cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predation costs of impaired chemosensory risk assessment on acid-impacted juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Weak levels of acidification (pH < 6.6) inhibit the ability of fishes to assess predation risk via interference with damage-released chemical alarm cues. While survival benefits associated with behavioural responses to alarm cues have been demonstrated under laboratory conditions, it remains largely unknown whether fishes under natural conditions experience similar benefits. Using hatchery-reared juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model organism, we conducted a tethering experiment in reaches of neutral (pH ≥ 6.6) and acidic (pH < 6.6) salmon nursery streams, plus one additional stream that varied between pH classes. Despite exposure to fewer predatory fish species, similar availability of physical refugia, and similar threat from terrestrial predators, tethered fish in acidic streams were significantly more likely to be predated over the course of a trial than their counterparts in neutral streams. These results suggest that (i) in the absence of compensatory mechanisms, juvenile Atlantic salmon...
Use of concentration-dependent relaxation rates for carbon-13 chemical shift assignment of symmetric tetraalkylammonium salts in acetonitrile

Les attributions des deplacements chimiques sont basees sur les vitesses de relaxation de la chaine alkyl et les variations avec la concentration de ces vitesses
Cation uniformity and magnetic properties of La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 thin films

In this paper, we report on the effect of the target–substrate distance during pulsed laser deposition on the uniformity of the cation distribution in La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 (LSMFO) thin films. Through a combination of x-ray diffraction, atomic scale scanning transmission electron microscopy, and soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy, the microstructure and magnetic properties were characterized in detail and correlated to one another. With a large target–substrate distance, cation segregation occurred such that the Mn and Fe ions were found in mixed valence states and coordination environments. As a consequence, an unexpected ferrimagnetic ordering in the LSMFO films was observed. Uniformly cation-distributed thin films could be deposited with smaller target–substrate distance, and no such magnetic ordering was observed. This difference is discussed in the context of the kinetic energy of the plume considering the interaction of the plume species with the background O2 gas molecules.
Serum d(-)-Lactate Levels as a Predictor of Acute Intestinal Ischemia in a Rat Model

Currently there exists no reliable serum marker for the early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. We investigated D(-)-lactate as a marker of acute mesenteric ischemia in a rat model. D(-)-Lactate is a byproduct of bacterial metabolism; it is neither produced nor metabolized by mammalian cells. In an ischemic segment of bowel the resident microflora rapidly proliferate and soon overgrow the affected intestinal segment. Additionally, the mucosal barrier of the gut begins to break down. Under these conditions we hypothesize that D(-)-lactate should cross the mucosal barrier in large quantities. To determine if this rapid bacterial proliferation and mucosal leakage produces D(-)-lactate concentrations in quantities sufficient to elevate peripheral blood levels, two models of acute intestinal ischemia and one model of simple obstruction were developed in rats. The three models included: strangulation obstruction of terminal ileum, superior mesenteric artery ligation, and simple intestinal obstruction of the ileum. Controls were divided into two groups: sham-operated controls and unoperated controls. Serum samples were collected via an internal jugular catheter at 5 min, 2 hr, and 4 hr after surgery. These samples were then assayed for D(-)-lactate using an enzymatic-spectrophotometric assay. Data was analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and where applicable the Student t test was used to determine statistical significance. We found statistically significant elevations in D(-)-lactate concentrations as early as t = 5 min in the strangulation obstruction model and SMA ligation model compared to unoperated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved Dienophilicity of Nitrocycloalkenes: Prospects for the Development of a trans-Diels-Alder Paradigm

The development of an efficient and stereoselective trans-Diels-Alder paradigm is described. A central element of this transformation is the introduction of a temporary dienophilic functionality (A), which serves both to activate the substrate for Diels-Alder cycloaddtion and, through its subsequent removal, to facilitate conversion of the cis-fused cycloadducts to the trans-fused series.
Complementarily of urine analysis and serum free light chain assay for assessing response treatment response: Illustrated by three case examples

Abstract Background With the introduction of a new sensitive serum assay for monoclonal free light chains (FLC), there is a question as to whether or not traditional urine immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is still necessary. Therapy for B-cell disease has greatly improved in recent time so that noninvasive biomarkers that suggest complete remissions have become increasingly important. A Consensus Opinion stated that because of methodological imperfections, at concentrations of FLC Methods Examples are presented from a review of laboratory results and medical records from 3 patients on treatment after diagnosis of amyloidosis AL and multiple myeloma. Results Monoclonal FLC was identified in urine by IFE while the κ/λ ratio from the serum FLC assay was within the reference range. Conclusion The results from these 3 cases suggest that as the FLC concentration drops, the serum FLC results may become more ambiguous. These results are consistent with guidelines cautioning about conclusions drawn from the serum FLC assay alone. Although more study is needed, the examples presented here illustrate that traditional urine IFE appear to adds important information regarding potential complete remissions and remains an important complementary assay to the serum FLC assay.
ROG, Repressor of GATA, Regulates the Expression of Cytokine Genes

