cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
I'll Know What You're Like When I See How You Feel How and When Affective Displays Influence Behavior-Based Impressions

Accumulating evidence suggests that targets' displays of emotion shape perceivers' impression of those targets. Prior research has highlighted generalization effects, such as an angry display prompting an impression of hostility. In two studies, we went beyond generalization to examine the interaction of displays and behaviors, finding new evidence of augmenting effects (behavior-correspondent inferences are stronger when behavior is accompanied by positive affect) and discounting effects (such inferences are weaker when behavior is accompanied by negative affect). Thus, the same display can have different effects on impressions depending on the behavior it accompanies. We found evidence that these effects are mediated by ascribed intentions and that they have a boundary: When behaviors and affective displays are repeated, the augmenting and discounting power of displays appears to wane.
Reducing income-related inequalities in care and health: insights from Israel

Amir Shmueli assessed income-related disparities in healthcare and health in Israel, extending earlier studies that focused primarily on education, ethnic or geographic differences. The new analysis finds that the poor are more likely to suffer from an array of chronic conditions, despite higher use of primary care and hospital services. The author suggests that lower use of preventive care, patient behaviors, and lack of adherence to physician recommendations likely contribute to the persistence of health disparities. However, the poor are more likely to work at jobs and live in neighborhoods or housing that put their health at risk. Policies will thus likely need to look beyond medical care to broader social services and workplace issues if the goal is to reduce disparities in disability and heart, lung, mental health and other chronic conditions. If Israeli databases include work and community attributes, it would be useful to include such information to enrich the baseline analysis and to assess the relative efficacy of Ministry of Health and sickness funds initiatives aimed at reducing health disparities.
Carbon footprint of poultry production farms in South Georgia: A case study

SUMMARY A study was conducted in South Georgia to assess the carbon footprint of poultry farms. The study included broiler grow-out farms, pullet farms, and breeder farms from one commercial broiler complex. Data collection included the fuel and electricity bills from each farm, house size and age, flock size and number of flocks per year, and manure management. Emissions were calculated using a greenhouse gas (GHG) calculation tool. The carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,andmethane(CH4)emissionswerecomputedandacarbonfootprintdetermined.Carbon footprint comparisons were made based on house construction and age. Based on these results, an evaluation of the mechanical sources of emissions showed that approximately 96% of the emissions from the broiler and pullet farms were from propane use, while only 3.9% of the total mechanical emissions from breeder farms were from propane use. On breeder farms, 83% of mechanical GHG emissions were the result of electricity use, while the pullet and broiler grow-out farms accounted for 2.9 and 2.7%, respectively, of the total mechanical emissions from electricity use. The data collected from the farms and entered into the GHG calculation tool revealed that breeder houses had higher levels of CH4 emissions from manure management when compared to emissions from broiler and pullet houses. Even though the GHG emissions from poultry production farms were minimal compared to other animal production farms, the different sources of emissions were identified, thereby enabling the farmer to target specific areas for mitigation.
An Uneasy Stability “Unpacking” the Postwar Labor-Management Accord

This article investigates the processes contributing to stable labor-management relations in the U.S. coal mining and tire manufacturing industries during the first decades after World War II. Cons...
The Role of β2-Leukocyte Integrins In Vivo

The acute inflammatory response is characterized by the destructive activity of leukocytes against foreign pathogens and/or host tissue. In the event of bacterial invasion, leukocytes are directed to the site of infection by the release of soluble chemotactic agents. Leukocyte localization to the appropriate endothelium results from adherence to endothelial cells, followed by subsequent migration to the site of infection. Leukocytes phagocytose the invading bacteria and release toxic products (e.g., oxygen radicals, proteases) into phagosomes to act against the invading pathogens to protect the host. In noninfectious conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, leukocytes may release these same substances into surrounding tissue causing destruction to the host. This process can occur when activated leukocytes becoming adherent to endothelial cells form a protected microenvironment at the cell-cell interface. This region is relatively inaccessible to plasma inhibitors of toxic leukocyte products (e.g., antioxidants and antiproteases), resulting in direct endothelial cell injury by these leukocyte products, loss of vascular integrity, tissue edema, and thrombosis.
Retirement Preparation of Older and Younger Baby Boomers

The purpose of the study was to examine factors related to retirement preparation of older and younger cohorts of the baby boomers using a criterion of having investment assets greater than 25% of net worth. Using the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances, logit analyses showed that being white and expecting a large inheritance were positively related to meeting the guideline for younger boomers. The older cohort of the baby boomers had increased likelihood of meeting the guideline if the household head was in good health, was male, and had pension coverage. For both cohorts, as age and education increased, it was more likely that households would meet the guideline for
Dead Man's Curve Toward the Turn of the Century: 1998 Annual Selected Bibliography, Part I

