cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre- and in-treatment predictors of retention in methadone treatment using survival analysis

Abstract Aims. To determine the effects of pre- and in-treatment variables on patient retention in methadone treatment. Design. Retrospective longitudinal study of an admission cohort sample for up to 3 years of treatment or until discharge. Setting. Six methadone maintenance programs operating 15 clinics in New York City. Participants. A sample of 1206 admissions to these clinics during 1989-90. Measurements. Data were abstracted from patients' medical charts. Time in treatment for up to 3 years was the dependent variable, analyzed as a survival function. Pretreatment variables were: gender, race/ethnicity, age at admission, employment, education, marital status, living arrangements, child care responsibility, criminal justice status, life-time arrests, referral source, age at first heroin use, polydrug use, route of drug administration, mental health status and methadone treatment history. In-treatment variables were: patient problems during treatment, clinic response to patient problems, patient treatment strengths, methadone dosage, heroin use and cocaine use. Findings. The estimated median treatment duration was 23 months. Cox proportional hazards modeling determined that two pretreatment variables (older age and no criminal justice involvement) were associated with longer retention in treatment. Among in-treatment variables, constructive clinic responses to patient problems, higher methadone dosage, more patient treatment strengths and less heroin and cocaine use during treatment were associated with longer retention. Conclusions. Events during treatment are crucial for patient retention in methadone treatment. Only two of 16 pretreatment variables, compared with five of six during-treatment variables, had significant effects on length of stay in a multivariate model.
Structures and functionalities of milk proteins

During the last decade, marked progress has been made in the study of the fine details of the structures of milk proteins such as caseins, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, and lactotransferrin. Many of the functional properties of the individual milk proteins, as well as the milk protein products, may be described at the molecular level. This article is an attempt to thoroughly review the three-dimensional structures of major milk proteins, and to correlate them with the functional aspects of these proteins as food ingredients.
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Impact of the Ebola Virus: A Review of Current Literature and Practices

BOLA VIRUS DISEASE (EVD), caused by infection with the filovirus Zaire ebolavirus, has a wide range of cardiovascular and pulmonary effects. The disease was first observed in 1976 in the Ebola River valley in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa. 1 Since then, Zaire ebolavirus has caused a number of outbreaks over the past 3 decades 2 (Table 1) and has culminated in the current largest outbreak, which has spanned a number of West African countries and spread throughout the world (Table 2). 3
The role of information retrieval in the second computer revolution

Information retrieval is conceptually fundamental in human communication as well as in man-computer communication. Computing and Information Retrieval professionals have the opportunity to apply information retrieval techniques within the second computer revolution to foster a new potential revolution in education, brought about by the advent of the personal computer.
FROM THE STREETS TO THE MOUNTAINS: THE DYNAMICS OF TRANSITION FROM A PROTEST WAVE TO AN INSURGENCY IN KASHMIR

*† This study investigates the dynamics of transition from a peaceful protest wave to a violent insurgency. It examines the causal path leading to a major shift in the intensity of a protest wave and argues that the transition is the product of the interactions between the dissidents, the state, and external actors. By studying the protest wave in Kashmir (1979-88), it identifies state repression and external support as the key factors driving the transition process. Time series analysis is used to analyze the original empirical evidence collected through content analysis. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the origins of the insurgency in Kashmir, this study shows that protest waves and civil wars are intimately linked.
The chlorococcalean Green Alga Hydrianum Rabenhorst from North America (Kansas and Michigan)

The green chlorococcoid algal genus Hydrianum Rabenhorst is reported for the second time in North America since its original report in 1887 and 1909. Hydrianum crassiapex was collected in Kansas, in Douglas County from a railroad trestle pond north of Lawrence and in Michigan, in Charlevoix County from Lake Geneserath. This singlecelled alga is epiphytic on macrophytes or filamentous algae, attached by means of short, hyaline stalks. Cells are asymmetrical, spherical-ellipsoid shaped in appearance. Hydrianum is characterized by its unusual mode of sporulation: zoospores are released from an apical pore while the most morphological similar genus Characium releases zoospores through a lateral pore.
INTERSTELLAR DUST PROPERTIES FROM A SURVEY OF X-RAY HALOS

