cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning from Paper, Learning from Screens: Impact of Screen Reading and Multitasking Conditions on Reading and Writing among College Students

Electronic screens on laptop and tablet computers are being used for reading text, often while multitasking. Two experimental studies with college students explored the effect of medium and opportunities to multitask on reading Study 1 and report writing Study 2. In Study 1, participants N = 120 read an easy and difficult passage on paper, a laptop, or tablet, while either multitasking or not multitasking. Neither multitasking nor medium impacted reading comprehension, but those who multitasked took longer to read both passages, indicating loss of efficiency with multitasking. In Study 2, participants N = 67 were asked to synthesize source material in multiple texts to write a one-page evidence-based report. Participants read the source texts either on 1 paper, 2 computer screen without Internet or printer access, or 3 computer screen with Internet and printer access called the "real-world" condition. There were no differences in report quality or efficiency between those whose source materials were paper or computer. However, global report quality was significantly better when participants read source texts on a computer screen without Internet or printer access, compared with when they had Internet and printer access. Active use of paper for note-taking greatly reduced the negative impact of Internet and printer access in the real-world condition. Although participants expressed a preference for accessing information on paper, reading the texts on paper did not make a significant difference in report quality, compared with either of the two computer conditions. Implications for formal and informal learning are discussed.
Mast Cells: A Pivotal Role in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by an inflammatory response that includes macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether mast cells play a role in initiating pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced with bleomycin in mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv (MCD) mice and their congenic controls (WBB6F1-+/+). Mast cell deficiency protected against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, but protection was reversed with the re-introduction of mast cells to the lungs of MCD mice. Two mast cell mediators were identified as fibrogenic: histamine and renin, via angiotensin (ANG II). Both human and rat lung fibroblasts express the histamine H1 and ANG II AT1 receptor subtypes and when activated, they promote proliferation, transforming growth factor β1 secretion, and collagen synthesis. Mast cells appear to be critical to pulmonary fibrosis. Therapeutic blockade of mast cell degranulation and/or histamine and ANG II receptors should attenuate pulmonar...
A Neural Edge-Detection Model for Enhanced Auditory Sensitivity in Modulated Noise

Psychophysical data suggest that temporal modulations of stimulus amplitude envelopes play a prominent role in the perceptual segregation of concurrent sounds. In particular, the detection of an unmodulated signal can be significantly improved by adding amplitude modulation to the spectral envelope of a competing masking noise. This perceptual phenomenon is known as "Comodulation Masking Release" (CMR). Despite the obvious influence of temporal structure on the perception of complex auditory scenes, the physiological mechanisms that contribute to CMR and auditory streaming are not well known. A recent physiological study by Nelken and colleagues has demonstrated an enhanced cortical representation of auditory signals in modulated noise. Our study evaluates these CMR-like response patterns from the perspective of a hypothetical auditory edge-detection neuron. It is shown that this simple neural model for the detection of amplitude transients can reproduce not only the physiological data of Nelken et al., but also, in light of previous results, a variety of physiological and psychoacoustical phenomena that are related to the perceptual segregation of concurrent sounds.
Psychopathology in Preadolescent Children at High Risk for Substance Abuse: A Review of the Literature

Despite the high prevalence of the psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUDs), relatively little is known about the childhood antecedents of these disorders. To examine this issue a comprehensive review of the English-language literature on studies of preadolescents (< 12 years) who subsequently developed PSUDs or were offspring of parents with PSUDs was undertaken. In all, nine longitudinal studies and 13 cross-sectional studies were identified. Data from studies of subjects at high risk for PSUDs indicate that children of parents with PSUDs are at increased risk for the development of temperamental, personality, non-PSUD psychiatric, cognitive, and psychosocial disturbances. Longitudinal studies also indicate that children with these neuropsychiatric disturbances are at increased risk for the development of PSUDs in adolescence and adulthood. We conclude that neuropsychiatrically impaired children of parents with PSUDs may represent those at highest risk for later development of PSUDs. Because these n...
Seismic Response Prediction of NUPEC’s Field Model Tests of NPP Structures With Adjacent Building Effect

