cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of chromosome compaction during mitosis.

We have quantitatively studied the space-time dynamics of mitotic chromosome compaction in cultured amphibian cells. After collecting digital phase-contrast images we have done digital image analysis to study spatial correlations in density. We find a characteristic distance at which the strongest correlations occur, which provides a quantitative measure of the size of patches of dense chromatin during interphase and early prophase. Later in mitosis, this length corresponds to the thickness of prophase and metaphase chromosomes. We find that during interphase strong correlations exist at a few-micrometer length; during prophase this correlation length progressively drops as the chromosomes are compacted. Our data are explained by a model based on assembly of chromatin loops onto already fiberlike interphase chromosomes. To test this model we have microinjected cobalt hexamine trichloride into interphase nuclei and have observed the rapid condensation of the interphase chromatin into thick fibers with a spacing similar to the native-state interphase correlation length determined from our image analysis.
An unusual case of obstructive pulmonary oedema

A four-year-old boy was admitted to intensive care via casualty having suffered an apnoeic episode due to compression of his chest by a heavy cattle bar. A petechial rash was noted on the upper chest and arms. A chest radiograph showed pulmonary oedema which resolved over a few hours following positive pressure ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure. We believe this to be an unusual presentation of obstructive pulmonary oedemia (Negative Pressure Pulmonary Oedema).
Meta-analysis of quasi-experimental research: are systematic narrative reviews indicated?

CONTEXT Meta-analyses are commonly performed on quasi-experimental studies in medical education and other applied field settings, with little or no apparent concern for biases and confounds present in the studies synthesised. The implicit assumption is that the biases and confounds are randomly distributed across the studies and are averaged or cancelled out by the synthesis. OBJECTIVES We set out to consider the possibility that the results and conclusions of meta-analyses in medical education are subject to biases and confounds and to illustrate this possibility with a re-examination of the studies synthesised in an important, recently published meta-analysis of problem-based learning. METHODS We carefully re-examined the studies in the meta-analysis. Our aims were to identify obvious biases and confounds that provided plausible alternative explanations of each study's results and to determine whether these threats to validity were considered and convincingly ruled out as plausible rival hypotheses. RESULTS Ten of the 11 studies in the meta-analysis used quasi-experimental designs; all 10 were subject to constant biases and confounds that favoured the intervention condition. Threats to validity were not ruled out in the individual studies, nor in the meta-analysis itself. CONCLUSIONS Our re-examination of the results and conclusions of the meta-analysis illustrates our concerns about the validity of meta-analyses based primarily on quasi-experimental studies. Our tentative conclusion is that the field of medical education might be better served in most instances by systematic narrative reviews that describe and critically evaluate individual studies and their results in light of threats to their validity.
Is obesity a barrier to physician screening for cervical cancer

Objective To determine if obese and morbidly obese women are as likely to receive Papanicolaou (Pap) smears as nonobese women. Patients and methods A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected during a prospective, controlled trial of computer-generated reminders to improve preventive care. The site was a large, academic general medicine practice providing primary care to an urban population at a university-affiliated municipal teaching hospital. Data were analyzed from 15 faculty and 77 resident physicians who delivered care to 1,321 women who were eligible for Pap smears. Patient data were obtained from a computerized medical record system. Results Outcomes were physician reports of Pap smear performance and reasons for nonperformance of Pap smears in eligible women. Pap smear performance was 21% for nonobese women, 20% for obese women, and 20% for morbidly obese women (P = NS). After adjusting for age and race, odds ratios for omission of Pap smear were 1.20 for both obese (95% confidence interval [CI]0.36 to 1.67; P=NS) and morbidly obese women (95% CI, 0.58 to 2.47; P=NS). A significant dose-response relationship was found between increasing patient weight and physician responses that the Pap smear was delayed due to patient's acute illness, vaginitis, or menstruation (odds ratios [OR]1.73 for obese, OR 4.59 for morbidly obese women; P Conclusions In our general medicine practice, obesity does not appear to be associated with less Pap smear performance. Physicians are more likely to report delaying obese patients' Pap smears due to acute illness, vaginitis, or menstruation.
The RCAS-TVA System for Introduction of Oncogenes into Selected Somatic Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vivo

We have reported the use of the RCAS-TVA system to model sporadic tumorigenesis upon oncogenic activation in somatic mammary epithelial cells in the mouse. Here we review the advantages of this approach as compared to conventional mouse models with transgenic oncogene expression. We also in detail describe the RCAS-TVA method for introducing genes into somatic mammary epithelial cells engineered to express the avian receptor tva. This method may be particularly useful in modeling oncogenic activation and subsequent tumorigenesis in distinct breast epithelial cell sub-populations, including progenitor cells.
Re-Visioning the Future of the Third World: An Ecological Perspective on Development

Until recently, the commonly accepted notion of human social development held that static “traditional” societies passed through a dynamic transitional period and came to rest again as “modern” industrial societies. Such simplistic stage and linear development theories have now been formally superseded by Huntington's formulation of development and decay as concurrent processes with no necessary endstate. There remains, however, an implicit assumption that highly populated, urbanindustrial societies with continuously growing economies are the proper goal of development, and that the current internal political and economic processes of third-world nations are the proper subject of study.
Genesis of basal sphincter pressure: effect of tetrodotoxin on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in opossum in vivo.