Interstellar dust grains produce X-ray halos around bright sources due to small-angle X-ray scattering. Numerous studies have examined these halos, but no systematic study has yet tested the available halo data against the large number of well-defined dust models in circulation. We have therefore obtained the largest sample to date of X-ray dust halos from XMM-Newton and Chandra, and fitted them with 14 commonly used dust grain models, including comparisons with the optical extinction, AV, where available in the literature. Our main conclusions are summarized as follows. (1) Comparing AV with NH values measured via X-ray spectral fits, we find a ratio of AV/NH (1021 cm?2) = 0.48 ? 0.06, in agreement with previous work. (2) Out of 35 halos, 27 could be fit by one or more grain models, with the most successful models having maximum grain radius ?m and fewer large grains than the less successful models. This suggests that the diffuse ISM does not contain a signicant presence of grains with ?m. (3) Most halos were best fit assuming a single dust cloud dominated the scattering, rather than smoothly distributed dust along the sightline. (4) Eight sources could not be fit with the models considered here, most of which were along distant ( kpc) sight lines through the Galactic thin disk. (5) Some sight lines had halos with observed X-ray scattering optical depth ?sca/AV that were signicantly different than expected. This may result from an inhomogeneous dust distribution across the halo extraction area.
Prolactin Secretion from Clonal Pituitary Cells following Incubation with Estradiol, Progesterone, Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone and Dopamine

SummaryProlactin (PRL) release was assessed using clonal cells from the 2B8 strain grown in the presence of estradiol (sodium sulfate) (E2), progesterone (P), thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and/or dopamine hydrochloride (DA). Using concentrations of E2 ranging from 10−11M to 10−6M, it was found that a significant amount of PRL was released with doses of 10−10M to 10−8M. No effect was observed with either higher or lower concentrations of the steroid. Approximately the same amount of PRL was released from pituitary cells incubated with 2 × 10−9M TRH as was noted with 10−8M E2. When these two secretagogues were combined, significantly more PRL was present in the medium than when either was employed alone. Prolactin release was significantly inhibited from cells cultured with 10−7M-10−5M DA; lower concentrations were either ineffective or were found to stimulate PRL secretion. In combination with 10−8M E2 or 2 × 10−9M TRH, 10−6M DA significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of either of these two com...
Ethnicity and Cultural Perspectives in Paule Marshall’s Short Fiction

Paula Marshall has gained literary recognition for her novels Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959), The Chosen Place, The Timeless People (1969) and Praisesong for the Widow (1983), but her short fiction, especially those of the collections Soul Clap Hands and Sing (1961) and Reena (1983), have also helped to create her reputation. Marshall's stories have been praised most conspicuously for their humanism and universality, and they appear to have satisfied well the prevailing aesthetic requirements of "organic unity" and the "companionship of the whole." Reviews spoke of the stories as "compassionate... written with artistry and a sure knowledge of the human heart," as exhibiting "authentic feeling for real men, women and life," and as having "expanded a private sense of race and color into an enormously wide... sense of mixed moods and human destinies."1 The stories' communicating of general truths, their presenting of emotions common to all, and their competent use of traditional narrative patterns were the characteristics to which the reviewers seemed most sensitive. These
Effects of new Ab initio rate coefficients on predictions of species formed during n-butanol ignition and pyrolysis.

Experimental, time-resolved species profiles provide critical tests in developing accurate combustion models for biofuels such as n-butanol. A number of such species profiles measured by Karwat et al. [Karwat, D. M. A.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 4909] were discordant with predictions from a well-tested chemical kinetic mechanism developed by Black et al. [Black, G.; et al. Combust. Flame 2010, 157, 363]. Since then, significant theoretical and experimental efforts have focused on determining the rate coefficients of primary n-butanol consumption pathways in combustion environments, including H atom abstraction reactions from n-butanol by key radicals such as HO2 and OH, as well as the decomposition of the radicals formed by these H atom abstractions. These reactions not only determine the overall reactivity of n-butanol, but also significantly affect the concentrations of intermediate species formed during n-butanol ignition. In this paper we explore the effect of incorporating new ab initio pred...
The origin of the see-through graphical interface World War II aircraft gunsights and the status of the material in early computer interface design

This article defines a new category of media technologies, the see-through graphical interface, which are interface devices that project graphical information into a user’s field of view. This category includes technologies as diverse as head-up displays, augmented reality, military gunsights, and others. This article identifies and discusses the first see-through graphical interface, the British Mark II gyro gunsight, a computing gunsight used in the cockpits of fighter aircraft during the latter half of World War II. On the basis of an analysis of the design and history of this gunsight, this article considers the implications of see-through graphical interfaces for prevailing ideas on virtuality, materiality, human–computer interaction, and media history.
Coherence and quasistable states in a strong infrared field

We study the quasistability of UV-pulse-train-excited H atoms in a strong infrared (IR) laser as a function of the phase delay of the UV pulse train relative to the IR laser. The UV pulse train contains two frequency components. When the two components have frequencies separated by two IR photons, the population of surviving electrons is modulated by up to ten percent. When electrons are excited to right above or below the threshold, the survival probabilities have inverted phase delay dependence, which can be explained classically. When the two frequencies are one IR photon apart, the angular symmetry of the quasistable electrons is broken, and the asymmetry is also controlled by the phase delay. The asymmetrical distribution can be observed while the IR is on and smoothly evolves to a nonzero asymmetry that only weakly depends on the duration of the IR field.
Influence of stress ratio on fatigue behavior of Mg-3Al-2Sc alloy