(1998). Dead Man's Curve Toward the Turn of the Century: 1998 Annual Selected Bibliography, Part I. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 261-273.
Area-Array of 3-Arc-Fan Compliant Interconnects as Effective Drop-Impact Isolator for Microsystems

Compliant off-chip interconnects as the first-level and second-level compliant interconnect structures are able to accommodate the differential displacement between the die and the substrate or between the substrate and the board due to their high in-plane and out-of-plane compliance. This paper presents experimental and simulation results of drop testing of silicon substrates with micro-scale copper compliant interconnects assembled on organic boards. The micro-scale copper compliant interconnects in this paper are three-arc-fan compliant interconnects with arcuate beam width equal to 10, 15, and 20 $\mu \text{m}$ , respectively. The samples with three-arc-fan compliant interconnects were subjected to drop tests at varying drop heights ranging from 20 to 50 cm in steps of 10 cm. The experimental and simulation results were compared against the corresponding results obtained from the samples assembled with the solder ball interconnects. Through drop-test experiments and simulations, it is shown that the three-arc-fan compliant interconnects when scaled down in size and fabricated through copper electroplating process are able to isolate the strain transferred from an organic board to a silicon substrate, and that the impact isolation increases with the increased compliance of the interconnects. [2015-0205]
Use of bone marrow particle sections in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

Sections of marrow particles from 73 patients with marrow plasmacytosis were examined for histopathologic features of value in distinguishing myeloma from nonmyelomatous plasmacytosis. Homogeneous nodules of plasma cells measuring at least one-half high-power field in diameter were found in 21 of 27 patients with myeloma, and were not seen in the 46 cases of nonmyelomatous plasmacytosis. Such nodules may therefore be diagnostic of myeloma. Permeation of marrow by homogeneous infiltrates of plasma cells, often at the edge of nodules, was seen in 25 cases of myeloma, but may not be diagnostic of myeloma, as similar infiltration was seen in one patient with nonmyelomatous plasmacytosis. Both plasma-cell nodules and infiltration were focal in distribution, and individual marrow particles in myeloma varied widely in appearance from total replacement by myeloma to uninvolvement. Plasmacytic nodules and infiltration reflect the neoplastic nature of myeloma, and should be more reliable in diagnosing myeloma than present cytologic and numerical criteria.
First Principles Study of Cobalt (Hydr)oxides under Electrochemical Conditions

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with on-site Coulomb repulsion are carried out to study the relative stabilities of crystalline cobalt oxides and hydroxides—CoO, Co(OH)2, Co3O4, CoO(OH), and CoO2—in electrochemical environment. Co(OH)2 is the thermodynamic ground state under reducing conditions, i.e., at voltages V < 0 relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) potential in acidic solution, whereas CoO(OH) and CoO2 are stable under oxidizing conditions, i.e., at external voltage larger than 1.23 eV vs SHE in basic solution. These results, combined with surface structure studies of the (0001) natural cleavage surface of CoO(OH), show that a CoO2x– (x = 0–0.5) layer is present when the surface is exposed to solution under oxidizing conditions, in agreement with recent experimental findings. Study of the energetics of water oxidation at regular surface sites of CoO(OH)(0001) indicates however that water deprotonation to form a surface OH species is energetically very costly. Different act...
Comparing pre- and post-perceptions of studying abroad: an Italy programme case study

AbstractThis study examines students’ decisions to study abroad, the value they place on the experience and expected future influences on personal, academic, and career choices. The research focused on past experience and expectations, as well as challenges that are faced when studying abroad. The questions covered Italian culture knowledge, host institution expectations, travel experience, and trip issues. The study contributions include adding to the current literature on intercultural student tourist activities in a foreign country, identifying intra- and interpersonal authenticity among students’ pre- and post-trip perceptions, explore host/tourist relationships, and confirm positive elements that experiential education offers.
Analysis on Running Mode of Nan'ao Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC Transmission System

This paper analyzes running mode of Nan'ao multi-terminal VSC-HVDC demonstration project.On the basis of introducing general situation of the project and according to basic running mode and probable overhaul plan,it confirms initial 14 kinds probable running modes.According to existing technical conditions and principle of"N-1 fault not resulting in outage of Nan'ao island",it analyzes feasibilities of various running modes and finally confirms 7 kinds of feasible modes.Meanwhile,it analyzes running risks of these 7 running modes and suggests to use mode one for daily running.In addition,it points out that connection of VSC-HVDC will not increase risks of original alternative current system but there is limit of reducing risks.7 kinds of feasible running modes are accepted and written into dispatching regulations of the project.
Study on Effectiveness of HIV/AIDS Health Education Among Migrant Workers