Currently it is believed that lower esophageal sphincter closure is maintained by tonic neurohormonal activity. Studies were performed to evaluate the role of neural and myogenic activity in the genesis of resting sphincter pressure in the opossum. The neural activity in the sphincter was blocked by intravenous administration of the puffer fish poison, tetrodotoxin, in intact animals. The respiration in these animals was assisted with a respirator, their blood pressure was supported by intravenous administration of Ringer's solution, and their body temperature was maintained by heating lamp. The lower esophageal sphincter pressures were measured with water-filled and continuously perfused catheters which were anchored to the lower esophageal sphincter using a new technique. Tetrodotoxin blocked the sphincter response to neural stimulation with vagal stimulation, esophageal distention, and local electrical stimulation of the sphincter. The mean resting sphincter pressure before tetrodotoxin was 59.0 ± 2.6 mm Hg, and it was 64.4 ± 6.9 mm Hg after tetrodotoxin (P>0.05). During neural block with tetrodotoxin, the sphincter response to administration of isoproterenol or bethanechol was similar to that during the control period (P>0.05). These studies show that: (1) Tetrodotoxin can be administered in intact animals to achieve complete block of neural activity in the lower esophageal sphincter; (2) sphincter muscle is not adversely affected by tetrodotoxin; and (3) block of neural activity does not alter the resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure.
A physically based approach to the accurate simulation of stiff fibers and stiff fiber meshes

We devise a physically based approach to the accurate simulation of stiff fibers like human hair, wool, or yarn. For that we describe fibers as three-dimensional coupled oscillator networks. The application of special analytical mapping expressions allows us to mimic the existence of Young's and shear modulus in the oscillator network so that real material parameters can be used. For the efficient numerical treatment of the stiff equations of motion of the system a Damped Exponential Time Integrator (DETI) is introduced. This type of integrator is able to take large time steps during the solution process of the stiff system while sustaining stability. It also handles Rayleigh damping analytically by employing the closed-form solution of the fully damped harmonic oscillator. We validate the fiber model against the outcome obtained by solving the special Cosserat theory of rods. Moreover, we demonstrate the efficiency of our approach on some complex fiber assemblies like human hair and fiber meshes. Compared to established methods we reach a significant speed up and at the same time achieve highly accurate results. Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted HighlightsWe devise a physically based approach to the accurate simulation of stiff fibers and fiber networks. For that, fibers are described as three-dimensional coupled oscillator networks because these are much easier to handle in complex contact situations than more strict continuum formulations like Cosserat rods. Also, we use special analytical expressions in order to admit the mapping of real values of Young's and shear modulus to the oscillator network and their spring constants, respectively.To evolve forward in time the stiff equations of motion of the fibers a Damped Exponential Time Integrator (DETI) is devised that is able to handle the stiff components of the equations of motion as well as Rayleigh damping fully analytically by employing the closed-form solution of the damped harmonic oscillator.This is accompanied by a thorough validation of the single fiber model against the Cosserat rod equations. We close with the presentation of convincing numerical examples as proof of concept.
Comparisons between Populations of Typhlodromus longipilus Nesbitt and T. occidentalis Nesbitt: Taxonomy, Distribution, and Hybridization,

Significant differences in the length of peritreme and dorsal setae II were found between 8 populations designated as Typhlodromus longipilus which were collected from the midwest and northeastern regions of North America and 12 populations designated as Typhlodromus occidentalis which were obtained from western North America and the Netherlands. Individual analysis of each of 8 other anatomic features did not allow complete separation between the 2 groups; however, significant interspecific differences within each designated species were observed. Comparisons of distributions suggested that T. longipilus is common to the more humid-temperate portions of the midwest and eastern regions of North American whereas T. occidentalis is found in the more arid regions of the western United States and Canada and probably has been introduced into European glasshouses. Hybridization results gave proof of complete reproductive isolation between a T. longipilus population collected from New Jersey and each of 2 populations of T. occidentalis from central Washington state and the Netherlands. These latter 2 populations of T. occidentalis were readily hybridized and judged to be conspecific.
Studies of the pathways open to copper water oxidation catalysts containing proximal hydroxy groups during basic electrocatalysis.

