cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the tenth ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks---HotNets X. As with previous instances of this workshop, the goal has been to provide a venue for publication and discussion of early-stage, provocative research. We received 119 submissions and accepted 24 papers. The accepted papers cover topics ranging from novel network architectures to wireless networks, data center networks, energy, privacy and security issues. Like many conferences, we adopted a 2-round review process. Our program committee wrote over 450 reviews to ensure every paper received at least 3 reviews, with a little more than half the papers proceeding to the second round and receiving at least 2 additional reviews. Nearly 60 papers were discussed in the full-day PC meeting. We aimed to ensure that highly innovative work would be accepted even if not quite "fully baked", and encourage papers that identify fundamental open questions, or offer a constructive critique of the state of networking research. In achieving this goal, we were helped by the high quality of submissions, and the incredibly thorough reviews and positive discussions during the PC meeting. While there were papers that produced divided opinions among the PC, we were able to converge and achieve consensus on the accepted papers in a constructive manner.
Abstract 135: Urban-Rural Differences in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in the United States in 2010-2015

Background: While there has been an overall decline in CHD (coronary heart disease) mortality rates in the U.S., recent studies show the decline is slower in rural areas, where in some cases mortal...
Characterization of C. difficile strains isolated from companion animals and the associated changes in the host fecal microbiota

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile is an enteric pathogen historically known to cause hospital associated (HA)-infections in humans. A major risk factor for CDI in humans is antibiotic usage as it alters the gut microbiota and there is a loss of colonization resistance against C. difficile. In recent years there has been an increase in community associated (CA)-C. difficile infection that does not have the same risk factors as HA-CDI. Potential sources of CA-CDI have been proposed and include animals, food, water, and the environment, however these sources remain poorly investigated. Here, we define the prevalence of C. difficile strains found in different companion animals (canines, felines, and equines) to investigate a potential zoonotic link. C. difficile strains were identified by toxin gene profiling, fluorescent PCR ribotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 16s rRNA gene sequencing was done on animal feces to investigate the relationship between the presence of C. difficile and the gut microbiota in different hosts. Results Here, we show that C. difficile was recovered from 20.9% of samples (42/201), which included 33 canines, 2 felines, and 7 equines. Over 69% (29/42) of the isolates were toxigenic and belonged to 14 different ribotypes, with overlap between HA- and CA-CDI cases in humans. The presence of C. difficile results in a shift in the fecal microbial community structure in both canines and equines. Commensal Clostridia C. hiranonis was negatively associated with C. difficile in canines. Further experimentation showed a clear antagonistic relationship between the two strains in vitro, suggesting that commensal Clostridia might play a role in colonization resistance against C. difficile in different hosts. Conclusions In this study we investigated a potentially important source of C. difficile transmission: the companion animal population. C. difficile carriage was common in dogs, cats, and horses. C. difficile isolates from companion animals included many of the same ribotypes known to cause HA- and CA-CDI in humans, and had similar antimicrobial resistance profiles as those isolated from human populations. These data contribute to our understanding of non-hospital exposure to C. difficile in the human population and suggest new avenues for reducing C. difficile prevalence in companion animals and, perhaps, thereby reducing CA-CDI in humans.
A Framework for Considering Climate Change Impacts in Project Selection for Deepwater Horizon Restoration Efforts

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill resulted in extensive damage to the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Resulting fines and penalties have triggered one of the largest ecological restoration efforts in U.S. history. Nearly $20 Billion in funding from oil spill-related claims and settlements will be available in the coming years for environmental restoration and economic recovery. At the same time, climate change is also impacting ecosystem form and function in the Gulf region, which could undermine the long-term sustainability of projects by limiting their useful life or impeding anticipated benefits over time (e.g., ecosystem services, flood protection). These challenges can be considered and addressed in project planning, selection and adaptive management phases of restoration. If decision-makers do not consider the longevity of projects in the face of climate-related stressors, in 30 to 50 years there could be very little to show for a $20 Billion investment, with the Gulf ecosystem still in need of extensive restoration but without the monetary resources to accomplish restoration goals and mitigate climate-related impacts. This paper provides a framework for decision makers to consider how to incorporate climate change considerations for wetland restoration activities related to the DWH spill.
Phonetic representations in a generative grammar

Within the context of a grammar containing both phonological and phonetic rules, three kinds of representation all qualify as “ phonetic”. One is the categorical output of the phonology. The others are two forms of output of the quantitative phonetics: articulatory and acoustic. These representations are discussed and exemplified primarily with respect to laryngeal features for consonants.
Metal-Free Deep Eutectic Solvents: Preparation, Physical Properties, and Significance

In the past decade, reports detailing the preparation, characterization, and application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have grown in number significantly, showing signs of increased interest and...
Sociale besmetting en zelfverwonding

