cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-of-flight and photoconductivity studies of a-As2Se3 films

Abstract We have performed time-of-flight and transient photoconductivity experiments on similarly prepared films of a -As 2 Se 3 . When care is taken to avoid contact-induced effects in time-of-flight measurements, we find that both experiments give consistent results. We conclude that dispersive transport in a -As 2 Se 3 is due to multiple trapping in an exponential distribution of localized states.
Itch E3 Ligase-Mediated Regulation of TGF-β Signaling by Modulating Smad2 Phosphorylation

Protein ubiquitination has been implicated in the intracellular biochemical events transduced by TGF-beta receptor via different mechanisms including the degradation of Smads or their binding proteins. Here we show that loss of Itch E3 ligase in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) results in reduced susceptibility of TGF-beta-induced cell growth arrest and decreased phosphorylation of Smad2, without apparent alteration in protein levels for Smad2, Smad4, and Smad7 in Itch-/- MEFs. Itch promotes ubiquitination of Smad2 and augments Smad2 phosphorylation that requires an intact ligase activity of Itch. Moreover, Itch facilitates complex formation between TGF-beta receptor and Smad2 and enhances TGF-beta-induced transcription. This study reveals a previously unrecognized positive TGF-beta signaling pathway via proteolysis-independent ubiquitination.
Fast Determination of Spatially Localized Volume Fractions in Emulsions

A rapid, noninvasive method for determining spatially resolved magnetic resonance (MR) spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) was developed to study the dynamics of emulsions. The technique acquires data simultaneously along the entire emulsion profile. The observed relaxation rates (1/T1(obs)) for oil/water emulsions followed the equation: where Volume fractions along the profile of a 40% (v/v) oil/water emulsion were calculated for several times during creaming to establish dynamics of the process. Separation velocities calculated from such profiles may be used to test (or correct) predictions of models for creaming emulsions.
THz spectroscopic investigation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene

Abstract We have investigated the terahertz (THz) spectrum of 2,4-DNT by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the 0.2–19.5 THz region. We also examined low-frequency intermolecular or phonon modes between 0.2 and 1.8 THz via THz time-domain spectroscopy. The extracted absorption coefficient and refractive index of an intermolecular band at 1.08 THz are ∼110 cm −1 and 1.67, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to obtain structure and vibrational frequencies of 2,4-DNT. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data. Observed vibrational frequencies have been interpreted using DFT. Two intermolecular or phonon modes were identified at 1.08 and 2.52 THz.
Factors related to third grade achievement: Self-perception, classroom composition, sex, and race.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between self-perception and academic achievement among third grade black and white disadvantaged school children. Race, sex, IQ, self-perception, and student's perceptions of their teacher's perceptions were examined as sources of variance in academic achievement. Data from one-hundred-sixteen students were analyzed by means of stepwise multiple regression. Results suggest that self-perceptions account for more variance in academic achievement for students who are of the same sex and race as the teacher than for those who are not. Self-perceptions of black students in all black classrooms account for more variance in respect to achievement than do self-perceptions of black students in integrated classrooms.
Note on a Linear Difference Equation

(2006). Note on a Linear Difference Equation. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 250-256.
Oxygen vacancy ordering and superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7−x

Abstract The superconducting properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x have been shown to depend markedly on the overall oxygen stoichiometry and on the ordering of oxygen vacancies on the available sites. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x has been studied in situ by high-temperature neutron powder diffraction in controlled oxygen atmospheres in order to learn the structural properties of the system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Additionally, metastable, oxygen-deficient samples produced by quenching into liquid nitrogen from high temperature and various oxygen partial pressures have been studied at room temperature or low temperature in order to correlate the structural and superconducting properties. Such experiments have shown that a systematic relationship exists between the superconducting transition temperature, T c , the number of oxygen vacancies, and the degree of oxygen vacancy ordering. This brief paper reviews our work in these areas.
Dephasing effects in molecular junction conduction: An analytical treatment

A Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function approach is used in an analytic treatment of transport in oligomeric molecular wire junctions in the presence of dephasing effects. Both the dephasing and molecule-electrode interactions are treated using the self-energy formalism, and limiting analytic forms are obtained for the current as a function of dephasing strength, length, injection energy, molecular hopping integral, and temperature. Dephasing due to the interaction between electrons and thermal phonons is investigated in detail, and we relate the phenomenological dephasing parameter to the inner-sphere reorganization energy. In the single-site limit, we observe transitions in the spectral function from Lorentzian to semicircular as the dephasing strength increases, while for the extended chain we observe both tunneling and hopping behavior. In the limit of strong dephasing, the overall resistance can be expressed as the sum of the contact resistance and a chain-length-dependent hopping term.
No evidence for a role of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish families with hereditary prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Two genes responsible for hereditary breast cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2) have been identified, and predisposing mutations identified. Several studies have provided evidence that germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer an increased risk of prostate cancer. Based on these findings, one might expect to find an increased frequency of mutations in these genes in family clusters of prostate cancer. The Ashkenazi Jewish population is unique in that it has an approximate 2% incidence of specific founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (i.e., 185delAG and 5382insC in BRCA1, and 6174delT in BRCA2). METHODS To address the question of whether or not mutations in either of these genes were overrepresented in prostate cancer families, we searched for these mutations in germline DNA samples collected from affected and unaffected members of 18 Ashkenazi Jewish families, each having at least 3 first-degree relatives affected with prostate cancer. RESULTS No mutations were found in the BRCA1 gene in any of the 47 individuals tested. One individual possessed a BRCA2 mutation (6174delT). This individual was unaffected at the time of analysis, but had an affected paternal uncle, and an affected first cousin, neither of whom harbored the mutant gene. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of Ashkenazi prostate cancer families, the frequency of founder BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations was not elevated, suggesting that such mutations will account for only a small, perhaps minimal, fraction of familial prostate cancer. Prostate 39:280–284, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Wafer bonding using fluxless process with Sn-rich Sn-Au dual-layer structure

In many devices and packaging applications, it has been an engineering dream to be able to bond two entire wafers of the same material or of different materials with a thin metallic joint. Many new device concepts cannot be implemented because of the lack of this technology. An obvious idea to achieve this is to use solders. However, the need of using flux in the soldering process prohibits achieving void-free and uniform solder joint because flux and flux residues can be easily trapped in the joint, resulting in voids and uneven solder layer. Thus, it seems that a solution to this is to develop a soldering process that does not require the use of flux, i.e, fluxless or flux-free. In this paper, we report our initial success of bonding two 2-inch silicon wafers using Sn-rich Sn-Au dual-layer structure that is produced by electroplating process. No flux is used in the bonding process. It is much harder to achieve fluxless characteristic using Sn-rich Sn-Au alloys than Sn20Au80 eutectic alloy. The resulting Sn-rich solder joint layer, about 10 /spl mu/m in thickness, is very uniform over the entire 2-inch sample. In the initial run, two samples are produced. The quality of the joint is examined using reflection-mode scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) and X-ray micro-imaging technique. Results of these two methods indicate that the joints are of high quality. Of these two samples, the better one shows nearly perfect joint with only 2% of possible void area. More studies and evaluation are needed to further extend this method to larger wafers and to wafer materials other than silicon. This initial success shows that it is indeed possible to bond entire wafers together with a thin metallic joint of high quality.
Benchmarking the CM-5 multicomputer

The authors study the performance of the CM-5 multiprocessor. They provide a number of benchmarks for its communication and computation performance. Many of the operations, like scans and global reduction, can be performed using special hardware available on the CM-5. These operations have been benchmarked. The authors also describe how to embed a mesh and a hypercube on a CM-5 architecture and provide timings for some mesh and hypercube communication primitives on the CM-5. >
Exploiting Interference Diversity for Event-Based Spectrum Sensing

Spectrum sensing is a core problem in cognitive radio. Detecting the presence/absence of very weak primary users with a single antenna can be very difficult. Environmental uncertainties result in SNR walls that detectors cannot overcome. Multiple-antenna approaches show some potential gains, but we show here that single-user multiple-antenna detection still must suffer from an SNR wall. The reason is that the real-world uncertainty in noise is dominated by the potential presence of an unknown number of low-power and time-varying interference sources in the external environment. Traditional collaborative spectrum sensing attempts to use the shadowing/multipath diversity across different users to boost the reliability of detection. We show that there is another kind of diversity that is also available: interference diversity. This captures the fact that low-powered interference sources are local to individual users whereas the primary user has a global footprint. To exploit this diversity, we must shift our perspective from existence- based detection (whether the primary is present or not) to event-based detection (whether the primary has turned off or on).
Rapid knot detection and application to protein structure prediction

Motivation: Knots in polypeptide chains have been found in very few proteins, and consequently should be generally avoided in protein structure prediction methods. Most effective structure prediction methods do not model the protein folding process itself, but rather seek only to correctly obtain the final native state. Consequently, the mechanisms that prevent knots from occurring in native proteins are not relevant to the modeling process, and as a result, knots can occur with significantly higher frequency in protein models. Here we describe Knotfind, a simple algorithm for knot detection that is fast enough for structure prediction, where tens or hundreds of thousands of conformations may be sampled during the course of a prediction. We have used this algorithm to characterize knots in large populations of model structures generated for targets in CASP 5 and CASP 6 using the Rosetta homology-based modeling method. Results: Analysis of CASP5 models suggested several possible avenues for introduction of knots into these models, and these insights were applied to structure prediction in CASP 6, resulting in a significant decrease in the proportion of knotted models generated. Additionally, using the knot detection algorithm on structures in the Protein Data Bank, a previously unreported deep trefoil knot was found in acetylornithine transcarbamylase. Availability: The Knotfind algorithm is available in the Rosetta structure prediction program at Contact: [email protected]
Quality of Life in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer

More children are surviving childhood cancer than ever before; however, little is known about these survivors' long-term quality of life (QOL). This study explores factors that might influence QOL in adult childhood cancer survivors. In a cross-sectional design, 70 of 100 eligible survivors from 1 long-term follow-up clinic completed a QOL and depression symptom measure. Medical information was abstracted from charts. Analysis revealed that survivors with elevated depressive symptoms had significantly lower QOL across all domains than those with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Regression analyses were conducted to further explore relationships. Depressive symptoms appear to be a major factor contributing to adverse QOL outcomes in adult survivors. Additional research should focus on the prevention of depression symptoms and effective treatment modalities for this unique population.
Sketch of a componential subtheory of human intelligence

This article sketches a subtheory of human intelligence based on the component construct. Components differ in their levels of generality and in their functions. Metacomponents are higher-order control process used for planning how a problem should be solved, for making decisions regarding alternative courses of action during problem solving, and for monitoring solution processes. Performance components are processes used in the execution of a problem-solving strategy. Acquisition components are processes used in learning new information. Retention components are processes used in retrieving previously stored knowledge. Transfer components are used in generalization, that is, in carrying over knowledge from one task or task context to another. A mechanism for the interaction among components of different kinds and multiple components of the same kind can account for certain interesting aspects of laboratory and everyday problem solving. A brief historical overview of alternative basic units for understanding intelligence is followed by a detailed description of one of these units, the component and by a differentiation among various kinds of components. Examples of each kind of component are given, and the use of each of these components in a problem-solving situation is illustrated. Then, a system of interrelations among the various kinds of components is described. Finally, the functions of components in human intelligence are assessed by considering how the proposed subtheory can account for various empirical phenomena in the literature on human intelligence.
Neurophysiological Endophenotypes Across Bipolar and Schizophrenia Psychosis

The search for liability genes of the world's 2 major psychotic disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder I (BP-I), has been extremely difficult even though evidence suggests that both are highly heritable. This difficulty is due to the complex and multifactorial nature of these disorders. They encompass several intermediate phenotypes, some overlapping across the 2 psychotic disorders that jointly and/or interactively produce the clinical manifestations. Research of the past few decades has identified several neurophysiological deficits in schizophrenia that frequently occur before the onset of psychosis. These include abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements, P50 sensory gating, prepulse inhibition, P300, mismatch negativity, and neural synchrony. Evidence suggests that many of these physiological deficits are distinct from each other. They are stable, mostly independent of symptom state and medications (with some exceptions) and are also observed in non-ill relatives. This suggests a familial and perhaps genetic nature. Some deficits are also observed in the BP-I probands and to a lesser extent their relatives. These deficits in physiological measures may represent the intermediate phenotypes that index small effects of genes (and/or environmental factors). The use of these measures in genetic studies may help the hunt for psychosis liability genes and clarify the extent to which the 2 major psychotic disorders share etio-pathophysiology. In spite of the rich body of work describing these neurophysiological measures in psychotic disorders, challenges remain: Many of the neurophysiological phenotypes are still relatively complex and are associated with low heritability estimates. Further refinement of these physiological phenotypes is needed that could identify specific underlying physiological deficits and thereby improve their heritability estimates. The extent to which these neurophysiological deficits are unique or overlap across BP-I and schizophrenia is unclear. And finally, the clinical and functional consequences of the neurophysiological deficits both in the probands and their relatives are not well described.
Aerobic bacteria in house dust

Abstract Bacteriologic study of thirty-eight samples of house dust collected in the New York area have revealed a flora which varies widely, qualitatively and quantitatively. Representatives of seven aerobic bacterial families were observed, only one of which, Bacillaceae, was consistently present. As determined by accepted biochemical tests, the bacteria appeared to be chiefly nonpathogenic forms.
Stability analysis of linear time-delay systems subject to input saturation

This paper is devoted to stability analysis of linear systems with state delay and input saturation. The domain of attraction resulting from an a priori designed state feedback law is analyzed using Lyapunov-Razumikhin and Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach. Both delay-independent and delay-dependent estimation of the domain of attraction are presented using the linear matrix inequality technique. The problem of designing linear state feedback laws such that the domain of attraction is enlarged is formulated and solved as an optimization problem with LMI constraints. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique.
Self-induced transparency modelocking with saturable nonlinearity and group velocity dispersion

