cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baseline gray‐ and white‐matter volume predict successful weight loss in the elderly

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether structural brain phenotypes could be used to predict weight loss success following behavioral interventions in older adults with overweight or obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Methods A support vector machine with a repeated random subsampling validation approach was used to classify participants into the upper and lower halves of the weight loss distribution following 18 months of a weight loss intervention. Predictions were based on baseline brain gray matter and white matter volume from 52 individuals who completed the intervention and a magnetic resonance imaging session. Results The support vector machine resulted in an average classification accuracy of 72.62% based on gray matter and white matter volume. A receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that classification performance was robust based on an area under the curve of 0.82. Conclusions Findings suggest that baseline brain structure was able to predict weight loss success following 18 months of treatment. The identification of brain structure as a predictor of successful weight loss was an innovative approach to identifying phenotypes for responsiveness to intensive lifestyle interventions. This phenotype could prove useful in future research focusing on the tailoring of treatment for weight loss.
512x512 array of dual-color InAs/GaSb superlattice light-emitting diodes

InAs/GaSb superlattice light-emitting diodes are a promising technology for progressing the state-of-the art infrared scene projectors. By targeting a specific band of interest, they are able to achieve apparent temperatures greater than that of conventional resistor arrays and settling times on the order of nanoseconds. We report the fabrication of a dual-color infrared InAs/GaSb superlattice light-emitting diode array for operation in the mid-wave infrared. By stacking two superlattice structures back-to-back with a conductive layer separating them, independently operable, dual-color, cascaded InAs/GaSb superlattice light-emitting diodes were grown via molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaSb substrates. At 77K, the emitted wavelengths are in the 3.2-4.2μm and 4.2-5.2μm range, with peak wavelengths at 3.81μm and 4.72μm. Using photolithography and wet etching, a 512×512 array of 48μm-pitch pixels were fabricated and hybridized to a silicon read-in integrated circuit. Test arrays with an 8×8 matrix of pixels demonstrated greater than 2 W/cm2dsr for the 4.7μm emitter and greater than 5W/cm2dsr for the 3.8μm emitter; the lower radiance in the long-wave emitter is due to a small active region volume left after fabrication. These respectively correspond to apparent temperatures greater than 1400K and 2000K in the 3-5μm band including fill factor.
The Gulf Stream Convergence Zone in the Time-Mean Winds

AbstractThe distribution of surface divergence in the northwest Atlantic is investigated using 10 years of satellite wind observations from QuikSCAT and a 1-yr simulation from the COAMPS atmospheric model. A band of time-mean surface convergence overlies the Gulf Stream [called here the Gulf Stream convergence zone (GSCZ)] and has been attributed previously to a local boundary layer response to Gulf Stream SST gradients. However, this analysis shows that the GSCZ results mainly from the aggregate impacts of strong convergence anomalies associated with storms propagating along the storm track, which approximately overlies the Gulf Stream. Storm surface convergence anomalies are one to two orders of magnitude greater than the time-mean convergence and produce a highly asymmetric divergence distribution skewed toward convergent winds. The sensitivity of the sign and magnitude of the time-mean divergence to extreme weather events is demonstrated through analysis using an extreme-value filter, conditional samp...
Advanced Applications of Virtual Reality

Abstract In the first 5 years of virtual reality application research at the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2), we created numerous software applications for virtual environments. Calit2 has one of the most advanced virtual reality laboratories with the five-walled StarCAVE and the world's first passive stereo, LCD panel-based immersive virtual reality system, the NexCAVE. The combination of cutting edge hardware, direct access to world class researchers on the campus of UCSD, and Calit2's mission to bring the first two together to make new advances at the intersection of these disciplines enabled us to research the future of scientific virtual reality applications. This chapter reports on some of the most notable applications we developed.
The LICORS cabinet: Nonparametric light cone methods for spatio-temporal modeling

Spatio-temporal data is intrinsically high dimensional, so unsupervised modeling is only feasible if we can exploit structure in the process. When the dynamics are local in both space and time, this structure can be exploited by splitting the global field into many lower-dimensional “light cones”. We review light cone decompositions for predictive state reconstruction, introducing three simple light cone algorithms. These methods allow for tractable inference of spatio-temporal data, such as full-frame video. The algorithms make few assumptions on the underlying process yet have good predictive performance and can provide distributions over spatio-temporal data, enabling sophisticated probabilistic inference.
Tolerance of selected bluegrass and fescue taxa to simulated human foot traffic.

