cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Everything else comes first”: a mixed-methods analysis of barriers to health behaviors among military spouses

Military spouses are integral to the health of their families, but have demonstrated elevated levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. Participating in health behaviors such as physical activity and healthy eating may have a positive impact on spouses’ physical and mental health, but emerging evidence suggests spouses’ participation in these behaviors is scarce. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the most frequently reported barriers to health behaviors among military spouses. Military spouses were recruited to complete surveys (N = 230) or participate in focus group sessions (N = 22). On the surveys, participants indicated up to 3 of their most frequent barriers to physical activity, diet, social connection, and stress management. Responses were coded and summed to identify the most commonly reported barriers to each health behavior. Subsequently, focus group sessions were conducted to gain a more in-depth understanding of the challenges military spouses face when trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Focus group transcripts were coded using thematic data analysis to identify the most frequently discussed barriers for each behavior. On the surveys, lack of time was the most prevalent barrier for physical activity, social connection, and stress management, and the second most prevalent barrier for diet. Financial concerns were the most prevalent barrier to maintaining a healthy diet. Barriers related to parent/family responsibilities were commonly reported across all health behaviors. During the focus group sessions, the transient military lifestyle was reported to have a significant impact on all of the health behaviors. Other military-related stressors including deployments and the necessity to “do it all” alone were frequently discussed. Many participants exhibited rigid definitions of what “counts” as exercise or health eating. Overall, participants reported sacrificing participation in health behaviors to attend to other priorities. Military spouses reported numerous barriers to health behaviors that made it difficult for them to prioritize their own health and well-being. Although some of the barriers reported were similar to barriers reported by civilians, unique stressors associated with military life further impeded participation in health behaviors. These findings can be used to inform future health promotion interventions for military spouses.
How to survive a crisis: reclaiming philosophy as a public practice

Philosophy is often understood as an isolated discipline in higher education, as a form of study removed from the concerns of everyday life and the majority of the public. Although philosophy is, in one sense, a professional discipline in higher education, this conception is limiting and severely underdetermines possibilities for philosophy as a public practice. As a public practice, philosophy and those who practice it can engage with pressing problems and collaborate with stakeholders beyond the academy toward the end of improving our communities. Practicing and supporting philosophy as a public practice is important both for our communities and, ultimately, for greater understanding and appreciation of professional philosophy. Doing so, however, requires significant changes in conceptions of legitimate philosophical practice and, in turn, systems of evaluation and support for publicly engaged philosophers in our institutions and departments.
Seasonal Forecasting of Wind and Waves in the North Atlantic Using a Grand Multimodel Ensemble

AbstractThis study assesses the skill of multimodel forecasts of 10-m wind speed, significant wave height, and mean wave period in the North Atlantic for the winter months. The 10-m winds from four...
Electrode Placement for Calf Bioimpedance Measurements During Hemodialysis

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a chronic medical condition that causes reduced exercise tolerance, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in the lungs, legs, and abdomen. Monitoring patient fluid status using non-invasive techniques such as bioimpedance may help reduce CHF related read- mission rates. Bioimpedance measurements were performed in a controlled environment (hemodialysis) at two locations on the calf (side and back) to determine ideal electrode placement for monitoring changes in fluid status. Changes in calf bioimpedance were heterogeneous. Three out of seven patients had higher changes at the back of the calf compared with the side of the calf for the bioimpedance parameter $R_{0}$ (the resistance measured at low frequency that is related to extracellular water). These data suggest there are differences in resistivity within the calf. Simulations showed that the use of point electrodes weights tissue nearest the electrodes more heavily, but that this dependence can be eliminated through the use of ring electrodes, effectively averaging resistivity around the calf.
Long-term environmental impacts of a small-scale spectral filtering concentrated photovoltaic-thermal system

Abstract Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the range and implementation of solar energy conversion systems, with the goal of reducing fossil fuel dependence. One example is a concentrated photovoltaic-thermal (CPV-T) system that uses nanofluid-based optical filters, which can generate electricity and absorb heat from sunlight. Although spectral filtering CPV-T systems have been explored in the literature for power generation, they have not been investigated for domestic applications. In this work, dynamic simulations of a small-scale spectral filtering CPV-T system under the climatic conditions of Tucson, Arizona, are performed. The long-term simulations indicate that the proposed CPV-T system can offset a total of 1.317 tons of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) per year per household. If implemented in 10% of the households in the U.S., the total offset by the proposed system would be equivalent to the greenhouse gas emissions from 3.19 million passenger vehicles per year.
Low ferroportin expression in AML is correlated with good risk cytogenetics, improved outcomes and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy.

