cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modelling systemic learning of complex events: a case study of forest fires

The purpose of this paper is to understand the learning acquisition and the transmission of experience processes by analysing the dysfunctions and the insufficiencies of forest fire management modes. A systemic model is developed in order to maintain the detailed complexity of the forest fire management system and to have access to the mental models of the managers. A case study methodology in the pragmatic tradition is needed to access the complexity that represents the forest fire management system. A model of the forest fire management system is built. This system is composed of facts that are included in the context and in the traces of the management processes in different "instants". Each instant has general elements of the management process that constitutes the surface of the instant as a holographic representation of the global context. The instant also possesses dynamic data that are present in the "thickness of the instant", representing a trace of the experience for each manager. The model is supported by a computer prototype where the managers can enter a forest fire case themselves. Over time, this will create an organisational memory bank of forest fire cases.
Transcriptional Regulation and Immunity in Mycobacteriophage Bxb1.

Mycobacteriophage Bxb1 is a temperate phage of Mycobacterium smegmatis that shares a similar genome organization to mycobacteriophage L5, although the two phages are heteroimmune. We have investigated the regulatory circuitry of Bxb1 and found that it encodes a repressor, gp69, which regulates at least two promoters, an early lytic promoter, Pleft, and the divergent promoter, Pright. Bxb1 gp69 is 41% identical to the L5 repressor (gp71) and binds to repressor binding sites that conform to a similar, but distinct, 13 bp asymmetric consensus sequence to that for the L5 gp71 binding sites. The two phage repressors have a strong preference for their cognate binding sites, thus accounting for their immunity phenotypes. The Bxb1 genome contains 34 putative repressor binding sites located throughout the genome, but situated within short intergenic spaces and orientated in only one direction relative to the direction of transcription. Comparison with the locations of repressor binding sites within the L5 genome provides insights into how these unusual regulatory systems evolve.
Wind Turbine Wake Measurements in the Operating Region of a Tail Vane

In conjunction with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment (UAE) at NASA Ames, we measured the wake of an upwind 10-meter (m) diameter wind turbine in the typical region of a tail vane. The experiment was performed in a 24.4-by-36.6-m wind tunnel. We placed two sonic anemometers 0.58 rotor diameters downwind of the rotor at hub height. One was positioned nominally behind the nacelle at 9% radius and the second was placed 2-m outboard at 49% radius. The tunnel wind speed was varied from 5 to 25 meters per second (m/s) and the turbine rotor speed was held at 72 revolutions per minute (rpm). We varied yaw from 0{degree} to 60{degree}. The data showed unsteadiness in the wake due to the nacelle wake. Also, the unsteadiness increased with the onset of blade stall. The axial induction factor in the wake showed that the turbine was operating within the windmill brake state of actuator disk momentum theory. Little variation in unsteadiness was shown under yawed conditions. We also discovered that lateral velocity behind the nacelle was negative and would result in an unfurling normal force on a tail vane. The vertical velocity was shown to change sign under yawed conditions, conceivably as a result of the opposing blade root vortex.
A variational level set approach for surface area minimization of triply-periodic surfaces

In this paper, we study triply-periodic surfaces with minimal surface area under a constraint in the volume fraction of the regions (phases) that the surface separates. Using a variational level set method formulation, we present a theoretical characterization of and a numerical algorithm for computing these surfaces. We use our theoretical and computational formulation to study the optimality of the Schwartz primitive (P), Schwartz diamond (D), and Schoen gyroid (G) surfaces when the volume fractions of the two phases are equal and explore the properties of optimal structures when the volume fractions of the two phases are not equal. Due to the computational cost of the fully three-dimensional shape optimization problem, we implement our numerical simulations using a parallel level set method software package.
Toward a doctrine of containment: grid hosting with adaptive resource control

Grid computing environments need secure resource control and predictable service quality in order to be sustainable. We propose a grid hosting model in which independent, self-contained grid deployments run within isolated containers on shared resource provider sites. Sites and hosted grids interact via an underlying resource control plane to manage a dynamic binding of computational resources to containers. We present a prototype grid hosting system, in which a set of independent Globus grids share a network of cluster sites. Each grid instance runs a coordinator that leases and configures cluster resources for its grid on demand. Experiments demonstrate adaptive provisioning of cluster resources and contrast job-level and container-level resource management in the context of two grid application managers.
The Psychobiology of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder

As discussed in Chapter 1 (this volume), DSMIV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) subtypes Conduct Disorder (CD) by age of onset, but biological research has most often relied on the undersocialized aggressive subtype as described in earlier DSMs. It has been assumed that this subtype is most likely to be related to psychobiological factors, especially those that might provide a basis for both disinhibition and reward seeking (Quay, 1993). In current thinking, biological factors are more likely to be linked to a pattern of antisocial behavior that involves (1) early onset, (2) pervasive antisocial behavior over time and different settings, (3) impulsive aggression toward people and property, (4) severe and early onset of alcohol and substance abuse, and (5) a positive family history of antisocial behavior and alcohol or substance abuse (DiLalla & Gottesman, 1989; Dolan, 1994; Linnoila & Virkkunen, 1992; Virkkunen & Linnoila, 1993). It is highly likely that this constellation of behav-iors comprises what most investigators classified as “undersocialized-aggressive” (with or without benefit of formal DSM diagnoses) in earlier studies.
Vision Aid for Power Wheelchair Users

he sitting posture of power wheelchair (WC) users greatly limits heir overall visibility. Without the ability to stand or lean forard, WC users are prevented from peering over most obstacles nd into deep containers. A vision aid to raise or extend forward he line of sight of power WC users would be useful in many daily iving, educational, and occupational activities. The design of the C camera was based on the human factor requirements of a uadriplegic WC user and the results of a detailed House of Qualty. The development of a pulley and belt-driven linkage system ith a digital camera satisfied the top-ranked client and engineerng requirements. Comprehensive engineering analyses were also erformed to study the strength, safety, and failure modes of the C camera mechanism. The WC camera provided a range of iewing positions from the front of the WC at eye level to more han 2 ft in front of the WC user’s knees at waist level. The soluions to expand visibility of WC users have not been adequately ddressed in previous investigations in wheeled mobility. DOI: 10.1115/1.3006347
An Expansion Method for Computing Axisymmetric Sunspot Oscillations

A method is proposed to solve for the linear axisymmetric oscillations of a general, axisymmetric, potential, magnetostatic sunspot equilibrium. The basic approach is to express the solution as a series of terms that are products of a prescribed radial planform times an unknown function of the vertical spatial coordinate and time. If the potential sunspot magnetic field is strictly uniform and aligned with the prevailing gravitational stratification, then a single term in the proposed series solution suffices, and the familiar problem first considered by Ferraro & Plumpton is readily recovered. For less trivial magnetic fields, which possess both vertical and radial gradients, the proposed series solution does not truncate after a finite number of terms, but the equations that determine the unknown functions of the vertical coordinate and time enjoy the advantage of being separable partial differential equations, which can be attacked through the solution of subordinate ordinary differential equations by the method of separation of variables. It is also demonstrated that the proposed series solution encompasses the thin flux tube expansion. Consequently, a rigorous mathematical basis is provided for this popular method employed to describe the dynamics of slender magnetic flux tubes, which proves useful in understanding the intrinsic astrophysical limitations of the approach. Whether this proposed method of solution is also a practical and efficient means to calculate the oscillation modes of axisymmetric sunspot equilibria is not answered here but will be addressed in a forthcoming companion paper.
Anxiety Level as an Indicator of Academic Performance During First Semester of Graduate Work.

This article presents the results of an empirically based research study that examines the use of the trait and state anxiety level of first semester graduate students as a potential indicator of academic performance (N = 63 males and females. The findings reveal that the higher the student's Graduate Record Examination (GRE) score, the greater his chances of achieving a higher grade point average (GPA) at the end of his first semester of graduate work. Moreover, the lower his A-Trait anxiety score at the time of admission, the greater his likelihood of earning a higher first semester GPA.
Performance of a 50 Gbit/s optical time domain multiplexed system using a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer

Bit error rate measurements were performed on a 50 Gbit/s optical time domain multiplexed system which utilized the newly developed terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) device as the front end of a receiver. Bit error rates of less than 10/sup /spl minus/9/ were measured when 800 fj control pulses were used to gate the demultiplexer. These measurements, which were made on a 50 Gbit/s peak line-rate train, also quantified the tolerance of the TOAD to signal-control pulse jitter. >
Online professionalism and the mirror of social media

