative genomic analysis of CREB defines a critical role for transcription factor networks in mediating the fed/fasted switch in liver

Metabolic homeostasis in mammals critically depends on the regulation of fasting-induced genes by CREB in the liver. Previous genome-wide analysis has shown that only a small percentage of CREB target genes are induced in response to fasting-associated signaling pathways. The precise molecular mechanisms by which CREB specifically targets these genes in response to alternating hormonal cues remain to be elucidated. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing of CREB in livers from both fasted and re-fed mice. In order to quantitatively compare the extent of CREB-DNA interactions genome-wide between these two physiological conditions we developed a novel, robust analysis method, termed the ‘single sample independence’ (SSI) test that greatly reduced the number of false-positive peaks. We found that CREB remains constitutively bound to its target genes in the liver regardless of the metabolic state. Integration of the CREB cistrome with expression microarrays of fasted and re-fed mouse livers and ChIP-seq data for additional transcription factors revealed that the gene expression switches between the two metabolic states are associated with co-localization of additional transcription factors at CREB sites. Our results support a model in which CREB is constitutively bound to thousands of target genes, and combinatorial interactions between DNA-binding factors are necessary to achieve the specific transcriptional response of the liver to fasting. Furthermore, our genome-wide analysis identifies thousands of novel CREB target genes in liver, and suggests a previously unknown role for CREB in regulating ER stress genes in response to nutrient influx.
Implementation of high-dimensional feature map for segmentation of MR images

A method that considerably reduces the computational and memory complexities associated with the generation of high-dimensional (≥3) feature maps for image segmentation is described. The method is based on the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification and consists of two parts: preprocessing of feature space and fast KNN. This technique is implemented on a PC and applied for generating 3D and 4D feature maps for segmenting MR brain images of multiple sclerosis patients.
The orienting response to brief auditory stimuli in preweanling and adult rats

The cardiac orienting response to brief auditory stimuli was measured in preweanling and adult rats. The eliciting stimulus varied in duration (2 or 10 s) and complexity (continuous or pulsing). Stimulus complexity affected response magnitude with the pulsing stimulus eliciting a larger response than the continuous stimulus. Stimulus duration affected response persistence but only when a pulsing stimulus was used. In contrast to recent research with stimuli of much longer duration, age did not significantly affect any aspect of the cardiac response to the novel auditory stimuli in the present study. These results are discussed in terms of (1) the effects of stimulus duration on the heart-rate component of the orienting response and (2) two-stage models of attention.© 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Faith, Race‐Ethnicity, and Public Policy Preferences: Religious Schemas and Abortion Attitudes Among U.S. Latinos

Research has demonstrated that white conservative Protestants are more opposed to abortion than their Catholic counterparts. At the same time, conservative Protestantism has made significant inroads among U.S. Latinos. This study augments existing research on religion and racial-ethnic variations in abortion attitudes by comparing levels of support for legalized abortion among Catholic and conservative Protestant Latinos. Data are from a nationally representative sample of U.S. Latinos. A significantly greater opposition to abortion is found among religiously devout conservative Protestant Latinos when compared with their Catholic counterparts. Latino Catholicism, which functions as a near-monopolistic, highly institutionalized faith tradition among Hispanics, producesweakerantiabortionattitudesthanthoseexhibitedinLatinoconservativeProtestantism.AmongLatinos, conservative Protestantism operates as a niche voluntaristic faith. These factors produce a religious schema that yields robust antiabortion attitudes. This study has important implications for understanding the intersection of race-ethnicity, religion, and public policy preferences.
19F contact interaction shifts: Effects of fluorine conjugation

19F contact interaction constants for a series of ortho-, meta- and para- substituted fluorobenzenes have been derived from isotropic hyperfine contact interaction shifts on appropriate N-substituted nickel (II) aminotroponeimineates. It is shown that the simple proportionality between proton contact interaction constants, ai , and pπ spin densities of adjacent carbon atoms, ρi , of aromatic Ċ-H fragments (ai = Qρi ) does not hold for aromatic Ċ-F fragments. Instead, there is an important ππ contribution to 19F contact interaction constants in fluoroaromatics which results from π-bonding between fluorine and the aromatic system. A self-consistent analysis of 19F contact interaction constants in fluoroaromatics is given in terms of C-F π-bond orders.
On particle transport processes: A potential theoretic approach