Abstract Iron metabolism is altered in a variety of cancers; however, little is known about the role of iron metabolism in the biology and response to therapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we show that SLC40A1, the gene encoding the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN), is variably expressed among primary AMLs and that low levels are associated with good prognosis and improved outcomes. In particular, core binding factor (CBF) AMLs, which are associated with good outcomes with chemotherapy, consistently have low level of SLC40A1 expression. AML cell lines that expressed relatively low levels of FPN endogenously, or were engineered via gene knockdown, had an increased sensitivity to chemotherapy relative to controls expressing high levels of FPN. Primary FPNlow AML bulk cells also had increased sensitivity to Ara-C treatment, iron treatment and the combination of Ara-C and iron relative to FPNhigh cells. FPNlow leukemic stem cells (LSCs) had decreased viability following addition of iron alone and in combination with Ara-C treatment relative to FPNhigh LSCs. Together these observations suggest a model where FPN mediated iron metabolism may play a role in chemosensitivity and outcome to therapy in AML.
Rule 68, the Modified British Rule, and Civil Litigation Reform

This paper examines the incentive effects of the Attorney Accountability Act, passed by the United States House of Representatives in February 1995.
Visual knitting machine programming

Industrial knitting machines are commonly used to manufacture complicated shapes from yarns; however, designing patterns for these machines requires extensive training. We present the first general visual programming interface for creating 3D objects with complex surface finishes on industrial knitting machines. At the core of our interface is a new, augmented, version of the stitch mesh data structure. The augmented stitch mesh stores low-level knitting operations per-face and encodes the dependencies between faces using directed edge labels. Our system can generate knittable augmented stitch meshes from 3D models, allows users to edit these meshes in a way that preserves their knittability, and can schedule the execution order and location of each face for production on a knitting machine. Our system is general, in that its knittability-preserving editing operations are sufficient to transform between any two machine-knittable stitch patterns with the same orientation on the same surface. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of our pipeline by using it to create and knit objects featuring a wide range of patterns and textures, including intarsia and Fair Isle colorwork; knit and purl textures; cable patterns; and laces.
Prostate Cancer in US Latinos: What Have We Learned and Where Should We Focus Our Attention

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer diagnosis among Latino men, with more than 13,000 diagnosed cases per year in the United States. Overall, PCa incidence among Latino men is lower than that among non-Latino Whites or Blacks, and disparities in incidence have been reported within Latino subpopulations, with Mexican Latinos having lower incidence than Caribbean Latinos. The determinants of these observed disparities remain to be identified and could result from the interplay between differences in genetic ancestry, environmental exposures, and attitudes toward screening and care, or a consequence of lack of identification of all Latino patients with PCa. Most PCa diagnoses are triggered by screening with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and Latinos show lower rates of PSA cancer screening; thus, current reported rates among Latinos might be underestimated. Latinos show a higher proportion of cases diagnosed with advanced stages, along with other adverse characteristics. Disparities have been reported for clinical characteristics and survival patterns between foreign- and US-born Latinos, different socioeconomic status, and Latino subpopulations defined by country of origin. Given that PCa is the number one cancer that affects Latino men and the number four killer, it is imperative to reduce the gap of knowledge about cancer determinants and outcomes among Latinos, taking into consideration sources of heterogeneity within this population. This study reviews current knowledge on prostate cancer in Latinos and highlights important gaps of knowledge that deserve further study.
Student engagement, assessed using heart rate, shows no reset following active learning sessions in lectures

Heart rate can be used as a measure of cognitive engagement. We measured average student heart rates during medical school lecture classes using wristwatch-style monitors. Analysis of 42 classes showed a steady decline in heart rate from the beginning to end of a lecture class. Active learning sessions (peer-discussion based problem solving) resulted in a significant uptick in heart rate, but this returned to the average level immediately following the active learning period. This is the first statistically robust assessment of changes in heart rate during the course of college lecture classes and indicates that personal heart rate monitors may be useful tools for assessment of different teaching modalities. The key findings suggest that the value of active learning within the classroom resides in the activity itself and not in an increase in engagement or reset in attention during the didactic period following an active learning session.
The Effects of Inmate Medical Issues on Correctional Staff Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment.

In the United States, institutional corrections is a major undertaking that requires substantial financial resources. Correctional staff are the essential element to ensuring the safety and securit...
Preoperative Functional Status Predicts Increased Morbidity Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION Dependent functional status (DEP) has been associated with higher postoperative adverse events and mortality compared to patients with independent functional status (IND). However, the association between preoperative functional status and perioperative outcomes after primary TKA has not been well reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate this association. Specifically, we asked: 1) does preoperative functional status impact perioperative outcomes following primary TKA, and 2) is DEP functional status prior to primary TKA an independent risk factor for 30-day complications?
An Experimental Method to Measure Gaseous Diffusivity in Tight and Partially Saturated Porous Media via Continuously Monitored Mass Spectrometry