Abstract GATA-3 is a T cell–specific transcription factor and is essential for the development of the T cell lineage. Recently, it was shown that the expression of GATA-3 is further induced in CD4 + helper T cells upon differentiation into type 2 but not type 1 effector cells. Here, we report the molecular cloning of a GATA-3 interacting protein, repressor of GATA (ROG). ROG is a lymphoid-specific gene and is rapidly induced in Th cells upon stimulation with anti-CD3. In in vitro assays, ROG represses the GATA-3-induced transactivation. Furthermore, overexpression of ROG in Th clones inhibits the production of Th cytokines. Taken together, our results suggest that ROG might play a critical role in regulating the differentiation and activation of Th cells.
Personal stories, voice and presence in academe: a dialogical response to Aguirre

Using the dialogical method, the discussants provide a critical examination of the issues raised by Aguirre. The dialogue centers on Chicana/os Studies as the vehicle that provided both entry into and context within the academy for Chicana/os joining the faculty in higher education during the second half of the twentieth century. Using El Plan de Santa Barbara as the document that embodied the values and concerns of a generation of Chicana/os in higher education, the discussants emphasize issues of power, autonomy, community and community politics in examining the experiences of Chicana/o faculty and Chicana/o Studies units in the academy.
The interactions between cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP-I) and retinal: A vibrational spectroscopic study

Preresonance Raman difference spectra have been obtained for all-trans retinal in dilute CCl4 solution, complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP-I) and retinol-binding protein (RBP). These spectra indicate that retinal is of a slightly more planar conformation within the binding pocket of CRBP-I than in solution or hydrophobically complexed with RBP. Compared to retinal in solution or bound to RBP, the conformation of the polyene tail of the retinal chromophore is perturbed from C8 through C11. This perturbation is probably due to the close proximity of the Lys40 in the CRBP-I binding pocket to the above-mentioned carbons. The C(DOUBLE BOND)O stretching vibration of bound retinal carbonyl has been found to shift from 1664 cm−1 solubilized in CCl4 to 1650 and 1645 cm−1 in RBP and CRBP-I, respectively, and significantly broadened in both cases. The frequency shift and broadening have been attributed to hydrogen bonding. These have been compared to calibrations of frequency shift (ΔνC(DOUBLE BOND)O) vs. ΔH and ΔG of all-trans retinal complexed with a series of phenol derivatives of incremental proton-donating ability as obtained by the relationship of van't Hoff. By this relationship, the binding enthalpy of the all-trans retinal carbonyl moiety bound to CRBP-I and RBP is −28.1 kJ/mol (−6.7 kcal/mol) and −23.5 kJ/mol (−5.6 kcal/mol), respectively. The free energy of binding of the retinal carbonyl bound to CRBP-I and RBP has been determined to be −10.5 kJ/mol (−2.5 kcal/mol) and −7.2 kJ/mol (−1.7 kcal/mol), respectively. The hydrogen-bonded C(DOUBLE BOND)O moiety of retinal complexed with CRBP-I accounts for a substantial (25%) but not overriding amount of the binding energy of CRBP-I for retinal, and it also accounts for the protein's preference for binding retinol. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospect 3: 131–142, 1997
Does More Health Care Spending Produce Better Health and Happier Doctors

In this issue, Sirovich and colleagues extended their previous research on high-intensity and low-intensity health care spending to include the topic of physician attitudes. They report that physic...
A possible role for tyrosine kinases in the regulation of the neuronal dopamine transporter in mouse striatum

Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to test the hypothesis that a reduction in the activity of protein tyrosine kinases would result in an alteration in dopamine transport. Genistein, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases, inhibited dopamine uptake into mouse striatal homogenates with an IC 50 of 18 μ M. The inhibition by genistein was rapid, reversible and somewhat selective, in that genistein did not inhibit the uptake of choline or GABA under similar conditions. Kinetic analyses indicated that genistein was a non-competitive inhibitor. Another protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin 23, also inhibited transport but was significantly less potent than genistein. Tyrphostin 25 and lavendustin A were without major effect on dopamine uptake. In addition, the inactive structural analog of genistein, genistin, had no significant effect on dopamine uptake. The inhibition of dopamine transport by 50 μ M genistein was accompanied by a reduction in the level of a 110-kDa band of tyrosine phosphoprotein. It is suggested that protein tyrosine kinases play a role in the cascade of events which ultimately lead to regulation of neuronal dopamine transport.
Emergency transcutaneous pacing in the management of patients with bradyasystolic rhythms

