cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformational dynamics of single HIV-1 envelope trimers on the surface of native virions

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) mediates viral entry into host cells. To enable the direct imaging of conformational dynamics within Env, we introduced fluorophores into variable regions of the glycoprotein gp120 subunit and measured single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer within the context of native trimers on the surface of HIV-1 virions. Our observations revealed unliganded HIV-1 Env to be intrinsically dynamic, transitioning between three distinct prefusion conformations, whose relative occupancies were remodeled by receptor CD4 and antibody binding. The distinct properties of neutralization-sensitive and neutralization-resistant HIV-1 isolates support a dynamics-based mechanism of immune evasion and ligand recognition.
Virtual-CPU Scheduling in the Quest Operating System

This paper describes the scheduling framework for a new operating system called "Quest". The three main goals of Quest are to ensure safety, predictability and efficiency of software execution. For this paper, we focus on one aspect of predictability, involving the integrated management of tasks and I/O events such as interrupts. Quest's scheduling infrastructure is based around the concept of a virtual CPU (VCPU). Using both Main and I/O VCPUs, we are able to separate the CPU bandwidth consumed by tasks from that used to complete I/O processing. We introduce a priority-inheritance bandwidth-preserving server policy for I/O management, called PIBS. We show how PIBS operates with lower cost and higher throughput than a comparable Sporadic Server for managing I/O transfers that require small bursts of CPU time. Using a hybrid system of Sporadic Servers for Main VCPUs, and PIBS for I/O VCPUs, we show how to maintain temporal isolation between multiple tasks and I/O transfers from different devices. We believe Quest's VCPU scheduling infrastructure is scalable enough to operate on systems supporting large numbers of threads. For a system of 24 Main VCPUs, we observe a CPU scheduling overhead of approximately 0.3% when VCPU budget is managed in 1ms units.
LaissezFair: A Case for Greening the Business German Curriculum.

An effective way to teach about sustainability and environmentally conscious practices in German language, literature, and culture programs is within the context of a business German course. In this article we first situate educational sustainability in the US, leading into an examination of why the context of German business can be particularly productive for teaching sustainability along with aspects of recent and current German history and culture. We then present a unit focused on “green” business, starting with a general introduction to the topic and migrating into the specific area of Oko-Mode: organic, fair-trade clothing. The “green business unit” described here culminates in a business case as classroom task, featuring a small German eco-fashion company called LaissezFair. The unit further engages students through the use of a variety of media for comprehension and introspection and critical reflection of their behavior as environmentally conscious consumers in our globalized society.
Planting False Memories for Childhood Sexual Abuse Only Happens to Emotionally Disturbed People. . . Not Me or My Friends

Pezdek et al. (2006) reported that although imagining a plausible event increased people's belief in the event, imagining an implausible event did not. In response, Rubin and Berntsen (2007) conducted a survey and reported that only 17.8% considered it implausible that someone 'with longstanding emotional problems and a need for psychotherapy' could be a victim of childhood sexual abuse and forget the abuse. We replicated but qualified their findings; perceptions of the plausibility of this event for (a) respondents themselves and (b) other people in their cohort were substantially lower than the perceived general plausibility reported by Rubin and Berntsen. These findings limit the generalizability of Rubin and Berntsen's results to perceptions of personal plausibility and cohort plausibility, even for individuals indicating that they are likely to seek psychotherapy. Consequently, the risk of inducing false memories in psychotherapy may not be a 'substantial danger' as Rubin and Berntsen suggest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Feasibility study of a clinically-integrated randomized trial of modifications to radical prostatectomy

Numerous technical modifications to radical prostatectomy have been proposed. Such modifications are likely to lead to only slight improvements in outcomes. Although small differences would be worthwhile, an appropriately powered randomized trial would need to be very large, and thus of doubtful feasibility given the expense, complexity and regulatory burden of contemporary clinical trials. We have proposed a novel methodology, the clinically-integrated randomized trial, which dramatically streamlines trial procedures in order to reduce the marginal cost of an additional patient towards zero. We aimed to determine the feasibility of implementing such a trial for radical prostatectomy. Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy as initial treatment for prostate cancer were randomized in a factorial design to involvement of the fascia during placement of the anastomotic sutures, urethral irrigation, both or neither. Endpoint data were obtained from routine clinical documentation. Accrual and compliance rates were monitored to determine the feasibility of the trial. From a total of 260 eligible patients, 154 (59%) consented; 56 patients declined to participate, 20 were not approached on recommendation of the treating surgeon, and 30 were not approached for logistical reasons. Although recording by surgeons of the procedure used was incomplete (~80%), compliance with randomization was excellent when it was recorded, with only 6% of procedures inconsistent with allocation. Outcomes data was received from 71% of patients at one year. This improved to 83% as the trial progressed. A clinically-integrated randomized trial was conducted at low cost, with excellent accrual, and acceptable compliance with treatment allocation and outcomes reporting. This demonstrates the feasibility of the methodology. Improved methods to ensure documentation of surgical procedures would be required before wider implementation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00928850
THE CITIES OF INDIA AND THEIR PROBLEMS