Detection of radioxenon and radioargon produced by underground nuclear explosions is one of the primary methods by which the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test–Ban Treaty (CTBT) monitors for nuclear activities. However, transport of these noble gases to the surface via barometric pumping is a complex process relying on advective and diffusive processes in a fractured porous medium to bring detectable levels to the surface. To better understand this process, experimental measurements of noble gas and chemical surrogate diffusivity in relevant lithologies are necessary. However, measurement of noble gas diffusivity in tight or partially saturated porous media is challenging due to the transparent nature of noble gases, the lengthy diffusion times, and difficulty maintaining consistent water saturation. Here, the quasi-steady-state Ney–Armistead method is modified to accommodate continuous gas sampling via effusive flow to a mass spectrometer. An analytical solution accounting for the cumulative sampling losses and induced advective flow is then derived. Experimental results appear in good agreement with the proposed theory, suggesting the presence of retained groundwater reduces the effective diffusivity of the gas tracers by 10–1000 times. Furthermore, by using a mass spectrometer, the method described herein is applicable to a broad range of gas species and porous media.
Exact results on O(α) corrections to the single hard bremsstrahlung process in low angle Bhabha scattering in the SLC/LEP energy regime

Abstract We present the exact O(α) correction to the process e+e− → e+e− + γ in the low angle luminosity regime at SLC/LEP energies. We give explicit formulas for the completely differential cross section. As an important application, we illustrate the size of the respective corrections of O (α2) to the SLC/LEP luminosity cross section. We show explicitly that our results have the correct infrared limit, as a cross-check. Some comments are made about the implementation of our results in the framework of a Monte Carlo event generator. This latter implementation will appear elsewhere.
Hydra, as a Rosetta stone for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of modern day regenerative medicine

A growing and important category of modern medicine is the field of regenerative medicine because through it exists the potential for organ replacement and improved tissue repair procedures The challenges to regenerative medicine are many because of the complexity of the regenerative process One approach to deciphering the mechanisms underlying regeneration is analysis of more simplified tissue systems that mimic that seen among all metazoans To that end many laboratories across the world have focused on organisms such as Hydra phylum Cnidaria and class Hydrozoa because its body wall is reduced to an epithelial bilayer with an intervening extracellular matrix ECM That fact coupled with its high regenerative capacity complete body form regeneration from pellets of dissociated epithelial cells isolated from the adult polyp makes Hydra a powerful tool to investigate the underlying mechanisms of regeneration Over the years it has become apparent that Hydra and higher vertebrates such as human share a common quot developmental tool kit quot that is used in their regenerative processes This review will discuss the cell cell and cell ECM processes as well as advances in genomic and transcriptome studies that highlight key aspects of hydra regeneration that can be transferred to the field of regenerative medicine In this regard it can be concluded that understanding of basic regenerative mechanisms of Hydra can be applied and used to advance the field of regenerative medicine
Daily Labor Supply and Adaptive Reference Points

This paper provides field evidence on how reference points adjust, a degree of freedom in reference-dependence models. Examining this in the context of cabdrivers' daily labor-supply behavior, we ask how the within-day timing of earnings affects decisions. Drivers work less in response to higher accumulated income, with a strong effect for recent earnings that gradually diminishes for earlier earnings. We estimate a structural model in which drivers work toward a reference point that adjusts to deviations from expected earnings with a lag. This dynamic view of reference dependence reconciles conflicting "neoclassical" and "behavioral" interpretations of evidence on daily labor-supply decisions.
MRI Techniques for the Identification of Neuronal Migration Disorders: Practical Considerations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for the identification of neuronal migration disorders. MR's inherent advantages of strong soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities make it particularly well suited for the identification and characterization of structural abnormalities in the patients with epilepsy. In epilepsy examinations, a complete set of sagittal images is often helpful in identifying surface landmarks, which, in many cases, are more readily distinguished in this orientation than in the other orthogonal planes. The constraints imposed by pulse sequence structure lead many imaging sites to utilize parameters that create exceedingly heavily T2-weighted images that ultimately suppress the contrast. The imaging plane can be selected that best demonstrates a structural lesion based on a priori knowledge of the lesion's location. The parasagittal images are particularly helpful for identifying individual gyri and sulci about the sylvian fissures and along the interhemispheric fissure. It is found that coronal images are useful for identifying surface landmarks throughout the brain. When cortical developmental abnormalities are isointense to adjacent normal tissue, the only visual clue to their presence is the morphologic abnormality.
High-speed measurement of rifle primer blast waves

This article describes a method and results for direct high-speed measurements of rifle primer blast waves employing a high-speed pressure transducer located at the muzzle to record the blast pressure wave produced by primer ignition. Our key findings are: 1) Most of the primer models tested show 5-12% standard deviation in the magnitudes of their peak pressure. 2) For most primer types tested, peak pressure magnitudes are well correlated with measured primer masses so that significant reductions in standard deviation are expected to result from sorting primers by mass. 3) A range of peak pressures from below 200 psi to above 500 psi is available in different primer types.
Manipulation of Förster energy transfer of coupled fluorophores through biotransformation by Pseudomonas resinovorans CA10.