As part of a verification test program for seismic analysis computer codes for Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) structures, the Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (NUPEC) of Japan has conducted a series of field model tests to address the dynamic cross interaction (DCI) effect on the seismic response of NPP structures built in close proximity to each other. The program provided field data to study the methodologies commonly associated with seismic analyses considering the DCI effect. As part of a collaborative program between the United States and Japan on seismic issues related to NPP applications, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission sponsored a program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to perform independent seismic analyses which applied common analysis procedures to predict the building response to recorded earthquake events for the test models with DCI effect. In this study, two large-scale DCI test model configurations were analyzed: 1) twin reactor buildings in close proximity and 2) adjacent reactor and turbine buildings. This paper describes the NUPEC DCI test models, the BNL analysis using the SASSI 2000 program, and comparisons between the BNL analysis results and recorded field responses. To account for large variability in the soil properties, the conventional approach of computing seismic responses with the mean, mean plus and minus one-standard deviation soil profiles is adopted in the BNL analysis and the three sets of analysis results were used in the comparisons with the test data. A discussion is also provided in the paper to address 1) the capability of the analysis methods to capture the DCI effect, and 2) the conservatism of the practice for considering soil variability in seismic response analysis for adjacent NPP structures.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Characterization of Active R2 Retrotransposition in the rDNA Locus of Drosophila simulans

The rRNA gene (rDNA) loci of all arthropod lineages contain non-LTR retrotransposable elements that have evolved to specifically insert into the 28S rRNA genes. Extensive in vitro experiments have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of R2 retrotransposition but little is known of the insertion frequency or cellular factors that might regulate R2 activity. In this article, isofemale lines obtained from a population of Drosophila simulans were surveyed for recent R2 insertions. Within most lines, all individuals showed the same collection of R2 insertions, providing no evidence for recent R2 activity. However, in a few of the isofemale lines, virtually all individuals differed in their R2 insertion profiles. The descendants of individual pairs of flies from these “active lines” rapidly accumulated new insertions. The frequent insertion of new R2 elements was associated with the elimination of old R2 elements from the rDNA locus. The existence of lines in which R2 retrotransposes frequently and lines in which the elements appear dormant suggests that cellular mechanisms that can regulate the activity of R2 exist. Retrotransposition activity was correlated with the number of full-length R2 elements but not with the size of the rDNA locus or the number of uninserted units.
Strategic compression and transmission of information

This paper considers the problem of communication in the context of strategic information transfer (SIT) concept of Crawford and Sobel in economics. SIT is different from the conventional communication paradigms since it involves different objectives for the encoder and the decoder, which are aware of this mismatch and act accordingly. This leads to a game whose equilibrium solutions are studied here. We model the problem as a Stackelberg game-as opposed to the Nash model used in prior work in economics- where the encoder is the leader and its distortion measure depends on a private information sequence which is non-causally available, only to the encoder; and the decoder is the follower. We consider three problem settings focusing on the quadratic distortion measures and jointly Gaussian source and private information: compression, communication (joint source-channel coding over a scalar Gaussian channel), and the simple equilibrium conditions without any compression or communication. We characterize the fundamental limits -asymptotic in blocklength- of the equilibrium strategies and associated costs for these problems. For the quadratic-Gaussian case, we compute the equilibrium conditions and strategic rate-distortion function explicitly, and show optimality of uncoded communication over an additive white Gaussian channel, paralleling the well-known optimality of uncoded communication in the conventional, “nonstrategic” communication setting.
Peptide targeting of the integrin αvβ6 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

C104 The development of new modes of diagnosis and targeted-therapy for lung cancer is dependent on the isolation of ligands that bind with high affinity and specificity to tumor cells. Towards this goal we have isolated 11 different peptides that bind to different non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines from a phage-displayed peptide library. The selected peptides are able to discriminate between cancerous and normal cells, and display high cell specificities, even among tumors with the same pathological classifications. One peptide isolated by biopanning on the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, H2009, binds to a large number of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The cellular receptor for this peptide, referred to as TP H2009.1, is the restrictively expressed integrin, α v β 6 . Binding of the TP H2009.1 peptide to lung cancer cell lines correlates to α v β 6 expression. Tetramerization of this peptide on a trilysine core results in higher affinity for its cellular target than the corresponding monomer, and the 4-branch peptide can be conjugated to doxorubicin resulting in cell-specific death. To facilitate its clinical use, we have developed a facile convergent synthesis strategy based on the chemoselective reaction of a thiol to an activated double bond of a maleimido group, resulting in the synthesis of multimeric peptide with yields of 85%-93%. Additionally, we have identified the minimal binding domain of the peptide, reducing its size by half. Impressively, the half maximal binding affinity of the 10-mer tetrameric peptide for its target cell is in the 40-60 pM range. Thus, the peptidic targeting reagent is surpassing the affinities observed with more commonly used antibody targeting reagents. This smaller targeting moiety mediates cell-specific uptake of a fluorescent nanoparticle in a human NSCLC cell line. Additionally, the peptide can be conjugated to the surface of a pegylated liposome, and the resultant peptide-liposomes increase cellular uptake of doxorubicin into the target cell compared to a non-targeted liposome. No increased uptake is observed for cell types which do not bind the peptide. Monomeric and tetrameric 10-mer TP H2009.1 peptides were labeled with 111 In and the biodistribution of these peptides in a tumor bearing mouse was determined. Peptide accumulation can be observed in the tumor within 1 hour. No significant uptake was observed in tissues other than the kidneys. Our data suggest that this peptide may find clinical utility as a reagent for tumor-specific delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics. This work is supported by NIH/NCI 1RO1CA106646-01 and the Welch Foundation I-1622.
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Is Not Underutilized