The rise of social media—content created by Internet users and hosted by popular sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Wikipedia, and blogs—has brought several new hazards for medical professionalism. First, many physicians may find applying principles for medical professionalism to the online environment challenging in certain contexts. Second, physicians may not consider the potential impact of their online content on their patients and the public. Third, a momentary lapse in judgment by an individual physician to create unprofessional content online can reflect poorly on the entire profession. To overcome these challenges, we encourage individual physicians to realize that as they “tread” through the World Wide Web, they leave behind a “footprint” that may have unintended negative consequences for them and for the profession at large. We also recommend that institutions take a proactive approach to engage users of social media in setting consensus-based standards for “online professionalism.” Finally, given that professionalism encompasses more than the avoidance of negative behaviors, we conclude with examples of more positive applications for this technology. Much like a mirror, social media can reflect the best and worst aspects of the content placed before it for all to see.
Clinical Outcomes and Adherence to Guideline Recommendations During the Initial Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Background: Adherence to American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) guidelines for treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been formally assessed in the United States, specifically in the subset of patients with renal impairment. Objective: Evaluate adherence to CHEST VTE treatment guidelines. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with acute VTE between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, for the primary outcome of adherence to CHEST VTE treatment guidelines defined as (1) patients receiving an appropriate parenteral anticoagulant and dose based on renal function and weight, (2) at least 5 days of parenteral anticoagulation during warfarin initiation, and (3) an international normalized ratio (INR) value ≥2 documented before discontinuing parenteral agents. Secondary outcomes included recurrent thromboembolism and major bleeding across renal function categories. Results: Of the 1683 patients included in the final analysis, 1483 (88%) had complete data for all 3 ...
Transient Passages: The Work of Peter Horvath

Peter Horvath produces non-interactive, cinematic Internet art works which explore conditions of agency, mobility, and continuous flow, traversing and arguably collapsing notions of the micro and macro, near and far. The idea that this sense of movement is random is deemed important here and coalesces I argue, with the Situationist International (SI) concept of the derive, ‘a technique of transient passage through varied ambiences’ and an idea closely associated with pyschogeographies. Implied within this process is a ‘drift’ which mediates social, creative and conceptual boundaries between the specific locality of the user, the presence of urban markers within the works and the mapless topography of the medium itself.
Toward a Definition of Recovery of Function

The clinical and research literatures on the effects of brain damage can be very confusing because, all too often, the same word or term is used to define or describe different phenomena. Descriptions of various behavioral outcomes after brain damage lack consistent and precise terminology, and no where is this more apparent than with the use of the term “recovery of function.” Four case studies illustrate the problem.
Values, Attitudes, Opinions, Goals, and Motivation

The “why behind our behavior” is the subject of this chapter. Losses or mistakes loom larger in our minds than wins. Each of us has a value orientation, an internally integrated value system, guiding our goal pursuits and reactions. Cognitive dissonance is a condition of conflict resulting from inconsistency between one’s beliefs, attitudes, ideas or other cognitions and one’s actions (Festinger 1957). Motivation involves movement toward goals or some other desired outcomes. Consumers actively seek quick, high-quality information.
Fifth Street Jewelers: Miller Moran

Miller Moran, an attorney serving pro bono as executor for the estate of a friend's mother, was attempting to sell a 3.5-carat diamond ring whose lineage could be traced back to the Eastern European branch of the family and the Romanovs. An estate liquidator had offered $18,000 for the ring, but Moran believed this was a low-ball offer because Internet searches had suggested numbers in the range of $30,000 to $35,000. The ring had been couriered to Fifth Street Jewelers for Dana Frasier, the owner, to examine prior to their meeting the next morning.
Carbohydrate metabolism studies in women using Brevicon a low-estrogen type of oral contraceptive for one year.

A prospective study of carbohydrate metabolism was done in 12 normal women over 1 year's time while they were using the low-estrogen type of oral contraceptive Brevicon, which contains 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg of norethindrone. The women had a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test before starting the drug and then in 12 months, both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. After 1 year, there was no significant change in weight, blood pressure, or plasma insulin levels. There was a slight decrease in the fasting blood glucose value after 1 year's use (67.5 ± 1.5 versus 63.2 ± 1.3 mg/dl). The other glucose values were unchanged. The importance of these data in terms of mechanisms of action of the steroids on metabolism and the safety of oral contraceptive usage is discussed.
Virtually old

Intergroup threat harms attitudes toward the outgroup, leading to greater levels of prejudice and outgroup derogation (Rothgerber, 1997). Two experiments were conducted to examine (1) if perspective taking mitigates the negative influence of threat on explicit and implicit intergenerational attitudes and, if so, (2) whether this buffering effect would be stronger for participants who embodied an elderly person in an immersive virtual environment (IVE) compared to those who engaged in a traditional perspective taking exercise via mental simulation (MS). When intergroup threat was presented without intergroup contact (Study 1), the negative effect of threat on ageism dissipated when participants engaged in a perspective taking exercise. Differential effects were found depending on the perspective taking medium. However, when participants were exposed to a concrete and experiential intergroup threat (Study 2), neither modality of perspective taking (IVE and MS) buffered negative intergenerational attitudes. The presence and type of threat moderates the effects of perspective taking.The modality of perspective taking influenced its benefits in certain contexts.The benefits of immersive virtual environments vs. imagination are compared.Reading an article describing the elderly as a financial burden increased ageism.Ostracism by elderly virtual humans in a virtual environment increased ageism.
Effective visualization in modeling & simulation

