cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How do openness and exchange-rate regimes affect inflation?

Abstract A key issue in monetary policymaking is the time inconsistency problem confronting central banks. The impact of openness on inflation enables testing this rule versus discretion debate. This study examines the effect of openness and exchange rate regimes on inflation for 137 countries from 1999 to 2012. Using both de jure and de facto measures, I find higher capital account openness as well as a movement towards a fixed regime to lower inflation. However, there is no clear evidence of a significant negative effect of trade openness on inflation, except for nations with low trade openness and high inflation rates.
Numerical simulation of steady turbulent flow through trileaflet aortic heart valves—I. Computational scheme and methodology

A numerical simulation model and technique are described to simulate steady turbulent blood flow through trileaflet tissue valves of varying degrees of stenosis. The aortic trileaflet tissue valve design was chosen as the subject of this study, since it is the only popular valve in current clinical use which is approximately axisymmetric. An axisymmetric geometry is computationally more convenient since it involves only two dimensional equations. The geometry and dimensions of the aorta were designed from angiographic studies and measurements made from cadavers. The valve dimensions were obtained from tissue leaflet photography studies conducted on tissue bioprostheses of varying degrees of stenosis. The non-rectangular nature of this valve necessitated the use of a body conforming grid. Thompson's method coupled with a Chimera grid system was chosen for this purpose. The Chimera grid was used to avoid a grid with highly skewed cells. Turbulence was simulated by using the kappa-epsilon model with the wall function method. This decision was made after comparing the kappa-epsilon model's performance with that of lower order models, and after considering the increased computer time requirements and decreased stability of more complex models, such as the Reynolds stress model. The results of the study which are very encouraging and compare favorably with in vitro experimental data, are described in Part II of the paper.
The Linguistic Intergroup Bias As an Implicit Indicator of Prejudice

The Linguistic Intergroup Bias (LIB) is the tendency to describe stereotypic events in more abstract terms than counterstereotypic events. We examined whether a paper-and-pencil measure based on the LIB could be used as an implicit indicator of prejudice. Experiment 1 demonstrated that a measure of implicit racial prejudice based on the LIB predicted whether subjects evaluated an African-American or a Caucasian as threatening. Experiment 2 extended this finding with indirect measures of threat. In both of these experiments, an explicit measure of prejudice failed to predict subjects' evaluations. Experiment 3 demonstrated that a measure of implicit gender prejudice based on the LIB was correlated with an implicit prejudice measure based on biased attributional processing. Across these three experiments, implicit and explicit measures of prejudice were largely uncorrelated.
Mobile manipulators for assisted living in residential settings

We describe a methodology for creating new technologies for assisted living in residential environments. The number of eldercare clients is expected to grow dramatically over the next decade as the baby boom generation approaches 65 years of age. The UMass/Smith ASSIST framework aims to alleviate the strain on centralized medical providers and community services as their clientele grow, reduce the delays in service, support independent living, and therefore, improve the quality of life for the up-coming elder population. We propose a closed loop methodology wherein innovative technical systems are field tested in assisted care facilities and analyzed by social scientists to create and refine residential systems for independent living. Our goal is to create technology that is embraced by clients, supports efficient delivery of support services, and facilitates social interactions with family and friends. We introduce a series of technologies that are currently under evaluation based on a distributed sensor network and a unique mobile manipulator (MM) concept. The mobile manipulator provides client services and serves as an embodied interface for remote service providers. As a result, a wide range of cost-effective eldercare applications can be devised, several of which are introduced in this paper. We illustrate tools for social interfaces, interfaces for community service and medical providers, and the capacity for autonomous assistance in the activities of daily living. These projects and others are being considered for field testing in the next cycle of ASSIST technology development.
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

By2004, only 9.2% of women in the United States with prior cesareans underwent a term of labor (TOL), although nearly two thirds of these women are actually candidates for a TOL. In this article, the author notes that the principal risk associated with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC)-TOL is uterine rupture, which can lead to perinatal death, fetal hypoxic brain injury, and hysterectomy. Risk factors for uterine rupture include number of prior cesareans, prior vaginal delivery, interdelivery interval, and uterine closure technique. The author concludes by noting that a pregnant woman with prior cesarean delivery is at risk for maternal and perinatal complications, whether undergoing TOL or choosing elective repeat operation. Complications of both procedures should be discussed and an attempt made to individualize the risk for uterine rupture and the likelihood of successful VBAC.
Social science, child welfare, and family preservation: A failure of rationality in public policy

Abstract The social service community has accepted at least formally the dictates of science in evaluating its outcomes. Unfortunately even its most sophisticated research has routinely failed to conform with the rules of credible scientific research. As a result, the field's statements of its effectiveness are misleading and its policy advice is suspect. This paper develops these themes in reference to foster care and family preservation, focusing upon perhaps the best single evaluative study ever conducted in social work, the recent evaluation of family preservation services in Illinois.
SINGLE DOSES OF VALPROATE (VAL) REDUCE KETONEMIA IN INFANT NFANT MICE: REVERSAL BY L-CARNITINE

