cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of aerobic exercise training on fatigue and physical activity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Summary Objective To investigate the effectiveness of an exercise intervention for decreasing fatigue severity and increasing physical activity in individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A small, phase 2 randomized clinical trial of the effect of aerobic exercise training on fatigue severity and physical activity in patients with idiopathic or PAH associated with other conditions was conducted. Methods Twenty-four patients with PAH (24 female; age: 54.4 ± 10.4 years; BMI: 30.8 ± 7.2 kg/m 2 ) participated in the study. A convenience sample was recruited in which 9% (28 of 303) of screened patients were enrolled. The project was carried out in a clinical pulmonary rehabilitation clinic during existing pulmonary rehabilitation program sessions. Patients with PH were randomized into a 10-week program that consisted of patient education only or patient education plus an aerobic exercise-training regimen. Both groups received 20 lectures, two per week over the 10-weeks, on topics related to PAH and its management. The aerobic exercise training consisted of 24–30 sessions of treadmill walking for 30–45 min per session at an intensity of 70–80% of heart rate reserve, three days per week over the 10 weeks. Results After 10-weeks of intervention, patients receiving aerobic exercise training plus education reported routinely engaging in higher levels of physical activity ( p p = 0.03). Patients in the education only group did not report changes in fatigue severity or participation in physical activity. Conclusions The 10-week aerobic exercise training intervention resulted in increased physical activity and decreased fatigue in individuals with PAH. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00678821.
Determinants of international return migration intentions.

This paper analyzes the determinants of international return migration intentions using survey data on guestworkers in Germany, 1970–1989. It is hypothesized that return migration intentions are influenced by personal attributes, residential and job satisfaction, and three time-dependent variables: a temporal trend, a duration effect, and years prior to retirement. The hypotheses are tested using logit models of the intention to return. The results indicate that return intention probabilities are strongly affected by satisfaction and time-dependent variables while the influence of personal attributes is of little importance.
A Case of Multiple Professionalisms Service Learning and Control of Communication about Organ Donation

This article offers a retrospective case study of a service learning project in a technical writing class. For this project, students were asked to develop a communication tool with information about consent rates in organ donation to use in an academic medical center. In contrast to the service learning literature, which notes that students often resist the professionalizing move that service learning offers, this study shows that students in this project actually overprofessionalized, constituting themselves as one more party vying for control over the communication of organ donation. This embrace of professionalism via service learning raises as many issues as the resistance to professionalism that is more commonly documented.
Interactive communication in high-technology home care: videophones for pediatric ventilatory care.

Objective. To develop and to assess the clinical impact of a near-television quality home digital videophone system (Integrated Services Digital Network [ISDN] 64, 320 × 200 resolutions, 10 to 12 frames per second), which would provide respiratory care specialists’ resources to primary care physicians and their pediatric patients receiving home respiratory care. Method. A prospective study comparing the preceding 6 months and following 6 months of implementation of a videophone system on seven pediatric home respiratory care patients (group I) and a prospective analytical study of three patients (group II) being introduced to home ventilatory care were carried out. Clinical effectiveness and time-saving benefits were studied. Results. There were large reductions in the number of house calls by the physicians (from 5 to 0), unscheduled hospital visits by patients (from 24 to 5), and hospital admission days (from 22 to 10), with a fivefold increase in phone calls (from 11 to 58) in group I. This reduced the net number of hours spent by both patients and physicians in unscheduled medical care by 95 hours for the patients and 51.2 hours for the physicians. A total of 45 videophone calls, of which 27 were related to mechanical concerns and 18 to medical concerns, were made in group II. There were 7 mechanical and 10 medical problems of clinical significance, but all were directly handled by physicians by videophone. The majority (35 of 45) of videophone calls were made in the first 3-month period, indicating a decrease in nonspecific concerns after this period. The specifications of the system we used were found acceptable by both patients and health care professionals. The system seemed to be useful in effectively using the time of specialists and in relieving the anxieties of families. No deleterious effects were noted. The current initial cost is substantial but rapidly falling. The running cost is similar to a regular telephone bill when one ISDN 64 line is used. Conclusions. The videophone system using ISDN 64 can now be considered a practical and effective tool to recruit specialist resources into home care and to improve the quality of pediatric home ventilatory care. This study encourages the use of videophones to help establish designated home care support systems that may extend beyond national borders and time zones. home care, videophone, telemedicine, Integrated Services Digital Network.
Preoperative management of patients with evisceration

Evisceration is a complication familiar to all abdominal surgeons. This serious complication necessitates immediate return to the operating room for closure of the abdominal wound. Not infrequently, patients may face a significant delay before they can be taken to the operating room. The exposed abdominal contents may be protected by covering them with sponges soaked with povidone-iodine solution and a large plastic drape that sticks firmly to the skin.
Antimicrobial properties of highly fluorinated tris(pyrazolyl)borates