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS health education conducted among the migrant workers in Anxiang County. Methods Two-month HIV/AIDS health education was conducted in the migrant workers who returned to homes during the Spring Festival.Random questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the intervention,and the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated.EpiData 3.0 software was used to enter the data.And the statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS13.0 software. Results The proportion of migrant workers with correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS increased from 63.9%(166/260) before the intervention to 85.4%(239/280) after the intervention.The proportion of migrant workers holding discriminatory attitude towards HIV/AIDS reduced from 25.0%(65/260) before the intervention to 17.5%(49/280) after the intervention.35.8%(93/260) of migrant workers were involved in non-marital sex before the intervention.After the intervention,the proportion of migrant workers who may be involved in non-marital sex reduced to 20.0%(56/280).The rate of condom use at non-marital sex was 64.5%(60/93) among migrant workers before the intervention.After the intervention,the proportion of migrant workers who were willing to use condoms increased to 87.9%(246/280).All these differences were statistically significant.Protective factors for reducing non-marital sex and increasing condom use rate included high educational level,good awareness of HIV/AIDS risk and strong self-control from high risk behaviors. Conclusions HIV/AIDS health education among migrant workers during the Spring Festival effectively increases the knowledge about HIV/AIDS among migrant workers,improves their awareness of HIV/AIDS risk and promotes the behavior change among them.
The Human BNST: Functional Role in Anxiety and Addiction

The consequences of chronic stress on brain structure and function are far reaching. Whereas stress can produce short-term adaptive changes in the brain, chronic stress leads to long-term maladaptive changes that increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and addiction. These two disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the United States, and are typically chronic, disabling, and highly comorbid. Emerging evidence implicates a tiny brain region-the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)-in the body's stress response and in anxiety and addiction. Rodent studies provide compelling evidence that the BNST plays a central role in sustained threat monitoring, a form of adaptive anxiety, and in the withdrawal and relapse stages of addiction; however, little is known about the role of BNST in humans. Here, we review current evidence for BNST function in humans, including evidence for a role in the production of both adaptive and maladaptive anxiety. We also review preliminary evidence of the role of BNST in addiction in humans. Together, these studies provide a foundation of knowledge about the role of BNST in adaptive anxiety and stress-related disorders. Although the field is in its infancy, future investigations of human BNST function have tremendous potential to illuminate mechanisms underlying stress-related disorders and identify novel neural targets for treatment.
Coexpression of angiogenic factors in brain arteriovenous malformations

Objective Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are structurally unstable blood vessels that display an angiogenic phenotype, possibly maintained by concerted effects of key angiogenic factors. Therefore, we hypothesized that there are close correlations among key angiogenic factors in BAVMs and that levels of key angiogenic factors are associated with BAVM clinical characteristics that are linked with vascular instability. Methods We measured the expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor-AA and -BB by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 27 BAVM surgical specimens. Tissues were also collected from 14 structurally normal brain specimens obtained during epilepsy surgery. Results Ang-2, VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were highly expressed in BAVM samples (11.9 +/- 15.5 ng/mg protein, 137 +/- 102 pg/mg protein, and 379 +/- 455 pg/mg protein, respectively). Platelet-derived growth factor-BB was detectable in 7 of 21 BAVM samples. There were close correlations between Ang-2 and VEGF (R2 = 0.79). Higher Ang-2 and VEGF levels seemed to be associated with draining vein characteristics linked with BAVM hemorrhage but not with feeding artery pressure or BAVM size. In the structurally normal brain specimens, levels of Ang-2, VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were low (0.8 +/- 2.3 ng/mg protein, 38 +/- 25 pg/mg protein, and 52 +/- 43 pg/mg protein, respectively). Conclusion There were close correlations among angiogenic factors in BAVMs. Concerted effects of angiogenic factors may maintain the angiogenic phenotype in BAVMs and thereby determine the clinical course of BAVMs.
Nursing home care: an introduction.