An alkyne-terminated anthracene and azide-terminated carbazole were joined through a copper-catalyzed cycloaddition to form a joined donor/acceptor pair. The photonic pair exhibited energy transfer when excited at the peak absorbance of carbazole and fluoresced with an anthracene spectral response. The fluorescent behavior was confirmed as Forster energy transfer (FRET). The lysate of Pseudomonas resinovorans CA10, a member of a predominant group of soil microorganisms that can metabolize a host of substrates, was employed to degrade the pair and alter the luminance spectral characteristics. The FRET was diminished and the corresponding, individual fluorescence of carbazole and anthracene returned. This general approach may find applications in single-cell metabolic studies and bioactivity assays.
Effects of Maternal Exposure to Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles During Pregnancy on Maternal and Offspring Kidney Injury Markers Using a Murine Model

Nanoparticles (NP) are pervasive in many areas of modern life, with little known about their potential toxicities. One commercially important NP is cadmium oxide (CdO), which is used to synthesize other Cd-containing NP, such as quantum dots. Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known nephrotoxicant, but the nephrotoxic potential of CdO NP remains unknown, particularly when exposure occurs during pregnancy. Therefore, pregnant CD-1 mice were used to examine the effects of inhaled CdO NP (230 μg CdO NP/m(3)) on maternal and neonatal renal function by examining urinary creatinine and urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, including kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Inhalation of CdO NP by dams produced a fivefold increase in urinary Kim-1 with no marked effect on urinary creatinine levels. Kim-1 mRNA expression peaked by gestational day (GD) 10.5, and NGAL expression increased from GD 10.5 to 17.5. In addition, histological analyses revealed proximal tubular pathology at GD 10.5. Neonatal Kim-1 mRNA expression rose between postnatal days (PND) 7 and 14, with mammary glands/milk being the apparent source of Cd for offspring. These studies demonstrate that, similar to what is seen with other Cd forms, Cd associated with inhaled CdO NP results in renal injury to both directly exposed dam and offspring. As commercial uses for nanotechnology continue to expand throughout the world, risks for unintentional exposure in the workplace increase. Given the large number of women in the industrial workforce, care needs to be taken to protect these already vulnerable populations.
Design and analysis of the Prometheus wetted wall IFE reactor cavity

The design and engineering of a wetted wall cavity are in progress at UCLA as a part of an inertial fusion energy (IFE) reactor study led by McDonnell Douglas. The authors outline the design methodology, analyze the thermal, mechanical, nuclear and energy conversion attributes of the cavity, and present possible solutions to outstanding problems. The choice of a wetted wall cavity was made following an assessment of previous IFE cavity designs and evaluation of a number of key design goals, including: safety and environmental attractiveness, reliability, ease of maintenance, high thermal cycle efficiency, and long component lifetime. Design of the present wetted wall concept considers several important issues, including: (1) limits on cavity clearing time due to the requirement to conduct heat out radially; (2) film flow uniformity, wetting, and drainage; and (3) mechanical response of the first wall system. >
The Online Educator: A Guide to Creating the Virtual Classroom

From the Publisher: The book provides much needed straightforward advice on how to create a web-base education system. From administrative planning and selecting resources to individual course development, it offers clear, novice-friendly information on the entire process of online learning.
CCD uvbyHβ Photometry in Clusters. II. The Nearest Globular Cluster, NGC 6397

CCD photometry extending below the turnoff of the globular cluster NGC 6397 on the uvbyHβ system is presented and analyzed. Restricting the sample to stars with small photometric errors and highly probable cluster membership, the reddening from approximately 1500 stars at the turnoff is E(b-y) = 0.127 ± 0.002 (standard error of the mean), equivalent to E(B-V) = 0.179 ± 0.003. The photometric abundance for the same sample, on the revised spectroscopic scale for globular clusters, is [Fe/H] = -1.82 ± 0.04 (standard error of the mean). From 220 cluster red giants, well-defined relations are established for m1 and c1 as a function of b-y. The reddening from the giants is systematically smaller than found for the turnoff stars, while the m1-based metallicity ranges from [Fe/H] = -2.4 for the bluest stars to greater than -1.7 for the reddest. In conjunction with previous results for ω Cen, M22, M55, and M13, it is concluded that the globular cluster red giants do not follow the same c1 versus b-y and m1 versus b-y relations as the field giants, even if the cluster sample is restricted to CN-weak giants. Comparison of the cluster turnoff stars with field dwarfs of comparable [Fe/H] in the c1 versus b-y diagram implies that, within the uncertainties, there is no difference in age between the two samples. From a handful of field dwarfs with comparable [Fe/H] and accurate parallaxes, the modulus of NGC 6397, (V - MV)0, is calculated to be 12.15. Comparison with isochrones of the appropriate [Fe/H] with [α/H] = +0.3 results in an age of 12.0 ± 0.8 Gyr. The ultraviolet color-magnitude diagram of the cluster is examined and compared with earlier work.
Gentamicin Blood Agar Used as a General-Purpose Selective Medium

The potential value of a blood agar medium containing a final concentration of 5.5 mug of gentamicin per ml was assessed in a diagnostic laboratory over an 8-week period. The medium gave increased isolation rates of beta-hemolytic streptococci, other streptococci, Bacteroides, clostridia, and yeasts. It also proved valuable in detecting gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli when these were present in heavy mixed culture.
Evaluation of annexin V as a platelet-directed thrombus targeting agent

