cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposure to asbestos during renovation of oil-shale fuelled power plants in Estonia.

Many thousands of tonnes of asbestos were used in buildings in the past, especially for thermal insulation of pipes and boilers in power plants. Occupational exposure to asbestos dust now mainly occurs during demolition, renovation and routine maintenance activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure to airborne asbestos during renovation of solid oil-shale fuelled power plants carried out in 2001–2003. Air monitoring inside and outside of the renovation area was performed. The concentration of airborne fibres in the working environment increased during renovation but the valid limit value (0.1 fibres/cm 3 ) was not exceeded. asbestos occupational exposure power plant renovation 1. BACKGROUND Asbestos and asbestos-containing materials have been used in quite large quantities especially during the second part of the 20th century in Estonia. Total raw asbestos (chrysotile) was imported from the former Soviet Union as there are no asbestos deposits in Estonia. The use of asbestos and asbestos-containing products peaked in the 1960–80s and diminished at the beginning of the 1990s. The production of asbestos-cement sheets and the intensive building of industrial and housed constructions during this period attest to that fact. In 1995 the production of asbestoscontaining materials stopped in Estonia. Numerous asbestos and asbestos-containing products were used for thermal insulation during the building of power plants in the north-east region of Estonia. The Baltic and the Estonian power plants (plants 1 and 2, respectively), which were built in the 1960–1970s, are among the largest power plants in the world using solid oil
Young adults' health care utilization and expenditures prior to the Affordable Care Act

Abstract Purpose To examine young adults' health care utilization and expenditures prior to the Affordable Care Act. Methods We used 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to (1) compare young adults' health care utilization and expenditures of a full-spectrum of health services to children and adolescents and (2) identify disparities in young adults' utilization and expenditures, based on access (insurance and usual source of care) and other sociodemographic factors, including race/ethnicity and income. Results Young adults had (1) significantly lower rates of overall utilization (72%) than other age groups (83%–88%, p p p p p = .57). Among young adults, we identified significant disparities in utilization and expenditures based on the presence/absence of a usual source of care, race/ethnicity, home language, and sex. Conclusions Young adults may not be utilizing the health care system optimally by having low rates of office-based visits and high rates of emergency room visits. The Affordable Care Act provision of insurance for those previously uninsured or under-insured will likely increase their utilization and expenditures and lower their out-of-pocket expenses. Further effort is needed to address noninsurance barriers and ensure equal access to health services.
The International Planetary Patrol Program - An assessment of the first three years.

Day-to-day and hour-to-hour changes in the large-scale atmospheric and surface features of the planets can now be studied more effectively than previously possible. Since 1969 a network of observatories has obtained almost uninterrupted photographic coverage during all apparitions of Jupiter and Mars, plus some of Venus. Patrol films and catalogs are available to the scientific community. Recent or current analyses include the distribution and motion of clouds on Mars, the development and decay of Martian dust storms, the seasonal, diurnal, and random fluctuations in contrast between adjacent light and dark regions on Mars, the detection of vertical shear in the Jovian atmosphere, the longitudinal oscillation of the Red Spot, the dependence of rotation period on xenographic latitude and on time, the eruption and spread of south equatorial belt disturbances, and the retrograde circulation of the Venus cloud deck.
Taphonomic Effects and Preserved Overgrowth Relationships among Encrusting Marine Organisms

Overgrowth relationships in the fossil record of encrusting organisms on marine hard substrata have been used to infer success in competitive interactions, particularly for modular organisms such as colonial invertebrates and coralline algae. However, this interpretation has been questioned to varying extenteven by those who have used the procedure-because of the possibility that any individual observation may represent growth over a senescent organism or dead skeletal remains. Where sufficient numbers of overgrowth relationships are available to demonstrate that the proportions of overgrowths between two modular taxa are not essentially equal, the competitive superiority of the more frequently overgrowing taxon should be accepted. The degree of success of the more frequently overgrowing taxon was at least as great as seen in the fossil record and was probably substantially greater, depending upon the percent of bare surface on the substratum. RESEARCH LETTERS 279
Effect of Rib Turbulators in the First Pass on Heat Transfer Distributions in a Two-Pass Channel Connected by Two Rows of Holes