Water oxidation can lead to a sustainable source of energy, but for water oxidation catalysts to be economical they must use earth abundant metals. We report here 2:1 6,6′-dihydroxybipyridine (6,6′-dhbp)/copper complexes that are capable of electrocatalytic water oxidation in aqueous base (pH = 10–14). Two crystal structures of the complex that contains 6,6′-dhbp and copper(II) in a ratio of 2:1 (complex 1) are presented at different protonation states. The thermodynamic acid dissociation constants were measured for complex 1, and these show that the complex is fully deprotonated above pH = 8.3 (i.e., under water oxidation conditions). CW-EPR, ENDOR, and HYSCORE spectroscopy confirmed that the 6,6′-dhbp ligand is bound to the copper ion over a wide pH range which shows how pH influences precatalyst structure. Additional copper(II) complexes were synthesized from the ligands 4,4′-dhbp (complex 2) and 6,6′-dimethoxybipyridine (complexes 3 and 4). A zinc complex of 6,6′-dhbp was also synthesized (complex 5)....
Surface Film Thicknesses of Polymeric Substances in Relation to Molecular Structure

Abstract It is well known that certain compounds, such as long chain fatty acids, can form monomolecular films on water and that the areas of such films can be related to the dimensions of the molecules. Certain polymeric substances, including cellulose derivatives, proteins and the polymer of ω-hydroxydecanoic acid likewise form stable films whose areas can be conveniently measured. At this time we wish to report that we have prepared films of some rubberlike polymers as well, and that the results appear to give useful information about their molecular structures, particularly in relation to branching.
International human rights, sovereignty, and global governance: toward a new political conception

The legalization of international human rights norms and the globalization of human rights discourses challenge the way we think about sovereignty, legitimacy, and international law. The international human rights regime that began after World War Two, blossomed in the mid-1970s and took on new force after 1989 has led some cosmopolitan moral and legal theorists to conclude that the sovereignty and external legitimacy of governments should be considered contingent on their being both non-aggressive and basically just (i.e. rights-respecting). A radical idea is at stake: that the “international community” may articulate moral principles and create legal rules regulating the conduct of governments toward their own populations when human rights are at issue. It is also argued that the international community has the default obligation to protect individuals and enforce basic human rights when states fail to do so or when they violate the rights of those under their authority or control. The changing norms of the international system seem to be indicative of a new political culture regarding sovereignty that has shifted from one of impunity to one of responsibility and accountability. The expansion of human rights law and the expectation, since the mid-1990s, that it should be backed up, in cases of grave violations, by sanctions imposed at the international level including military (humanitarian) intervention, suggest to some that the internal legitimacy of governments as well as the sovereignty of the state have become contingent on outside judgments based on cosmopolitan principles of justice. From this perspective too, the rules protecting state sovereignty such as the principles of non-intervention and domestic jurisdiction enshrined in the UN Charter appear to be out of date, and the international legal and political order based on them increasingly illegitimate. Accordingly those embracing this perspective advocate redefining sovereignty as the responsibility to protect (R2P) rather than as state autonomy.
A multi-level simulation technique with emphasis on behavioral simulation and modeling

As a viable solution to some of the problems involved in the design and analysis of today's large and complex analog circuits, a systematic top-down design methodology is needed. To support this methodology, an efficient multi-level simulation technique and a generic MOS op-amp behavioral model which can be analyzed by the simulation technique are presented in this dissertation. The multi-level simulation technique presented herein analyzes circuits composed of blocks described at different levels of abstraction by using different simulation methods (circuit, functional or behavioral simulation) for each block of the circuit according to its abstraction level. For the analysis of circuit- and functional-level blocks (circuit and functional simulation), standard simulation techniques such as built-in models, Modified Nodal Analysis formulation and the Newton-Raphson nonlinear solution algorithm are used. However, for the analysis of behavioral-level blocks (behavioral simulation), an analysis methodology other than that of conventional simulation programs, such as SPICE and ASTAP, has to be used since the behavioral model of the blocks is not built in the simulation program, but is defined by the user in the form of 'C' language functions. This methodology includes a hybrid linearization technique, which selects either the finite difference method or a modified Broyden's method according to predefined conditions, and a new behavioral model representation technique. The op-amp behavioral model developed in this dissertation is a generic model. All the parameters of the behavioral model are obtained from the electric performance characteristics of the op-amp being modeled. They are independent of the load conditions of the op-amp, which is a very convenient feature for system-level design. Results of several simulation examples show that a prototype simulation program, which implements the multi-level simulation technique, can analyze circuits containing highly nonlinear behavioral models, and the simulation time can be reduced as much as 14 times over traditional circuit-level simulation. The issues involved in the capabilities of the prototype simulation program in its present form and suggestions for future applications are also discussed.
Introduction: Heidegger on Ontotheology