Highly fluorinated tris(pyrazolyl)borates were tested for their antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species. Both the silver(I) tris(pyrazolyl)borate [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Ag(THF) (THF = tetrahydrofuran) and the sodium analog [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Na(THF) appeared highly effective at inhibiting the growth of two different species of Gram-positive bacteria (i.e. being 12 and 21 fold more effective, respectively, (on a molar basis, based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations) against Staphylococcus aureus than silver sulfadiazine, a currently used silver antimicrobial). This suggests that the ligand portion of these molecules is responsible for the observed high effectiveness against the Gram-positive species. Furthermore, it appeared that the fluorinated substituents on the tris(pyrazolyl)borate were important for this high level of growth inhibition. Against two species of Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the fluorinated silver(I) tris(pyrazolyl)borate exhibited a moderate level of growth inhibition (similar to that of silver sulfadiazine), while the sodium analog showed very little ability to inhibit growth, indicating that for the Gram-negative species, the apparent responsible antimicrobial portion is the silver ion.
An introduction to conjunctoid theory and architecture

Summary form only given, as follows. The main early results from conjunctoid learning theory are reviewed. Recent conjunctoid results are outlined, including: (1) a new formulation that treats supervised and unsupervised learning-as well as reinforced learning, associative memory and optimization-as special cases; (2) advances in conditional maximum-likelihood estimation toward consistent, noniterative, and highly parallel learning trial updating; (3) advances in VLSI implementation and Monte-Carlo simulation; and (4) the resulting applications prospects. >
Approach to equilibrium in models of a system in contact with a heat bath

We investigate simple model systems in contact with an infinite heat bath. The former consists of a finite number of particles in a bounded regionλ ofℝd,d=1,2. The heat baths are infinite particle systems which can penetrateλ and interact with the system via elastic collisions. Outsideλ the particles move freely and have a Gibbs probability measure prior to enteringλ. We show that starting from almost any initial configuration, the system approaches, ast → ∞, the appropriate Gibbs distribution. The combined system plus bath is Bernoulli.
Otolaryngology manpower in the year 2010.

The number of otolaryngologists practicing in the future is particularly pertinent in light of the changes taking place in American medicine today. A mathennatical model is presented which projects the growth of otolaryngology manpower in the year 2010, taking into consideration the age distribution of practicing otolaryngologists, death rates, and the current production of residents. This model suggests that there will be a 21% increase in the number of otolaryngologists from 1990 to 2010. The main reason for the increase is the uneven distribution of otolaryngologists by age at the present time, with 49% of otolaryngologists being less than 45 years of age. There is concern that the American medical community is populated with too many specialists and that more emphasis should be placed on training generalists
SU-GG-T-347: Methods to Calculate Organ Doses Due to Scattered Radiation From External Beam Radiation Treatment Using Various Patient Phantoms and Monte Carlo Simulations

Purpose: It has been long known that patients treated with radiation carry a risk of developing second cancers in their lifetimes as a result of their treatments. In addition to hosting a symposium on “Secondary Cancer Risks for Emerging RadiationTreatments,” the AAPM has recently formed Task Group 158 that will provide recommendations on the dosimetry protocols for quantifying scattered radiationdose outside the treatment volume. Measurements are useful in providing a relative comparison of different treatment modalities or beam characteristics. On the other hand, more precise organdose equivalent values need to be calculated from Monte Carlo simulations and anatomically realistic computational phantoms. This study outlines a computational platform that integrates anatomically‐refined virtual patient models with a detailed model of a medical accelerator head to calculate scattered doses to patients treated with radiation.Method and Materials: A detailed model of a 6‐MV Varian Clinac 2100C was developed in MCNPX. Several virtual patient models have been integrated with the accelerator head model in MCNPX. Various conventional and IMRTtreatment plans have been considered. Results: Average organdoses are significantly different than point‐wise measurement values. The differences can be attributed to various sources of scattered radiation that deposits dose in the organ. Large dose gradients will be present throughout organs at short and intermediate distances from the tumor volume, while organs at longer distances will have a more uniform dose distribution. Conclusion: A computational platform to calculate organdose from scattered radiation during radiation treatments has been demonstrated. Results indicate that average organ/tissue doses are significantly different than point‐wise measurements. Organdoses calculated in this manner will likely provide more accurate organdose information for epidemiologic studies and for assessing the risk during the treatment planning.
FSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: stimulation and suppression studies in two patients.