The visualization aspect of modeling and simulation (M&S) is rarely discussed. The primary concerns are typically model design, statistical probabilities, analysis, and verification and validation. However, visualization is an integral part of the M&S process and provides several opportunities to provide insightful information for developers and users alike. In recent years, discussions on data visualization have arisen including what makes an good visualization. In this paper, we provide discussion for what makes a visualization good and whether visualization evaluation techniques are applicable to M&S. We outline a basic taxonomy of M&S visualization and discuss the current state and issues faced by each type. The wider field of data visualization is also discussed to give context for M&S visualization. The paper concludes with a discussion on way forward for evaluating effective M&S visualization.
Now You See It! — Revealing a Rational Theory of Misconceptions Explaining the Disappearing Gap between Experimental Welfare Measures

Recent contributions to the literature [Plott and Zeiler (2005, forthcoming) and Isoni et al (2009)] have questioned the robustness of the well documented WTA/WTP disparity showing that it can be eliminated with experimental procedures. However, a formal mathematical model explaining the role of procedures in the formation of experimentally observed welfare measures is absent in the literature. Extending the work of Pollak (1969) by introducing uncertainty, we are able to provide a model demonstrating how procedures influence welfare elicitation. The product of the theoretical frame is three-fold. The analysis allows (i) a clear differentiation between the role of procedures in “subject misconceptions” and the regularly observed disparity attenuation in repeated auction elicitation mechanisms; (ii) general guidance on the robust design of welfare elicitation experiments; and (iii) a refinement of the testable implications of the rational choice model. We report the results of new experiments to demonstrate the utility of our findings.
Blind inlets: conservation practices to reduce herbicide losses from closed depressional areas

In a 6-year study, we investigated the effectiveness of blind inlets as a conservation practice in reducing pesticide losses compared to tile risers from two closed farmed depressional areas (potholes) in the US Midwest under a 4-year cropping rotation. In two adjacent potholes within the same farm and having similar soils, a conventional tile riser and blind inlet were installed. Each draining practice could be operated independent of each other in order to drain and monitor each depression with either practice. Sampling events (runoff events) were collected from the potholes from 2008 to 2013 using autosamplers. The samples were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and deethylatrazine. The results of this study demonstrated that the blind inlet reduced analyzed pesticide losses; however, the level of reduction was compound dependent: atrazine (57 %), 2,4-D (58 %), metolachlor (53 %), and glyphosate (11 %). Results from this study corroborate previous research findings that blind inlets are an effective conservation practice to reduce discharge and pollutants, including pesticides from farmed pothole surface runoff in the US Midwest.
Realization of image fusion algorithm based on wavelet transform

Image fusion technique has gradually paid more and more attention to its advantage of integration of information from multimages,and its application has been developed in many fields such as medicine,remote sensing,computer vision and other area.Effective and applicable algorithim of image fusion is essential for image fusion.In this paper,a image fusion algorithim based on wavelet transform has been discussed,and also presented how to realize it by programming.The result of image fusion is effective.
In Vivo Study of Immunity to Rotaviruses

Rotaviruses (RVs) are important human pathogens. The murine model of RV infection has been very useful in clarifying the mechanisms that mediate clearance of primary RV infection, and the mechanisms that mediate immunity to reinfection. The use of immunodeficient strains of mice, immunodepletion studies with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and passive transfer of purified cells are three basic, complementary experimental approaches that have been used for this purpose, and are the subject of this chapter. These experimental approaches analyze the outcome of RV infection under artificial conditions; thus, the relevance of the results obtained, to the physiological immune response of immunocompetent mice or humans, is at times difficult to establish. For example, immunodeficient strains of mice frequently develop compensatory immune mechanisms that are potentially absent or nonfunctional in immunocompetent mice. Immunodepletion experiments introduce into the experimental animal high (nonphysiological) levels of antibodies (Abs) that potentially have other immunomodulatory effects different from the desired one, and, many times, depletion strategies fail to completely eliminate the target cell population. Passive cell transfer experiments analyze the antiviral capacity of a specific cell population (many times abnormal in number), independent of other cells with which it may normally interact, and in an environment to which it is at least partially alien. Because of these and other limitations of such experimental approaches, one should be very careful in selecting adequate controls, and cautious in the interpretation of the results, by taking into account results obtained with two or three of the approaches and analysis of the characteristics of the immune response in normal animals. The combination of two or three strategies (for example, passive cell transfer into immunodeficient hosts and immunodepletion of selected cell populations in immunocompetent hosts) have proven particularly useful in the study of immunity to RV.
Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations are increased in pigs fed antimicrobials.