Practicing nursing home medicine can be both rewarding and challenging. Nursing homes provide a low overhead, flexible, self-designed practice setting with varied, complex patients. With recent changes in the health care system, nursing homes have become places of increasing medical acuity, and are no longer only places of long term residential care. Increasing efforts by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to improve quality of care have led to exciting initiatives. The current 9th scope of work (SOW) emphasizes continued quality of care, with a focus on transitions of care with continued focus on patient safety, and chronic disease management and prevention. Rhode Island’s quality improvement organization (QIO) , Quality Partners of Rhode Island (QPRI), works in close partnerships with Rhode Island nursing homes to reduce rates of pressure ulcers, reduce rates of restraints, improve medication safety, and promote seamless transitions across the spectrum of care. This issue reviews some recent areas of interest and change in nursing home medicine. To start, the 2008 Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) nonpayment rules drew attention to pressure ulcer treatment and prevention. Now firmly considered a preventable condition, regulators scrutinize the standard of care around pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. The article in this edition reviews physician responsibilities around pressure ulcer treatment, and summarizes risk factor modification, ulcer identification, staging, documentation and treatment. Dementia prevalence is on the rise and is one of the most common conditions treated in the long term care setting. Many patients will ultimately reside in nursing homes or special care units due to the inevitable, progressive functional and cognitive decline associated with dementia. Behavioral symptoms are often the most challenging symptom for physicians, nurses and families to manage. Two articles will address the management of behavioral symptoms from both the pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic viewpoints. The increasing recognition of dementia as a terminal illness has led to a more prominent role for and the push to further involve palliative care in the nursing home setting. An article discusses the indications for referral to palliative care, and the symptoms of advanced dementia that can benefit from palliative interventions. Finally, nursing homes are subject to the same trends and outbreaks that affect the general population. Last year’s pandemic of H1N1 was felt among nursing home residents and often with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The final article reviews the effect of both seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza on the older adult population. Hopefully, this special edition provides useful information and updates for those who practice in nursing homes, and for those who care for older adults in the community.
The Role of the Humanitarian Coordinator

One of the biggest challenges facing humanitarian coordinators in multidimensional peace operations is striking the proper balance between cooperation and independence among the different members of the humanitarian community responding to the crisis. This chapter will focus on this balance and examine solutions to the organisational conflicts which arise during and within an international humanitarian response. To illustrate and reinforce the discussion, insights are offered based upon personal experience directing UN operations in the southern zone of UNOSOM.
Analysis of pre-analytic factors affecting the success of next-generation sequencing of solid tumors

C laboratories are rapidly implementing next-generation sequencing (NGS) tests for mutation analysis, however there are few guidelines regarding sample quality for successful results. We aimed to establish tissue quality parameters for successful NGS in solid tumors and to improve NGS performance. Using a 50-gene hotspot mutation panel we identified the major cause for unsuccessful NGS analysis being DNA 10 mm2. Independent factors leading to lower NGS success were cellular tumor areas and decalcification procedures. Tumor type and paraffin block age did not affect success. We optimized workflow and showed improved NGS success rates with pronounced improvement among tiny samples and cytology samples. Identifying preanalytical tissue factors allows us to improve NGS performance and to successfully test tumors obtained from minimally invasive procedures.
Discrepancies in insulin-like growth factor signaling? No, not really.

Abstract Why do studies on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF signaling seem so contradictory? The answer is “It depends”. This mini- review will explore a few of the factors that are likely to contribute to a seemingly confusing message. Most of the evidence comes from experimental animal models.
Trade‐offs across productivity, GHG intensity, and pollutant loads from second‐generation sorghum bioenergy

Greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity is frequently used to assess the mitigation potential of biofuels, however, failure to quantify other environmental impacts may result in unintended consequences, effectively shifting the environmental burden of fuel production rather than reducing it. We modeled production of E85, a gasoline/ethanol blend, from forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Photoperiod LS) grown, processed, and consumed in California's Imperial Valley in order to evaluate the influence of nitrogen (N) management on well-to-wheel (WTW) environmental impacts from cellulosic ethanol. We simulated 25 N management scenarios varying application rate, application method, and N source. Life cycle environmental impacts were characterized using the EPA's criteria for emissions affecting the environment and human health. Our results suggest efficient use of N is an important pathway for minimizing WTW emissions on an energy yield basis. Simulations in which N was injected had the highest nitrogen use efficiency. Even at rates as high as 450 kg N ha−1, injected N simulations generated a yield response sufficient to outweigh accompanying increases in most N-induced emissions on an energy yield basis. Thus, within the biofuel life cycle, tradeoffs across productivity, GHG intensity, and pollutant loads may be possible to avoid at regional to global scales. However, tradeoffs were seemingly unavoidable when impacts from E85 were compared to those of conventional gasoline. The GHG intensity of sorghum-derived E85 ranged from 29 – 44 g CO2 eq MJ−1, roughly 1/3 to 1/2 that of gasoline. Conversely, emissions contributing to local air and water pollution tended to be substantially higher in the E85 life cycle. These adverse impacts were strongly influenced by N management and could be partially mitigated by efficient application of N fertilizers. Together, our results emphasize the importance of minimizing on-farm emissions in maximizing both the environmental benefits and profitability of biofuels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Sousveillance as a Tool in US Civic Polity