Annexin V is a human phospholipid binding protein (M(r) 36,000) that binds with high affinity to activated platelets in vitro. We studied the biodistribution and thrombus binding of annexin V in rabbit and swine models of fully occlusive arterial thrombi formed 1-2 h prior to injection of annexin V. Iodinated annexin V was cleared from blood in a rapid early phase (t1/2 = 6.4 min, 76% of radioactivity) and a slower late phase (t1/2 = 71 min, 24% of radioactivity). Organ uptake was highest in the kidney and spleen and lowest in heart and skeletal muscle. Thrombus/blood uptake ratios were (mean +/- SEM): 6.39 +/- 1.80 for rabbit iliac artery, 6.97 +/- 1.45 for swine carotid artery, and 7.68 +/- 1.70 for swine femoral artery (all p values < 0.01 versus control artery); a control protein, ovalbumin, showed an uptake ratio of 0.59 +/- 0.08 in swine femoral artery thrombi. These results indicate that annexin V is useful as an agent for selective targeting of platelet-containing thrombi.
Effects of radiotherapy fractionation on breast stromal activity

We study the dynamics of tumor cell progression as growth factors and ionizing radiation (IR) combine to modify cellular microenvironments. Breast tumor growth depends on the behavior of cancer cells in their microenvironment, and both components are affected by IR fractionation parameters. TGF-β1 promotes differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which stiffens the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promotes malignant cell phenotypes. IR generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damages and inactivates cells thus controlling proliferation. The effects of TGF-β1 and IR at various fraction sizes on ECM stiffness and fibroblast differenation are studied using MRC-5 fibroblasts in 3-D collagen cultures.
Induction of cytochrome P-4502E1 in the human liver by ethanol is caused by a corresponding increase in encoding messenger RNA

The propensity of centrilobular liver damage to develop in alcohol abusers after exposure to various hepatotoxins, including ethanol itself, has been linked to the induction by ethanol of P-4502E1, a microsomal P-450 enzyme that bioactivates these agents to reactive metabolites. Whereas long-term ethanol consumption elicits a marked increase in hepatic P-4502E1 content, the molecular mechanism by which ethanol produces this effect is the subject of controversy in animals, and it has not been elucidated in human beings. Possible mechanisms include increased enzyme synthesis stemming from elevated 2E1 messenger RNA levels, enhanced translation of preexisting messenger RNA or stabilization of P-4502E1 protein. To determine which, if any, of these mechanisms underlies P-4502E1 induction in human beings, we examined the effects of ethanol intake on the hepatic intralobular distribution of P-4502E1 messenger RNA and the corresponding protein. Liver sections derived from needle biopsy specimens were obtained from five recently drinking alcoholics (last drink no more than 36 hr before) and eight control subjects (five abstaining alcoholics [last drink 96 hr or more before] and three nondrinkers). In situ hybridization of these liver sections with a human P-4502E1 complementary DNA probe was used to localize P-4502E1 messenger RNA transcripts. Quantitative image analysis of hybridized sections from control subjects revealed that P-4502E1 transcript content in perivenular (zone 3) hepatocytes was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in midzonal (zone 2) and periportal (zone 1) cells (18.3 +/- 1, 9.5 +/- 2 and 3.1 +/- 2 arbitrary density units, respectively; mean +/- S.E.M.). In recent drinkers, acinar regions containing P-4502E1 transcripts were elevated 2.9-fold compared with those in controls (32.8% +/- 7% vs. 11.2% +/- 2%; p < 0.01), with this messenger RNA increase occurring mainly in perivenular cells (29.6 +/- 3 vs. 18.3 +/- 1 units; p < 0.01). P-4502E1 protein distribution, assessed by the immunohistochemical staining of liver sections with P-4502E1 antibodies, was found to be analogous to that of the messenger RNA in control subjects (the level in perivenular cells was greater than that in midzonal cells, which was greater than that in periportal cells), whereas recent drinkers exhibited marked elevations in enzyme content in both perivenular and midzonal hepatocytes. Moreover, cellular levels of P-4502E1 protein and messenger RNA were significantly correlated (rs = 0.79; p < 0.001) in all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Importance of target innervation in recovery from axotomy-induced loss of androgen receptor in rat perineal motoneurons.