Survival rates in cases of bradyasystolic cardiac arrest are uniformly low, being reported at from 0% to 3%. Recent advances in technology and microcircuitry have produced lightweight, portable external pacing devices that are less painful to the patient. In an on-going clinical trial of early transcutaneous pacing, five cases were seen in which transcutaneous pacing was begun at the onset of the patients' rhythm disturbance. All five patients survived to leave the hospital. Three of the patients were treated in the prehospital setting. Because of the rapidity with which pacing can be implemented, the ease of application and simplicity of operation, transcutaneous pacing has several advantages over the placing of transvenous pacemakers in the field or emergency department setting. In hemodynamically-compromising bradydysrhythmias unresponsive to pharmacologic intervention, the early use of transcutaneous pacing may improve survival in a group of patients who might otherwise die.
Diarylpropionitrile (DPN) enantiomers: synthesis and evaluation of estrogen receptor β-selective ligands

Two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, mediate the actions of estrogens in diverse reproductive and nonreproductive target tissues. ER subtype-selective ligands, which bind to and activa...
On the numerical study of Indoor particle Dispersion and spatial Distribution

In this paper, particle dispersion and spatial distribution in a full scale (5.5 m × 2.4 m × 3.7 m) forced ventilated room are investigated using four different multiphase flow models, including passive scalar model, discrete particle phase model, mixture model and Eulerian model. The main differences between these four models lie in how the particles are modeled. A two layer k- turbulence model is used to calculate airflows. Simulated airflow characteristics and particle concentration are compared with corresponding experimental data. The results show that only discrete particle phase model could predict particle concentration distribution close to experimental values and satisfy the published validation criteria (ASTM D5157-97). The reasons for the failure and success of these models in the present case are discussed. Furthermore, the effects of turbulence models of airflows and treatment of boundary conditions on the particle concentration are also investigated.
Late, new-onset thrombocytopenia in a rattlesnake envenomation treated with a Fab antivenom.

To the Editor:Recent work on rattlesnake-envenomated patients1 has suggested that, in patients with normal platelet counts throughout hospitalization, an increase in platelets of greater than 20% w...
Two-Dimensional Capacitor Model of Breakdown in Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

Summary form only given. In light of the success of the one-dimensional time-dependent capacitor model (TDCM) of breakdown in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), we extend the TDCM to two dimensions. The extension to more than one dimension is straightforward in principle. The TDCM treats the discharge as a number of capacitors in series. Similarly, a two-dimensional model comprises a network of capacitors. The model is used to study a particular DBD, in this work. Breakdown is examined in a narrow channel, surrounded by dielectric layers and with electrodes embedded in the dielectric.
Combustion Analyses of Air-Sensitive Complexes

Abstract The combustion method described in this paper makes possible the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in highly air-sensitive compounds. A rigorous procedure was developed to ensure isolation from air when these compounds are analyzed. (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Zr(CH 3 ) 2 , which is known to hydrolyze in air, was used to assess the method′s capability of isolating the compounds from air prior to combustion. The procedural changes described resulted in improved precisions for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen for (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Zr(CH 3 ) 2 by at least a factor of 4.
Does Teacher Preparation Matter? Evidence about Teacher Certification, Teach for America, and Teacher Effectiveness

Recent debates about the utility of teacher education have raised questions about whether certified teachers are, in general, more effective than those who have not met the testing and training requirements for certification, and whether some candidates with strong liberal arts backgrounds might be at least as effective as teacher education graduates. This study examines these questions with a large student-level data set from Houston, Texas that links student characteristics and achievement with data about their teachers' certification status, experience, and degree levels from 1995-2002. The data set also allows an examination of whether Teach for America (TFA) candidates-recruits from selective universities who receive a few weeks of training before they begin teaching-are as effective as similarly experienced certified teachers. In a series of regression analyses looking at 4th and 5th grade student achievement gains on six different reading and mathematics tests over a six-year period, we find that certified teachers consistently produce stronger student achievement gains than do uncertified teachers. These findings hold for TFA recruits as well as others. Controlling for teacher experience, degrees, and student characteristics, uncertified TFA recruits are less effective than certified teachers, and perform about as well as other uncertified teachers. TFA recruits who become certified after 2 or 3 years do about as well as other certified teachers in supporting student achievement gains; however, nearly all of them leave within three years. Teachers' effectiveness appears strongly related to the preparation they have received for teaching.
Gastric distention increases [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius

Stomach balloons were inflated with 20 ml of warm water in anesthetized rats who had a left cervical vagotomy. This increased [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in the commissural and medial portions of the right nucleus solitarius. This effect was not present in controls which received 2 ml of water in their stomach balloons.
Toward Electrocorticographic Control of a Dexterous Upper Limb Prosthesis: Building Brain-Machine Interfaces

In this paper, an ECoG-based system for controlling the MPL where patients were implanted with ECoG electrode grids for clinical seizure mapping and asked to perform various recorded finger or grasp movements.
Autoimmune vestibular dysfunction: preliminary report.