In this section of the collection, the intrusion that surveillance or sousveillance performs on the body and the self are explored. This chapter explores the potential of sousveillance, or the recording of an activity by a participant in the activity, to facilitate the notion of the American democracy. Given that sousveillance is a relatively modern form of surveillance, this chapter unveils the historical background of sousveillance, noting its connections to surveillance and classic discussions of power and political theory. Next, this chapter discusses how the intersection of technology, art, and politics, residing in a nexus between public and private, reveals how surveillance permeates contemporary culture. I contend that a conceptualization of what an engaged citizen looks like in the twenty-first century requires a good grasp of sousveillance and its attendant meanings. Sousveillance is inculcated in modern citizenship, as previous chapters have discussed, and so its prevalence is has consequences for communities, policy makers, artists, writers and academics more than ever before. This form of monitoring has body-specific and social reactions which deeply affect the performance of personhood in the twenty-first century.
G.654.E optical fibers for high-data-rate terrestrial transmission systems with long reach

Data traffic demands continue to increase worldwide, driving requirements for higher spectral efficiency systems and higher individual channel capacities. To enable terrestrial transmission systems to keep up with demand, the ITU recently adopted the G.654.E standard for optical fiber with larger effective area for terrestrial use. To keep macrobend loss performance the same as for conventional G.652 fiber, the cable cutoff wavelength specification for the new fiber class was increased to the lower edge of the C-band. We examine here several aspects of G.654.E fiber in terrestrial systems including modeled and experimentally measured transmission reach, the use of Raman amplification with pump wavelengths below cable cutoff, and the transmission of optical supervisory channels (OSC) at wavelengths below cable cutoff. We demonstrate significant transmission reach increases for 200 Gb/s PM-16QAM channels of at least 55% compared to standard single-mode fiber in a re-circulating loop experimental configuration. Addressing the practical questions of OSC and Raman pumps propagating below cable cutoff, we demonstrate experimentally and through extensive modeling that negligible impact is expected and observed in both cases.
On purely sequential estimation of an inverse Gaussian mean

The first part of this paper deals with developing a purely sequential methodology for the point estimation of the mean $$\mu $$ of an inverse Gaussian distribution having an unknown scale parameter $$\lambda $$ . We assume a weighted squared error loss function and aim at controlling the associated risk function per unit cost by bounding it from above by a known constant $$\omega $$ . We also establish first-order and second-order asymptotic properties of our stopping rule. The second part of this paper deals with obtaining a purely sequential fixed accuracy confidence interval for the unknown mean $$\mu $$ , assuming that the scale parameter $$\lambda $$ is known. First-order asymptotic efficiency and asymptotic consistency properties are also built of our proposed procedures. We then provide extensive sets of simulation studies and real data analysis using data from fatigue life analysis to show encouraging performances of our proposed stopping strategies.
TALEN-Based Genome Editing in Yeast

The development of nuclease-mediated Genome Editing represents a significant technological advance and may prove to be as important as PCR and DNA sequencing. Regardless, this technology puts the power of genome re-orchestration into the hands of research scientists for the first time and may lead to a paradigm shift in many biological fields. We present background information, so the reader has a greater understanding for the basis of this technology. We also discuss TAL effector nuclease (TALEN) as the latest engineered nuclease tool, its implementation and uses and present a yeast-based protocol that may be helpful in transitioning this technology to other fungal species.
Attention Deficit and Learning Disorders

The term learning disabled has been applied to those children who have trouble with academic learning despite the fact that they have no apparent physical, intellectual, sensory, or emotional handicap (Federal Law 94-142). The child’s problems with learning may be evidenced in one or more academic subject areas although the most common learning disability is reading disability.
Behavioral—Environmental Determinants of the Reinforcing Functions of Cocaine