Abstract Two patients with pituitary adenomas, partial hypopituitarism and abnormally high serum concentrations of FSH are described. In neither patient was FSH increased after the administration of LH releasing hormone and in one patient tested, there was no FSH response to clomiphene citrate. The decrease in serum FSH in response to high concentrations of testosterone (>1100 ng/dl) was less than in normal men. These results indicate partial autonomy of FSH producing adenomas. Since the elevated serum FSH produced no obvious clinical symptoms, it may be undetected unless serum FSH concentrations are measured routinely in patients with pituitary tumors.
Diffusion modeling of recessional flow on central amazonian floodplains

[1] We present a continuity-based approach for calculating flow delivered to a main channel from an adjacent floodplain and use the values in a linear diffusion model to generalize fluxes across a floodplain. Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements of floodplain water level changes and the continuity equation, we demonstrate that flow rates are not the same throughout Amazonian floodplains. Also, rates of floodplain storage change are found to be least in areas of greatest distance from a main channel which suggests a long residence time. Linear diffusion modeling of floodplain drainage represents the composite behavior of flow through channels, swamps and lakes and provides a simple method of defining storage changes. The key parameter necessary for diffusion modeling is floodplain conductivity which can be constrained by a simple description of floodplain topography and measurements of temporal changes in floodplain water levels.
Effects of meprobamate, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and sodium pentobarbital on visually evoked responses in the tectotegmental area of the rat.

The effects of meprobamate, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and sodium pentobarbital on sensory input to the boundary area between the dorsal midbrain tegmentum and ventral tectum of the rat have been investigated in order to find out whether effects obtained with these compounds in the hypothalamus can also be observed at the mesencephalic level. The following results have been obtained. (1) At a dose of 2·5 mg/kg i.p., chlordiazepoxide had no effect; at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, this compound decreased the amplitude of the initial components of the visually evoked responses in the rat. There was an increased effect at higher doses. (2) Diazepam had effects similar to those produced by administration of chlordiazepoxide. The evoked responses were of smaller amplitude after injection of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p. At the highest dose, diazepam caused larger reductions in amplitude than chlordiazepoxide at 20 mg/kg. (3) Meprobamate at 40, 80 and 100 mg/kg i.p. increased the amplitude of the evoked responses. There was more individual variation with this compound than with chlordiazepoxide, and more waxing and waning of the effects, but little difference in the magnitude of facilitation at the various doses. At a dose of 120 mg/kg, the size of the evoked responses decreased. (4) At doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p., sodium pentobarbital caused increases in the amplitude of the evoked responses. Only at a dose of 20 mg/kg was there a slight decrease in amplitude, lasting only 25 min after drug administration. Thereafter, responses to this dose were larger than control responses, but not as large as responses to the two smaller doses. The significance of these results is discussed in the context of earlier data on the effects of these compounds and the barbiturates on sensory input to the midbrain reticular formation. A difference in mode of action, at low doses, is shown by the data. A relationship between the effects of meprobamate and the barbiturates on sensory input in the rat finds support in these results.
Modeling Loose Joints in Elastic Structures–Experimental Results and Validation

This article is the last of a set of four companion articles. In these articles, a hybrid parameter multiple body system (HPMBS) methodology is utilized to model the frictional contact/impact of a loose bolted joint between two sections of a cantilever beam undergoing planar slewing motion. In this preliminary model, a “rigid” joint is utilized, which allows the members of the joint to be rigid, each attached to the elastic beam sections. Frictional contact/impact is modeled at four contact points. The contact constraints and momentum transfer are modeled with the idea of instantly applied nonholonomic constraints. This article addresses the experimental justification for the model, and our experimental apparatus is described herein. Simulation results and experimental results for the rigid joint configuration are compared and discussed. The theoretical model, the momentum transfer equations utilizing the concept of instantly applied nonholonomic constraints, and the numerical solution scheme are presente...
Serum modification of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase forms independent of protein synthesis

Abstract Addition of 10% fetal calf serum to BHK cells made quiescent by maintenance for 48 hours in sub-optimal serum (0.5%) caused rapid changes in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity (increased maximum velocity and affinity) even in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis. Activity changes were associated with an alteration in the number of forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase identified by Agarose gel filtration. Three forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase were apparent after serum addition whereas only two forms were resolved in quiescent BHK cells. The initial rapid increase in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity seen when serum was added to quiescent cells was followed temporally by a much slower increase in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity that could be prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D.
Effects of Electrical Shocks on Cai2+ and Vm in Myocyte Cultures