Martin Heidegger is now widely recognized as one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. Until the late 1960s, this impact derived mainly from his early magnum opus, Being and Time (published in 1927). Many of the twentieth century's most significant continental thinkers – including Hannah Arendt, Rudolf Bultmann, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jurgen Habermas, Emmanuel Levinas, Herbert Marcuse, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Paul Tillich – acknowledge profound conceptual debts to the insights elaborated in this text. Being and Time was never finished, however, and Heidegger continued to develop, refine, and in some places revolutionize his own thinking for another fifty years. This “later” Heidegger's prolific body of work decisively influenced the next generation of continental philosophers, helping to shape the concepts and concerns of major contemporary figures such as Jean Baudrillard, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Derrida, Hubert Dreyfus, Michel Foucault, Luce Irigaray, Jacques Lacan, Richard Rorty, and Charles Taylor, to name but a few. Despite this unparalleled impact, however, important aspects of Heidegger's later philosophy remain obscured by confusion and controversy. Heidegger on Ontotheology: Technology and the Politics of Education seeks to clarify five interrelated aspects of Heidegger's later thought, namely, his neglected understanding of metaphysics as ontotheology, his controversial critique of technology, his appalling misadventure with Nazism, his prescient critique of the university, and, finally, his important philosophical suggestions for the future of higher education.
Statistical Intervals Based on a Single Sample

A point estimate, because it is a single number, by itself provides no information about the precision and reliability of estimation. Consider, for example, using the statistic \( \overline{X} \) to calculate a point estimate for the true average breaking strength (g) of paper towels of a certain brand, and suppose that \( \overline{{x}} = {9322}.{7} \). Because of sampling variability, it is virtually never the case that \( \overline{{x}} = \mu \).
Cavity QED with trapped atoms

Cavity QED offers enabling capabilities for diverse tasks in quantum information science (QIS), such as the realization of quantum networks. Critical to the realization of scientific goals in QIS are diverse technical advances, including most importantly the localization of atoms within an optical cavity in a regime of strong coupling. Progress on this front is described, both by way of single-photon trapping and with a far-off resonance dipole-force trap.
Utility of Biomarkers in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of complex clinical and pathological conditions. It runs a chronic course, and proper management requires constant monitoring of disease activity. Recent evidence suggests that subjective patient scores have a poor correlation with disease activity. Endoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring disease activity. As healthcare is moving towards less costly and less invasive treatments, the need for biomarkers in the management of IBD is evident. Over the last decade, several biomarkers have been found, which may correct the discrepancy between subjective patient scores and the need for endoscopy.
Do International Experiences Develop Cultural Sensitivity and Desire for Multicultural Practice among Medical Students and Residents

Analysis of three studies that say medical students and residents are more comfortable communicating and treating patients who differ from them after international electives and cultural sensitivity training. . Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The Chicken or the Egg? Migrants and Foreign Direct Investment: an Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which migrants in a host country exert a gravitational pull on investments of multinational firms of their country of origin (COO). More import...
Validating a Model for Welding Induced Residual Stress Using High-Energy X-ray Diffraction

Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) provides a pathway to advance performance in structures through the use of physically-based models to better understand how manufacturing processes influence product performance. As one particular challenge, consider that residual stresses induced in fabrication are pervasive and directly impact the life of structures. For ICME to be an effective strategy, it is essential that predictive capability be developed in conjunction with critical experiments. In the present work, simulation results from a multi-physics model for gas metal arc welding are evaluated through x-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. A test component was designed with intent to develop significant gradients in residual stress, be representative of real-world engineering application, yet remain tractable for finely spaced strain measurements with positioning equipment available at synchrotron facilities. The experimental validation lends confidence to model predictions, facilitating the explicit consideration of residual stress distribution in prediction of fatigue life.
An incipient invasion of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) into their own native range in the Cayman Islands: a case of cryptic back-introduction