The fatigue tests of hot extruded Mg-3Al-2Sc alloy products have been done with different stress ratio.The effect of stress ratio on the fatigue crackle propagation behavior and fracture micro-mechanism has been analyzed.The results show that when the stress amplitude is being Δσ=60MPa,fatigue fracture life of the Mg-3Al-2Sc alloy decreases and the fatigue crack propagation rate increases at the condition of stress ratio increasing.At the crackle embryonic zone and spreading zone the fatigue fracture micro-mechanism shows itself mainly as cleavage fracture,at the fracture instantaneous zone the fatigue fracture shows itself as combined fracture micro-mechanism which is composed mainly of quasi-cleavages and inter-crystal-line fractures.
Rain evaporation and moist patches in tropical boundary layers

Moist patches are areas in the sub-cloud layer characterized by a positive water vapor anomaly compared to the environment, and are considered important in triggering new convective cells. A correct understanding of the origin of the water vapor in these patches is, thus, essential to improving existing convective parameterizations. Recent studies have addressed this problem and have shown that, contrary to what was previously thought, the main source of water vapor in moist patches are surface latent heat fluxes, instead of rain evaporation. This manuscript offers a different perspective to the topic, focusing on the origin only of the water vapor that makes moist patches anomalously moist when compared to the environment. It is found that, near the surface, rain evaporation contributes half as much as latent heat fluxes, implying that a parameterization of the thermodynamic forcing should be more sensitive to environmental variables, like relative humidity, than recently suggested.
Un incidentalome révélant un cas de schwannome de la surrénale gauche

Introduction Les schwannomes sont des tumeurs de la gaine de Schwann des nerfs peripheriques ou crâniens. Les schwannomes visceraux sont rares et seuls quelques cas de schwannomes surrenaliens ont ete rapportes. Observation Nous rapportons le cas de Monsieur V. 62 ans, suivi pour un cancer colique pT1N0 Mx. Au cours du bilan d’extension par scanner, decouverte d’un incidentalome surrenalien gauche de 28 mm et de densite spontanee 30UH. Les examens biologiques eliminent un pheochromocytome, un adenome de Conn et un adenome cortisolique. Le scanner de controle a 6 mois retrouve nodule surrenalien de 29 × 19 mm, densite spontanee 33UH, wash out nul donc suspect. Le TEPscan retrouve un hypermetabolisme intense (SUV max = 6,8) en regard de la surrenale gauche. Surrenalectomie gauche se deroulant sans complication revelant un schwannome benin (expression PS100, Ki67 2 %) Discussion La description de schwannomes surrenaliens chez des patients asymptomatiques oriente vers l’hypothese que la frequence reelle de cette lesion est sous-estimee. Seuls quelques cas ont ete rapportes dans la litterature, diagnostiques comme des incidentalomes non secretant. Au scanner, l’apparence du schwannome est typiquement une masse homogene bien delimitee meme si les lesions evoluant depuis longtemps peuvent avoir des aspects heterogenes en raison de la presence de degenerescences et de calcifications kystiques. La biopsie n’est pas recommandee comme outil de diagnostic devant les multiples complications de cette modalite. Dans ce cas, nous retrouvions l’aspect typique d’une masse homogene bien limitee chez un patient asymptomatique, mais le diagnostic final ne pouvait etre pose qu’histologiquement devant les caracteristiques non specifiques en imagerie.
The History of Kawasaki Disease: A Personal Perspective

To understand the history of Kawasaki Disease (KD) one has to examine three periods of time: (A) the period from 1960 through the mid-1980s, (B) back to the 1870s, and (C) forward to the present. Dr. Kawasaki’s seminal paper, published in the Japanese-language journal Arerugi (Japanese Journal of Allergy) (Kawasaki, Arerugi [Japanese J Allergy] 16:178–222, 1967) in 1967, is the best starting point, because of its remarkably complete delineation of the clinical features of KD in living children, which is the basis for the diagnostic criteria we use today. The more than 100 years of pathologic records from the first description of fatal KD, by Samuel Gee in 1871, (Gee, St Barth Hosp Rep 7:148, 1871) to Kawasaki’s report includes the era of growing interest in and elegant description of the autopsy diagnosis that came to be called “infantile periarteritis nodosa”. (Munro-Faure, Pediatrics 23:914–926, 1959; Roberts and Fetterman, J Pediatr 63:519–529, 1963) The most recent period, from the mid-1980s to the present, marks the period of international cooperation, heightened interest, and scientific progress in the understanding of this still enigmatic disease. The following chapters will outline the many areas of scientific progress. The history of KD is very personal to me as I have had the special privilege to be a participant in all these eras of discovery.
Well-Being in the Transition Economies of the Successor States of the Former Soviet Union: The Challenges of Change