Het onderwerp sociale besmetting bij zelfverwonding heeft een lange geschiedenis die in kaart is gebracht door Ross en McKay (1979); Walsh en Rosen (1988); Favazza (1996); Taiminen et al. (1998); Faber (2000); Nock (2008) en Walsh en Doerfler (2009). Rosen en ik definieren ‘besmetting bij zelfverwonding’ op twee manieren: (1) wanneer zelfverwondende handelingen plaatsvinden binnen een periode van 24 uur bij twee of meer personen uit dezelfde groep plaatsvinden (Rosen en Walsh 1989) en (2) wanneer zelfverwondende handelingen plaatsvinden in een groep in statistisch significante clusters of uitbarstingen (Walsh en Rosen 1985). Deze twee definities benadrukken verschillende aspecten en zijn niet onverenigbaar.
Risk factors for spinal cord injury and complications of cerebrospinal fluid drainage in patients undergoing fenestrated and branched endovascular aneurysm repair.

Abstract Objective Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most devastating complications of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) is routinely used to prevent and treat SCI during open TAAA repair. However, the risks and benefits of CSFD during fenestrated-branched endovascular aneurysm repair (F-BEVAR) are unclear. This study aims to determine the risk of SCI after F-BEVAR and to assess the risks and benefits of CSFD. Methods We analyzed 106 consecutive patients with TAAAs treated with F-BEVAR from 2014-2019 in a prospective physician-sponsored investigational device exemption study (G130193) registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02323581). Data were collected prospectively and audited by an independent external monitor. All patients were treated with Cook manufactured patient-specific F-BEVAR devices or the Cook t-Branch devices. CSFD was used at the discretion of the principal investigator. Risk factors for SCI were identified and CSFD complications were assessed. Results Prophylactic CSFD was utilized in 78 patients (73.6%) and 28 patients (26.4%) underwent F-BEVAR without CSFD. Four patients (3.8%) with prophylactic CSFD developed SCI, including 2 patients (1.9%) with permanent paraplegia (Tarlov Grade 1-2) and 2 patients (1.9%) with paraparesis (Tarlov Grade 3). Multivariate analysis revealed that greater extent of thoracic aortic coverage (P=0.02, OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.11) and intraoperative blood loss (IBL) (P=0.04 , OR 1.00, 95%CI 1.00-1.002) were the significant risk factors for SCI. Six patients (7.6%; 6/78) experienced major CSFD-related complications including: subarachnoid hemorrhage in 2.6% ( 2 ), spinal hematoma in 2.6% ( 2 ), cerebellar hemorrhage in 1.3% ( 1 ) , and spinal drain fracture requiring surgical laminectomy in 1.3% ( 1 ). Minor CSFD-related complications occurred in 20 patients (25.6%; 20/78), including: paresthesia during CSFD insertion ( 10 ), minimal bloody CSF ( 7 ), drain malfunction ( 2 ), and reflex hypotension ( 1 ). Technical difficulties during CSFD catheter placement were noted in 7 patients (9.0%). Excluding 4 patients with SCI, ICU length of stay (LOS) was 3.3±4.0 days in CSFD group versus 1.2±0.9 days in No-CSFD group (P=0.007). Total hospital LOS was 6.0±4.9 days in CSFD group versus 3.5±1.9 days in No-CSFD group (P=0.01). Conclusion The incidence of SCI after F-BEVAR with selective CSFD was low and risk factors for SCI were greater extent of thoracic aortic coverage and IBL. However, the incidence of major CSFD-related complications exceeded the incidence of SCI and CSFD significantly increased both ICU and total hospital LOS. Therefore, routine prophylactic CSFD may not be justified and a prospective randomized trial of CSFD in patients undergoing F-BEVAR seems appropriate.
Viral Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was first discovered on aboriginal Australians in 1963. Epidemiological studies soon recognized that HBV is a global chronic liver disease, with the highest prevalence rates in Asia and Africa. HBV is highly infectious, and in most cases transmitted from family members. Infections acquired during the perinatal period have a 90% chance of progressing to persistent HBV infection. This rate decreases to 2.3% when infection occurs at college student age. The persistent HBV infection starts with the immune tolerance phase when our immune system may recognize HBV antigens, but does not produce significant inflammation. An immune clearance reaction may develop to terminate HBV replication two to four decades later. When this immune clearance reaction successfully suppresses HBV replication, HBsAg carriers may progress to the residual phase. About 50% of HBsAg carriers ultimately clear HBsAg at age 80. Those patients unable to clear HBV replication smoothly have increased risk of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Current therapies decrease hepatic decompensation and increase survival rate. However, the sustained virologic response rate is lower than 40%. About 50% of patients experience a clinical flare within one year after therapy ends. Further studies will be needed to improve sustained virologic response rate.
Zero-TE MRI: Potential Applications in the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx.