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remains the reference standard for revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD).1 However, over the past 2 decades, there has been a steady decline in the rate of CABG (Figure 1). This is despite numerous publications supporting the benefit of CABG over medical therapy and over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in certain patient subsets. These findings raise the question of whether CABG is currently underutilized in contemporary clinical practice. Figure 1. Graph displaying the rate of CABG procedures and inpatient PCI procedures per 1000 Medicare enrollees from 1996 to 2012. (The CABG data were obtained by querying the website Dartmouthatlas.org after selecting “Surgical procedures” in the dropdown menu for “Topic” and then “Inpatient CABG, by gender” under the dropdown menu for the “Indicator” and then by recording the “National Average” for each individual year from 1996 to 2012. The PCI data were obtained by querying the website Dartmouthatlas.org after selecting “Surgical procedures” in the dropdown menu for “Topic” and then “Inpatient PCI, by gender” under the dropdown menu for the “Indicator” and then by recording the “National Average” for each individual year from 1996 to 2012.) CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft surgery; and PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. Response by Arsalan and Mack on p 1035 To answer this question, we need to understand the indications for CABG and review the evidence with respect to the role of CABG versus medical therapy and CABG versus PCI in a variety of patient subsets to determine whether areas exist for increased application of CABG. In addition, we need to take into account evolving data and new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches while also considering patient/physician preferences. In the end, we will conclude that CABG is not underutilized in patients with significant CAD. Three randomized trails from …
Operative and Mid-Term Outcomes of Thoracic Aortic Operation in Octogenarians and Beyond

OBJECTIVES To study the short and mid-term outcomes of thoracic aortic operations in patients ≥80 years old. METHODS This is a retrospective chart review of patients ≥80 years old who underwent thoracic aortic operation in our institution between 2006 and 2013. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients were studied. Fifty-four patients underwent open repair; 41 underwent endovascular repair; and three underwent hybrid repair with aortic arch debranching and subsequent endovascular stent graft. Hospital mortality rate among the entire cohort was 11/98 (11%): 7/54 (13%) for open repair; 2/41 (5%) for endovascular repair; and 2/3 (66%) for hybrid repair. Major adverse events occurred in 23/98 (23%) in the entire cohort: 15/54 (28%) in open repair; 5/41 (12%) in endovascular repair; and 3/3 (100%) in hybrid repair. Mean follow-up was 31 ± 28 months (median 26 months). Two- and five-year survival rates were 57%, and 34% for the open approach and 71%, and 43% for the endovascular approach respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both open and endovascular thoracic aortic repairs can be performed with favorable mortality and perioperative morbidity in appropriately selected octogenarian patients. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12722 (J Card Surg 2016;31:334-340).
Correlates of Two Measures of Fear of Success in Women

Good, 19731, has not been compared with the projective method. This brief scale has 29 statements with high face validity that are answered true or false. It purports to measure fear of success as defined by Horner. This study measured fear of success with the projective method and cues adapted from Horner (1974) and Karabenik and Marshall (1974) as well as with the Goods' scale for 40 undergraduate women (M = 19 yr.) who also took the Tennessee Self-concept Scale, the short version of the Attitudes toward Women Scale (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1973), the IPAT Anxiety Scale and the Mf scale of the MMPI. The intercorrelations (Pearson's r) of these measures are shown in Table 1. Three judges were used to score the Horner projective responses. The interjudge reliability as measured by the Kendall coefficie~t of concordance was W = .97 (9 < .001). Fear of success as measured by the Horner method was not significantly correlated with any of the other scales except for a low correlation of .37 (p < .05) with scores on the Goods' brief scale. That measure in addition was shown to correlate with self-concept (I. = -.43, p < .05) and anxiety (r = .72, p < .01). A significant negative correlation (r = -.62, p < .01) was found between self-concept and anxiety.
MASS AND HEAT TRANSFER IN THE WET-SPUN ACRYLIC FIBERS DURING STRETCHING PROCESS