With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the countries of the former Eastern bloc, which include countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and those of the former Soviet Union, experienced turbulent economic, political, and institutional changes that were a remarkable departure from socialism. Steep drops in life satisfaction levels reflected the large drops in gross national product associated with the transition and the erosion of key social welfare mechanisms. Life satisfaction levels gradually recovered along with economic growth and stability. Income inequality and inequality in life satisfaction both increased. Yet it is difficult to generalize about such a diverse set of countries; they entered the transition with very different initial conditions and emerged from it with various degrees of success. Those countries with historical links to Europe fared the best. Those countries that were closer to the Soviet empire had less complete transitions and larger increases in inequality, and life satisfaction levels dropped more and recovered less. The outlying countries in Central Asia emerged from the transition with the dual challenges of underdevelopment and the shift from central planning. The transition provided major opportunities for change—including economic and political freedom—for the countries (and cohorts within them) that were positioned to take advantage of them. Younger people who were better equipped to adapt to new economic and political systems, such as those with more skills and education, were the clear “winners” in the process. This fact is reflected in their life satisfaction, their satisfaction with political and economic regimes, and their faith in the system in general. The transition widened preexisting differences among countries, both in terms of economic and institutional indicators and in terms of life satisfaction and individuals’ perceptions of their future opportunities. A major challenge for policy is crafting new mechanisms to facilitate the participation of those individuals who have fallen behind.
First Person and Third Person Reasons in Religious Epistemology

In this paper I argue that there are two kinds of epistemic reasons. One kind is irreducibly first personal – what I call deliberative reasons. The other kind is third personal – what I call theoretical reasons. I argue that attending to this distinction illuminates a host of problems in epistemology in general and in religious epistemology in particular. These problems include (a) the way religious experience operates as a reason for religious belief, (b) how we ought to understand religious testimony, (c) how religious authority can be justified, (d) the problem of religious disagreement, and (e) the reasonableness of religious conversion.
PyBoost: A parallelized Python implementation of 2D boosting with hierarchies

Gene expression is controlled by networks of transcription factors that bind specific sequence motifs in regulatory DNA elements such as promoters and enhancers. GeneClass is a boosting-based algorithm that learns gene regulatory networks from complementary paired feature sets such as transcription factor expression levels and binding motifs across conditions. This algorithm can be used to predict functional genomics measures of cell state, such as gene expression and chromatin accessibility, in different cellular conditions. We present a parallelized, Python-based implementation of GeneClass, called PyBoost, along with a novel hierarchical implementation of the algorithm, called HiBoost. HiBoost allows regulatory logic to be constrained to a hierarchical group of conditions or cell types. The software can be used to dissect differentiation cascades, time courses or other perturbation data that naturally form a hierarchy or trajectory. We demonstrate the application of PyBoost and HiBoost to learn regulators of tadpole tail regeneration and hematopoeitic stem cell differentiation and validate learned regulators through an inducible CRISPR system.
Cell-interactive alginate-chitosan biopolymer systems with tunable mechanics and antibody release rates

Abstract This work investigates techniques to produce biocompatible hydrogels with tunable stiffness without the addition of crosslinking agents or altering cell binding sites. Alginate and water-soluble chitosan salts were used to form polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), where the storage and loss moduli could be increased by raising gelation temperatures. The largest change, a 6.5-fold increase in storage modulus, occurred when the crosslinking temperature was increased from 37 to 50 °C while using chitosan with chlorine counterions. Osteogenic MC3T3 cells were shown to have significantly higher proliferation on the stiffer PECs prepared at 50 °C compared to 37 °C. Gelation temperature showed minimal effect on antibody release, but the inclusion of CaSO 4 provided a longer overall release where the rate was nearly linear for several weeks. However, CaSO 4 inhibited the strengthening effect of increased gelation temperature. PECs containing glutamate counterions demonstrated an increase in stiffness with decreased chitosan content.
Typhon: Consistency Semantics for Multi-Representation Data Processing

Variety of data has led to the fall of the "One size fits all" paradigm in databases. Applications now store data in multiple data representations, rather than just storing the data in a single relational database. However, applications only provide consistency semantics at the boundaries of a single datastore, corresponding to specific representation. This can lead to semantically inconsistent executions, which can have undesirable consequences for the application users. We propose, Typhon, a multi-representation data processing framework, which defines consistency semantics across multiple representations. Typhon introduces the notion of entities, which link the data present in diverse representations, and defines implicit causal guarantees, which capture the logical order intended by the application user. Typhon lays the foundation of a consistency model for multi-representation data, over which applications can build their protocols and reason about the consistency semantics of their existing solutions. We then propose a protocol, Cerberus, which provides implicit causal guarantees defined by Typhon's multi-representation consistency framework. Our evaluations show that Cerberus's performance is close to the solution providing no consistency guarantees across multiple representations, and outperforms baseline locking protocols providing Typhon's consistency guarantees across multiple data representations.
eHealth Literacy and Health Behaviors Affecting Modern College Students: A Pilot Study of Issues Identified by the American College Health Association.