In adult male rats, axotomy of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) motoneurons transiently down-regulates androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity. The present study investigates the importance of target reinnervation in the recovery of AR expression in axotomized SNB motoneurons after short (up to 5 days) and long (1 to 6 weeks) periods of recovery. In the long-term recovery experiment, animals were divided into two groups. In one, the two stumps of the cut pudendal nerve, which carries the axons of the SNB motoneurons, were sutured together immediately after axotomy. In the second group, the proximal stump was ligated immediately after axotomy to prevent target reinnervation. Axotomy of the SNB motoneurons caused a significant down-regulation in AR immunoreactivity within 3 days. At 6 weeks, AR immunoreactivity was still depressed in ligated animals but had recovered to control levels in resutured animals. The recovery in the resutured group was coincident with the first signs of reinnervation of the target perineal muscles, although reinnervation seemed to lag behind AR immunoreactivity. SNB soma size was significantly reduced 2 weeks after axotomy and returned to control levels after 6 weeks of recovery only in the resutured animals. These findings suggest that the target perineal muscles play a role in the regulation of AR expression and androgen sensitivity in the SNB motoneurons, perhaps mediated by muscle-derived trophic factors. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influential factors in HPV vaccination uptake among providers in four states.

To examine health providers’ perceived barriers, supports, and vaccination actions in delivering the HPV vaccine to females ages 9–17 in four states. Differences in providers’ HPV vaccination of pre-adolescents compared with older adolescents were explored. A random sample of 1,500 pediatricians, family physicians, gynecologists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants from four states were asked to complete a mail survey. Providers were recruited through state medical and nursing boards. The final sample included 227 respondents. Among those participants, health providers vaccinated older females (ages 13–17) at significantly higher rates than pre-adolescents (ages 9–12) in all four states. Providers who reported increased barriers to HPV vaccination were significantly less likely to vaccinate girls in either age group. The most frequent barriers reported by providers included the financial burden of the HPV vaccine and encountering patients (more often patients’ parents) who have negative perceptions of vaccine. Most common supports included a personal belief in the positive impact of the HPV vaccine, followed by providers feeling comfortable talking with parents about the sexual nature of the vaccine, and the importance of adhering to the CDC’s recommendations on HPV vaccination. Age of patient will likely influence providers’ HPV vaccination behaviors, particularly if parents have concerns about vaccinating their pre-adolescents. Providers can best serve their patients when they are aware of the potential barriers and supports that may influence their HPV vaccination behaviors.
Presidential Address: Leading Lady or Bit Part: The Role of the History of Rhetoric in Communication Education

(2000). Presidential Address: Leading Lady or Bit Part: The Role of the History of Rhetoric in Communication Education. Advances in the History of Rhetoric: Vol. 3, A Collection of Selected Papers Presented at ASHR Conferences in 1998, pp. 1-9.
A fuzzy AHP based approach for selecting potential recovery facilities in a closed-loop supply chain

In this paper, we employ fuzzy AHP methodology for selecting potential recovery facilities in a closed-loop supply chain. This methodology utilizes triangular fuzzy numbers for pair-wise comparisons and the extent analysis method for the synthetic extent value of the fuzzy pair-wise comparisons and principle of comparison of fuzzy numbers to derive the weight vectors to address the criticism traditional AHP often faces due to its unbalanced scale of judgments and inability to handle inherent uncertainty in carrying out pair-wise comparisons. A numerical example is considered to illustrate the methodology.
Further Development of the F.O.C.U.S.: Facilitating On-going Concentration in Undergraduate Students

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common learning disability in many children and adults. A prototype device, the F.O.C.U.S., was developed to help improve the academic performance of students with this disorder. Further development of the F.O.C.U.S. consists of enhancing the current prototype to make it non-stigmatizing so that undergraduate students with ADHD can use it to help them improve their academic performance. A customer needs survey was distributed to students registered with Student Disability Services to determine aspects of the device. The device will include the eZ430-Chronos Development Tool (digital watch) which will control peripheral devices that will be set on the desk of the student. These peripheral devices can be prompted via the wireless signal from the watch to distribute reminder signals such as vibrations, beeping sounds, and flashing light.
THE OCCURRENCE, CHARACTERISTICS AND GENETIC BEHAVIOR OF ALBINO GAMETOPHYTES IN ALLOMYCES

THE FACT that the elaboration of carotenes is restricted to male gametangia in species of the subgenus Euallomyces of the aquatic Phycomycete Allomyces (Emerson, 1941) has been cited by some workers as circumstantial evidence that these pigments function in the sexual reproductive process of this fungus (Emerson and Fox, 1940; Haxo, 1955). Turian (1952) demonstrated that male gametes formed in cultures of Allomyces macrogynus grown in the presence of 1:100,000 diphenylamine (DPA), an inhibitor of carotenoid production, function normally in the absence of visible amounts of pigment, thus leaving the sexual role open to doubt (Goodwin, 1955). But more recently, Turian (1957a, 1957b) has reported the inhibition of the actual development of male gametangia in both A. macrogynus and A. arbuscula by 1:60,000 DPA, as well as by Mn++ ethanol and butanol. The work reported here began with the isolation, after irradiation with ultraviolet light, of a number of albino mutants of A. arbuscula which are characterized by a complex of deficiencies. They are incapable of growth in the minimal medium, do not elaborate carotenes, cannot form male gametangia, and are directed by an as yet unpredictable genetic system. During the course of studies with these isolates, it was observed that albino gametophytes appeared regularly among colonies derived from non-irradiated stock cultures. Therefore, this paper is concerned not only with the characteristics of the mutants, but with the whole phenomenon of albinism in Allomyces, its mode of inheritance, and its relation to the general problem of sexual differentiation in the Blastocladiales. Allomyces regularly undergoes an alternation between two morphologically distinct and physically separable generations (Kniep, 1930; Emerson, 1941, 1955) (fig. 7). The diploid sporophyte consists of a branched hyphal system attached to
Elektronen- und Ladungsübertragung: Zur Vereinheitlichung der mechanismen organischer und metallorganischer Reaktionen