Mass and heat transfer in wet-spun acrylic fibers during stretching process was studied for monifilament and tow. Equations of diffusion and heat conduction were solved under boundary conditions that radius of monofilament of thickness of tow changes with distance. Numerical solutions were obtained for a set of given coefficients or diffusion and thermal diffusivities by using IBM 1130. Then the coefficients of diffusion and thermal diffusivities during streching process were obtained by comparing the experimental value with the calculated values. Using these values obtained, the concentration profile of the solvent and temperature profile in the filament or tow were obtained.The results obtained are as follows;(1) The diffusion coefficients of solvent during stretching process were 7×10-6 and 11×10-6cm2/sec for the monofilament and 9×10-5 and 13×10-5cm2/sec for the tow at the temperature of 70 and 90°C respectively. Apparent activation energies of diffusion were 5.6Kcal/mol for the filament and 4.5Kcal/mol for the tow. (2) The thermal diffusivities for the tow was 6×10-4_??_8.5×10-4cm2/sec at the temperature range of 70_??_90°C, which shows that heat transfer takes place more rapidly than mass transfer during the streching process of tow.
Euromaidan and the Role of Protest in Democracy

Protest can be seen as a highly democratic expression of popular opinion. However, protest is also a non-representative, extra-institutional process for political change. In hybrid regimes, such as Ukraine, the legitimacy of effecting change through mass protest is a subject of debate. Because of the influence of mass protests in Ukrainian politics, individual views on the democratic legitimacy of protest are potentially important in perceptions of government legitimacy. Using original survey data from December 2013, this article finds that, whereas satisfaction with the functioning of democracy, partisanship, and the oft-cited regional divide are important determinants of approval for the Euromaidan protests, they do not influence how Ukrainians perceive the role of protest in a democracy. However, among those less committed to democracy, protest is more likely to be seen as illegitimate.
Quantification of cell surface receptor in live tissue culture using a paired-agent stain and rinse approach

A fluorescence imaging approach is presented to quantify cancer cell-surface receptor concentrations in 3D cell culture. This project compares multiple kinetic models used to estimate concentrations of cancer-specific molecular markers.
PACS and the Erosion of Professional Relationships.

P icture archiving and communication systems (PACS) technology has enabled the physical separation of radiologists from many important members of the healthcare team, including technologists, radiology trainees, fellow radiologists, and ordering physicians, not to mention patients. The remarkable irony is that although PACS as a workflow tool has improved efficiency and allowed groups to grow, it has also degraded radiologists’ interpersonal relationships with many such colleagues (1). The erosion of these relationships threatens the valueadded model of radiology and may over time diminish the magnitude and quality of radiologists’ contributions to health care (2). In an effort to better understand both the nature of the toll that PACS is taking and the steps that radiologists might take to rectify the situation, we examine each of the major groups of caregivers with whom radiologists’ relationships have been disrupted.
International Medical Graduate Training in Urology: Are We Missing an Opportunity?

Objective To examine trends in international medical graduate (IMG) representation within urology and compare these trends to those of other specialties. Methods Urology match data were obtained from the American Urological Association from 1987 to 2015. IMG representation among residencies was extracted from reports on Graduate Medical Education published in Journal of the American Medical Association from 1978 to 2013. We analyzed trends in the number of IMG urology applicants, match rates in urology for IMGs vs US medical graduates, and the annual percentage of IMGs among all urology residents vs residents of other specialties. Results Between 1987 and 2015, 6790 applicants matched into urology. The number of positions offered increased by 24% (224 to 295) between 1987 and 2015. However, the number of IMG urology applicants did not increase accordingly (r = −0.55, P = .78). Match rates for US students and IMGs ranged from 68% to 91% and 6% to 33%, respectively. From 1978 to 2013, the proportion of IMGs across all specialties remained relatively stable (25% to 27%), whereas the proportion of IMGs in urology decreased substantially (27% to 5%). Conclusion The proportion of IMGs in urology training has dramatically decreased over time and remains lower than most other specialties. IMGs are critical to urology as they can assist in meeting workforce demands, contribute diversity to the workplace, and help to propel the field forward through urologic research. Further efforts should be directed toward understanding the unique needs of IMG residents and helping them to navigate the challenges of practicing in a foreign country.
Distributed network traffic feature extraction for a real-time IDS

Internet traffic as well as network attacks have been growing rapidly that necessitates efficient network traffic monitoring. Many efforts have been put to address this issue; however, rapid monitoring applications are needed. We propose a distributed architecture based intrusion detection system (IDS) that is capable of detecting the anomalies in the network in real-time. To achieve this, we exploit the Apache Spark framework and Netmap- a line-rate packet capturing tool. In this work, we implement one of the challenging modules of an IDS, i.e., feature extraction, and present the computational results of the same for TCP-based traffic. Related results are presented along with the insight gained for future work.
Migration of multipactor trajectories via higher-order mode perturbations