Background: The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) has been widely adopted by researchers to understand how eHealth literacy can be put into context. eHealth researchers need to know how to promote positive health behavior changes across college students, given the importance of the Internet to acquire and use health information. The American College Health Association identified a set of key health issues that affect college students today. By understanding how eHEALS might be related to college students’ maintenance of their health and their use of online health resources, researchers will be provided with a better understanding of eHealth literacy and its pragmatic implications for health campaigns and future interventions. Objective: The goal of the study was to examine what eHEALS reveals about college student health behaviors identified by the American College Health Association. To understand college student current health maintenance and their intentions to maintain their health and use online resources, the theory of planned behavior was used as the theoretical framework for the study. Methods: Data were collected via a survey of 422 college students that included the eHEALS measure and questions about health issues based on the recommendations of the American College Health Association. These questions asked about college student current health, subsequent use of online health resources, and their intention to maintain their health and make use of such resources in the future. Results: eHEALS was positively and significantly associated with all 8 areas of health issues identified by the American College Health Association for college student current maintenance of health and use of online health resources and for future intention of health maintenance and use of online resources. Key issues that emerged with eHealth literacy were maintaining safe sex practices and seeking out related information, seeking out information on an exercise regime, information on vaccinations, and maintaining a balanced diet. Conclusions: These results suggest several areas that may be targeted for future health campaigns toward college students. In addition, eHEALS was found to be a useful instrument for college students in the United States. Lastly, these results point to a need to deliver targeted information to college students, particularly since eHEALS captures literacy based on positively phrased items.
Data-Driven Approach to Structural Health Monitoring Using Statistical Learning Algorithms

Condition assessment and prediction of existing infrastructure systems is a major objective in civil engineering. Structural health monitoring (SHM) achieves this goal by continuous data acquisition from an array of sensors deployed on the structure of interest. SHM constructs ubiquitous damage features from the acquired data, ensuring maximum sensitivity to the onset of damage and robustness to noise and variability in environmental and operational conditions. Traditionally, SHM has used a model-based approach, wherein a high-fidelity model of a structure is constructed and studied in detail to aid engineers in detecting the onset of damage based on deviations from an undamaged model of the system. However, given the complexity of structures and the inability to perfectly model all aspects of a system, a data-driven approach becomes an attractive alternative. In data-driven approaches, a surrogate model, constructed using acquired data from a system, is substituted for a real model. Although such models do not necessarily capture all the physics of a system, they are efficient for damage detection purposes. Statistical learning algorithms aid in the construction of such surrogate models, and their use has now been extensively documented in the literature. This chapter provides a brief review of applications of statistical learning algorithms, both supervised and unsupervised, in SHM for real-time condition assessment of civil infrastructure systems.
Alternative Time Series Analysis and Potential Effect of Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Hospital Readmission Reduction Program.

Alternative Time Series Analysis and Potential Effect of Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Hospital Readmission Reduction Program
Fuel Economy and Emissions

The relationship between vehicle fuel economy and government-regulated exhaust emissions is very complex. It involves a number of factors subject to personal bias. For example, one must to some extent subjectively judge what is acceptable vehicle performance during cold start and normal driving because performance in these operating modes can, as will be shown, be related to both emission levels and fuel economy, either directly or indirectly. It is important to decide what economic penalty should be involved when one attempts to maximize fuel economy at a given emission level. One must also decide what degree of sophistication the emission control system can have and still function well in the hands of a nontechnical owner with minimal maintenance.
Novel Coenzymes of Archaebacteria

To effect enzyme-catalyzed reactions of small molecules, nature has evolved coenzymes. During the first 60 years of this century, most of the coenzymes of metabolism (diphosphothiamin, ATP, biotin, coenzyme A, pyridoxal phosphate, folic acid, FMN-FAD, NAD-NADP, lipoic acid, cobamides, and quinones) were defined. Most of these coenzymes were found to be cosmopolitan. Their distribution among prokaryotes and eukaryotes strongly supported the doctrine of comparative biochemistry, i.e., what was true for bacteria also was true for plants and animals, there being only one major exception: cobamides apparently played no role in the evolution of plants.
Interactions of Simulated Partially Closed Cracks with Acoustic Waves

