cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Lampyridae

Diversity in Peru: 3 subfamilies, 22 genera, 89 species. Recognition: The adults have the head completely or partially concealed from above by pronotum. Antennae filiform to serrate, bipectinate, flabellate, biflabellate, or rarely capitate. Mandibles are falcate, without a mola. The trochanter is obliquely joined to the femur. The tibial spurs are usually indistinct or absent. The claws are paired and simple or toothed or bifid, without setae near base. Light organs sometimes present on the adults of one or both sexes and are usually located on ventrites 5, 6, and 7, which correspond to segments VI, VII, and VIII (Branham, 2010). Bioluminescent signals in adults are used to locate mates. Non-luminous adults often possess large non-filiform antennae and use pheromones to locate mates. Habitat: Lampyrids are found in a diverse array of habitats and across most elevations. While higher species diversity usually corresponds to regions with high humidity, lampyrids are also known from arid regions. All lampyrids are predacious as larvae, often specializing on either snails or earthworms. While the adults of most species are not known to feed, some evidence exists for adults opportunistically feeding on nectar. It is well known that the adult females of the Photuris pennsylvanica-versicolor species group in North America practice aggressive mimicry. These “femmes fatales” lure in and feed on heterospecific males by mimicking the flashed responses of heterospecific females (Barber, 1951; Lloyd, 1965). While aggressive mimicry is not known to occur in Peruvian Photuris species, Viviani (1996) ,http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Lloyd/firefly/ffcomp1-2.pdf . reported it in Bicellonycha ornaticollis (Blanchard) in Brazil. Bicellonycha ornaticollis is known to occur in Peru. Notes: The following checklist of Peruvian Lampyridae was derived from a survey of the Peruvian fauna by Kirsch (1873, 1874), a checklist by Blackwelder (1945), the catalog of Lampyridae by McDermott (1966), and specimens housed in the USNM collection. The author is not aware of any regional works, checklists and identification keys to the Peruvian fauna of Lampyridae other than those listed above. The Peruvian lampyrid fauna is undoubtedly under sampled as the Neotropics is probably the most species diverse region for this family.
Insects and Plant Defense Dynamics

T.N. Ananthakrishnan Insects and Plant Defense Dynamics 2001 Science Publishers Enfield, NH 230 1-57808-155-6 As the title suggests, this book focuses on the insect and plant interactions, with particular attention to the chemical approach to understanding the relationship. The main theme is the relationship between host plants and their insect herbivores, but some attention to the third trophic level of predators and parasites is also addressed. Throughout the book, the examples used are primarily crops and pests. The first chapter provides an overview and is certainly the broadest chapter in the book. Additional chapters explore the relationships from different angles with in-depth reviews of particular topics. There are chapters on the role of essential nutrients and minerals; chemical defenses in maize silk; chemicals in crucifers; chemicals in Rutales; and plant surface characters. These four chapters are particularly in-depth reviews of the literature in these areas with a good collection of literature citations. The focus in the next three …
Lunar Dust Transport Resulting from Single- and Four-Engine Plume Impingement

When the exhaust plume from a descent engine impinges on the lunar surface, loose regolith can erode and become entrained into a high-velocity spray. These processes are simulated in this work by several integrated models: a hybrid continuum–kinetic solver for the gas flowfield, a coupled two-phase flow model for a polydisperse distribution of grain sizes, and a model for inelastic grain–grain collisions. The continuum regime is modeled with the data-parallel line relaxation code, and the kinetic modeling is done via the direct-simulation Monte Carlo method. Simulation results are first presented for a single-engine lander hovering at different altitudes. Surface stresses and the resulting dust erosion are compared to classical theory, and correction terms are introduced to improve agreement. The velocities of different-sized particles and particle mass fluxes are shown for different hovering altitudes. For a four-engine lander, there are multiple plume–plume and plume–surface interactions that result in ...
Abstract 412: Electrophysiological Properties of Kidney-related Neurons in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play an important integrative role in the neuronal network mediating cardiovascular regulation. In this study, we employed a retrograde, transsynaptic pseudorabies viral label (PRV-152), a PRV construct which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), to identify kidney-related neurons in the RVLM. Whole-cell, patch-clamp recordings were made from 86 kidney-related neurons in the RVLM in transverse brainstem slices from 4-7-week-old rats. Under control conditions, we identified two populations of PRV-labeled RVLM neurons based on their electrophysiological properties. The resting membrane potential of large kidney-related neurons was -48 ± 2 mV and the input resistance was 205 ± 28 MΩ. The resting membrane potential of small kidney-related neurons was -51 ± 2 mV and the input resistance was 430 ± 36 MΩ. Spontaneous firing was observed in 2 out of 15 large cells with frequency of firing 0.008 and 0.05 Hz and 7 out of 16 small cells with average of firing 0.4 ± 0.2 Hz. Both spontaneous and miniature inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents (i.e., sEPSCs, sIPSCs and mEPSCs, mIPSCs) were observed in small and large neurons. Tonic inhibitory and excitatory currents were identified in large kidney-related neurons of the RVLM. Application of the type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) receptor-linked Cl - channel blocker, bicuculline methiodide (30 μM), blocked sIPSCs and revealed a robust tonic inhibitory current with an average amplitude of 145.3 ± 30 pA. The cocktail of potent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA)/kainate ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, AP-5 (50 μM) and CNQX (10 μM), blocked sEPSCs and revealed a two-component tonic excitatory current mediated by NMDA and AMPA/kainate ionotropic glutamate receptors with overall amplitude of 65.2 ± 11.3 pA. These data demonstrate the synaptic complexity involved in the regulation of kidney-related RVLM neurons.
The sedation mindset: philosophy, science, and practice