This article provides a potential theoretic approach to the study of particle transport stochastic processes (x ( t,w) ,Y (t ?L?:) ) where x i t ) is the temporal evolution of a non-Plarkovian particle motion and y (t) is a Markovian physical process in the medium that governs the scattering or jump of the particle.As opposed to the perturbation technique, our approach immensely enhances the applicatory value of transport processes. We begin with a sample path construction of a transport process and continue with the existence ofcertain invariant measures. Expressing the particle motion x(t) as an additive functional of the transport process (x(t),y(t)), we establish a law of large number and a functional centxal limit theorem,(a Brownian motion approximation),for the non-Markovian particle motion.
Alprazolam, caffeine and their interaction : relating DRL performance to pharmacokinetics

Three-hour sessions of differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL 45-s) in rats were used to investigate alprazolam, caffeine, and their interactions at the onset, peak and disappearance of serum alprazolam, while caffeine level remained constant. The dose-response curve (DRC) method of Poch permitted an extensive evaluation of the kind (additivity or independence) of interactions occurring in combined drug effects. The alprazolam and caffeine DRCs were used to derive theoretical additive and independent relations, and the observed combined effects compared to these functions. Behavior-time profiles of the combined effects were similarly compared. Serum alprazolam and caffeine concentrations correlated with their respective behavior-time profiles. No acute tolerance was observed either for the individual drugs or their combinations. Alprazolam was more potent than caffeine in disrupting DRL behavior. Because alprazolam is much shorter-lived (t1/2 = 32 min) than caffeine (t1/2 = 3 h) in rats, potency ratios between alprazolam and caffeine changed across session time (from 123 to 4), which determined the expression of the combined effects. Although the combined effects were not distinguishable in terms of additivity or independence in both the DRCs and in the behavior-time profiles, they showed neither synergism nor antagonism. The pharmacokinetics of alprazolam were not altered by caffeine, but those of caffeine were affected by alprazolam.
Alternative Tertiary Care Pathways for a Rural Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center

This study addresses the cost of rural health care de livery where veterans do not have ready access to ter tiary Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) but where local community health care is available. The study sample was 209 patients referred for tertiary care to a VAMC 50 miles distant from the referring rural VAMC. The cost of tertiary referral VAMC care was retrospectively compared with the cost had the patients received the tertiary care in the local community hospital located in the immediate vicinity. In addition, the cost of travel resulting from the remote access was also computed. Findings indicate that a sav ings of $309,293 could have been obtained had a local community hospital provided the tertiary care utilizing the Health Care Financing Administration Medicare rate. Data generated by the methodology of this study are expected to provide a baseline for policy decisions relating to alternative pathways for tertiary care in the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Mystical Theology Redux: The Pattern of Aquinas’Summa Theologiae

The deleterious effects of the modern divorce of spirituality and theology can and must be redressed by the revival of mystical theology, theology that is ultimately concerned with the union of God and humanity. Aquinas’Summa Theologiae provides a model of such a mystical theology, a work which is both an exhortation to contemplation and an act of contemplation. The mystical themes of the Summa are evident in four operative principles, the theoretical, the theological, the anthropological and the Christological, which bind the work together and specify the way in which Thomas articulates the union of God and humanity.
Improved Method for Calibrating a Stokes Polarimeter

We present a method for calibrating a polarization state analyzer that uses a set of well- characterized reference polarization states and makes no assumptions about the optics contained in the polarimeter other than their linearity. The method requires that a matrix be constructed that contains the data acquired for each of the reference polarization states and that this matrix be pseudoinverted. Since this matrix is usually singular, we improve the method by performing the pseudoinversion by singular value decomposition, keeping only the four largest singular values. We demonstrate the calibration technique using an imaging polarimeter based upon liquid crystal variable retarders and with light emitting diode (LED) illumination centered at 472 nm, 525 nm, and 630 nm. We generate the reference polarization states by using an unpolarized source, a single polarizer, and a Fresnel rhomb. This method is particularly useful when calibrations are performed on field-grade instruments at a centrally maintained facility and when a traceability chain needs to be maintained.
Mission of Higher Educational Institutions in Today's World

