cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Bifurcated Theory of Law in Hybrid Societies

In recent years, development organizations have begun paying greater attention to non-state or informal justice systems. This essay compares the relative strengths and weaknesses of state legal systems and non-state systems in hybrid societies, where the state legal system has been transplanted from elsewhere and does not match prevailing social understandings. I use the jurisprudential contrast between legal justice and substantive justice to evaluate coexisting formal and informal legal regimes.As I show, hybrid societies manifest a twist in connection with the rule of law: informal substantive justice systems violate rule of law standards, but satisfy rule of law functions in relations between people; whereas, state legal systems might meet rule of law standards (when they work properly), but fail to satisfy rule of law functions in the relations between people. A mismatch between law and society is what produces this twist. This essay sketches a framework to help understand the unique legal challenges in these societies and how they can be met.
Comparison of Managerial Career Orientations

This study compared the Career Orientations of male and female managers. The findings suggest that women differ from men in their career perspectives. Women managers were much more inclined to be a...
Inhibition of Sulfapyridine by the Procaine in Chest Fluids after Procaine Anesthesia.

Summary1. The average concentration of procaine in pleural fluids removed with this anesthetic was 0.0002%. 2. Sulfapyridine in concentrations as high as 0.005% was inhibited by procaine in vitro. 3. Concentrations of urethane as high as 0.05% do not inhibit the action of sulfapyridine in vitro.
A Jnk–Rho–Actin remodeling positive feedback network directs Src-driven invasion

Current models of tumor cell invasion propose that oncogenic signaling converges upon key orchestrators of cytoskeletal dynamics, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk) and RhoGTPase family members; these signals dynamically direct Actin remodeling proteins (ARPs) to catalyze the cytoskeletal changes required for migration. Src is a key driver of tumor aggression, metastasis and patient mortality. To clarify how Src regulates Actin dynamics to promote invasive migration, we performed a genetic modifier screen in a Drosophila model of invasion. Nine genes linked to Actin dynamics were identified that mediate invasion in situ. We found that ARPs were required for many oncogenic effects of Src including Mmp1 expression and initiation of apoptosis. Surprisingly, they were also regulators of Jnk pathway activity: both Src and the small GTPase Rho1 activated Jnk in a manner dependent on ARPs during invasion. Our results suggest that ARPs are not simply downstream executors of signal transduction pathways. Rather, they participate in a positive feedback network involving canonical oncogenic signaling pathways that promote tumor invasion.
Immune response of rabbits to Streptococci grown in intraperitoneal diffusion chambers.

The pathogenesis of sequelae reactions of streptococcal diseases has been the subject of several recent reports (Markowitz and Lange, 1964; Kaplan, 1965; Kaplan and Espinosa, 1967; Zabriskie and Freimer, 1966). It has been suggested that the kidney localizes streptococcal products, resulting in an inflammatory response (Lipman, 1955). More recently, it has been proposed that the kidney and heart tissues share a common antigen with the group A beta hemolytic streptococci (Markowitz and Lange, 1964; Kaplan, 1963; Zabriskie et al, 1964). In acute glomerulonephritis the cross-reacting antigen is found in the membrane preparations of the glomeruli and streptococci (Markowitz and Lange, 1964). The cross-reacting antigen in the heart tissue has been identified with cell wall material of
STABILITY OF QUADRIPOD COVER LAYERS

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a four-year study of the stability of a prototype breakwater armor layer composed of 28-ton concrete quadripods The study was conducted by measuring the incident wave height and the quadripod movements during this period. The ultimate goal of this study is the verification of empirical breakwater design equations.
Comparison of four different domestic hepatitis A vaccines: two years follow-up study of a randomized controlled clinical trial in China

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity among an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine(HepA-I)and three kinds of live attenuated vaccines(HepA-L)that were used for the Expanded Plan Immunization in Chi- na.Methods A randomized,controlled,and double-blind clinical trial was conducted among healthy children aged 1.5-6years.A total of 924subjects were randomly divided into 5groups.Two groups were immunized with either one dose(group A1)or two-doses(group A2)of HepA-I.The other three groups were vaccinated with one dose of HepA-L from three different manufactures(groups B,C and D).Serum samples were col- lected at 12and 24months after vaccination for the evaluation of immune responses.This study focused on the 12and 24months serial serum results.Results The geometric mean concentration(GMC)of anti-HAV IgG in group A2was significantly higher than that in groups A1,B,C and D at 12-month(1261.5 vs 82.5,138.8,236.9and 176.4mIU/ml,respectively,P0.01).The GMC level at A1group was significantly lower than that in group C(82.5 vs 236.9 mIU/ml,P0.01).There were no significant differences of GMC levels among other groups.At 24-month,the GMC in group A2was still significantly higher than that in groups A1,B,C and D(662.6 vs 85.2,147.5,140.6,266.8mIU/ml,P0.01).The GMC level in group A1was significantly lower comparing to group D(85.2 vs 266.8mIU/ml,P0.01).However,at 12-month and 24-month,no significant differences were observed in the seroconversion rates among these five groups.Conclusions The best immune response was induced bytwo-dose HepA-I.
Posthysterectomy bleeding after ketorolac tromethamine and spinal anesthesia. A case report.

Background Ketorolac is a very useful medication in gynecologic surgery, providing pain relief and less narcotic use. This greatly shortens the recovery time and length of hospital stay. As with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatories, gynecologists are aware of the potential for bleeding problems from ketorolac, yet those bleeding complications have rarely been seen in gynecology and have not been previously reported in the gynecologic literature. A recent case demonstrates the serious complication that can occur when ketorolac inhibits platelet function postoperatively. Case A 36-year-old woman began bleeding intraabdominally shortly after an otherwise-unremarkable vaginal hysterectomy done under spinal anesthesia. Conclusion A literature review suggests that this complication is highly associated with nongeneral anesthesia surgery, such as spinal, epidural and conscious sedation. This fact, however, has not been published in the gynecologic literature and is not well known to gynecologists. Pending further elucidation of this problem, avoidance of ketorolac perioperatively with nongeneral anesthesia cases should be considered.
Presence of a nonsplenic platelet pool.

A nonsplenic platelet pool was noted in humans subjected to exercise and in rabbits and dogs subjected to epinephrine infusion. Following vigorous exercise, 10 normal subjects raised their platelet count 1.43-fold (p
Minding the Gap: Determining Interest Rates under the U.N. Convention for the International Sale of Goods

In Delchi Carrier, SpA v Rotorex Corp,2 a United States District Court respected this principle and added interest to damages awarded under a contract between a U.S. seller and an Italian buyer. The contract, however, did not specify an interest rate or a governing national law, nor did international law offer a solution. Thus, lacking a clear default rule, the court awarded the interest rate on U.S. Treasury bills.3 This lack of a default rule has important consequences for international trade. Default rules play an important role in contract law, lowering transaction costs because parties need not explicitly negotiate every aspect of a contract. Moreover, these rules give courts a predictable way to complete the contract when the parties, for whatever reason, leave out a term. In U.S. law, Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") provides an example of such gap-filling rules.4 In international law, the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods ("CISG") serves a gap-filling function comparable to the UCC. For traders whose places of business are located in CISG Member Nations,5 the treaty sets out broad, uni-
Complications of Therapy for Testicular Cancer

AbstractOf 244 patients with testis cancer seen between January 1970 and December 1987 (mean followup 70 months) 88 (36.1%) experienced 1 or more early complications (within 1 year), while 16 (6.6%) had a late (greater than 1 year) complication. Chemotherapy-related complications occurred in 55 of 141 patients (39%), including 6 (4.3%) treatment-related deaths. Chemotherapy-related complications were correlated to the initial extent of disease (p equals 0.021) and to more than 4 cycles of cisplatin-based therapy (p equals 0.001). Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy-related complications occurred in 48 of 148 patients (32.4%) without surgical mortality and were not statistically increased in those performed after chemotherapy. Kidney loss occurred in 6 patients (4.1%) after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Nine of 110 patients (8.2%) treated with radiotherapy experienced an early therapy-related complication, while late complications included 3 gastrointestinal strictures requiring surgical intervention 8 to 1...
High resolution spectroscopy of diatomic molecules

Two-color resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization is used to investigate the spectroscopy and decay dynamics of autoionizing states of diatomic molecules. Optical-optical double resonance excitation and optical-UV double resonance excitation are used to prepare selectively the excited states for study, and ion mass analysis, electron kinetic energy analysis, and/or fluorescence analysis are used to monitor the excited states and their decay products.
GRIM-19: A master regulator of cytokine induced tumor suppression, metastasis and energy metabolism

Cytokines induce cell proliferation or growth suppression depending on the context. It is increasingly becoming clear that success of standard radiotherapy and/or chemotherapeutics to eradicate solid tumors is dependent on IFN signaling. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of tumor growth suppression by a gene product isolated in our laboratory using a genome-wide expression knock-down strategy. Gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality -19 (GRIM-19) functions as non-canonical tumor suppressor by antagonizing oncoproteins. As a component of mitochondrial respiratory chain, GRIM-19 influences the degree of "Warburg effect" in cancer cells as many advanced and/or aggressive tumors show severely down-regulated GRIM-19 levels. In addition, GRIM-19 appears to regulate innate and acquired immune responses in mouse models. Thus, GRIM-19 is positioned at nodes that favor cell protection and/or prevent aberrant cell growth.
Transformation of marginal zone lymphoma (and association with other lymphomas)

Marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) are a diverse group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders that comprise three subtypes: nodal, splenic and mucosal associated marginal zone lymphomas (MALT). Histologic transformation (HT) to an aggressive lymphoma is a rare event that can occur in any subtype, and at lower frequency compared to other indolent non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) like follicular lymphoma. There are few data directly associated with risk and prognosis of transformation in MZL. However, recent advances in the understanding of molecular and genetic features of MALT have contributed to an evolving appreciation of HT in this disease. Optimal treatment of HT of MZL remains unknown. Much of the approach to managing transformed MZL is extrapolated from other indolent NHLs.
Description and Validation of a Computerized Behavioral Data Program: “BDataPro”

BDataPro is a Microsoft Windows®-based program that allows for real-time data collection of multiple frequency- and duration-based behaviors, summary of behavioral data (in terms of average responses per min, percentage of 10-s intervals, and cumulative responses within 10-s bins), and calculation of reliability coefficients. The current article describes the functionality of the program. BDataPro is freely available for download from the authors' institution websites.
Exploring the Realities of Interaction and Search Success

Investigating skilled and novice interactive searching in a menu-based environment, little or no significant difference was found between the two groups in the number of cycles, number of entries, or in the percent of positive interactive responses during a search session. Despite high percentages of appropriate entries in response to system results, only half the searchers were able to use iterative cycles to obtain additional useful information, although skilled searchers were more successful than novice searchers and interim successes were greater than final success. Whether these findings can be generalized to all searching situations or are particular to menu-based systems merits further investigation.
Treatment of refractory delayed onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia after thoracic endovascular aortic repair with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Delayed onset heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), is characterized by a late nadir due to persistent platelet-activating IgG antibodies. It typically begins or worsens 5 or more days after heparin is discontinued with complications such as thrombosis up to 3 weeks after exposure to heparin.1-3 In 50% of cases, the platelet count can decrease to very low numbers (<20 000/μL), which is not usual for typical HIT. Here we report 2 cases of post-operative delayed onset HIT manifesting as severe thrombocytopenia that persisted despite cessation of heparin and initiation of argatroban. Key Clinical Question: Is intravenous immunoglulin beneficial in severe refractory delayed-onset HIT?
I Have Always Been a Student: A Tale of Two Careers

I was among the people John Smart consulted in the early 1980s about his ideas for what became Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. I thought it was a great idea then, as I do now, to provide a source where scholars, administrators, and policy analysts can find a definitive review of the literature on a wide array of important topics in higher education. Because I strongly believe that higher education scholars and administrators should have some sense of their intellectual and professional heritage, I also thought it was a great idea when John started inviting some of our senior scholars to reflect on the origins and evolution of their careers.
Acute Brachial Radiculitis (Parsonage-Turner Syndrome)

Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), also known as neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), classically presents with extreme pain, followed by weakness, atrophy, and sensory abnormalities typically affecting the upper extremities. The etiology and pathophysiology of the disorder still remain unclear but may involve a combination of genetic predisposition, mechanical stressors, and immunological factors. Diagnosis is made clinically and often requires testing including electrodiagnostics in order to exclude other causes. Although prognosis has traditionally been thought of as positive, recent evidence has shown that recovery is usually slow and incomplete, occurring over a period of months to years. Many patients are left with residual pain and or deficits interfering with daily life as well as their ability to return to work. Treatment typically includes pain control as well as an outpatient therapy program. Some claim early corticosteroid therapy may be beneficial, but studies to prove its efficacy have been lacking.
Investigating the mechanisms of retinal degenerations with antisense oligonucleotides

Utilizing antisense oligonucleotides coupled with an intact Xenopus eye rudiment model, we have effectively demonstrated that we are able to downregulate the expression of a photoreceptor-specific protein, rds/peripherin, and generate a loss-of-function model upon which to further study the function of the rds/peripherin gene. The ultrastructure and protein expression patterns very closely resemble those previously documented in both the rds mouse and in human autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa due to peripherin/RDS mutations. An identical strategy can be applied to any gene correlated with a degenerative retinal phenotype. As the entire array of genes is revealed through the various genome projects, including human and mouse, it is becoming increasingly critical to evaluate and determine the function of the corresponding gene products. Discovering which gene is responsible for a particular clinical phenotype is only the first of many steps in the development of a treatment or cure for that particular disease. Using our in vitro model, in which the retina is readily accessible to the antisense oligonucleotide yet the normal three-dimensional ultrastructure of the retina is maintained, we can evaluate the function of virtually any gene as the sequence becomes available. A thorough understanding of the function of individual genes will provide insights on the role of gene product in retinal health and pathophysiology. This experimental approach will also allow for specific therapeutic interventions to be evaluated so that targeted treatments can be designed for individuals with specific genetic mutations.
Ehrenpreis and the Fundamental Principle

This chapter outlines the underpinnings and the proof of the Fundamental Principle of Leon Ehrenpreis, according to which every solution of a system (in general, overdetermined) of homogeneous partial differential equations with constant coefficients can be represented as the integral with respect to an appropriate Radon measure over the complex “characteristic variety” of the system.
Bringing Service Into Science: Community-Engaged Service-Learning for Undergraduate and Graduate Epidemiology Students:

Service-learning is an effective and important teaching pedagogy for public health students that bridges classroom learning with meaningful practice in an effort to meet a community’s needs. Underg...
Examination of Multicultural Coursework Across School Psychology Training Programs

The purpose of this study was to investigate the multicultural course requirements and courses for school psychology training programs. Data were collected for 332 programs across 240 college and university campuses within 47 states and the District of Columbia through publicly available program websites. Overall, 76% of programs offered at least one multicultural course and that 22% of programs offered a school psychology based course. Other course areas included counseling (19%), general psychology (25%), and education (10%). Specialist and master’s programs (29% and 31%, respectively) were most likely to have no courses offered or required, and doctoral programs were more likely to require at least one course (84%). On average 2.59 semester credit hours were offered (SD = 1.86; median = 3), where doctoral programs required more semester credit hours than specialist programs (Cohen’s d = 0.49). However, neither National Association of School Psychologists approval nor American Psychological Association accreditation was associated with significant differences in credit hours required. Implications for training are discussed.
Concise provenance of interactive network analysis

Abstract Large, complex networks are commonly found in many application domains, such as sociology, biology, and software engineering. Analyzing such networks can be a non-trivial task, as it often takes many interactions to derive a finding. It is thus beneficial to capture and summarize the important steps in an analysis. This provenance would then effectively support recalling, reusing, reproducing, and sharing the analysis process and results. However, the provenance of analyzing a large, complex network would often be a long interaction record. To automatically compose a concise visual summarization of network analysis provenance, we introduce a ranking model together with a reduction algorithm. The model identifies and orders important interactions used in the network analysis. Based on this model, our algorithm is able to minimize the provenance, while still preserving all the essential steps for recalling and sharing the analysis process and results. We create a prototype system demonstrating the effectiveness of our model and algorithm with two usage scenarios.
Variance Reduction in Neurosurgical Practice: The Case for Analytics-Driven Decision Support in the Era of Big Data.

Objective Variance between providers in neurosurgery can lead to inefficiencies and poor patient outcomes. Evidence-based guidelines (EBGs) have been developed; however, they have not been well implemented into the clinician workflow. Therefore, clinicians have been left to make decisions with incomplete information. Equally underused are the electronic health records (EHRs), which house enormous amounts of health data, but the power of that “big data” has failed to be capitalized on. Methods Early attempts at EBGs were rigid and nonadaptive; however, with the current advances in data informatics and machine learning algorithms, it is now possible to integrate “big data” and rapid data processing into clinical decision support tools. We have presented an overview of the background of EHRs and EBGs in neurosurgery and explored the possibility of integrating them to reduce unwanted variance. Results As we strive toward variance reduction in healthcare, the integration of “big data” and EBGs for decision-making will be key. We have proposed that EHRs are an ideal platform for integrating EBGs into the clinician workflow and have presented as an example of a successful early generation model, Neurocore. With this approach, it will be possible to build EBGs into the EHR software, to continuously update and optimize EBGs according to the flow of patient data into the EHR, and to present data-driven clinical decision support at the point of care. Conclusions Variance reduction in neurosurgery through the integration of evidence-based decision support in EHRs will lead to improved patient safety, a reduction in medical errors, maximization of the use of the available data, and enhanced decision-making power for clinicians.
SIA: Secure Intermittent Architecture for Off-the-Shelf Resource-Constrained Microcontrollers

Recent advancements in energy-harvesting techniques provide an alternative to batteries for resource-constrained IoT devices and lead to a new computing paradigm, the intermittent computing model. In this model, a software module continues its execution from where it left off when an energy shortage occurred. Enforcing security of an intermittent software module is challenging because its power-off state has to be protected from a malicious adversary in addition to its power-on state, while the security mechanisms put in place must have a low overhead on the performance, resource consumption, and cost of a device.In this paper, we propose SIA (Secure Intermittent Architecture), a security architecture for resource-constrained IoT devices. SIA leverages low-cost security features available in commercial off-the-shelf microcontrollers to protect both the power-on and power-off state of an intermittent software module. Therefore, SIA enables a host of secure intermittent computing applications such as self-attestation, remote attestation, and secure communication. Moreover, our architecture provides confidentiality and integrity guarantees to an intermittent computing module at no cost compared to previous approaches in the literature that impose significant overheads. The salient characteristic of SIA is that it does not require any hardware modifications, and hence, it can be directly applied to existing IoT devices.We implemented and evaluated SIA on a resource-constrained IoT device based on an MSP430 processor. Besides being secure, SIA is simple and efficient. We confirm the feasibility of SIA for resource-constrained IoT devices with experimental results of several intermittent computing applications. Our prototype implementation outperforms by two to three orders of magnitude the secure intermittent computing solution of Suslowicz et al. presented at IGSC 2018.
VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS AS A SAFETY CONCERN IN THE ELDERLY

Introduction Between 30 and 40 percent of community-dwelling- people over the age of 65 years, and 50 percent of those in long-term facilities, fall each year. Fall-related injuries are associated with significant subsequent morbidity: the decline in functional status, increased likelihood of nursing home placement, and greater use of medical services. Complications arising from falls are the leading cause of death from injury in the geriatric population as mortality is three times higher for seniors sustaining falls compared to the younger individuals. Falls in older individuals are most often due to multiple causes, including age-related declines in balance and gait, superimposed by acute illness, medication, and cognitive impairment. Gait physiology includes the presence of at least two out of three intact sensory systems (visual, vestibular and somatosensory). With a diminished proprioception response due to age-related decline, impairment in either visual or vestibular system compromises gait and balance. In addition, the annual incidence of falling is approximately twice as high for patients with cognitive impairment and dementia as it is for people with no cognitive impairment. In the elderly, visual hallucinations have been particularly associated with dementia, delirium, visual impairment, and social isolation. As for prevalence, estimates vary widely from 10 to 29% of the elderly outpatients experienced visual hallucinations. Current literature is lacking data regarding falls associated with visual hallucinations. Methods We present a case of an elderly female who was found on the ground status post fall out of her wheelchair while trying to run from new onset visual hallucinations that varied from two men to headless animals. Her initial assessment included delirium with possible underlying undiagnosed dementia (MOCA 20, MMSE 24/30), ruling out other causes of visual hallucinations including Lewy Body Dementia, Charles Bonnet and medication-induced psychosis. Results As with many new-onset psychotic symptoms, organic causes were ruled out with negative findings on CT Head, Xray of femur and hip. Dementia workup including EEG was completed with negative findings. She continued to experience vivid visual hallucinations of animals and children during her hospital stay. Conclusions Due to the limited research evaluating any causal relationships between visual hallucinations and falls in the geriatric population, further studies are recommended to assess the presence or absence of this causality. It is also crucial to screen for visual impairments, including visual hallucinations, in the high-risk geriatric population to minimize the fall risk and associated morbidity and mortality. Falls in older persons can occur commonly and are major factors threatening the independence of older individuals. This research was funded by: Funding Not applicable
“We have stories to share!”: Narratives of Identity and Perspectives of Japanese Descent Teachers in the USA

As the number of immigrant children entering school systems increases across the globe, preparing teachers to support these children and their families is of critical importance. How to support and bring strength to English language learners (ELLs) and immigrant children is a new subject among the scholarship of teacher education, due to the increasing numbers of immigrant children. There are unique complexities that educators need to consider, including: (a) their own cross/bicultural, bilingual identity development, (b) their interpersonal relationship building, and (c) their hybrid experiences in a culturally and linguistically unfamiliar environment with other children and teachers in a new country. In this study, we focus mainly on three teachers who are Japanese descent and their support of Japanese immigrant students. Findings from this study suggest that the three teachers used their funds of knowledge (Gonzalez, Moll, & Amanti, 2005) as immigrants and immigrant teachers to support their Japanese immigrant students in the following three categories: building interpersonal connections, cross-cultural mediation, and nurturing identity development in the context of hybridity and wholeness.
Developmental Personal Health Libraries: Supporting Independence through Design

This paper summarizes the findings of an ongoing qualitative study on information seeking and exchange among autistic individuals [1], and suggests considerations for development of a developmental personal health library (D-PHL). The D-PHL focuses on supporting gradual development of health literacy, health information & data literacy, and management skills for autistic individuals. Emergent themes included trustworthiness, flexibility in formatting, use of multimedia, multiple modes of communication, cost, and accommodations for special interests. The paper discusses design implications related to each theme.
Language impairment in adults with end-stage liver disease: application of natural language processing towards patient-generated health records.

End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is associated with cognitive impairment ranging from subtle alterations in attention to overt hepatic encephalopathy that resolves after transplant. Natural language processing (NLP) may provide a useful method to assess cognitive status in this population. We identified 81 liver transplant recipients with ESLD (4/2013–2/2018) who sent at least one patient-to-provider electronic message pre-transplant and post-transplant, and matched them 1:1 to “healthy” controls—who had similar disease, but had not been evaluated for liver transplant—by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and liver disease. Messages written by patients pre-transplant and post-transplant and controls was compared across 19 NLP measures using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. While there was no difference overall in word length, patients with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score (MELD) ≥ 30 (n = 31) had decreased word length in pre-transplant messages (3.95 [interquartile range (IQR) 3.79, 4.14]) compared to post-transplant (4.13 [3.96, 4.28], p = 0.01) and controls (4.2 [4.0, 4.4], p = 0.01); there was no difference between post-transplant and controls (p = 0.4). Patients with MELD ≥ 30 had fewer 6+ letter words in pre-transplant messages (19.5% [16.4, 25.9] compared to post-transplant (23.4% [20.0, 26.7] p = 0.02) and controls (25.0% [19.2, 29.4]; p = 0.01). Overall, patients had increased sentence length pre-transplant (12.0 [9.8, 13.7]) compared to post-transplant (11.0 [9.2, 13.3]; p = 0.046); the same was seen for MELD ≥ 30 (12.3 [9.8, 13.7] pre-transplant vs. 10.8 [9.6, 13.0] post-transplant; p = 0.050). Application of NLP to patient-generated messages identified language differences—longer sentences with shorter words—that resolved after transplant. NLP may provide opportunities to detect cognitive impairment in ESLD.
Effective MR Molecular Imaging of Triple Negative Breast Cancer With an EDB-Fibronectin-Specific Contrast Agent at Reduced Doses.

MR molecular imaging (MRMI) of abundant oncogenic biomarkers in tumor microenvironment has the potential to provide precision cancer imaging in high resolution. Extradomain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN) is an oncogenic extracellular matrix protein, highly expressed in aggressive triple negative breast cancer. A targeted macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) ZD2-N3-Gd(HP-DO3A) (MT218), specific to EDB-FN, was developed for MRMI of aggressive breast cancer. The effectiveness of different doses of MT218 for MRMI was tested in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T human triple negative breast cancer models. At clinical dose of 0.1 and subclinical dose of 0.04 mmol Gd/kg, MT218 rapidly bound to the extracellular matrix EDB-FN and produced robust tumor contrast enhancement in both the tumor models, as early as 1 min to 30 min post-injection. Substantial tumor enhancement was also observed in both the models with MT218 at doses as low as 0.02 mmol Gd/kg, which was significantly better than the clinical agent Gd(HP-DO3A) at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg. Little non-specific enhancement was observed in the normal tissues including liver, spleen, and brain for MT218 at all the tested doses, with renal clearance at 30 min. These results demonstrate that MRMI with reduced doses of MT218 is safe and effective for sensitive and specific imaging of aggressive breast cancers.
Testing Proximity of Genomic Regions to Transcription Start Sites and Enhancers Complements Gene Set Enrichment Testing

Large sets of genomic regions are generated by the initial analysis of various genome-wide sequencing data, such as ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq experiments. Gene set enrichment (GSE) methods are commonly employed to determine the pathways associated with them. Given the pathways and other gene sets (e.g., GO terms) of significance, it is of great interest to know the extent to which each is driven by binding near transcription start sites (TSS) or near enhancers. Currently, no tool performs such an analysis. Here, we present a method that addresses this question to complement GSE methods for genomic regions. Specifically, the new method tests whether the genomic regions in a gene set are significantly closer to a TSS (or to an enhancer) than expected by chance given the total list of genomic regions, using a non-parametric test. Combining the results from a GSE test with our novel method provides additional information regarding the mode of regulation of each pathway, and additional evidence that the pathway is truly enriched. We illustrate our new method with a large set of ENCODE ChIP-seq data, using the chipenrich Bioconductor package. The results show that our method is a powerful complementary approach to help researchers interpret large sets of genomic regions.
Blockchain-Based Secure and Privacy-Preserving Clinical Data Sharing and Integration

This paper is an exploration to securely integrate geo-scattered medical data silos and to provide privacy-preserving data sharing via blockchain and cryptography. We leverage broadcast encryption, key regression, data privacy classification, blockchain and smart contract holistically to address such a challenge. In our design, a patient’s medical records are divided into multiple parts with different sensitivities according to personal privacy requirements. Each part is encrypted with a symmetric encryption key and it is broadcast encrypted to a pre-defined user set. Data encryption keys are generated by a key regression scheme, where keys used to encrypt low-sensitivity data parts can be derived from keys used to encrypt high-sensitivity data parts. With such a mechanism, we can enforce strict access and privacy control on medical data. Furthermore, we use Ethereum blockchain to connect various institutions to provide efficient data sharing, and we design smart contracts to implement the business logic of medical data sharing.
Statistical optimality and stability of tangent transform algorithms in logit models