The effect of antimicrobial supplementation on the sera concentrations of IGF-I was determined in crossbred weanling pigs. Pigs were allotted by weight, litter, and sex to either a control diet or a diet supplemented with ASP-250 (22.7 ppm of chlortetracycline, 22.7 ppm of sulfamethazine, and 11.4 ppm of penicillin) for 5 wk. The diets contained 21.8% crude protein and 1.15% lysine. Growth performance data were collected weekly. Insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) analyses were performed on blood samples that were drawn during the final week of the trial. Feeding ASP-250 to young pigs increased their sera IGF-I concentrations by 24.8% (P < .001). A 59% increase in sera IGFBP-3 levels also was observed. The pigs fed ASP-250 had a 26% increase in average daily gain (P < .01), a 6.7% improvement in gain:feed ratio (P < .05), and a 18.5% increase in feed consumption (P < .01) compared with pigs fed the control diet. Increased serum IGF-I concentrations with antimicrobial feeding may be involved in the enhanced growth performance observed.
Percutaneous laser discectomy.

A variety of lasers have been employed to perform the percutaneous laser discectomy procedure, including Nd: YAG and the KTP/532. They all can effect a tract through the annulus and nucleus that is believed to reduce disc pressure under load. Although success rates following laser discectomy range between 70% and 80%, criteria for selecting patients are rather vague. Newer technology employing visualization within the disc vice fiber optics is of questionable benefit.
Promoting Accurate Variability of Social Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Restricted and repetitive behavior is a central feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with such behaviors often resulting in lack of reinforcement in social contexts. The present study investi...
In vitro assessment of long-term reliability of low-cost μΕCoG arrays

Micro-electrocorticographic (μEΟοΟ) electrode arrays provide a minimally invasive, high-resolution neural interface with broad cortical coverage. Previously, we fabricated μECoG arrays at a lower cost than commercially available devices using low-cost industrial processes [1], [2]. Here, we report the in vitro electrical performance of five μECoG designs undergoing an accelerated aging protocol. The impedance and yield of the μECoG arrays were tracked over time. The equivalent lifetime at 37°C depended on the manufacturer and material stack-up, and ranged between 30 and greater than 760 days (ongoing). The main failure modes of these devices were delamination at the site of the electrode contact and broken traces due to metal dissolution. Based on these in vitro results, we offer several recommendations for μECoG designs suitable for chronic implantation.
Poly(ester urea)-Based Adhesives: Improved Deployment and Adhesion by Incorporation of Poly(propylene glycol) Segments

The adhesive nature of mussels arises from the catechol moiety in the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) amino acid, one of the many proteins that contribute to the unique adhesion properties of mussels. Inspired by these properties, many biomimetic adhesives have been developed over the past few years in an attempt to replace adhesives such as fibrin, cyanoacrylate, and epoxy glues. In the present work, we synthesized ethanol soluble but water insoluble catechol functionalized poly(ester urea) random copolymers that help facilitate delivery and adhesion in wet environments. Poly(propylene glycol) units incorporated into the polymer backbone impart ethanol solubility to these polymers, making them clinically relevant. A catechol to cross-linker ratio of 10:1 with a curing time of 4 h exceeded the performance of commercial fibrin glue (4.8 ± 1.4 kPa) with adhesion strength of 10.6 ± 2.1 kPa. These adhesion strengths are significant with the consideration that the adhesion studies were performed under wet co...
Energy coupling efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

The early evidence of a relationship between H2 metabolism and N2 fixation was reviewed by Wilson and Burris in 1947 (31). Phelps and Wilson in 1941 (20) reported the presence of a hydrogenase in the nodules of garden peas (Pisum sativum) that were inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum strain ONA 311. In 1956, however, Shug et al. (27) stated that the experiments with hydrogenase in pea nodules were not reproducible. These early studies were conducted before cell-free nitrogenase preparations had been demonstrated and consequently it was not possible at that time to distinguish between nitrogenase dependent H2 evolution and hydrogenase activity that was not associated with the nitrogenase system. By use of mass spectrometric methods, Hoch et al. in 1957 (15) showed conclusively that soybean nodules evolved H2 and that the H2 evolution process required O2. The extent of H2 evolution decreased as nodules aged and the leghemoglobin began to deterioriate. Hoch, Schneider and Burris in 1960 (16) indicated that H2 evolution from soybean nodules was inhibited by N2 and N2O, but was insensitive to low concentrations of CO.
Early Steroid Withdrawal in Black Transplant Patients: A Selective Process.