We have reported that chronic VAL administration reduced plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) levels in suckling mice and fasting epileptic children. This is a study of the effect of single doses of VAL in mice, and possible therapeutic measures. Plasma β-OHB levels (mean ± SE) in 2 to 10-d-old mice (number in parentheses) 30 min after s.c. VAL injection are given below. In other mice, 15 mg/kg of VAL reduced liver free carnitine (CARN) levels 47% in 30 min (74.5 ± 9.2 μmol/kg (4) vs 140 ± 14 in controls (4), P<0.001). Since CARN is essential for long-chain fatty acid oxidation (hence ketogenesis), we examined the effect of concomitant administration of 2.5 mmol/kg L-CARN with 10 mg/kg of VAL (0.06 mmol/kg). The addition of L-CARN increased plasma β-OHB levels from 0.416 ± 0.013 mM (4) (VAL alone) to 0.606 ± 0.028 mM (4) (P<0.001) (still 37% less than in controls, 1.06 ± 0.03 mM (4), P<0.001). Injection of 2.5 mmol/kg of L-CARN with a smaller dose of VAL, 5 mg/kg, increased plasma β-OHB levels from 0.586 ± 0.039 mM (4) (VAL alone) to 0.843 ± 0.037 mM (4) (P=0.003) (not different from the control value, 0.979 ± 0.059 mM (4)). Decreased liver CARN levels suggest one explanation for VAL-induced hypoketonemia in mice and possible stratagems for prophylaxis and/or treatment of VAL-associated hepatotoxicity in infants and children.
Hyperostosis frontalis interna: a Nubian case.

The aim of this article is to present evidence of hyperostosis frontalis interna in a 40-year-old female recovered from a Meroitic cemetery (ca. 300 A.D.) in Sudanese Nubia. A review of the literature concerning the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel (MSM) syndrome suggests that the changes in the skull fragment are consistent with this diagnosis. This case is the earliest example of the condition so far reported, and therefore, in archaeological time and space, this is a disease not only of modern civilization, but also of antiquity. Current endocrinological reports suggest that the hyperostosis is the hallmark of a generalized disorder of bone metabolism, with increased androgens, prolactin, and somatotropins. Hyperostosis frontalis interna is the central feature of a syndrome first described over 200 years ago by the early pathologist Giovanni Batistta Morgagni, professor of anatomy at Padua (1719). He found thickening of the internal tables of the frontal bones in association with virilism and obesity. Stewart (1928) and Morel (1929) independently added several neuropsychiatric problems to this complex and questioned the possibility of an endocrine basis for the syndrome.
Photoswitching mechanism of cyanine dyes.

Cyanine dyes have been shown to undergo reversible photoswitching, where the fluorophore can be switched between a fluorescent state and a dark state upon illumination at different wavelengths. The photochemical mechanism by which switching occurs has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we have determined the mechanism of photoswitching by characterizing the kinetics of dark state formation and the spectral and structural properties of the dark state. The rate of switching to the dark state depends on the concentration of the primary thiol in the solution and the solution pH in a manner quantitatively consistent with the formation of an encounter complex between the cyanine dye and ionized thiol prior to their conjugation. Mass spectrometry suggests that the photoconversion product is a thiol−cyanine adduct in which covalent attachment of the thiol to the polymethine bridge disrupts the original conjugated π-electron system of the dye.
Government Contracts and Contractor Behavior

The U.S. government embraces the concepts of privatization and market competition, but the realm of contracting shows that it has not always been able to put its principles into practice. Although the contracting system is supposed to be open and competitive, in recent years the government has often awarded contracts with little or no competitive bidding, has chosen to award mostly cost-plus type contracts that force the government to assume more of the risk, and lacked efficiency in monitoring and overseeing private contractors. While the number and value of contracts have increased, the workforce to oversee these contracts has been reduced, preventing the government from adequately enforcing compliance with the contractors, and the government has not made use of past performance evaluations in its contracting system. Private contractors that do business with the U.S. government are for the most part well-established firms with ample resources and inside contacts; many contracts are still being awarded on preferential treatment and to the larger and well-established contractors.
Z n Baxter model: Symmetries and the Belavin parametrization

The ℤn Baxter model is an exactly solvable lattice model in the special case of the Belavin parametrization. For this parametrization we calculate the partition function,κ, in an antiferromagnetic region and the order parameter in a ferromagnetic region. We find that the order parameter is expressible in terms of a modular function of leveln which forn = 2 is the Onsager-Yang-Baxter result. In addition we determine the symmetry group of the finite lattice partition function for the general ℤn Baxter model.
Pancreatic β-Cell-specific Repression of Insulin Gene Transcription by CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β INHIBITORY INTERACTIONS WITH BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR E47