It is well known that partial contact of two rough surfaces leads to transmission of an acoustic signal across the crack, thus giving rise to a reduced probability of detection (POD). To explore the effects of such partial contact on transmission, diffraction, scattering and mode conversion of an acoustic signal, samples have been developed in which an interface simulates a true fatigue crack. Some of the effects of these interfaces on a longitudinal acoustic wave have been studied experimentally and will be reported.
Design and Layout Generation at the Symbolic Level

A pipeline or three tools for the construction or high-quality macro modules or library cells is described. TOPOGEN is a synthesis tool that takes a logic description at the gate level and converts it into a symbolic layout or a static CMOS circuit on a virtual (coarse) grid. EDISTIX is an interactive virtual grid editor for the creation or modification of symbolic sticks diagrams. ZORRO is a two-dimensional compactor using the concept of ‘Zone refining’ to generate the mask geometry from the symbolic layout. The generation or the final layout of a cell is a two-step process using an intermediate symbolic representation on a virtual grid. In this intermediate state, the user can interactively make changes.
Ethical Considerations & the Practice of Tanking in Sport Management

The paper defines the practice of tanking in regard to sport organizations and differentiates this approach from activities such as match fixing and team building. Thereafter, the ethical implicati...
Probing the predissociated levels of the S1 state of acetylene via H-atom fluorescence and photofragment fluorescence action spectroscopy

We report two new experimental schemes to obtain rotationally resolved high-resolution spectra of predissociated S1 acetylene levels in the 47 000-47 300 cm−1 energy region (∼1200 cm−1 above the predissociation threshold). The two new detection schemes are compared to several other detection schemes (employed at similar laser power, molecular beam temperature, and number of signal averages) that have been used in our laboratory to study predissociated S1 acetylene levels, both in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the resultant spectra and experimental simplicity. In the first method, H-atoms from the predissociated S1 acetylene levels are probed by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The H-atoms are pumped to the 3d level by the two-photon resonance transition at 205.14 nm. The resulting 3d–2p fluorescence (654.5 nm) is collected by a photomultiplier. The S/N of the H-atom fluorescence action spectrum is consistently better by ∼3× than that of the more widely used H-atom resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) detection. Laser alignment is also considerably easier in H-atom fluorescence detection than H-atom REMPI detection due to the larger number-density of molecules that can be used in fluorescence vs. REMPI detection schemes. In the second method, fluorescence from electronically excited C2 and C2H photofragments of S1 acetylene is detected. In contrast to the H-atom detection schemes, the detected C2 and C2H photofragments are produced by the same UV laser as is used for the A–X acetylene excitation. As a result, laser alignment is greatly simplified for the photofragment fluorescence detection scheme, compared to both H-atom detection schemes. Using the photofragment fluorescence detection method, we are able to obtain action spectra of predissociated S1 acetylene levels with S/N ∼2× better than the HCCH REMPI detection and ∼10× better than H-atom and HCCH LIF detection schemes.We report two new experimental schemes to obtain rotationally resolved high-resolution spectra of predissociated S1 acetylene levels in the 47 000-47 300 cm−1 energy region (∼1200 cm−1 above the predissociation threshold). The two new detection schemes are compared to several other detection schemes (employed at similar laser power, molecular beam temperature, and number of signal averages) that have been used in our laboratory to study predissociated S1 acetylene levels, both in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the resultant spectra and experimental simplicity. In the first method, H-atoms from the predissociated S1 acetylene levels are probed by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The H-atoms are pumped to the 3d level by the two-photon resonance transition at 205.14 nm. The resulting 3d–2p fluorescence (654.5 nm) is collected by a photomultiplier. The S/N of the H-atom fluorescence action spectrum is consistently better by ∼3× than that of the more widely used H-atom resonance-enhan...
Infection and Propagation of Astrovirus VA1 in Cell Culture

Astrovirus VA1/HMO-C (VA1) is the representative genotype of mamastrovirus 9, a species of the single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viral family, Astroviridae. Astroviruses have been traditionally considered pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract but they have been recently associated with neurological diseases in humans, cattle, mink, sheep, and pigs. VA1 is the astrovirus genotype most commonly identified from human cases of meningoencephalitis and has been recently propagated in cell culture. VA1 can now be used as a model system to study pathogenesis of the neurological diseases associated with astrovirus infection. In this article, we describe two fundamental assays to quantify replication and propagation of VA1, a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure viral RNA and a 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50 ) assay to measure infectious viral particles. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Abstract P301: Heart Rate Variability is Associated with Future Global Cognitive Performance: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background: Low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with major vascular risk factors for cognitive decline, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, we hypothesize...
The Effects of Fiber on Visceral Fat

Abstract With obesity impacting more than 33% of adults and 16% of children in the United States, this health condition has grown to become quite a concern for Americans. Specifically, abdominal obesity is a significant issue plaguing the States, with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III recording an increase in mean waist circumference of adults. Abdominal obesity is a significant area of study as waist circumference has been shown to be a better predictor than body mass index (BMI) for diseases such as myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. According to research, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke have an association with high fiber consumption. High fiber consumption, whether by diet or dietary supplements, has been associated with lower rates of those cardiovascular diseases and with improved weight management. More studies are necessary to gather empirical data regarding a potential cause-and-effect relationship, but current research shows a clear association.
Relationships among Actual Motor Competence, Perceived Motor Competence, and Health-Related Fitness in College-Aged Males.