Blacks have historically shown inferior outcomes after kidney transplantation, with more acute rejection (AR) and shorter allograft survival compared with nonblacks ([1][1],[2][2]). Reasons for inferior survival have been well delineated and include socioeconomic factors ([3][3]), delays in
Reframing the Self(ie)

Based on developmental psychology, youth ministry has often regarded the adolescent self in terms of a search for identity. The selfie demonstrates this psychosocial attempt to discover one’s self and receive affirmation for it. While developmental theory is helpful and relevant for youth ministry, theology offers a more desirable foundation on which to build youth ministry practices. Thomas Merton’s theological understanding of the self addresses this dilemma, whereby the self finds the adolescent. This perspective can help us reframe youth ministry’s assumptions based on developmental psychology, which regard the adolescent’s task as self-discovery. As James Loder describes, the inner self emerges through God’s transformation. This is an issue of reordering of theology and psychology. For adolescents to position themselves to receive this inner transformation, Christian ministry with young people can effectively facilitate a posture of prayer whereby God can affect the transformation of the deepest sense of the self.
Intrinsic and emergent anomalies at deconfined critical points

It is well known that theorems of Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type prohibit the existence of a trivial symmetric gapped ground state in certain systems possessing a combination of internal and lattice symmetries. In the continuum description of such systems, the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem is manifested in the form of a quantum anomaly afflicting the symmetry. We demonstrate this phenomenon in the context of the deconfined critical point between a Neel state and a valence bond solid in an $S=1/2$ square lattice antiferromagnet and compare it to the case of $S=1/2$ honeycomb lattice where no anomaly is present. We also point out that new anomalies, unrelated to the microscopic Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem, can emerge, prohibiting the existence of a trivial gapped state in the immediate vicinity of critical points or phases. For instance, no translationally invariant weak perturbation of the $S=1/2$ gapless spin chain can open up a trivial gap even if the spin-rotation symmetry is explicitly broken. The same result holds for the $S=1/2$ deconfined critical point on a square lattice.
Modeling and Experimental Validation of Large Scale Fluorescence Sensor Networks

Fluorescence microscopy is by far the dominant assay used to measure molecular scale interactions in a wide range of disciplines including biochemistry, biophysics, bioengineering, biomedical imaging and clinical diagnostics. However, the technique can probe only a small number of molecular interactions with previous attempts at detecting more than 11 fluorophores simultaneously resulting in barcodes that are too big for in vivo analysis, expensive and involve time-consuming detection schemes. Here, we create DNA self-assembled Resonance Energy Transfer networks that generate a unique time-resolved fluorescence signature when probed by a series of light pulses. An experimentally informed theoretical model predicts that networks containing up to 125 fluorophores may be distinguished from other extremely similar networks. Through the largest experimental survey of RET networks, we demonstrate that minor changes made to the RET network result in a unique, experimentally resolvable optical signature. We show that we can generate over 300 unique signatures using only 3 fluorophores. Furthermore, from 1296 time-resolved fluorescence signatures, we show that the optical signatures are reproducible 99.48% of the time. The ability to simultaneously detect multiple biological entities, the high spatial information density and the high repeatability of the synthetic RET networks will potentially find use in many biological and clinical applications.
The Development of a Ramp Metering Strategy Based on Artificial Neural Networks

A microscopic simulation model, representing traffic behaviour in the vicinity of merges on motorways, was applied to produce a set of data representing traffic patterns in the merge area, ramp metering rates, and the corresponding vehicle journey times. The data were used to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, which anticipates the average journey time of mainline vehicles that enter an upstream section during a 30s interval.
Cooperation Between Underwater Vehicles

The underwater environment intensifies difficulties inherent in cooperation between autonomous vehicles by dramatically reducing their ability to communicate with each other. Lack of communication drives the need for decentralized control which in turn requires a shared view of the tasks and their status as the mission progresses. Decision-making, especially task allocation, requires low-bandwidth mechanisms for negotiation and achieving consensus. Strategies to obtain this low-bandwidth decision-making and control rely on both the availability of significant a priori information about the mission and tasks and careful design of the system.
Social media dialogues in a crisis: A mixed-methods approach to identifying publics on social media