Purpose of review Medicine is evolving. An increasing influx of medically complex patients coupled with diminishing resources set the stage for substantial challenges in providing safe, effective sedation and analgesia for children requiring medical procedures. This review will discuss the essential components of a successful sedation plan outside of the traditional operating room setting. Recent findings As the discipline of sedation has developed, specialty societies have created and updated guidelines, policies, and statements intended to guide their own practice. There is a lack of consensus among them regarding appropriate targeted depths of sedation, monitoring requirements, definitions of adverse events, resuscitation skills required, and appropriate sedatives used. A transparent, collaborative approach is needed to ensure the sharing of expertise and to encourage evidence-based consistency and safety optimization across venues and specialties. Summary To meet this need, a multidisciplinary strategy is essential in training, performance of procedures outside of the operating room, and care coordination. To deliver safe, effective care, the sedationist must: perform a targeted presedation assessment; optimize the patient and family prior to sedation; tailor the induction and maintenance to the specific child's condition, needs, and procedure; safely recover the child; and provide a safe plan for postsedation care.
The University of North Carolina's Health Care Pharmacy Assistance Progam.

BACKGROUND UNC Health Care has a Pharmacy Assistance Program (PAP) that provides financial assistance to uninsured patients in North Carolina who need prescription medications. Despite significant investment in the program, little is known about the patients accessing it or the specific health care services they use. Our objectives were to describe the PAP population, to examine their use of prescription medications and health services, and to characterize changes in prescription medication use and expenditures from 2009 through 2011. METHODS We used a repeated cross-sectional study design, merging prescription claims with health records from Carolina Data Warehouse for Health, to measure use of prescription medications and use of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department care by PAP participants. Prescription claims were grouped into therapeutic categories. We generated descriptive statistics for key variables to examine health service utilization from 2009 through 2011. RESULTS From 2009 through 2011, PAP served 7,180 patients from 81 counties in North Carolina. PAP users received a mean of 23 prescriptions, at an average cost of $754 per recipient per year. An average of $2.93 million per year was spent on the program, with an 8% rise in spending from 2009 to 2011. Inpatient care and emergency department care were utilized by 30% and 31% of PAP users, respectively, and there was minimal change in these rates over 3 years. LIMITATIONS Data were limited to medications dispensed through PAP and to health services provided by UNC Health Care. CONCLUSIONS With the state's decision to not expand Medicaid, PAP will continue to be an important resource for North Carolina's low income citizens.
Thieno–Pyrrole‐Fused BODIPY Intermediate as a Platform to Multifunctional NIR Agents

We report the synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties, and in vivo fluorescence imaging of a series of new thieno-pyrrole-fused near-infrared (NIR) BODIPY agents by using a versatile intermediate as a building block. The versatile thieno-pyrrole-fused BODIPY intermediate was rationally designed to bear bromo-substituents and absorb in the mid-red region (635 nm) to act as an organic electrophile for the development of NIR multifunctional agents. The use of subsequent palladium-catalyzed and nucleophilic substitution reactions afforded highly conjugated NIR BODIPYs. The novel BODIPYs exhibit long-wavelength absorptions in the NIR region (650-840 nm). The agents produce sharp fluorescence bands, and most of them display respectable quantum yields of fluorescence (0.05-0.87) useful for biomedical imaging, as demonstrated by in vivo imaging with SBDPiR740. Interestingly, a number of agents in the series that are non-halogenated were reactive to O2 at the triplet photo-excited state coupled with a favorable redox potential and decent fluorescence, and hence could be potential candidates for use as photosensitizers in fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the synthetic approach allows further functionalization of the highly conjugated NIR BODIPYs to tune the excited states (PET, ICT) and to conjugate targeting moieties for enhanced biological applications.
Dentists’ Leadership-Related Educational Experiences, Attitudes, and Past and Current Behavior