Human-mediated dispersal has reshaped distribution patterns and biogeographic relationships for many taxa. Long-distance and over-water dispersal were historically rare events for most species, but now human activities can move organisms quickly over long distances to new places. A potential consequence of human-mediated dispersal is the eventual reintroduction of individuals from an invasive population back into their native range; a dimension of biological invasion termed “cryptic back-introduction.” We investigated whether this phenomenon was occurring in the Cayman Islands where brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) with red dewlaps (i.e., throat fans), either native to Little Cayman or invasive on Grand Cayman, have been found on Cayman Brac where the native A. sagrei have yellow dewlaps. Our analysis of microsatellite data shows strong population-genetic structure among the three Cayman Islands, but also evidence for non-equilibrium. We found some instances of intermediate multilocus genotypes (possibly 3–9% of individuals), particularly between Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac. Furthermore, analysis of dewlap reflectance data classified six males sampled on Cayman Brac as having red dewlaps similar to lizards from Grand Cayman and Little Cayman. Lastly, one individual from Cayman Brac had an intermediate microsatellite genotype, a red dewlap, and a mtDNA haplotype from Grand Cayman. This mismatch among genetic and phenotypic data strongly suggests that invasive A. sagrei from Grand Cayman are interbreeding with native A. sagrei on Cayman Brac. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of cryptic back-introduction. Although we demonstrate this phenomenon is occurring in the Cayman Islands, assessing its frequency there and prevalence in other systems may prove difficult due to the need for genetic data in most instances. Cryptic back-introductions may eventually provide some insight into how lineages are changed by the invasion process and may be an underappreciated way in which invasive species impact native biodiversity.
Tracking objects surrounded by scattering media

Statistical properties of integrated scattered intensity from an object, under illumination with dynamic diffused light thorough a scattering wall, are exploited for tracking objects in real time. Experimental demonstrations are presented.
Use of LiDAR to define habitat thresholds for forest bird conservation

Abstract Quantifying species-habitat relationships provides guidance for establishment of recovery standards for endangered species, but research on forest bird habitat has been limited by availability of fine-grained forest structure data across broad extents. New tools for collection of data on forest bird response to fine-grained forest structure provide opportunities to evaluate habitat thresholds for forest birds. We used LiDAR-derived estimates of habitat attributes and resource selection to evaluate foraging habitat thresholds for recovery of the federally endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Leuconotopicus borealis; RCW) on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. First, we generated utilization distributions to define habitat use and availability for 30 RCW groups surveyed over a >4-h period twice per month between April 2013 and March 2015. Next, we used piecewise regression to characterize RCW threshold responses to LiDAR-derived habitat attributes described in the United States Fish and Wildlife Service recovery plan for RCW. Finally, we used resource utilization functions to estimate selection of specific habitat thresholds and used the magnitude of selection to prioritize thresholds for conservation. We identified lower and upper thresholds for densities of pines ≥35.6 cm dbh (22, 65 trees/ha), basal area (BA) of pines ≥25.4 cm dbh (1.4, 2.2 m2/ha), hardwood canopy cover (6, 31%), and BA of hardwoods 7.6–22.9 cm dbh (0.4, 6.07 m2/ha); we identified three thresholds for density of pines 7.6–25.4 cm dbh (56, 341, and 401 trees/ha). Selection rankings prioritized foraging habitat with
Recognizing Latinos' range of skin pigment and phototypes to enhance skin cancer prevention.

Summary Latinos in the United States may have the mistaken assumption that their natural pigmentation protects them from developing skin cancer that, effectively, serves as a barrier to Latinos receiving education in primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer. Latino adults of Mexican or Puerto Rican heritage attending community health fairs in the greater Chicago area responded to a culturally informed and sensitive measure for sunburn and tan, which was previously adapted to capture skin irritation with tenderness from the sun occurring in darker skin types (n=350). By self-reported responses and spectrophotometry assessment of constitutive pigmentation, adapted Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) ranged from skin type I to IV in the Mexican-American participants and from II to V in the Puerto Rican participants. The objectively measured proportion of adapted FST II skin type was greater than commonly perceived and demonstrated that many Latinos do indeed have sun sensitive skin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Cohesion Theory of Sap Ascent

Pressures in the xylem of north temperate trees are very rarely positive. It does happen in certain species, such as Acer, Betula, TVitis,etc., during late winter when roots are active but leaves have not yet unfolded. If at that time the xylem is injured, it bleeds. In certain herbs, xylem pressures become positive at night when transpiration is suppressed. Leaves then guttate from hydathodes which are normally located at the leaf margins. Under humid conditions of the tropical rain forest, positive pressures have been recorded in the xylem of several species even in the presence of leaves. Guttation from leaves was then observed (e.g., von Faber 1915); walking in the forest under such conditions reportedly gave the impression of walking in a drizzle of rain.
In vivo comparison of medialized dome and anatomic patellofemoral geometries using subject‐specific computational modeling