This paper is a continued study of new internal channel cooling designs for modern gas turbine blades. In previous studies, the enhanced cooling in the second pass of a serpentine channel was achieved by a combination of impingement and crossflow-induced swirl. A holed or slotted divider wall replaced the 180° U-turn connecting the two legs of the serpentine channel. Flow from one coolant passage to the adjoining coolant passage was achieved through a series of straight and angled holes and a two-dimensional slot placed along the dividing wall. In this study, the focus is to enhance the heat transfer in the first pass of the two-pass channel using traditional rib turbulators. The effect of ribs in the first pass on the overall second pass heat transfer enhancement is compared to channels with no rib turbulators. Heat transfer distributions are compared for channels with and without ribs for three-channel flow Reynolds numbers ranging between 1.0×104 − 5.0×104. Results show that the presence of the ribs in the first pass reduces the heat transfer coefficients slightly in the second pass compared to the no-ribs channels. However, the first pass heat transfer is significantly enhanced over the case without ribs. In effect, the overall heat transfer enhancement for the combined two passes is significantly enhanced. Three different rib configurations, 90° ribs, 60° angled forward facing towards divider wall, and 60° angled backward facing away from divider wall, are studied for all Reynolds numbers and divider wall geometries. The presence of ribs in the first pass does not only decrease the enhanced heat transfer in the second pass but also provides higher heat transfer enhancement in the first pass resulting in an increase in overall heat transfer enhancement for the entire two-pass channel.Copyright © 2001 by ASME
Surgery of the Rectus Muscles of the Eye: Selection of Operative Procedures by Differential Diagnosis.

Two essential questions are involved: (1) when to operate, and (2) what to do. An endeavor is made to find some means of evaluating and utilizing established operative procedures. It is felt that all methods, when properly selected and applied, must have their good points. With so many varied technics advocated, some differential basis must exist for selecting the method best adapted to the case at hand. Indications and contraindications for surgery are discussed. When nonoperative management has failed to show progress and the defect is becoming worse, with complications of amblyopia ex anopsia and progressive muscular dysfunction developing, surgery is indicated at any age. No one operation is ideal for all cases. A common theme is found connecting differential diagnosis and the surgery of muscular imbalance. Careful scrutiny makes possible a more exact classification of the nature of muscular anomalies. Such differentiation permits the election of various surgical procedures, using each to its best advantage. The relationship between differential diagnosis and the application of surgical corrective measures is discussed. It should be advantageous to be able to select from all the various operative technics the one best fitted to each case. A more refined diagnosis opens the way for such selection. From the Section on Ophthalmology, The Mayo Clinic. Read before the American Ophthalmological Society at Lucerne-in-Quebec, Canada, July, 1934.
Some effects of basal ganglia lesions in subhuman primates and man

In Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, experimental lesions of striatum (caudate or putamen) interfere with successful performance on delayed-response type tasks. In this respect, basal-ganglia lesions in this species are equivalent to bilateral removals of frontal cortex. In man, frontal lesions are not reliably followed by delayed-response deficits, but are frequently associated with defective performance on certain tasks involving vision and posture. The present report shows that defective performance on such a task (the Aubert experiment) is also found in cases of basal ganglia disease in man (Parkinsonism). In addition, patients with Parkinsonism show abnormalities on a purely postural task.
Sinonasal tubulopapillary low-grade adenocarcinoma: a specific diagnosis or just another seromucous adenocarcinoma?

Abstract: Histopathologically, sinonasal adenocarcinomas fall into four categories: the intestinal type, the conventional salivary gland type (eg, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma), the seromucous type, and the low-grade not otherwise specified type. Recently, a new type of sinonasal adenocarcinoma has been described, called tubulopapillary low-grade adenocarcinoma. In this commentary, the histologic features of this type of tumor are compared with those of the other types of sinonasal adenocarcinoma. The clinicopathologic characteristics and probable origin of this type of adenocarcinoma are also discussed.
Multicomponent Quantification of Diastereomeric Hexosamine Monosaccharides Using Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A rapid means of stereochemical differentiation and quantification for the hexosamine monosaccharides was achieved using electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The hexosamine monosaccharides, glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine, were derivatized with [Co(DAP)2Cl2]Cl, and the complex [Co(DAP)2(HexNH2)]Cl was generated. Subjecting this complex to collision-induced dissociation provided a unique product ion spectrum for each of the diastereomeric monosaccharide complexes, thus differentiating the stereoisomers. Furthermore, the stereoisomers were quantified. This was achieved by using the relative abundances of product ions from pure standards and using these values to determine the ratio of isomeric products in a mixture. The utility of this quantification method was demonstrated by successfully determining the composition of two- and three-component mixtures of the hexosamines.
538 AN OUTBREAK OF PSEUDOBACTEREMIA CAUSED BY EWINGELLA AMERICANA