Changes in intracellular calcium concentration (ΔCa i 2+ ) induced by electrical shocks may play an important role in defibrillation, but high-resolution ΔCa i 2+ measurements in a multicellular cardiac tissue and their relationship to corresponding V m changes (ΔV m ) are lacking. Here, we measured shock-induced ΔCa i 2+ and ΔV m in geometrically defined myocyte cultures. Cell strands (width=0.8 mm) were double-stained with V m -sensitive dye RH-237 and a low-affinity Ca i 2+ -sensitive dye Fluo-4FF. Shocks (E≈5 to 40 V/cm) were applied during the action potential plateau. Shocks caused transient Ca i 2+ decrease at sites of both negative and positive ΔV m . Similar Ca i 2+ changes were observed in an ionic model of adult rat myocytes. Simulations showed that the Ca i 2+ decrease at sites of ΔV + m was caused by the outward flow of I CaL and troponin binding; at sites of ΔV − m it was caused by inactivation of I CaL combined with extrusion by Na–Ca exchanger and troponin binding. The important role of I CaL was supported by experiments in which application of nifedipine eliminated Ca i 2+ decrease at ΔV + m sites. Largest ΔCa i 2+ were observed during shocks of ≈10 V/cm causing simple monophasic ΔV m . Shocks stronger than ≈20 V/cm caused smaller ΔCa i 2+ and postshock elevation of diastolic Ca i 2+ . This was paralleled with occurrence of biphasic negative ΔV m that indicated membrane electroporation. Thus, these data indicate that shocks transiently decrease Ca i 2+ at sites of both ΔV − m and ΔV + m . Outward flow of I CaL plays an important role in Ca i 2+ decrease in the ΔV + m areas. Very strong shocks caused smaller negative ΔCa i 2+ and postshock elevation of diastolic Ca i 2+ , likely caused by membrane electroporation.
Microwave, Vacuum, and Air Drying Characteristics of Collard Leaves

Collard leaves (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) with an initial moisture content of 6.65 on percentage dry basis (%db) were dried by three different drying methods: microwave, air, and vacuum. Samples of fresh leaves, 25 g each, were dried until their moisture was down to 0.1 on a dry basis. The following drying levels were used in each of the drying processes: 350, 500, 650, 750, 850, and 1000 W for microwave drying; 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175°C for air drying; and 0.4, 50, and 100 mmHg at 50 and 75°C for vacuum drying, respectively. Drying times ranged between 2.5 to 7.5 min, 8 to 210 min, and 35 to 195 min for microwave, air, and vacuum drying, respectively. The data obtained compared well with a thin-layer drying model. Microwave drying at 750 W provided optimal results with respect to drying time, color, and ascorbic acid content (vitamin C).
Approximate analysis of average performance of ( sigma , rho ) regulators

A study is made of the average delay and the blocking probability of a regulator with a finite buffer size fed with Poisson and batch Poisson streams. The blocking probability depends only on sigma and B through sigma +B where B is the buffer size and sigma is expressed as an integer multiple of the packet size. The provision of regulator buffers allows flexibility in the traffic control such that incoming traffic can be delayed during minor overloads and rejected during major overloads. In addition, the provision of regulator buffers allows the use of smaller network buffers, which are typically more expensive due to high-speed operation. Also studied is the packet departure process from the regulator. A four-parameter descriptor ( sigma , rho , C/sub a//sup 2/, lambda ) is proposed to characterize the output process of the regulator. In addition, formulas are proposed to construct the four-parameter descriptor for the output process of the multiplexer. Such descriptors may be useful in multihop situations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approximations are close to the simulated values. >
An Investigation of the Relations Between School Concentrations of Student Risk Factors and Student Educational Well-Being:

This study investigated the unique relations between school concentrations of student risk factors and measures of reading, mathematics, and attendance. It used an integrated administrative data system to create a combined data set of risks (i.e., birth risks, teen mother, low maternal education, homelessness, maltreatment, and lead exposure) for an entire cohort of third-grade students in a large urban school district. At the school level, high concentrations of children with low maternal education, inadequate prenatal care, homelessness, and maltreatment were most significantly detrimental for student educational well-being. When concentrations of risks at the school level were considered simultaneously with race and poverty, the concentration of poverty was no longer significantly related to targeted educational well-being indicators. For reading achievement and attendance, concentrations of both poverty and race were not significant. Implications for school accountability and community collaborations ...
Dietary Cholesterol Worsens Adipose Tissue Macrophage Accumulation and Atherosclerosis in Obese LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice

Objective— Chronic systemic inflammation accompanies obesity and predicts development of cardiovascular disease. Dietary cholesterol has been shown to increase inflammation and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor–deficient (LDLR−/−) mice. This study was undertaken to determine whether dietary cholesterol and obesity have additive effects on inflammation and atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— LDLR−/− mice were fed chow, high-fat, high-carbohydrate (diabetogenic) diets without (DD) or with added cholesterol (DDC) for 24 weeks. Effects on adipose tissue, inflammatory markers, and atherosclerosis were studied. Despite similar weight gain between DD and DDC groups, addition of dietary cholesterol increased insulin resistance relative to DD. Adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage accumulation, and local inflammation were observed in intraabdominal adipose tissue in DD and DDC, but were significantly higher in the DDC group. Circulating levels of the inflammatory protein serum amyloid A (SAA) were 4.4-fold higher in D...
Migration and Selection