ABSTRACT Zero-echo time (ZTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the newest in a family of MRI pulse sequences that involve ultrafast sequence readouts, permitting visualization of short-T2 tissues such as cortical bone. Inherent sequence properties enable rapid, high-resolution, quiet, and artifact-resistant imaging. ZTE can be performed as part of a "one-stop-shop" MRI examination for comprehensive evaluation of head and neck pathology. As a potential alternative to computed tomography for bone imaging, this approach could help reduce patient exposure to ionizing radiation and improve radiology resource utilization. Because ZTE is not yet widely used clinically, it is important to understand the technical limitations and pitfalls for diagnosis. Imaging cases are presented to demonstrate potential applications of ZTE for imaging of oral cavity, oropharynx, and jaw anatomy and pathology in adult and pediatric patients. Emerging studies indicate promise for future clinical implementation based on synthetic computed tomography image generation, 3D printing, and interventional applications.
Semi-Automated Graphical System for Calculating Pulmonary Vascular Impedances in a Clinical Setting

Goal: Create a semi-automated, graphical, stand-alone application that uses clinically available asynchronous pressure and Doppler velocity captures to rapidly calculate, display, and interpret the pulmonary vascular impedance (PVZ) spectra. Methods: MATLAB-based software was written to analyze PVZ by creating a composite PVZ (cPVZ) spectra comprised of asynchronous screen captures of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial pulsed-wave Doppler velocity waveforms obtained during standard of care procedures. The pressure waveform, Doppler frequency envelopes, and ECG signals were re-digitized via automated border detection. cPVZ of averaged representative beats was calculated in the frequency domain via Fast Fourier Transform, and plotted vs harmonic z. Results: Successful generation of impedance spectra (PVZ(z)), where z is the harmonic, and additional parameters for characteristic impedance (Zc) and stiffness (Zs) were calculated as the mean of PVZ(2-4), and the sum of PVZ (1, 2), respectively. Conclusions: A graphically driven analysis of PVZ, calculated from standard of care right heart catheterization and echocardiography is possible. This system can help characterize both the steady and pulsatile components of right ventricular (RV) afterload in the clinical setting.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Cerebral Palsy: A Matched Comparison of 90-Day Adverse Events and 5-Year Implant Survival.

Abstract Background People with cerebral palsy (CP) may be considered for total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, short- and long-term outcomes after THA in this population remain poorly characterized. Methods Data from patients undergoing THA were abstracted from the 2010-2018 PearlDiver Mariner administrative database. Those with CP were matched to those without CP based on demographic and comorbid factors (1:4 matching). Ninety-day incidence of postoperative complications and hospital readmission was identified and compared. Five-year implant survival (based on need for revision) was also assessed and compared. Perioperative adverse events were then compared using multivariate logistic regression to adjust for any potential residual differences in demographic and comorbid factors after matching. Implant survival over time was compared with Kaplan-Meier plots with a log-rank test. Significance was set at P Results In total, 864 patients with CP were matched to 3448 patients without CP. After adjusting for differences in demographics and comorbidities, multivariate analyses demonstrated patients with CP had higher odds of urinary tract infection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42, P = .007), pneumonia (OR = 3.77, P = .001), and periprosthetic fracture (OR = 2.55, P = .001). Rates of the other studied adverse events, including readmissions, were not significantly different between groups. At five years, 94.2% of the CP cohort and 95.2% of the non-CP cohort THAs remained unrevised (no difference by log rank, P = .195). Conclusion Compared with patients without CP, patients with CP undergoing THA were found to have higher odds of perioperative urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and periprosthetic fracture but not other perioperative complications or difference in five-year implant survival.
Analysis on Low Secondary Voltage of a 220kV bus CVT

This paper summarized the defects of a 220kV busbar capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) whose secondary voltage was too low. The technical parameters and working principle of the capacitive voltage transformer were introduced. Through infrared temperature measurement, power failure diagnostic test and disintegration inspection, the causes of such problems as the low secondary voltage of the 220kV busbar capacitive voltage transformer, the excessive moisture of the transformer oil, the reduced insulation resistance of the primary and secondary windings and the large C 2 dielectric loss were analyzed, and the suggestions were put forward for the operation maintenance and defect elimination of the capacitive voltage transformer. The analysis results are of great significance to the safe and stable operation of this type of capacitive voltage transformer.
Shaky ladders, hyperplane-defined functions and genetic algorithms: systematic controlled observation in dynamic environments