Chronic exposure of beta-cells to supraphysiologic glucose concentrations results in decreased insulin gene transcription. Here we identify the basic leucine zipper transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta), as a repressor of insulin gene transcription in conditions of supraphysiological glucose levels. C/EBPbeta is expressed in primary rat islets. Moreover, after exposure to high glucose concentrations the beta-cell lines HIT-T15 and INS-1 express increased levels of C/EBPbeta. The rat insulin I gene promoter contains a consensus binding motif for C/EBPbeta (CEB box) that binds C/EBPbeta. In non-beta-cells C/EBPbeta stimulates the activity of the rat insulin I gene promoter through the CEB box. Paradoxically, in beta-cells C/EBPbeta inhibits transcription, directed by the promoter of the rat insulin I gene by direct protein-protein interaction with a heptad leucine repeat sequence within activation domain 2 of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor E47. This interaction leads to the inhibition of both dimerization and DNA binding of E47 to the E-elements of the insulin promoter, thereby reducing functionally the transactivation potential of E47 on insulin gene transcription. We suggest that the induction of C/EBPbeta in pancreatic beta-cells by chronically elevated glucose levels may contribute to the impaired insulin secretion in severe type II diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Storage on Tocopherol and Carotene Concentrations in Alfalfa Hay

Samples of first and fifth cutting baled alfalfa hay from the same stand were collected weekly for 18 wk to determine the effect of storage on concentrations of tocopherols and carotene. There was a loss of tocopherol and carotene during storage for first cutting hay but not for fifth cutting hay. The difference in the initial concentrations between first and fifth cutting hay was significant for tocopherol but not for carotene. These differences were attributed to the difference in moisture content. The practical importance to the dairy farmer is questionable.
Amygdala Responsivity to High-Level Social Information from Unseen Faces

Previous research shows that the amygdala automatically responds to a face's trustworthiness when a face is clearly visible. However, it is unclear whether the amygdala could evaluate such high-level facial information without a face being consciously perceived. Using a backward masking paradigm, we demonstrate in two functional neuroimaging experiments that the human amygdala is sensitive to subliminal variation in facial trustworthiness. Regions in the amygdala tracked how untrustworthy a face appeared (i.e., negative-linear responses) as well as the overall strength of a face's trustworthiness signal (i.e., nonlinear responses), despite faces not being subjectively seen. This tracking was robust across blocked and event-related designs and both real and computer-generated faces. The findings demonstrate that the amygdala can be influenced by even high-level facial information before that information is consciously perceived, suggesting that the amygdala's processing of social cues in the absence of awareness may be more extensive than previously described.
Generalized risk-dominance and asymmetric dynamics

Abstract This paper proposes two (ordinal and cardinal) generalizations of [J.C. Harsanyi, R. Selten, A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and London, 1988] risk-dominance to multi-player, multi-action games. There are three reasons why generalized risk-dominance ( GR -dominance) is interesting. Extending the logic of risk-dominance, GR -dominant actions can be interpreted as best responses to conjectures that satisfy a certain type of symmetry. Second, in a local interaction game of [G. Ellison, Learning, local interaction, and coordination, Econometrica 61 (5) (1993) 1047], if an action is risk-dominant in individual binary interactions with neighbors, it is also GR -dominant in the large game on a network. Finally, we show that GR -dominant actions are stochastically stable under a class of evolutionary dynamics. The last observation is a corollary to new abstract selection results that applies to a wide class of so-called asymmetric dynamics . In particular, I show that a (strictly) ordinal GR -dominant profile is (uniquely) stochastically stable under the approximate best-response dynamics of [M. Kandori, G.J. Mailath, R. Rob, Learning, mutation, and long run equilibria in games, Econometrica 61 (1) (1993) 29]. A (strictly) cardinal GR -dominant equilibrium is (uniquely) stochastically stable under a class of payoff-based dynamics that includes [L.E. Blume, The statistical-mechanics of strategic interaction, Games Econ. Behav. 5 (3) (1993) 387–424]. Among others, this leads to a generalization of a result from [G. Ellison, Basins of attraction, long-run stochastic stability, and the speed of step-by-step evolution, Rev. Econ. Stud. 67 (230) (2000) 17] on the 1 2 -dominant evolutionary selection to all networks and the unique selection to all networks that satisfy a simple, sufficient condition.
The Microprocessor-Based Control System for the Fermilab Cancer Therapy Facility