Publisher Summary The influence of reinforcement schedules and schedules currently used for evaluating cocaine's reinforcing effectiveness is evaluated in this chapter. Reinforcement occurs in almost 100% of animals exposed to the drug, and acquisition of cocaine self-administration is rapid. Cocaine reinforcement is tested under most of the basic response-based [fixed-ratio (FR), variable-ratio] and time-based [fixed-interval, variable-interval, differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)] schedules and many combinations. The method used to evaluate the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine and other drugs in behavioral economics is described in this chapter. The reinforcing effects of cocaine and other drugs increase when the magnitude of the reinforcing stimulus or dose increases. The environmental stimulus conditions present during cocaine reinforcement (discriminative stimuli) gain considerable control over drug-maintained behavior. Recent approaches for treating drug abuse have focused on pharmacological as well as behavioral approaches, such as offering competing nondrug alternative rewards contingent upon cocaine abstinence. Human cocaine abuse occurs in a much richer environmental context than the sterile atmosphere of animal and human laboratory self-administration experiments.
Survey and Analysis of VoIP/IMS Vulnerabilities

VoIP systems, being primarily software-based, suffer from all the usual vulnerabilities that plague other applications, such as buffer overflows [14] and applicationlevel denial of service [56].
The Case of Ruth Daughtery: Navigating Catastrophic Illness in a Family Member

Illness in a relative or loved one is a challenging experience, and in some ways, uniquely challenging for physicians. The role transition from doctor to family member often provokes anxiety and, in some instances, leads to the emergence of adjustment disorders or even frank mood episodes. Common defense mechanisms seen in these cases include denial and intellectualization. Physicians may struggle with balancing the multiple potentially competing interests that can arise during these periods: the needs of their colleagues and patients, the expectations of their families, and their own mental health and well-being. When indications for a leave of absence arise, doctors may struggle with feelings of guilt and shame about this. Overidentification is a common reaction experienced by the treater in such cases and is best handled with mindful use of psychotherapeutic techniques which foster therapeutic alliance while also helping the patient maximize adaptive coping.
Parametric stress-concentration factors in greenstick bone fracture

The reported work is a part of an ongoing research program concerned with structural analysis of fractured long bone and methods of internal fixation. The stress-concentration factors for equine metacarpus bones containing greenstick fractures and “through” fractures (surgically repaired) were determined for the compression, flexural and torsional modes of loading based on whole bone (unfractured) strengths. The greenstick type of fracture was simulated with saw cuts at the mid-span of the bone, and the parameters varied were depth of fracture and orientation of fracture. All specimens consisted of fresh dead bone which had been placed in a freezer within 4 hr after expiration. The maximum stress-concentration factors for the simulated greenstick fractures studied were about 3.4 for compression, 4.3 for torsion and 16 for flexure. The stressconcentration factors for fractured bones surgically repaired with commercial plates were about 3.0 for compression, 2.7 for torsion and 6.1 for flexure.
Cross-validation of three Advanced Clinical Solutions performance validity tests: Examining combinations of measures to maximize classification of invalid performance.

Use of multiple performance validity tests (PVTs) may best identify invalid performance, though few studies have examined the utility and accuracy of combining PVTs. This study examined the followi...
Concise Total Synthesis of (.+-.)-Strychnine and (.+-.)-Akuammicine.

The formation of the title compounds is achieved via previously reported sequential one-pot spirocyclization/intramolecular aza-Baylis—Hillman procedure.
Seifert and Van Kampen Theorem on the Fundamental Group of the Union of Two Spaces. Applications

So far we have actually determined the structure of the fundamental group of only a very few spaces (e.g., contractible spaces, the circle). To be able to apply the fundamental group to a wider variety of problems, we must know methods for determining its structure for more spaces. In this chapter, we shall develop rather general means for doing this.
Does national culture explain consumers’ reliance on online reviews? Cross-cultural variations in the effect of online review ratings on consumer choice

Abstract Can national culture affect consumers’ reliance on online reviews? 82% of American adults said that they saw online reviews for new purchases ( Smith and Anderson, 2016 ). This paper takes a cultural approach to study how consumers engage in online reviews when they make purchase decisions. This study examined more than ten million transactions made on an online hotel-booking website by consumers’ nationality and five cultural dimensions. The results suggest that collectivism, femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence are positively associated with consumers’ reliance on online review ratings, while power distance tended to reduce the effect. Consumers’ reliance on online reviews was influenced by multivariate cultural values, and no single cultural value had a significant univariate effect. Consumers in Spain and Australia were most likely to rely on review ratings, and consumers in Germany and China were least dependent on online reviews.
OTA students’ perspectives about the development of clinical reasoning

Date Presented 04/05/19 Developing clinical reasoning skills is a mandatory component of training OT assistant students. The results of this qualitative study present empirical evidence addressing the preparation of OTA students’ perceptions of Level II learning experiences, which promoted the development of their clinical reasoning skills. Primary Author and Speaker: Jeanne Coviello Additional Authors and Speakers: LaRonda Lockhart-Keene Contributing Authors: Marie Christine Potvin
Agree without Agreement: Switch-reference and reflexive voice in two Panoan languages