5W, 5, E can say that the mission of institutions of higher education is being subjected to critical reexamination. That's about as much "news" as a couple of astronauts walking around on the moon. What may be really news is that the Cooperative Extension Service, often called archaic and cemented in tradition, has tackled the reexamination of its mission with vigor. Its report, A People and A Spirit, is the text I shall cite, paraphrase, and take off from [3]. It is a subject that has a special interest because most of us have lived and worked in the land-grant university tradition of combining abstract thought and research with applied service. From the way we see it, it is tempting to prescribe a large dose of the land-grant philosophy as the answer for higher education. This line, however, only invites smug self-satisfaction-we dare not indulge. New educational forms, such as urban grant universities, are thought necessary by some. State colleges and junior colleges have issued the challenge that they-not state land-grant universities-are best qualified to reach and relate to close-by communities. So land-grant schools must also be included in our examination. Cooperative Extension's study was a giant step in this direction. Today, higher education finds itself in a new position in terms of public interest and the role it should play in society. In past years, except in the uniquely different land-grant circles, higher education saw itself as charged with educating society's privileged class to serve as leaders in politics, business, cultural enrichment, and social matters. This remained the accepted role until the '30's and probably up to World War II. As such, it was of interest to few people. An interesting aside-130 years ago when the University of Missouri's first campus was being located, the town of Columbia strongly preferred the state penitentiary and felt the loser by getting the state university. Two major factors are responsible for the change in the place of higher education in society. The first relates to the real and prestige value of higher education. A college education has become a normal aspiration for
How Education Empowers Older Adults

Abstract This article briefly describes the recent growth, interest and development of education for individuals in their retirement or later years. It suggests that the relationship between retirement and education is important. The author offers specific information about one educational program for older adults and some actual classroom experiences to demonstrate the connections between education and empowerment.
Natural language processing in information retrieval

The role and contributions of natural-language processing in information-retrieval and artificial-intelligence research is examined in the context of large operational information-retrieval systems and services. State-of-the-art information-retrieval systems are found to combine the functional capabilities of the conventional inverted file—Boolean logic—term adjacency approach, commonly employed by commercial search services, with statistical-combinatoric techniques pioneered in experimental information-retrieval research and formal natural-language processing methods and tools borrowed from artificial intelligence. © 1986 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
NOS3 polymorphisms, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular disease risk: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Objective Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) activity and cigarette smoking significantly influence endothelial function. We sought to determine whether cigarette smoking modified the association between NOS3 polymorphisms and risk of coronary heart disease or stroke.
Effects of Studying to Music and Post-Study Relaxation on Reading Comprehension.

20 female and 20 male college students studied a passage in quiet surroundings or while listening to preferred music and then either relaxed or read unrelated material. Reading comprehension of the...
A new canonical form for an adaptive observer

A new canonical form for an adaptive observer is presented which estimates the state and identifies the parameters of an unknown n th order linear time-invariant system. This is the simplest adaptive observer presented so far in the literature. The adaptive scheme is shown to be globally asymptotically stable, thus guaranteeing the convergence of the identification process.
JUDITH MERKLE RILEY

Judith Merkle Riley, longtime professor of government at Claremont McKenna College and bestselling novelist under her married name, Judith Merkle Riley, died at her home in Claremont, California, on September 12, 2010, of cancer. She was 68.
Bayesian model selection in spatial lattice models

Abstract This work describes a Bayesian approach for model selection in Gaussian conditional autoregressive models and Gaussian simultaneous autoregressive models which are commonly used to describe spatial lattice data. The approach is aimed at situations where all competing models have the same mean structure, but differ on some aspects of their covariance structures. The proposed approach uses as selection criterion the posterior model probabilities computed using some default priors for the model parameters. The proposed methodology is illustrated using two real datasets.
THE REACTIONS BETWEEN BACTERIA AND ANIMAL TISSUES UNDER CONDITIONS OF ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION : IV. THE CULTIVATION OF TUBERCLE BACILLI WITH ANIMAL TISSUES IN VITRO.