The limits that saturable nonlinearity and group velocity dispersion impose on self-induced transparency modelocking are explored. Stable modelocked pulses exist within limiting values, but their durations and intensities change.
An overall performance index for characterizing the economic impact of faults in direct expansion cooling equipment

Air conditioning is a non-critical application for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) where decisions about servicing faults should involve the use of economics. Existing methods for evaluating impacts of faults on equipment performance only consider some individual factors such as the equipment coefficient of performance (COP) or cooling capacity. This paper develops an overall economic performance degradation index (EPDI) for air conditioning equipment that includes the combined effects of degradations in COP, cooling capacity, and sensible heat ratio (SHR). EPDI quantifies the performance degradation caused by faults based on economics so it can be used as part of the decision making process in an overall FDD system. Furthermore, EPDI can be used along with estimates of typical field performance degradations to assess the economic benefits associated with the application of automated FDD. A case study is presented where EPDI was applied to measurements for an existing unit where faults were artificially introduced.
Salivary Abnormalities in Prader‐Willi Syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by psychomotor and growth retardation, infantile hypotonia, characteristic facies, small hands and feet, dental abnormalities, and early onset of childhood hyperphagia with consequent obesity. PWS is associated with abnormalities of chromosome 15. Approximately 75% of patients have a deletion of 15q11q13 on the paternal homologue, whereas 20-25% have inherited both chromosome 15s from the mother and none from the father, a condition known as maternal uniparental disomy (UPD). Thus, it is a lack of paternal alleles in the 15q11q13 region that results in PWS. Thick, sticky saliva is a consistent finding in patients with PWS. We have characterized salivary flow and composition in individuals with PWS. Salivary flow in patients with PWS is approximately 20% of that in controls. In addition, the salivary ions and proteins are present in increased amounts, possibly reflecting a concentration effect relative to decreased water in the saliva. Both deletion and uniparental disomy patients exhibit these findings, suggesting that the gene(s) involved are subject to imprinting.
A High-Level Distributed Execution Framework for Scientific Workflows

Domain scientists synthesize different data and computing resources to solve their scientific problems. Making use of distributed execution within scientific workflows is a growing and promising way to achieve better execution performance and efficiency. This paper presents a high-level distributed execution framework, which is designed based on the distributed execution requirements identified within the Kepler community. It also discusses mechanisms to make the presented distributed execution framework easy-to-use, comprehensive, adaptable, extensible and efficient.
Detection of Resistance to Therapy in Hematolymphoid Neoplasms

In the past several decades, treatment of hematolymphoid disorders has made dramatic strides. However, the presence or development of resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents is an important problem that affects response to therapy. Drug resistance can be either intrinsic to cancer cells or acquired while on therapy. In this chapter, the major molecular mechanisms of resistance to therapy in hematolymphoid disorders are discussed and techniques that are used to detect resistance to therapy are described. General markers of resistance to therapy, such as cytogenetic markers of resistance or functional assays to measure response to therapy, are not described in this chapter. Rather, this chapter focuses on the detection of specific molecular mechanisms of drug resistance due to the presence or alteration of a specific gene product.
Exploring openness in data and science: what is open, to whom, when, and why?

"Open data" is a popular phrase in research practice and science policy. While stakeholders agree on some aspects of this concept, many others remain hotly debated. As a means to identify the main themes and arguments surrounding open data, we analyzed highly cited publications from the last 10 years that address data sharing or open access to research data. We identify and synthesize eight components of open data that vary among policies, studies, and initiatives, and present problematic arguments worthy of further investigation.
Plant protoplast fusion and hybridization.

For some time we have been exposed to popular articles describing the magic and more recently some of the potential terror which lies before us as scientists acquire sophisticated skills in the engineering of new genes. We hear also of the construction of new plants with unsurpassed qualities and with an inbuilt nitrogen fixing system. Very recently the following appeared in a well known newspaper: “The first aim of scientists is to introduce into cereals the ability to fix nitrogen which would massively increase yield and eliminate the need for nitrogen fertilizers.”
Characterization of human AMP deaminase 2 (AMPD2) gene expression reveals alternative transcripts encoding variable N-terminal extensions of isoform L

AMP deaminase (AMPD) is a highly regulated enzymic activity and multiple isoforms of this enzyme are coded for by a multigene family in mammalian species, including man. Isoform L (liver) is the main activity present in adult human liver and is the protein product of the AMPD2 gene, which is widely expressed in non-muscle tissues and cells. A previous report described almost the full-length cDNA sequence and part of the human AMPD2 gene and also presented Northern blot evidence for multiple transcripts in brain. This study was performed to further characterize the AMPD2 gene and its expression in human tissues. AMPD2 genomic and human cerebellum cDNA clones were isolated, sequenced and used as probes in RNase protection analyses which together demonstrated the following: (1) an intervening sequence near the 5′-end of the published AMPD2 cDNA, which affects the predicted N-terminal amino acid sequence of isoform L; (2) alternative transcripts resulting from exon shuffling at, or near, the 5′-end of the AMPD2 gene that exhibit tissue-specific patterns of relative abundance; (3) predicted usage of three different initiation codons to confer variable N-terminal extensions on isoform L polypeptides; and (4) an extension of a 3′ untranslated sequence in some AMPD2 transcripts. In addition, reverse transcriptase PCR and additional RNase protection analyses were used to map the 5′-ends of two mutually-exclusive exon 1 sequences, both of which contain multiple transcription-initiation sites. These results are discussed in relation to predicted isoform L diversity across human tissues and cells.
Unraveling the complexity of leukotriene and prostaglandin inflammatory signaling.

Cysteinyl leukotrienes are primarily made by inflammatory leukocytes, such as eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, macrophages, and monocytes, through oxidation of arachidonic acid by means of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase to generate leukotriene (LT) A4, an unstable intermediary. 1 The enzyme LTC4 synthase converts LTA4 to LTC4 in mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTC4 is exported from the cell and converted to LTD4 and LTE4. LTC4 synthase is expressed in inflammatory leukocytes, endothelial cells, platelets, and lung and vascular smooth muscle cells; however, platelets lack 5-lipoxygenase. A remarkable cellular communication network exists whereby activated neutrophils overproducing LTA4 can generate LTC4 with platelet help, creating a model for LT production in the setting of neutrophil-platelet transcellular conversion and potentially linking multiple inflammatory processes requiring neutrophil and platelet responses. LT production can subsequently lead to infiltration of biologically active mediators, allergic cell recruitment, and bystander cell activation, which are dependent on cognate receptor activation. LTs are known to bind 5 receptors designated LTB4 receptor 1 and 2, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLTR) 1 and 2, and G-protein coupled receptor 99 (GPR99). CysLT1R binds LTD4 with greater affinity thanLTC4 andwith equal affinity toCysLT2R. LT blockade with CysLT1R antagonists provides benefit in the treatment of asthma phenotypes, such as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and exercise-induced asthma, in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and, to a variable degree, in patients with allergic rhinitis. LTs, along with prostaglandins (PGs), lipoxins, resolvins, and thromboxanes, are downstream molecules to arachidonic acid
Tail Analysis without Tail Information : A Worst-case Perspective

Tail modeling refers to the task of selecting the best probability distributions that describe the occurrences of extreme events. One common bottleneck in this task is that, due to their very nature, tail data are often very limited. The conventional approach uses parametric fitting, but the validity of the choice of a parametric model is usually hard to verify. This paper describes a reasonable alternative that does not require any parametric assumption. The proposed approach is based on a worst-case analysis under the geometric premise of tail convexity, a feature shared by all known parametric tail distributions. We demonstrate that the worst-case convex tail behavior is either extremely light-tailed or extremely heavy-tailed. We also construct low-dimensional nonlinear programs that can both distinguish between the two cases and find the worst-case tail. Numerical results show that the proposed approach gives a competitive performance versus using conventional parametric methods.
Self diffusion of Si and O in dacitic liquid at high pressures

Laboratory experiments have been conducted to determine simultaneously the self diffusivities of Si and O in synthetic dacite melt (NBO/T = 0.1) from 1 to 5.7 GPa and from 1355 to 1662 °C. Glasses enriched in 18 O and 28 Si were synthesized and mated to their isotopically normal counterparts to form diffusion couples used in the piston cylinder device (1 and 2 GPa) and multi-anvil apparatus (4 to 5.7 GPa). Profiles of isotope abundances were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Self-diffusion coefficients for Si ( D * Si ) are significantly lower than self-diffusion coefficients for O ( D * 0 ) at all run conditions; for example, D 0 * = 6.45 ± 0.65 × 10 −14 m 2 /s and D * Si = 1.45 ± 0.45 × 10 −14 m 2 /s at 1 GPa and 1355 °C. The temperature dependence is similar, but not identical, for Si and O self diffusion at all pressures, yielding activation energies of 293–380 kJ/mol at 1 GPa, 264–305 kJ/mol at 2 GPa, and 155–163 kJ/mol at 4 GPa. The pressure dependence is similar for Si and O at all temperatures, giving activation volumes for Si and O that are −14.5 to −17.1 cm 3 /mol at 1460 °C, −9.8 to −8.7 cm 3 /mol at 1561 °C, and −8.8 to −9.3 cm 3 /mol at 1662 °C. Self-diffusion coefficients for Si and O reach maximum values at roughly 5 GPa. The mode of Si and O self diffusion in dacitic liquids is constrained by the large activation volumes, D * 0 ≈ 2 D * Si , and predictions using the Eyring equation, which suggest that Si and O diffuse as molecular species at 1460 °C. At 1561 and 1662 °C, less negative activation volumes and predictions of the Eyring equation are consistent with diffusion of Si and O by a combination of mechanisms, including the formation of a high-coordinated intermediate species.
Absence of gene interaction in mouse hybrids, revealed by studies of immunological tolerance and homotransplantation.

Summary and conclusions1. C3H mice made tolerant by injection of A spleen cells at birth are tolerant of skin homografts from A strain and (A x C3H) F1 donors. 2. C3H mice made tolerant by injection of (A x C3H) F1 spleen cells at birth are tolerant of skin homotransplants from both A strain and (A x C3H) F1 donors. These observations are interpreted as evidence indicating that new histocompatibility antigens do not derive from genie interaction during hybridization in the 2 inbred strains of mice in these studies.
A new intersex in Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). I. Description.

Intersex ( c ), a new mutant in Culex pipiens L., is described. It is usually recessive, sex-linked, and sex-limited. It is variably expressive and incompletely penetrant. The trait masculinizes females by lengthening the palps and altering the external and internal genitalia. Affected females usually do not reproduce, so a mating system is described for maintaining the factor. In this system a sex-linked mutant is used to identify males which have a high probability of carrying the gene.
Error Analysis of Runge-Kutta Algorithm for Real-time Simulation

Real-time simulation needs the relevant real-time simulation algorithm.The real-time Runge-Kutta algorithm is applied widely in real-time simulation.When using the Runge-Kutta algorithm in the real-time digital simulation,on the one hand the truncation error of the real-time Runge-Kutta algorithm must be calculated to construct a practical real-time Runge-Kutta algorithm.On the other hand the error must be estimated and the error size must be analyzed,in order to properly select the fixed step-size of real-time RK algorithm,thus making this error of the fixed step-size simulation to be able to meet the requirements of precision,stability and computation speed of the real-time simulation.The simulation results show that this error analysis method has high efficiency and accuracy.
An $$l \ne p$$ l ≠ p -interpolation of genuine p -adic L-functions

Let $$\mathcal {F}$$ be a totally real field, l and p distinct odd prime unramified in $$\mathcal {F}$$ and $${\mathfrak {l}}$$ a prime above l. Let $$\mathcal {K}/\mathcal {F}$$ be a p-ordinary CM quadratic extension and $$\lambda $$ an arithmetic Hecke character over $$\mathcal {K}$$ . Hida constructed a measure on the $${\mathfrak {l}}$$ -anticyclotomic class group of $$\mathcal {K}$$ interpolating the normalised Hecke L-values $$L^{\mathrm{alg},{\mathfrak {l}}}(0,\lambda \nu )$$ , as $$\nu $$ varies over the finite order $${\mathfrak {l}}$$ -power conductor anticyclotomic characters. In this article, we interpolate the measures as $$\lambda $$ varies in a p-adic family. In particular, this gives p-adic deformation of the measures. An analogue holds in the case of self-dual Rankin–Selberg convolution of a Hilbert modular form and a theta series. In the case of root number $$-1$$ , we describe an upcoming analogous interpolation of the p-adic Abel–Jacobi image of generalised Heegner cycles associated with the convolution.
Ultra-Low Energy Reconfigurable Spintronic Threshold Logic Gate

This paper introduces a novel design of reconfigurable Spintronic Threshold Logic Gate (STLG), which employs spintronic weight devices to perform current mode weighted summation of binary inputs, whereas, the low voltage spintronic threshold device carries out the thresholding operation in an energy efficient manner. The proposed STLG can operate at a small terminal voltage of ~50mV, resulting in ultra-low energy consumption. The device-circuit simulation results for common benchmarks show that the proposed STLG circuit can achieve 87.5% and 11.1% energy reduction compared with state-of-the-art CMOS look-up-table (LUT) and Memristive Threshold Logic Gate (MTLG) respectively. The ultra-low programming energy of spintronic weight device also leads to three orders lower reconfiguration energy of STLG compared with MTLG design.
Redox-triggered crosslinking of a degradable polymer

A unique redox-triggered crosslinking reaction is disclosed that capitalizes on the orthogonal reactivity of an iron-based catalyst for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic diesters and epoxides. Synthesis of an epoxide-functionalized cyclic diester is described, which undergoes chemoselective ring opening of the cyclic diester functional group when the iron catalyst is in the iron(II) oxidation state. Upon one electron oxidation of the catalyst, epoxide polymerization is triggered, which results in chemical crosslinking of the polymer. Cross-linked polymer is also obtained, albeit with different crosslinking densities, when epoxide-functionalized cyclic diester is first exposed to an iron(III) catalyst to initiate epoxide polymerization followed by one electron reduction of the catalyst to trigger crosslinking reactions that result from cyclic diester polymerization. Copolymerization reactions with lactide were carried out with the catalyst in the iron(II) oxidation state, and catalyst oxidation led to cross-linked polymers that demonstrated significantly different thermal properties compared to poly(lactic acid).
Of Disclosure 'Straws' and IP Systems 'Camels': Patents, Innovation, and the Disclosure of Origin Requirement

This Chapter explores the validity of the assertion, by many developed country representatives, that the adoption of a patent applicant genetic resource disclosure of origin (DOO) requirement, such as is being considered in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Intergovernmental Committee (IGC) negotiations, will impose untenable, innovation-deterring burdens and legal uncertainty on the global patent system. It also considers such a disclosure requirement in comparison to other burdens/uncertainties in the global patent system, and concludes that, far from being the straw that may break the camel’s back, a properly constructed DOO requirement need not harm, and may even enhance, innovative activity in Europe, the U.S., and beyond.
Emotions and leadership : how leader emotion influences followers

Emotions are central to the leadership process. According to Humphrey (2002), emotions are pertinent to leadership in four main ways: (i) there are certain emotion-related traits necessary for effe...
Voluntary Remembering: Elucidating the Mental Strategies Used to Recall the Past

Summary This study investigated the possibility that people use multiple different types of voluntary retrieval strategies when they are attempting to recall past episodes. In two experiments, we used a retrieve out loud procedure where participants were required to verbalize their thoughts while attempting to retrieve personal memories in response to phrase cues. In Experiment 1, we hypothesized that three main types of voluntary retrieval strategies would be evident during the retrieve out loud procedure, repeating, temporal, and generative/hierarchical retrieval. The results confirmed our hypothesis, showing that the three strategies were used equally. In Experiment 2, we examined the retrieval speed and success rates of the three strategies. The results showed that the repeating strategy was statistically faster than the other two strategies, while also showing that the temporal strategy had the least success in generating memories.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epstein-Barr virus: a master epigenetic manipulator.

Like all herpesviruses, the ability of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) to establish life-long persistent infections is related to a biphasic viral lifecycle that involves latency and reactivation/lytic replication. Memory B cells serve as the EBV latency compartment where silencing of viral gene expression allows maintenance of the viral genome, avoidance of immune surveillance, and life-long carriage. Upon viral reactivation, viral gene expression is induced for replication, progeny virion production, and viral spread. EBV uses the host epigenetic machinery to regulate its distinct viral gene expression states. However, epigenetic manipulation by EBV affects the host epigenome by reprogramming cells in ways that leave long-lasting, oncogenic phenotypes. Such virally-induced epigenetic alterations are evident in EBV-associated cancers.
EFFECTIVE TIME OF SUPPLY UNDER GOODS AND SERVICE TAX ACT

Time play most important role in any type of tax applicability in the case of services or in the case of goods too. On the basis of time the person is able to determine the tax liabilities of the specified transaction. When the time or date specify in relation of the goods or services supply then after the taxability will be determine whether it is related to direct tax or related to indirect tax or what is the time of supply for the specified transaction. Goods and service tax is an Indirect tax and in Goods and service tax act time of supply also play the most important role to determine the tax liabilities As per the time and date of supply taxability will be determine under the goods and service tax act, means tax under SGST or tax under CGST or tax under IGST and its also depend upon the category of goods too. But the time of supply is also play the most important role for determination the taxability of the transaction whether it is related to goods or it is related to services. In respect of goods and service tax act there are two types of classification for tax liabilities i.e. one is for Goods (means Sale and Purchase transaction) and the second is for Services.
Creating and comparing wavelets

This paper emphasizes two points about the design and application of filters and filter banks and wavelets: The algebra behind wavelet design is now quite simple. The comparison of two competing wavelets is still experimental and empirical.
Boundary Element Simulation of the Mixing Process of Polymer Blends

This paper presents a boundary element simulation of the non-isothermal flow of filled and unfilled polymer blends inside extruders and internal mixers. In addition, the governing equations, boundary integrals, fundamental solutions, and their numerical implementation for heat transfer and creeping flows are presented. Viscous dissipation and internal heat generation for curing polymers is included in the equations. In order to calculate the transient heat transfer and internal heat generation, the dual reciprocity boundary element method is applied. The simulation is used to predict the mixing quality of polymer blends and the amount of heat generated by viscous dissipation in realistic mixing processes. The flow and heat transfer simulation results are in good agreement with analytical and experimental results.
Publisher Correction: Estimation of the year-on-year volatility and the unpredictability of the United States energy system

In the version of this Analysis originally published, the key for the size frequency in Fig. 4 was erroneously switched, and should have read 5% for the small black dot, and 50% for the large black dot. This has now been amended.
Directing Boron–Phosphorus Bonds in Crystalline Solid: Oxidative Polymerization of P═B═P Monomers into 1D Chains

Over 20 years after the last inorganic ternary B–P compound was reported, Na2BP2, a new compound containing one-dimensional B–P polyanionic chains has been synthesized. Common high-temperature synt...
"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar": Undead Bodies and Medical Technology.

This paper examines the relationship between medical technology and liminal states of "undeath" as presented in "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" and the real-life case of Jahi McMath, who was maintained on life support for over four years following a diagnosis of brain death. Through this juxtaposition, "Valdemar" comes to function as a modern fable, an uneasy herald of medical technology's potential to create liminal states between life and death. The ability to transgress these boundaries bears a cost, however: both Valdemar and Jahi McMath lose the autonomy to direct their respective narratives. Yet, their utterances "from beyond the grave" highlight the precarious nature of their position and the ethical concerns therein. Poe's literary performance of "undeath" therefore serves to caution real-life cases in which life support is used to sustain an individual reported to be brain-dead. Such application of life-sustaining technology complicates the fundamental binary of life/death, allowing its subjects to resist textual closure. Even as Poe's work represents an imaginative interrogation of the scientific enterprise, this nineteenth-century story holds a mirror to contemporary medical practice, inviting a reconsideration of the ethics, language, and power relations surrounding the fraught relationship between death and medical technology.
Advancing Legislation on Drug Pricing — Is There a Path Forward?

Advancing Legislation on Drug Pricing The Lower Drug Costs Now Act of 2019 represents a major departure from the U.S. status quo. It has several key but politically divisive provisions targeting pr...
Resolving Roadblocks to Activating Additional Physicians

The COVID-19 pandemic is creating acute shortages of healthcare providers in crisis areas Although research has highlighted that both pharmacists and nurse pra
Structural Estimation of the Newsvendor Model: An Application to Reserving Operating Room Time

The Newsvendor model captures the trade-off faced by a decision maker that needs to place a firm bet prior to the occurence of a random event. Previous research in Operations Management has mostly focused on deriving the decision that minimizes the expected mismatch costs. In contrast, we present two methods that estimate the unobservable cost parameters characterizing the mismatch cost function. We present a structural estimation framework that accounts for heterogeneity in the uncertainty faced by the newsvendor as well as in the cost parameters. We develop statistical methods that give consistent estimates of the model primitives, and derive their asymptotic distribution, which is useful to do hypothesis testing. We apply our econometric model to a hospital that balances the costs of reserving too much vs. too little operating room capacity to cardiac surgery cases. Our results reveal that the hospital places more emphasis on the tangible costs of having idle capacity than on the costs of schedule overrun and long working hours for the staff. We also extend our structural models to incorporate external information on forecasting biases and mismatch costs reported by the medical literature. Our analysis suggests that over-confidence and incentive conflicts are important drivers of the frequency of schedule overruns observed in our sample.
The Editor's Corner

(1981). The Editor's Corner. The Journal of the American Forensic Association: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 234-241.
Overview of Transportation Legislation

The writer considers problems faced by the entire transportation industry and what can be done—and is being done—to solve these problems. Remarks are aimed primarily at the situation faced by the railroad industry. Emphasis is given to basic problems to be discussed here—and the proposals to meet them—have a far broader application, one which includes most elements of the surface transportation industry.
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence in the United States is increasing, partly because of risk factors such as diabetes, fatty liver, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) is the most significant factor in reducing HCV-associated HCC incidence. Improved SVR with the next generation of direct-acting antivirals brings hope for decreased HCC mortality. Nevertheless, surveillance for HCC remains important because HCC can still occur despite SVR, especially in cirrhotics. Individualized risk stratification through increased understanding of HCC pathogenesis and improved surveillance holds the promise for future reduction of HCC incidence.
On synthesizing robust decentralised controllers

Many advances have been made in the area of multi-dimension, centralized control in recent years. These technical advances have led to increased application in ever widening domains of complexity and scale. Unfortunately, the control of many large scale systems still present prohibitive costs in terms of instrumenting up centralized control solutions. Decentralized control continues to be a viable alternative when face with issues of complexity, limitations on computation and restrictions on implementation. However, a methodology for the systematic synthesis of robust decentralized controllers still remains a difficulty. This paper addresses the issue of placing the decentralized control problem in a /spl mu/-framework. The difficulties in developing a robust, concurrent decentralized design methodology is detailed. An alternative sequential design approach which leads to a D-K like algorithm for the design of robust decentralized controllers is presented.