We show that the same Universal Grammar mechanism of Agree can have two quite different grammatical effects: normal agreement in person-number-gender features, or inducing a referential dependency between two designated DPs. As an instance of the latter, we study the switch-reference systems of two Panoan languages, Shipibo and Yawanawa. In addition to the fairly widespread distinction between same-subject (SS) and different-subject (DS) adjunct clauses, these languages also have clauses that are marked as having the object of the adjunct clause coreferential with the matrix subject (OS). We show that the coexistence of SS and OS makes it extra-clear that Agree is at work to establish a relationship between the switch-reference head and the “pivot” DP, since the relationship has all the properties characteristic of Agree: c-command, intervention, phase-restrictedness, and sensitivity to oblique case. We claim that SS and OS are the result of Agree-Link applying to create a pointer from a functional head to a DP, but Agree-Copy not applying to copy phi-features from the pointed-to DP back to the head (“Agree without agreement”)—a distinction that is independently motivated by recent studies of phi-agreement. When Agree-Copy does not apply, the pointers created by Agree-Link survive to LF, where they are interpreted as referential dependency. In contrast, DS is a default construction, used wherever SS and OS cannot be. We conclude by showing that this analysis of switch-reference extends naturally to account for the reflexive voice construction in Shipibo and other languages, illustrating the generality of the approach.
The Study of the Binder Poly(acrylic acid) and Its Role in Concomitant Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Si Anodes.

We use neutron reflectometry to study how the polymeric binder, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), affects the in situ formation and chemical composition of the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation ...
An Early Look at a Scoping Review of Systematic Review Methodologies in Engineering

This research work-in-progress paper is a scoping review of published systematic literature reviews (SLRs) in engineering. SLRs are considered one of the highest levels of proof for evidence based decision making, but they are only as good as the methods used, starting with the search strategy. With studies described as "systematic literature reviews" proliferating through engineering disciplines, including engineering education, it is necessary to examine how well these studies reflect a methodologically sound understanding of established SLR processes. The initial search returned 4,992 results, after removing duplicates. After completing the abstract review, we included 2,674 results for full text review. A preliminary analysis of the citations included for full text shows that SLRs have increased dramatically over the past decade in engineering education and approximately 14.1% of included results for full text analysis contain an education related term in the title, abstract, or publication title. This trend implies that more education on the SLR research method may be needed in engineering education graduate programs and through professional development opportunities.
The Extraordinary Force of Nature Defense as a Defense to Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Liability

This Article makes a contribution to the literature regarding the extraordinary force of nature defense as well as the emerging law review literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing the possible applicability of the extraordinary force of nature defense as a defense to COVID-19 liability claims. Given the extraordinary nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the recognition of it as an "extraordinary" event by federal courts, I contend that courts should seriously consider its application as a common law defense to COVID-19 related liability claims.
Sustainability reporting for sustainable supply chain management in Peru

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the most significant impacts of companies' operations are found in their supply chains, which are generally made up of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). On the other hand, sustainability reporting is a vital tool for identifying companies' potential social and environmental impacts. It is also a critical factor that can help reduce risk and increase small businesses' competitiveness, facilitating their access to global value chains. However, the vast majority of research to date has focused on sustainability reporting by large multinational companies. In this context, this article's objectives are to broaden the debate on sustainable supply chain management and gain insight into the relationship between sustainability and competitiveness in companies. A qualitative approach is used through a case study method to investigate the Corporate Sustainability and Reporting for Competitive Business program in Peru. A sample of 72 SMEs from more than 20 sectors was analysed. The results show that the social dimension was the most reported with 52%, followed by environmental with 27% and economical with 21%. The sectors reporting the most are energy, textile, and logistics. The study also indicates that 78% of SMEs fully or partially met sustainability reporting requirements stipulated by lead companies. The program also enabled the companies to improve their strategic vision, strengthen the relationship with their respective leading companies, generate greater competitiveness, and access new markets. The main conclusions indicate academic and practical implications that will reduce the impact of operations and production on the supply chain and contribute to sustainable development. Finally, the study recommends future lines of research and the application of other methodologies.
Heisenberg Operators in Quantum Electrodynamics. I