Between September, 1981, and April, 1984, Ewingella americana was recovered from blood cultures from 21 patients in the intensive care units and emergency room of a 265-bed pediatric hospital. Because clinical presentations were generally not suggestive of Gram-negative bacteremia, we began an epidemiologic investigation for a source of pseudobacteremia. E. americana is a new genus and species in the family Enterobaeteriaceae, previously known as CDC enteric group 40. It has been reported as a pathogen only once. A case-control study showed that cases were much more likely than controls to have had blood obtained for coagulation profiles with cultures (15/19 vs. 4/39 controls, p = 3.4 × 10−7). Coagulation tubes had been prepared with crystalline sodium citrate and citric acid in distilled deionized water. Blood for both coagulation studies and culture was occasionally instilled into the screw-top coagulation tube before blood culture bottles were inoculated. We hypothesized that if the citrate solution were contaminated, the needle or syringe hub could have transferred E. americana to the blood culture bottles, resulting in false positives. E. americana was recovered from all of 80 unused coagulation tubes and from no other environmental sources. Personnel obtaining blood for multiple studies should adhere to strict aseptic technique. Laboratories should consider using sterile evacuated coagulation tubes rather than tubes containing potentially contaminated home-made anticoagulant.
The volume and residence time of magma beneath active volcanoes determined by decay-series disequilibria methods

Abstract A new geochemical method for determining magma residence times (τ) below active volcanoes is presented. Equations are derived which permit the calculation of τ for any steady-state, crystallising system. This method requires the measurement of short-lived actinide series disequilibria in freshly erupted lavas, and may be applied to steady-state magma systems of any composition. The calculated value of τ can be used to determine the volume of magma beneath actively erupting volcanoes, and to obtain quantitative crysal growth rates. The few data available suggest that the magma chamber residence time below several volcanoes today (Etna, Stromboli, Oldoinyo Lengai) is between 10 and 100 years. The annual magma output from any one of these volcanoes represents 1–10% of the volume of magma in the chamber.
Graphite skeleton crystals— A newly recognized morphology of crystalline carbon in metasedimentary rocks

Insoluble residues from Precambrian graphitic marble from New York and Montana contain incomplete graphite crystals as well as the more abundant dense, lustrous hexagonal flakes. Skeleton forms have a lower order of crystallinity and contain less 13 C than the lustrous flakes. Distribution of the two forms indicates small-scale disequilibrium despite the high metamorphic rank of the host rock.
Reaction time and movement time in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: an electromyographic study

Abstract Objective. To measure the motor performance of the flexor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseus, and flexor pollicis longus muscles using the parameters electromyographic muscle reaction time and movement time in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome during key turning function. Method. A total of 37 female patients with right hand pain were divided into two groups: 21 with an electrophysiologically confirmed diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (Group I), and 16 with normal electrophysiological findings (Group II). The reaction time and movement time values obtained by surface electromyography of the right flexor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseus, and flexor pollicis longus muscles were compared between groups. Results. Of the 21 patients in Group I, 15 had mild, four moderate, and two severe median nerve lesions. No significant difference between groups was found in the electromyographic reaction time and movement time values of the right flexor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseus, and flexor pollicis longus muscles during key turning (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in electromyographic reaction time and movement time between six patients with severe or moderate carpal tunnel syndrome and 15 patients with mild carpal tunnel syndrome in Group I (P>0.05). Sixteen patients in Group II did not have carpal tunnel syndrome. Conclusion. The results indicate that patients with and without carpal tunnel syndrome have similar values of reaction time and movement time of the flexor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseus, and flexor pollicis longus muscles during the pinch grasp function of the hand. Relevance Muscle reaction time and movement time, and hence the motor performance in electrophysiologically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome patients appear to have similar parameters in patients with hand pain whose diagnosis were not confirmed with electrophysiologically.
Depletion of the 26S Proteasome Adaptor Ecm29 Increases Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and stimulates the innate immune response. We found that depletion of extracellular mutant 29 (Ecm29), an adaptor protein that binds to a subset of 26S proteasomes (Ecm proteasomes), increased the abundance of TLR3 in human embryonic kidney-293 and HeLa cells. Loss of Ecm29 also increased the amounts of LC3β and p62, two proteins that mediate autophagy. The absence of Ecm29 enhanced TLR3 signaling, which was characterized by the increased abundance of the adaptor protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3, increased phosphorylation and activation of effector kinases downstream of TLR3, increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3, and the accumulation of signaling molecules at juxtanuclear recycling endosomes. We conclude that Ecm proteasomes play a previously uncharacterized role in mediating autophagy, trafficking of TLR3, and attenuation of TLR3-dependent signaling.
Androgyny, ego development, and psychosocial crisis resolution

The present study examined the relationship of psychological androgyny with ego development in the context of Loevinger's theory and with psychosocial crisis resolution from the perspective of Erikson's theory. A sample of 30 male and 30 female adults completed the Bem Sex-role Inventory, the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, and the Inventory of Psychosocial Development (IPD). The androgynous individuals were predominate in the higher stages of Loevinger's hierarchical model of ego development, with the masculine sex-typed orientation falling between the androgynous and feminine sex-typed groups. The highest scores on psychosocial personality development, as assessed by the IPD, were obtained by those with an androgynous sex-role orientation, followed by those with masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated orientations, in that order. These results support the view that psychological androgyny represents an added adaptive capacity that can be developed in association with the development of higher ego functioning. These findings applied equally to both sexes and all age groups.
Heart Transplant Recipients with LVADs and Pulmonary Hypertension Do Not Benefit from “Oversized” Donor Hearts