(1959). THE CITIES OF INDIA AND THEIR PROBLEMS. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 223-231.
BRG1 Controls the Activity of the Retinoblastoma Protein via Regulation of p21CIP1/WAF1/SDI

The ubiquitous mammalian chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF-like BAF complexes play critical roles in tumorigenesis. It was suggested that the direct interaction of BRG1 with the retinoblastoma protein pRB is required for regulation of cell cycle progression by pRB. We present evidence that the BRG1-containing complexes regulate the expression of the cdk inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1/SDI). Furthermore, we show that the physical interaction between BRG1 and pRB is not required for induction of cell growth arrest and transcriptional repression of E2F target genes by pRB. Instead, BRG1 activates pRB by inducing its hypophosphorylation through up-regulation of the cdk inhibitor p21. The hypophosphorylation of pRB is reinforced by down-regulation of critical components, including cdk2, cyclin E, and cyclin D, in the pRB regulatory network. We demonstrate that up-regulation of p21 by BRG1 is necessary to induce formation of flat cells, growth arrest, and finally, cell senescence. Our results suggest that the BRG1-containing complexes control cellular proliferation and senescence by modulating the pRB pathway via multiple mechanisms.
Evaluation of TNM Status Changes Between the First Two CT Scans in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

Evaluation of TNM Status Changes Between the First Two CT Scans in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Effect of frontal and parietal lesions on timing behavior in monkeys

Timing behavior before and after successive cortical ablations was studied in three monkeys. Frontal lesions profoundly impaired performance while posterior parietal lesions did not. The animals recovered from the impairment following frontal ablation with further training.
Abstract 109: DNA methylation profiling associated with recurrence of prostate cancer

DNA methylation profiles could signify the risk of prostate cancer and predict the progression of cancer before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Specific CpG sites methylation of genes identified in our study could be used to improve the sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis and to predict the risk of prostate cancer recurrence. To identify methylation changes associated with prostate cancer, we measured gene methylation using the Infinium Human Methylation27 bead chips. Tissue DNA isolation and bisulfite conversion was done using ZR Genomic DNA kit and EZ methylation kit. The methylation27 microarrays was used to analyze methylation of 27,578 CpG sites of 14,495 genes in 198 tumor tissues and 40 matched normal tissues. Methylation data was processed using the Genome Studio software, differentially methylated genes identified using one-way analysis of variance, and correction for multiple testing done using the false discovery rate q-value. To identify putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers we performed four subgroup comparisons: tumor vs. matched normal, recurrent tumors vs. non-recurrent tumors, clinical recurrence vs. biochemical recurrence, and systemic recurrence vs. local recurrence. Clinicopathological and molecular features including patient preoperative PSA levels, Gelason score, TNM stage, GPSM, recurrence type, were also evaluated for subgroup discrimination. Discriminative subgroup candidate methlyation markers were selected using a p value 0.05. Between the tumor and matched normal tissue samples, 164 CpG sites representing 147 genes were identified as significantly differentially methylated (p 2.0). Between recurrent tumor and non-recurrent tumor tissues there were 78 CpG sites representing 75 genes that were significantly differentially methylated (p 1.5). Between clinically recurrent and biochemically recurrent tumors, 16 CpG sites representing 16 genes were significantly differentially methylated (p 1.5). Between systemic recurrent and local recurrent tumors there were 73 CpG sites representing 68 genes that were significantly differentially methylated (p 1.5) Our analysis revealed differential methylation of the genes, implicating their role in prostate cancer development and progression. We demonstrated that the hypermethylation of genes could be used as a sensitive molecular tool in detection of prostate tumorigenesis and prediction of tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 109. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-109
Symmetric Spatial Games Without Majority Rule Equilibria

The assumptions imposed in spatial models of election competition generally are restrictive in that they require either unidimensional issue spaces or symmetrically distributed electorate preferences. We attribute such assumptions to the reliance of these models on a single concept of a solution to the election gameâ€”pure strategy equilibriaâ€”and to the fact that such equilibria do not exist in general under less severe restrictions. This essay considers, then, the possibility that candidates adopt mixed minimax strategies. We show, for a general class of symmetric zero-sum two-person games, that the domain of these minimax strategies is restricted to a subset of the strategy space and that for spatial games this set not only exists, but if preferences are characterized by continuous densities, it is typically small. Thus, the hypothesis that candidates abide by mixed minimax strategies can limit considerably our expectation as to the policies candidates eventually advocate. Additionally, we examine the frequently blurred distinction between spatial conceptualizations of two-candidate elections and of committees, and we conclude that if pure strategy equilibria do not exist, this distinction is especially important since committees and elections can produce entirely different outcomes.
FEM-based Frequency Reliability Analysis of Spindle System of CNC Lathes