Multipactor1,2 is a resonant phenomenon in which an electromagnetic field causes a free electron to impact a surface, resulting in the surface emitting one or more secondary electrons. If the surface geometry and electromagnetic fields are appropriately arranged, the secondary electrons can then be accelerated and again impact a surface in the bounding geometry. If the net number of secondary electrons participating in multipactor is non-decreasing, then the process can repeat indefinitely. This phenomenon is of considerable practical interest in the design and operation of radio frequency (RF) resonant structures, windows, and supporting structures.
Indian Residential Schools: A Governmental Assault on Religious Freedom

In 2008 Canada’s Prime Minister apologized to survivors of Canada’s Indian Residential Schools, which had operated for almost a century, and were intended to assimilate Aboriginal children into the...
Succession Rights of Adopted Adults: Trying to Fit a Square Peg into a Round Hole, The

In this Article, Professor Wendel examines the adult adoption paradigm and three specific sub-paradigm scenarios: (1) same-sex partner adult adoption, (2) heir designation adult adoption, and (3) stepparent/foster parent adult adoption. First, he discusses the traditional legal analysis for adult adoptions, in which the parties are granted the full inheritance rights attached to a parent-child relationship. He then argues that this analysis fails to take the relationship of the parties into sufficient consideration. He proposes instead that the general rule for adult adoptions should be that adopted adults are permitted to inherit from each other (partial inheritance rights) but not through each other (full inheritance rights) from a third party, unless a testamentary instrument either expressly includes adopted adults, or the adoptee is specifically named as a beneficiary. According to Professor Wendel, this succession scheme better reflects the nature of the underlying relationship between the parties and the presumed intent of the average decedent.
Autotaxin in Stem Cell Biology and Neurodevelopment

Autotaxin has emerged as a prominent and critical element in biological processes involving the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Such processes are mediated largely by LPA’s cognate G protein-coupled receptors, and they are related to a widespread array of physiological and pathophysiological actions. Autotaxin itself was originally identified as a tumor cell motility-stimulating factor and then found to be highly expressed by a large variety of tumor cells. Thus, it has received much attention in cancer biology prompting extensive research toward a better understanding of its enzymatic LPA generating activity shown to drive tumorigenesis and tumor cell invasion. More recently, however, diverse roles of autotaxin have become apparent including regulatory functions in stem cell biology and neurodevelopment. In addition, there is increasing evidence for non-catalytic functions of autotaxin. This chapter will introduce, from a historical perspective, the major characteristics of autotaxin, and it will define autotaxin’s main structure–function relationships. Importantly, it will review autotaxin’s evolving roles in stem cell biology and neurodevelopment.
Truths Unacknowledged: The Public Sphere and Japan’s Colonial Project in Korea

Japan’s increasing control of Korea, culminating in its annexation of the peninsula in 1910, effectively shut down the peninsular nation’s nascent public sphere, while reforms associated with “Cultural Rule” following the 1919 March First Independence Movement opened it back up to a limited degree, until it was once again closed during the Pacific War. This paper reveals how, despite the closure of the public sphere in Korea from 1910 to 1919, the presence of Anglo-American missionaries and their connections to their home governments would create an international religious public sphere in which criticism of Japanese colonial rule could take place. In particular, this paper examines this sphere through three case studies: the 1911–1912 Conspiracy Case, the educational ordinance of 1915, and the 1919 March First Movement, and argues that while the international religious public sphere did reduce some of the suffering caused by colonial rule, it was unable to produce a real dialogue that could have benefited all parties.
“The Best Minute and a Half of Audio”: Boundary disputes and the Palin family brawl

In the introduction to a police audio recording of Bristol Palin describing her family’s involvement in an Alaska house party brawl, CNN anchor Carol Costello commented: “This is quite possibly the best minute and a half of audio we’ve ever come across.” The incident, however, involved an alleged assault—an act that mainstream journalism generally reports in a serious manner. Costello’s glib treatment of the event could therefore be seen as potentially breaching the boundaries of professional practice, which brought a widespread media response from both mainstream organizations and right-leaning blogs. Through textual analysis of these items, this study illustrates the challenge of conducting media boundary work—and the role strain that results—when the subject of a story occupies space within both entertainment and news spheres.
Joshua Lederberg and the “Cellularity” of Bacteria