Purpose In patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) who undergo heart transplantation (HTX), recipients tend to be matched with taller donors in order to improve outcomes. In patients who have left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and PH, the impact of oversizing is unknown. Methods and Materials We evaluated the United Network for Organ Sharing registry of HTX recipients. We included adult recipients with LVAD at the time of transplantation. PH was defined as systolic pulmonary artery pressure >35mmHg. A donor >10.2cm taller than recipient was called Oversized. A donor >10.2cm shorter than recipient was called Undersized. All others were Matched. Standard statistical methods were used. Survival evaluated via the Kaplan-Meier method. Results We identified 2013 HTX recipients who met the inclusion criteria. Of recipients, 73.6% were Matched, 13.9% Oversized, and 12.5% Undersized. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, Oversized trended toward a worse survival (p=0.16 when compared to Matched and Undersized, p=0.06 when compared to Undersized). [ figure 1 ] At 30 days post-transplant, 95.2% of Undersized and 88.3% of Oversized recipients were alive, p=.005. At 1 year, 73.1% of Undersized and 63% of Oversized recipients were alive, p=0.015. Proportional hazard analysis of limited covariates demonstrated a significantly negative impact on survival by a male heart into a female recipient, increasing donor age and ischemic time. Conclusions In HTX recipients with PH and a LVAD at time of transplant, Oversizing donors does not impart a survival advantage and may in fact be detrimental. LVAD related anatomic changes may account for this observation. The impact of other donor specific variables may contribute or mitigate this effect on outcomes.
Individual differences in children's writing: A function of working memory or reading or both processes?

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a general or specific working memory (WM) system is related to writing and whether individual differences in reading and/or processing efficiency underlie the correlations between WM and writing. Two studies correlated WM with writing (Test of Written Language-TOWL) and reading measures. In Study 1, WM was correlated significantly with a number of writing measures, particularly to those measures related to text generation. Working-memory also contributed unique variance to writing, beyond what is predicted by reading comprehension. Study 2 compared the correlations of verbal and visual-spatial WM measures with the TOWL under initial and enhanced memory processing (dynamic assessment) conditions. The coefficients were statistically comparable between initial and enhanced processing conditions, suggesting that individual differences in processing efficiency do not account for the correlations between WM and writing. Overall, the results indicated that (a) WM measures contribute unique variance to writing, especially text generation, and (b) working memory performance improves under gain conditions, but this enhanced processing efficiency did not appear to mediate the links between WM and writing. Taken together, the two studies support a general capacity explanation for the relationship between working memory and text generation.
Exemplification of HAART and HIV/AIDS: A News Experiment

Recent data show that the number of deaths from HIV has declined but the disease continues to spread. An emerging line of research suggests that the apparent increase may be due to complacency, whereby faith in medicine encourages risk-taking behavior. This study examines the hypothesis that certain approaches in the news media could disproportionately influence perceptions of treatment success even when paired with statistics. College students and gay men, recruited in the community, were exposed to a fictional news story in which the ratio of four cases of people taking antiretroviral (ARV) medications was varied in two conditions. The story was either consistent with or inconsistent with the success-rate data presented by an alleged medical expert in the story. Participants’ perceptions of ARV success were estimated following exposure to the story. As expected, the personal news stories influenced estimation of ARV success more than the presence of statistical success rate data. Consistent with previou...
Ozone decomposition on alumina : Implications for solid rocket motor exhaust

Rates of ozone decomposition on aluminum oxide (alumina) particles were measured in a flow tube reactor equipped with molecular beam sampling mass spectrometry and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, and in a static reaction cell equipped with ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. Reaction probabilities η are reported for ozone on α-alumina, γ-alumina, and Chromatographic alumina (hydroxylated alumina), respectively, over the temperature range −60 to 200°C. This work addresses the potential for stratospheric ozone depletion by launch vehicle solid rocket motor exhaust. Considering best estimates of plume particle size distributions and dispersion rates, we calculate ozone depletion profiles, for direct decomposition on alumina only. The calculated ozone holes are rather narrow. In the worst case, ozone levels are within 5 × 10−5 of ambient in the center of the plume. A simple analysis of the global impact of alumina particles on ozone decomposition indicates a potential steady-state daytime depletion of < 2.6 × 10−8 at present launch rates.
Diverse Power Iteration Embeddings and Its Applications