Based on the finite element method,we created a parametric three-dimension finite element model for spindle system and simplified the bearing as elastic support. Taken pulley and chuck into consideration,modal analysis of the entire system was conducted,thus the natural frequencies of the first eight vibrations and the corresponding spindle vibration modes were acquired. Critical speed of rotation was analyzed. We compared the working speed with rotation speed of the lowest non-zero set of frequency,hereby the rationality of design was verified. The ISIGHT integrated with ANSYS was used in designing orthogonal experiment and in calculating the lowest non-zero set of frequency. Diameters and length with tolerance requirements,and basic physical parameters considered as random variables,the BP neural network fitting method was used to get the relationship between the lowest non-zero set of frequency and random variables.The first order second moment( FOSM) method was used to calculate the spindle system reliability with specific rotation speed and reliability sensitivity of random variables.
[Study on the prevalence of acute flaccid paralysis and hand foot mouth disease in Beijing 2006 - 2008].

Objective To study the prevalence of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)and hand foot mouth disease(HFMD)in Beijing,from 2006-2008.Methods Data on AFP and HFMD was analyzed epidemiologically,during 2006-2008 in Beijing.All the specimens from AFP cases were isolated and identified by RD and L20B cell and all of non-polio enterovirus(NPEV)cases were assayed by HFMD real-time PCR kit.The relationship between AFP and HFMD was analyzed.Results During 2006-2008,the number of AFP case in Beijing increased from 108 to 177 while the NPEV isolation rate increased from 11.11%to 20.34%and the positive rate of enterovirus 71(EV71)and/or coxsackie virus A16(Cox A16)increased from 0.93%to 10.17%.Conclusion The prevalence of HFMD caused by EV71 and/or Cox A16 might have contributed to the increase of AFP cases in Beijing. Key words: Hand foot mouth disease; Acute flaccid paralysis; Enterovirus 71
Coastal Defense Warfare and Coastal Defense Navies

This chapter examines the various elements of coastal defense. It begins by defining the coastal zone or littoral and identifies the geographical extent of the area included in coastal defense. The various maritime zones established by the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) agreement are defined and their relationship to coastal defense is discussed. The second part of the chapter is reserved for examining coastal defense as a distinct form of naval warfare. This is followed by a description of the coastal defense navy as a distinct type of navy, distinguishable from the four other naval types profiled in Chapter 2. Finally, the components which comprise a ‘model’ coastal defense navy are presented.
Model Specification and Estimation

INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the general modeling approaches most often used in count data analysis – likelihood-based, generalized linear models, and moment-based. Statistical inference for these nonlinear regression models is based on asymptotic theory, which is also summarized. The models and results vary according to the strength of the distributional assumptions made. Likelihood-based models and the associated maximum likelihood estimator require complete specification of the distribution. Statistical inference is usually performed under the assumption that the distribution is correctly specified. A less parametric analysis assumes that some aspects of the distribution of the dependent variable are correctly specified, whereas others are not specified or, if they are specified, are potentially misspecified. For count data models, considerable emphasis has been placed on analysis based on the assumption of correct specification of the conditional mean or of correct specification of both the conditional mean and the conditional variance. This is a nonlinear generalization of the linear regression model, in which consistency requires correct specification of the mean and efficient estimation requires correct specification of the mean and variance. It is a special case of the class of generalized linear models that is widely used in the statistics literature. Estimators for generalized linear models coincide with maximum likelihood estimators if the specified density is in the linear exponential family. But even then the analytical distribution of the same estimator can differ across the two approaches if different second moment assumptions are made.
The Twentieth-Century Secularization of the Sinograph in Vietnam, and its Demotion from the Cosmological to the Aesthetic

This article examines David Damrosch’s notion of “scriptworlds”—spheres of cultural and intellectual transfusion, defined by a shared script—as it pertains to early modern Vietnam’s abandonment of sinographic writing in favor of a latinized alphabet. The Vietnamese case demonstrates a surprisingly rapid readjustment of deeply held attitudes concerning the nature of writing, in the wake of the alphabet’s meteoric successes. The fluidity of “language ethics” in early modern Vietnam (a society that had long since developed vernacular writing out of an earlier experience of diglossic literacy) suggests that the durability of a “scriptworld” depends on the nature and history of literacy in the societies under question.
Mitochondrial Myopathy and Hypotonia

Three children with hypotonia, cardiac impairment, and defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, but no ragged red fibers, are reported from the Hopital de la Timone, Chemin de l’Armee, d’Afrique, Marseille, France.
Etidocaine Aerosol for Laryngotracheal Anesthesia Clinical Evaluation Using Exploratory Data Analysis