Successful outcome following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with patella resurfacing is partly determined by the restoration of patellofemoral (PF) function and recovery of the quadriceps mechanism. The current study compared two patellar TKA geometries (medialized dome and anatomic) to determine their impact on PF mechanics and quadriceps function. In-vivo, subject-specific patellar mechanics were evaluated using a sequential experimental and modeling approach. First, stereo radiography, marker-based motion capture, and force plate data were collected for TKA patients (10 dome, 10 anatomic) performing a knee extension and lunge. Second, subject-specific, whole-body, musculoskeletal models, including 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) knee joint kinematics, were created for each subject and activity to predict quadriceps forces. Last, finite element models of each subject and activity were created to predict PF kinematics, patellar loading, moment arm, and patellar tendon angle. Differences in mechanics between dome and anatomic patients were highlighted during load-bearing (lunge) activity. Anatomic subjects demonstrated greater PF flexion angles (avg. 11 ± 3°) compared to dome subjects during lunge. Similar to the natural knee, contact locations on the patella migrated inferior to superior as the knee flexed in anatomic subjects, but remained relatively superior in dome subjects. Differences in kinematics and contact location likely contributed to altered mechanics with anatomic subjects presenting greater load transfer from the quadriceps to the patellar tendon in deep flexion (>75°), and dome subjects demonstrating larger contact forces during lunge. Although there was substantial patient variability, evaluations of PF mechanics suggested improved quadriceps function and more natural kinematics in the anatomic design. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1910-1918, 2018.
Acting, Error, and the Art of Lying in Lessing’s Work

This chapter argues that Lessing’s bourgeois tragedies demonstrate a surprising obsession with the subtleties of sin, transgression, crime, and error. Building on the implicit dialogue between Condillac’s notion of fallible senses in the Treatise on Sensations (1754), the close reading of Mis Sara Sampson (1755) suggests that Lessing continues to work with the Aristotelian tradition, but begins to revolutionize German dramatic and theatrical practice through his reassessment of error’s moral dimension, gestural semiotics, and link to human sensory experience. The chapter contrasts the representation of error in Lessing’s early comedies with the subtle performances of deception, dissimulation, and misinterpretation that in Mis Sara Sampson challenge the semiotic effectiveness of the acting body, restaging the plot-driving hamartia as misinterpretation. The chapter concludes with a new consideration of metaphorical bodies in Lessing’s work as lying signifiers.
Urbanization, Local Government, and Planning for Sustainability

Local governments are in a unique position to manifest and implement the practices of sustainability. They possess a decision-making apparatus that allows sustainability practices to be readily implemented; they are the institutions closest to the people and whose decisions reflect on developing the holistic health of the community, meaning that the goals of equity, economy and environmental quality must all be satisfied equally; and they are the institutions that are most directly accountable to the people. This chapter discusses the origins and principles of sustainability planning for cities, various strategies for implementation, and concludes by providing a case study of a sustainability plan for the city of Manila, Philippines.
An 88-GHz Compact Fundamental Oscillator With 19.4% DC-to-RF Efficiency and 7.5-dBm Output Power in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS

This letter presents an 88-GHz fundamental oscillator. By utilizing a device-centric design technique as well as the self-feeding oscillator topology, the fundamental power generation is optimized. The circuit is fabricated in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and occupies only $200 \times 140\,\,\mu \text{m}^{\mathbf {2}}$ area. The oscillator achieves 7.5 dBm of measured peak output power and 19.4% DC-to-RF efficiency. The output frequency is tunable from 87.5 GHz to 88.5 GHz. The measured phase noise is −107 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset corresponding to a phase noise figure-of-merit of 191.1 at this offset frequency. To the best of our knowledge, this oscillator exhibits the highest reported DC-to-RF efficiency among Si/SiGe mm-wave oscillators at this frequency range.
Care-tizenship: precarity, social movements, and the deleting/re-writing of citizenship

A series of activist efforts across Europe have been organizing under the umbrella concept of precarity, with a long trajectory of movements facing flexibilization policies, austerity programs and ...
Convex Relaxation of Bilinear Matrix Inequalities Part II: Applications to Optimal Control Synthesis

The first part of this paper proposed a family of penalized convex relaxations for solving optimization problems with bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) constraints. In this part, we generalize our approach to a sequential scheme which starts from an arbitrary initial point (feasible or infeasible) and solves a sequence of penalized convex relaxations in order to find feasible and near-optimal solutions for BMI optimization problems. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method on the $\mathcal{H}_{2}$ and $\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ optimal controller design problems with both centralized and decentralized structures. The experimental results based on a variety of benchmark control plants demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed approach in comparison with the existing methods.
Equifinality and Pathways to Environmental Concern: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis:

Studying how people understand and develop concern for environmental problems is a key area of research within environmental sociology. Previous research shows that numerous social factors have mea...
Beyond child maltreatment: The incremental value of household dysfunction in the prediction of negative beliefs and internalizing symptoms in women.