The purpose of this study was to assess practicing dentists' perceptions of their leadership-related educational experiences during predoctoral education and after graduation, to investigate if these perceptions differed as a function of the respondents' graduation year and gender, and to explore the relationships between educational experiences and the respondents' understanding/perceptions of leadership, leadership-related attitudes, self-perceived effectiveness, and past and current leadership- related behavior. Of the 3,000 general dentist members of the American Dental Association who were invited to participate, 593 returned the survey for a response rate of 20 percent. Between 37 and 65 percent of the respondents indicated that their predoctoral dental education had not prepared them well on a series of factors related to being leaders in their practice, community, state, or at the national level. However, 33 to 77 percent of these dentists responded that educational experiences after graduation prepared them well for different types of leadership activities. Overall, respondents rated their predoctoral experiences significantly less positively than their experiences after graduation for each content area. The more recently the respondents had graduated, the higher they rated their leadership-related educational experiences. The better their educational experiences, the more important the respondents evaluated leadership activities in their practice, organized dentistry, and research/teaching, the more important they assessed leadership to be, and the more effective they evaluated themselves to be as leaders. The perceived quality of the respondents' predoctoral education was not correlated with their past and current leadership activities. The results of this study may suggest that improving leadership training during predoctoral education could positively affect future dentists' attitudes about leadership and ratings of their own effectiveness as leaders.
Bridging the gaps: An overview of wood across time and space in diverse rivers

Abstract Nearly 50 years of research focused on large wood (LW) in rivers provide a basis for understanding how wood enters rivers; how wood decays, breaks, and is transported downstream; and how at least temporarily stable wood influences channel geometry, fluxes of water, sediment, and organic matter, and the abundance and diversity of aquatic and riparian organisms. Field-based studies have led to qualitative conceptual models and to numerical stimulations of river processes involving wood. Numerous important gaps remain, however, in our understanding of wood dynamics. The majority of research on wood in rivers focuses on small- to medium-sized rivers, defined using the ratio of wood piece size to channel width as channels narrower than the locally typical wood-piece length (small) and slightly narrower than the longer wood pieces present (medium). Although diverse geographic regions and biomes are represented by one or a few studies in each region, the majority of research comes from perennial rivers draining temperate conifer forests. Regional syntheses most commonly focus on the Pacific Northwest region of North America where most of these studies originate. Consequently, significant gaps in our understanding include lack of knowledge of wood-related processes in large rivers, dryland rivers, and rivers of the high and low latitudes. Using a wood budget as an organizing framework, this paper identifies other gaps related to wood recruitment, transport, storage, and how beavers influence LW dynamics. With respect to wood recruitment, we lack information on the relative importance of mass tree mortality and transport of buried or surficial downed wood from the floodplain into the channel in diverse settings. Knowledge gaps related to wood transport include transport distances of LW and thresholds for LW mobility in small to medium rivers. With respect to wood storage, we have limited data on longitudinal trends in LW loads within unaltered large and great rivers and on fluctuations in LW load over time intervals greater than a few years. Other knowledge gaps relate to physical and ecological effects of wood, including the magnitude of flow resistance caused by LW; patterns of wood-related sediment storage for diverse river sizes and channel geometry; quantification of channel-floodplain-LW interactions; and potential threshold effects of LW in relation to physical processes and biotic communities. Finally, knowledge gaps are related to management of large wood and river corridors, including understanding the consequences of enormous historical reductions in LW load in rivers through the forested portions of the temperate zone; and how to effectively reintroduce and manage existing LW in river corridors, which includes enhancing public understanding of the importance of LW. Addressing these knowledge gaps requires more case studies from diverse rivers, as well as more syntheses and metadata analyses.
Qualitative Perceptions of Opportunity and Job Qualities in Rural Health Care Work

With rural health care worker shortages projected to only worsen in the coming decades, many rural communities are attempting to institute local training and education in hopes of retaining a stable local direct care workforce. This study uses qualitative methods to explore how local health care training, education, and employment are perceived by rural residents in one isolated community where most of the local jobs have transitioned from manufacturing and natural resource extraction to health care and education. Based on 60 in-depth, semi-structured interviews and 40 hours of participant observation primarily as a volunteer in a long-term care facility, I find that perceptions about the opportunities in health care that remain in “Independence Creek, Washington” are complex and divergent. The majority of participants speak positively of the local trainings for nursing assistants and the innovative on-site two-year nursing program and argue that these opportunities, seen as either a stepping stone for college-bound young adults or a pathway to decent employment for place-bound individuals, are much needed. Perceptions of pay for nurses are also favorable. Perceptions of pay for nursing assistants are more mixed. Respondents consider it better than other service work, but also not a livable wage. Job security is perceived as a big plus, as respondents describe the ability to “get a job anywhere” as a nurse or nursing assistant. However, job stability (having regular hours and work place stability) are not described as strong qualities of working in rural health care. Despite issues with some negative perceptions of rural health care work, this study demonstrates a continuing need for more local training as we work towards higher quality working conditions and compensation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v16i1.382
Identification of occupational hazards of electric welding operation and its effect on health of workers