Topical airway application of local anesthetics is used to blunt autonomic responses to intubation and to reduce coughing, bucking, and possible bronchospasm. In this study, laryngotracheal anesthesia (LTA) with etidocaine aerosol was evaluated. Techniques of Exploratory Data Analysis were used to illuminate the data and allow for interpretation of clinical relevance by the reader. Results indicate that etidocaine aerosol LTA blunted tachycardia response to intubation, 50 mg etidocaine appears to be the optimal dose, and etidocaine effects we observed are exerted topically rather than systemically.
Do Skeletal Dynamics Mediate Sugar Uptake and Transport in Human Erythrocytes

We explore, herein, the hypothesis that transport of molecules or ions into erythrocytes may be affected and directly stimulated by the dynamics of the spectrin/actin skeleton. Skeleton/actin motions are driven by thermal fluctuations that may be influenced by ATP hydrolysis as well as by structural alterations of the junctional complexes that connect the skeleton to the cell's lipid membrane. Specifically, we focus on the uptake of glucose into erythrocytes via glucose transporter 1 and on the kinetics of glucose disassociation at the endofacial side of glucose transporter 1. We argue that glucose disassociation is affected by both hydrodynamic forces induced by the actin/spectrin skeleton and by probable contact of the swinging 37-nm-long F-actin protofilament with glucose, an effect we dub the "stickball effect." Our hypothesis and results are interpreted within the framework of the kinetic measurements and compartmental kinetic models of Carruthers and co-workers; these experimental results and models describe glucose disassociation as the "slow step" (i.e., rate-limiting step) in the uptake process. Our hypothesis is further supported by direct simulations of skeleton-enhanced transport using our molecular-based models for the actin/spectrin skeleton as well as by experimental measurements of glucose uptake into cells subject to shear deformations, which demonstrate the hydrodynamic effects of advection. Our simulations have, in fact, previously demonstrated enhanced skeletal dynamics in cells in shear deformations, as they occur naturally within the skeleton, which is an effect also supported by experimental observations.
Women Professionals in 1930s’ Film: Westerns in the Context of the Progressive Age and the New Deal Gender Politics

This chapter shows how certain pro-feminist Westerns of the 1930s resist the sexist reaction against first-wave feminism by representing female protagonists who revive gender ideology inherited from the earlier Progressive era.
Reorganization of an Amphiphilic Glassy Polymer Surface in Contact with Water Probed by Contact Angle and Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

We address the question of how a surface of a glassy polymer reorganizes after coming in contact with water. Because contact angle hysteresis measurements are also affected by surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity, we have used surface-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) in conjunction with water contact angles to answer this question. To increase the magnitude of the surface reorganization, we have designed an amphiphilic polymer, poly(α-hydroxymethyl-n-butyl acrylate) (PHNB), to study the changes in the structure of polar hydroxy groups and nonpolar (methyl and methylene) groups at the interface. The SFG and the water contact angles show that reorganization does occur for PHNB below Tg. However, complete reorganization requires heating the sample above the bulk Tg. These heating experiments were conducted by first heating the sample in the presence of water and then followed by cooling the sample to room temperature in the presence of water to lock the changes in the surface str...
Chapter 2 – Transformation and Transport Processes of Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the fate and transport of nitrogen from the various sources used to supply the nitrogen-requirements of crops in the context of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is ubiquitous in the environment. It is also one of the most important nutrients and is central to the growth of all crops and other plants. However, nitrogen also forms some of the most mobile compounds in the soil-plant-atmosphere system; and there is mounting concern about agriculture's role in nitrogen delivery into the environment. Nitrogen represents the mineral fertilizer most applied to agricultural land. This is because available soil-nitrogen supplies are often inadequate for optimum crop production. Use of nitrogen budgets or a mass-balance approach is needed to understand the options for improving management of nitrogen in farming and livestock systems and for mitigating the environmental impacts of nitrogen. Fertilizing crops for crop nitrogen-uptake that will be near the point of maximum yield generally is an economically and environmentally acceptable practice.
Pharmacological Resuscitation Interventions

The primary goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to restore spontaneous circulation and manage postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction, including myocardial contractile failure and life-threatening ventricular ectopic dysrhythmias. During CPR, blood flow is determined primarily by two issues: the pump (driving force) and the peripheral vascular resistance. The mechanical interventions are intended to generate maximal cardiac output and perfusion pressure. A second issue is that of vascular tone. Accumulation of metabolic vasodilator substances, including adenosine, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and hydrogen ions, and diminished neurovascular vasoconstriction decrease peripheral arterial resistance by causing (or allowing) arterial vasodilation. Additionally, there are variable increases in venous capacitance such that venous return to the right atrium is reduced. This has been the basis for the use of vasopressor agents, especially α-adrenergic agents. Quite distinct, however, is immediate postresuscitation management, which has as a primary goal the mitigation of postresuscitation myocardial failure. Pharmacological interventions are designed to improve myocardial systolic function by increasing stroke volume, reducing ventricular filling pressures, and controlling arrhythmias.
1.6 The Mid-Twentieth Century Revolution in Geomorphology