Spectral Embedding is one of the most effective dimension reduction algorithms in data mining. However, its computation complexity has to be mitigated in order to apply it for real-world large scale data analysis. Many researches have been focusing on developing approximate spectral embeddings which are more efficient, but meanwhile far less effective. This paper proposes Diverse Power Iteration Embeddings (DPIE), which not only retains the similar efficiency of power iteration methods but also produces a series of diverse and more effective embedding vectors. We test this novel method by applying it to various data mining applications (e.g. Clustering, anomaly detection and feature selection) and evaluating their performance improvements. The experimental results show our proposed DPIE is more effective than popular spectral approximation methods, and obtains the similar quality of classic spectral embedding derived from eigen-decompositions. Moreover it is extremely fast on big data applications. For example in terms of clustering result, DPIE achieves as good as 95% of classic spectral clustering on the complex datasets but 4000+ times faster in limited memory environment.
A review of mathematical models for the flow of traffic and some recent results

Abstract After reviewing a variety of macroscopic models based on the continuum approach, cellular automata models, models based on the kinetic theory of gases as well as microscopic models, and delineating their usefulness and deficiencies, we present a model based on a discrete system of dynamical systems. We evaluate the efficacy of the model by comparing the predictions of the model with real time data from monitoring facilities on a highway in Austin, Texas.
Sclerosing Substances. Effect on Vascular Endothelium

ConclusionsWhereas the destruction of endothelium is responsible for the development of sterile thrombi following injection of cclerosing substances, the extent of the destruction does not necessarily indicate the degree of thrombosis. In spite of extensive destruction of endothelium, coagulation occurs relatively infrequently, hut usually between the fourth and sixth days a regeneration of the endothelium occurs so that the vessel again becomes lined with a normal endothelium. This and the fact that canalization invariably occurs in the artificially produced thrombi possibly account for recurrences following the injection treatment of varicose veins.
ARTICULATED CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT

Articulated Configuration Management is a system that provides a backplane for status accounting, source code control, embedded processes, and project management. It does this by automating and linking the processes that previously were manual evolutions. The implementation, and indeed the definition, of Configuration Management varies widely among both Department of Defense and civilian activities. Some possible scenarios are presented in the hope that new technology may provide a better solution and definition for all concerned. This paper discusses the evolution of Configuration Management systems of the past into new technology that fully automates and articulates the Software Engineering Environment. It is presented and demonstrated in partnership with SQL Software Inc. of Vienna, Virginia In its purest form, Configuration Management has always been viewed as the process of tracking change. The change vehicle itself goes by many names within the industry. It may be called a bug report, trouble report, change proposal or a multitude of other names. For the purpose of this paper, I will refer to the change vehicle as a change document. Historically, Configuration Management and its associated change documents have been paper forms or manually updated forms within a database. This traditional Configuration Management very rarely had a meaningful connection to the source code modification it was supposed to track. The advent of state of the art Configuration Management systems now provides us with the capability to join or articulate the change document with the modified code and its outputs. Configuration Management systems are usually predicated on the development, baseline, and release philosophy of an organization. This philosophy generally is implemented in one or more of the following three scenarios.
Defining the Status of RNA Polymerase at Promoters

Recent genome-wide studies in metazoans have shown that RNA polymerase II (Pol II) accumulates to high densities on many promoters at a rate-limited step in transcription. However, the status of this Pol II remains an area of debate. Here, we compare quantitative outputs of a global run-on sequencing assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assays and demonstrate that the majority of the Pol II on Drosophila promoters is transcriptionally engaged; very little exists in a preinitiation or arrested complex. These promoter-proximal polymerases are inhibited from further elongation by detergent-sensitive factors, and knockdown of negative elongation factor, NELF, reduces their levels. These results not only solidify the notion that pausing occurs at most promoters, but demonstrate that it is the major rate-limiting step in early transcription at these promoters. Finally, the divergent elongation complexes seen at mammalian promoters are far less prevalent in Drosophila, and this specificity in orientation correlates with directional core promoter elements, which are abundant in Drosophila.
Mechanical Support in Childhood Heart Failure

Despite optimization of standard medical therapy, some patients with chronic heart failure will deteriorate to the point that they require hospitalization for intravenous therapies and inpatient monitoring. Once the condition is recognized, the therapeutic goals are to reverse hemodynamic derangements, correct metabolic abnormalities, and provide symptomatic relief. Achievement of these goals requires individualized care and a familiarity with the risks and benefits of particular therapies.
Probing oxidative stress: Small molecule fluorescent sensors of metal ions, reactive oxygen species, and thiols

Oxidative stress is a common feature shared by many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Factors that contribute to cellular oxidative stress include elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, diminished availability of detoxifying thiols, and the misregulation of metal ions (both redox-active iron and copper as well as non-redox active calcium and zinc). Deciphering how each of these components interacts to contribute to oxidative stress presents an interesting challenge. Fluorescent sensors can be powerful tools for detecting specific analytes within a complicated cellular environment. Reviewed here are several classes of small molecule fluorescent sensors designed to detect several molecular participants of oxidative stress. We focus our review on describing the design, function and application of probes to detect metal cations, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular thiol-containing compounds. In addition, we highlight the intricacies and complications that are often faced in sensor design and implementation.
A Far Infrared Spectroscopic System Used in Fusion Plasma Diagnostics

A far infrared spectroscopic system, covering the wavelength region between 50 ?m and capable of variable spectral resolution between 100 and 1000, has been built. The spectroscopic system is described in some detail. It is comprised of a monochromator, which utilizes five different echelette gratings, each of which covers one octave, of a radiometric system for absolute power calibration, and of various cryogenic and room temperature detectors. The system works in two modes: a continuous mode using the absolute power calibration, the radiometer, and continuous standard radiation sources, and a pulsed mode without the radiometer for plasma radiation studies. In this manner the power spectrum of the observed pulsed plasma radiation is absolutely calibrated. A rather new method in monochromator design utilizing ray transfer matrix method and phase space diagrams is discussed, and various optical errors in the system are evaluated. The method of performing and the evaluation of radiation studies utilizing this system is presented. The system will be used in the very near future to measure the far infrared radiation from several of our fusion experiments: from Texas Tokamak, a large experimental fusion device; from a small, adiabatically heated, symmetric, hot electron stellarator; and from some other hot plasma devices. These experiments have strong magnetic fields, ranging between 30 to 5OkG. Moreover, high electron temperatures--between 1 to 20 keV--are expected, so that the synchrotron radiation in the far infrared will be appreciable. Synchrotron radiation from Tokamak as a function of the electron temperature and density is discussed.
WE-D-BRE-03: Late Toxicity Following Photon Or Proton Radiotherapy in Patients with Brain Tumors

Purpose: To identify indicators of Late Grade 3 (LG3) toxicity, late vision and hearing changes in patients treated for primary brain tumors with photon (XRT) or proton radiotherapy (PRT). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 102 patients who received brain XRT or PRT to doses of 54 or 59.6 Gy in daily fractions of 1.8–2 Gy. Of the 80 patients (34 XRT, 39 PRT and 7 both modalities) reviewed for indicators of LG3 toxicity, 25 developed LG3 toxicity 90 to 500 days after radiotherapy completion. 55 patients had less than LG3 toxicity > 500 days after treatment. In that time, late vision and hearing changes were seen in 44 of 75 and 25 of 78 patients, respectively. The correlation between late toxicity and prescription dose, planning target volume (PTV) size, and doses to the brainstem, brain, optic chiasm, optic nerves, eyes and cochlea was evaluated. A two-tailed Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for the statistical analysis for XRT, PRT and all patients combined. Results: Exceeding the 54 Gy-5% dose-volume brainstem constraint, but not the optic structure constraints, was significantly correlated (p 60 Gy was significantly larger in patients with LG3 toxicity for all patients combined (p < 0.05). Prescription dose, brainstem dose and PTV volume were not correlated to LG3 toxicity. Conclusion: Our results indicate the importance of minimizing the brain volume irradiated, and brainstem and cochlea doses to reduce the risk of late toxicities following brain radiotherapy.
Surface and bulk oxygen non-stoichiometry and bulk chemical expansion in gadolinium-doped cerium oxide

Abstract Doped and undoped cerium(IV) oxides are ceramics commonly used as catalysts and as solid oxide fuel cell materials. In low oxygen partial pressure, ceria-based materials become non-stoichiometric and can form defect complexes that hinder ionic conductivity. In addition, oxygen non-stoichiometry induces strain (chemical expansion) that can result in stresses for composite or constrained applications. In this paper the non-stoichiometry and chemical expansion behavior has been measured in the temperature range 600–900 °C and in a wide oxygen partial pressure range. Surface oxygen non-stoichiometry has also been measured by comparing low surface area to high surface area samples. The bulk non-stoichiometry and chemical expansion behavior have been successfully modeled using a mass action formalism with defect complex formation to account for defect interactions. It has been found that surface defect concentration, previously ignored in the literature, can result in erroneous non-stoichiometry measurements.
Psychoanalytic Theories of Personality

psychoanalytic theories of personality , psychoanalytic theories of personality , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Hydrologic evolution of drainage basins disturbed by surface mining, central Pennsylvania

The hydrologic evolution of drainage basins disturbed by surface mining in central Pennsylvania is regulated by infiltration capacity of minesoils and its control on hillslope runoff processes. Steady-state infiltration capacity of newly reclaimed minesoils is uniformly low, less than 1 cm/hr, and it generally increases up to 6 cm/hr with time, the magnitude of increase being dependent on soil characteristics and vegetation. In drainage basins where steady-state infiltration capacity recovers to less than 3 cm/hr, the dominant runoff process is infiltration-excess overland flow. Increased peak runoff rates associated with infiltration-excess overland flow are sufficient to initiate drainage network evolution in these basins, with phases of expansion and abstraction. Storm hydrographs are characterized by (1) increasing peak and total runoff and decreasing time to peak runoff during periods of network extension and (2) decreasing peak and total runoff and increasing time to peak runoff during network abstraction. Trends in hydrograph evolution are due to the relative efficiency of channeled-versus overland-flow processes for removing excess rainfall from the basin. In contrast, in drainage basins where steady-state infiltration capacity recovers to greater than 3 cm/hr, runoff is initially dominated by infiltration-excess overland flow, but saturation overland flow is increasingly dominant with time. Drainage network evolution is limited to skeletal network initiation and elongation, which occur while the basin is dominated by infiltration-excess overland flow. Changes in storm hydrographs include decreasing peak runoff and increasing time to peak runoff, the result of the increasing dominance and lagged response of saturation overland flow. Although steady-state infiltration capacity increases in these basins, total runoff remains essentially constant due to the extended and less steep recession limb of storm hydrographs, which is a characteristic of hydrographs from basins dominated by saturation overland flow. The hydrologic response of drainage basins to changes in the dominant runoff process has important implications for models of long-term drainage-basin evolution, particularly those used to evaluate climate change and associated changes in vegetation and soil chemical and physical properties, each of which may affect infiltration capacity.
The correlation between light-induced metallic film voltages and time-dependent temperature gradients

Abstract Light-induced transverse voltages in thin Mo films on Al 2 O 3 have been studied using fast rise-time laser pulses with widths of approximately 100 nsec. Both front and back (interfacial) illumination of the film produce voltages that correlate extremely well with the time-dependent average normal temperature gradient as determined by computer simulation. These results support a thermoelectric model as the source of the voltage.
Physical activity and dietary behavior in US adults and their combined influence on health.

Abstract Objective To examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and dietary behavior and their combined effect on health. Patients and Methods Data for this study were obtained from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. The data were evaluated between September 9, 2012, and August 14, 2013. As part of the national survey, participants wore an accelerometer for 4 or more days to assess physical activity, blood samples were obtained to assess various biological markers, and interviews were conducted to assess dietary behavior. We selected a sample of 5211 participants and categorized them into 4 groups: (1) healthy diet and active, (2) unhealthy diet and active, (3) healthy diet and inactive, and (4) unhealthy diet and inactive. Results A total of 16.5% of participants (weighted proportions) were classified as consuming a healthy diet and being sufficiently active. After adjustments, participants were 32% more likely to consume a healthy diet if they met physical activity guidelines. For nearly all biomarkers, those who consumed a healthy diet and were sufficiently active had the most favorable biomarker levels. Compared with those who consumed a healthy diet and were active, participants who consumed an unhealthy diet and were inactive were 2.4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Our findings indicate a relationship between objectively measured physical activity and dietary behavior and that participating in regular physical activity and eating a healthy diet are associated with better health outcomes when compared with diet or physical activity alone.
The interrelationship of job satisfaction and similarity in philosophic view within academic departments

This study used a questionnaire to determine the effect on job satisfaction of the similarity in philosophic view between faculty members (N=198) and their department chairperson (N=30) in four-year colleges and universities in the Midwest. On the basis of the data collected in this study no relationship was found between level of job satisfaction and similarity in philosophic view between the faculty members and the department chairperson of an academic department.
Dynamically Evaluated Gravity Compensation for the RAVEN Surgical Robot

Abstract— Using an accelerometer on the base of a robot, it is possible to calculate the torque required from each actuator in order to maintain a known pose regardless of base orientation with respect to the direction or magnitude of gravity. A simple and novel method has been developed and implemented for overcoming gravity induced torques on the RAVEN(TM) surgical research robot. This innovation will allow for accurate control of serial robot manipulators with re-orientable bases or for those operating in non-stationary environments such as boats, space stations, or moving vehicles.
DEFERIPRONE : AN IN VITRO INHIBITOR OF PROTEIN HYDROXYLASES VITAL FOR MATRIX FORMATION AND CELL PROLIFERATION † 944

DEFERIPRONE : AN IN VITRO INHIBITOR OF PROTEIN HYDROXYLASES VITAL FOR MATRIX FORMATION AND CELL PROLIFERATION † 944
The structure of the C4 cluster radical

The first infrared spectrum of gas phase, jet-cooled C4 has been measured by high resolution diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Twelve rovibrational transitions are assigned to the nu3(sigmau) antisymmetric stretch of linear 3Sigma - g C4. No evidence is observed for the bent structure of triplet C4 recently observed in a matrix study by Cheung and Graham [J. Chem. Phys. 91, 6664 (1989)]. Indeed, the measured band origin (1548.9368(21) cm^–1) and effective ground state C–C bond length [1.304 31(21)A] are consistent with several ab initio predictions of a rigid, linear, cumulenic structure for this cluster radical.
Optically subtracted background in Fresnel zone-plate imaging