Joshua Lederberg died recently. His is a revered name among our older readers, and we assume that many younger ones also know of him. But just in case, let us mention some of what made him a giant in modern biology. He is best known for finding that bacteria have sex, that is that they can undergo cell-to-cell conjugation. He then discovered (with Norton Zinder, a graduate student) that genes can also be exchanged via phages: transduction. Thus, Lederberg discovered two of the three major mechanisms for gene transfer in bacteria. The third, transformation by naked DNA, had already been discovered, or else—who knows?—he might have found that one, too. He then entered the fray related to the origin of mutations. For this purpose, he invented, together with his wife, Esther, the replica plating technique, which allowed him to demonstrate that mutations were spontaneous and random, not induced by something in the environment. He did this by comparing a mutant colony identified on a replica plate with the corresponding colony on the master plate, and showing that they both had the same properties. That ended the argument, at least for the time.
An Innovative Proposal for Young Students to Learn Computer Science and Technology through Pokemon Go

Pokemon Go is a mobile device based game that is very popular among teenagers. The game is based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) that utilizes the player's location and interacts with many fancy characters stored in local databases, and occasionally some information stored in remote databases. The game requires a lot of computations for distances, rules, and interactions. In this paper, we propose an innovative method for young students to learn about computer science through GIS and Pokemon Go. It is very important for young students to know that computer science is not just only about coding, but also involves many other interesting topics such as security, networking, animation, modeling, graphic and interface design, databases, user experiences (UX), requirement design, technical writing, etc. The purpose of this paper is to document how to encourage young students interested in pursuing careers in computer science and technology fields.
‘An Egiptian and noe Xtian Woman’: Gypsy Identity and Race Law in Early America

Though many scholars have referenced Joan Scott as the earliest Gypsy in North America, thanks to a 1695 Henrico County Virginia court record identifying her as “an Egiptian and noe Xtian woman,” none have explored her life further. Despite this, an examination of the fornication charge against Scott suggests much about her life. Scott entered the colony twenty years before her fornication charge and while unmarried bore a child whose father the court considered a man of color. In these ways, Scott’s life appears similar to her contemporaries. Yet, in other ways Scott’s experience differed. By allowing the court to believe in her Gypsy identity and non-Christian religion she worked the court in her favor and saw her case dismissed. When historicized and contextualized, the meager details known about Joan Scott enhance our understanding of the colonial American Gypsy experience and contribute to a broader American historical narrative.
Assessment of executive functioning in binge‐eating disorder independent of weight status

Objective Executive functioning (EF) problems may serve as vulnerability or maintenance factors for Binge-Eating Disorder (BED). However, it is unclear if EF problems observed in BED are related to overweight status or BED status. The current study extends this literature by examining EF in overweight and normal-weight BED compared to weight-matched controls. Method Participants were normal-weight women with BED (n = 23), overweight BED (n = 32), overweight healthy controls (n = 48), and normal-weight healthy controls (n = 29). The EF battery utilized tests from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). Results After controlling for years of education and minority status, overweight individuals performed more poorly than normal-weight individuals on a task of cognitive flexibility requiring generativity (p < .01), and speed on psychomotor performance tasks (p = .01). Normal-weight and overweight BED performed worse on working memory tasks compared to controls (p = .04). Unexpectedly, normal-weight BED individuals out-performed all other groups on an inhibitory control task (p < .01). No significant differences were found between the four groups on tasks of planning. Discussion Regardless of weight status, BED is associated with working memory problems. Replication of the finding that normal-weight BED is associated with enhanced inhibitory control is needed.
Boldly Going Where Few Have Gone Before: The Voyages of Cardiac Catheter Ablation

Since the first catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node in humans in 1983, catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias has undergone an extraordinary evolution [(1)][1], which has led to improved efficacy and presumably improved safety [(2–4)][2]. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation
Arginine methylation modulation of T cell responses (IRM11P.636)

Inhibition of methylation reactions suppresses T cell proliferation and inflammatory responses but the specific methylation enzyme target responsible for these effects is unknown. Protein Arginine Methyltranferases (PRMT), enzymes that catalyze dimethylation of arginine in histones and other proteins, have been proposed to mediate these effects. Among PRMTs, PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates protein arginine and is associated with embryonic development and cancer but has no known role in T cells. Here, we used myelin-specific memory Th cells that model autoimmune responses in Multiple Sclerosis to investigate the role of PRMT5 in memory Th1 cell responses. PRMT5 was up-regulated as Th1 cells undergoing activation, with kinetics that closely matched the cycle of T cell proliferation. PRMT5 protein up-regulation correlated with loss of miR-96, an inhibitor of PRMT5 translation. Further, a highly selective, small molecule PRMT5 inhibitor blunted memory T cell proliferation, an effect that could be partially rescued by IL-2. These data implicate PRMT5 in regulation of adaptive memory T helper cell responses and open novel therapeutic opportunities for T cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
Acceptability of a sitting reduction intervention for older adults with obesity