During the middle decades of the twentieth century, revolution swept through geomorphology, leading to the abandonment of many cherished notions and their replacement with new paradigms and methods that were to herald subsequent developments in the field. This revolution was not sudden – it had been building for many years and had its origins in concepts developed earlier but mostly ignored. Nor was it simple – the revolution took many guises, sputtered against the entrenched conservatism of the geomorphological establishment, but eventually took hold. In essence, the revolution had six components: (1) a quantitative and statistical element; (2) a long overdue focus on geomorphic process; (3) a reappraisal of theoretical constructs; (4) espousal of the plate-tectonic revolution; (5) a deeper exploration of climate-change issues; and (6) developments in dating methods leading to better geochronologies than had hitherto been possible. Each of these components struck at the very heart of geomorphology as it had been practiced by a vast majority of earlier scholars. The two decades between 1945 and 1965 were the essential heart of the revolution, allowing for antecedent posturing and later refinement. By the 1970s, the revolution was fully confirmed in the minds of all but the most stubborn, and more importantly in the work of young scholars unconstrained by earlier notions.
Engaging and Supporting Underrepresented Undergraduate Students in Linguistic Research and Across the University

This article describes my prior work as co-founder and director of the William & Mary Scholars Undergraduate Research Experience (WMSURE), a cross-departmental and cross-school program at the Colle...
Being in Crisis: Scenes of Blindness and Insight in Tragedy

Tragedy was considered ‘highly serious, political (in some sense)—and religious’, at its origin in Athens in 427 BCE (Winnington-Ingram, 1989: 5). In spite of its centuries-old existence the trope still troubles theatre and performance philosophy scholars. As Simon Critchley (2017) recently put it: ‘What kind of hedonism is the pleasure we take in tragedy, which depicts not just suffering and death, but the ghostly porosity of the frontier separating the living from the dead?’ (37). This paper makes use of, and critiques Critchley’s scholarship. It explores his notion of tragedy’s porous frontier in relation to the skene , the boundary that bisected the ancient stage and restricted audience vision at critical moments in the drama. The paper links the skene functionally to other such pivotal boundaries or ‘scenes’, to generate an interdisciplinary range of approaches to the precarious experience of having sight and hearing momentarily dislocated from each other. In the process the paper contests Critchley’s Platonic concerns about tragedy’s deceptive and sadistic inflections, to offer an entirely new take on the ancient art form; one which may shed fresh light on Performance Philosophy’s foundational debates concerning the use, or demolition, of boundaries.
What do people think about genetics? A systematic review.

Genetics is increasingly becoming a part of modern medical practice. How people think about genetics’ use in medicine and their daily lives is therefore essential. Earlier studies indicated mixed attitudes about genetics. However, this might be changing. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) as a guideline, we initially reviewed 442 articles that looked at awareness, attitudes, knowledge, and perception of risks among the general and targeted recruitment populations. After fitting our criteria (from the last 5 years, conducted in the USA, non-provider populations, quantitative results reported, and assessed participants 18 years and older), finally 51 eligible articles were thematically coded and presented in this paper. Awareness is reported as relatively high in the studies reviewed. Attitudes are mixed but with higher proportions reporting positive attitudes towards genetic testing and counseling. Self-reported knowledge is reasonably high, specifically with the effects of specific programs developed to raise knowledge levels of the general and targeted recruited populations. Perception of risk is somewhat aligned with actual risk. With the reasonable positive reports of genetic awareness and knowledge, there is similar positive attitude and perception of risk, supporting the need for continued dissemination of such knowledge. Given interest in incorporating community participation in genomic educational strategies, we provide this review as a baseline from which to launch community-specific educational supports and tools.
Counter/acting the Body Politic: Leonor de la Cueva's "La firmeza en la ausencia"

Although women protagonists in male-authored Spanish comedias were cast in pivotal roles, they remained as objects for which the male protagonists competed and contended. It has not been until recently that women playwrights have been studied by feminist critics, who have shed light on the reestablishment of the relational union of men and women. Nonetheless, while these female-authored comedias counter male authority, they often seemed to act out the part of the patriarchy. My analysis of Leonor de la Cueva’s La firmeza en la ausencia intends to measure the impact of women’s destabilizing force as it is introduced and asserted in the play. Through the female protagonist’s constancy, Cueva’s play counters the political authority as it is represented by the male protagonists—her king, her lover, and her lover’s friend. Moreover, in its geopolitical proximity to Cueva’s own time, the play acts out its realism, inverting the male-authored comedia’s motifs of honor, homosocial bonding, and mirror of princes. In the end, it is her body that disrupts the political and moral order, acting as both destabilizing factor and catalyst that calls the political body to order, and that is itself mirrored in the body of the text as poetic difference.
Community Involvement: What Supports Are Available for Diverse Families of Students with Disabilities?