This paper introduces the occupational hazards( welding fumes,toxic gases,noise,arc radiation,high frequency electromagnetic field) generated in the operation of electric welding such as manual arc welding,automatic submerged arc welding machine,etc. The analysis of effect of various occupational hazards on human health shows the relationship between occupational hazards and health of workers. The comprehensive understanding of occupational hazards generated in electric welding operation will help to improve the awareness of its impact on human health and put forward corresponding countermeasures.
Variants of the Exstrophic Complex

SUMMARY In summary, bladder exstrophy variants are quite rare, but if a single bladder with good or moderate capacity is present, the patient has an excellent prognosis for continence regardless of sex. A guarded prognosis in patients with bladder duplication is suggested insofar as renal damage is concerned, but continence seems to be a reasonable expectation. The risk of reflux with exstrophic variants, reinforced by the damage patterns we noted, suggest that the kidneys of affected patients are at significant risk and that early antibiotic coverage and antireflux management seem to be indicated. It is, indeed, intriguing to note the effectiveness of continence procedures in these variant exstrophic patients.
Affordable Housing Finance in Australia

This chapter surveys housing markets, housing stress, and housing finance in the Australian context, and reflects on the current debate in that country about housing.
Introduction to Metric and Normed Spaces

In this chapter, we extend the notion of distance and absolute value from the real and complex number systems to more general spaces, in particular, spaces of functions.
Value of Postponement

Postponement — delaying the point of product differentiation in a production process — has been found to be an effective strategy in face of increasing product variety. One value of postponement is flexibility. While the product is still in its generic form, the manufacturer can observe the latest demands for the different end-products and, at the postponement point, determine how much to customize the generic product for each end-product form. Hence, the value of postponement comes from the resolution of uncertainty of demands up to the postponement point. Another value of postponement is that the forecast accuracy for the demand of the final products in the distant future can also be improved. In this case, postponement enables the decision concerning the final customization of the end-products to be made at the time when the demand forecasts of the end-products are improved. We quantify both values of postponement in this paper, and discuss their relative magnitudes as product variety increases.
New-Generation Coronary Stents: Current Data and Future Directions

Drug-eluting stents are the mainstay in the treatment of coronary artery disease using percutaneous coronary intervention. Innovations developed to overcome the limitations of prior generations of stents include biodegradable polymer stents, drug-eluting stents without a polymer, and bioabsorbable scaffolds. Our review briefly discusses the clinical profiles of first- and second-generation coronary stents, and provides an up-to-date overview of design, technology, and clinical safety and efficacy profiles of newer generation coronary stents discussing the relevant clinical trials in this rapidly evolving area of interventional cardiology. Drug-eluting stents have previously been shown to be superior to bare metal stents. Second-generation everolimus-eluting stents have proven to have superior outcomes compared with first-generation paclitaxel- and sirolimus-eluting stents, and the second-generation zotarolimus-eluting stents appear to be similar to the everolimus-eluting stents, though with a lesser degree of evidence. Stents with biodegradable polymers have not been shown to be superior to everolimus-eluting stents. Bioabsorbable scaffolds have not demonstrated better outcomes than current standard treatment with second-generation drug-eluting stents but have showed a concerning signal of late and very late stent thrombosis. Everolimus-eluting stents have the most favorable outcomes in terms of safety as well as efficacy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Newer innovations such as biodegradable polymers and bioabsorbable scaffolds lack clinical data to replace second-generation drug-eluting stents as standard of care.
MPEG1/perforin-2 mutations in human pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections

Perforin-2 is a highly conserved pore-forming protein encoded by macrophage expressed gene 1 (MPEG1). A number of studies have shown that Perforin-2-deficient mice are unable to survive following a bacterial challenge that is nonlethal in WT mice. There is also recent evidence that Mpeg1+/- heterozygous mice display an intermediate killing ability compared with Mpeg1 WT and Mpeg1-/- mice. Despite these in vivo findings, to date, no perforin-2 deficiencies have been associated with human disease. Here, we report four patients with persistent nontuberculous mycobacterial infection who had heterozygous MPEG1 mutations. In vitro, neutrophils, macrophages, and B cells from these patients were unable to kill Mycobacterium avium as efficiently as normal controls. CRISPR mutagenesis validated the deleterious antibacterial activity of these mutations. These data suggest that perforin-2 haploinsufficiency may contribute to human susceptibility to infections with intracellular bacteria.
The effect of radiation therapy (RT) on overall survival in surgically resected gastric cancer (GC): A population based analysis.