Though recently there has been interest in examining genetic algorithms (GAs) in dynamic environments, work still needs to be done in investigating the fundamental behavior of these algorithms in changing environments. When researching the GA in static environments, it has been useful to use test suites of functions that are designed for the GA so that the performance can be observed under systematic controlled conditions. One example of these suites is the hyperplane-defined functions (hdfs) designed by Holland [1]. We have created an extension of these functions, specifically designed for dynamic environments, which we call the shaky ladder functions. In this paper, we examine the qualities of this suite that facilitate its use in examining the GA in dynamic environments, describe the construction of these functions and present some preliminary results of a GA operating on these functions.
Vegetable Oils as a Potential Alternate Fuel in Direct Injection Diesel Engines

Laboratory endurance tests were performed on a direct injected, turbocharged, and intercooled diesel engine. A 25/75 blend (v/v) of alkali refined sunflower oil with diesel fuel and a 25/75 blend (v/v) of high oleic safflower oil and diesel fuel were tested. For comparison prior to the tests with the experimental fuels, a baseline endurance run with Phillips D2 Reference Fuel was carried out. The major problems experienced while operating on the 25/75 blend of alkali-refined sunflower oil and diesel fuel were premature injection nozzle performance deterioration and heavier carbonaceous buildup in the compression ring grooves and on the piston lands. There were no significant problems with engine operation when using the 25/75 blend of high oleic safflower oil and diesel fuel. Based on the results of this investigation, the 25-75 blend of high oleic safflower oil with diesel fuel is a very promising candidate as an alternate fuel. This investigation provides evidence that chemical differences between the vegetable oils have a very important influence on long term engine performance. In the tested fuel viscosity range it appears that the chemical properties rather than fuel viscosity is the major factor which determines engine performance deterioration while using vegetable oil fuels.
A Parallel, Object-Oriented Implementation of the Dynamic Recursion Method

We present the first parallel, object-oriented C++ implementation of the dynamic recursion method. The recursion method is a means to tridiagonalize sparse matrices efficiently and is useful for a wide number of problems in physics. Dynamic recursion describes an optimization of the standard recursion method by operating only with a dynamically varying subset of basis vectors--reducing memory needs and allowing the computation of very large systems. We show how a graph-based data structure permits storing and multiplying sparse matrices and vectors efficiently. We use a tree structure to cope with the dynamically changing basis set, manifested by perpetual creation and elimination of vector components and matrix elements. A "workpile" approach is employed to allow thread-based parallel execution. Systems with up to 107 matrix elements have been simulated with the current implementation and the Anderson metal-insulator transition has been studied as a test-bed project.
Building E-Loyalty of Lodging Brands

SUMMARY In the early days of the Internet, lodging Websites used the principle of “if we build it they will come.” However, with the proliferation and growth of travel Websites and consumers' willingness to book hotel arrangements online, hotel-owned Websites are not capturing the same share of room bookings as achieved through offline distribution channels. Using proprietary Websites to attract, satisfy, and ultimately retain loyal e-consumers will become more critical in maintaining a competitive advantage in a marketplace being dominated by online travel agencies. This paper describes the importance of building e-consumer's loyalty through the proprietary Websites of lodging brands. This paper explores hotel-owned Websites' search engine exposure and salient factors that should be considered by the developers of hotel-owned Websites to positively impact e-loyalty of e-consumers. A framework for future empirical exploration is proffered.
Game Theoretic Methods for the Smart Grid

The future smart grid is envisioned as a large-scale cyber-physical system encompassing advanced power, communications, control, and computing technologies. In order to accommodate these technologies, it will have to build on solid mathematical tools that can ensure an efficient and robust operation of such heterogeneous and large-scale cyber-physical systems. In this context, this paper is an overview on the potential of applying game theory for addressing relevant and timely open problems in three emerging areas that pertain to the smart grid: micro-grid systems, demand-side management, and communications. In each area, the state-of-the-art contributions are gathered and a systematic treatment, using game theory, of some of the most relevant problems for future power systems is provided. Future opportunities for adopting game theoretic methodologies in the transition from legacy systems toward smart and intelligent grids are also discussed. In a nutshell, this article provides a comprehensive account of the application of game theory in smart grid systems tailored to the interdisciplinary characteristics of these systems that integrate components from power systems, networking, communications, and control.
quFiles: a unifying abstraction for mobile data management

We introduce a unifying file system abstraction, called a quFile, that provides a new mechanism for implementing mobile data management policies. quFiles allow arbitrary data types to be bundled together without confusing the user. Similar to a quBit (quantum bit), the particular data displayed by a quFile is not determined until the moment it is observed. A quFile displays the appropriate data type and version depending upon an application-specific policy that can take any information into account, such as the platform, external devices, context, connectivity, or battery power. We first describe what the quFile mechanism provides to applications and mobile devices. We then discuss how quFiles can benefit mobile data management in the areas of resource management, extensibility, and data consistency and availability.
Surface activity of sucrose palmitates