In plasma cultures, with or without tissue, tubercle bacilli form characteristic streptothrix-like colonies of loosely twisted skeins of threads. In plasma tissue cultures embryonal connective tissue and epithelial cells phagocytyze tubercle bacilli freely. Splenic tissue cultures from fourteen day or older embryos if inoculated with isolated bacilli will phagocytyze and prevent the development of all or nearly all bacilli present. If heavy inoculations of tubercle bacilli with many bacillary clumps are made in splenic cultures the bacilli develop more freely than in similar connective tissue cultures from heart tissue in spite of marked phagocytosis. In such cultures the first change seen is a clustering of small round cells, interpreted as lymphocytes, around bacillary clumps and colonies followed by a similar clustering of larger parenchymatous polygonal cells with one or several nuclei, interpreted as epithelioid cells, which phagocytyze any bacilli with which they may come in contact. The larger cells containing bacilli then fuse to form larger multinuclear cells and these by further fusion form typical giant cells with quiescent nuclei in characteristic groupings and bacilli in degenerated protoplasm away from the nuclear groups. Cells which have phagocytyzed bacilli may digest them or may be unable to do so, in which case the bacilli develop within the cells and eventually cause complete cell degeneration.
Crystallographic and thermodynamic analysis of the binding of S-octylglutathione to the Tyr 7 to Phe mutant of glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma japonicum.

Glutathione S-transferases are a family of multifunctional enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. Two tyrosine residues, Tyr 7 and Tyr 111, in the active site of the enzyme pl...
The Causes of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation

This critical review of the new political science literature on the causes of nuclear weapons proliferation consists of seven parts. The first section briefly presents what we know about which states developed nuclear weapons and which states started but abandoned weapons development programs. I highlight the problems that result from uncertainty about the accuracy and completeness of the data. The second and third sections review the literature on the spread of the technical capability to develop nuclear weapons. We still lack robust knowledge about the relationship between the development of civilian nuclear power programs and nuclear weapons acquisition. The next two sections review the literature on the demand for nuclear weapons. Comparative case studies and statistical studies have improved our understanding of the diversity of motives for weapons development and restraints, but serious gaps in our knowledge remain. The sixth section outlines alternative theories about the potential impact of the nu...
DivBayes and SubT

Summary: DivBayes is a program to estimate diversification rates from species richness and ages of a set of clades. SubT estimates diversification rates from node heights within a clade. Both programs implement Bayesian statistics and provide the ability to account for uncertainty in the ages of taxa in the underlying data, an improvement over more commonly used maximum likelihood methods. Availability: DivBayes and SubT are released as C++ source code under the GNU GPL v. 3 software license in Supplementary information 1 and 2, respectively, and at http://web.utk.edu/~kryberg/. They have been successfully compiled on various Linux, MacOS X and Windows systems. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Compatibility of Queueing Theory, Manufacturing Systems and SEMI Standards

Queueing theory is a powerful method to evaluate the performance of a manufacturing system. However, when applying it to a real system, both practical and theoretical issues arise. The practical issues are how to determine the parameter values for queuing models from the data available in real manufacturing systems. We explore this issue by comparing the data needed by queueing models to SEMI standards definitions. The theoretical issues are the selection of a specific queuing model and its proper use. In order to illustrate this, we design a specific situation for the applications of an M/M/1/Unreliable Machine queue, and compare the performances of two other approaches with it. The results show that, depending on the approach chosen, the differences in approximation error for cycle time can be over 30% at lower utilization levels.
Classification of multispectral image data by the binary diamond neural network and by nonparametric, pixel-by-pixel methods

The study deals with the application of nonparametric pixel-by-pixel classification methods in the classification of pixels, based on their multispectral data. A neural network, the binary diamond, is introduced, and its performance is compared with a nearest neighbor algorithm and a back-propagation network. The binary diamond is a multilayer, feedforward neural network, which learns from examples in unsupervised one-shot mode. It recruits its neurons according to the actual training set, as it learns. The comparisons of the algorithms were done using a realistic database, consisting of approximately 90000 Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper pixels. The binary diamond and the nearest neighbor performances were close, with some advantages to the binary diamond. The performance of the back-propagation network lagged behind. An efficient nearest neighbor algorithm, the binned nearest neighbor, is described. Ways for improving the performances, such as merging categories and analyzing nonboundary pixels, are addressed and evaluated. >
Short communication: Identification and differentiation of bifidobacteria obtained from Ukraine