e15015 Background: GC is surgically curable and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and RT is evolving. The current standard is adjuvant CT and RT with 5FU. Perioperative CT without RT was more ...
Exploring Project Work Practices in the Context of Constant Connectivity

The critical view of projectification and the broader perspective on constant connectivity have produced insights that question the conventional wisdom. However, how project practices are mediated ...
HIV-related ‘conspiracy beliefs’: lived experiences of racism and socio-economic exclusion among people living with HIV in New York City

HIV-related 'conspiracy beliefs' include ideas about the genocidal origin of HIV and the nature and purpose of HIV-related medications. These ideas have been widely documented as affecting myriad health behaviours and outcomes, including birth control use and HIV testing. Most HIV-related research has quantitatively explored this phenomenon, and further qualitative research is necessary to better understand the complexity of these beliefs as articulated by those who endorse them. Moreover, public health in general has over-emphasised the role of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study in explaining mistrust, rather than focus on ongoing social inequalities. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with low-income Black and Latinx people living with HIV who were currently, or had been recently, disengaged from HIV medical care. Beliefs about the role and intentions of the government and pharmaceutical industry in the epidemic highlighted the racism and classism experienced by participants. Notably, however, HIV care providers were not perceived as part of the government-pharmaceutical collusion. Interventions should focus on fostering positive beliefs about HIV medication and building trust between HIV care providers and populations that have experienced ongoing social and economic exclusion. Replacing the phrase 'conspiracy beliefs' with more descriptive terms, such as HIV-related beliefs, could avoid discrediting people's lived experiences.
Structures Transverse to a Vector Field

Publisher Summary This chapter presents structures transverse to a vector field. The algebraic topological and differential geometric invariants of the base space are considered as the properties of the flow. These properties describe the behavior of the flow in a direction transverse to the direction of motion. The chapter illustrates the importance of the cohomology theory of integral invariants in the sense that a given line of flow has no neighborhood, which is the union of lines of flow, and has trivial cohomology. The transverse properties are not of vector fields but of a fairly broad class of foliations with singularities.
Continuous access to cloud event services with event pipe queries

When cloud services become popular, how to consume a cloud service efficiently by an enterprise application, as the client of the cloud service either on a device or on the application tier of the enterprise software stack, is an important issue. Focusing on the consumption of the real-time events service, in this work we extend the Data Access Object (DAO) pattern of enterprise applications for on-demand access and analysis of real-time events. We introduce the notion of Operational Event Pipe for caching the most recent events delivered by an event service, and the on-demand data analysis pattern based on this notion. We implemented the operational event pipe as a special kind of continuous query referred to as Event Pipe Query (EPQ). An EPQ is a long-standing SQL query with User Defined Functions (UDFs) that provides a pipe for the stream data to be buffered and to flow continuously in the boundary of a sliding window; when not requested, the EPQ just maintains and updates the buffer but returns noting, once requested, it returns the query processing results on the selected part of the sliding window buffer, under the request-and-rewind mechanism. Integrating event buffering and analysis in a single continuous query leverages the SQL expressive power and the query engine's data processing capability, and reduces the data movement overhead. By extending the PostgreSQL query engine, we implement this operation pattern as the Continuous Data Access Object (CDAO) - an extension to the J2EE DAO. While DAO provides static data access interfaces, CDAO adds dynamic event processing interfaces with one or more EPQs.
Guided Waves for Porosity Estimation in Complex Shaped Structures

One of the key benefits of modern composite materials manufacturing is that it allows the design of todays structures to have complex contours. This is increasingly being found in most all facets of composite materials industry. A typical manufacturing process for such complex shapes would be to cut the pre-preg composite sheet to dimensions using computer controlled machines, place the various pieces in a specified lay-up sequence and use the vacuum bag to remove air and waste gas while it is cooled inside an autoclave, subjected to a controlled temperature-pressure cycle. Other methods such as filament winding, braiding etc. can also be used to fabricate such structures.
Naloxone “Flush”: A Novel Approach to Complete Heroin Abstinence

Naloxone hydrochloride is a specific narcotic antagonist whose main use is the reversal of coma due to opiates. In 1973 the Drug Research Unit of New York Medical College used it to test the patients’ freedom from opiates, prior to the administration of naltrexone, which is more potent and has a longer duration. Both patients and staff called this procedure a “flush.” If naloxone was administered too soon, generally less than a week after termination of methadone maintenace, abstinence symptoms such as muscle cramps, nausea and hypersecretions would occur. These could be symptomatically treated with diazapam, prochlorpromazine and atropine.
Transactions in doing design-based research for designing curriculum: a self-study

Design-based research (DBR) is an emerging methodology in teacher education research that researchers claim has strong potential in systematically designing and using instructional strategies and t...
LEFT MAIN- AND NON-LEFT MAIN-RELATED EVENTS AFTER REVASCULARIZATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE EXCEL TRIAL