Child maltreatment is associated with negative mental health outcomes including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Maltreatment experiences can result in negative beliefs about safety and wellbeing, which may maintain negative mental health symptoms. Household dysfunction (eg, impaired caregiver) is considered less severe than maltreatment but more problematic than well-functioning family environments. Objective: This study investigates the incremental value household dysfunction contributes, above effects of maltreatment, to the prediction of internalizing symptoms (PTSD, depression, anxiety), and the extent to which negative beliefs might maintain these symptoms. Participants/methods: Female college students (N = 252; Mage = 19.2) electronically reported childhood exposure to maltreatment and household dysfunction, current maladaptive beliefs and internalizing symptoms. Results: Structural equation modeling showed household dysfunction significantly predicted internalizing symptoms after controlling for maltreatment experiences; this association was mediated through negative beliefs. Conclusions: Results suggest the additional importance of considering elements of household dysfunction when exploring traumatic histories.
Scientific Advising and Reviewing: On strengthening the bond between the Alzheimer's Association and the scientific community

From its inception in 1980, advancement of research was one of the primary missions of the Alzheimer's Association (also known as Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association) in addition to leading in family caregiver support, better care, public education, and awareness. Over the past 30 years, the Association has grown and expanded its engagement with the scientific community. In the past 10 years, its research budget has more than doubled, greatly increasing the number of research grants funded and the number of strategic projects supported. The leadership and members of the Medical and Scientific Advisory Council recognized that the growth of the Alzheimer's Association and the expanded mission of Medical & Scientific Relations Division necessitated a change in the mission and charge of the external scientific advisory function to the Association.
Collective Belief Defended

We evaluate several significant objections to the possibility of group belief. These incredulity objections urge that the very concept of group belief is suspect or incoherent. Although many other ...
Detecting commonality in multidimensional fish movement histories using sequence analysis

Acoustic telemetry, for tracking fish movement histories, is multidimensional capturing both spatial and temporal domains. Oftentimes, analyses of such data are limited to a single domain, one domain nested within the other, or ad hoc approaches that simultaneously consider both domains. Sequence analysis, on the other hand, offers a repeatable statistical framework that uses a sequence alignment algorithm to calculate pairwise dissimilarities among individual movement histories and then hierarchical agglomerative clustering to identify groups of fish with similar movement histories. The objective of this paper is to explore how acoustic telemetry data can be fit to this statistical framework and used to identify commonalities in the movement histories of acoustic-tagged sea lamprey during upstream migration through the St. Clair-Detroit River System. Five significant clusters were identified among individual fish. Clusters represented differences in timing of movements (short vs long duration in the Detroit R. and Lake St. Clair); extent of upstream migration (ceased migration in Lake St. Clair, lower St. Clair R., or upper St. Clair R.), and occurrence of fallback (return to Lake St. Clair after ceasing migration in the St. Clair R.). Inferences about sea lamprey distribution and behavior from these results were similar to those reached in a previous analysis using ad-hoc analysis methods. The repeatable statistical framework outlined here can be used to group sea lamprey movement histories based on shared sequence characteristics (i.e., chronological order of “states” occupied). Further, this framework is flexible and allows researchers to define a priori the movement aspect (e.g., order, timing, duration) that is important for identifying both common or previously undetected movement histories. As such, we do not view sequence analysis as a panacea but as a useful complement to other modelling approaches (i.e., exploratory tool for informing hypothesis development) or a stand-alone semi-quantitative method for generating a simplified, temporally and spatially structured view of complex acoustic telemetry data and hypothesis testing when observed patterns warrant further investigation.
Distribution of 40K, 238U and 232Th and associated radiological risks in river sand sediments across Enugu East, Nigeria

Abstract The distributions of 40K, 238U and 232Th in sand sediments of rivers in Enugu east, Southeastern, Nigeria have been studied and measured using NaI(TI) gamma-ray spectrometry detector. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th across the studied locations were found to range from 13.18 (at Emene river) to 109.64 Bqkg–1 (at Trans-Ekulu river), 8.52 (at Abakpa river) to 15.45 Bqkg–1 (Eke express river) and 10.67 (at Emene river) to 16.94 Bqkg–1(at Abakpa river), respectively. The overall averages were found to be 60.55, 12.07 and 13.02 Bqkg–1 for 40K, 238U and 232Th, respectively. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides in sediments of the study areas were found to be lower than their world average of 400, 35, and 30 Bqkg–1, respectively. Radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, internal hazard index, absorbed dose rate, total Annual effective dose, excess lifetime cancer risk and gamma representative index were calculated. The purpose was to assess the radiological suitability of the use of the sediments as building material. The overall average values of the radiological indices were 35.35 Bqkg–1, 0.10, 0.13, 15.96 nGyh–1, 0.10 mSvy–1, 0.34 × 10–3 and 0.25, respectively, which are lower than their respective recommended worldwide limits. The results of the study have shown that the radiation hazard associated with the use of these sediments is insignificant and therefore can be used for building construction purposes without restriction.
Experiences of racism and subjective cognitive function in African American women