Die grose Vielfalt organischer und metallorganischer Reaktionen kann bei Betrachtung aller Nucleophile und Elektrophile als Elektronendonoren (D) bzw. -acceptoren (A) mit einem vereinheitlichenden Mechanismus beschrieben werden. Der Vergleich von „outer-sphere”- und „inner-sphere”-Elektronenubertragungen mit Hilfe der Marcus-Theorie liefert die thermochemische Basis der „Verallgemeinerten Freien-Enthalpie-Beziehung fur die Elektronenubertragung” (generalized Free Energy Relationship for Electron Transfer, FE-RET) – siehe Gleichung (37) sowie die daraus folgenden Gleichungen (43) und (44) –, die auf elektrophile aromatische Substitutionen, Additionen an Olefine, Spaltungen von Alkyl-metallverbindungen etc. breit anwendbar ist. FERET basiert auf der Umwandlung der durch schwache Nucleophil-Elektrophil-Wechselwirkungen gekennzeichneten, allgegenwartigen Elektronen-Donor-Acceptor(EDA)-Vorlauferkomplexe [D, A] in Radikalionen-paare [D⊕, A−], wofur die Anderung der Freien Enthalpie nach der Mulliken-Theorie aus den Charge-Transfer-Absorptionsspektren abgeschatzt werden kann. Die FERET-Analyse last darauf schliesen, das die Charge-Transfer-Ionenpaare [D⊕, A⊖] den Ubergangszustanden von Nucleophil/Elektrophil-Umwandlungen energetisch aquivalent sind. Das Verhalten solcher Ionenpaare kann in einigen Fallen unmittelbar nach einem 25ps-Laserpuls auf die Charge-Transfer-Bande des EDA-Vorlauferkomplexes direkt beobachtet werden. Derartige Studien bestatigen beispielsweise das Radikalpaar [Aren⊙⊕, NO] als existenzfahiges Intermediat der elektrophilen Nitrierung von Arenen, wie anhand des Mechanismus der Elektronenubertragung von Arenen auf das Nitryl-Kation NO als Elektrophil beschrieben wird.
Diffusion of Innovations as a Theoretical Framework for Telecenters

Local information and communication resource centers, usually called telecenters, are springing up in developing countries with the objective of bringing the benefits of new communication technologies to the rural poor. Rural telecenters are calling the attention of academic and nonacademic researchers, but there is no theoretical framework to help understand the process of diffusion and adoption of these centers by the local communities. This paper uses diffusion theory to provide a conceptual framework for telecenter research and practice. After briefiy reviewing the core of the theory, this paper focuses on the three aspects of diffusion that are most pertinent for telecenter application: (1) the perceived attributes of innovations, (2) the communication aspects of the diffusion process, and (3) the consequences of innovation adoption. The paper concludes with a summary of the implications of diffusion theory for telecenter research.
Haptenic relationships of p-azobenzenesulfonate and some structurally-related food dyes

Abstract Tartrazine, an FD&C approved azo dye, has been implicated in food and drug-borne allergic reactions. The dye was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by a water-soluble carbodiimide and by bis-diazotized benzidine. Both conjugates, as immunogens in rabbits, elicited the production of antibodies specific for tartrazine. The antibodies cross-reacted with other FD&C dyes, the extent of the reaction depending on the structural relationship of these dyes to tartrazine. Tartrazine is structurally and haptenically related to p -azobenzenesulfonate. Antibodies to tartrazine, however, are serologically unique. The tartrazine-BSA conjugates should be useful in skin-test studies for tartrazine allergies and in immunoassays for the dye.
Brain Molecular Aging, Promotion of Neurological Disease and Modulation by Sirtuin5 Longevity Gene Polymorphism