Since many natural populations are divided into subpopulations, it is important to investigate the effects of the joint action of selection and migration. We shall suppose that the population occupies a number of distinct niches, each of which has its own selection pattern. The niches may be defined by any pertinent set of environmental variables. If a population is distributed in clusters, this scheme provides a reasonable model for geographical variation. The study of the spatial variation of gene frequencies, however, requires more advanced analysis; see Nagylaki (1989c) and references therein. In this chapter, we shall confine ourselves to the easier problem of the maintenance of genetic diversity. For time-dependent environments, we examined this question in Sect. 4.5 by introducing the concept of protected polymorphism. We shall use the same approach here to expound multi-niche selection.
Failure-free survival of the Durata defibrillator lead

Aims Given design similarities and a common manufacturer, there have been suspicions regarding the Durata™ defibrillator (ICD) lead, in the aftermath of the Riata™ class I recall. We therefore examined the failure-free survival rates of the Durata™ compared with the Riata™ and Sprint Quattro™ ICD leads. Methods and results All patients ( n = 2475) implanted with a Durata ( n = 828), Riata [ n = 627; 8 Fr. ( n = 472) and 7 Fr. ( n = 155)], or Sprint Quattro ( n = 1020) leads at our institution were included and Kaplan–Meier failure-free survival curves were constructed for all leads. Lead failure was defined as electrical malfunction resulting in lead replacement, excluding dislodgements or perforations. Annual electrical failure rates were 0.3%, 1.7, and 0.3% for the Durata, Riata, and Sprint Quattro leads, respectively ( P < 0.0001 for the comparison of Durata to Riata and P = 0.1.0 for the comparison of Durata to Sprint Quattro). The failure-free survival of the Durata lead was significantly better than that of the Riata lead ( P < 0.0001) and similar to that of the Sprint Quattro ( P = 0.94). The 7 Fr. Riata ST lead had better survival compared with the 8 Fr. Riata lead ( P = 0.050) and comparable survival with the Durata lead ( P = 0.12). Conclusion The Durata lead failure-free survival is significantly better than the 8 Fr. Riata, albeit at a shorter follow-up time. Riata and comparable with that of the 7 Fr. Riata ST and the Sprint Quattro ICD leads. These data provide an insight into the mechanism of electrical failure of Riata leads and have implications for patient management.
Creativity and the surgeon

This Robert E. Gross lecture is an analysis of the concept of creativity and how it relates to the practice of surgery. The questions-why surgery and creativity are closely associated; what influences creativity; why we should be concerned about it; and, finally, what rewards it brings-are discussed. In a personal note, the author describes his approach to creativity, with simplification as a central theme. He presents 6 examples of his work and the lessons learned from this activity. He stresses the importance of fostering creativity in all institutions in which physicians are trained and the need to focus on medical students, residents, and fellows. The critical importance of identifying, nurturing, and protecting innovators, as well as the role of the mentor, is emphasized. Because creativity has a place in many settings and discovery encompasses a wide spectrum, the author provides multiple suggestions aimed at encouraging the participation of those providing surgical care in the fulfilling experience of creative activity and innovation.
Spectrum Shaping Using Weighted Code-Hopping CDMA

Spectral shaping is one of the primary technical challenges in spectrally constrained multiple access applications. In this paper, we introduce an efficient spectrum shaping technique based on code-hopping CDMA. In this approach users are allowed to hop between available spreading codes with different probabilities. The proportion of time that each code is used for spreading is determined by an assigned code-weight. We show that the code-weights can be chosen such that the power spectral density of the resulting signal would approximate a desired shape without changing the pulse shape. We also analyze the impact of the hopping patterns on the system capacity in the multi-user orthogonal CDMA systems
Screening Services in Civil Commitment of the Mentally Ill: An Attempt to Balance Individual Liberties with Needs for Treatment

Screening services are a central feature of New Jersey's new civil commitment law. This law, more commonly referred to as the screening law, exemplifies a nationwide trend in civil commitment legislation, attempting to balance liberty interests and the need to treat the mentally ill. Screening services, designated as the preferred process of entry into involuntary hospitalization, were expected to prevent unnecessary commitment and to provide community mental health services. When deemed necessary, commitment in local general hospitals rather than in state mental hospitals was to occur. This paper reports results of a study of screening centers that were already in operation in New Jersey prior to the implementation of the new law. It assesses the function of screening services and their potential impact on the commitment process in light of the objectives of the law. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with key informants from the screening centers as well as from their environment, and from statistical reports on hospitalizations in state hospitals, admissions to screening centers, and admissions to psychiatric inpatient units of general hospitals. Analysis suggests that without more resources for alternative community facilities, screening services cannot achieve their objectives and the new reform may not live up to expectations. Shortage of alternatives to hospitalization and lack of incentives to develop and use them appeared to be counterproductive to achieving the objectives of the law. The availability of screening service and psychiatric units in general hospitals for involuntary hospitalization, on one hand, and the lack of alternatives in the community, on the other, may actually lead to inappropriate commitments and an increase in the number of civil commitments. Furthermore, findings indicated that screeners encouraged hospitalization readily even if other, less restrictive environments could have been pursued. Screening centers may become "gate openers" instead of playing their expected role as "gate keepers."
BMI, sex, and access to transplantation.