Ten freeze-dried bifidobacterial strains used as probiotics in Ukrainian dairy foods, identified by the supplier as Bifidobacterium adolescentis (2), Bifidobacterium bifidum (2), Bifidobacterium longum (4), Bifidobacterium animalis (1), and Bifidobacterium infantis (1), were characterized. Following rehydration and anaerobic growth on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe-cysteine medium at 37°C for 72 h, single-colony isolates were picked and evaluated using PCR primers specific for the Bifidobacterium genus, for the supplier-identified species, and for B. animalis ssp. lactis. All isolates were identified as members of the genus Bifidobacterium; however, species-specific PCR revealed all 10 isolates were actually strains of B. animalis ssp. lactis. Further evaluation using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was only able to separate a single strain (RT 09) from the other 9 strains evaluated. Application of genome-wide allelic profiling to the Ukrainian bifidobacterial strains revealed 4 distinct groups. Interestingly, 6 (60%) of the isolates fell into the same cluster as that containing the common commercial probiotic strain BB-12. Two of the strains (RT 02 and RT 09) were found to be in the same group as ATCC 27536 and one strain (RT 08) was in the same group as the RB 7239 (a previously evaluated commercial strain). One strain, RT 04, was placed on a unique branch. These results highlight the importance of employing routine typing of bifidobacterial isolates, demonstrate the utility of single nucleotide polymorphism/insertion-deletion polymorphism-based allelic typing in B. animalis ssp. lactis strain differentiation and further point to the limited genetic variability of B. animalis ssp. lactis strains and the worldwide distribution of a small number of commercial strains.
Pressure and temperature derivatives of the isotropic polycrystalline shear modulus for 65 elements

Abstract Experimental values are tabulated for the temperature derivative of the isotropic polycrystalline shear modulus for 47 elements and for the pressure derivative for 39 elements. Equations are derived to estimate these derivatives, and the estimated values generally compare well with the experimental data. These equations have been used to determine pressure and temperature derivatives of the isotropic polycrystalline shear modulus for other elements for which no experimental data are available.
A multi-standard DSL central office modem SoC

The ADSL central office SoC supports 16 ADSL2+ modems, each running at 16Mbit/s simultaneously and is configurable to satisfy multiple standards. The 107M-transistor SoC supports 12475M C-programmable and configurable DSP accelerator MACs/s. The 145mm/sup 2/ chip is implemented in a 0.13 /spl mu/m 6M process and dissipates 27W at 494MHz.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus (DF-2) Infection: A Continuing Challenge for Clinicians and Microbiologists*

Capnocytophaga canimorsus , an opportunistic pathogen associated with dog bite or cat scratch, is a slow-growing, Gram-negative bacterium which causes serious complications in patients who are asplenic, alcoholic, or both. We report a case of meningitis and septicemia caused by C. canimorsus in a 66-year-old man who had a history of splenectomy and alcohol abuse as well as a recent dog bite. At the regional laboratory of a large health maintenance organization, C. canimorsus was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood. To treat the multiple complications which developed, we administered cefotaxime, penicillin G, intravenous fluid, and methylprednisolone. The patient improved rapidly while receiving antimicrobial treatment. His uneventful recovery included reversal of hypotension, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. In asplenic and immunocompromised patients, isolation and identification of C. canimorsus should be followed by appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Education about the dysgonic and capnophilic nature of this organism as well as its sources can prevent this animal-associated infection. Keywords: bacterial infections, bites and stings, Capnocytophaga , dogs:cats, Gram-negative bacteria, meningitis, septicemia, splenectomy.
Determinants of Investor Reaction to Announcement of SEC 10B-5 Lawsuit

