cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Establishing reference values for cervical spine range of motion in pre-pubescent children

Abstract Medical professionals, physical therapists, product designers, and computational models all use cervical spine range of motion reference values. To support these functions, researchers have collected a plethora of data to determine the normal range of motion of the cervical spine of adult subjects. However, little to no data exists for subjects under the age of 14. This study utilized the cervical range of motion device, referenced with respect to the Frankfort Plane, to measure the active cervical spine range of motion in all three cardinal planes of the human body, for 106 subjects whose ages ranged from 8 to 10 years. The active range of motion for flexion, extension, lateral extension, and rotation was calculated as 66±13°, 85±14°, 58±8°, and 77±7°, respectively, using linear statistics. The observed data significantly differed from the published American Medical Association guidelines for adults but fell within the range of the reference values for 10 year olds. Stratifying and analyzing the range of motion data with respect to gender yielded no significant effect. Appendix A analyzes the data using angular statistics, and produces virtually identical results as those from linear statistics.
Ferroelectricity, Domain Structure, and Phase Transitions of Barium Titanate

A summarizing account is given of the research on barium titanate in progress at the Laboratory for Insulation Research at M. I. T. since 1943. The investigations have led to an understanding of the mechanism of ferroelectricity in the titanates and to discoveries such as the piezoelectric effect in the ceramics and the domain structure of the single crystals of BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The high dielectric constant, field strength and temperature sensitivity, and piezo-response of the barium titanate dielectrics make them useful for numerous technical applications.
Quantifying the diversification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) during primary infection: estimates of the in vivo mutation rate.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is present in the host with multiple variants generated by its error prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Little is known about the initial viral diversification and the viral life cycle processes that influence diversity. We studied the diversification of HCV during acute infection in 17 plasma donors, with frequent sampling early in infection. To analyze these data, we developed a new stochastic model of the HCV life cycle. We found that the accumulation of mutations is surprisingly slow: at 30 days, the viral population on average is still 46% identical to its transmitted viral genome. Fitting the model to the sequence data, we estimate the median in vivo viral mutation rate is 2.5×10−5 mutations per nucleotide per genome replication (range 1.6–6.2×10−5), about 5-fold lower than previous estimates. To confirm these results we analyzed the frequency of stop codons (N = 10) among all possible non-sense mutation targets (M = 898,335), and found a mutation rate of 2.8–3.2×10−5, consistent with the estimate from the dynamical model. The slow accumulation of mutations is consistent with slow turnover of infected cells and replication complexes within infected cells. This slow turnover is also inferred from the viral load kinetics. Our estimated mutation rate, which is similar to that of other RNA viruses (e.g., HIV and influenza), is also compatible with the accumulation of substitutions seen in HCV at the population level. Our model identifies the relevant processes (long-lived cells and slow turnover of replication complexes) and parameters involved in determining the rate of HCV diversification.
Electric Welding by the Carbon Arc

This paper discusses the butt welding of steel sheets by the carbon arc process. It explains first that autogenous welding is divided into two main classes, viz., gas and electric; that electric arc welding is divided into two classes, viz., metallic and carbon arc. Gas and metallic arc welding in general require beveling of plates for butt welds while carbon arc welding does not. The controlling variables in carbon arc welding are (1) amperes in the arc, (2) voltage across the arc, (3) magnetic field about the arc, (4) atmosphere about the arc, (5) speed of feed, and (6) filling-in material. Discussion is given of the effect of each of these variables of the resulting weld with special reference to the action of a magnetic field parallel to the direction of the arc upon the current in the arc and the effect of the atmosphere about the arc on the ductility of the resulting weld.
Theoretical and empirical specification of a model of informal labeling

Recently criminologists have begun to explore the importance of disaggregating frequency measures of self-reported delinquency into the separate decisions of initiation and continuation. Given that labeling makes predictions concerning continuation, the purpose of this paper is twofold. The first is to test the ability of an informal labeling model to predict the decision to continue delinquent behavior once it is initiated. The second purpose is to address the broader question of whether disaggregation matters. The findings support the idea that the informal labeling model is predictive of the decision to continue delinquent behavior. The findings also suggest that, at least for a measure of general delinquency, there are some differences to be found by choosing the appropriate sample and form of the dependent variable.
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF La2Li0.5Cu0.5O4

Abstract La 2 Li 0.5 Cu 0.5 O 4 has been investigated by electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy at room temperature. Ordering between Li and Cu cations is nearly perfect within the ( a , c ) plane but there is disorder between Cu and Li cations along the b axis. The detection of weak reflections which violate the C centering of the Cmmm space group (initially proposed [1] for this compound), indicates that the crystal symmetry allows lattice distortions. The evolution of the structure as a function of the temperature may lead to the determination of whether the low energy singlet–triplet excitation, found in NMR/NQR studies, is coupled with lattice distortions.
Use of Life Insurance to Fund the Farm Purchase from Heirs

General stochastic dominance is used to analyze the use of life insurance versus installment payments to fund the purchase of a decedent's business interest from off-farm heirs. Generally, a risk preferrer prefers an installment purchase. The percentage of insurance funding preferred increases as aversion to risk increases. Higher income tax rates, lower discount rates, and lower premium costs move the preference for greater percentages of life insurance to lower levels of risk aversion. The funding decision clearly depends upon the characteristics of the individuals involved in the business. Nevertheless, partial funding with life insurance appears optimal in many cases. The importance of an orderly transfer of farm property to on-farm heirs is well known (Harl, Thomas and Boehlje). Although equal devolution has been popular in rural areas, it creates problems for on-farm heirs as they attempt to purchase or control business shares of offfarm heirs (Harris). This paper analyzes the use of life insurance to fund the purchase of the farm business from nonfarm heirs upon the death of a parent or other property owner. The policy owner is the on-farm heir, not the insured individual, and upon death the proceeds are used to purchase the business from the off-farm heirs. This use differs from the typical
The incidence of pacemaker dysfunction during helicopter air medical transport

Abstract A number of recent publications have raised concern regarding in-flight pacemaker dysfunction during air medical transport. Unfortunately the clinical importance of this problem is unknown. The authors' purpose was to examine the incidence of pacemaker use and malfunction during helicopter air medical transport, using an incidence (cohort) study of an air medical service of a tertiary-care teaching hospital. During the study period, April 1, 1987 through December 31, 1991 2,388 patients were air-transported. Cardiac patients constituted 72% of the total population. Pacemakers were used in 44 patients, temporary transvenous pacemakers in 35, permanent transvenouse in five, and transcutaneous pacers in four patients. No rate-responsive pacemakers were transported. No episodes of pacemaker malfunction were observed (95% confidence interval 0 to .002 for the population as a whole). The authors conclude that pacemaker dysfunction during air medical transport is a very rare occurrence, in part due to the infrequent transport of patients requiring these devices.
Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) on Patient Health-Related Behaviors and Issues

The pharmaceutical industry spends billions of dollars annually on direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA). Patient perspectives on the impact of televised DTCA on health-related behaviors and issues were assessed by means of a 68-question survey. 58.6% of respondents believed that DTCA allowed consumers to have a more active role in managing their health. However, 27.6% felt DTCA caused confusion, and an alarming 17.8% of respondents stopped taking their medication because of concerns about serious side effects mentioned in DTCA. Overall, participants believed DTCA plays a useful role in health self-management; however, a considerable percentage thought that the cost outweighs the benefits.
Design of Transition Metal Complexes with High Quantum Yields for Ligand Substitution: Efficient Photochemical Chelate Ring Closure in Cyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl Derivatives

The quantum yields for photosubstitution of (η5-C5H4R)Mn(CO)3 (R = H, COCH3, COCH2OCH3, COCH2SCH3, CO(CH2)2SCH3, CH2CO2CH3, (CH2)2CO2CH3)) in heptane for 337 nm irradiation are 0.67, 0.82, 0.64, 1.00, 0.82, 0.80, and 1.05, respectively. The yields of ring-closed products were determined for the sulfur-containing complexes while the yields of substitution with dispersed ligands were determined for the remaining complexes since the ring-closed products were not stable. In contrast to a previous study for cyclopentadienylmanganese complexes the quantum yields were found to change with the structure of a substituent. The results for R = COCH2SCH3 and (CH2)2CO2CH3 are apparently the first bona fide examples of unit quantum yields for organometallic complexes in solution. It is proposed that after CO dissociation that selected ring substituents can trap the metal center before CO can recombine with the metal.
Determination of interfering triazine degradation products by gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry

Abstract Deethylatrazine (DEA), an atrazine degradation product, has been added to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL). In its gas chromatographic analysis, DEA can coelute with deisopropylatrazine (DIA), another degradation product. The present work demonstrates that the coelution of DEA and DIA can induce a significant (up to ∼50%) positive bias in the DEA determination, when using an ion-trap mass spectrometer as the detector. The DIA determination is unaffected by the coelution within experimental error. This may be explained in terms of gas-phase ion fragment populations. A correction factor to the observed DEA concentration may be developed based on the measured DIA concentration.
Use of complementary therapies, adherence, and quality of life in lung transplant recipients

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by lung transplant patients and to determine whether CAM users differ from nonusers with respect to health status, quality of life, or medical adherence. Methods: A mailed survey seeking CAM, quality of life, and adherence information was sent to 145 lung transplant recipients, and 99 responded. Results: The majority (88%) used at least 1 form of CAM (median, 2; range, 0-17). Prayer (68%), support groups (43%), and relaxation techniques (31%) were the most common. Only 44% of users reported discussing CAM with their providers. CAM users were adherent to their transplant regimen. Few differences were found between CAM users and nonusers. Education, high symptom burden, female sex, and depression symptoms were associated with various types of CAM use. Conclusion: Most lung transplant recipients are using CAM. Providers must explore potential for interaction or enhancement between CAM and standard therapy to optimize care. (Heart Lung® 2001;30:258-68.)
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN VIVO OF HIPPOCAMPAL CA1 PYRAMIDAL NEURONS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF NEURONAL MIGRATION DISORDERS

Cortical dysgenesis arising from neuronal migration disorders is closely associated with intractable epilepsy in humans. We used extracellular field potential and conventional intracellular recordings from the dorsal hippocampus of intact adult rats to determine if the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells was enhanced in rats with experimentally induced hippocampal dysplasia. Electrical stimulation of afferent fibers resulted in more robust population responses in the CA1 region of irradiated rats versus controls. Synaptic inhibition of pyramidal cells was also reduced in these animals. These results suggest that the excitability of the CA1 region in rats with hippocampal dysplasia is greater than in control animals.
294 NOREPINEPHRINE (NE) AND EPINEPHRINE (E) LEVELS AT BIRTH AND DURING THE FIRST 48 HOURS OF LIFE IN THE HUMAN

Circulating levels of NE and E were measured in cord artery, cord vein and in mixed venous blood during the first 48 hours of life in vaginally and C-section delivered full-term infants. In addition, maternal catecholamine (CAT) levels were measured immediately prior to delivery. CAT were measured by radioenzymatic assay using 50 μl plasma. Mean results are shown in pg/ml. CAT levels were markedly elevated at birth and NE was the predominant CAT. Cord artery CAT significantly exceeded cord venous levels. CAT levels were similar in infants of vaginal and C-section deliveries. Levels of NE and E fell rapidly after birth. Conclusions: 1) Cord blood CAT levels are increased in term infants, the predominant response is NE; 2) the increase is not due to the stress of vaginal delivery; 3) during the first 12 hours of life, newborn CAT levels are only moderately elevated above resting adult levels.
The Direction of Blood Flow in Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Arising from the Pulmonary Artery

An infant with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is presented, and the problem of the direction of blood flow in the anomalous vessel is discussed. Determinations of arterial pressure and oxygen saturation in the blood of the anomalous artery have demonstrated that the blood in this vessel flowed in a retrograde manner. It is concluded that in this condition oxygenated blood flows from the aorta into the normal right coronary artery and passes through collateral branches into the left coronary artery with ultimate drainage of the blood into the pulmonary artery. Ligation of the anomalous coronary artery with concomitant de-epicardialization appears to be a rational and effective method of therapy. For maximal effectiveness the operation should be performed prior to the onset of irreversible changes, and emphasis is placed upon the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
The identification of slapstick comedy using automatic affective video indexing techniques

The research presented herein provides exciting findings in the field of automatic affective video indexing. Because advances in multimedia technologies have resulted in extensive digital video libraries, automatic methods are needed to assist users in finding videos with the content they desire. A growing area of research in the field is affective video indexing. This area of research attempts to identify video content that is affective, or emotional in nature. Slapstick comedy is a widely popular humor technique found in videos. Slapstick has features that make it a desirable target for automatic affective video indexing strategies. This research is the first of its kind to use computer-based methods to not only identify slapstick comedy in videos, but to pinpoint the location of the slapstick event. The key break-through of the research is that the targeted content was identified using the low-level video characteristics, rather than relying on human-generated labeling. This study provides positive results along with approaches to future research that are aimed at expanding the field of automatic affective video indexing.
The tectum and the aqueduct of Sylvius in hydrocephalus unassociated with myelomeningocele.

SUMMARY The brains of 30 children with hydrocephalus (but not myelomeningocele) were examined. It was found that secondary pressures on the tectum and aqueduct resulting from the hydrocephalus were responsible for further obstruction at this level in 15 of the 30 children and that they contributed to axial distortion in another 11 children. Occlusion of the aqueduct occurred as a result either of these external pressures or of internal gliosis. These events form a self-sustaining cycle which, if broken early, may lead to a more satisfactory control of the hydrocephalus. RESUME La valvule de Vieussens et l'aqueduc de Sylvius dans l'ydrocephalie sans myelomeningocele Les cervaux de 30 enfants hydrocephales (sans myelomeningocele) ont ete examines. On a observe que les pressions secondaires sur les valvules de Vieussens et l'aqueduc de Sylvius, resultant de l'hydrocephalie, etaient responsables d'obstructions ulterieures a ce niveau chez 15 des 30 enfants et qu'elles contribuaient a une distorsion axiale chez 11 autres enfants. L'occlusion de l'aqueduc apparait comme le resultat de ces pressions externes ou d'une gliose interne. L'ensemble forme un cercle vicieux qui, s'il est brise precocement, peut conduire a un controle plus satisfaisant de l'hydrocephalie. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Tectum und der Aquaeductus Sylvii beim Hydrocephalus ohne Myelomeningocele Die Gehirne von 30 Kindern mit Hydrocephalus (aber ohne Myelomeningocele) sind untersucht worden. Es fand sich, das sekundare Druckeinwirkungen durch den Hydrocephalus auf das Tectum und den Aquaeductus fur zunehmende Obstruktion in diesem Bereich bei 15 von 30 Kindern verantwortlich zu machen waren und das sie bei weiteren 11 Kindern eine axiale Distorsion mit verursachten. Diese Ablaufe bilden einen sich selbst erhaltenden Cyclus, der bei fruhzeitiger Durchbrechung vielleicht zu einer zufriedenstellenderen Kontrolle des Hydrocephalus fuhren kann. RESUME El tectum y el acueducto de Silvio en la hidrocefalia no asociada con mielomeningocele Se examinaron los cerebros de 30 ninos con hidrocefalia (sin mielomeningocele). Se hallo que las presiones secundarias sobre el tectum y el acueducto, resultado de la hidrocefalia, eran responsables de una obstruccion mas tarde a este nivel en 15 de los 30 ninos y que contribuyeron a una distorsion axial en 11 ninos. La oclusion del acueducto ocurrio como resultado de estas presiones externas o de una gliosis interna. Estos acontecimientos forman un ciclo cerrado que, si se rompe precozmente, puede conducir a un control mas satisfactorio de la hidrocefalia.
Novel format chromatographic columns for improved overall analytical performance

In this work, we have developed gas chromatography columns using microfabrication techniques and interfaced them using compression sealing technique to enable high temperature (~400°C) operation. Specifically, we present graphite compression sealing technique to achieve leak-proof fluidic interconnection between the inlet tubing and the microchannel, thus removing the limiting factor of epoxy and allowing for high temperature operations. This approach also represents a significant improvement from previous designs in which the tubing are interfaced to the microfluidic channel from the side of the chip resulting which results in significant band broadening and tailing, as well as making the device less amenable to automatic installation. The microfabricated gas chromatography (μGC) column has been successfully used to perform high temperature gas separation.
Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on sedatives and tranquilizers among U.S. adults: Psychiatric and socio-demographic correlates

Abstract Background Non-medical use of sedatives and tranquilizers carries risks including development of abuse/dependence. Such use may correlate with psychiatric symptoms. Methods Cross-sectional survey, the 2002–2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Respondents 18 years and older (n = 92,020). Bivariate and multivariable associations were investigated. Results The prevalence of past-year non-medical use of sedatives or tranquilizers was 2.3%. Of those with non-medical use, 9.8% met criteria for abuse/dependence. On multivariable analysis, panic symptoms and elevated serious mental illness scores were associated with past-year non-medical use. Also, the following past-year socio-demographic and substance use covariates were associated with past-year non-medical sedative or tranquilizer use: female sex, white/hispanic/other ethnicity, criminal arrest, uninsurance, unemployment, alcohol abuse or dependence, cigarette use, illicit drug use, younger age of initiating illicit substance use, and any history of IV drug use. Among those with sedative or tranquilizer use, those with abuse/dependence were more likely to have agoraphobic symptoms. In addition, they were more likely to be older, unmarried, have a low education level and have been arrested. Conclusions Non-medical use of sedatives and tranquilizers is common. Furthermore, nearly 10% of those with non-medical use meet criteria for abuse/dependence. Anxiety symptoms associated with non-medical use (panic symptoms) and abuse/dependence (agoraphobia) should alert clinicians to screen for these problems and consider alternate treatment or referral.
Switch-less dual-frequency reconfigurable CMOS oscillator using one single piezoelectric AlN MEMS resonator with co-existing S0 and S1 Lamb-wave modes

For the first time, this work demonstrates a switch-less dual-frequency (472-MHz and 1.94-GHz) reconfigurable CMOS oscillator using a single piezoelectric AlN MEMS resonator with co-existing S0 and S1 Lamb-wave modes of vibration. High performances (high Q and k t 2 for a resonator and low phase noise for an oscillator) have been achieved for both the resonator and oscillator in terms of dual-mode operation. Especially, the 1.94-GHz operation has the best phase noise performance when compared with all previously reported CMOS oscillators that work at a similar frequency.
Terrestrial Planet Finder: technology development plans

One of humanity's oldest questions is whether life exists elsewhere in the universe. The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission will survey stars in our stellar neighborhood to search for planets and perform spectroscopic measurements to identify potential biomarkers in their atmospheres. In response to the recently published President's Plan for Space Exploration, TPF has plans to launch a visible-light coronagraph in 2014, and a separated-spacecraft infrared interferometer in 2016. Substantial funding has been committed to the development of the key technologies that are required to meet these goals for launch in the next decade. Efforts underway through industry and university contracts and at JPL include a number of system and subsystem testbeds, as well as components and numerical modeling capabilities. The science, technology, and design efforts are closely coupled to ensure that requirements and capabilities will be consistent and meet the science goals.
Effect of immunization with attenuated Mycobacterium bovis on experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Administration of attenuated Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or BCG) provides nonspecific resistance to a variety of microbial infections and tumors. This is associated with a state of augmented immunologic responsiveness. Mustering defenses against intracellular parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, presents a special problem that can be met only by measures that alter the intracellular environment. Our study was designed to evaluate the effect of prior immunization of rabbits with BCG on experimental toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. One group of rabbits was immunized by the intravenous administration of BCG, another group by the retrobulbar injection of BCG, and a third group, unvaccinated, served as a control. Intravenous immunization provided significant protection against Toxoplasma organisms injected into the suprachoroidal space. In the immunized rabbits, the onset of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis was delayed and the severity of the disease reduced. Although Toxoplasma was isolated from the chorioretinal tissues of both BCG-immunized and control rabbits, Toxoplasma antibody was not (with one exception) detected in the sera of BCG-immunized rabbits. While vaccination by the retrobulbar route produced little or no effect, intravenous administration of BCG provided nonspecific resistance to Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in rabbits.
A Swift SIFT for Satellite Event Detection

The Space Incident Flagging Technique (SIFT) is a method used to monitor the satellite ephemerides to detect changes that are out of the ordinary compared to the object’s historical behavior. For over two years SIFT has been incorporated into the Space Situation Monitoring Laboratory (SSML), a web-based system to monitor the near Earth space environment and provide automated notifications of unusual activity. We describe the implementation of SIFT within the SSML, discuss practical issues in that deployment, and detail specific improvements and modifications that provide much more timely detection of anomalous satellite behavior.
Nutrition Screening vs Nutrition Assessment: How Do They Differ?

Interest in nutrition screening has increased rapidly due to regulatory requirements as well as the known adverse impact of nutrition deficits on outcomes of hospitalization. Screening programs now in use in acute care are often complex and difficult to administer. Current interest in evaluation of all aspects of healthcare using evidence-based methods requires that nutrition screening programs be thoroughly evaluated. Clinicians attempting to evaluate evidence in support of different methods to identify patients who might have nutrition problems are often confronted with research that blurs the distinction between screening and assessment. Therefore, before identifying methods to conduct nutrition screening, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the difference between screening and assessment. A review of terms, definitions, and programs for screening in other areas of healthcare will provide some guidance to the clinician faced with development, implementation, and monitoring of nutrition screening programs. This facilitates development of nutrition assessment programs so that patients who have a nutrition screen are assessed in a timely fashion and receive appropriate nutrition interventions.
Politics, Principal–Agent Problems, and Public Service Motivation

ABSTRACT In this essay I make two related points about public service motivation. First, despite advances in public service motivation measurement at the level of individuals, little is known about the channels by which organizations develop a workforce comprised of people with high levels of PSM. I discuss recent political science scholarship suggesting that this development is endogenous to both personnel policies and the political position of bureaucratic agencies. Second, I contend that PSM in a workforce is useful at an organizational level primarily because it helps in mitigating or “solving” specific principal–agent problems, though it can also intensify others.
Poverty in nonmetropolitan America: impacts of industrial, employment, and family structure variables.

Abstract Poverty is more extensive and more severe in nonmetropolitan areas than in metropolitan areas. Here we maintain that the extensive industrial and economic transformations occurring in rural areas have resulted in patterns contributing to these high poverty levels. These transformations, which include an increase in service-sector employment, in many ways mirror the economic changes that have occurred in the inner city. We maintain that Wilson's model of the inner-city underclass can be useful in understanding some poverty trends in nonmetropolitan areas. To test the Wilson model, we analyze 1990 census data. The data generally support the model and indicate that the industrial transformation of rural areas leads to changes in the gender structure of the labor force, and to a more unbalanced sex ratio. These changes, in turn, result in adjustments to family structure, including an increase in the percentage of female-headed households. This process results in higher poverty levels.
Introduction to engineering concepts for middle, junior high, and high school teachers

The future of any country lies in its ability to use its resources to build a technological resource base. One of these critical resources are the youth still in secondary schools who need encouragement and practical examples to help them learn about and want to choose careers in engineering and technology. Hence, the objective is to introduce engineering and technology to Arkansas middle, junior high, and high school students with the assistance of school teachers. A pilot teacher training workshop will take place during July of 1995. One teacher from fifteen middle, junior high, and high schools will attend the three week workshop at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. During the workshop the teachers will learn about engineering concepts and the role of engineers in society. Teachers will also be exposed to technology used in engineering companies which they may not see otherwise. A workbook of suggested engineering discussions and activities will be provided to the teachers who will work on several of these activities during the workshop. This paper describes the organization of the workshop activities and the process of how workshop materials will be developed. Instructions to access workshop activities and lab exercises is also included.
Measurement of Multidimensional Sport Performance Anxiety in Children and Adults: The Sport Anxiety Scale-2

This article describes the development and validation of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2), a multidimensional measure of cognitive and somatic trait anxiety in sport performance settings. Scale development was stimulated by fi ndings that the 3-factor structure of the original Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS; Smith, Smoll, & Schutz, 1990) could not be reproduced in child samples and that several items on the scale produced confl icting factor loadings in adult samples. Alternative items having readability levels of grade 4 or below were therefore written to create a new version suitable for both children and adults. Exploratory and confi rmatory factor analyses replicated the original SAS factor structure at all age levels, yielding separate 5-item subscales for Somatic Anxiety, Worry, and Concentration Disruption in samples as young as 9 to 10 years of age. The SAS-2 has stronger factorial validity than the original scale did, and construct validity research indicates that scores relate to other psychological measures as expected. The scale reliably predicts precompetition state anxiety scores and proved sensitive to anxiety-reduction interventions directed at youth sport coaches and parents.
Public versus Private Perceptions on Hiring an External Program Manager

As construction industry service providers have expanded their service offerings to meet the demands of construction owners, new management techniques have evolved. One of these management techniques, program management, has emerged as a service offering that covers all aspects of the construction life cycle. This paper reviews specific topics related to the hiring of an external program management service provider, including fees, types of firms, factors considered, and organizational models. Each of these topics was addressed in a recent survey of nonresidential construction industry owners. The survey results are first presented for all respondents and are then segregated by sector (public and private sector respondents). It is apparent that the use of program management firms is still lacking in comparison to the use of other firms and service providers and that construction owners typically use an organizational model that allows them to retain control of their construction program, which true external program management does not. Also, the survey results showed differences between the public and private sectors in the factors considered when hiring a program manager. Because program management is the ultimate form of outsourcing, it is both a particularly timely topic and a topic that is very relevant to construction professionals.
Developmental craniofacial anthropometry: Assessment of race effects.

Differences in craniofacial anatomy among racial groups have been documented in a variety of structures, but the oral and maxillofacial regions have been shown to be a particularly defining region of variability between different racial/ethnic groups. Such comparisons are informative, but they neither address developmental changes of the craniofacial anatomy nor do they assess or take into account the natural variability within individual races that may account for similar reported, across-group variations. The purpose of this report was to compare—using medical imaging studies—the growth trend of select race-sensitive craniofacial variables in the oral and pharyngeal regions when all races [White, Asian, Black, and Hispanic (AR)] are included versus only a single race category [White (WR)]. Race effect was tested by comparing sex-specific growth fits (fourth degree polynomial model) for AR versus WR data. Findings indicate that the inclusion of all races versus a single race did not significantly alter the growth model fits. Thus, the inclusion of all races permits the advancement of general growth models; however, methodologically, it is best to treat the race variable as a covariate in all future analysis to test for both potential all race effects or individual race effects, on general growth models. Clin. Anat. 22:800‐808, 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pricing Systems as Related to Milk Composition Variability

Abstract Milk pricing systems should be changed under Federal orders and in manufacturing markets so as to reflect variability in the protein as well as in the milk fat content of milk. The suggested method in fluid milk markets is: milk fat price – 11.5% of the Chicago price of butter for each .1% of fat, applicable to each class price and to the blend; protein price – 3 cents for each .1% of protein (with later adjustment upward), applicable to each class price and to the blend; fluid price – the residual value per hundredweight needed to give present class prices for milk of average test, and to "clear the pool" in the blend price.
Mutagenesis of an Amino Acid Residue in the Activator-Binding Site of Cyanobacterial ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Causes Alteration in Activator Specificity

Abstract The specificity for activator of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is closely related to the corresponding major carbon-assimilation pathway. The enzyme from Escherichia coli is mainly activated by fructose-1,6- P 2 , while the cyanobacterial, algal, and higher-plant enzymes are activated by 3- P -glycerate. Previous results have shown that Lys 39 of the E. coli enzyme is involved in the binding of fructose-1,6- P 2 while for the Anabaena enzyme, lysine residues 382 and 419 have been shown to be involved in the binding of 3-phosphoglycerate. This report shows that if Lys 419 of the Anabaena enzyme is changed to glutamine, activation of the cyanobacterial enzyme by fructose-1,6- P 2 becomes more effective than that of 3- P -glycerate activation of the Anabaena wild-type enzyme, suggesting that these two compounds bind to the same site. Thus a change of one amino acid at the activator binding domain can affect the specificity of activation of the Anabaena ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Traditional healers in a region of Mysore.

Abstract A survey of the traditional healers in a region of Mysore State in India revealed that there are some common structural features between the indigenous system of medicine in the villages and modern medicine as practiced in India's cities and throughout the West. The traditional healers seem to provide the bulk of primary medical care services to the rural population in the villages included in this survey. The healers were generally favorable towards public health programs, particularly the family planning program, but there was little evidence of cooperation between the governmental health system and the indigenous system of medical practice.
Tests For Compliance With Phased Plans To Equalize Discriminate Wages

Organizational policies and programs to correct for historical inequities in wages between employee groups are becoming increasingly evident, especially those which address gender-based wage discrimination. However, no systematic means for monitoring the progress of such a program appears to exist. This paper presents fair and objective tests for compliance with such a phased plan Procedures are suggested for testing compliance not only at ht aggregate level, but for individuals as well.
Introducing gaming tools for computing education in STEM related curricula

In this paper, we provide an overview of two Computer Science for High School teacher training workshops, offered at Fairfield University in 2012 and 2013. These professional development programs offered the skills necessary to integrate Google Apps education and interactive, metaphor-based computer games tools into middle and high school curricula, to help students learn computer science and engineering concepts. The first year workshop was primarily focused on the implementation of computer science and gaming concepts within STEM curriculum. The focus of the second year workshop was two-fold, first to continue the implementation of computer science and engineering concepts through STEM education, and second, to create connections and extensions for high school teachers who have already been introduced to STEM curricula and teaching models. Multiple urban and suburban school districts were included in a collaborative program with our university, designed to teach educators how to use computer science as a mean to make connections between different curriculum areas and teach higher order problem-solving skills. Various learning activities during the workshops are presented, and outcomes and teachers' feedback after attending these workshops are discussed.
Effect of Constitutive Model on Thermomechanical Fatigue Life Prediction

Abstract In this paper, thermomechanical fatigue life (TMF) prediction is performed on an automotive exhaust manifold using in-house postprocessor code (Hotlife) with four different constitutive models: elastoplastic model with kinematic hardening, two-layer viscoplastic model, and two unified elasto-viscoplastic models based on the equations proposed by Sehitoglu and Chaboche, respectively. Commercial FEA software Abaqus has been used for the analysis. The first two models are already available in Abaqus; the Chaboche and Sehitoglu models were implemented using a user material subroutine (UMAT, available in Abaqus). The stress and strain histories calculated by these four models are output to Hotlife for post-processing. The results from the prediction are then compared to the experimental TMF life obtained from a component thermal fatigue bench test. Result show the Hotlife calculations based on the two implemented elasto-viscoplastic models yield better correlation with test results.
Prevalence and Characterization of Cerebral Vasculopathy in an HIV/AIDS Neuroimaging Cohort (S38.002)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of cerebral vasculopathy in HIV/AIDS patients who have undergone dedicated cerebrovascular imaging. BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS predisposes patients to a myriad of neurologic disorders, including cerebrovascular disease. Descriptions of a cerebral vasculopathy have emerged in this patient population, including 1) dolichoectasia and aneurysm formation, and 2) stenotic and occluded vessels. The prevalence, nature, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HIV-associated vasculopathy are only beginning to be explored. DESIGN/METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we screened 5389 patients diagnosed with or treated for HIV/AIDS at San Francisco General Hospital during the past 15 years. Of these patients, 150 had undergone dedicated cerebrovascular imaging, 127 with CT, MR, or conventional angiography explicitly visualizing the intracranial vasculature. Our primary outcome measure was the presence of any vasculopathy. RESULTS: Of the 127 HIV/AIDS patients with cerebrovascular imaging, 69 of these patients (54.3%) had normal vessel imaging whereas 58 patients (45.7%) had evidence of vascular disease. 37 patients (29.1%) had stenotic or occluded vessels. 16 (12.6%) had dolichoectatic vessels and/or the presence of an intracranial aneurysm. Two patients had cervical artery dissections; arteriovenous malformations were evident in three patients. Of the patients with the dolichoectatic/aneurysmal vasculopathy, 14 (87.5%) had concurrent vascular risk factors such as hypertension and/or toxicology-confirmed substance use (cocaine/methamphetamines). 12 (75%) were reportedly on HAART. In this subset, the nadir CD4 count ranged from 4 to 704 (median 99) and the peak serum HIV viral load from undetectable to 2509078 (median 28064 copies/mL). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of vasculopathy in this cerebrovascular imaging cohort of HIV/AIDS patients. In those with dolichoectatic vessels and/or intracranial aneurysms, nadir CD4 counts were frequently less than 200 and a large proportion (87.5%) had concurrent vascular risk factors such as cocaine/methamphetamine use. Disclosure: Dr. Edwards has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ko has nothing to disclose.
X-ray free electron lasers motivate bioanalytical characterization of protein nanocrystals: serial femtosecond crystallography.