A Neutron Cancer Therapy Facility (CTF) has been installed near the Fermilab 200 MeV proton Linear Accelerator. Sixty-six MeV protons extracted from the Linac are transported to a beryllium target that produces neutrons for patient treatment. A 6800-based microcomputer system, interfaced to the Linac control system, has been used since 1975 to perform the data acquisition and control functions required to operate the facility from the Linac control console. Beginning in March of 1977, routine operation of the facilityfor patient treatment has been done from a local medical control room using a disk-based 6800 system operated from a CRT terminal. This system provides the medical technologist with a display of information and control of parameters necessary for patient treatment, including the accumulation and limits of dose delivered to the patient. A hard copy of treatment parameters is generated for the patient's record following the delivery of each fractional treatment. Because the controlroom microcomputer uses a disk operating system, alternate programs may be loaded from disk and the system used for detector calibration, radiobiology irradiations and even further software development. Details of these two microcomputer systems, the parameters and devices they control and monitor, and the operating experience gained in on-line patient treatment use is presented.
Complex refractive index of Martian dust - Mariner 9 ultraviolet observations

Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer observations of the 1971 dust clouds obscuring the surface of Mars have been analyzed by matching the observed dust phase function with Mie scattering calculations for size distributions of homogeneous and isotropic material. Preliminary results indicate an effective particle radius of not less than 0.2. The real component of the index of refraction is not less than 1.8 at both 268 and 305 nm; corresponding values for the imagery component are 0.02 and 0.01. These values are consistent with those found by Mead (1970) for the visible and near-visible wavelengths. The refractive index and the absorption coefficient increase rapidly with decreasing wavelength in going from the visible to the ultraviolet, indicating the presence of an ultraviolet absorption band which may shield organisms from ultraviolet irradiation.
Optimum penetration of utility-scale grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems in Illinois

Abstract Although solar photovoltaics (PV) are recognized as a promising source of clean energy production, researchers and policy makers need to know the optimum level of solar PV capacity penetration into the existing generation structure under the current fuel mix for the region. As the level of installed PV capacity increases, it is possible that the aggregated generation mix could produce electrical power exceeding electrical demand, thus requiring generator curtailment. Therefore, determining the optimum penetration of large-scale PV and aggregated technical and economic benefits is becoming an issue for both power utilities and policy makers. We report the development and validation of a new methodology for assessing the optimum capacity and benefits of state-wide grid-connected large scale solar PV systems in Illinois. The solar carve-out portion of the current renewable portfolio standard is also evaluated within the context of the state's sustainable energy plan for the near term future.
Effect of Processing Variables on Banded Textures in Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solutions

Abstract Our research focused on banded textures in three lyotropic systems of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC): HPC-water, HPC-methanol, and HPC-acetone. Banded textures were induced by shearing solutions with a motorized parallel plate apparatus. The evolution of the banded texture was investigated by transmitted polarized light microscopy. Measurements of band spacing were used to develop a quantitative basis for comparing relaxation rates. Our study showed that the molecular orientation introduced by shear is preserved longest by using thermodynamically poor solvents and working with high concentrations. Alternatively, if the solvent is thermodynamically good, increasing dilution promotes slower relaxation rates.
Functional interrelationship of serotonin and norepinephrine: cortisol response to MCPP and DMI in patients with panic disorder, patients with depression, and normal control subjects.

The relationship between norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) functioning was explored in a neuroendocrine challenge paradigm. Ten normal control subjects, 17 patients with major depression, and 22 patients with panic disorder volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject received a challenge with meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP; 0.25 mg/kg, p.o.), a 5HT agonist, and desmethylimipramine (DMI; 75 mg, i.m.), an indirect NE agonist, in randomized order. The peak-minus-baseline cortisol response to MCPP was used as an indicator of 5HT function, and cortisol response at 75 minutes-minus-baseline to DMI was used as an indicator of NE function. The cortisol responses to DMI and MCPP were found to be highly negatively correlated in the total sample, in particular in the patients with major depression and panic disorder. This finding suggests that the functions (or dysfunctions) of the NE and 5HT systems may not be separate as is usually believed, and that the NE and 5HT disturbances observed in major depression and panic disorder may not be independent. Rather, there may be a joint disturbance of NE-5HT in these disorders.
Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on West Indian Sematophyllaceae

Sematophyllum caespitosum, shown to be based on a pre-Hedwigian name, is properly calledS. subpinnatum (Brid.) Britt.Leskea caespitosa Hedw. is transferred intoAcroporium withS. lamprophyllum Mitt. as a synonym.Acroporium lamprophyllum Mitt. is transferred toTrichosteleum andAcroporium is lectotypified withA. brevicuspidatum Mitt.Leskea longirostris Brid. is also transferred toAcroporium andS. sericifolium Mitt. is a synonym.Hypnum leptochaeton Schwaeger. is transferred from its current placement inRhaphidorrhynchium intoEctropothecium and replacesE. apiculatum Mitt.
Quirks at the Tevatron and beyond