Since 1981, 28 patients have been diagnosed with autoimmune inner ear disease. This preliminary, retrospective study reviews clinical and laboratory manifestations of autoimmune vestibular dysfunction. Sixteen of 28 patients presented with dizziness (7 vertigo, 8 lightheadedness, 1 ataxia). Twelve of these patients presented with Meniere's syndrome. Seven of 16 dizzy patients underwent formal vestibular testing. Five had reduced vestibular response in the involved ear(s); one patient had positional nystagmus only; and one had normal results. Of 17 patients with adequate follow-up, 11 presented with dizziness. Hearing improved and dizziness resolved in two patients following treatment. Hearing stabilized and dizziness resolved in two. Hearing stabilized but lightheadedness (without vertigo) persisted in five. Hearing was lost and oscillopsia resulted in two patients. Preliminary conclusions are 1. vestibular dysfunction in autoimmune inner ear disease is nonspecific; 2. bilateral vestibular dysfunction is more common; 3. Meniere's syndrome is relatively common; 4. medical management usually is helpful; surgery at this time does not seem appropriate; 5. vestibular treatment results tend to parallel auditory treatment results.
Two-Dimensional Electron Spin Resonance and Slow Motions

The slow rotational dynamics of a polyproline peptide with a nitroxide labeled at one end in a glassy medium is probed using two-dimensional (2D) electron spin resonance (ESR). The contributions to the homogeneous relaxation time, T2, from the overall and/or the internal rotations of the nitroxide is elucidated from the COSY spectra. The use of pure absorption spectra allows the variation of T2 across the spectrum to be monitored. It is shown from simulations that the model of anisotropic Brownian diffusion provides semiquantitative agreement with such a variation. In the 2D ELDOR experiment several mechanisms can lead to spectral diffusion, which yields a broadening of the hyperfine (hf) auto-peaks with mixing time. We call these spectral diffusion (SD) cross-peaks. It is shown that at higher temperatures the principal mechanism for the formation of SD cross-peaks is the slow reorientation of the molecule, which modulates the 14N hf and g tensor interactions. A procedure is shown for extracting a correla...
Orientation determination of 2- and 4-chlorobenzylmercaptan self-assembled monolayers using metastable impact electron spectroscopy

The extreme surface sensitivity of metastable impact electron spectroscopy is utilized to probe the outermost electronic structure of two similar self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), 2- and 4-chlorobe...
Understanding the security of interoperable medical devices using attack graphs

Medical device interoperability is an increasingly prevalent example of how computing and information technology will revolutionize and streamline medical care. The overarching goal of interoperable medical devices (IMDs) is increased safety, usability, decision support, and a decrease in false alarms and clinician cognitive workload. One aspect that has not been considered thus far is ensuring IMDs do not inadvertently harm patients in the presence of malicious adversaries. Security for medical devices has gained some traction in the recent years following some well-publicized attacks on individual devices, such as pacemakers and insulin pumps. This has resulted in solutions being proposed for securing these devices, usually in stand-alone mode. However, the introduction of interoperability makes medical devices increasingly connected and dependent on each other. Therefore, security attacks on IMDs becomes easier to mount in a stealthy manner with potentially devastating consequences.This work outlines our effort in understanding the threats faced by IMDs, an important first step in eventually designing secure interoperability architectures. In this regard, we present: (1) a detailed attack graph-based analysis of threats on a specific interoperability environment based on providing a patient pain medication (PCA), under various levels of interoperability from simple data aggregation to fully closed-loop control; (2) a description of the mitigation approaches possible for each of class of attack vectors identified; and (3) lessons learned from this experience which can be leveraged for improving existing IMD architectures from a security point-of-view. Our analysis demonstrates that em even if we use provably safe medical systems in an interoperable setting with a safe interoperability engine, the presence of malicious behavior may render the entire setup unsafe for the patients, unless security is explicitly considered}
Polymer stretching to produce flat suspended micromembranes

A microfabrication technique specifically applicable for making structures with thin, flat air gaps is presented. The technique relies upon heating a polymer causing it to contract and form a stretched micromembrane across stationary platforms. To validate and quantify this process, structures were made using SU8, a spin-on photosensitive epoxy, as the polymer attached to a silicon substrate. The stretching of the SU8 in these structures for different heat treatments was characterized using a mechanical profilometer. Optical interference effects were also used to evaluate the overall flatness of these structures based on the reflected colors across their surfaces. SU8 membranes up to 200 micrometers wide were successfully stretched flat with variations in the underlying air-gap thickness of less than 20 nm.
The Impact of Individuals’ Characteristics and Experiences on Their Definitions of Child Maltreatment