Research has suggested that the level of parent engagement has a positive correlation with student achievement. Parent engagement in special education is even more crucial. However, due to linguistic differences among culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families and schools, cultural challenges, and a lack of understanding of the American special education system and parental rights, many CLD families may have difficulties advocating for their children. Currently, many schools in the United States are facing a shortage of funding and bilingual professionals. As a result, they are unable to provide training and support for CLD parents of children with disabilities in meeting their children’s needs. Parents have to seek support elsewhere, their community. This chapter will provide an overview of the types of community support that are available for diverse families of students with disabilities in the United States and challenges these communities may encounter. Therefore, family, school, and community partnership becomes critical.
Heat transfer analysis and flow of a slag-type fluid: Effects of variable thermal conductivity and viscosity

Abstract In this paper we study the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on the heat transfer and flow of a slag-type non-Newtonian fluid between two horizontal flat plates. We solve the governing equations in their non-dimensional forms and perform a parametric study to see the effects of various dimensionless numbers on the velocity, volume fraction and temperature profiles. The different cases of shear- thinning and thickening, and the effect of the exponent in the Reynolds viscosity model, for the temperature variation in viscosity, are also considered.
Primary care providers believe that comprehensive medication management improves their work-life

Purpose: In primary care, clinical pharmacists often deliver a service called comprehensive medication management (CMM). While research has identified that CMM positively influences most aspects of the Quadruple Aim, it is unclear how CMM—both the service and the role of the pharmacist—may influence the primary care provider9s (PCP) clinical work, professional satisfaction, and burnout (described here as PCP9s work-life). We aimed to identify how PCPs perceive CMM impacts their work-life. Methods: Sixteen PCPs were interviewed. Interview questions centered on how CMM affects their work-life. After interviews were transcribed, a codebook was developed by 2 researchers and from the codes, themes were identified. Results: PCPs spoke of the pharmacist being an added skillset and resource and a collaborative partner in caring for patients. They also described 7 outcomes of having CMM available that contribute to their work-life. These outcomes were: decreased workload, satisfaction patients are receiving better care, reassurance, decreased mental exhaustion, enhanced professional learning, increased provider access, and achievement of quality measures. Lastly, the PCPs described barriers and areas of opportunity related to CMM. Conclusion: Our findings suggest PCPs believe CMM, in general, positively affects their work-life. CMM9s impact on PCPs aligns with many previously identified drivers of burnout and engagement among providers. These results shed light on how CMM may foster achievement of the Quadruple Aim.
Autophagic bias in the striatum.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is implicated in the maintenance of normal neuronal activity through the regulation of synaptic function and plasticity. However, differences in autophagic degradation with...
Chapter 16 – Using Secondary Data in Statistical Analysis

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to review the general concepts and potential limitations of meta analysis. The chapter illustrates the working principles of meta analysis and application of this technique to studies examining the use of anti-inflammatory therapies in sepsis. Meta analysis has evolved as a technique useful for summarizing a large number of clinical trials and for resolving discrepancies raised by these trials. There are many similarities between randomized controlled trials and meta analyses. Both randomized trials and meta analyses are designed to answer a scientifically valid question. Both techniques require that the patients or studies included, the data collected, and the analysis performed be prospectively planned, and that the results obtained be analyzed for factors that may potentially interact with treatment effect. Finally, both techniques deal with populations, not with single individuals.
Unraveling the Bidirectional Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Perpetration: A Test of Mechanisms From Opportunity and General Strain Theories:

This study tested two theories designed to explain the bullying perpetration–victimization relationship. Peer delinquency was hypothesized to mediate the pathway from bullying perpetration to victi...
Liver-specific Prkn knockout mice are more susceptible to diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.