An astonishing one of every three Americans in the general population is now obese, defined as a body mass index (BMI)≥30.0 kg/m2 ([1][1]). Even more strikingly, one of every two American patients with ESRD is obese ([2][2]). What is the best treatment modality for such patients? Among patients
An Assessment of the Concurrent Validity of a Child Molester Typology

Knight, Carter, and Prentky (1989) have proposed a typology that attempts to meet the need for a clearly operationalized, reliable, valid taxonomic system for child molesters (Massachusetts Treatment Center Child Molester Typology [MTC:CM3]). In creating this typology they made several assumptions about the interrelations among the components of their system. Because these hypothetical relations provided critical structural underpinnings for MTC:CM3, it was essential that the validity of these assumptions be tested. In the present study, the assignments of 177 child molesters to MTC:CM3 were examined to determine whether the distribution of offenders into the proposed types was consistent with the underlying structural hypotheses. In every case the distribution of offenders corroborated the structural hypotheses.
The genuine sieve of eratosthenes

A much beloved and widely used example showing the elegance and simplicity of lazy functional programming represents itself as “The Sieve of Eratosthenes.” This paper shows that this example is not the sieve and presents an implementation that actually is.
Modeling the Process of Online Q&A Discussions Using a Dialogue State Model

Online discussion board has become increasingly popular in higher education. As a step towards analyzing the role that students and instructors play during the discussion process and assessing students’ learning from discussions, we model different types of contributions made by instructors and students with a dialogue-state model. By analyzing frequent Q&A discussion patterns, we have developed a graphic model of dialogue states that captures the information role that each message plays, and used the model in analyzing student discussions, presenting several viable ap-proaches including CRF, SVM, and decision tree for the state classification. Such analyses can give us a new insight on how students interact in online discussions and kind of assistance needed by the students.
Behavior change techniques in top-ranked mobile apps for physical activity.

Results: Most descriptions of apps incorporated fewer than four behavior change techniques. The most common techniques involved providing instruction on how to perform exercises, modeling how to perform exercises, providing feedback on performance, goal-setting for physical activity, and planning social support/change. A latent class analysis revealed the existence of two types of apps, educational and motivational, based on their configurations of behavior change techniques. Conclusions: Behavior change techniques are not widely marketed in contemporary physical activity apps. Based on the available descriptions and functions of the observed techniques in contemporary health behavior theories, people may need multiple apps to initiate and maintain behavior change. This audit provides a starting point for scientists, developers, clinicians, and consumers to evaluate and enhance apps in this market. (Am J Prev Med 2014;46(6):649–652) & 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Kinetic Energy Budget Analysis During Interaction of Tropical Storm Candy (1968) with an Extratropical Frontal System

Abstract A kinetic energy budget over the central United States is constructed using the quasi-Lagrangian scheme of Vincent and Chang (1973), during the 12 h time period 0000–1200 GMT 25 June 1968 when Tropical Storm Candy interacted with a developing extratropical frontal system. Although it is difficult to specifically establish some of the interacting physical mechanisms without consideration of an available potential energy budget, the kinetic energy results, in addition to computations of the release of available potential energy, suggest that there is an interaction taking place between the two cyclone systems. The major results of the study were as follows: 1) there is a large export of kinetic energy, primarily in the upper troposphere, from the extratropical baroclinic zone toward the tropical system; 2) the tropical system remains warm core during and after interaction with the cold-air-advecting baroclinic zone; 3) the release of available potential energy by the tropical system increases durin...
Review: What is Talmud? The Art of Disagreement, by Sergey Dolgopolski

This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the English at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@odu.edu. Repository Citation Metzger, David, "What is Talmud? The Art of Disagreement" (2012). English Faculty Publications. Paper 17. http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_fac_pubs/17
Diffuse malignant lymphoma with cerebriform nuclei: A B-cell lymphoma studied with monoclonal antibodies.

A lymph node biopsy performed on a 55-year-old woman with asymptomatic generalized lymphadenopathy revealed a diffuse, malignant lymphoma composed of small to intermediate-sized lymphocytes with cerebriform-shaped nuclei; electron microscopy confirmed the nuclear complexity. The cerebriform nuclear configuration, coupled with an interfollicular pattern of nodal involvement with encroachment upon residual germinal centers, was presumptive of either mycosis fungoides or a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Immunologic evaluation, however, indicated that the cerebriform lymphocytes represented a monoclonal B-cell population (IgM-IgD, lambda). Staining with monoclonal antibodies disclosed a phenotype of 1a+, B1+, BA-1+, BA-2+, Leu-1+; the neoplastic cells were unreactive with T-cell, lineage-specific antibodies (anti-Leu-2a, -3a, -4, -5) and with J5 (CALLA). In light of the immunophenotype and the distributional pattern, the cerebriform-shaped lymphocytes may represent an extreme morphologic variant of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma.
Mandibular Gland Extirpation in Living Queen and Worker Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

Mandibular gland extirpation in the living bee is suggested as a means of elucidating the functions of these glands, whose secretions both from queens and workers are known to exert notable influences on the physiology and behavior of the honey bee colony. Using a technique described here, the glands were removed successfully from 19 laying queens, and 15 of these were accepted when introduced into colonies. Thus it is possible to study “queenright” colonies denied only the mandibular gland secretion of the queen. Extirpation of these glands from 11 living workers demonstrated worker survival following the operation.
Biological Notes on, and Eradication of Trichogramma semifumatum from Laboratory Cultures of Eight Species of Noctuidae

During April 1967, laboratory colonies of bollworms, Heliothis zea (Boddie); tobacco budworms, H. virescens (F.); cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hϋbner); alfalfa loopers, Autographa californica (Speyer); Rachiplusia ou (Guence); Pseudoplusia includens Walker; yellow-striped armyworms, Prodenia ornithogalli Guenee; and beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were found to be infested by an egg parasite, Trichogramma semi/umatum (Perkins) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The percentage of parasitized eggs taken from the oviposition room in which all 8 noctuid species were held ranged from less than 2% in P. includens , to more than 95% in H. zea and H. vireseens . Additional experimentation showed a probable host preference of T. semifumatum for eggs of T. ni and A. californica over those of P. includens . Larvae of the 8 noctuid species hatch from nonparasitized eggs in 3-4 days at 27, whereas T. semifumatum requires 7.5-9 days to complete its development within parasitized eggs. By employing this differential period of emergence between the parasite and 1st-instar noctuid larvae, the parasite was completely cullinated from all colonies within 2 weeks after a procedure of destruction of 4- to 7-day-old unhatched eggs was initiated.
Transmission of Salmonella montevideo from contaminated to clean wheat by the rice weevil.

Sitophilus oryzae (L.) retained Salmonella montevideo internally and externally for at least 1 week after being in contaminated wheat for 7 days, and for at least 5 weeks after being in contaminated wheat for 14 and 21 days. Contamination of clean wheat by the rice weevils was greater after they had been exposed to S. montevideo contaminated wheat for 14 and 21 days. Rapid decrease in viable S. montevideo cells in wheat over a 21-day period apparently did not affect the ability of the weevils to pick up the organism internally or externally. Adult rice weevils were effective]y surface-sterilized by washing in 70% ethyl alcohol followed by 1% mercuric chloride.
Toward a Model of Strategic Influence, International Broadcasting, and Global Engagement

This article explores how strategic communication, public diplomacy, international governmental broadcasting, and social media networking can be brought together in a system of strategic influence and global engagement. The analysis offers a contrasting approach to various views of public diplomacy or strategic communication which privilege one form of governmental influence over others and treat partial aspects of national persuasion as complete pictures of government communication aimed at foreign audiences. Because so much of public diplomacy literature today emphasizes social media, it is necessary to determine how specific tools of influence such as international broadcasting, can be used in ways that fit new thinking in public diplomacy as well as continuously emerging new media ecologies.
Analysis of Classified Register Data of Pulmonary TB Cases in Sichuan Province From 2005 to 2007

Objective To primarily investigate the advance effects on pulmonary TB case detection,register and management in recent years in Sichuan Province.Method Partial data of classified register cases was analyzed by using the national tuberculosis control quarterly reports from 2005 to 2007.Result The register rate for primary treatment of smear-positive cases increased annually from 41.04/105 in 2005 to 44.92/105 in 2007.The primary treatment case rate rose gradually from 84.07% in 2005 to 88.55% in 2007 with 86.52% as the average rate,while the re-treatment case rate decreased from 15.93% in 2005 to 11.45% in 2007 with 13.48% as the average rate.The smear-positive case rate reduced from 64.28% in 2005 to 59.27% in 2007.Meanwhile the smear-negative case rate increased from 35.72% in 2005 to 40.73% in 2007.The average incidence age of new smear-positive cases increased annually from 43.27 years old in 2005 to 44.44 years old in 2007.Conclusion The tuberculosis control work is going in a virtuous way for case detection,treatment and management in Sichuan Province,however further efforts should be made in certain fields.
Application of Vines in Vertical Greening of City

Vines are characterized by growing rapidly,occupying less space,giving larger greening area and easy planting or management.They are widely used in urban greening,especially in vertical greening.Application of vines in the urban greening was discussed with respects to its form and rules.
Ethnographic critique and technoscientific narratives: the old mole, ethical plateaux, and the governance of emergent biosocial polities.