Actual motor competence (MC), perceived motor competence (PMC), and health-related fitness (HRF) exhibit a dynamic and reciprocal relationship in child populations, but little is known about the nature of these relationships in young adulthood. The purpose of the study was to assess these relationships in a sample of college-aged males. A total of 55 participants enrolled in an undergraduate Kinesiology course completed the study. Perceived motor competence (PMC) was assessed with the Physical Self-Perception Profile questionnaire; MC was assessed using maximum throw and kick speed and maximum jump distance; HRF was assessed with a two-minute push-up test, two-minute sit-up test, and the Multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test. Pearson’s bivariate correlations were calculated to assess relationships among PMC total score, MC scores, and HRF scores. Two separate indices were calculated to create composite total MC and total HRF scores used for subsequent analyses. Significant correlations were found between PMC total score, MC index, and HRF index. Multiple linear regressions were used for analyzing predictive measures for HRF and PMC scores. From the two regression models, significance varied among total MC scores, PMC scores, and HRF individual measures. These findings may suggest that relationships among MC, HRF, and PMC strengthen over developmental time in young adult males.
Neuropsychological Assessment Procedures

There are three general aims of clinical neuropsychological assessment: (1) to document strengths and weaknesses in cognition and related behaviors; (2) to interpret outcomes diagnostically; and (3) to make recommendations for treatment and management of problem behaviors. In diagnostic interpretation, contributions of suspected brain impairment must be integrated with a variety of nonorganic factors (e. g., decreased motivation, psychiatric disturbance, educational limitations) to explain performance deficits, and with elderly patients, special attention must be given to the possibility that these deficits are age-consistent.
Survivor-Centric Network Recovery for Search-and-Rescue Operations

In this paper, we introduce a new paradigm for Search-and-Rescue Operations (SAROs) after large-scale disasters, assuming wireless network cells are partially operational (called surviving eNBs, ref-eNBs) and exploiting the recent trend of using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as a part of the network (called UA-eNBs), to search for survivors. The SAROs are based on the idea that almost all survivors have their own wireless mobile devices, called User Equipments (UEs). These SAROs (called UE-based SAROs) are life-critical missions intended to find potential survivors, as quick as possible, by searching and locating their UEs without their assistance even in the absence of radio frequency coverage, in which the UEs become human-based sensors on the ground. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to propose this new paradigm, which is mainly aimed at providing significant information to the first responders, as follows: 1) generate immediate crisis maps for the disaster-impacted areas, called UE-Based Crisis Maps (UEBCMs), 2) provide vital information about where the majority of survivors are clustered/crowded and how (e.g., whether located indoor or outdoor). The UE-based SAROs offer the first responders a vital tool to prioritize/manage SAROs efficiently and effectively in a timely manner, supporting the largest number of disaster victims.
Type B Aortic Dissection Complicated by Intimo-Intimal Intussusception and Extensive Intimal Denuding: Case Report with Long-term Follow-up

Background Acute aortic dissection rarely results in circumferential dissections of the aortic intima that may lead to intimo-intimal intussusception (IIS) with complete separation from the aortic wall. Circumferential dissection may then result in distal embolization of the involved intima and media, adding considerable complexity to the management of such cases. Despite the severity of this complication, the natural history of aortic disease following extensive intimal denuding and IIS is not well documented in the literature. Here we present a case with long-term follow-up of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) complicated by IIS and embolization of the intima into the distal aorta following thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Methods Medical records and imaging studies were retrospectively reviewed with the approval of the Institutional Review Board. A single patient underwent repair of a TBAD that was complicated by IIS, with follow-up for 6 years. Aortic recovery was monitored with serial computerized tomography scans. Results During endovascular stent deployment, the patient’s dissection progressed circumferentially, leading to distal embolization of the intima and aortic occlusion. An open transabdominal aortic exploration was performed to extract the embolized intima. Despite this severe aortic structural disruption, the patient recovered well postoperatively and exhibited favorable aortic remodeling over long-term follow-up. The denuded aorta did not rupture or develop progressive worsening aneurysmal dilation and the diameter of the involved aortic segment remained stable during follow-up. Conclusions Acute TBADs can progress to circumferential intimal separation and IIS when managed with endovascular stenting and balloon dilation. Continued endovascular management once IIS has occurred may lead to further intimal damage, resulting in distal embolization of the intima and aortic occlusion. Thus, IIS may require conversion to open repair. However, in the event that loss of the aortic intima does occur following IIS, it is possible for the denuded aorta to recover well and remain stable with favorable remodeling over long-term follow-up.
Limited versus extended cocaine intravenous self-administration: Behavioral effects and electrophysiological changes in insular cortex.