Cultivars of Poa pratensis L., Festuca rubra L., subsp rubra, and Festuca arundinaceae Schreb. were subjected to simulated foot traffic and three irrigation regimes. Soil compaction was evaluated by soil bulk density measurements. Clipping yields of 16 bluegrass species and cultivars increased with increasing soil moisture. Highest yielding bluegrass cultivars were those with either upright growth habit or rapid vertical growth. The conclusion is drawn that, unless evaluated upon the percent yield change, clipping weights are not an accurate method of assessing trampling resistance of certain strongly rhizomatous, prostrate growing cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass during moderate, continuous trampling. Under the experimental conditions of this study, Poa pratensis L cultivars ‘Merion’, ‘Newport’, and ‘Windsor’ appeared to have greatest resistance to trampling; Poa ampla and Poa trivialis L. having least trample resistance. Clipping yields of seven cultivars of F. rubra also increased in most cases with inc...
Disaster Resources: Going Offline

The National Library of Medicine works to ensure the continuity of access to medical resources during emergencies and times of disaster. The Disaster Information Management Research Center provides numerous resources for mobile users to access and covers a wide range of topics. A natural progression has occurred starting back in 2009 with the one-shelf disaster library to the 2013’s digital go bag and can be continued locally by libraries with disaster devices.
E2A-HLF chimeric transcription factors in pro-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Somatically acquired chromosomal translocations result in the abnormal expression of proteins that may contribute to neoplasia by interfering with or mimicking the action of growth factors and their receptors, signal transducers, or nuclear regulatory proteins and transcription factors, which affect gene expression directly. Oncogenesis mediated by transcription factors is particularly important in the acute leukemias and sarcomas, malignancies in which chromosomal translocations and inversions commonly activate genes encoding transcriptional regulatory proteins (Rowley et al. 1993; Rabbitts 1994). The modular organization of transcription factors provides an ideal mechanism for mediating their multiple effects on cell lineage-specific gene expression: binding to DNA, trans-activation or trans-repression of target genes and protein-protein interactions within complex regulatory networks.
Timing the Transit

The quartic solution has four roots, two of which correspond to the instants where minima occur and two of which correspond to the maxima. The standard analytic solutions for the roots of a quartic equation, known as Ferrari’s solution, are unfortunately highly elaborate and take several pages to write out. Further, which root corresponds to a minima or maxima varies depending upon
An Analysis of Forced Convection Heat Transfer in High-Density Circuit Packages

The results of an investigation of the cooling characteristics of high-density packaging of solid state logic circuits are presented. The analysis is based on the theory of single-pass air-cooled heat exchangers with uniform heat flux for laminar and turbulent flow. General expressions are derived which predict the amount of cooling air required on a normalized basis as a function of parameters such as average package “filling factor” for both the laminar and turbulent flow cases. The general expression has been successfully solved using IBM 704 and IBM 7090 Data Processing Systems. Several trial runs have been made with what is believed to be a representative range of values of wattage density, thermal resistance of circuit blocks, and other relevant parameters. The results show (as expected) that there exists an optimum package height (air duct length) for any given packaging density and wattage density which results in a minimum blower power. The expression for computing blower power as a function of required air flow and package parameters is developed. The analysis is sufficiently general to be adaptable to air flow predictions for a broad range of package configuration through which cooling air can be forced. An appendix is included which discusses the results of certain tests on a heat transfer model. The results of the tests appear to support the theory quite well, especially considering the relatively crude approximation to a uniform heat flux heat exchanger that the model represents. Curves presenting the experimental data are included, along with some air flow predictions for a hypothetical model for 90°, 100°, and 110°F air inlet temperature, and 60 mw logic block dissipation. The predicted air flow appears quite reasonable.
Right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral-to-pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio: a non-invasive metric of pulmonary arterial compliance differs across the spectrum of pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC), invasively assessed by the ratio of stroke volume to pulmonary arterial (PA) pulse pressure, is a sensitive marker of right ventricular (RV)-PA coupling that di...
Experimental Characterization of the Dependence of the Poisson's Ratio of Lead Free Solder on Temperature, Strain Rate, Solidification Profile, and Isothermal Aging

The Poisson's ratio (PR) is one of the basic mechanical properties used in many material constitutive models in ANSYS and ABAQUS. Although often not measured, it is important property in many finite element method (FEM) calculations. The value of the Poisson's ratio of SAC lead free solders is relatively unexplored compared to other material properties, and for FEA simulations it is typically assumed to be v = 0.3. In a previous study we have shown the effect of the value of the solder joint Poisson's ratio on the finite element results for BGA components subjected to thermal cycling from −40 to 125 °C. In the finite element models, the reliability predictions were based on the Morrow-Darveaux energy-based fatigue model. The simulation results have demonstrated that for specified values of 0.15 < v < 0.40, the solder Plastic Work varied over 20% and the Predicted Reliability Varied over 50%. In this study, we have conducted an experimental study to characterize the Poisson's ratio of several SAC and SAC+X lead free solders. Uniaxial tensile stress-strain tests were carried out on SAC305 (96.5Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu), SAC405 (95.5Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu), and SAC_Q (SAC+3.3Bi) specimens using a micro tension/torsion testing machine with two strain rates (0.0001, and 0.00001 (1/sec)) and four testing temperatures (T = 25, 50, 75, 100 °C). Deformations and strains in axial and transverse directions were measured using strain gages with automatic data acquisition from LabView software. The recorded transverse strain vs. axial strain data for each test were then fit with a linear regression analysis to determine the Poisson's ratio value. A large test matrix of experiments was developed to study the effects of temperature, strain rate, alloy composition, solidification cooling profile, and isothermal aging exposure on the value of solder Poisson's ratio. The Poisson's ratio was found to increase with increasing temperature, and decrease with increasing strain rate, alloy silver content, and cooling rate after solidification. Finally, the microstructural coarsening that occurs during isothermal aging lead to a large increase in the Poisson's ratio (up to 50% increase). Considering all of the possible branches of the test matrix (temperatures, strain rates, aging conditions/microstructure), the value of the Poisson's ratio of SAC305 ranged from 0.25 < PR < 0.45. Similar results were found for the other alloys.
Deconstructing the Ferguson effect: a multilevel mediation analysis of public scrutiny, de-policing, and crime

Proponents of the ‘Ferguson effect’ suggest de-policing – stemming from increased public scrutiny over the death of Michael Brown – is responsible for the recent surge in crime across the United St...
Efficacy of Aflibercept in Bevacizumab-Resistant Macular Edema in Adult-Onset Coats Disease:

Purpose:This case is the first to our knowledge that demonstrates the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept in bevacizumab-resistant, laser-naive macular edema (ME) in adult-onset Coats disease.Meth...
Enhanced solar evaporation using a photo-thermal umbrella for wastewater management

Zero-liquid discharge is an emerging wastewater management strategy that maximizes water recovery for reuse and produces a solid waste, thereby lowering the environmental impact of wastewater disposal. Evaporation ponds harvest solar energy as heat for zero-liquid discharge, but require large land areas due to low evaporation rates. Here, we demonstrate a passive and non-contact approach to enhance evaporation by more than 100% using a photo-thermal device that converts sunlight into mid-infrared radiation where water is strongly absorbing. As a result, heat is localized at the water’s surface through radiative coupling, resulting in better utilization of solar energy with a conversion efficiency of 43%. The non-contact nature of the device makes it uniquely suited to treat a wide range of wastewater without contamination, and the use of commercial materials enables a potentially low-cost and highly scalable technology for sustainable wastewater management, with the added benefit of salt recovery. By passively evaporating water from waste streams, evaporation ponds work with different waste streams but need large areas due to low evaporation rates. This study shows that a photo-thermal device converting sunlight into mid-infrared radiation could enhance evaporation and reduce land needs.
Ultrastructural aspects of the small intestinal lead toxicology. Part II. The small intestine goblet cells of rats during lead poisoning.

Summary The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the detoxification significance of the small intestinal goblet cells in rats on prolonged treatment with 0.01 % lead acetate in the drinking water.These goblet cells were analysed using a submicroscopic demonstration of heavy metals with the sulphide silver method and the X-ray microanalysis probe.Male Wistar rats, weighing 80 g, were sacrificed after 2, 30 and 60 d of exposure to oral administration of lead.The small intestines were perfused with Sorensen buffer with H2S, then blocks of tissue were removed from the border between the duodenum and jejunum and processed for transmission electron microscopy according to Grzybek (3) and Dancher (2).At first the silver containing salt precipitates were distributed in the extracellular space between epithelial cells after 2 d of the experiment.Treatment of rats with lead acetate for 30 d produced the characteristic appearance of the goblet cells at the electron microscopic level.The presence of lead in conjunction with the goblet cell membrane has been observed.If administration of lead to rats is continued longer than 30 d, in the mucus droplets located in the cytoplasm of goblet cells some deposits of silver salts may be demonstrated.For the electron probe X-ray microanalysis the bulk specimens were prepared using a critical point drying apparatus.The specimens were scanned along a line on the villous surface parallel to its long axis.The X-ray studies indicated that accumulation of lead in the epithelial cells increased during the time of experiment.
Contributing to local stewardship and advocacy: identifying barriers among climbers

Research question/objective: Across North America climbers are mobilizing to address the challenges associated with their sport through local climbing organizations (LCOs). Despite LCOs’ importance...
Engineering better stem cell therapies for treating heart diseases

For decades, stem cells and their byproducts have shown efficacy in repairing tissues and organs in numerous pre-clinical studies and some clinical trials, providing hope for possible cures for many important diseases. However, the translation of stem cell therapy for heart diseases from bench to bed is still hampered by several limitations. The therapeutic benefits of stem cells are mediated by a combo of mechanisms. In this review, we will provide a brief summary of stem cell therapies for ischemic heart disease. Basically, we will talk about these barriers for the clinical application of stem cell-based therapies, the investigation of mechanisms behind stem-cell based cardiac regeneration and also, what bioengineers can do and have been doing on the translational stage of stem cell therapies for heart repair.
Atypical Kawasaki Disease Secondary to Streptococcal pyogenes

Introduction: Group A Streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) is a major cause of invasive bacterial illness in children and adolescents. A literature search revealed very limited number of case reports showing an association between GAS pneumonia and atypical Kawasaki disease in a healthy female toddler. Case Report: We report a 2-year-old female who recently migrated from Guatemala presented with GAS pneumonia and empyema treated with thoracentesis, antibiotics and supportive care. Despite being on antibiotics which are sensitive to GAS, she continued to have recurrent high-grade fever with severe respiratory distress …
The market as foreground: The ontological status of the market in market process theory

Markets as objects of study in their own right have been given surprisingly little attention within neoclassical economics. The market has, in contrast, remained in the foreground for heterodox schools of economics, including market process theory. This essay suggests that the market remained in the analytical foreground for market process theorists even as it was increasingly absent in neoclassical economics on account of the different ontological commitments characterizing the two traditions. Attending to the ontological dimension of economic thought offers us a more complete understanding of how economics could become disconnected from the markets of the real world as well as why it was retained by heterodox economists.
Respatializing Federalism in the Horn’s Borderlands: From Contraband Control to Transnational Governmentality

Analysts documenting the proliferation of border controls amidst the global War on Terror have highlighted recent extensions of state sovereignty into new geographies. Such shifts are largely drive...
Book Review of Diasporas in the Contemporary World by Milton J. Esman

Diasporas form an ever-expanding segment of the world population. Therefore, it is important to try to understand the experiences of migrating peoples in their new homelands, whether in Europe or t...
Canine Pancreatic Ribosomes I. PREPARATION AND SOME PROPERTIES

Abstract Purified microsomal and postmicrosomal ribosomes have been prepared from dog pancreas by a method involving magnesium precipitation and treatment with sodium deoxycholate. The purified ribosomes were shown to be substantially free from contamination with supernatant protein in an experiment employing a radioactive supernatant fraction. They contain less than 0.1% of digestive enzymes known to be major products of synthesis by the gland. The purified particles appear to contain 60% RNA when pancreatic ribosomal protein is used as the protein standard in the Lowry procedure. Different values are obtained, however, when either bovine serum albumin or bovine pancreatic chymotrypsinogen is used as standard. The monoribosome behaves ultracentrifugally as an 80 S species in the presence of 0.1 m KCl and as a 74 S species in its absence. Lyophilization causes partial dissociation of the monoribosome to ribosomal subunits, complete dissociation being effected by ethylenediaminetetraacetate at a concentration of 2 µmoles per mg of ribosome. The large and small subunits sediment, respectively, as 50 S and 33 S species in the presence of 0.1 m KCl and as 34 S and 29 S species in the absence of KCl. The individual subunits have been isolated by density gradient centrifugation, and their chemical composition has been studied.
Testing nanometer digital integrated circuits: myths, reality and the road ahead

High-test quality plays a central role in the development of successful products used for building robust computing and communication systems. Hence, high-test quality enablers are rapidly becoming "features", just like performance, power-consumption and die size. This tutorial includes in-depth discussions on two major test topics that are essential for designs manufactured in nanometer technologies: test compression and diagnosis. Test compression techniques enable orders of magnitude improvement (reduction) in test cost and pave the path for successful implementation of built-in-self-test features. Ensuring products yield with sufficient quality also requires techniques for identifying and characterizing defects. This tutorial describes state-of-the-art techniques for performing defect diagnosis and how such techniques are key in enabling high-yielding and high-quality products. Supporting data from actual designs and manufacturing processes are presented.
Polluted Air or Policy Advance in Hong Kong‐Guangdong?

The Pearl River Delta, after pell-mell industrialization, suffers air pollution. Two-thirds of the pollutants come from Hong Kong–owned factories in Guangdong. Direct 2011 medical costs in Hong Kong are reliably estimated at US$513 million, and annual excess Hong Kong deaths from air pollution exceed 3,000. Dirty air hurts quality of life, recruitment of professionals, tourism, and other desiderata—including government legitimacy. This article surveys the relevant politics, medicine, economics, and air chemistry, recommending cap-and-trade policies that are acceptable where markets now rule in both “systems” of Hong Kong-Guangdong. It stresses the need for official enforcement of caps. Although local governments have cooperated to establish air-monitoring stations, they have yet to leverage Hong Kong's expertise in regulation and Guangdong's potential for manufacture of air-cleansing equipment. They need a regional emissions trading scheme (ETS). With Beijing's plans to have a nationwide ETS by 2015, this severe problem could be solved sooner rather than later.
Relationship between motor achievement and selected personality factors of junior and senior high school boys.

Abstract This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the relationship between specific factors of personality adjustment and levels of motor achievement in a select group of junior and senior high school boys. Pertinent scales from the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Guilford Zimmerman Temperament Survey were administered to 154 subjects for the purpose of determining existing personality characteristics. The motor achievement data were collected from administration of the McCloy General Motor Ability and Motor Capacity Test. The data were statistically analyzed through the use of the Pearson product-moment correlation technique, the t test, and the multiple regression technique. The study concluded that, (a) individual group dependance was a factor in extent of exhibited motor achievement and, (b) that levels of motor achievement were predictable with the use of grouped measured personality characteristics.
Floating point error analysis of recursive least squares and least means squares adaptive filters

A floating point error analysis of the Recursive Least Squares and Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithms is presented. Both the prewindowed growing memory RLS algorithm (λ=1) for stationary systems and the exponential sliding window RLS algorithm (λ \lambda\rightarrow1 . Floating point errors in the calculation of the weight vector correction term, however, do not effect the steady state error and have a transient effect. Similar results are obtained for the LMS algorithm where a tradeoff exists in the choice of the loop gain.
Beta adrenergic receptor blockade causing severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction during dobutamine stress echocardiography in a patient with no structural heart disease.

A 41-year-old woman with a history of neurocardiogenic syncope treated with beta-blockers was admitted with chest pain. Dobutamine echocardiogram images demonstrated decreased global LV systolic wall motion and thickening. Coronary angiograms were normal. Beta-blockers were stopped and dobutamine stress echocardiogram (DSE) was repeated. Dobutamine images demonstrated increased global LV systolic wall motion and thickening. Beta-blockers were restarted and again dobutamine produced global LV dysfunction. This case suggests that DSE wall motion response may be falsely abnormal in a patient on beta-blockers. Physicians should be aware of this possibility when interpreting dobutamine echocardiography in patients taking beta-blockers. (Echocardiography 2012;29:E39-E42)
Chemokine Networks and Breast Cancer Metastasis

Chemokines have been initially characterized as chemoattractants for leukocytes infiltrating into inflamed tissues. However, over the past few years, accumulating evidence has described the critical involvement of this superfamily of intercellular signaling proteins in a variety of biological processes, which include embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, recent work has demonstrated novel roles for chemokines and their receptors in regulating various aspects of the transformed phenotype, such as tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding chemokine/chemokine receptor involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis with primary emphases on their role in the metastatic spread of cancer cells and in tumor-stroma interactions.
Can the Supreme Court Be Fixed? Lessons From Judicial Activism in First Amendment and Sherman Act Jurisprudence

The paper addresses judicial activism in Supreme Court decisions. It defines judicial activism as decisions that use statutory or constitutional provisions to reach broad decisions that make it difficult or impossible for democratically elected officials in local, state or federal government to implement a desired policy. It offers six content-neutral tests for measuring judicial activism and applies them to key Supreme Court decisions involving First Amendment election law and the Sherman Antitrust Act. A final section of the paper reviews possible reform options aimed at restoring the Court to a role as a traditional judicial tribunal that decides cases or controversies narrowly. It urges a public discussion aimed at refining and implementing reform.
U.S. Blanket Technology Programs

Experimental research in U.S. programs related to blanket technology is described through brief summaries of the objectives, facilities, recent experimental results and principal investigators for ...
Formally expressing HIPAA privacy policies for web services

Healthcare software applications are designed to collect, store, and manage patients' personal and medical information. Such applications are required to maintain the patients' privacy and to comply with the privacy laws and regulations. In the United States, patients' privacy is protected with federal regulations, more specifically the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and its amendments. To guarantee compliance with HIPAA, the software application must have a decision engine which should be consulted before any operation is carried on the patients' information to determine the operation validity and compliance. This decision engine will use HIPAA privacy rules in the decision making process, which triggers the need to formally express HIPAA privacy rules in the form of formal privacy policies. In this work, we evaluate the potential languages that can be used to formally express the extracted HIPAA privacy policies. Also, we expose any required extensions to the specification language features to support the decision engine logic.
The Velocity Coefficient for Bimolecular Reactions in Solution

IN a paper of the above title, in the January Journal of the Chemical Society, Norrish and Smith have attempted to find a relation between second-order velocity coefficients for reactions between organic molecules in solution and the temperature coefficients of the reaction rates. As is well known, Hinshelwood has found that for second order gas reactions the rate of reaction can be found by multiplying the number of collisions between reactant molecules by a term e-E/RT, where E is the experimentally determined energy of activation. Such an expression might arise from any of several mechanisms of activation and reaction. Norrish and Smith have now found that when it is attempted to calculate reaction rates in this same way for reactions in solution, the calculated rates are too large, and that a probability factor, P, must be introduced, which represents the chance of reaction at a collision involving activated molecules. The values found for P in a few reactions range from 4 × 10-11 to 4.92 × 10-5. The explanation which they offer for these very small values of P is that simple binary collisions seldom occur, and that a third molecule will often remove a portion of the energy and thus cause deactivation.
Fourier based three phase power metering system

The increased application of higher frequency nonlinear loads, such as electronic fluorescent ballasts and higher speed adjustable drives, has resulted in the need to monitor the higher power system harmonics which were largely ignored in earlier power monitors. Addressing this need requires a meter with substantially higher sample rate and greater computational power. This paper describes a zero-blind, three-phase, three-element power meter that samples three voltages and four currents at 256 points per cycle. The instrument relies on the FFT to compute real and reactive power at each harmonic and reports total real, reactive, and distortion power on each phase. The innovative design is based on a multiprocessor chip which incorporates a DSP for acquisition and point metering, a CISC processor for floating point summary data, and a RISC processor for interface to support communications with the host PC. The paper concludes with a system evaluation on highly distorted industrial power system waveforms.
The doublesex proteins of Drosophila melanogaster bind directly to a sex-specific yolk protein gene enhancer.

The doublesex (dsx) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes both male-specific and female-specific polypeptides, whose synthesis is regulated by alternative sex-specific splicing of the primary dsx transcript. The alternative splicing of the dsx mRNA is the last known step in a cascade of regulatory gene interactions that involves both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Genetic studies have shown that the products of the dsx locus are required for correct somatic sexual differentiation of both sexes, and have suggested that each dsx product functions by repressing expression of terminal differentiation genes specific to the opposite sex. However, these studies have not shown whether the dsx gene products function directly to regulate the expression of target genes, or indirectly through another regulatory gene. We report here that the male- and female-specific DSX proteins, expressed in E.coli, bind directly and specifically in vitro to three DNA sequences located in an enhancer region that regulates female-specific expression of two target genes, the yolk protein genes 1 and 2. This result suggests strongly that dsx is a final regulatory gene in the hierarchy of regulatory genes controlling somatic sexual differentiation.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations* of Globular Clusters in M87 and an Estimate of H0

Hubble Space Telescope observations of over 1000 globular clusters in the central region of M87 have been made using the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. The limiting magnitude in V is 26 mag, more than 2 mag beyond the turnover of the luminosity function. The distribution is well fitted by a Gaussian profile with a mean of m -->V0 = 23.72 ± 0.06 mag and a width of 1.40 ± 0.06 mag. Assuming a value of M -->V0 = -7.4 ± 0.25 mag for the globular cluster luminosity function results in a distance modulus of (m - M) = 31.12 mag to the Virgo Cluster. Using a value of ΔComa-Virgo(m - M) = 3.71 ± 0.10 mag and adopting a velocity for the Coma Cluster of 7188 km s-1 result in a value for the Hubble constant of H0 = 78 ± 11 km s-1 Mpc-1. The V - I color distribution is bimodal, with peaks at V - I = 0.95 mag and 1.20 mag. The mean size of the clusters is Reff = 3 pc, with a scatter of 1 pc.
Hyperoxic lung damage in mice: appearance and bioconversion of peptide leukotrienes

High concentrations of oxygen damage the lung and increase bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid levels of leukotrienes. We sought to identify the specific leukotrienes produced and their relationship to the severity of the lung damage and the inflammatory cell populations by exposing mice to 100% oxygen for up to 4 days. Leukotrienes were not detected in BAL fluid from air-exposed mice. Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) was found after 2 days of exposure to 100% oxygen, increased with longer periods of exposure, and then decreased while LTE4 appeared when the lung damage became severe. LTB4 and LTC4 were not found at any time. Neutropenic mice had identical results, indicating that neutrophils were not the source of the leukotrienes. To determine why LTC4 was not found and why LTD4 decreased and LTE4 increased on day 4, we measured the metabolic capacity of BAL supernatant for leukotrienes. Incubation of LTD4 in BAL supernatant from air-exposed mice resulted in the conversion of LTD4 to LTE4, which was blocked by L-cysteine, a dipeptidase inhibitor. Faster conversion occurred after exposure to 100% oxygen for 3 and 4 days. The rate of bioconversion correlated with the BAL protein concentration (r = 0.756, P less than 0.001), and it was similar in neutropenic and nonneutropenic mice. Little LTC4 and no LTE4 were converted in BAL supernatant from air- or oxygen-exposed mice. The early and progressive increase in LTD4 suggests that sulfidopeptide leukotrienes may play a role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic lung damage. The increased dipeptidase activity during hyperoxic exposure may serve a protective role by converting the more potent LTD4 to the less potent LTE4.
Spin Fluctuations in Plutonium and Other Actinide Metals and Compounds

It is proposed that the anomalous behavior of the resistivities of Pu and Np and some actinide intermetallic compounds can be explained on the basis of spin fluctuations in narrow $5f$ bands. An initial ${T}^{2}$ increase is observed in the resistivities of all these systems. From radiation-damage data we conclude that there are two distinct regions of $5f$-electron behavior: (i) a high-temperature region (\ensuremath{\gtrsim} 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K), where the $5f$ electrons occupy virtual bound states and the metal resembles a disordered alloy with magnetic impurities such as Pd(U), and (ii) a low-temperature region, where the $5f$ bands are hybridized and a well-defined Fermi surface is formed. Anomalies observed in several properties of Pu at 60 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K may well reflect the temperature at which well-defined $5f$ bands begin to form.
Effects of bilateral frontal lesions on habituation of the head-shake response in the rat☆

Abstract This experiment investigated the effects of bilateral frontal cortical lesions on the frequency and shape of the habituation curve of the head-shake response, elicited by stimulating the ear with a stream of air, in the rat. The results from an initial procedural-control group indicated that the damage done to the ear by mounting the rats in a stereotaxic was sufficient to increase responding. The results from the basic experiment, using a before-after design, indicated that bilateral frontal cortical lesions led to an overall increase in responding but had no effect on the shape of the habituation curve over trials. The responding of control animals given bilateral cortical lesions in the occipito-parietal area had no effect on responding. The results suggest that the frontal cortex, at least in the rat, is not involved in habituation of all responses.
Brief Nonlinear learning control for a class of nonlinear systems

Based on the Lyapunov's direct method, a new learning control design is proposed. The proposed technique can be applied in two ways: it is either the standard backward recursive design or its extension. In the first case, the design yields a class of learning control with a difference learning law, under which the class of nonlinear systems is guaranteed to be asymptotically stable with respect to the number of trials in performing repeated tasks. However, implementation of the difference learning control requires derivative measurement of the state for guaranteed stability and performance, as required by most of the existing linear learning control laws. To overcome this difficulty, the proposed design extends the recursive design by employing a new state transformation and a new Lyapunov function, and it yields a class of learning control with a difference-differential learning law. Compared with the existing design methods most of which are based on linear analysis and design, the extension not only guarantees global stability and good performance but also removes such limitations as derivative measurement, Lipschitz condition, and resetting of initial conditions. In addition, the proposed design does not rely on the property of a system under consideration such as the input-output passivity.
Factors in Phoretic Association of a Mite and Fly

Combined rearing of the mite Myianoetus muscarum (L.), and the fly Muscina stabulans (Fall.) has revealed adaptations of the hypopus to a series of fly factors. These adaptations favor the mite's dispersal. Hypopi are attracted to the pupa by a volatile substance and cluster on the anterior end, from which the fly emerges.
The Nicotinic α4 Receptor Subunit Contributes to the Lining of the Ion Channel Pore When Expressed with the 5-HT3 Receptor Subunit

Abstract To understand the wide variation of calcium permeability seen in native and recombinant 5-HT3receptor (5-HT3R) channels, we reported previously the novel hypothesis that the serotonin 5-HT3R subunit can co-assemble with the α4 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (van Hooft, J. A., Spier, A. D., Yakel, J. L., Lummis, S. C. R. & Vijverberg, H. P. M. (1998)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 11456–11461). To test the hypothesis that the α4 subunit contributes to the lining of the pore of the resulting 5-HT3R channel, a mutant nicotinic α4 subunit with a reactive cysteine residue engineered into the putative pore region was constructed by substituting the leucine at position 285 (α4-L285C). The sulfhydryl-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium) ethyl]methanethiosulfonate (MTSET) reduced the acetylcholine-induced current in oocytes expressing this mutant nicotinic α4-L285C subunit along with the nicotinic β2 subunit by ∼60%. When the α4-L285C subunit was co-expressed with the 5-HT3R subunit, both MTSET and silver nitrate (AgNO3), another cysteine-modifying reagent, significantly reduced the serotonin-induced current. No reduction was seen when the 5-HT3R was expressed alone or with the wild-type α4 subunit. These data provide direct molecular evidence that the nicotinic α4 subunit co-assembles with the 5-HT3R subunit and forms an integral part of the ion channel pore.
The plastic buckling of long cylindrical shells under pure bending

Abstract The effect of nonlinear material behavior on the buckling of an infinitely long cylindrical shell under pure bending is studied. The maximum moment and associated curvature is determined as a function of material and geometric parameters. The curvature at which short wave-length bifurcations occur is also determined. The results are compared with behavior in the elastic range.
On a free boundary problem modelling inductive-heating processes

Superheating is a phenomenon in which the temperature in a solid phase is higher than the melting temperature. This phenomenon is common when a microwave or an induction heating method is used during a melting process. The classical interface conditions (Stefan conditions) have to be modified in order to model this phenomenon. In this paper we study a melting process for highly conductive materials by using an induction heating method with possible superheating in the process. To derive the mathematical model, we recall Maxwell’s equations for an electric field E(x, t) and a magnetic field H(x, t) in R3 ([11, 16]):
Analyzing the dynamic bacterial glycome with a lectin microarray approach

Glycosylation of bacterial cell surfaces is emerging as a critical factor in symbiosis, pathogenesis, cell-cell interactions and immune evasion1,2,3. The lack of high-throughput analytical tools to examine bacterial glycans has been a major obstacle to the field and has hindered closer examination of the dynamics of carbohydrate variation. We have recently developed a lectin microarray for the analysis of glycoproteins4. Herein we present a rapid analytical system based on this technology for the examination of bacterial glycans. The glycosylation pattern observed distinguishes closely related Escherichia coli strains from one another, providing a facile means of fingerprinting bacteria. In addition, dynamic alterations in the carbohydrate coat of a pathogenic E. coli strain are readily observed. The fast evaluation of real-time alterations in surface-carbohydrate epitopes allows examination of the dynamic role of bacterial sugars in response to external stimuli such as the immune system.
A simple method of concentrating monoclonal antibodies from culture supernatant by ultrafiltration.

Abstract How to obtain concentrated monoclonal antibodies from culture supernatant is of great importance to many scientists today. In this report, a simple, single-step technique is described to concentrate monoclonal antibodies directly from hydridoma-culture supernatant. The contaminants can be removed from the supernatant by using an ultrafiltration unit which allows macromolecules of less than 100,000 MW to pass through leaving behind monoclonal antibodies which is purified and concentrated more than 25-fold.
Failure of ACTH to Protect Against Acutely Lethal Toxins of Influenza Virus and Rickettsiae.

SummaryACTH did not reduce the acute toxic effect of influenza virus in mice or rats nor the similar action of the rickettsiae of murine and epidemic typhus in mice.
Evidence for a physical interaction between presenilin and Notch.

Genetic analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrate that sel-12 and hop-1, homologues of the Alzheimer’s disease-associated presenilin genes, modify signaling through LIN-12 and GLP-1, homologues of the Notch cell surface receptor. To gain insight into the biochemical basis of this genetic interaction, we tested the possibility that presenilin-1 (PS1) physically associates with the Notch1 receptor in mammalian cells. Notch1 and PS1 coimmunoprecipitated from transiently transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cell lysates in a detergent-sensitive manner, consistent with a noncovalent physical association between the two proteins. The interaction predominantly occurred early in the secretory pathway prior to Notch cleavage in the Golgi, because PS1 immunoprecipitation preferentially recovered the full-length Notch1 precursor. When PS1 was immunoprecipitated from 293 cells that had been metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine, Notch1 was the primary protein detected in PS1 immunoprecipitates, suggesting that this interaction is specific. Furthermore, endogenous Notch and presenilin coimmunoprecipitated from cultured Drosophila cells, indicating that physical interaction can occur at physiological expression levels. These results suggest that the genetic relationship between presenilins and the Notch signaling pathway derives from a direct physical association between these proteins in the secretory pathway.
Purification and properties of soybean nodule xanthine dehydrogenase

Abstract Xanthine dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.37), an essential enzyme for ureide metabolism was purified from the cytosol fraction of soybean nodules. The purified xanthine dehydrogenase was shown to be homogeneous by electrophoresis and a pI of 4.7 was determined by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 285,000 and two subunits of molecular weight 141,000 each. The holoenzyme contained 1.7 (±0.7) mol Mo and 8.1 (±2.0) mol Fe/mol enzyme and the enzyme also contained FMN and is thus a molybdoironflavoprotein. Soybean xanthine dehydrogenase is the second enzyme in plants demonstrated to contain Mo and the first xanthine-oxidizing enzyme reported to contain FMN, rather than FAD as the flavin cofactor.
An alternate scoring method for the multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment

DeLeon and Iwata (1996) described the difficulties in applying the percentage approached scoring method to the multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessment relative to its application in the paired stimulus assessment. This scoring method may result in highly preferred items being misidentified as moderate or low preference. In the present study, the results of 57 MSWO assessments were scored using both the percentage approach method and a point weighting method. More items were identified as highly preferred with the point weighting method. Reinforcer assessments were conducted on a subset of stimuli judged to be high preference using the point weighting method but moderately or non-preferred when scored with the percentage approached method; all stimuli functioned as reinforcers. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the MSWO procedure (DeLeon and Iwata, 1996), a participant approaches a stimulus from a seven-item array. The item approached is not replaced in the array, resulting in items being presented in an unequal number of trials. DeLeon and Iwata evaluated potential reinforcers with a percentage approached scoring method similar to the one used in the paired stimulus preference assessment (Fisher et al., 1992), but noted that the percentage approached method may make it difficult to identify stimuli that could function as reinforcers. This scoring limitation is a result of the unequal number of opportunities to select each stimulus within and across MSWO sessions. The application of the percentage approach scoring methodology to the MSWO does not take this factor into account. In other words, the percentage approach scoring methodology as applied to the MSWO may result in false negatives, solely as a result of the scoring system. The purpose of the current study was to develop an alternate