Interfacial tension data are presented for cotton-seed oil-water and paraffin oil-water systems containing purified sucrose palmitates of different degrees of acylation. Both the monopalmitates and diplamitates effectively reduced interfacial tension. To be effective, the monoesters had to be dissolved in water, the diesters in oil. Although nearly inactive alone, sucrose tripalmitate was active in mixtures with the mono-and dipalmitates. Efficiencies of the sucrose palmitates were also excellent. In general, mixtures of sucrose palmitates were as effective as the most active component. When dissolved in water, the efficiency of sucrose palmitate mixtures was proportional to the monoester content, but when dissolved in oil mono-, di-, and triesters contributed to the efficiency.
Genes for Leaf Rust Resistance in Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivars and Parental Lines

Knowledge of the genes for resistance to leat rust caused by Puccinia recondita Roberge es Desmaz. t. sp. tritici present in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines is useful in developing resistant cultivars, intimating potential disease loss, and determining pathogen over-wintering. The objective of this study was to postulate the known Lr genes conferring low seedling reaction in 10 cultivars and 56 hard red winter wheat breeding lines from nine winter wheat breeding programs. Entries were inoculated with 17 isolates of P. r. f. sp. tritici previously characterized for avirulence/virulence to 16 Lr genes
Analysis of thermoelectric materials for the high temperature direct conversion of nuclear energy

Abstract High temperature thermoelectric materials show great promise for the direct conversion of nuclear energy to electricity. There are several basic reasons for this promise. An analytical technique is presented which may be used to predict and select high temperature thermoelectric materials, utilizing basic information on chemical compounds in their family groupings. This technique is demonstrated, and proposed materials are analytically evaluated for conversion efficiency and nuclear system compatibility. The predicted range of conversion efficiencies is competitive with or superior to present techniques of nuclear energy conversion. High temperature thermoelectric materials are expected to be superior to conventional thermoelectric materials because of radiation effects annealing as well as higher conversion efficiency.
GAMMA-RAY BURST AT THE EXTREME : THE NAKED-EYE BURST GRB 080319B

On 2008 March 19, the northern sky was the stage of a spectacular optical transient that for a few seconds remained visible to the naked eye. The transient was associated with GRB 080319B, a gamma-ray burst (GRB) at a luminosity distance of about 6 Gpc (standard cosmology), making it the most luminous optical object ever recorded by humankind. We present comprehensive sky monitoring and multicolor optical follow-up observations of GRB 080319B collected by the RAPTOR telescope network covering the development of the explosion and the afterglow before, during, and after the burst. The extremely bright prompt optical emission revealed features that are normally not detectable. The optical and gamma-ray variability during the explosion are correlated, but the optical flux is much greater than can be reconciled with single-emission mechanism and a flat gamma-ray spectrum. This extreme optical behavior is best understood as synchrotron self-Compton model (SSC). After a gradual onset of the gamma-ray emission, there is an abrupt rise of the prompt optical flux, suggesting that variable self-absorption dominates the early optical light curve. Our simultaneous multicolor optical light curves following the flash show spectral evolution consistent with a rapidly decaying red component due to large-angle emission and the emergence of a blue forward-shock component from interaction with the surrounding environment. While providing little support for the reverse shock that dominates the early afterglow, these observations strengthen the case for the universal role of the SSC mechanism in generating GRBs.
Simultaneous Bactericidal and Osteogenic Effect of Nanoparticulate Calcium Phosphate Powders Loaded with Clindamycin on Osteoblasts Infected with Staphylococcus Aureus

Staphylococcus aureus internalized by bone cells and shielded from the immune system provides a reservoir of bacteria in recurring osteomyelitis. Its targeting by the antibiotic therapy may thus be more relevant for treating chronic bone infection than eliminating only the pathogens colonizing the bone matrix. Assessed was the combined osteogenic and antibacterial effect of clindamycin-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles of different monophasic compositions on co-cultures comprising osteoblasts infected with S. aureus. Antibiotic-carrying particles were internalized by osteoblasts and minimized the concentration of intracellular bacteria. In vitro treatments of the infected cells, however, could not prevent cell necrosis due to the formation of toxic byproducts of the degradation of the bacterium. Antibiotic-loaded particles had a positive morphological effect on osteoblasts per se, without reducing their viability, alongside stimulating the upregulation of expression of different bone growth markers in infected osteoblasts to a higher degree than achieved during the treatment with antibiotic only.
ADHD and Conduct Disorder: An MRI Study in a Community Sample