Mechanisms determining characteristic age-of-onset for neurological diseases are largely unknown. Normal brain aging associates with robust and progressive transcriptome changes ("molecular aging"), but the intersection with disease pathways is mostly uncharacterized. Here, using cross-cohort microarray analysis of four human brain areas, we show that neurological disease pathways largely overlap with molecular aging and that subjects carrying a newly-characterized low-expressing polymorphism in a putative longevity gene (Sirtuin5; SIRT5(prom2)) have older brain molecular ages. Specifically, molecular aging was remarkably conserved across cohorts and brain areas, and included numerous developmental and transcription-regulator genes. Neurological disease-associated genes were highly overrepresented within age-related genes and changed almost unanimously in pro-disease directions, together suggesting an underlying genetic "program" of aging that progressively promotes disease. To begin testing this putative pathway, we developed and used an age-biosignature to assess five candidate longevity gene polymorphisms' association with molecular aging rates. Most robustly, aging was accelerated in cingulate, but not amygdala, of subjects carrying a SIRT5 promoter polymorphism (+9 years, p=0.004), in concordance with cingulate-specific decreased SIRT5 expression. This effect was driven by a set of core transcripts (+24 years, p=0.0004), many of which were mitochondrial, including Parkinson's disease genes, PINK-1 and DJ-1/PARK7, hence suggesting that SIRT5(prom2) may represent a risk factor for mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases, including Parkinson's, through accelerated molecular aging of disease-related genes. Based on these results we speculate that a "common mechanism" may underlie age-of-onset across several neurological diseases. Confirming this pathway and its regulation by common genetic variants would provide new strategies for predicting, delaying, and treating neurological diseases.
The syndrome of superior vena caval obstruction

Abstract Clinical and pathologic reports of obstruction of the superior vena cava are uncommon. Ehrlich, Ballon, and Graham, 1 in 1933, were able to collect from the entire literature only 309 cases. Minor degrees of compression of the superior vena cava are probably much more common than the comparatively small number of these reports would lead one to believe. A slight compression may cause no symptoms, and the signs may be so meager that either they are disregarded or overlooked entirely. Major obstructions by neighboring mediastinal tumors are probably also not as uncommon as the small number of reports in the literature suggests, because the symptoms of venous obstruction are to a considerable extent masked by more obvious and distressing symptoms, such as dyspnea and dysphagia, caused by pressure on other mediastinal structures. Furthermore, the obstruction is rarely complete, or of sufficiently long duration, because of the nature of the lesion causing it, to necessitate the development of a collateral circulation. On the other hand, occlusion of the superior vena cava without a demonstrable tumor in the mediastinum is rare. Survival, with the development of an adequate collateral circulation, is still more rare. The following case is reported to illustrate the complete syndrome of occlusion of the superior vena cava, and to demonstrate the value of roentgenographic visualization of the vascular system, of segmental circulation time studies, and of venous pressure measurements in the diagnosis of such an obstruction.
Urinary incontinence and stroke outcomes

Abstract Gross JC. Urinary incontinence and stroke outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:22-7. Objective: To examine the relation of urinary incontinence to functional status and discharge destination in stroke rehabilitation patients. Design: Historical cohort. Setting: Freestanding, not-for-profit rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Nonrandom sampling. The charts of all admissions to the stroke rehabilitation unit were screened to identify patients with a medical diagnosis of completed stroke occurring 2 to 4 weeks before admission to rehabilitation, documented evidence of urinary incontinence at least daily the first 2 days after admission, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) bladder sphincter score of 5 or less. Ninety patients met the inclusion criteria. Main Outcome Measures: FIM, change in FIM scores from admission to discharge, weekly FIM gains, and discharge destination. Results: Continence status at discharge was not associated with discharge destination, but did predict total FIM score at discharge and the change in FIM scores from admission to discharge. Subjects who regained continence had higher weekly FIM gains on all subscales except Communication. A critical area of difference between the groups was in Social Cognition scores. The time interval from stroke greatly influenced the findings; in patients evaluated 14 to 18 days after stroke differences between continent and incontinent subjects were found only in Social Cognition scores, whereas in patients evaluated 27 to 30 days after stroke differences were found in Self-Care and Sphincter Control scores. Conclusion: Further investigation into cognitive characteristics should be undertaken with a more comprehensive tool appropriate for an impaired population. © 2000 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
The Occurrence of Avian Tubercle Bacilli in Dressed Poultry

A certain percentage of poultry intended for food is affected with tuberculosis. This is especially true of fowl that originate in districts where a high incidence of tuberculosis exists among farm flocks. In the absence of an adequate nation-wide inspection of poultry intended for human consumption it would not be surprising that tuberculous birds are frequently sold at public markets. The lesions of fowl tuberculosis occur most frequently in such organs as the spleen, liver and intestines, and since these organs are usually removed during the process of ''dressing', fowl carcasses, tangible evidence of the existence of the disease is not apparent to the ultimate consumer. This is a problem that should have the serious consideration of public health officials charged with the responsibility of insuring a safe, wholesome food supply for the public. Flesh of a chicken with extensive tuberculosis can hardly be considered as desirable food by a citizenry enlightened in matters pertaining to public health. Tuberculosis bacillemia is of frequent occurrence in tuberculosis of chickens and although the grossly morbid tissues have been removed, lesions of tuberculosis often exist in the joints and in the marrow of the long bones, and it is not unlikely that tubercle bacilli remain in the vascular system as a consequence of their dissemination by the blood stream. Assuming therefore that the tuberculous fowl has no place in food markets, the question may be raised as to whether or not apparently healthy fowl, from districts where avian tuberculosis is prevalent, may harbor avian tubercle bacilli. To obtain information on this phase of the problem the following observations were made: