cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5050: Proteome-based combined treatment strategies synergizing antagonism of androgen receptor function in prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Acquired resistance to second-generation androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies compels the development of novel therapeutic agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We have recently reported a novel function of endostatin (ES) through direct binding and inhibition of AR in human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Molecular characterization of the putative mechanisms of ES function on AR-positive PCa cells by global proteomic analysis revealed dramatic upregulation of CYP51A1 expression in LNCaP cells, suggesting that the increases in cholesterol biosynthesis and the resultant steroidogenesis may provide survival mechanism for PCa cells through the augmentation of androgen-AR axis. To validate this hypothesis, anti-proliferative effects of combined treatment of ES with Lovastatin or Fluconazole, inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase or CYP5A1, were analyzed in vitro using AR-positive LNCaP cells. Results indicated a significantly enhanced ES-mediated growth inhibition on LNCaP cells by targeting both the ligand biosynthesis and receptor function. Proteomic profiling further indicated that ES significantly decreased the levels of AR, coactivator Ran (ARA24) and downregulated AR-driven expression of MCM complex 2, 3, 4 and 6, MDC1 and STMN1, suggesting that AR-targeted effects of ES include disruption of DNA replication, cell cycle propagation and cell division. We found that dual inhibition of AR nuclear transport and AR-mediated cell division by co-treatment of ES and Taxol greatly decreased PCa cell proliferation. Together, this interdisciplinary approach integrating proteomics with PCa cell function possibly suggests that antagonism of AR, which is the principal drug target for the PCa treatment, can be potentiated by the combination of ES with currently used chemotherapy agents and adjuvants. These findings further provide new insights into proteome-based approach as a useful tool to design and optimize effective therapeutic regimens for individual patients with CRPC. Citation Format: Joo Hyoung Lee, James A. Mobley, Selvarangan Ponnazhagan. Proteome-based combined treatment strategies synergizing antagonism of androgen receptor function in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5050. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5050
Histaminic cephalgia: Report of a case

Abstract 1. 1. The first case of histaminic cephalgia recognized at the University Hospitals is reported. This is in contrast to the large number of cases reported by Horton. 2. 2. It is suggested that nausea and vomiting associated with unilateral headaches do not alter the diagnosis in favor of migraine, provided the symptom complex is otherwise similar to that described by Horton and can be reproduced by histamine. 3. 3. Difficulty in desensitization to histamine is recorded.
Response to 'Snyder v. Lousiana: Continuing the Historical Trend Towards Increased Scrutiny of Peremptory Challenges'

John P. Bringewatt's recent note makes several important observations about the Supreme Court's opinion in Snyder v. Louisiana. Although he provides reasonable support for the claim that Snyder represents a sea change in Batson jurisprudence, the US Supreme Court's fresh opinion in Thaler v. Haynes (rendered on February 22, 2010) reads the Snyder majority opinion narrowly and suggests the possibility that Snyder is not as potent as it should be. The Haynes per curiam's guarded reading of Snyder signals the need for courts to continue to conduct the bird's-eye cumulative analysis that the Court performed in Miller-El v. Dretke [hereinafter Miller-El II]. If lawyers challenging discriminatory peremptory strikes and trial courts replicate Snyder's single-juror approach but ignore concomitant Miller-El circumstantial evidence of intentional discrimination, Snyder may (counterintuitively) sap Miller-El II of its on-the-ground transformative potential. In other words, lawyers should not rely too much on the "more individualized focus" observed and applauded by the author because a narrow framing of a Batson challenge in the Snyder opinion's image (rather than a wider framing with a focus on the Miller-El factors) may fail in front of courts that view Snyder differently than does Bringewatt. A slightly different interpretation of the historical arc of the relevant cases and a critical reconsideration of Snyder's circumstances foreshadow the outcome in Haynes and reveal nuances that suggest problems with Bringewatt's theory.
Spatial foraging in free ranging bearded sakis: traveling salesmen or Lévy Walkers?

According to optimal foraging theory and most current models of primate socioecology, primate foraging involves a series of decisions concerning when is the most optimal time to leave a food patch, how to travel to the next patch in an efficient manner, and how to minimize the time and distance traveled to all patches throughout the course of the day. In this study, I assess how bearded sakis solve these challenges by presenting data on their patch use, distance minimization, and by comparing their movements with non-deterministic foraging patterns. The study group, composed of 38 ± 15 individuals, fed significantly longer in higher quality patches (quality defined by patch size and productivity) and in those that contained ripe fruit pulp. However, group size was not a significant predictor of patch occupancy. Bearded sakis traveled relatively directly between food patches, sometimes over distances > 300 m. In addition, they chose the optimal daily path among all patches visited on 9 of 17 occasions, and on average traveled only 21% more than the least distance route. Bearded saki step lengths were consistent with a Brownian rather than a Levy Walk pattern while waiting times were consistent with a Levy pattern. However, the distribution of their turning angles indicated a high degree of directional persistence between patches. These results suggest that bearded sakis exploit food patches that are randomly distributed spatially but heterogenous in patch quality. They appear to encode the locations of high quality food patches and minimize travel between them, despite opportunistically feeding from more abundant and randomly distributed, lower quality patches en route. Am. J. Primatol. 76:472–484, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety design considerations for alternating-current low-voltage distribution systems

Safety criteria, protective device performance, transferred potential hazard, and National Electrical Code (NEC) voltage limits and requirements on equipment grounding practices are examined. Safe step-and-touch voltage criteria are imposed, based on body weight. These criteria are considered for both industrial applications and general applications where children may be present. Although the authors have attempted a logical extrapolation of nonlethal continuous currents versus body weight, it is stated that there is insufficient test data to support the conclusions. It is pointed out the agreement was found between the few values cited in the NEC and the extrapolated values. >
Asymmetric Bending of Polar Orthotropic Circular Plates

The asymmetric bending of polar orthotropic circular plates using the finite element method is explored. The plate bending model consists of one-dimensional circular and annular ring segments using a Fourier series approach to model the problem asymmetries. Using displacement functions, which are the exact solutions of the plate bending equation, the stiffness coefficients corresponding to the 0th, 1st, and nth harmonics are presented in closed form. These stiffness coefficients, which can be readily coded into any special or general purpose structural analysis computer program, represent the exact solution to any structural model consisting of nodal displacements and forces. An example is considered which compares the mathematical formulation using this technique to the classical solution.
Generalized Additive Models for Zero‐Inflated Data with Partial Constraints

. Zero-inflated data abound in ecological studies as well as in other scientific fields. Non-parametric regression with zero-inflated response may be studied via the zero-inflated generalized additive model (ZIGAM) with a probabilistic mixture distribution of zero and a regular exponential family component. We propose the (partially) constrained ZIGAM, which assumes that some covariates affect the probability of non-zero-inflation and the regular exponential family distribution mean proportionally on the link scales. When the assumption obtains, the new approach provides a unified framework for modelling zero-inflated data, which is more parsimonious and efficient than the unconstrained ZIGAM. We develop an iterative estimation algorithm, and discuss the confidence interval construction of the estimator. Some asymptotic properties are derived. We also propose a Bayesian model selection criterion for choosing between the unconstrained and constrained ZIGAMs. The new methods are illustrated with both simulated data and a real application in jellyfish abundance data analysis.
Cartography and geographic information science at Penn State

Current research in the Cartographic and Geographic Information Sciences at Penn State emphasizes map design, geovisual analytics, spatiotemporal pattern detection, spatial cognition, CyberGIS, geographic information retrieval, image analysis, and novel methods for geospatial education. Cartography and GIScience research and education at Penn State is organized through groups such as the GeoVISTA Center and the Peter R. Gould Center in the Department of Geography, the Institute for CyberScience, and the John A. Dutton e-Education Institute. Recent achievements in these units have included advances in extracting geographic information from social media, novel methods for pattern analysis from event data, and the development of the first massive open online course in geography.
Purification and Characterization of Tyrosine Hydroxylase from a Clonal Pheochromocytoma Cell Line

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was purified from pheochromocytoma PC-12 cloned cells by a short and gentle procedure. The enzyme was isolated in pure form and has a molecular weight of approximately 210,000-220,000. SDS electrophoresis yields one single protein band with a molecular weight of approximately 62,000. Antiserum to rat pheochromocytoma TH was obtained in rabbits and immunotitration data show that the antiserum to rat TH reduces the activity of the homologous enzyme more effectively than the activity of the heterologous enzyme. The activity of purified TH is stimulated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylating system (PKP system), and the highest percentage of stimulation is obtained when the enzyme activity is measured at physiological pH’s. The stimulation of the purified enzyme by the PKP system results in a reduction of the apparent Km for the cofactor 6-MePH4 and in an increase of the Ki for dopamine. Incubation of purified TH with the PKP system and [32P]ATP, resulted in incorporation of radioactivity into the 62,000 subunit of the enzyme.
Parental attitude toward deviance as a predictor of delinquency: making the connection via perception and cognition

This study tested a core postulate of social cognitive theory: i.e., that perception precedes cognition in the development of behavior. Using data from four of the first five waves of the 1725-member (918 males, 807 females) National Youth Survey (NYS), youth perception of parental attitude toward deviance and youth attitude toward deviance at Waves 2 and 3 were tested as possible mediators of the relationship between Wave 1 parental attitude toward deviance and self-reported delinquency at Wave 5. The target chain was both significant and significantly stronger than the reverse chain and there was no evidence that age, race, or sex moderated this mediated relationship. These results support the presence of a chaining process in which proximal social, perceptual, and cognitive events link to distal behavioral outcomes like delinquency.
Repeated fetal betamethasone treatment and birth weight and head circumference.

Abstract Objective: To assess the effect of repeated courses of betamethasone on birth weight and head circumference. Methods: We conducted a historical cohort study of inpatients receiving betamethasone therapy over 5 years. We compared birth weights and head circumferences of infants whose mothers received one course of betamethasone with those of infants whose mothers received multiple courses. Multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. Sufficient power (80%) existed to detect a 20% difference between the groups (α = 0.05). Results: Mean birth weights (±SD) were 1717 ± 707 g in the single-course group ( n = 107) and 1783 ± 647 g in the multiple-course group ( n = 45) ( P = .59, Student t -test). Mean head circumference was 28.2 ± 3.6 cm in the single-course group and 29.2 ± 2.9 cm in the multiple-course group ( P = .15, Student t -test). In regression analysis, birth weights (1757 g and 1752 g) and head circumferences (28.5 cm and 29.0 cm) did not differ significantly different between the single-course and multiple-course groups. Conclusion: Multiple courses of betamethasone do not reduce birth weight or head circumference in neonates compared with single-course therapy.
CHALLENGES OF THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

Despite tremendous progress in the 20th century in increasing life expectancy and spreading freedom and democracy, serious problems of poverty, environmental degradation, gender discrimination, racial and ethnic discord, and social inequality persist in most parts of the world as we enter the 21st century. A dynamic profession of social work, committed internally to knowledge development and to furthering the competence of its members and externally to high quality care giving and to substantive institutional reform, must carve out a role for itself in meeting the great challenge of our time, viz. balancing economic development with social equity.
DEGENERATE FOUR-WAVE MIXING IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND FERROELECTRICS

Semiconductors and ferroelectrics are promising candidate materials for a variety of applications of degenerate four-wave mixing. In this talk, we will review nonlinear mechanisms in each material and compare the performance of both types of materials for degenerate four-wave mixing applications.
Seeing Networks Clearly: The Influence of Holistic-Analytical Thinking Styles on Network Perception

Accurate perception of network relationships is an important determinant of critical organizational processes and outcomes such as leadership and decision-making. In the present study, we advance r...
Differential Interferometric Measurement of Instability in a Hypervelocity Boundary Layer

The prediction of laminar–turbulent transition location in high-speed boundary layers is critical to hypersonic vehicle design because of the weight implications of increased skin friction and surface heating rate after transition. Current work in T5 (the California Institute of Technology’s free piston reflected shock tunnel) includes the study of problems relevant to hypervelocity boundary layer transition on cold-wall slender bodies. With the ability to ground-test hypervelocity flows, the study of energy exchange between the boundary layer instability and the internal energy of the fluid is emphasized. The most unstable mode on a cold-wall slender body at zero angle of incidence is not the viscous instability (as in low-speed boundary layers) but the acoustic instability. Quantitative characterization of this disturbance is paramount to the development of transition location-prediction tools.
How Bob Laughlin tamed the giant graviton from Taub-NUT space

In this paper we show how two dimensional electron systems can be modeled by strings interacting with D-branes. The dualities of string theory allow several descriptions of the system. These include descriptions in terms of solitons in the near horizon D6-brane theory, non-commutative gauge theory on a D2-brane, the Matrix Theory of D0-branes and finally as a giant graviton in M-theory. The soliton can be described as a D2-brane with an incompressible fluid of D0-branes and charged string-ends moving on it. Including an NS5-brane in the system allows for the existence of an edge with the characteristic massless chiral edge states of the Quantum Hall system.
Specific heat of superfluids near the transition temperature

The specific heat of the x-y model is studied on cubic lattices of sizes L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L and on lattices L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}H with L\ensuremath{\gg}H (i.e., on lattices representing a film geometry) using the cluster Monte Carlo method. Periodic boundary conditions were applied in all directions. In the cubic case we obtained the ratio of the critical exponents \ensuremath{\alpha}/\ensuremath{\nu} from the size dependence of the energy density at the critical temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$. Using finite-size scaling theory, we find that while for both geometries our results scale to universal functions, these functions differ for the different geometries. We compare our findings to experimental results and results of renormalization-group calculations.
Phenotypic plasticity in response to breeding density in tree swallows: An adaptive maternal effect?

Territorial animals breeding in high-density environments are more likely to engage in aggressive competition with conspecifics for resources necessary for reproduction. In many avian species, increased competition among breeding females results in increased testosterone concentrations in egg yolks. Generally, elevated yolk testosterone increases nestling growth, competitive behaviors, and bold behavioral traits. However, few studies provide an environmental context with which to examine the potential adaptive benefits of these phenotypic changes. In this study, tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding density was altered to modify levels of social competition and yolk testosterone. We measured nestling growth, competitive ability, and breathing rate in response to a stressor using a partial cross-foster design. Females breeding at high-density experienced more aggressive, competitive interactions and their eggs had higher testosterone concentrations. Nestlings that hatched in high-density environments grew faster and displayed more competitive behaviors and a higher breathing rate response to a stressor regardless of post-hatching density. Our study demonstrates that phenotypic plasticity occurs in response to yolk testosterone variation resulting from different breeding densities. These findings suggest that naturally-induced maternal effects prepare offspring for competitive environments, supporting the idea that maternal effects are adaptive.
Mouse uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase: CDNA cloning, expression, and mapping

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO-decarboxylase; EC 4.1.1.37), the heme biosynthetic enzyme responsible for the conversion of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III, is the enzymatic defect in porphyria cutanea tarda, the most common porphyria. The mouse URO-decarboxylase cDNA was isolated from a mouse adult liver cDNA library. The longest clone of 1.5 kb, designated pmUROD-1, had 5′ and 3′ untranslated sequences of 281 and 97 bp, respectively, and an open reading frame of 1104 bp encoding a 367-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 40,595 Da. The mouse and human coding sequences had 87.8% and 90.0% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively. The authenticity of the mouse cDNA was established by expression of the active enzyme in Escherichia coli. In addition, the analysis of two sets of multilocus genetic crosses localized the mouse gene, Urod, on Chromosome (Chr) 4, consistent with the map location of the human gene to a position of conserved synteny on Chr 1. The availability of the mouse URO-decarboxylase should facilitate studies of the structure and organization of the mouse genomic sequence and the development of a mouse model of this inherited porphyria.
Envelope, please. And the award goes to….

In this issue of Blood , Girard-Gagnepain et al report a potentially important discovery for improved gene transfer to human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for gene therapy of blood cell diseases: a novel retroviral envelope to package (pseudotype) vectors for enhanced gene delivery to human HSCs. 1
Requirements for U2 snRNP addition to yeast pre-mRNA

The in vitro spliceosome assembly pathway is conserved between yeast and mammals as U1 and U2 snRNPs associate with the pre-mRNA prior to U5 and U4/U6 snRNPs. In yeast, U1 snRNP-pre-mRNA complexes are the first splicing complexes visualized on native gels, and association with U1 snRNP apparently commits pre-mRNA to the spliceosome assembly pathway. The current study addresses U2 snRNP addition to commitment complexes. We show that commitment complex formation is relatively slow and does not require ATP, whereas U2 snRNP adds to the U1 snRNP complexes in a reaction that is relatively fast and requires ATP or hydrolyzable ATP analogs. In vitro spliceosome assembly was assayed in extracts derived from strains containing several U1 sRNA mutations. The results were consistent with a critical role for U1 snRNP in early complex formation. A mutation that disrupts the base-pairing between the 5' end of U1 snRNA and the 5' splice site allows some U2 snRNP addition to bypass the ATP requirement, suggesting that ATP may be used to destabilize certain U1 snRNP:pre-mRNA interactions to allow subsequent U2 snRNP addition.
Onset of convection in a fluid saturated porous layer overlying a solid layer which is heated by constant flux

The thermoconvective stability of a porous layer overlying a solid layer is important in seafloor hydrothermal systems and thermal insulation problems. The case for constant flux bottom heating is considered. The critical Rayleigh number for the porous layer is found to increase with the thickness of the solid layer, a result opposite to constant temperature heating.
Simulation in cardiothoracic surgical training: Where do we stand?

Objectives Simulation may reduce the risks associated with the complex operations of cardiothoracic surgery and help create a more efficient, thorough, and uniform curriculum for cardiothoracic surgery fellowship. Here, we review the current status of simulation in cardiothoracic surgical training and provide an overview of all simulation models applicable to cardiothoracic surgery that have been published to date. Methods We completed a comprehensive search of all publications pertaining to simulation of cardiothoracic surgical procedures by using PubMed. Results Numerous cardiothoracic surgical simulators at various stages of development, assessment, and commercial manufacturing have been published to date. There is currently a predominance of models simulating coronary artery bypass grafting and bronchoscopy and a relative paucity of simulators of open pulmonary and esophageal procedures. Despite the wide range of simulators available, few models have been formally assessed for validity and educational value. Conclusions Surgical simulation is becoming an increasingly important educational tool in training cardiothoracic surgeons. Our next steps forward will be to develop an objective, standardized way to assess surgical simulation training compared with the current apprenticeship model.
The state of the art in non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy.

Once considered an ineffective modality in lung cancer, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for this lethal disease. The past few years have seen a plethora of clinical trials evaluating various immunotherapeutic approaches in lung cancer. This article discusses the current status of immunotherapy in non–small cell lung cancer with a review of completed studies and ongoing trials.
Tobacco and Alcohol Use in G-Rated Children's Animated Films

ContextTobacco and alcohol use among youth are major public health problems, but the extent to which children are routinely exposed to tobacco and alcohol products in children's films is unknown.ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with tobacco and alcohol use portrayed in G-rated, animated feature films.DesignAll G-rated, animated feature films released between 1937 and 1997 by 5 major production companies (Walt Disney Co, MGM/United Artists, Warner Brothers Studios, Universal Studios, and 20th Century Fox) that were available on videotape were reviewed for episodes of tobacco and alcohol use.Main Outcome MeasuresPresence of tobacco and alcohol use in each film, type of tobacco or alcohol used, duration of use, type of character using substance (bad, neutral, or good), and any associated effects.ResultsOf 50 films reviewed, 34 (68%) displayed at least 1 episode of tobacco or alcohol use. Twenty-eight (56%) portrayed 1 or more incidences of tobacco use, including all 7 films released in 1996 and 1997. Twenty-five films (50%) included alcohol use. Smoking was portrayed on screen by 76 characters for more than 45 minutes in duration; alcohol use was portrayed by 63 characters for 27 minutes. Good characters use tobacco and alcohol as frequently as bad characters. Cigars and wine are shown in these films more often than other tobacco or alcohol substances.ConclusionsMore than two thirds of animated children's films feature tobacco or alcohol use in story plots without clear verbal messages of any negative long-term health effects associated with use of either substance.
Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Background Despite the existence of effective drug treatments, tuberculosis (TB) causes 2 million deaths annually worldwide. Effective treatment is complicated by multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) strains that respond only to second-line drugs. We projected the health benefits and costeffectiveness of using drug susceptibility testing and second-line drugs in a lower-middleincome setting with high levels of MDR TB.
Membrane topology of human AGPAT3 (LPAAT3).

Integral membrane lysophospholipid acyltransferases (AT) are involved in many reactions that produce phospholipids and triglycerides. Enzymes that utilize lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as an acceptor substrate have been termed LPAATs, and several are members of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) gene family. Amino acid sequence comparisons with other acyltransferases reveal that AGPATs contain four conserved motifs (I–IV), whose invariant residues appear to be important for catalysis and/or substrate recognition. Although the enzymatic activities of many AGPATs are known, for many members their structural organization within membranes and their exact biological functions are unclear. Recently, a new function for AGPATs was discovered when it was determined that human AGPAT3/LPAAT3 is involved in the structure and function of the Golgi complex. Here we have determined the topological orientation of human AGPAT3/LPAAT3. AGPAT3/LPAAT3 possesses two transmembrane domains, one of which separates motifs I and II, which are thought to form a functional unit that is critical for enzymatic activity. This is a surprising result but similar to a recent study on the topology of human LPAAT 1. The data is consistent with a structural arrangement in which motif I is located in the cytoplasm and motif II is in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi lumen, suggesting a different model for AGPAT3/LPAAT3’s enzymatic mechanism.
Estimating solar radiation and evapotranspiration using minimum climatological data

A procedure is introduced to estimate solar radiation and subsequently reference crop evapotranspiration using minimum climatological data. The paper describes a modification to an original equation that uses maximum and minimum temperature to estimate solar radiation and reference crop evapotranspiration. The proposed modification allows for the correction of errors associated with indirect climatological parameters affecting the local temperature range. The proposed modification also improves the accuracy of estimates of solar radiation from temperature.
Gastric emptying in the cat in response to hypertonic solutions and tryptophan.

Studies of gastric emptying were made in ten cats and four dogs, each with a gastric fistula. Test meals of 50 ml (cats) and 300 ml (dogs) containing phenol red as a nonabsorbable marker were instilled into the stomach via the gastric fistula and were drained by gravity 25–30 min later. The test meals were water, hypertonic solutions (250–1000 mosmol/kg) of casein hydrolysate, D glucose, mannitol, glycine,l-alanine,d-alanine, β-alanine;l- andd-tryptophan andl-phenylalanine in concentrations (osmolalities) ranging from 5 to 100 mM. In the cats, gastric emptying was slowed with increasing osmolality of the test solution, and glucose and mannitol were equipotent but much less effective than glycine or casein hydrolysate. This difference in potencies was not found for these substances in the dogs. Gastric emptying was inhibited by tryptophan in the cats, was stereospecific, and only thel form was effective. This inhibition was not due to the effect of tryptophan on acid secretion. Stereospecificity was not found for the osmoreceptor. Combiningl-tryptophan with another neutral amino acid (l-alanine) inhibited the effect of tryptophan. Phenylalanine in concentrations up to 80 mM had no effect on gastric emptying in the cats. These studies indicate differences between cats and dogs in response to osmotic agents and also show that, like the dog, the cat has a tryptophan receptor.
Production and energy flow in the benthic community of a Texas pond

Energy flow (A = R + P; assimilation = respiration + production) and life-history/density-biomass cycles were followed for 1 year in a mayfly (Brachycercus sp.) population and two chironomid (Procladius sp. and Tendipes decorus) populations in a 0.94 ha pond located in north-central Texas. Temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) effects on R and patterns of metabolic compensation/acclimatization were determined for the mayfly and chironomids. Chironomid and mayfly populations dominated the nine benthic macroinvertebrates identified in the pond, with greatest abundances in winter and winter-spring respectively. Annual energy flow was 51 kcal m−2 (R = 40 kcal, P = 11 kcal or 1.9 g) in Brachycercus sp., 23 kcal m−2 (R = 5 kcal, P = 18 kcal or 2.4 g) in Procladius sp. and 74 kcal m−2 (R = 17 kcal, P = 57 kcal or 6.0 g) in T. decorus. Each species metabolically compensated partially to temperatures en countered during their life histories.
Microwave cloaking using resonant and non-resonant dielectric materials

The efficiency of two approaches to cloaking cylindrical objects by using dielectric materials, one based on transformation optics and employing resonant metamaterials and another one based on scattering cancellation and employing ordinary dielectrics, is quantitatively compared. The extension of the cloaking approach using ordinary dielectric materials to designing spherical cloaks is proposed.
Recovery of waste fine coal by oil agglomeration

Abstract Demineralization of Blue Creek coal by selective agglomeration using diesel oil involves high-shear mixing to disperse the diesel in a slurry of fine coal and separation of the resulting agglomerates from the tailings. A total of 54 agglomeration trials were made with thickener underflow from the Jim Walters Resources Inc. No. 4 mine preparation plant. Two additional particle size distributions of the thickener underflow were obtained by wet grinding and all three coals were stored under water. All experiments were performed at room temperature. The feed which has less than 1 wt% of total sulfur is suitable for recovery by oil agglomeration. Ash rejection and recovery of combustibles is approximately 80%. The effects of blending the agglomerates with a coal-water fuel are reported.
Influence of Small-Angle Scattering on Open-Orbit Conduction in Thallium

A measurement of the electrical and thermal magnetoresistance of thallium gives a direct demonstration of the scattering of open-orbit electrons into adjacent closed orbits through the mechanism of small-angle scattering. Potentially, this effect provides a method for determining the efficiency of small-angle scattering in metallic conduction.
Synthesis of Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal by Saffron Stigma-like Structures Proliferated in Vitro

Crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal as the major secondary metabolites are important for the high quality of spice saffron. Crocin and picrocrocin were detected in stigma-like structures proliferated in vitro. Safranal appeared after heat treatment. The contents and relative ratio of these substances in the stigma-like structures were similar to those in intact young stigmas, indicating that these stigma-like structures showed not only morphological but also biochemical similarity to the intact stigmas.
Distributed Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for mitigating the effects of pulsed loads

This paper presents a distributed Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) for mitigating the effects of pulsed loads such as those exist in Shipboard Power Systems (SPS). A comparison between distributed and centralized allocation of FESS was provided with and without the utilization of ultra-capacitors on the DC side. A model for hybrid AC/DC SPS with zonal distribution architecture was built in a simulation software. In order to accurately evaluate the performance of the system, three different case studies are presented with and without the FESS. The results of each case are analyzed and discussed. It can be shown that the distributed allocation of FESS can reduce the overloading on the generators and frequency fluctuations.
The role of hormones and prostanoids in the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of human myoblasts.

Fetal human myoblasts have been employed to examine the role of hormonal factors in human myogenesis. The results show that human myoblast proliferation is stimulated by insulin, hydrocortisone, and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Exposure of human myoblasts preparing to differentiate to either PGE2 or isoproterenol results in the precocious initiation of differentiation (i.e., cell fusion and increase in creatine kinase activity). Three antagonists of prostanoid synthesis, indomethacin, aspirin, and DL-6-chloro-α-methylcarbozole-2-acetic acid, inhibit cell number increase with complete inhibitions of proliferation at 5 × 10−5M indomethacin and 6 × 10−4M aspirin. Reversal of the indomethacin-imposed block is achieved by prostaglandin F2α. The same antagonists of prostanoid synthesis, when added to older cultures, depress prostaglandin E (PGE) levels and inhibit human myoblast differentiation. During differentiation, PGE is present in both the intracellular compartment (0.47 to 0.66 pmol/μg DNA) and the culture medium (1.83 to 4.53 nmol PGE). The results suggest a role for prostanoids in the regulation of both human myoblast proliferation and differentiation. They also demonstrate that the active cyclooxygenase products are produced endogenously by the in vitro myogenic population. The findings are discussed within the context of what is known of the relationship between growth factor and prostanoid actions and the roles of these two categories of hormones in the regulation of myogenesis.
Proteins in solutions at low temperatures.

WE sought solvents which would dissolve proteins and associated substances at or below the temperature of ‘dry ice’ and form glasses remaining clear at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. These desiderata stem from the expectation that at temperatures below that of an irreversible process, reversible reactions occur, and that weakly bonded substances and intermediates may be more readily identified at lower temperatures1. The clear glasses would facilitate the determination of properties at still lower temperatures by optical means. In addition, the solvents would be removable at low temperatures, so that the proteins could be estimated in the usual way in aqueous media for their biological activity, and for the extent of their irreversible denaturation.
An investigation of a hybrid CBR method for failure mechanisms identification

Abstract The correct identification of the underlying mechanism of a failure is an important step in the entire failure analysis process. This study investigates the performance of a hybrid case-based reasoning method that integrates a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network with case-based reasoning (CBR) for the automatic identification of failure mechanisms. The trained MLP neural network provides the basis to obtain attribute weights, whereas CBR serves as a classifier to identify the failure mechanism. Different parameters of the hybrid methods were varied to study their effect. The results indicate that better performance could be (but not always) achieved by the proposed hybrid method than that using conventional CBR or MLP neural networks alone.
*MOD&#8212;A Language for Distributed Programming

Distributed programming is characterized by high communications costs and the inability to use shared variables and procedures for interprocessor synchronization and communication. *MOD is a high-level language system which attempts to address these problems by creating an environment conducive to efficient and reliable network software construction. Several of the *MOD distributed programming constructs are discussed as well as an interprocessor communication methodology. Examples illustrating these concepts are drawn from the areas of network communication and distributed process synchronization.
The energy function for anisotropic materials with couple stresses—cubic and hexagonal systems

Abstract In this paper, the theory of couple stresses developed by Toupin is adopted. The invariants for the energy function appropriate to second-order theory are derived for each of the classes of the cubic system and of the hexagonal system of anisotropic media with the effects of the couple stresses included.
The capacity region of Gaussian cognitive radio channels to within 1.81 bits

We make use of the deterministic high-SNR approximation of the Gaussian cognitive radio channel to gain insights in deriving inner and outer bounds for any SNR. We show that the derived bounds are at most 1.81 bits apart for any SNR.
PERSONALIZATION OF INSTRUCTION BASED UPON COGNITIVE STYLE MAPPING: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY

One of the problems facing gerontological educators today is the demand for individualization or personalization of instruction. This paper describes a procedure that has been successfully utilized in other areas to meet this demand. Appropriate application of the materials presented here will undoubtedly make gerontological education more relevant to the needs of its students.
Origins and spread of the "Giessen Model" in university science.

AbstractIn seeking to understand the rise of Justus Liebig's model for research and teaching, three interrelated and overlapping factors intrinsic to his specialty of organic chemistry have not been sufficiently brought into the explanatory field: the discovery of isomers, the novel practice of using “paper tools,” and the “Kaliapparat” method of organic analysis. The existence of these three interacting factors, all of which emerged suddenly and essentially simultaneously around 1830, led to an explosive expansion in the new field of organic chemistry. Moreover, they made it a uniquely positioned context within which to create in Germany the practices that eventually were associated with all modern research universities. For comparative purposes, the spread of the new model to France, and, more briefly, to the United States is also examined here. The eclectic approach used in this paper places greater emphasis on contingencies of time, place, and discipline than many earlier studies of this problem have ...
Measurement of the enthalpies of complexation of thorium with multiple fluoride ligands

Titration calorimetry has been utilized to study the aqueous solution chemistry of the Th4++F− system. Enthalpies of the first three complexation reactions have been measured at an ionic strength of 0.5M at 25°C, and corresponding entropy values have been calculated. Results for the first complex are in good agreement with an established electrostatic model of metal-fluoride bonding.
PERCEIVED RECEPTIVITY OF SOCIOLOGY FACULTY AND ADMINISTRATION TOWARD MINORITIES OF RACE, RELIGION, AND SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS (2008 MSSA PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS)

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether sociologists in particular and institutions in general are perceived to make life easier for people who are different in terms of sexual orie...
The Effects of Alcohol Problems and Smoking on Delay Discounting in Individuals with Gambling Problems

Abstract Problem gambling is an addictive behavior with high comorbidity with alcohol problems and smoking. A common feature shared by these conditions is impulsivity. Past research shows that individuals with any of these addictions discount delayed money at higher rates than those without, and that the presence of gambling and substance use lead to additive effects on discounting. To date, however, no study examined the impact of smoking on these associations. The goals of this study were to compare the discounting rates of gamblers with and without histories of alcohol problems and smoking, and assess the associations these addictions might have on discounting. We analyzed the discounting rates of treatment-seeking gamblers categorized into four groups based on their histories of alcohol and smoking. Results revealed effects of history of alcohol problems, and an interaction between smoking and alcohol problems, on discounting. Never smokers with histories of alcohol problems discounted money less stee...
Infertility On E!: Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Reality Television

Celebrities rarely “come out” as infertile or as having employed Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). While Halle Berry expressed “surprise” at being pregnant at forty-six, her publicist stat...
Akt blockade downregulates collagen and upregulates MMP1 in human dermal fibroblasts.

Acutely transforming retrovirus AKT8 in rodent T-cell lymphoma (Akt) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in survival, cell-cycle progression, and cell proliferation, and has recently been implicated in collagen regulation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Akt in collagen deposition by normal dermal fibroblasts, and to determine the sensitivity of cultured systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts to Akt inhibition. We show that blockade of Akt using pharmacological inhibitors, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and a dominant-negative Akt mutant led to inhibition of the basal type I collagen production. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt upregulated basal matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) production and reversed the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on MMP1 gene expression. In addition, SSc fibroblasts were more sensitive to Akt inhibition, with respect to collagen and MMP1 production. These findings suggest that in human dermal fibroblasts, Akt has dual profibrotic effects, increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing its degradation via downregulation of MMP1. Akt could directly contribute to elevated collagen in SSc fibroblasts and it may represent an attractive target for therapy of SSc fibrosis.
Human Ovarian Tumor Cells Escape γδ T Cell Recognition Partly by Down Regulating Surface Expression of MICA and Limiting Cell Cycle Related Molecules

Background Mechanisms of human Vγ2Vδ2 T cell-mediated tumor immunity have yet to be fully elucidated.
Late onset cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients: de novo reactivation in recurrent hepatitis C virus hepatitis

Late onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (occurring more than 1 year post-transplant] was documented in two liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C virus hepatitis in the absence of factors known to precipitate CMV disease, i. e., primary acquisition of CMV, allograft rejection, augmented immunosuppression, concomitant infections, or blood transfusions. Both patients had CMV enteritis (with CMV adrenalitis in one case]; however, other symptoms and signs of overt CMV infection, i. e., fever, leukopenia, or atypical lymphocytes, were lacking. Hepatitis C virus is an immunomodulatory virus; impaired CMV-specific T-cell responses may have accounted for the predisposition of our patients to unprovoked, late onset CMV disease. Given the high incidence of hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation, awareness of the occurrence and recognition of the unusual presentation of CMV disease in this setting is both clinically relevant and significant, particularly since CMV is treatable if recognized promptly.
Soybean growth and yield after simulated bean leaf beetle injury to seedlings

Although the bean leaf beetle [Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster)] is a major pest of seedling soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], the effects of beetle injury on soybean growth and yield are poorly understood. This study was conducted to characterize growth and yield responses of soybean to simulated bean leaf beetle injury occurring during seedling stages. Also, single-day and sequential defoliation techniques were compared. The study was conducted on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) in a soybean ('Elgin 87') field near Mead, NE. Treatments consisted of an undefoliated check and various levels (0-80%) of simulated bean leaf beetle defoliation (sequential and single-day) and/or cotyledon removal [...]
Adjoining units to residuated Boolean algebras

We consider a varietyV ofr-algebras, — residuated Boolean algebras, — and ask under what conditions a memberA ofV can be embedded in a memberA' having a unit element. The answer, although quite simple, is somewhat surprising for two reasons. First, to a large extent the answer is independent of the varietyV, as long asV is closed under canonical extensions. This is so because if any extension ofA has a unit, then the canonical extension has a unit. The second surprise is that, for varietiesV closed under canonical extensions, the members for which this extension has a unit form a subvariety with a very simple equational basis relatively toV. Applied to the variety of all relation algebras, this latter result solves a problem of long standing due toA. Tarski. This problem was solved independently by H. Andreka and I. Nemeti.
Prices, interest rates, and the monetary standard: A study of the Gibson-Kitchin phenomenon☆

Abstract This paper analyzes the correlation between interest rates and prices that has persisted for the past 250 years: the Gibson-Kitchin phenomenon. We find that the Gibson-Kitchin phenomenon is not stationary throughout history. The stochastic process of prices and interest rates went through a significant structural change when the United States and Britain switched their monetary system from the gold standard to fiduciary standard. We do find convincing evidence for the presence of the Gibson-Kitchin phenomenon in the gold standard era. There was no significant trace of the Gibson-Kitchin phenomenon in the nongold standard era. We propose a “quantity theory of gold” hypothesis to explain these findings.