Atomic resolution structures of large biomacromolecular complexes can now be recorded at room temperature from crystals with submicrometer dimensions using intense femtosecond pulses delivered by t...
Time-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy Of Electrically Heated Energetic Ni/Al Laminates

The nickel-aluminum (Ni/Al) intermetallic system is useful for a variety of reactive material applications, and reaction characteristics are well studied at the normal self-heating rates of 103–106 K/s. Recent experiments at 1011–1012 K/s have measured the kinetic energy of material ejected from the reaction zone, indicating additional kinetic energy from the reactive system despite high heating rates. In order to better probe reaction phenomena at these time scales, and determine the presence of expected elements and their temperatures, we report on emission spectroscopy of electrically heated, patterned Ni/Al bridge wires, time resolved over 350 ns through the use of a streak camera. Unlike previous studies where emission was dominated by Ar and N from residual gasses in the vacuum test chamber, here we report on experiments with encapsulated laminates allowing better quantification of Al and Ni emission. We were able to identify all major spectral lines from the dominant elements present in the films, and found the multilayered Ni/Al laminates to exhibit a brighter and longer duration emission than either Al or Ni control samples. We also found the measured electrical energy absorption of the Ni/Al laminates to follow that of the Al samples up to 150 ns following the onset of emission, indicating that the exothermic mixing of vapor phase Ni and Al was the most likely source for the higher emission intensity. These results will be important for new, energetically enhanced, high efficiency bridge wire applications, where shock initiation of subsequent energetic reactions may be accomplished with less electrical energy than is currently required.
Role of passive electrical properties during action potential restitution in intact heart.

Action potential duration (APD) restitution is classically attributed to membrane ionic currents; however, the role of cell-to-cell coupling in restitution is poorly understood. To test the hypothe...
The value of angiograms in diagnosis of convulsive disorders and other intracranial lesions in children.

The results of cerebral angiography in cases of 138 children with convulsive disorders or suspected intracranial lesions are reviewed.On the basis of the findings, the authors conclude that the test is safe and of value in diagnosing cases of the type studied.
Inter-individual variability in the patterns of responses for electromyography and mechanomyography during cycle ergometry using an RPE-clamp model

To examine inter-individual variability versus composite models for the patterns of responses for electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) versus time relationships during moderate and heavy cycle ergometry using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) clamp model. EMG amplitude (amplitude root-mean-square, RMS), EMG mean power frequency (MPF), MMG-RMS, and MMG-MPF were collected during two, 60-min rides at a moderate (RPE at the gas exchange threshold; RPEGET) and heavy (RPE at 15 % above the GET; RPEGET+15 %) intensity when RPE was held constant (clamped). Composite (mean) and individual responses for EMG and MMG parameters were compared during each 60-min ride. There was great inter-individual variability for each EMG and MMG parameters at RPEGET and RPEGET+15 %. Composite models showed decreases in EMG-RMS (r 2 = −0.92 and R 2 = 0.96), increases in EMG-MPF (R 2 = 0.90), increases in MMG-RMS (r 2 = 0.81 and 0.55), and either no change or a decrease (r 2 = 0.34) in MMG-MPF at RPEGET and RPEGET+15 %, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that there were differences between composite and individual patterns of responses for EMG and MMG parameters during moderate and heavy cycle ergometry at a constant RPE. Thus, composite models did not represent the unique muscle activation strategies exhibited by individual responses when cycling in the moderate and heavy intensity domains when using an RPE-clamp model.
House fly (Musca domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae) mortality after exposure to commercial fungal formulations in a sugar bait†

House flies are pests of medical and veterinary importance. They are known to be susceptible to fungal conidia presented in sugar baits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for commercial formulations of entomopathogenic fungi to be used as bait for fly control. Differences in sporulation by product were found. Current formulations may influence fly feeding on baits, but because formulations may protect conidia. Additional research into more attractive formulations is warranted.
Concept Mapping as a Method to Engage Patients in Clinical Quality Improvement

Patient engagement has become a primary care research and practice priority. Little guidance exists, however, on how best to engage patients in primary care practice improvement, or how to measure the impact of their engagement. We present an overview of group concept mapping as a method for engaging patients in primary care practice improvement. We detail the group concept mapping process as a tool for use in primary care practice improvement, research, and evaluation, and we present resources to enable researchers and practice leaders to use this tool in practice improvement. To illustrate the method, we present a practice-based quality improvement project conducted with patients and staff at a large urban academic primary care practice.