We hypothesized that following left main (LM) revascularization, the clinical presentation of events arising from recurrent LM lesions would be more severe than events related to non-LM lesion lesions given the difference in jeopardized myocardium. Among 1905 patients with LM disease randomized to
Biocultural consequences of the Late Woodland transition at Forbush Creek, North Carolina (AD 800-1200)

Abstract After several centuries of cultural continuity, the Late Woodland transition (AD 600-1000) in the Southeastern Woodlands involved a significant intensification of existing lifeways. This study examines the biocultural consequences of the Late Woodland transition at Forbush Creek (AD 800-1200), a Yadkin River Valley site from the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Twelve percent of individuals recovered from the site sustained violence-related trauma, including five individuals with healed blunt force trauma, two individuals with perimortem cranial trauma, and a single projectile point injury. Secondary burial individuals exhibited significantly more trauma (n = 10, 42%) and nutrient deficiencies (n = 12, 50%) than primary burial individuals (n = 1, 4%; and n = 5, 19%, respectively). The Forbush Creek remains provide new evidence of the biological impacts of cultural transitions and suggest that uncertainty, scarcity, and conflict arising from changing lifeways contributed to inequality in the Forbush Creek community. Secondary bundle burial inclusion may represent marginalization and an increased vulnerability to morbidity and mortality risks. The emergence of social inequality in the Late Woodland period likely shaped long-term cultural dynamics that preceded the complex sociopolitical hierarchies of the later Mississippian period.
Going Viral, Binge-Watching, and Attention Cannibalism

Binge-watching behavior is modeled for a single season of an original program from a streaming service to understand and make predictions about how individuals watch newly released content. Viewers...
Elimination diets for eosinophilic esophagitis: making the best choice.

Dietary elimination therapy has long been an option for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Multiple diets have been reported, with variable efforts involved, efficacy rates, costs, and l...
Ultrafast large-scale simulations of biophysically realistic neurons using deep learning

Abstract Understanding the activity of the mammalian brain requires an integrative knowledge of circuits at distinct scales, ranging from ion channel time constants to synaptic connection probabilities. To understand how multiple parameters contribute synergistically to circuit behavior as a whole, neuronal computational models are regularly employed. However, traditional models containing anatomically and biophysically realistic neurons are computationally expensive when scaled to model local circuits. To overcome this limitation, we trained several artificial neural net (ANN) architectures to model the activity of realistic, multicompartmental neurons. We identified a single ANN that accurately predicted both subthreshold and action potential firing, and correctly generalized its responses to previously unobserved synaptic input. When scaled, processing times were orders of magnitude faster compared with traditional approaches, allowing for rapid parameter-space mapping in a circuit model of Rett syndrome. Thus, our ANN approach allows for rapid, detailed network experiments using inexpensive, readily available computational resources.
Enabling the use of seawater for hydrogen gas production in water electrolyzers

Hydrogen gas will play an increasingly critical role in developing a carbon-neutral energy infrastructure, but it will need to be produced by water splitting using renewable electricity sources. A recent study by Veroneau and Nocera in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) suggests an electrolyzer that produces desalinated water from abundant seawater by using forward osmosis.
Predicting the Risk of Subsequent Hip Surgery Before Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Machine Learning Analysis of Preoperative Risk Factors in Hip Preservation:

Background:The number of patients requiring reoperation has increased as the volume of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) has increased. The factors most important in ...
Microfluidic Platform to Transduce Cell Viability to Distinct Flow Pathways for High-Accuracy Sensing

Mechanical properties of cells such as stiffness can act as biomarkers to sort or detect cell functional properties such as viability. In this study, we report the use of a microfluidic device as a high-sensitivity sensor that transduces cell biomechanics to cell separation to accurately detect viability. Cell populations are flowed and deflected at a number of skew ridges such that deflection per ridge, cell-ridge interaction time, and cell size can all be used as sensor inputs to accurately determine the cell state. The angle of the ridges was evaluated to optimize the differences in cell translation between viable and nonviable cells while allowing continuous flow. In the first mode of operation, we flowed viable and nonviable cells through the device and conducted a sensitivity analysis by recording the cell's total deflection as a binary classifier that differentiates viable from nonviable cells. The performance of the sensor was assessed using an area under the curve (AUC) analysis to be 0.97. By including additional sensor inputs in the second mode of operation, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to further improve the identification of the cell state by clustering populations with little overlap between viable and nonviable cells. We therefore found that microfluidic separation devices can be used to efficiently sort cells and accurately sense viability in a label-free manner.
Manipulator Task Space Trajectory Tracking with Kinematics and Dynamics Uncertainties

The paper develops a control scheme for task-space trajectory tracking of robot manipulators in the face of unknown kinematic and dynamic parameters of both the manipulator and picked object/tool, and in the presence of time varying disturbances/noise and certain unmodelled dynamics. The proposed scheme consists of an outer task-space control loop and an inner joint space control loop. The two control loops in combination ensure that the errors tend to zero asymptotically and thus achieve precise task-space tracking. Other features of the proposed method are simple control structure that do not require decomposition of the dynamics into the regressor matrix-parameter vector. Simulation results are provided for a full 6-DOF manipulator performing complex tasks while carrying a tool with unknown kinematics and dynamics parameters.
Clozapine prescribing barriers in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A systematic review.