Aims Limited vs extended drug exposure has been proposed as one of the key factors in determining the risk of relapse, which is the primary characteristic of addiction behaviors. The current studies were designed to explore the related behavioral effects and neuronal alterations in the insular cortex (IC), an important brain region involved in addiction. Methods Experiments started with rats at the age of 35 days, a typical adolescent stage when initial drug exposure occurs often in humans. The drug-seeking/taking behaviors, and membrane properties and intrinsic excitability of IC pyramidal neurons were measured on withdrawal day (WD) 1 and WD 45-48 after limited vs extended cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA). Results We found higher cocaine-taking behaviors at the late withdrawal period after limited vs extended cocaine IVSA. We also found minor but significant effects of limited but not extended cocaine exposure on the kinetics and amplitude of action potentials on WD 45, in IC pyramidal neurons. Conclusion Our results indicate potential high risks of relapse in young rats with limited but not extended drug exposure, although the adaptations detected in the IC may not be sufficient to explain the neural changes of higher drug-taking behaviors induced by limited cocaine IVSA.
FIRST SCIENCE OBSERVATIONS WITH SOFIA/FORCAST: 6-37 μm IMAGING OF ORION BN/KL

The Becklin-Neugebauer/Kleinmann-Low (BN/KL) region of the Orion Nebula is the nearest region of high-mass star formation in our galaxy. As such, it has been the subject of intense investigation at a variety of wavelengths, which have revealed it to be brightest in the infrared to submillimeter wavelength regime. Using the newly commissioned SOFIA airborne telescope and its 5-40 μm camera FORCAST, images of the entire BN/KL complex have been acquired. The 31.5 and 37.1 μm images represent the highest resolution observations (4'') ever obtained of this region at these wavelengths. These observations reveal that the BN object is not the dominant brightness source in the complex at wavelengths ≥ 31.5 μm and that this distinction goes instead to the source IRc4. It was determined from these images and derived dust color temperature maps that IRc4 is also likely to be self-luminous. A new source of emission has also been identified at wavelengths ≥ 31.5 μm that coincides with the northeastern outflow lobe from the protostellar disk associated with radio source I.
Effects of neonatal lung abnormalities on parenchymal R2 * estimates.

Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often suffer from multifaceted pulmonary morbidities that are not well understood. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising technique for pulmonary imaging in this population without requiring exposure to ionizing radiation. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of neonatal pulmonary disease on R2 * and tissue density and to utilize numerical simulations to evaluate the effect of different alveolar structures on predicted R2 *.This was a prospective study, in which 17 neonatal human subjects (five control, seven with bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD], five with congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH]) were enrolled. Twelve subjects were male and five were female, with postmenstrual age (PMA) at MRI of 39.7 ± 4.7 weeks. A 1.5T/multiecho three-dimensional UTE MRI was used. Pulmonary R2 * and tissue density were compared across disease groups over the whole lung and regionally. A spherical shell alveolar model was used to predict the expected R2 * over a range of tissue densities and tissue susceptibilities. Tests for significantly different mean R2 * and tissue densities across disease groups were evaluated using analysis of variance, with subsequent pairwise group comparisons performed using t tests. Lung tissue density was lower in the ipsilateral lung in CDH compared to both controls and BPD patients (both p < 0.05), while only the contralateral lung in CDH (CDHc) had higher whole-lung R2 * than both controls and BPD (both p < 0.05). R2 * differences were significant between controls and CDHc within all tissue density ranges (all p < 0.05) with the exception of the 80%-90% range (p = 0.17). Simulations predicted an inverse relationship between alveolar tissue density and R2 * that matches empirical human data. Alveolar wall thickness had no effect on R2 * independent of density (p = 1). The inverse relationship between R2 * and tissue density is influenced by the presence of disease globally and regionally in neonates with BPD and CDH in the NICU. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
Extent of the Attorney-Corporate Client Privilege in Arizona

The attorney-client privilege ensures that communications between an attorney and his or her client are confidential. This privilege has been acknowledged for many years and applies to both individuals and corporations. Although corporations hold the privilege, it has not been clear how far the privilege extends in a corporation. That is, are communications between a corporation's attorneys and all of the corporation's employees protected by the attorney-client privilege? Or, does the privilege only apply to some of the corporation's employees, depending on the situation? Or, are communications between the corporation's attorneys and the corporation's top ranking officers the only communications protected by the attorney-client privilege?