Abstract Despite the promise of social media to engender dialogue, the common approach to studying social media may prioritize monologue, whereby research considers the strategies organizations use in targeting publics, particularly in a crisis. This study uses a mixed-method approach to analyze dialogue in a crisis—semantic network analysis and content analysis. Specifically, this study examines the emotional expression and crisis coping behaviors on social media during two separate terror attacks: the Paris terror attacks in 2015 and the Barcelona terror attacks in 2017. Results demonstrate how publics may be identified and understood through semantic network analysis and content analysis. This study also shows the connection between emotions and coping, expanding the crisis communication literature in public relations, and suggests the need to consider agenda-setting and resilience in crisis communication research. Finally, we discuss this study’s implications for assuming a dialogic orientation in public relations.
Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab vs. ipilimumab/nivolumab vs. trifluridine/tipiracil or mFOLFOX6/cetuximab for microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer.

e15134Background: We use a decision analytic model to project the effectiveness and cost burden of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal can...
Analysis of Parkinson’s Disease Data

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the diagnostic data from patients suffering with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and design classification/prediction model to simplify the diagnosis. The main aim of this research is to open possibilities to be able to apply deep learning algorithms to help better understand and diagnose the disease. To our knowledge, the capabilities of deep learning algorithms have not yet been completely utilized in the field of Parkinson’s research and we believe that by having an in-depth understanding of data, we can create a platform to apply different algorithms to automate the Parkinson’s Disease diagnosis to certain extent. We use Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset provided by Michael J. Fox Foundation to perform our analysis.
Post-Magic: The Female Naxalite at 50 in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and Neel Mukherjee’s A State of Freedom

In Gender and Radical Politics in India: Magic Moments of Naxalbari (2010. New Jersey: Routledge), Mallarika Sinha Roy takes her title from an interview with a former Naxalite woman in which the in...
Perspectives on Operations Strategy and Economics

Economics provides a foundation for scientists and managers to understand business strategy. This paper shows how economics can aid teaching of operations strategy. A definition of operations strategy is offered along with some examples of operations papers that use economic ideas to illuminate strategy. I present detailed descriptions of several strategic topics that I teach to MBAs. Examples include: the interaction of plant location and pricing policy, designing service networks, capital budgeting for major operations investments, operations organization, and time based competition.
"It's not something you talk about really": information barriers encountered by women who travel long distances for abortion care.

Abstract Objective For individuals traveling significant distances for time-sensitive abortion care, accurate information about service options and locations is critical, but little is known regarding information barriers that individuals may encounter and strategies for circumventing these barriers. Study design In early 2015, we conducted in-depth interviews with 29 patients who had traveled for abortion care at six facilities in Michigan and New Mexico. We identified information-related barriers that respondents encountered in understanding their pregnancy options and/or where to obtain an abortion between the time of pregnancy discovery, including any contact with a crisis pregnancy center, to the day of the abortion procedure through inductive and deductive analysis. Results We identified two logistical information-related barriers — a general lack of reproductive-related knowledge and unhelpfulness on the part of perceived members of the healthcare community — and one broader barrier of perceived stigma within respondents' narratives. Of the seven respondents who did not encounter a logistical information-related barrier, having previous personal or close experience with abortion and internet savviness were both identified as strategies enabling them to circumvent the barriers. Conclusion Lack of clear, easy-to-find and accurate information about abortion services and availability represents a key barrier to obtaining an abortion; health care providers play a crucial role in ensuring pregnant patients' right to informed consent within reproductive health care delivery. Implications Women's health care providers should provide their patients with the full spectrum of resources and referrals for pregnancy and abortion care; recent federal guidelines proposing to restrict abortion counseling and referral at Title X-funded facilities would only exacerbate the current challenges that pregnant patients encounter when seeking abortion-related information and further decrease linkages to timely, desired abortion care.
Genetics and molecular biology of Neurospora crassa.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the recent advances made in genetics and molecular biology as a result of studies carried out in Neurospora crassa, a filamentous fungus. Three reviews that appeared in recent years describe the current data on transformation in fungi. However, no attempt is made until now to review at any length this area of Neurospora molecular biology. Neurospora is an ideal organism for studies in genetics and molecular biology. The chapter tabulates the relative complexity of the Neurospora genome. Neurospora possesses a spectrum of nuclear, mitochondrial, and plasmid genetic systems that are amenable to analyses by various molecular biology methods. Neurospora is also capable of heterokaryon formation, a trait that renders the determination of the dominance and recessiveness of alleles easy. It is obvious that further investigation of all aspects of the molecular biology of Neurospora as discussed in the chapter can provide new insights into the intricacies of nature and the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of extra genes.
Comparative Effectiveness of Lymphadenectomy Strategies During Curative Resection for Gastric Adenocarcinoma