Background Treatment-resistant schizophrenia is prevalent and difficult to manage, as patients fail multiple antipsychotic trials before being considered as treatment-resistant. Currently clozapine is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but remains under-prescribed. The purpose of this study is to investigate recent literature on clozapine in order to identify barriers to prescribing clozapine and categorize the recommended solutions. Methods We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Using free text and the medical subject headings, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed electronic bibliographic database from 2017 until 2020. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed English language articles with multiple methodologies aiming to identify clozapine barriers in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. We used search terms combining clozapine AND treatment OR treatment-resistant schizophrenia AND barriers AND prescribing OR prescription OR prescriber. We merged search results in a citation manager software, removed duplicates, and screened the remaining articles based on the study eligibility criteria. Results We retrieved 123 studies, however, only 10 articles exclusively met the study inclusion criteria for full text review. These studies represented 20 countries; 6 were exclusively conducted in the US. The top barriers delineated by the studies include: providers' lack of knowledge and training (n = 7), concern about side effects (n = 8), and poor adherence (n = 7). All studies described more than 1 barrier. Other barriers included prescriber-perceived barriers (n = 4), administrative barriers (n = 5), and other healthcare systems-related barriers (n = 3). Top recommendations to overcome clozapine prescription barriers included improving prescriber clozapine education/training, utilizing interdisciplinary teams and providing integrated care via clozapine clinics, and simplifying blood test monitoring. Conclusion Clozapine remains under-prescribed for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia due to multiple barriers related to the individual prescriber, system of care, and technology. It is recommended that by improving prescriber knowledge and training, use of integrated care, and use of technology that can enable continuous, real-time blood test monitoring, these barriers may be overcome.
Thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block: a pilot study in volunteers

Purpose Regional anesthesia has been shown to improve outcomes in several recent studies. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block provides anesthesia to the abdominal wall by introducing local anesthetic to the ventral rami of the thoracolumbar nerves. This work quantifies the area of anesthesia obtained after performing the novel thoracolumbar interfascial plane block (analogous to the TAP block but intended for the back) which targets the sensory component of the dorsal rami of the thoracolumbar nerves.
Comparison of fully quantitative and semi-quantitative measure of women's myocardial perfusion reserve for detection of microvascular coronary dysfunction

Background Myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) acquired using firstpass cardiac MRI is a measure of the severity of microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD) in subjects with signs and symptoms of ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) [Shufelt 2011]. Semiquantitative measures (upslopes) have been used to analyze MPR data in the previous work [Shufelt 2011]. In this work, we propose using a fully quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) analysis to evaluate whether MPR is different between subjects with MCD and normal controls.
Impact of pulmonary tuberculosis infection on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common diseases in developing world, sharing some risk factors like smoking and low socioeconomic status. Aim: To find out whether TB is a risk factor of COPD and to investigate any changes in COPD patients having TB infection compared to non TB cases. Method: Retrospective study of 328 pulmonary function test (PFT) diagnosed COPD cases was done. Data of 81 patients with clinical and radiological signs of COPD, multiple bullae on radiography without lung function measurements were also taken. Control cases are 414 patients who had done chest radiography from different departments besides respiratory unit. Result: Of 328 PFT diagnosed COPD patients, 141 had radiological feature of TB but only 32 of 414 control cases had those features. Odds ratio (OR) was 9 with 95% confidence interval (CI) [5.9-13.7]. Of 134 COPD cases with multiple bullae, 94 had TB infection, with OR=2.8, 95% CI [1.8-4.3]. Likewise TB infected COPD patients had lower FEV 1 /FVC (p=0.046) compared to non TB group. But in case of COPD patients having TB disease in past, diseased group had lower FEV 1 , FEV 1 /FVC and inspiratory capacity (p 0.046, 0.041, 0.014 respectively) compared to COPD patients without TB disease. Also TB infected COPD patients had lower serum albumin and iron, and higher high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) (p 0.027, 0.035, 0.016 respectively). Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis infection increases the risk of COPD and its coincidence with COPD results in more severe lung damage and greater inflammation (determined by increase in bullae formation, lower FEV 1 value and higher hsCRP level) with decrease in nutritional status.
From Buildings and Loans to Bail-Outs: A History of the American Savings and Loan Industry, 1831-1995