Introduction We hypothesized that frequent experiences of racism among African American women would adversely affect subjective cognitive function (SCF), based on the established association of psychological stress with memory decline. Methods We used multinomial logistic regression to quantify the association between experiences of racism and SCF, based on six questions, among 17,320 participants in the prospective Black Women's Health Study. Results The multivariable odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for poor compared to good SCF among women at the highest versus the lowest level of daily racism (eg, poorer service in stores) was 2.75 (2.34 to 3.23); for the same comparison among women at the highest level of institutional racism (eg, discriminated against in housing) relative to the lowest, the OR was 2.66 (2.24 to 3.15). The associations were mediated, in part, by depression and insomnia. Discussion Experiences of racism, a highly prevalent psychosocial stressor among African Americans, were associated with lower SCF.
Revision of the Early Permian Dissorophid ‘Dissorophus’ angustus (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea)

The temnospondyl ‘Dissorophus’ angustus from the lower Permian (Archer City Formation) of Texas is one of several neglected taxa assigned to Dissorophidae. It shares with other dissorophids the pre...
Greetings from the Editor.

Dear Journal of Women & Aging Readers and Contributors,I hope you and yours are all in good health. I was honored and humbled to take on the role of Editor for this meaningful Journal this past Feb...
The determinants of financial performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Badulla district

Small and Medium Enterprises are backbone of the economic growth in all countries. SMEs make up a large part of Sri Lanka's economy as well. There is limited information related to the relationship between socio-economic factors and the financial performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Badulla district. Therefore, the objective of this study is to attempt to investigate how for the determinants as socioeconomic factors influencing on the financial performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Badulla district. Simple random sampling method was applied to select 100 SMEs in Badulla district. The data were collected using structured questionnaires. Univariate and multiple regression analysis were employed in data analysis. Extents of the influence of Socio-Economic factors on SMEs were measured using two groups of variables Social and Economic factors such as Access to Infrastructure, Support of Family Members, Availability of Managerial Experience, Business Information Services (Social factors) and Access to Finance, Government Policy and Regulations, Macro-Economic Indicators (Economic factors). The results suggest that Social factors are found to have high influence on the performance compared to the Economic factors on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Badulla District. As personal factors, Age of the owner, investment level, experience and marital status of the owner are also having influence on the performance of SMEs Badulla District. It is recommended that the government should have attention to improve IT skills of SMEs owners because, of lack of IT skills of owners. To develop SMEs and improve their managerial skills, government should implement granting credit facilities, entrepreneurship training programs, counseling services and research and development in a spread and regular basis for Badulla District SMEs.
Geometrically Finite Groups

This chapter is an exploration of geometrically finite discrete subgroups of M; that is, groups that have (convex) fundamental polyhedra in ℍ3 with finitely many sides. One of our main objectives is to give a criterion for a group to be geometrically finite in terms of its action at the limit set; this criterion will then be used in Chapter VII to show that, under suitable conditions, the combination of two geometrically finite groups is again geometrically finite.
On The Picard Group of An Abelian Group Ring

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Picard group of an abelian group ring surveys results relating the Picard group of a ring A to that of the ring A (G) for G a free abelian monoid or group. Swan has shown that, if G is a free abelian monoid, then the factor group Pic (A [G])/Pic (A) vanishes only if A/(nil A) is a seminormal ring. Bass and Murthy have used an early version of this fact and the fundamental Mayer–Vietoris sequence of algebraic K-theory to compute this factor group under rather restrictive hypotheses.
On the relationship between speech and writing with implications for behavioral approaches to teaching literacy.

Two theories of the relationship between speech and writing are examined. One theory holds that writing is restricted to a one-way relationship with speech—a unidirectional influence from speech to writing. In this theory, writing is derived from speech and is simply a representation of speech. The other theory holds that additional, multidirectional influences are involved in the development of writing. The unidirectional theory focuses on correspondences between speech and writing while the multidirectional theory directs attention to the differences as well as the similarities between speech and writing. These theories have distinctive pedagogical implications. Although early behaviorism may be seen to have offered some support for the unidirectional theory, modern behavior analysis should be seen to support the multidirectional theory.