Abstract A major disadvantage to imaging (e.g. gamma rays) with Fresnel zone plates is the presence of the undiffracted (dc) light in the final image. This undesired light reduces the image contrast and is particularly serious when imaging large objects. Two techniques are described which remove this background by employing optical interference during the image reconstruction process. Experimental results are presented for one of the techniques.
Female artists and the VR crucible: expanding the aesthetic vocabulary

Virtual Reality was a technological wonder in its early days, and it was widely held to be a domain where men were the main practitioners. However, a survey done in 2007 of VR Artworks (Immersive Virtual Environments or VEs) showed that women have actually created the majority of artistic immersive works. This argues against the popular idea that the field has been totally dominated by men. While men have made great contributions in advancing the field, especially technologically, it appears most artistic works emerge from a decidedly feminine approach. Such an approach seems well suited to immersive environments as it incorporates aspects of inclusion, wholeness, and a blending of the body and the spirit. Female attention to holistic concerns fits the gestalt approach needed to create in a fully functional yet open-ended virtual world, which focuses not so much on producing a finished object (like a text or a sculpture) but rather on creating a possibility for becoming, like bringing a child into the world. Immersive VEs are not objective works of art to be hung on a wall and critiqued. They are vehicles for experience, vessels to live within for a piece of time.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Is Widely Expressed in the Human Fetus, Placenta, and Cord Blood

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Is Widely Expressed in the Human Fetus, Placenta, and Cord Blood
Probing the formation and chemistry of enoxyoxirane derivatives in the C-ring en route to guanacastepene

Enol acetate and silyl enol ether, derivatives of 2 and 3 undergo stereoselective epoxidation from the β-face of the C13–C14 olefin. The progression of these compounds to the C13 acetoxy C14 ketones is described.
The effects of gas transport properties on blister formation in He + -implanted glass

Abstract Blister formation in He + -implanted glasses is correlated with the measured helium gas diffusivity. A scries of glasses with diffusivities from ∼3 × 10 −7 to ∼5 × 10 −12 cm 2 sec −1 was implanted under nearly identical conditions with 150 keV He + ions at a flux of 15 μA cm −2 and a nominal sample temperature of 110°C. Glasses with D less than ∼1 × 10 −9 cm 2 sec −1 were fully blistered, whereas those with D greater than ∼3 × 10 −8 cm 2 sec −1 showed no surface deformation. Glasses with diffusivities between ∼3 × 10 −8 and ∼1 × 10 −9 cm 2 sec −1 had local regions with low density coverage of relatively large blisters. The critical concentration of implanted helium, estimated by comparing experimental data with results from a simple theoretical model, is ∼1 × 10 19 cm −3 , consistent with high pressure solubility measurements. Reemission data at low fluence are qualitatively in agreement with analytical calculations. Implications for CTR technology are discussed.
Novel splice site mutation of aspartoacylase gene in a Turkish patient with Canavan disease

Canavan disease is a severe, progressive autosomal recessive neurodegenerative leukodystrophy. Canavan disease occurs more frequently among Ashkenazi Jewish individuals with two predominant mutations in the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene. The disease is less frequent in non-Jewish individuals and the mutations randomly reside on the ASPA gene, with one mutation seen more frequently among patients of European extraction. In the present study we report a novel homozygous donor splice site mutation of intron 4 in a child with first-cousin parents of Turkish extraction.
Fiber-optic demonstration of optical frequency division for erbium silicon photonics integrated oscillator

Using fiber-optic components, we demonstrate an optical frequency division scheme for a proposed erbium silicon photonics integrated oscillator. An 80-dB division ratio from 192 THz to 1 GHz is achieved without an f-2f interferometer and carrier-envelope-phase locking.
Deficient Cumulative Learning: An Animal Model of Retarded Cognitive Development

Biological insults that produce profound mental retardation (MR) in humans have generally been found to produce little cognitive dysfunction in animal models. Based on the fact that impaired transfer of learning is one of the hallmark characteristics of mentally retarded humans, we proposed that this discrepancy may largely reflect the common use of a single learning task as the critical cognitive index rather than an assessment of cumulative learning. Consistent with this hypothesis, rats exposed to prenatal hyperphenylalaninemia (a model of maternal PKU) evidenced significant impairment when tested on a series of 10 problems designed to allow for positive transfer of learning. This same treatment, however, did not alter learning rate of the individual tasks that comprised this series when presented singly to experimentally naive animals. Deficient transfer of learning contributed significantly to the impairment observed in the maternal PKU group. These results support the hypothesis that the assessment of cumulative learning is an important component of animal models of impaired cognitive development.