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to explore the extent to which individuals’ own characteristics and experiences, particularly those involving child-rearing and child maltreatment, influence their definitions of abuse and neglect. Method: An anonymous written questionnaire asking respondents to rate the importance of individual factors to an abuse determination, as well as to rate the likelihood of specific acts incorporated into vignettes to constitute abuse, was administered to participants ( n = 323) representing six groups with diverse relationships and experience with children: mental health professionals, legal professionals, medical professionals, preschool and elementary school teachers, parents, and adult nonparents. Results: Parenting experience had only a minimal effect on assessments of abuse, while having encountered a case or suspected case of maltreatment at work predisposed individuals to view more ambiguous acts as less likely to constitute abuse. Nonetheless, this latter group was less receptive to factors offered in mitigation of perpetrator liability. Surprisingly, no effect was detected for individuals themselves identifying as a victim or perpetrator of abuse or neglect. Conclusions: Although personal experiences with child-rearing and child maltreatment had only a marginal effect on individuals’ assessments of abuse and neglect, the role played by professional experiences with such cases should be investigated further as it does appear to impact these determinations. Along with the delineation of key factors discussed in this study, such work can assist in the development of a much needed standard to guide practitioners, particularly in regard to more ambiguous acts which tended to produce more guarded reactions from professionals.
Josephson and quasiparticle tunneling in SIS junctions of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and Bi2Sr2CuO6

Abstract Tunnel junctions have been obtained on Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (Bi 2212) and Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO 6 (Bi 2201) single crystals with T c values of 86 and 5.5 K respectively. A point contact technique is used with an Au tip, but in certain cases, superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) junctions are obtained between separate pieces of the crystal. These SIS junctions are generally quite stable and in the case of Bi 2212 exhibit well-defined, simultaneous Josephson and quasiparticle tunnel currents, with I c R n =2–5 mV. The Josephson supercurrent is observed when the junction conductance exceeds a minimum value, G min , obtained from Ambegaokar–Baratoff theory and the equating of the Josephson coupling energy to k B T . For the Bi 2201 crystals the quasiparticle tunneling conductance resembles that of Bi 2212. In particular, a reproducible dip feature is found at e V ≈3 Δ in both materials. Relatively high conductance Bi 2201 tunnel junctions ( G ≫ G min ) exhibit a large Josephson current with an I c R n product that is close to the gap voltage 2 Δ / e .
Metal chelates and antitubercular activity. V. Riboflavin, riboflavin-5'-phosphate, alloxan, phthaloylhydrazine.

Metal complexes, which are probably chelates, have been prepared of riboflavin, roboflavin-5′-phosphate, alloxan, and phthaloylhydrazine using divalent copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, and zinc ions. Antitubercular tests in mice showed these chelates to be essentially inactive.
Response of the Phenomena of Extract-Release Volume and Water-Holding Capacity to Irradiated Beef

SUMMARY— Beef irradiated at levels from 0.3 to 2.4 Mrads with cobalt-60 showed much greater changes in extract-release volume than water-holding capacity measured by the filter paper press method. The difference was even greater after storage at 5°C for 30 days. This difference appears to be a consequence of the greater amount of meat shrinkage after irradiation. Meat shrinkage increased both with increased levels of radiation and time of holding.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF E. COLI CORE RNA POLYMERASE : PROMOTER BINDING AND ELONGATION CONFORMATIONS OF THE ENZYME

The structure of E. coli core RNA polymerase (RNAP) has been determined to approximately 23 A resolution by three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of flattened helical crystals. The structure reveals extensive conformational changes when compared with the previously determined E. coli RNAP holoenzyme structure, but resembles the yeast RNAPII structure. While each of these structures contains a thumb-like projection surrounding a channel 25 A in diameter, the E. coli RNAP holoenzyme thumb defines a deep but open groove on the molecule, whereas the thumb of E. coli core and yeast RNAPII form part of a ring that surrounds the channel. This may define promoter-binding and elongation conformations of RNAP, as E. coli holoenzyme recognizes promoter sites on double-stranded DNA, while both E. coli core and yeast RNAPII are elongating forms of the polymerase and are incapable of promoter recognition.
Physiological and psychological factors influencing sexual dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: Part 1

Sexual dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) commonly occurs but is often underreported. Erectile dysfunction is a symptom that frequently comes to medical evaluation but fatigue, problems in positioning, decreased sensation, and decreased libido add significantly to sexual dysfunction.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a cellular component of the supportive microenvironment (stroma) found in the bone marrow, umbilical cord, placenta, and adipose tissues. In addition to providing cellular and extracellular cues to support the proliferation and differentiation of cells that comprise functional tissues, MSC also contribute to tissue repair and have immunomodulatory properties. Their ability to modulate immunologic reactions while themselves not provoking immunologic responses from alloreactive T-lymphocytes and/or other effector cells, make MSC a potentially ideal therapeutic agent with which to treat graft versus host disease (GvHD) following hematopoietic transplantation. Despite in vitro experiments confirming that MSC suppress mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and in vivo evidence from mouse models that show evidence that MSC can ameliorate GvHD, clinical trials to date using MSC to treat GvHD have shown mixed results. Whether this is a consequence of suboptimal timing and dose of administered MSC remains to be clarified. It is clear that immunomodulatory potential of MSC as a cellular therapy for GvHD remains to be realized in the clinic.
Liquefaction Susceptibility Evaluation Using Fuzzy Sets.