A systematic approach to finding variational approximation in an otherwise intractable non-conjugate model is to exploit the general principle of convex duality by minorizing the marginal likelihood that renders the problem tractable. While such approaches are popular in the context of variational inference in non-conjugate Bayesian models, theoretical guarantees on statistical optimality and algorithmic convergence are lacking. Focusing on logistic regression models, we provide mild conditions on the data generating process to derive non-asymptotic upper bounds to the risk incurred by the variational optima. We demonstrate that these assumptions can be completely relaxed if one considers a slight variation of the algorithm by raising the likelihood to a fractional power. Next, we utilize the theory of dynamical systems to provide convergence guarantees for such algorithms in logistic and multinomial logit regression. In particular, we establish local asymptotic stability of the algorithm without any assumptions on the data-generating process. We explore a special case involving a semi-orthogonal design under which a global convergence is obtained. The theory is further illustrated using several numerical studies.
Enhancing Multi-Robot Perception via Learned Data Association.

In this paper, we address the multi-robot collaborative perception problem, specifically in the context of multi-view infilling for distributed semantic segmentation. This setting entails several real-world challenges, especially those relating to unregistered multi-agent image data. Solutions must effectively leverage multiple, non-static, and intermittently-overlapping RGB perspectives. To this end, we propose the Multi-Agent Infilling Network: an extensible neural architecture that can be deployed (in a distributed manner) to each agent in a robotic swarm. Specifically, each robot is in charge of locally encoding and decoding visual information, and an extensible neural mechanism allows for an uncertainty-aware and context-based exchange of intermediate features. We demonstrate improved performance on a realistic multi-robot AirSim dataset.
A Thermodynamically Based Model for Oxalate Solubility in Bayer Liquor

Progress in developing a better understanding of sodium oxalate stability and crystallization behaviour is currently limited by inadequate oxalate solubility models. These models are inadequate because: • they are specific to one refinery and to a narrow set of conditions • they are empirically based and hence valid extrapolation is limited • the oxalate solubility measurements used to develop the models were inadequate.
Lipocalin-2 increases fat oxidation in vitro and is correlated with energy expenditure in normal weight but not obese women.

Objective The role of lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) was determined in regulating metabolism in cell, animal, and human models. Design and Methods Adipocytes were treated with recombinant lipocalin-2 (rLcn2) to determine the effect on lipid metabolism. rLcn2 was injected into mice to determine the effect on metabolism in vivo. To assess the relationship between Lcn2 and fat oxidation (FatOx) in humans, normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) women were given three separate high fat (HF) meals followed by indirect calorimetry. The relationship between postprandial Lcn2 with macronutrient metabolism and total energy expenditure (TEE) using Pearson correlations was determined. Results Lcn2 increased expression of genes involved in β-oxidation including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ in adipocytes, as well as 3H labeled oleate β-oxidation. Lcn2 injected into chow-fed mice directly increased TEE by 18% after the first dark cycle (232 ± 1.4 cal vs. 341 ± 1.4 cal; PBS vs. Lcn2) and remained significantly elevated by 10% after the second dark cycle (296 ± 1.4 cal vs. 326 ± 1.4 cal; PBS vs. Lcn2). Lcn2 was correlated with TEE in all three HF meal challenges in NW but not OB females. Conclusions Lipocalin-2 is a novel adipokine that promotes FatOx and TEE and its function may be impaired in obesity.
Germline polymorphisms in SIPA1 are associated with metastasis and other indicators of poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Introduction There is growing evidence that heritable genetic variation modulates metastatic efficiency. Our previous work using a mouse mammary tumor model has shown that metastatic efficiency is modulated by the GTPase-activating protein encoded by Sipa1 ('signal-induced proliferation-associated gene 1'). The aim of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the human SIPA1 gene are associated with metastasis and other disease characteristics in breast cancer.
High-spin Mn–oxo complexes and their relevance to the oxygen-evolving complex within photosystem II

The structural and electronic properties of a series of manganese complexes with terminal oxido ligands are described. The complexes span three different oxidation states at the manganese center (III–V), have similar molecular structures, and contain intramolecular hydrogen-bonding networks surrounding the Mn–oxo unit. Structural studies using X-ray absorption methods indicated that each complex is mononuclear and that oxidation occurs at the manganese centers, which is also supported by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. This gives a high-spin MnV–oxo complex and not a MnIV–oxy radical as the most oxidized species. In addition, the EPR findings demonstrated that the Fermi contact term could experimentally substantiate the oxidation states at the manganese centers and the covalency in the metal–ligand bonding. Oxygen-17–labeled samples were used to determine spin density within the Mn–oxo unit, with the greatest delocalization occurring within the MnV–oxo species (0.45 spins on the oxido ligand). The experimental results coupled with density functional theory studies show a large amount of covalency within the Mn–oxo bonds. Finally, these results are examined within the context of possible mechanisms associated with photosynthetic water oxidation; specifically, the possible identity of the proposed high valent Mn–oxo species that is postulated to form during turnover is discussed.
Pharmacology and clinical efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers

The treatment of hypertension has become increasingly refined during the past decade. Although a variety of antihypertensive medication classes exist, drugs that interrupt the renin-angiotensin axis have gained a favored position in the treatment of hypertension and its attendant end-organ complications. In this regard, two drug classes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, are most commonly used. Angiotensin receptor blockers have proven highly effective in the management of hypertension. This class is fairly heterogeneous with individual class members having somewhat distinctive pharmacologic properties. Eprosartan is a recent entry into this class. This compound compares favorably to others in this class relative to blood pressure reduction. In addition, preliminary studies indicate that this compound may uniquely interrupt the sympathetic nervous system and thereby preferentially reduce systolic blood pressure.
Rules governing the verbal expression of emotions between married couples

On the basis of a face‐needs model, the present study predicted that the disclosure of some emotions would be valued over others. Data from 20 married couples were used to test the model. The study examined four types of emotions (pleasant, vulnerable, hostile, and regret) and two sources of emotions (one's spouse and others outside the marriage). In particular, it investigated the frequency with which these emotions are reportedly felt, disclosed, and valued, and the frequency with which these emotions are actually disclosed. Face‐honoring, face‐compensating, and face‐neutral emotions were disclosed more frequently and preferred more than face‐threatening disclosures. Comparisons were also made between husbands and wives. Overall husbands and wives did not differ in their actual disclosure of emotions, but wives reported that they disclose more emotions and that they value the disclosure of emotions more than husbands.
Three novel families of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements are associated with genes of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Three novel families of transposable elements, Wukong, Wujin, and Wuneng, are described in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Their copy numbers range from 2,100 to 3,000 per haploid genome. There are high degrees of sequence similarity within each family, and many structural but not sequence similarities between families. The common structural characteristics include small size, no coding potential, terminal inverted repeats, potential to form a stable secondary structure, A+T richness, and putative 2- to 4-bp A+T-biased specific target sites. Evidence of previous mobility is presented for the Wukong elements. Elements of these three families are associated with 7 of 16 fully or partially sequenced Ae. aegypti genes. Characteristics of these mosquito elements indicate strong similarities to the miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) recently found to be associated with plant genes. MITE-like elements have also been reported in two species of Xenopus and in Homo sapiens. This characterization of multiple families of highly repetitive MITE-like elements in an invertebrate extends the range of these elements in eukaryotic genomes. A hypothesis is presented relating genome size and organization to the presence of highly reiterated MITE families. The association of MITE-like elements with Ae. aegypti genes shows the same bias toward noncoding regions as in plants. This association has potentially important implications for the evolution of gene regulation.
Constraints on yield strength in the oceanic lithosphere derived from observations of flexure

Summary. The wavelength and amplitude of outer rises seaward of sub-duction zones and arches surrounding islands and seamounts are used to parameterize flexure profiles in terms of the moment and curvature at the first zero crossing. The data show the clear age dependence in the mechanical thickness of the lithosphere up to 60–100Myr. Saturation of moment at large curvature is interpreted in terms of a depth-dependent yield strength for the lithosphere using relations adopted from laboratory experiments of rock deformation. A comparison of theoretical curves with observed moments indicates that old oceanic lithosphere has no long-term strength below about 40 km depth, with no difference between 100 and 165 Myr old crust. Moderate axial loading forces (±200 MPa) can explain most variations in the moment/curvature observations, except in the case of the Kuril Trench which appears anomalous given the age of the crust. Regional tension causes greater variability in moment as compared to regional compression because of the greater slope in the brittle failure envelope under tension. The observations point to a lithosphere weaker than the prediction from experimental deformation of rocks. Of the possible weakening mechanisms, elevated pore-fluid pressure on faults does not predict the correct age dependence and is incompatible with earthquake focal mechanisms. Our favoured explanation is that the activation energy, Q, appropriate for ductile flow at geological strain rates is lower than the values derived from laboratory extrapolations of dry olivine data taken at high temperatures. If recent oceanic geotherms are reliable, Q in the lower lithosphere must be lower than 100kcal mol−1. The method used here is most appropriate for trench profiles with curvatures greater than 10−7m−1. For lower curvatures, such as along seamount profiles, small errors in the curvature estimate cause large changes in rheological parameters.