We consider the physics and collider phenomenology of quirks that transform nontrivially under QCD color, $SU(2{)}_{W}$ as well as an $SU(N{)}_{ic}$ infracolor group. Our main motivation is to show that the recent $Wjj$ excess observed by CDF naturally arises in quirky models. The basic pattern is that several different quirky states can be produced, some of which $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay during or after spin-down, leaving the lightest electrically-neutral quirks to hadronize into a meson that subsequently decays into gluon jets. We analyze LEP II, Tevatron, UA2, and electroweak precision constraints, identifying the simplest viable models: scalar quirks (``squirks'') transforming as color triplets, $SU(2{)}_{W}$ triplets and singlets, all with vanishing hypercharge. We calculate production cross sections, weak decay, spin-down, meson decay rates, and estimate efficiencies. The novel features of our quirky model includes: quirkonium decay proceeds into a pair of gluon jets, without a $b$-jet component; there is essentially no associated $Zjj$ or $\ensuremath{\gamma}jj$ signal; and there are potentially new (parameter-dependent) contributions to dijet production, multi-$W$ production plus jets, $W\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ resonance signals, and monojet signals. There may be either underlying event from low energy QCD deposition resulting from quirky spin-down and/or qualitatively modified event kinematics from infraglueball emission.
Lagophthalmos: an unusual manifestation of oculomotor nerve aberrant regeneration.

Purpose: To describe a patient with unusual findings after regeneration of the oculomotor nerve. Methods: Case report. Results: A 35-year-old woman developed complete right third nerve paralysis after neurosurgical ligation of internal carotid-posterior communicating and internal carotid-ophthalmic artery aneurysms. Permanent ipsilateral lagophthalmos appeared as third nerve function spontaneously recovered. Conclusion: Lagophthalmos may rarely develop after aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve, presumably caused by co-contraction of the levator and superior rectus muscles during the Bell's phenomenon.
Photoluminescence Studies of CuInS2-CuInSe2 Alloy Crystals

Photoluminescence spectra are presented for single crystals of CuInS2, CuInSe2 and CuInS2ySe2-2y alloys. The PL spectrum of stoichiometric CuInSe2 is dominated by free exciton emission of 9 meV FWHM at 1.03 eV, but structure at 090, 0.94 and 0.97 eV is observed due to transitions involving residual native defect states. For pure CuInS2 broad deep luminescence bands are obtained that involve several deep native defect states, e.g. donors at 45 and 160 meV below the CBE and acceptors at 85 meV above the VBE. These defects persist in S-rich CuInS2/CuInSe2 alloys, but excitonic emission is observed, in addition to the deep luminescence. Surprisingly CuInS2ySe2-2y crystals at y ≳ l are totally dominated by free exciton emission. This result shows that an increase of at least 20% over the bandgap of CuInSe2 and excellent crystal quality can be achieved by partial substitution of Se by S.
Saturable reactor with inductive D-C load — I

TWO MAGNETIC UNITS A and B, Figure 1, are used as saturable reactors, and the load consists of inductance L L and resistance R L . The gate current i G , flowing through the gate windings X1 to X2, is discontinuous and flows in rectangular pulses whose amplitude is the same as that of the load current. Thus the average value of the load current I L is larger than the average value of the gate current I G .
Pretest Cuing Can Alleviate the Forgetting of Contextual Stimulus Attributes

Abstract In two experiments, the reversibility of forgetting of stimulus attributes was investigated in rats. Experiment 1 found that when the subjects had forgotten details of stimulus attributes 1 week after training in a Pavlovian differential fear-conditioning task, a cuing treatment, i.e., exposure to the training context, led to a strong context shift effect (short test latency) again. Experiment 2 indicated that the duration of the reactivated memory for the training context was relatively short. When the subjects were tested to the generalized contextual stimulus (shifted room) within 30 min after cuing treatment, they readily discriminated the stimulus change, as seen in a strong context shift effect. However, when the cuing-test interval was lengthened to more than 60 min, the context shift effect was no longer observed, indicating a loss of the reminder effect. These results suggest that forgetting of stimulus attributes may be due to a retrieval deficit, which can be alleviated by a pretest cuing treatment, and that the effectiveness of the cuing treatment on forgetting of stimulus attributes is time-dependent. Thus, forgetting of stimulus attributes may share a common mechanism with the forgetting of a target response.
Kinematic measurement of 12-week head control correlates with 12-month neurodevelopment in preterm infants

Abstract Background Although new interventions treating neonatal brain injury show great promise, our current ability to predict clinical functional outcomes is poor. Quantitative biomarkers of long-term neurodevelopmental outcome are critically needed to gauge treatment efficacy. Kinematic measures derived from commonly used developmental tasks may serve as early objective markers of future motor outcomes. Aim To develop reliable kinematic markers of head control at 12 week corrected gestational age (CGA) from two motor tasks: head lifting in prone and pull-to-sit. Study design and subjects Prospective observational study of 22 preterm infants born between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Outcome measures Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (Bayley) motor scores. Results Intrarater and interrater reliability of prone head lift angles and pull-to-sit head angles were excellent. Prone head lift angles at 12 week CGA correlated with white matter NAA/Cho, concurrent Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) scores, and 12-month Bayley motor scores. Head angles during pull-to-sit at 12-week CGA correlated with TIMP scores. Conclusions Poor ability to lift the head in prone and an inability to align the head with the trunk during the pull-to-sit task were associated with poorer future motor outcome scores. Kinematic measurements of head control in early infancy may serve as reliable objective quantitative markers of future motor impairment and neurodevelopmental outcome.
Disadvantages of VKA and requirements for novel anticoagulants.