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) of 1995 requires SEC 10B-5 lawsuits to cite facts supporting a strong inference of fraud but there is little evidence of an association between the market’s reaction to SEC 10B-5 lawsuit filing announcement and lawsuit filing attributes that give rise to an inference of fraud. Using a sample of 296 SEC 10B-5 lawsuits between 1996 and 2005, this study examines the relation between lawsuit attributes used to form fraud inferences and 3-day abnormal returns around SEC 10B-5 lawsuit announcement. We report a more adverse market reaction to SEC 10B-5 lawsuit announcement when the auditor of the firm is charged in the lawsuit. We also document the ‘deep pocket effect’ in the announcement returns with a more negative market reaction for larger firms as well as firms with lower leverage. Collectively, the results suggest that auditor liability is considered as a strong inference of fraud and investor anticipation of litigation costs influence the market’s reaction to securities lawsuits in the post-PSLRA period.
A pseudopotential based theory of the driving forces for electromigration in metals

Abstract We present a pseudopotential calculation of the driving forces for atomic migration in metals in the presence of electron currents. When electrons are scattered by impurities in a metal, we find that a force is generally exerted on each atom in the vicinity of the scattering center. Because the scattering is predominantly elastic, it is possible to express this force field as the classical electrostatic force arising from the total electronic charge, as has been assumed by Friedel and Bosvieux. The electron charge density is determined from a pseudopotential calculation, and the resulting force is expressed as a sum of effective interactions between the diffusing atom and all crystal defects. The forces on an atom arising from the electron scattering and from the applied electric field together comprise the driving force which causes a net current of atoms. The driving forces are calculated for intestitial and vacancy migration in several metals, and the results are found to compare favorably with most experimental data.
Numerical Simulations of Comets: Predictions for Comet Giacobini-Zinner

Simulations of Comet Giacobini-Zinner's interaction with solar wind are described and results are presented. The simulations are carried out via the numerical solution of the ideal MHD equations as an initial value problem in a uniform solar wind. The calculations are performed on a Cartesian mesh centered at the comet. Results reveal that the first significant modifications of the solar wind along the ISEE/ICE trajectory will occur 100,000 km from the solar wind comet axis.
Interstitial cells of Cajal in the human fetal small bowel as shown by c-kit immunohistochemistry

Background Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) express the tyrosine kinase receptor c-kit, which is required for their development and spontaneous pacemaker activity in the bowel. From murine models it has been proposed that ICCs do not develop until after birth, but more recent findings indicate that c-kit is expressed early in the embryonic period. The temporal development of ICCs in the human gut remains unknown. Aim To investigate ICCs in the human fetal small bowel using c-kit immunohistochemistry. Subjects Small bowel specimens were obtained at post mortem examination of 16 fetuses and nine neonates, eight of whom were premature, born at gestational ages of 13 to 41 weeks, without gastrointestinal disorders. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on material fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The specimens were exposed to antibodies raised against c-kit (an ICC marker) and neurone specific enolase (a general neuronal marker). The ABC complex method was used to visualise binding of antibodies to the corresponding antigens. Results c-kit immunoreactive cells were visualised from 13 weeks of gestation. The immunoreactivity was mainly localised in association with the myenteric plexus. From about 17–18 weeks of gestation, the ICCs formed a layer along the myenteric plexus, whereas this layer appeared to be disrupted at 13–16 weeks of gestation. Conclusions ICCs are c-kit immunoreactive at least from a gestational age of 13 weeks in the human fetal small intestine. From 17–18 weeks of gestation until birth, they form a continuous layer around the myenteric ganglia.
Properties of Cotton Fabrics Treated with Fluorocarbon Combinations with Water Repellents

This paper shows some of the effects which can be obtained on cotton through the combined use of a fluorochemical textile finish and conventional water-repellent products. The types of water repell...
Inhibitory effects of omega-3 fatty acids on injury-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation contribute to delayed wound healing