A reading of the puzzle novel ViennaBlood, by Adrian Mathews, is juxtaposed tothree ethnographic sketches of contemporaryethical plateaus or domains of ethicalchallenge – the challenges of informed publicconsent to new technologies, the seductions todo whatever is medically possible (sometimes atthe expense of quality of life or the `gooddeath'), and the power of money in driving thebiotechnological industries. ViennaBlood deals with precautionary germplasmmodification and chemical camouflage justifiedas protection against ethnically-targetedbiological warfare, and touches on a series oftechnologies such as new reproductivetechnologies, genetic engineering, andcryptographic attacks and defenses, as well asthe ability to evade regulatory controls. Suchtechnoscientifically informed novels are usefulas cautionary tales, in exploring thecomplexity and interaction among newtechnologies, and the phantasmagoria that helpdrive new technologies. They are not so good atthinking through institutional development: achallenge for ethnography and new socialtheory. Ethnography, like novels, can functionas checks on the mechanisms of abstraction anduniversalization that frequently bedevil thenon-anthropological, non-cross-culturally orcross-temporally comparative, social sciences.Questions are raised about new or emergentbiosocialities, forms of governance, and formsof cultural critique.
The Korean Peace Process: Problems and Prospects after the Summit

A lthough more than half a century has passed since t e two Korean governments were established in 1948, the Korean peninsula is still divided between the Republic of Korea (ROK, or South Korea) and the Democratic Peo ple's Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea). Inter-Korean relations are still character ized by mutual distrust, animosity, a lack of mutual cooperation, and conflicting ideologies. The cold war continues on the Korean peninsula. The first-ever inter-Korean summit meeting between President Kim Dae-Jung and Chair man Kim Jong-il, held in Pyongyang on 13-15 June 2000, was indeed historic. The summit produced an Inter-Korean joint declaration of 15 June 2000, which provided a framework for institutionalizing a peaceful coexistence be tween the two Korean states. Chairman Kim Jong-il's decision to attend the June summit meeting symbolized his strategic policy change toward the South. The new inter-Korean peace process continues to build mutual trust and understanding on which a durable peace on the Korean peninsula can be firmly established. Our objectives in this article are (a) to exam ine the significance of the 15 June joint decla ration, which laid a foundation for a new inter Korean peace process after the summit; (b) to examine the two-track approach to peace regime building; and (c) to analyze key issues between the two Koreas in the peace process. We present three major arguments in this arti cle. First, the Korean peace-building process is the necessary first step for achieving Korean reunification. The two-track approach-an inter-Korean track and an international track -to peace regime building is required to estab lish a durable peace in Korea. Second, the two Koreas should continue to remove key obsta cles to their reconciliation, cooperation, and peace. Third, the two Koreas need to work together to find an alternative to South Korea's goal of an inter-Korean peace agreement and North Korea's goal of a North Korea-U.S. peace treaty so that they can establish an agreed framework for a durable peace. Let us now take a brief look at inter-Korean reconciliation under
A Victorian Class Conflict? Schoolteaching and the Parson, Priest and Minister, 1837-1902

'A Regeneration of the Parish': Wellsprings of Clergy Interest in Elementary Schooling 'The Real Milch-cow': The Clergyman's Role in the Elementary Schools 'The Parson's Fag': The Schoolteacher as the Servant of the Church in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century Merely a Growing Dilemma of Etiquette?: The Deepening Gulf Between the Victorian Clergyman and Victorian Schoolteacher 'Educating our Masters': The Educational Background of Clergyman and Schoolteacher 'The Unlucky Jar': The Straining of Relationships Between Clergymen and Schoolteachers in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century 'An Enemy Within': The Clergymen and the Board Schools, 1870-1902 'The Old Gods Crumble...' Index.
An inverse design framework for prescribing precipitation heat treatments from a target microstructure

Abstract The computer-aided materials design process is highly iterative in nature and as such requires flexible tools that have the ability to link processing, properties, and performance not only in the usual forward direction but also in the inverse direction more associated with a goal-oriented/design framework of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). While many computational techniques exist that relate properties to performance in both forward/inverse directions, tools that prescribe a process when given a desired microstructure have not been developed in detail. This research fills that gap by coupling physics-based precipitation models with “mesh adaptive direct search” optimization techniques as a strategy to develop (inverse) microstructure-processing relations. This framework is demonstrated by prescribing heat treatments in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys that will result in a desired size distribution of Ni 4Ti 3 precipitates. This prescriptive technique provides a rigorous strategy for the identification of materials processing schedules—provided the forward models connecting processing and microstructure are available—that yield specific microstructural features and that can significantly reduce the experimental search space that needs to be explored, accelerating the materials development process.