Vitamin K antagonists have been in wide use for over 70 years. Warfarin, the most commonly used vitamin K antagonist, has been shown to be highly effective in treating and preventing thrombosis. Despite this, warfarin has many disadvantages, which has led to the development of a new class of oral anticoagulants targeted to specific coagulation factors designated as target-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOAs). TSOAs include the thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran) and factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban). This chapter reviews the disadvantages of warfarin and evaluates both the advantages and disadvantages of the new oral anticoagulants.
Outcome of hearts with cold ischemic time greater than 300 minutes. A case-matched study.

Objective: Expansion of potential donor pool may be facilitated by using cardiac allografts with long ischemic time. Early graft failure and potential relation to transplant coronary artery disease remains a concern. We sought to evaluate outcomes of heart transplantation in recipients of donor allografts with prolonged ischemia time. Methods: The study group consisted of 46 (mean age, 52 years) consecutive patients at UCLA from 1994 to 2002 that underwent heart transplantation with ischemia time O300 min. This group was compared to a casematched control group of 46 (mean age, 51 years) patients identified from our database during this time frame for the following factors: UNOS status, congenital heart disease diagnosis, preop inotropes, pretransplantation creatinineO1.5 and recipient age. Primary endpoint was mortality and secondary were rejection rate and transplant coronary artery disease. Allografts were perfused and stored in cold University of Wisconsin solution. Results: Mean donor ages of the study and case-matched control group were 34G15 and 34G14 years, respectively. Mean ischemia times were 388 (range, 301‐600 min) and 173 (range, 96‐236 min), respectively. The death incidence rate per 100 transplants per year was 9% for the study group and 7.4% for the matched group (PZ0.50). Thirty-day mortality for the study and case-matched groups were 4.3 and 2.1%, respectively (PZ0.9). Late mortality was 16.5 and 18.5%, respectively (PZ0.9). The risk of death after 30 days was 7.5 and 5.8%, respectively (PZ0.5, log-rank). One-year incidence of acute cellular rejection in the study and case-matched groups were 2 and 4.5% (PZ0.36), respectively. One-year incidence of transplant coronary artery disease in the study and case-matched groups were 4.3 and 5.4%, respectively (PZ0.68). Conclusions: Donor hearts with ischemia time greater than 300 min provide comparable early and intermediate outcomes given judicious and careful donor and recipient matching and our current techniques of myocardial preservation and modified reperfusion. Q 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
A Clinical Study of Slow-Releasing Artificial Tears

The slow-releasing artificial tear (SR-AT) is a soluble polymer in solid form. Placed in the inferior cul-de-sac and allowed to dissolve, it is used to treat dry-eye patients. The SR-AT was studied in two phases. The short-term crossover study of 40 patients was completed in October 1976. The long-term open study is still in progress. Of 37 patients who started the long-term study, 18 are still using the inserts—a study retention of 49%.
Staphylococcus aureus Serves as an Iron Source for Pseudomonas aeruginosa during In Vivo Coculture

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen often infecting the lungs of individuals with the heritable disease cystic fibrosis and the peritoneum of individuals undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Often these infections are not caused by colonization with P. aeruginosa alone but instead by a consortium of pathogenic bacteria. Little is known about growth and persistence of P. aeruginosa in vivo, and less is known about the impact of coinfecting bacteria on P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and physiology. In this study, a rat dialysis membrane peritoneal model was used to evaluate the in vivo transcriptome of P. aeruginosa in monoculture and in coculture with Staphylococcus aureus. Monoculture results indicate that approximately 5% of all P. aeruginosa genes are differentially regulated during growth in vivo compared to in vitro controls. Included in this analysis are genes important for iron acquisition and growth in low-oxygen environments. The presence of S. aureus caused decreased transcription of P. aeruginosa iron-regulated genes during in vivo coculture, indicating that the presence of S. aureus increases usable iron for P. aeruginosa in this environment. We propose a model where P. aeruginosa lyses S. aureus and uses released iron for growth in low-iron environments.
Field trial results for a Wi-Fi based spectrum sharing technology in TVWS

We describe performance results for a Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) Platform, including over-the-air data captured outdoors near our Melville, NY facility and in an indoor office environment. The DSM system configuration used to generate the results, and the flexibility of the DSM system that allows it to operate in different bandwidth TV channels are presented. The results include data throughput, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise plus interference (SNIR) and spectrum coexistence data. We analyze the results, including the advantages and efficiency of channel aggregation, and discuss lessons learned during the measurement campaign that apply to future deployments of spectrum sharing equipment.
The Fabric of Control: Slavery in Antebellum Southern Textile Mills