Older adults spend more time sitting than any other age group, contributing to poor health outcomes. Effective behavioral interventions are needed to encourage less sitting among older adults, specifically those with obesity, but these programs must be acceptable to the target population. We explored participant acceptance of a theory-based and technology-enhanced sitting reduction intervention designed for older adults (I-STAND). The 12-week I-STAND intervention consisted of 6 health coaching contacts, a study workbook, a Jawbone UP band to remind participants to take breaks from sitting, and feedback on sitting behaviors (generated from wearing an activPAL device for 7 days at the beginning and mid-point of the study). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants after they completed the intervention. Interview transcripts were iteratively coded by a team, and thematic analysis was used to identify and refine emerging themes. Overall, participants were satisfied with the I-STAND intervention, thought the sedentary behavior goals of the intervention were easy to incorporate, and found the technologies to be helpful additions to (but not substitutes for) health coaching. Barriers to standing more included poor health, ingrained sedentary habits, lack of motivation to change sedentary behavior, and social norms that dictate when it is appropriate to sit/stand. Facilitators to standing more included increased awareness of sitting, a sense of accountability, daily activities that involved standing, social support, and changing ways of interacting in the home environment. Participants reported that the intervention improved physical health, increased energy, increased readiness to engage in physical activity, improved mood, and reduced stress. The technology-enhanced sedentary behavior reduction intervention was acceptable, easy to incorporate, and had a positive perceived health impact on older adults with obesity. The I-STAND study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT02692560 ) February 2016.
Physiological Basis of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a noninvasive method of brain stimulation, has been used extensively to assess cortical reorganization in humans. In this review, we first discuss how TMS, was developed as a method of cortical stimulation, beginning with an examination of cortical electrical stimulation, which preceded TMS in animals and in humans. We describe the neuronal elements targeted by TMS and how these elements are evaluated by changes captured in epidural recording for the spinal cord and surface electromyographic recordings from limb muscles. Next, we identify the most frequent methodology used during TMS studies from coil designs (circle, figure of eight, double cone, and batwing coils) to the protocols in which each coil is most used to target different neuronal elements and the corticospinal pathway. We describe neurophysiological protocols using different patterns of TMS pulses, including paired-pulse protocols used to examine both intracortical and interhemispheric interactions within and between primary motor cortices. Finally, we highlight the use of TMS as a therapeutic technique for alleviating symptoms in individuals with motor disorder. Particularly, we focus on repetitive low- and high-frequency TMS, which are important tools to induce neuroplasticity to promote the recovery of function after injury.
Observation of spin squeezing in MnF2

We demonstrate squeezing of the lattice magnetization in antiferromagnetic MnF2. Our method uses femtosecond optical pulses to create coherences involving magnon pairs.
Anticipatory Socialization, Adjustment to University Life, and Perceived Stress: Generational and Sibling Effects

The purpose of this study was to compare anticipatory socialization experiences, adjustment to university life, and perceived stress of first- and second-generation university students, and first- and second-sibling students. The study employed a standardized questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. As predicted, having a parent who had attended a university helped second-generation students feel more prepared for the university experience. However, second-generation students felt no more successful than first-generation students. Likewise, neither generation nor sibling status had an effect on grade point average. However, having an older sibling who had attended a university was related to completing more credit hours, suggesting that siblings may play a role in persistence. Perhaps one of the most interesting findings of the study was that second-generation status had essentially no effect in reducing the stress levels of students. The advantage of being a second-generation student seemed to be counterbalanced by parental pressure for high academic achievement.
Support Groups for HIV-Affected Children

This article presents a long-term group model developed for HIV-affected children. The stigma and secrecy associated with HIV/AIDS often leads many families and children into emotional seclusion resulting in abnormal grief reactions. Long-term group treatment offers a way to meet the needs of these children directly. The groups described are open-ended and non-directive yet have a clear and consistent structure to offer the children a sense of safety and trust. The groups provide the opportunity for the children to create a language, sometimes through their play, to develop better coping strategies.
Sibling Competition and the Evolution of Brood Size and Development Rate in Birds