MRI studies of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have consistently attributed core deficits of inattention and impulsivity to frontal-striatal-cerebellar abnormalities; however, no study has investigated the neuroanatomical characteristics of children with ADHD and Conduct Disorder (CD). This study examined a community sample of 12 children with combined subtype ADHD (aged 8-12, 7 with CD) and 19 healthy controls matched for age, gender, handedness and poverty. Volume measurements, including left/right asymmetries, were quantified from MRI of the total brain, caudate and cerebellar vermis. No significant differences in total brain volume, caudate volume, asymmetry of the hemispheres or asymmetry of the caudate were found between the groups. Measurements of the left and total posterior superior and inferior lobes of the vermis, however, indicated smaller volumes for both pure ADHD and co-morbid children compared to the controls. Analysis of variance demonstrated no significant volumetric differences between the pure ADHD and co-morbid types. Prolonged exposure to methylphenidate was associated with caudate volumes. These results suggest ADHD and ADHD co-morbid with CD have similar deviant cerebellar morphology and replicate previous studies with an epidemiologically derived sample.
Quality of text recall as a function of children's classroom competence

Abstract This study demonstrated that the manner in which children, as students, chose to devise their recall was a function of the type of response register they maintained with their teachers. Students (mean C.A. = 10.4 years) who used an Imitative Response Register recalled significantly more referential propositions than students using either a Contingent or Noncontingent Response Register. In this sense, students employing an Imitative Response Register were more likely to reproduce text than the other Register Groups. Students (mean C.A. = 10.3 years) who used a Noncontingent Response Register recalled significantly more pragmatic inference propositions, i.e., either elaboration or distortion inference propositions, than students using either Imitative or Contingent Response Registers. In this sense, students employing a Noncontingent Response Register were more likely to embellish text than the other two groups. Finally, students (mean C.A. = 10.6 years) who used a Contingent Response Register recalled significantly more text-structured propositions, i.e., propositional and enabling inference propositions, than students using either Imitative or Noncontingent Response Registers. In this sense, students employing a Contingent Response Register were more likely to reconstruct text than the other two groups. These findings are discussed in terms of a classroom competence model of student behaviors.
Lower bounds on bayes factors for a linear regression model

This paper develops a Bayesian analysis of testing linear parameter restictions in a normal regression model. Instead of searching for a suitable "objective" prior for such a test, several interesting classes of informative priors are postulated, and the lower bounds on the Bayes factors are derived.
On the structure of the set of continuously differentiable solutions of one boundary-value problem for a system of functional differential equations of neutral type

We study the structure of the set of solutions, continuously differentiable for t ∈ R+ = [0; + ∞), of one limit problem for systems of nonlinear functional differential equations of neutral type with nonlinear deviations of argument that depend on an unknown function.
Stumping on Security

Presidential candidates need to address a wide range of national security questions this election season.
THE PERSONAL IS PATRILINEAL: NAMUS AS SOVEREIGNTY

In this article I propose a new model of namus, the concept recognized in some circum-Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Central and South Asian cultures and usually translated as “honor.” One way to understand namus is to regard it as patrilineal sovereignty, particularly reproductive sovereignty. After an “honor killing,” a “defense of honor” explanatory narrative is told by both perpetrator and community alike. I argue that an honor killing represents a show of reproductive sovereignty by people who belong to a patrilineage. I first describe ethnographic contexts in which “honor killings” are operative, and then, relying on Delaney's (1991) model of namus as deeply bound up with patrogenerative theories of procreation, argue that a hymen is both a symbolic and real border to membership in the group. Finally, I apply this new conceptualization to statecraft, specifically to killings carried out in Iraqi Kurdistan following the founding of the Kurdish statelet there in 1991. Here, reproductive sovereignt...
Cyclodextrin complexation as a probe of molecular photophys1cs

Abstract Three examples are described in which complexation of organic guests by a cyclodextrin ( CD ) alters the photophysical paths for excited state decay of the host-guest complex. The fluorescence properties ol the complexes between β- and γ- CD and the bichromophoric molecule 1.1'-bis-(α-naphthylmethyl) dithiane are presented to illustrate how complexation alters the dynamics of conformational interconversion. The complexation of β-naphthol by β- CD is shown by time-correlated emission spectroscopy to prevent the adiabatic deprotonation of the excited alcohol normally observed in aqueous solution. Lastly, solid complexes of CD 's and aromatic donor-acceptor molecules such as p -nitroaniline ( PNA ) are shown to be active for generation of second harmonic radiation ( SHG ) when irradiated by 1.06 μ light from a Nd-YAG laser. Since PNA itself crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group incapable of producing SHG , the complexation method effectively induces SHG activity in this polarizable, but nonpolar material.
Use of pinyon-juniper woodlands by bats in New Mexico