A new analytic continuation principle is described, by means of which the calculation of matrix elements of Heisenberg operators in any quantized field theory is greatly simplified. By a "Heisenberg operator" is meant an average over a finite space-time region of a field operator in the Heisenberg representation of the theory. The analytic continuation is made by varying the characteristic masses of the fields through real values. In this way a Heisenberg operator with the physically occurring masses is derived from an operator calculated with very large fictitious masses. In the region of large masses, where real creation of particles is impossible, the operator is identical with the $S$-matrix for a suitably chosen scattering problem. The calculation reduces to the calculation of an $S$-matrix, to which the techniques of Feynman are directly applicable.The $S$-matrix itself is a nonanalytic function of the masses in the region of values where thresholds for real processes occur. A special device is introduced in order to bypass the region of nonanalyticity. The Heisenberg operator is modified by the insertion of real exponential damping factors which have the effect of making all energy denominators in a perturbation expansion complex. The modified operator is an analytic function of the masses and of the damping coefficients, for all real positive values of the masses. The analytic continuation is made by varying the masses while the damping coefficients are non-zero, letting the damping coefficients tend to zero when the physical values of the masses have been reached.
Algorithms for Difference-of-Convex (DC) Programs Based on Difference-of-Moreau-Envelopes Smoothing

In this paper we consider minimization of a difference-of-convex (DC) function with and without linear constraints. We first study a smooth approximation of a generic DC function, termed difference-of-Moreau-envelopes (DME) smoothing, where both components of the DC function are replaced by their respective Moreau envelopes. The resulting smooth approximation is shown to be Lipschitz differentiable, capture stationary points, local, and global minima of the original DC function, and enjoy some growth conditions, such as level-boundedness and coercivity, for broad classes of DC functions. We then develop four algorithms for solving DC programs with and without linear constraints based on the DME smoothing. In particular, for a smoothed DC program without linear constraints, we show that the classic gradient descent method as well as an inexact variant can obtain a stationary solution in the limit with a convergence rate of $\mathcal{O}(K^{-1/2})$, where $K$ is the number of proximal evaluations of both components. Furthermore, when the DC program is explicitly constrained in an affine subspace, we combine the smoothing technique with the augmented Lagrangian function and derive two variants of the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM), named LCDC-ALM and composite LCDC-ALM, focusing on different structures of the DC objective function. We show that both algorithms find an $\epsilon$-approximate stationary solution of the original DC program in $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-2})$ iterations. Comparing to existing methods designed for linearly constrained weakly convex minimization, the proposed ALM-based algorithms can be applied to a broader class of problems, where the objective contains a nonsmooth concave component. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Human versus chatbot: Understanding the role of emotion in health marketing communication for vaccines.

Based on the theoretical framework of agency effect, this study examined the role of affect in influencing the effects of chatbot versus human brand representatives in the context of health marketing communication about HPV vaccines. We conducted a 2 (perceived agency: chatbot vs. human) × 3 (affect elicitation: embarrassment, anger, neutral) between-subject lab experiment with 142 participants, who were randomly assigned to interact with either a perceived chatbot or a human representative. Key findings from self-reported and behavioral data highlight the complexity of consumer-chatbot communication. Specifically, participants reported lower interaction satisfaction with the chatbot than with the human representative when anger was evoked. However, participants were more likely to disclose concerns of HPV risks and provide more elaborate answers to the perceived human representative when embarrassment was elicited. Overall, the chatbot performed comparably to the human representative in terms of perceived usefulness and influence over participants' compliance intention in all emotional contexts. The findings complement the Computers as Social Actors paradigm and offer strategic guidelines to capitalize on the relative advantages of chatbot versus human representatives.
Magnetically Augmented Regeneration in Stirling Cryocooler

This paper describes how the magneto-caloric effect can be employed with direct entropy coupling between the magnetic entropy of the magnetic material and the pressure entropy of the gas in refrigeration cycle. A magnetic refrigerator generally works in the low temperature range below 4.2 K, rejecting heat to the higher temperature that is considered to be the lowest temperature stage of a reliable gas compression refrigerator. A Stirling type Gifford-McMahon cryocooler is usually operated above 8 K. Cooling at lower temperatures with a Stirling type cryocooler has been difficult because of the low specific heat of the regenerator material at temperatures below 8 K. To overcome the limitation of the small lattice specific heat of the regenerator material, a material with large magneto-caloric effect is proposed for the regenerator packing and external magnetic field change is incorporated in coordination with the gas flow through the regenerator. The virtual heat capacity of the paramagnetic material in the magnetically augmented regenerator is increased by variation of the magnetic field. The material is demagnetized for heat storage and magnetized for heat release. The net magnetic work is ideally zero. The paper describes a first order analysis of the combined gas-magnetic system and concludes with a design idea for the refrigerator operating between 300 K and 4.2 K. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of the entropy coupled cycle for further development and to provide the basis for a decision on the construction of a prototype.