The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effectiveness of three lymphadenectomy strategies in patients with gastric cancer. We hypothesized that, compared with the traditional standard (D2) lymph node dissection strategy, the less aggressive modified standard (mD2) lymphadenectomy may offer superior effectiveness due to reduced operative morbidity and comparable long-term recurrence-free survival. A Markov decision analysis model was created to simulate 5-year outcomes across three lymphadenectomy approaches for gastric cancer: limited regional (D1), traditional standard (D2), and modified standard (mD2). The primary outcome was discounted quality-adjusted life-years (dQALY). Model variable estimates were derived from outcomes data and quality of life estimates published in Europe and America within the last 15 years. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed for clinically relevant variables. The mD2 lymphadenectomy offered 3.03 dQALY over 5 years, outperforming D2 (2.62 dQALY) and D1 (2.37 dQALY). Monte Carlo simulations indicated that both mD2 and D2 lymph node dissection strategies outperformed D1 in 94.9% of simulations. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the mD2 approach would be less effective than D2 if the perioperative mortality rate of mD2 was greater than 6.9% (3.2% baseline). Across modern series, the modified standard mD2 lymphadenectomy is an effective alternative to the traditional D2 lymphadenectomy for patients with gastric cancer. A D1-limited regional lymphadenectomy is not recommended during gastric cancer resection.
Transgressive learning communities: Transformative spaces for underprivileged, underserved, and historically underrepresented graduate students at their institutions

In this article, we propose a new vision of educational development that reimagines how graduate instructors are socialized and professionalized in academic settings. We describe a transgressive learning community that empowers graduate instructors with tools to reveal, mitigate, and disrupt oppressive structures in higher education. Our learning community is founded on critical race and feminist conceptualizations of pedagogical inquiry in its design, implementation, and assessment to serve underprivileged, underserved, and historically underrepresented graduate students. We argue that the intersections of marginalized and graduate student identities create distinct experiences of discrimination, marginalization, tokenism, isolation, and impostor syndrome due to a lack of sustained teaching mentorship within the academy. The transgressive learning community model that we propose in this article functions to create spaces of transgressive and transformational pedagogical engagement for graduate students who exist at the intersections of these identities.
Role of Wearable Technology in the Sleep-Heart Practice—a Conceptual Approach

Commercially available wearable activity and sleep trackers (WAST) have grown in popularity with continuously expanded sensors and algorithm upgrades that purport to measure various biological functions including sleep, blood pressure, physical activity, energy expenditure, pulse rate, and even the electrocardiogram (EKG). The wide acceptance of these devices presents a unique opportunity for health care providers to improve care delivery. Recent practice guidelines and studies have attempted to define the role of these consumer-based devices in the practice of sleep medicine. As manufacturers of these devices expand their scope and improve their sensor technology, novel applications and concepts continue to emerge. These applications include better monitoring of health status, impact of medical interventions, and adherence to interventions over prolonged periods of treatment. As more patients become consumers of this technology and engaged in their own health monitoring, these devices will place an added burden on the medical community to incorporate the data safely and effectively into clinical practice and decision-making. In this review, we provide a conceptual approach to incorporating these devices into the practice of sleep medicine as it applies to patients with cardiovascular disease. We will incorporate our unique clinical perspective in the OSU Sleep Heart Program, a comprehensive management program of patients with advanced cardiovascular diseases. We will use a broad conceptual approach recognizing that the available data on the commercial devices suffer from the limited number of studies and the continuously developing algorithms and applications.
The conditional association of problematic drinking with suicidal ideation by alcohol expectancies.

Abstract Purpose Theory has identified alcohol expectancies as a facilitating factor in the association between problematic drinking and suicidal ideation. In the first test of this question, we explored whether the impact of problematic drinking on suicidal ideation depended on alcohol expectancies. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional, observational, survey data from a convenience sample of 444 individuals court-ordered to domestic violence intervention programs (69.5% non-Hispanic White; 78.6% Male-identified; Mage = 32.53, SDage = 10.10). Results Parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure of the Effects of Drinking Alcohol Scale, including alcohol expectancies related to 1) disinhibition and negative mood, 2) positive mood, and 3) physical and cognitive effects. Multiple linear regression employing bootstrapping procedures tested the moderating effects of these expectancies on the association between problematic drinking and suicidal ideation, while controlling for gender and depressive symptoms. Problematic drinking was negatively associated with suicidal ideation at low levels of disinhibition and negative mood expectancies, and this association became more positive as these expectancies increased. Problematic drinking was negatively associated with suicidal ideation at high levels of positive mood and became more positive as these expectancies decreased. Discussion These preliminary findings suggest that expectancies related to the mood-altering and disinhibiting effects of alcohol may play a role in whether problematic drinking facilitates suicidal thinking. Future intensive longitudinal designs are needed to test whether this moderation is replicated during periods of acute alcohol intoxication and when other psychiatric symptoms are controlled.