Abstract In recent years, the demand has grown for information on how to conserve bat populations in forested ecosystems. Many researchers have responded with studies of bats in forests, but few have studied bat communities in arid-adapted forest types, such as pinyon-juniper woodlands, which are widespread and abundant throughout the west. In this study, I evaluated the relative use and importance of pinyon-juniper woodlands to bats in west-central New Mexico by comparing bats captured in pinyon-juniper woodlands with those captured in ponderosa pine forest. I compared species richness and relative abundance of bats captured in these vegetation types and evaluated the relative importance of each based on its use as reproductive habitat by females. Bats were mistnetted over stock tanks in pinyon-juniper woodlands for 55 nights during 1995–1997 and in ponderosa pine forest for 22 nights in 1998–1999. Although overall capture rates (bats per net hour) were not different between study sites, more species were captured in pinyon-juniper woodlands. The bat community of this pinyon-juniper woodland was dominated by species typically found in upper elevation forests, but also included species from lower elevation shrublands and grasslands. A greater proportion of females was reproductively active in pinyon-juniper woodlands than ponderosa pine, suggesting that females prefer woodlands for rearing their young or that fecundity rates of females are higher in this vegetation type. Results of this study demonstrate that pinyon-juniper woodlands support abundant and diverse bat communities and provide important summer habitat to reproductive females. Thus, biologists and land managers should plan activities in pinyon-juniper woodlands with greater attention and consideration to bats and their habitat requirements.
Optimal router management in TCP/IP networks

In this paper, optimal control is utilized to formulate the AQM controller design as a constrained optimization problem. Quality of service requirements and network administration policy are integrated in the controller design enabling the administrator to control fairness and response time for the individual nodes. Heterogeneous network configuration with both of backward and forward delays has been considered in the TCP congestion control model. Careful Pade approximations and distinctive frequency response characteristics have been taken into account to deal with the system's multiple delays. Analytical syntheses along with event-based simulation results are presented to support the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Role of slow phase separation in assessing the equilibrium phase behaviour of PC-PMMA blends

Abstract It is shown that the extent of miscibility of blends of polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) described in recent papers has been over estimated. The solvent preparation methods used cause the two polymers to become kinetically trapped in a homogeneous, but non-equilibrium, mixture below the glass transition. The phase separation that occurs on heating above the glass transition is not a result of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) just above Tg but stems from an extremely slow rate of phase separation from the trapped non-equilibrium state. Based on this work, we believe that none of the LCST boundary may lie above the Tg line when the components have molecular weights in the commercially useful range. There is some uncertainty at the extremes of the composition scale because of the excessively long times required to reach equilibrium. The effects of polycarbonate molecular weight in this situation are considered. Even though the PC-PMMA interaction is not as favourable as originally thought, it is clear that this interaction is only weakly unfavourable for mixing.
Baffled and Standard Raceways: A Comparison of Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon Performance and Smolt-to-Adult Survival

Abstract We compared on-station mortality, growth (mm), feed conversion, health parameters, and smolt-to-adult survival rate of spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared in baffled and standard (unbaffled) raceways. Fish reared in baffled raceways survived from release to adulthood at a rate 0.85 times that of fish reared in unbaffled raceways. There was no difference in percent on-station mortality (range, 0.00–0.001), health, or average length gained (1–12 mm) between fish reared in baffled and unbaffled raceways. Average feed conversion was constant (1.20–2.25) throughout the period of juvenile rearing and was similar between fish reared in baffled and unbaffled raceways, a finding supported by adiposomatic and hepatosomatic indices. Overall, we found similar on-station performance between fish reared in baffled and unbaffled raceways. The difference between SARs of fish reared in baffled versus unbaffled raceways was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). However, it is suggestive of a ...
Enhancement technique for uniformly and non-uniformly illuminated dark images

Recently, considerable research has been done to reduce the gap between direct observation of a scene and its recorded image. Typically the differences exist because of the high dynamic range compression capability of the human visual systems, and its capacity for color constancy. In this paper we define a new method that provides dynamic range compression, color consistency and color rendition for dark images with uniform and non-uniform illumination.
Circadian rhythms in mitotic activity and 3 H-thymidine uptake in the duodenum: effect of isoproterenol on the mitotic rhythm.

Mitotic activity in the duodenum of the rat and mouse exhibits a circadian periodicity with a peak in the rat between 1200 and 1500 hours and a sustained trough between 1800 and 0600. Scintillation counts revealed a similar rhythm in the total uptake of 3H-thymidine by the rat duodenum with a sustained but fluctuating crest occurring between 0800 and 1800 and a trough between 1900 and 0100. In the mouse the peak mitotic activity occurred at 0900 and the trough at 1700. Isoproterenol completely abolishes the rhythm in mitosis in mouse duodenum, when injected exactly 28 hours previous to sacrifice. The results are discussed in relation to reports that deny a circadian rhythm in mitotic activity in the duodenum.
Atomic motion in resonant fluctuating laser radiation