Abstract Objective PARKIN is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates mitochondrial quality control through a process called mitophagy. Recent human and rodent studies suggest that loss of hepatic mitophagy may occur during the pathogenesis of obesity-associated fatty liver and contribute to changes in mitochondrial metabolism associated with this disease. Whole-body Prkn knockout mice are paradoxically protected against diet-induced hepatic steatosis; however, liver-specific effects of Prkn deficiency cannot be discerned in this model due to pleotropic effects of germline Prkn deletion on energy balance and subsequent protection against diet-induced obesity. We therefore generated the first liver-specific Prkn knockout mouse strain (LKO) to directly address the role of hepatic Prkn. Methods Littermate control (WT) and LKO mice were fed regular chow (RC) or high-fat diet (HFD) and changes in body weight and composition were measured over time. Liver mitochondrial content was assessed using multiple, complementary techniques, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity was assessed using Oroboros O2K platform. Liver fat was measured biochemically and assessed histologically, while global changes in hepatic gene expression were measured by RNA-seq. Whole-body and tissue-specific insulin resistance were assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with isotopic tracers. Results Liver-specific deletion of Prkn had no effect on body weight or adiposity during RC or HFD feeding; however, hepatic steatosis was increased by 45% in HFD-fed LKO compared with WT mice (P Conclusions These data demonstrate that PARKIN contributes to mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver and plays a protective role against the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual and First Virtual Upper Midwest Neuro-Ophthalmology Group Meeting, 24 July 2020

The 42nd meeting of the Upper Midwest Neuro-Ophthalmology Group (UMNOG) took place on 24 July 2020 in an inaugural virtual format due to COVID-19 precautions. Eighty-seven people attended virtually, including 25 trainees, which marked the highest UMNOG meeting attendance on record. We present a synopsis of the meeting presentations.
Skeletal and Dental Habilitation of Residual Alveolar and Maxillary Clefts.

ABSTRACT Management of residual clefts of the alveolus and maxilla requires the coordinated effort of multiple members of the craniofacial team including surgeon, orthodontist, and when teeth are hypoplastic or absent, the prosthodontist to achieve complete habilitation. Such cooperation among specialists begins early in the patient's life and continues through completion of care.Although numerous publications on this topic exist, few present definitive multidisciplinary reconstructive outcomes with longterm results. In this review paper, the authors present our comprehensive, multidisciplinary protocols, experience, and techniques as they have evolved with over 35 years of practice at our Craniofacial Center.Details of our updated protocols for each intervention and procedure, including our current thoughts on appropriate timing, follow up and advantages from the incorporation of current technologies are discussed. Close cooperation among specialists at all stages of care, the use of evolving technology, and adherence to, and modification where indicated, of time honored team protocols enables us to consistently achieve successful functional and esthetic outcomes, while minimizing complications.
Mass Intentions: Twentieth-Century Theology and Pastoral Reform [Part Two]:

The question of Mass intentions received a good deal of theological scrutiny in the course of the twentieth century, especially in the work of Maurice de la Taille, Karl Rahner, and Edward Kilmarti...
Optical Vibrational Spectra and Proposed Crystal Structure of ε-UO3

Abstract e-UO3 is an exotic polymorph in the uranium trioxide system with an undetermined crystal structure and limited optical vibrational spectroscopic data. To improve understanding of this compound, we synthesize and investigate the crystal structure and optical vibrational spectra of e-UO3. Infrared spectra collected for e-UO3 are in good agreement with previously published results, and our studies extend the available data into the low-energy (600–100 cm–1) regime. For the first time, Raman spectra are presented for e-UO3 using both 785 and 532 nm excitation wavelengths. Previous reports suggest an impurity phase may be present in e-UO3 produced by calcination of U3O8; however, spectral center-of-mass calculations, principal component analyses, and Raman spectroscopic mapping employed to investigate this possibility indicate that the product of U3O8 calcined in O3(g) in this work is likely phase-pure. A possible novel structure solution for e-UO3 is determined via Rietveld refinement of powder X-ray diffraction data and is triclinic, P-1, with a = 4.01 A, b = 3.85 A, c = 4.18 A, and α = 98.26 °, β = 90.41 °, γ = 120.46 ° (Rwp = 8.30 %). The asymmetric unit of e-UO3 consists of U(VI) in hexagonal bipyramidal coordination with displaced equatorial oxygen. Further analysis reveals that e-UO3 is best described by a 2 × 1 × 2 supercell structure in P-1 with a = 8.03 A, b = 3.86 A, c = 8.37 A with α = 98.26 °, β = 90.41 °, and γ = 120.46 °, although a higher-symmetry structure is possible. Optical vibrational spectroscopic and structural measurements of e-UO3 presented here furthers our understanding of this complex uranium oxide and clarifies the origin of reported structural similarity to U3O8.
Ammonium and glucose amendments stimulate dissolved organic matter mineralization in a Lake Superior tributary