Introduction 1. A movement takes shape, 1831-99 2. The rise of the league, 1900-29 3. From State to Federal oversight 4. The movement becomes an industry, 1930-45 5. The glory years, 1946-55 6. External challenges and internal divisions, 1956-66 7. Lost opportunities, 1967-79 8. Deregulation and disaster 1979-88 9. Resolving the crisis, restoring the confidence, 1989-95 10. The American savings and loan industry in perspective Appendices Bibliography Index.
Isolation and Counting of Athiorhodaceae with Membrane Filters

Abstract The number, type, and distribution of Athiorhodaceae in two Central Pennsylvania artificial lakes were investigated with an anaerobic modification of the membrane filter technique.
Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase on alveolar epithelial permeability in guinea pigs.

Abstract Elastase-deficient mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are less virulent than the wild type and are easily cleared from the lungs of guinea pigs. The effect of P. aeruginosa elastase on lung epithelium, however, is not yet understood. We addressed the hypothesis that breach of the epithelial barrier by elastase from P. aeruginosa allows invading organisms and toxic substances to penetrate the interstitium. We measured the clearance of aerosolized technetium-labeled albumin (molecular weight, 69,000) from the lungs of anesthetized guinea pigs with the aid of a gamma camera and a dedicated computer. Aerosols of the elastase (0.1 to 5 micrograms) increased the rate of clearance of labeled albumin from the lungs in proportion to the elastase dose. Electron microscopic studies using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer revealed that elastase interrupts intercellular tight junctions of the epithelial lining, thereby increasing the permeability to macromolecules. The amounts of elastase used in this report did not cause interstitial or alveolar edema, as determined by both postmortem extravascular lung water volume measurement and morphological examination. The data indicate that the elastase is a potentially important virulence factor in acute lung infection.
PENGARUH MUSIK TERHADAP PERFORMANCE FISIK

The main objective of this study, as mentioned on the title, is to determine whether there is any effect of music on physical task performance. Three different kind of music were used in this study: easy listening/slow music, hard rock music, and subject's own favorite music. The same physical task without music was also conducted for every subject as the control. To simulate the physical task, each subject has to walk on a treadmill at a constant speed (3 MPH) and inclination (4o) for six minutes. Enough rest was given after a subject finished each task. Four undergraduate and six graduate students were volunteered as subjects in this study. They are three females and seven males. Statistical analysis software programs were used to analyze the results. It is shown from this study that slow music and favorite music have significant effect on the physical task. The heart rate is significantly lower when the subjects listened to a slow music or their favorite music while performing a physical task compared with performing the same task without listening to any music. The heart rate is not significantly different when subjects listened to hard rock music compared with no music listened. On the other hand, VO2 consumption is not significantly different between without music and with all kind of music. Therefore, according to this study, it is beneficial to listen to a certain kind of music while performing a physical task since they lower the heart rate. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Tujuan utama dari paper ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah ada pengaruh dari musik terhadap performance dari seseorang saat melaksanakan pekerjaan fisik. Tiga jenis musik digunakan dalam studi ini: musik ringan, hard rock, dan musik favorit masing-masing subjek. Pekerjaan fisik yang sama tanpa musik juga dilaksanakan sebagai kontrol. Sebagai pekerjaan fisik, setiap subjek berjalan di atas treadmill dengan kecepatan konstan (4.8 km/jam) dan kemiringan konstan (4o) selama 6 menit. Setiap subjek diberikan istirahat yang cukup setiap kali selesai melaksanakan satu eksperimen. Sepuluh mahasiswa, tiga wanita dan tujuh pria berpartisipasi secara sukarela dalam studi ini. Program statistik digunakan untuk menganalisa hasil studi. Dari hasil perhitungan, tampak bahwa musik ringan dan favorit secara signifikan mempengaruhi performance fisik. Detak jantung per menit lebih rendah saat subyek mendengarkan musik ringan atau musik favorit mereka sambil melaksanakan pekerjaan fisik, dibandingkan tanpa mendengarkan musik. Pada saat mendengarkan musik hard rock, detak jantung menurun tetapi tidak signifikan. Di lain pihak, konsumsi oksigen tidak menurun secara signifikan bila tanpa musik dibandingkan dengan mendengarkan musik. Karena itu, akan lebih menguntungkan bila pada saat melakukan suatu pekerjaan fisik, pekerja mendengarkan musik ringan atau musik favorit mereka. Kata kunci: musik, performance fisik, detak jantung, konsumsi Oksigin
The Effect of Duration of Positive-Pressure Ventilation on Blood-Brain Barrier Function in Premature Lambs

The Effect of Duration of Positive-Pressure Ventilation on Blood-Brain Barrier Function in Premature Lambs