ABSTRACT Liquefaction susceptibility is the measure of a soil’s ability to liquefy during earthquakes. Conventionally, liquefaction susceptibility is determined from soil properties and a subjective knowledge of the geologic conditions. There are many uncertainties in this approach because of the subjectivity in evaluating many important factors. An expert is required if the evaluation is to be performed with confidence. The application of fuzzy set theory is proposed to improve this process. The intent was to develop a method of evaluating liquefaction susceptibility that included factors usually evaluated only by an expert. The method could then be used by engineers with little experience with liquefaction. This new approach incorporates expert opinion of the importance of the subjective factors known to affect liquefaction. The engineer inputs the soil profile using linguistic descriptions which are then processed using the theory of fuzzy sets. The resulting fuzzy sets are interpreted by defining the Fuzzy Liquefaction Susceptibility Index (FLSI), a number which can be plotted and contoured to produce a map of liquefaction susceptibility. The new approach was tested by mapping the liquefaction susceptibility of Charleston, South Carolina, and comparing with other published results generated from conventional analysis. The results were quite comparable, indicating the potential for the new method to evaluate liquefaction susceptibility. The new technique is useful in creating maps of relative liquefaction hazard that can be used in municipal planning.
The effect of low shear on the development of fortified extruded rice products

Fortified extruded rice presents promising commercial opportunities for delivering nutrients and other functional ingredients to the global rice consuming population. Its formulation may be changed to suit the nutritional requirements of different target markets. The objective of this study was to develop a product line of prototypes that resemble the texture and appearance of natural rice grains, and have good retention of added nutrients. Extruded fortified rice was manufactured in a controlled mechanical shear extrusion process by first combining a mixture of fortified rice flour and water in a pre-conditioner, then advancing the mixture along the length of an extruder barrel with a terminal extrusion die inserts in the shape of rice kernels. Extruded rice grains were evaluated for the degree of gelatinization, texture profile, and starch depolymerization. Retention of added vitamins and minerals was also measured. The cooked extruded grains had comparable texture to cooked commercial rice with good sensory characteristics. Based on the results, the key strategy in producing good quality extruded fortified starch is to achieve as high a degree of starch gelatinization in the extruded rice kernel as possible without inducing excessive starch breakdown.
Abstract 1879: Myc induces lipogenesis and suppresses fatty acid oxidation in human P493-6 B-lymphoma cells.

Myc has been known to control cell growth and proliferation through regulating thousands of genes, of which a substantial amount are involved in metabolism. We have previously shown that Myc increases ribosomal biogenesis, nucleotide metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis and glutaminolysis in cancer cells. However, Myc9s role in fatty acid metabolism is not well-documented, notwithstanding the expectation that Myc induction of cell growth must be accompanied by membrane biogenesis. Other studies have shown that fatty acids can be utilized as energy fuel by cancer cells or as building blocks for proliferation. The P493 human B cell line contains a tetracycline (Tet)-repressible human MYC transgene, permitting robust control of cell growth and proliferation through MYC. Having previously documented that Myc stimulates glucose and glutamine metabolism, we sought to determine whether Myc affects P493 use of fatty acids for oxidation and fatty acid synthesis. We found that resting P493 cells, in which ectopic MYC was off, can use labeled palmitate for respiration, while Myc activated P493 cells demonstrated an inability to oxidize palmitate. We also observe through microarray analysis and RT-PCR that Myc increases the levels of mRNAs for lipogenesis genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with an anti-Myc antibody documents that Myc binds to the promoters of lipogenesis genes. Moreover, immunoblot analyses with antibodies available for selected enzymes also indicate that Myc increases the protein levels of ACACA and FASN. Uniformly labeled 13C-glucose and 13C,15N-glutamine were found to be incorporated into lipids when Myc was induced in P493 cells. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of FASN, dramatically inhibits Myc-induced P493 cell proliferation. Similarly, TOFA-inhibition of ACACA suppresses P493 cell proliferation as well. Our data suggest that in P493 Burkitt lymphoma model cells, Myc inhibits fatty acid oxidation and upregulates fatty acid synthesis through transcription of target genes. Citation Format: Arvin Matthew Gouw, Anthony Mancuso, Annie Lee Hsieh, Brian Altman, Michael Wolfgang, Chi Van Dang. Myc induces lipogenesis and suppresses fatty acid oxidation in human P493-6 B-lymphoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1879. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1879
Graphene versus carbon nanotubes for chemical sensor and fuel cell applications

Graphene, an atomically thin layer of sp2 hybridized carbon, has emerged as a promising new nanomaterial for a variety of exciting applications including chemical sensors and catalyst supports. In this article, we survey modern methods of graphene production and functionalization with an emphasis on the development of chemical sensors and fuel cell electrodes with brief comparisons to state-of-the-art carbon nanotube-based systems.
Prediction of solvent removal profile and effect on properties for peptide-loaded PLGA microspheres prepared by solvent extraction/ evaporation method

Abstract Using a predictive mathematical model, several important extrinsic process variables were varied to simulate the process dynamics of microsphere formation. These included the composition profile in the dispersed phase, the solvent concentration profile in the continuous phase and the solvent removal profile in the dispersed phase. By superimposing the composition profile in the dispersed phase with the phase transition boundary, the progression of phase transition in microsphere formation can be evaluated. Low dispersed phase/ continuous phase ratio, high continuous phase-addition rate, high temperature, high heating rate and high initial polymer concentration in the dispersed phase contributed to enhanced solvent removal. The higher solvent removal led to a heterogeneous composition distribution in the dispersed phase and the early cross-over of the gelation point (viscous boundary) of the periphery region which initiates the onset of solidification in this region. These phenomena resulted in an increasing pore size, lower surface area, denser periphery, higher residual solvent and slower drug release. In addition, the progress toward the glassy boundary may also play a major role in the ultimate solvent residual. Slow solvent removal gave rise to a homogenous distribution of the components in the dispersed phase due to the delay of hardening. The extrinsic manageable parameters could be varied during microsphere formation to obtain the desired rate of solvent removal as well as the desired microsphere properties. The mathematical model was used to simulate such conditions to facilitate the experimental design for the desired microsphere properties.
Revisiting the Wyllie time average equation in the case of near‐spherical pores

We suggest a generalized form of the Wyllie equation to better describe acoustic velocity variation with porosity in rocks with a mixture of intercrystalline and near‐spherical pores. Introducing a pore shape factor in the Wyllie equation allows different weights to be applied to the solid‐phase P‐wave velocity to account for rock frame stiffness. This is demonstrated in carbonate and igneous rocks having variable amounts of spherical porosity, ranging from 0% to 80% of the bulk porosity.The generalized equation describes a velocity–porosity envelope instead of the simple line given by the Wyllie equation. The lower limit of the velocity envelope is for rocks that have only interparticle or intercrystalline porosity (Wyllie equation behavior), and the upper limit is when all pores are spherical or near spherical. This upper limit corresponds to the Hashin‐Shtrikman upper bound for porosities up to 30%. The realization portrays Wyllie's velocity–porosity relationship as one particular case in which all por...
Calculation of the chirality-dependent orbital magnetic anisotropy in doped semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract We calculate the orbital magnetic anisotropy (Δχ) of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes at different carrier densities using a nearest-neighbor tight-binding model. Kataura plots of Δχ exhibit 2n + m family groupings and chiral index dependence at all carrier densities which are consistent with the trigonal warping effect. The diameter dependence of Δχ varies strongly with carrier density. We fit our data with a symmetry-restricted model to obtain approximate analytic expressions for Δχ as a function of nanotube chirality and carrier density. Our results illustrate the important role of doping on the magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes. Experimental studies of Δχ should take these effects into account for accurate interpretation of their results.
Vortex lattice of highly anisotropic layered superconductors in strong, parallel magnetic fields.

The equations for the gauge-invariant phases obtained in the framework of the Lawrence-Doniach model are used to study the vortex lattice in layered superconductors in strong, parallel magnetic fields H. As H changes, a sequence of first-order phase transitions occurs between the lattices with different periods. The largest jumps in magnetization, of order ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}1}$, occur at fields of order ${\mathit{H}}_{0}$=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{0}$/\ensuremath{\gamma}${\mathit{s}}^{2}$, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}_{0}$ is the flux quantum, s is the interlayer spacing, and \ensuremath{\gamma} is the anisotropy (\ensuremath{\gamma}=${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{c}}$/${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{b}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{b}}$ are the penetration depths for currents perpendicular and parallel to the layers, respectively). The asymptotic dependence of the magnetization M at high fields H\ensuremath{\gg}${\mathit{H}}_{0}$ is M\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$.
Hyponatremia in patients treated with lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug

Abstract The effects of lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, on serum electrolytes and osmolality are described in a series of 33 patients with organic heart disease and complex ventricular arrhythmias treated with lorcainide. In eight patients, a mean decrease in serum Na + of 8.25 ± 3.2 mEq/L was observed after a single 200 mg intravenous dose of lorcainide. Sixteen of 33 patients developed significant hyponatremia and hypoosmolality during oral treatment with lorcainide. In all except two patients, serum Na + returned to normal values within 3 to 12 months of continued lorcainide therapy. Low serum Na + and hypoosmolality in the absence of volume depletion, clinically manifest edema, and unaltered renal, adrenal, cardiac, or thyroid function suggest that this antiarrhythmic drug produced the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). SIADH appeared to be transient and asymptomatic in our patients. One patient developed severe hyponatremia with serum Na + of 108 mEq/L when hydrochlorothiazide was given to control hypertension. It is concluded that SIADH is an important side effect of lorcainide therapy. We recommend that serum Na + be carefully monitored in patients started on lorcainide therapy, and extreme caution should be exercised in prescribing diuretics to patients with persistent hyponatremia.
Microfabricated VHF acoustic crystals and waveguides

Abstract Microfabricated acoustic crystals have been designed and experimentally verified. The acoustic crystals are realized by including tungsten (W) scatterers in a SiO2 matrix. Wide frequency ranges where acoustic waves are forbidden to exist (acoustic bandgaps, ABG) are formed due to the large acoustic impedance and mass density mismatch between W and SiO2. The acoustic crystal structures are fabricated in a 7-mask process that features integrated aluminum nitride piezoelectric couplers for interrogating the devices. Acoustic crystals in a square lattice have been measured at 67 MHz with greater than 30 dB of acoustic rejection and bandwidths exceeding 25% of the midgap. Single and multimode acoustic waveguides have been realized by defecting the acoustic crystals through removal of a subset of the W scatterers. These waveguides achieve relative transmission of up to 100% for the propagating modes.
Effect of the physical state of phospholipid on rhodopsin regeneration from retinylidene phospholipid.

— Rhodopsin regeneration in rod membranes involves reactions of all-trans retinal (released from bleached pigment) with phosphatidylethanolamine, photic isomerization of retinal, and binding of 11-cis retinal to opsin. This investigation demonstrated that formation of retinylidene phospholipid and retinal binding to opsin were both affected by the physical state of phospholipid. A fluid membraneous environment provided by the acyl chains of phospholipid was essential for these reactions to proceed efficiently. The retinal moiety of retinylidene phospholipid appeared to be directly transferred to opsin by transimination.
Enzymatic control of the acrylamide level in coffee

The goal of this work was to show the possibility of removing acrylamide from real foods using bacterial enzymes at relatively high temperatures. Cell-free extracts from Ralstonia eutropha AUM-01 isolated from soil collected from leaf litter on Picnic Point on the UW-Madison campus and a thermophilic strain, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius AUT-01 isolated from soil collected from hot spring area in Montana, were used to remove acrylamide from coffee. Coffee was chosen because ~39 % of the acrylamide that people consumed is from coffee. Cell extracts containing acrylamide-degrading enzymes, which hydrolyze acrylamide to acrylic acid, were directly applied to coffee. Although acrylamide was not totally degraded at higher concentrations of coffee in water, it was totally disappeared in 100 mg coffee/10 mL ddH20, which ordinary people drink. This is the first approach for applying bacterial enzymes to real food for the removal of acrylamide.
Thermodynamics of transition metal carbonyls II. Mn(CO)5X, Tc(CO)5X, Re(CO)5X (X Cl, Br, I)

Abstract The thermodynamic properties of the Group VII transition metal carbonyl halides M(CO)5X (X  Cl, Br, I) are evaluated. Thermodynamic functions for the gaseous molecules are computed using literature data or estimated spectroscopic and structural data. Metal-halogen bond energies for the gaseous manganese molecules reported in the literature are reviewed and bond energies for the corresponding technetium and rhenium molecules are estimated. The results are used to compute the enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of formation of the molecules.
Prey selection of subadult male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and evidence of dietary niche overlap with adult females during the breeding season

During the breeding season northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) congregate on the Pribilof Islands in large numbers creating the potential for intraspecific competition. Due to the declining trend in the Pribilof Islands population of fur seals, it is important to understand how prey resources are partitioned among the population. Fur seals exhibit a high degree of sexual dimorphism resulting in energetic differences among age and sex classes. Therefore, we hypothesized that subadult male and adult female fur seals would differ in the type and size of prey consumed. We examined the diets of subadult male (age 2–8; mean mass 28– 176 kg) and adult female (age ≥ 3 yr; mean mass 13–50 kg) seals on St. Paul Island from 1992 to 2000. Prey remains found in fecal samples were compared using niche overlap indices. There was nearly complete dietary niche overlap between subadult male and adult female fur seals. Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), Pacific herring (Clupeia pallasi), and cephalopods were common prey items found in the diets of both groups. We found differences in the size of pollock consumed and that geographic location of sample collection may be important in determining diet differences. Our results indicate high levels of dietary overlap among subadult male and adult female fur seals.