The factory system in one of its earliest forms—the textile mill—made limited strides in the American South during the closing decades of the slave era. While bondsmen were put to work in mills almost from the beginning, the problem of adapting an agricultural work force to the factory system was one that had to be solved simultaneously with the development of the factory system itself. Since then, historians have wondered whether the use of slaves in early industry was an intensification of the human aspects of bondage or whether it represented a marginal improvement in their physical and spiritual welfare. Professor Miller offers no answer to these questions, nor to those of how widespread or how successful was the use of slaves as factory operatives. He demonstrates, however, that apart from the fact that bondsmen took to factory work more readily than poor whites, the problems to be solved by managers, before a successful degree of efficiency could be achieved, were common to all new industrial systems; clearly, the development of an intelligent disciplinary system, enlightened motivation, and good working conditions were as important in using slaves as in using free labor.
Abstracts of the 8th Meeting of the Italian Peripheral Nerve Study Group: 6

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a monophasic illness. Early nadir and lack of multiple relapses have differentiated it from the chronic form (CIDP). We present a case whose unusual course overlaps both disorders. A 71-year-old man presented with paresthesiae and weakness evolving over 1-week period, 2 weeks after an upper respiratory infection. Spinal fluid analysis and electrophysiologic findings supported the clinical diagnosis of GBS. He was treated with a 5-day course of IVIG with rapid, almost complete recovery over the following 10 days. Four weeks later, his symptoms recurred. Another dose of IVIG produced rapid but transient improvement. He was started on oral steroids but continued to deteriorate. Clinical and laboratory reevaluation confirmed the presence of an inflammatory polyradiculopathy; IVIG was resumed. Over the following 3 months, his clinical course was characterized by 3 increasingly severe deteriorations, the last one to quadriplegia, severe bulbar dysfunction requiring tracheostomy and PEG placement, ophthalmoplegia and autonomic dysfunction. Transient improvements occurred between these relapses. Aggressive treatment, which included IVIG, plasma exchange, IV steroids and IV cyclophosphamide, did not produce sustained benefit. He remained pseudo-locked-in for 10 days. Another 5-day IVIG course was completed; he began to improve and continued to do so over the following 5 weeks. The nadir of GBS is usually reached within 4 weeks. Treatment fluctuations usually occur within the first weeks, and relapse during the recovery phase is often limited and isolated. Multiple relapses until a defined nadir are highly uncommon. The bulbar and cranial nerve involvement, rapidity of the relapses, dysautonomia, need for mechanical ventilation, and improving electrophysiology all argue against the diagnosis of CIDP. It remains unknown whether repeated doses of IVIG could change the natural course of this disease leading to such an unusual temporal profile.
Selective and Reversible Photochemical Derivatization of Cysteine Residues in Peptides and Proteins

The selective derivatization of solvent-exposed cysteine residues in peptides and proteins is achieved by brief irradiation of an aqueous solution containing 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-naphthol derivatives (NQMPs) with a 350 nm fluorescent lamp. NQMP can be conjugated with various moieties, such as PEG, dyes, carbohydrates, or possess a fragment for further selective derivatization, e.g., biotin, azide, alkyne, etc. Attractive features of this labeling approach include an exceptionally fast rate of the reaction and a requirement for a low equivalence of the reagent. The NQMP-thioether linkage is stable under ambient conditions, and survives protein digestion and MS analysis. Irradiation of an NQMP-labeled protein in a dilute solution (<40 μM) or in the presence of a vinyl ether results in a traceless release of the substrate. The reversible biotinylation of bovine serum albumin, as well as the capture and release of this protein using NeutrAvidin Agarose resin beads has been demonstrated.
System for detection of small inclusions in large optics

The presence of defects in optical materials can lead to bulk damage or downstream modulation and subsequent surface damage in high fluence laser systems. An inclusion detection system has been developed by the National Ignition Facility Optics Metrology Group. The system detects small inclusions in optical materials with increased sensitivity and speed over previous methods. The system has detected all known inclusions and defects and has detected previously undetected defects smaller than 5 microns.
T Cell Receptor (TCR)-β Gene Recombination: Dissociation from Cell Cycle Regulation and Developmental Progression During T Cell Ontogeny

T cell lymphopoiesis involves extensive cell division and differentiation; these must be balanced by export and programmed cell death to maintain thymic homeostasis. Details regarding the nature of these processes, as well as their relationships to each other and to the definitive process of T cell receptor (TCR) gene recombination, are presently emerging. Two widely held concepts are that cell cycle status is inherently and inversely linked to gene recombination and that the outcomes of gene recombination regulate developmental progression. In this study, we analyze TCR-β recombination and cell cycle status with respect to differentiation during early T cell ontogeny. We find that although differentiation, cell cycle fluctuations, and gene recombination are coincident during normal T cell development, differentiation and cell cycle status are not inherently linked to the recombination process or its products. Rather, recombination appears to occur in parallel with these events as part of a genetically patterned program of development. We propose that the outcome of gene recombination (i.e., TCR expression) may not influence developmental progression per se, but instead serves to perpetuate those developing cells that have been successful in recombination. The potential consequences of this model for the regulation of thymic lymphopoiesis and programmed cell death are discussed.
SiGe-base PNP transistors fabricated with n-type UHV/CVD LTE in a `No Dt' process