Parents and their offspring may come into conflict over both the level of food provisioning to the brood and the distribution of food among nestlings within a brood. Sibling competition within a brood favours nestlings whose rapid development increases their competitive status. This may in turn reduce the overall fitness of parents by increasing the food requirements of individual nestlings. Parents can reduce conflict with their offspring by reducing the number of young in each brood and by hatching their eggs asynchronously, so that competitive status is determined by age and not by growth rate. Under these circumstances, benefits of slow development, possibly including a more responsive immune system or delayed senescence, may also result in slower growth and reduced food requirements of nestlings. Future studies of parent-offspring relationships should include evolutionary responses to competition between siblings and parental mechanisms for controlling these responses.
Risky subjects: Embodiment and partial knowledges in the safe use of pesticide

Abstract The majority of the world’s food producers depend on pesticides, and most of those users live in the global south. Especially in places where regulation is weak, the primary mode of preventing harm is ‘safe use’ education. Using a case study from Northern Laos, I examine how smallholder farmers come to understand pesticide risks, toxicity and uncertainty in a place where pesticide use has only recently become widespread. I develop a framework for understanding risk based in feminist science studies and political ecology to understand how users grapple with risk and uncertainty in context. In trying to learn how smallholder farmers understand pesticide risk, I found that users are neither ignorant, as the safe use model assumes, nor well-informed. Instead, farmers' knowledge of pesticide risk is both contextual (mediated by numerous other precarities) and partial (derived from embodied experience). Experiences of toxicity combine with individually focused safe use messaging to produce a common sense where individuals are blamed for risky behavior, instead of the socio-economic situations that require them to take risks. I describe the ways that what counts as ‘risky’ and ‘safe’ is locally adapted, filtered through rural community dynamics, and bound up with the other risks farmers are facing – the risks of being poor and rural. I argue that a political ecology perspective grounded in feminist notions of objectivity can help make visible environmental health risks and their local meanings in situations where uncertainty is high.
If You Build It, They Will Come: Orienting New Science Graduate Students to the Library

Opportunities for the UCLA Science Librarians to connect with new graduate students have dwindled over the years. After struggling to be included in department orientation sessions, we decided to create an orientation fair of our own, now one of our most successful outreach events to connect with new students.
PrVM: a multicore real-time virtualization scheduling framework with probabilistic timing guarantees

We present PrVM, a framework for scheduling real-time VMs on multicore hardware. It addresses the intersection of the following problems: probabilistic real-time scheduling, VM scheduling, and full virtualization. Though each of these problems have been studied, their intersection - motivated by the need to consolidate multiple real-time software stacks, whose applications can be defined via probabilistic timing properties, onto a single embedded platform - is empty. PrVM uses a probabilistic model and timeliness optimality criterion. PrVM schedules VMs as server-like processes, computes time budgets using probabilistic methods, and aggregates task time budgets into VM time budgets. Experimental evaluations, using simulations and a concrete implementation, confirm the framework's effectiveness for synthetic benchmarks and multimedia applications.
Development of a Prospective Real-World Data Clinical Registry of Children and Adolescents With Migraine.

Objective To develop a multicenter, multistakeholder, prospective clinical registry of children and adolescents with migraine to support the collection of real-world data of sufficient quality to support regulatory submissions and provide site-based infrastructure support for future clinical trials. Background As new migraine treatments come to market, pediatric efficacy and safety trials of these agents are needed. A clinical registry is an ideal regulatory strategy to provide both real-world data and site infrastructure to execute these trials. Design Multicenter, multistakeholder, prospective real-world data clinical registry of children and adolescents, 4-17 years of age, diagnosed with migraine with or without aura. Participants will be followed for up to 12 months at 3-month intervals, with interval recording of clinical data at study sites and self-reported data via mobile health application, as well as biobanking. We developed electronic case report forms that incorporated routinely collected clinical data with National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Headache Common Data Elements (Version 2.0). All data are captured in a 21 CFR Part 11 - compliant electronic data capture system - augmented by a real-time, web-based, and customizable data visualization platform. We engaged vendors to provide ancillary biobanking, patient data entry, and data visualization services. Results We used an iterative and highly collaborative multistakeholder approach to design and implement a streamlined registry protocol with input from all participating US sites. At each design and implementation step, we received input from therapeutic area experts, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health, patient and parent advocates, health technology partners, drug developers, and site-based clinical investigators. The registry is governed by a multistakeholder steering committee with representation from sites, industry partners, patient advocates, and a member from the FDA (non-voting with respect to steering committee matters). The multistakeholder and site-driven approach to registry design and execution was highly efficient and resulted in the first patient enrolled within 6 months of concept development. Conclusions By ensuring regulatory compliant implementation of the registry, we created both a source of real-world data and a multisite platform for the conduct of future clinical trials that can be submitted to regulatory authorities to support inclusion of pediatric data in approved drug labeling. A highly collaborative approach with broad stakeholder engagement at all stages of the registry development was a key to our operational success.