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling is required for optimal intestinal wound healing. Since n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alter EGFR signaling and suppress downstream activation of key signaling pathways, we hypothesized that DHA would be detrimental to the process of intestinal wound healing. Using a mouse immortalized colonocyte model, DHA uniquely reduced EGFR ligand-induced receptor activation, whereas DHA and its metabolic precursor eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduced wound-induced EGFR transactivation compared with control (no fatty acid or linoleic acid). Under wounding conditions, the suppression of EGFR activation was associated with a reduction in downstream activation of cytoskeletal remodeling proteins (PLCγ1, Rac1, and Cdc42). Subsequently, DHA and EPA reduced cell migration in response to wounding. Mice were fed a corn oil-, DHA-, or EPA-enriched diet prior to intestinal wounding (2.5% dextran sodium sulfate for 5 days followed by termination after 0, 3, or 6 days of recovery). Mortality was increased in EPA-fed mice and colonic histological injury scores were increased in EPA- and DHA-fed mice compared with corn oil-fed (control) mice. Although kinetics of colonic EGFR activation and downstream signaling (PLCγ1, Rac1, and Cdc42) were delayed by both n-3 PUFA, colonic repair was increased in EPA- relative to DHA-fed mice. These results indicate that, during the early response to intestinal wounding, DHA and EPA uniquely delay the activation of key wound-healing processes in the colon. This effect is mediated, at least in part, via suppression of EGFR-mediated signaling and downstream cytoskeletal remodeling.
The vertical structure of planet-induced gaps in protoplanetary discs

Giant planets embedded in circumstellar discs are expected to open gaps in these discs. We examine the vertical structure of the gap edges. We find that the planet excites spiral arms with significant (Mach number of a half) vertical motion of the gas, and discuss the implications of these motions. In particular, the spiral arms will make the edge appear ‘puffed up’ relative to the bulk of the disc. Infrared observations (sensitive to dust) would be dominated by the light from the thick inner edge of the disc. Submillimetre observations (sensitive to gas velocities) would appear to be hot in ‘turbulent’ motions (actually the ordered motion caused by the passage of the spiral arms), but cold in chemistry. Resolved submillimetre maps of circumstellar discs might even be able to detect the spiral arms directly.
Embeddedness, Interdependence, and Opportunism in Organizational Supplier-Buyer Networks

Despite the value of Williamson’s (1975; 1985) transaction cost economics perspective to organization theorists for offering new ways of thinking about relations between organizations, its focus on supplier-buyer dyads operating on a continuum ranging from markets to hierarchies de-emphasizes the importance of cooperative network relations. In this paper; theory and hypotheses are developed explaining constraints on the emergence of opportunism when supplier-buyer relations are considered in a network context. The general thesis is that the opportunistic behavior of individual network suppliers relative to the dominant buyer; or hub firm, will decline at increasing levels of embeddedness in an interdependent supplier-buyer network, despite conditions of high asset specificity and small numbers bargaining.
Modeling and control of a novel six-leg three-phase high-power converter for low voltage fuel cell applications

In this paper, an averaged model for a recently proposed novel three-phase transformer-isolated phase-shift DC/DC converter is derived. Fuel cell static and dynamic characteristics are used for the converter power stage design consideration. The controller is then designed based upon the power stage parameters and system dynamic requirements. The entire system has been designed, simulated, and verified with a 3 kW converter prototype and a commercial 1.2 kW fuel cell. The experimental results match the simulation results very well on both fuel cell source dynamic and step load transient responses.
Sequence-Based Analysis of Protein Energy Landscapes Reveals Nonuniform Thermal Adaptation within the Proteome

Thermal adaptation of individual proteins is often achieved through modulating protein stability, with proteins that are adapted to extreme cold environments having increased conformational flexibility when brought to mesophilic conditions. Conversely, proteins adapted to higher temperatures appear less dynamic and are found to be much more stable against thermal denaturation than their mesophilic counterparts. According to the current paradigm, the adaptation of an organism for survival at higher or lower temperatures is facilitated by the adaptation of the component proteins. We note, however, that these observations have been carried out on relatively few proteins. The extent to which the conformational stabilities of all members of the proteome have been modulated for thermal adaptation remains unclear, with no direct experimental strategies to address this issue. Adapted extremophilies are likely to use a multitude of molecular and biophysical strategies for survival and, therefore, evolution of specific biophysical properties of proteins for optimal function may not be necessary for all proteins in the proteome. Using a sequence-based predictor of protein stability, eScape, an in silico examination of several extremophilic proteomes shows a correlation between the collective stability of the proteins and the thermal range of survival for the organism as expected. Unexpectedly, however, the analysis shows that protein thermostability is modified to different extents across the proteome and depends on the functional role for which the protein is involved. Identification of these differences provides unique opportunities to study interdependence within the proteome as well as the role that the proteome plays in the process of evolutionary thermal adaptation.
Performance characteristics of compressed air energy storage systems