The effect of field fluctuations on the motion of a two-level atom in resonant laser radiation is investigated theoretically. The internal motion of the atom is treated quantum mechanically (optical Bloch equations); the translational motion, which is coupled to the internal motion, is treated classically (Ehrenfest's theorem); and the fluctuating radiation is treated as a classical electromagnetic wave with stochastic phase (phase-diffusion model). An expression for the radiation force and equations of motion for the ensemble-averaged Bloch vector are derived and used to calculate (i) the radiation force in a plane running wave, (ii) the steady-state radiation force in a general standing wave, and (iii) the dissipative force in a plane standing wave in the limit of strong phase fluctuations. In case (iii) it is found that the atomic velocity is damped when the radiation is tuned above resonance, which is opposite to the case of a weak coherent standing wave, in which damping occurs for radiation tuned below resonance. It is shown that fluctuations have a substantial effect on the radiation force only when the spectral width of the radiation approaches or exceeds the spontaneous emission rate.
Estradiol-17β, Progesterone and 20α-Hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one in Rabbit Ovarian Venous Plasma. II. From Mating Through Implantation

The in vivo release of estradiol- 17β (E2), 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20α-OH) and progesterone (P) from the ovary between coitus and implantation was studied in 38 rabbits which had mated with fertile bucks. While P release remained constant, the release of E2 and 20α-OH, as measured in the ovarian venous effluent, increased following coitus to reach peak values between If and 4 hr. After this time the outputs of all 3 steroids began to decline. At ovulation E2 was no longer detectable and both progestins were at nadir ( <5 μg/ov/hr). During the 3-day period of tubal transport steroid output remained very low; but between days 4 and 6, when blastocysts lie free in the uterine lumen, E2 output rose, suggesting that implantation is preceded by a small rise in estrogen production. Between days 8 and 10, E2 release in rabbits with viable fetuses was 20.5 ± 4.1 pg/ov/hr and P release had increased to 23.8 ± 3.0 Mg/ov/hr. These data support the hypothesis that tubal transport of ova occurs during and, folio ...
Minimal history, a theory of plausible explanation

In computational theory, time is defined in terms of steps, and steps are defined by the computational process. Because steps can be described, a computation can be recorded as a binary string. This allows time to be measured in bits, which in turn, allows the definition of various computable complexity measures that account for the minimal amount of computation required to create an object from primitive beginnings. Three such measures are introduced in this article. They are “transcript depth,” which is closely relate to logical and computational depth, and “Kd complexity,” which is similar to Levin's Kt complexity, and “minimal history.” The later two measures are comprehensive in the sense that they characterize all information required for the creation of an object and also all computable internal relationships and redundancies that are present in the object. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12:48–53, 2007
The crystal structures of synthetics Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 and the type specimen of lausenite

An iron sulfate of nominal composition Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 has been synthesized and its structure determined and refined by high resolution powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The structure consists of corrugated slabs in which iron octahedra are linked by sulfate tetrahedra in the monoclinic space group P 21/ m with lattice parameters a = 10.711(1), b = 11.085(1), and c = 5.5747(5) A, β = 98.853(3)°. We compare these results with the type specimen of lausenite from Jerome, Arizona, which has monoclinic lattice parameters a = 10.679(2), b = 11.053(3), and c = 5.567(1) A, β = 98.89(1)°. Weight loss experiments show that it is currently a pentahydrate, despite earlier reports that lausenite is a hexahydrate. We argue that our synthetic material provides a structure determination for the type specimen of lausenite.
A Complete Perfectly Plastic Solution for the Mode I Crack Problem Under Plane Stress Loading Conditions

A continuous stress field for the mode I crack problem for a perfectly plastic material under plane stress loading conditions has been obtained recently. Here, a kinematically admissible velocity field is introduced, which is compatible with the continuous stress field obtained earlier. By associating these two fields together, it is shown that they constitute a complete solution for the uncontained plastic flow problem around a finite length internal crack, having a positive rate of plastic work. The yield condition employed is an alternative criterion first proposed by Richard von Mises in order to approximate the plane stress Huber-Mises yield condition, which is elliptical in shape, to one that is composed of two intersecting parabolas in the principal stress plane.
Antimicrobial effects of plant extracts on Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and other micro-organisms

Extracts of 54 plant species were tested for ability to inhibit bacteria and fungi, especially Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Streptococcus mutans. The latter three species cause common dermal, mucosal, or oral infections in humans that are difficult to control effectively. Fifteen plant extracts produced detectable antimicrobial activity. The most active included Celastrus scandens root bark, Juglans nigra fruit husks, Kalmia latifolia leaves, Pelargonium xhortorum leaves, and Rhus glabra root bark. Five plant species inhibited Strep. mutans, four inhibited T. rubrum, and two inhibited C. albicans. Lindera benzoin, a common temperate zone shrub, showed evidence of selective toxicity. Extract of L. benzoin bark strongly inhibited C. albicans and T. rubrum, but did not affect any of the other microorganisms tested.