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an integral role in the biogeochemical cycles of aquatic ecosystems, and rates of DOM mineralization can be affected by nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) availability in the water column. To determine if DOM mineralization rates were limited by availability of N or C in a small tributary of Lake Superior, we conducted 28-day laboratory experiments where we amended stream water with a microbial inoculum and ammonium (NH4+) and/or glucose in a full factorial design. We repeated these experiments on four dates (July, October, January, April) because we expected nutrient limitation to vary with temporal changes in sources of DOM and nutrients. DOM mineralization rates were stimulated by additions of NH4+ in three of the four experiments and by glucose in all four experiments, even in October when carbon inputs to the stream via leaf litter were greatest. Mean biodegradable dissolved organic C was greater in July (40.6% ± 5.4) than October (10.2% ± 0.9) or January (9.6% ± 10.9) but did not differ from April (18.4% ± 0.7), which suggests the composition of DOM varies temporally. Our results suggest that biodegradable DOM is exported from this forested stream to nearshore Lake Superior throughout the year, but DOM mineralization can be stimulated by additions of both carbon and nitrogen. Nutrient enrichment may alter in-stream processing of DOM in small forested tributary streams, in turn reducing export of biodegradable DOM to nearshore regions of the Great Lakes where it fuels microbial production.
Communicating Effectively for Interventional Nephrologists

Effective communication is the cornerstone of good medical care. In subspecialties such as interventional nephrology, only the communication between the referring physicians, patients, and other interventional practitioners has been shown to promote satisfaction of all parties and develop increased and repeated referrals. This chapter reviews the point of view of all parties involved and what are the essential points of information that need to be communicated. Using theories and techniques from organizational development research and expertise, this chapter reviews what effective communication is and how to achieve it.
Revisiting cardiovascular regeneration with bone marrow-derived angiogenic and vasculogenic cells

Cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising therapy for cardiovascular disease. Particularly, bone marrow (BM)-derived cells have been most extensively investigated and have shown encouraging results in preclinical studies. Clinical trials, however, have demonstrated split results in post-myocardial infarction cardiac repair. Mechanistically, transdifferentiation of BM-derived cells into cardiovascular tissue demonstrated by earlier studies is now known to play a minor role in functional recovery, and humoral and paracrine effects turned out to be main mechanisms responsible for tissue regeneration and functional recovery. With this advancement in the mechanistic insight of BM-derived cells, new efforts have been made to identify cell population, which can be readily isolated and obtained in sufficient quantity without mobilization and have higher therapeutic potential. Recently, haematopoietic CD31+ cells, which are more prevalent in bone marrow and peripheral blood, have been revealed to have angiogenic and vasculogenic activities and strong potential for therapeutic neovascularization in ischaemic tissues. This article will cover the recent advances in BM-derived cell-based therapy and implication of CD31+ cells. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Regenerative Medicine and Pharmacology: A Look to the Future. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-2
On σ1 well-orderings of the universe

The constructible universe L of Godel [2] has a natural well-ordering L given by the order of construction; a closer look reveals that this well-ordering is definable by a Σ 1 formula. Cohen's method of forcing provides several examples of models of ZF + V ≠ L which have a definable well-ordering but none is definable by a relatively simple formula. Recently, Mansfield [7] has shown that if a set of reals (or hereditarily countable sets) has a Σ 1 , well-ordering then each of its elements is constructible. A question has thus arisen whether one can find a model of ZF + V ≠ L that has a Σ 1 well-ordering of the universe. We answer this question in the affirmative. The main result of this paper is Theorem. There is a model of ZF + V ≠ L which has a Σ 1 well-ordering . The model is a generic extension of L by adjoining a branch through a Suslin tree with certain properties. The branch is a nonconstructible subset of ℵ 1 . Note that by Mansfield's theorem, the model must not have nonconstructible subsets of ω. Our results can be generalized in several directions. We note that in particular, we can get a model with a Σ 1 well-ordering that is not L[X] for any set X . As one might expect from a joint paper by a recursion theorist and a set theorist, the proof consists of a construction and a computation.
Interethnic dating: Reasons for and against

Abstract A study was conducted among Black, Mexican American and Anglo college students to determine the subjective reasons involved in the decision to engage in interethnic dating. Results indicated that reasons for dating someone of another ethnic group were similar to those which are common to intraethnic dating. However, many of the reasons against such dating appeared to be very different. Overall, it appears that reasons for intergroup dating can be best explained normatively while reasons against intergroup dating are best understood structurally.
Financial Management Instruction Within Graduate Theological Institutions: An Empirical Investigation

ABSTRACT This paper reports the results of a study to empirically assess the emphasis on financial management instruction provided by seminaries within the United States. Although seminary educators generally believe that the ministerial staff is responsible for financial management and that financial management skills can be taught through classroom instruction, very few courses on financial management are currently being taught. There is also a reluctance to change current policy to provide financial management instruction. The respondents seem to think that financial management instruction is beyond the scope of their graduate program.
Wittgenstein's Lectures on Religious Belief

In this article, I want to do two things. The first is to conduct a sympathetic yet critical review of some of the salient features of the ideas in the notes that have come to us from Wittgenstein's Lectures on Religious Belief. This requires close reading, analysis and critique. The second, which comes out of the first, is to give some indication of Wittgenstein's failure to apply to his thinking about religious and moral matters some of the insights that he had already achieved as his philosophical thinking progressed.