The energy recovery characteristics of a compressed air storage system are examined. The approach taken is to examine each of the relevant design parameters to assess their influence on performance. It is shown that energy recovery for compressed air systems can be competitive with other methods. The important parameter governing the thermodynamic performance and cost is the ratio of cyclic energy stored to the volume available. The cyclic modifications available for improving the thermal efficiency of gas turbines yield similar advantages for the compressed air storage system. The performance penalties associated with operating a small storage volume with significant variation in pressure are important and dictate that a system should be operated at as low a value of energy density per unit pressure as possible. This minimizes the system complexity and the sensitivity to form of the power-time input/output curve.
Ontogenesis of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normal Wistar Rats

Kidney renin activity was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive control Wistar rats. Kidneys were obtained from fetal rats after 18 and 21 days of gestation and from neonatal rats 1, 7, 14, and 21 days old. Kidney renin activity was determined by a modification of the radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I developed in this laboratory, and tissue from each age group was stained for juxtaglomerular granules. Kidney renin activity progressively increased in both strains from day 18 of fetal life until day 1 of neonatal life when a plateau level developed. In 1-day-old neonatal rats, significant differences in the kidney renin activity of the spontaneously hypertensive and the normotensive strains were initially noted. Kidney renin activity was maintained at significantly higher levels in the spontaneously hypertensive strain under 21 days of age when, because of a rise in the kidney renin activity of the normotensive control strain and a fall in the kidney renin activity of the spontaneously hypertensive strain, the difference between the two strains became statistically insignificant. In both strains, juxtaglomerular granules were first noted in 1-day-old neonatal rats and in each age group thereafter.
Draft Genome Sequence of Legionella pneumophila D-5864, a Serogroup 6 Strain.

ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila is the leading etiology of legionellosis infections in North America and Europe. Here we report the draft genome sequence of L. pneumophila D-5864, a serogroup 6 strain, which was isolated from a bronchial alveolar lavage specimen of a male patient from Arizona in 2009. Genes within the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-biosynthesis region could potentially be determinants of serogroup specificity.
Normalization of Cerebellar RNA Synthesis and mRNA Levels After Treatment of Graft Versus Host Disease

: We have previously shown that neonatal rats with graft versus host disease (GVHD) (1) synthesize significantly less cerebellar RNA, (2) have RNA that is less translationally active, and (3) have changes in the relative abundance of certain mRNAs, including the induction of one coding for protein r that is present neither in control cerebellum nor in other brain regions at any age. Here we report on the ability of the cerebellum to recover from GVHD-induced changes in the synthesis of total RNA and in the relative levels of specific mRNAs. In order to halt the disease, 11-day-old diseased Fischer animals were injected with hyperimmune alloantiserum daily for 3 days. Cytoplasmic RNAs were isolated from the cerebella of 14-day-old serum-treated animals, their diseased littermates that were not treated with serum, and litter-mate controls. Comparison, by two-dimensional gel analysis, of the in vitro synthesized mRNA translation products showed that most GVHD-induced alterations in the levels of specific mRNAs were not present in serum-treated animals. In particular, protein r was not synthesized by cerebellar RNAs isolated from serum-treated animals. These results show that the adverse effects of this disease are reversible at the molecular level.
James, William (1842–1910)

William James, American philosopher and psychologist, remains a vivid presence in psychology because of his two classics, Principles of Psychology (1890/1981) and Varieties of Religious Experience (1902/1985). His work at once embodies the culmination of nineteenth century psychology, in his critical review of the older philosophical psychology and of the new experimental psychology, and the launching of twentieth century psychology, especially the functionalist tradition. He is remembered in philosophy as one of the last philosophers in the grand style who also sought to communicate his insights to a broad audience, an audience attracted by the informal felicity of his writing, public lecturing, and teaching. Distinctively American in his promotion of a pragmatism that viewed abstract concepts critically in terms of their ‘cash value,’ he participated actively in the European intellectual scene and, like his eminent novelist brother Henry James, advanced the linkage of the American and European intellectual and cultural worlds.