Experimental results are presented on the use of N-type ultrahigh-vacuum/chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) low-temperature epitaxy (LTE) to deposit thin (45 nm), heavily doped (1t1019 cm-3) SiGe films to form the base of PNP transistors. To take full advantage of epitaxial base technology, the thermal cycles following the base deposition that cause dopant diffusion and relaxation of highly strained layers must be eliminated. This objective is met by a novel process using PECVD insulators and UHV/CVD LTE emitter deposition to limit the temperature following the base deposition to 550dC. This is essentially a `No Dt' process in the sense that the effective dopant diffusion length Dt is negligible at this temperature. An advanced double-polysilicon bipolar structure was modified to fabricate non-self-aligned small-geometry transistors. Both DC and AC measurements were used to characterize the devices, confirming the presence of a large valence band offset at the base-collector junction. The resulting barrier to minority carrier transport caused additional charge storage in the neutral base and limited the peak cutoff frequency to 15 GHz independent of collector doping. The results demonstrate the impact of the valence band offset of SiGe heterojunctions on the performance of PNP transistors
Towards best-effort merge of taxonomically organized data

We consider the task of merging datasets that have been organized using different, but aligned taxonomies. We assume such a merge is intended to create a single dataset that unambiguously describes the information in the source datasets using the alignment. We also assume that the merged result should reflect the observations of the datasets as specifically as possible. Typically, there will be no single merge result that is both unambiguous and maximally specific. In this case, a user may be provided with a set of possible merged datasets. If the user requires a single dataset, that dataset loses specificity. Here we examine whether the data exchange setting can provide a way to derive a “best-effort” merge. We find that the data exchange setting might be a good candidate for providing the merge, but further research is needed.
CLEAN: CLustering Enrichment ANalysis

Integration of biological knowledge encoded in various lists of functionally related genes has become one of the most important aspects of analyzing genome-wide functional genomics data. In the context of cluster analysis, functional coherence of clusters established through such analyses have been used to identify biologically meaningful clusters, compare clustering algorithms and identify biological pathways associated with the biological process under investigation.
The subacute effects of CNS prophylaxis for acute lymphoblastic leukemia on neuropsychological performance: a comparison of four protocols.

Abstract We report an assessment of the intellectual functioning after one year of therapy of 117 children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were assigned to one of four protocols for central nervous systems (CNS) prophylaxis. These protocals were (a) 2400 rad cranial irradiation plus concurrent intrathecal methotrexate (i.t. MTX), (b)i.t. MTX alone, (c) 1800 rad cranial irradiation plus concurrent i.t. MTX, and (d) a protocol for high-risk patients that included intensive systemic chemotherapy plus 2400 rad delayed irradiation. Neuropsychological evaluation consisted of the Wechsler intelligence scales, the Wide Range Achievement Test, and selected tests from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery administered one year after diagnosis. All patients performed in the average range on measures, although the high-risk patients performed marginally worse than did the others. In general, our results do not support previous reports that cranial irradiation results in early adverse neuropsychological sequelae.
Enhanced Component Reuse with Atomic Domains: Application Scenarios

The implementation of component-based development has reached an era of success yet still is facing issues where local component models are concerned. Some issues from the programmer's perspective are not only the ease and amount of reuse but also implementing a reuse solution that self-selects the best component. Building on previous work, this paper focuses on a general-model framework for developing domain-specific reusable components. The paper illustrates the application of the atomic domains methodology of the general-model framework to specific scenarios of component-based software engineering in an attempt to show a normalized or enhanced local component model. The application of the framework is illustrated as a mapping of its atomic domains methodology to each selected scenario, thus increasing the possibility for ease of reuse and promoting higher reuse for the programmer and the domain of application
Trance capacity and the genesis of phobic behavior.

Several authors have reported increased effectiveness in the therapy of phobic behavior when hypnosis is combined with the treatment, or when it is used as the vehicle for treatments such as suggestion, desensitization, or insight-oriented psychotherapy. The knowledge that marked hypnotizability can contribute to the production of unusual clinical syndromes encourages the investigation into how smaller degrees of hypnotic capacity could be responsible for the production of other symptoms, such as phobic behavior. In traditional psychodynamic terms, it is suggested that the trance or hypnotic experience is invoked spontaneously as a defense mechanism against intolerable anxiety, and the accompanying social situation, or important aspects of it are then perceived in a distorted fashion. In behaviorist terms, this is then learned and reinforced by repeated perceptually distorted experiences.