cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual search in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's disease

Visual search is an aspect of visual cognition that may be more impaired in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) than Alzheimer's disease (AD). To assess this possibility, the present study compared patients with DLB (n = 17), AD (n = 30), or Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD; n = 10) to non-demented patients with PD (n = 18) and normal control (NC) participants (n = 13) on single-feature and feature-conjunction visual search tasks. In the single-feature task participants had to determine if a target stimulus (i.e., a black dot) was present among 3, 6, or 12 distractor stimuli (i.e., white dots) that differed in one salient feature. In the feature-conjunction task participants had to determine if a target stimulus (i.e., a black circle) was present among 3, 6, or 12 distractor stimuli (i.e., white dots and black squares) that shared either of the target's salient features. Results showed that target detection time in the single-feature task was not influenced by the number of distractors (i.e., "pop-out" effect) for any of the groups. In contrast, target detection time increased as the number of distractors increased in the feature-conjunction task for all groups, but more so for patients with AD or DLB than for any of the other groups. These results suggest that the single-feature search "pop-out" effect is preserved in DLB and AD patients, whereas ability to perform the feature-conjunction search is impaired. This pattern of preserved single-feature search with impaired feature-conjunction search is consistent with a deficit in feature binding that may be mediated by abnormalities in networks involving the dorsal occipito-parietal cortex.
Individualized Physical 3-dimensional Kidney Tumor Models Constructed From 3-dimensional Printers Result in Improved Trainee Anatomic Understanding.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed physical renal models with enhancing masses on medical trainee characterization, localization, and understanding of renal malignancy. Methods Proprietary software was used to import standard computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional imaging into 3D printers to create physical models of renal units with enhancing renal lesions in situ. Six different models were printed from a transparent plastic resin; the normal parenchyma was printed in a clear, translucent plastic, with a red hue delineating the suspicious renal lesion. Medical students, who had completed their first year of training, were given an overview and tasked with completion of RENAL nephrometry scores, separately using CT imaging and 3D models. Trainees were also asked to complete a questionnaire about their experience. Variability between trainees was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and kappa statistics were used to compare the trainee to experts. Results Overall trainee nephrometry score accuracy was significantly improved with the 3D model vs CT scan ( P P Conclusion Physical 3D models using readily available printing techniques improve trainees' understanding and characterization of individual patients' enhancing renal lesions.
Exploring Drivers of Innovative Technology Adoption Intention: The Case of Plug‐In Vehicles

An array of internal and external factors, as well as information and cost barriers, motivate individuals to respond to innovative technologies. The authors do the following in order to better understand technology adoption decision making: (1) in response to reductions in the price of plug-in vehicles, changes in intend to purchase are assessed; and (2) motivators are identified that incline new car buyers toward plug-ins under status quo and reduced vehicle cost scenarios. It was found by the authors that under a reduced-cost scenario, individuals already inclined toward alternative vehicles have a higher interest in plug-ins than those favoring conventional vehicles. It was also found that material factors and fears relating to the innovative technology motivate individuals who shift their vehicle preference from conventional gasoline to plug-in vehicles; while on the other hand, a mix of material and nonmaterial factors motivate those shifting preferences between less to more innovative technologies.
Immunohistochemical prognostication of Merkel cell carcinoma: p63 expression but not polyomavirus status correlates with outcome

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) represents a cutaneous malignancy with high associated mortality. Numerous studies have attempted to define characteristics to more accurately predict outcome. Two recent studies have demonstrated that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) seropositivity correlated with a better prognosis, while a third study revealed no difference. Expression of p63 by tumor cell nuclei has been shown to be associated with a worse prognosis in a European cohort. To better understand the relationship between prognosis and MCPyV or p63 status, we used immunohistochemistry to evaluate both attributes in 36 US patients with MCC. Our results show that when considered as a binary variable, p63 expression represents a strong risk factor (p < 0.0001, hazards ratio (HR) = ∞) for shortened survival. In addition, our results show that MCPyV status does not correlate with survival (p = 0.6067, HR = 1.27). Our study corroborates the European observation that p63 immunoexpression is useful as a prognostic tool. Larger studies will need to be performed in order to determine whether p63 status should be included in MCC staging, since our study is limited by its relative small size.
Orbiting charge-transfer cross sections between He + ions and cesium atoms at near-thermal ion-atom energies

The energy dependence of the total charge-transfer cross section for the collision of helium ions with cesium atoms at epithermal energies (0.1 to 1 eV) has been measured. It was observed that the cross section increases with E/sup -1/2/. This can be attributed to orbiting collisions. The charge-transfer cross section is expressed as the product of the classical orbiting cross section and a quantum-mechanical charge-transfer probability which is shown to be energy independent.
Implicit Bias and the Illusion of Conscious Ill Will

Implicit bias is defined, in part, by a lack of intent. Yet the implicit attitudes literature has made little contact with research on the experience of conscious will, which suggests that the feeling of conscious intent is an inference rather than a direct report of how actions are caused. We tested the hypothesis that inferences about one’s intentions shape whether an automatically activated attitude is endorsed explicitly. In a first study, individuals who perceived their attitudes toward gay men to be intended showed stronger implicit–explicit correspondence. In a second study, we manipulated perceptions of intent. Inferences that implicit bias was intended caused participants to express those biases on an explicit measure. A third study replicated the experimental effects and found that metacognitions of intent were especially influential among individuals who were motivated to be unprejudiced. Results suggest that metacognitive inferences about intent can shape whether automatically activated bias b...
Phase-vanishing halolactonization of neat substrates

Phase-vanishing reactions are triphasic reactions which involve a reagent, a liquid perfluoroalkane as a phase screen and a substrate. The perfluoroalkane does not dissolve any of the reactants and is used to separate them. Halolactonization of neat substrates under phase-vanishing conditions avoids use of both solvents and basic reaction conditions. Both γ,δ-alkenoic acids as well as the corresponding methyl esters are suitable substrates for phase-vanishing halolactonizations. The reaction works well both on solid and liquid substrates and the products are obtained in good to excellent yields, particularly in the case of rigid bicyclic systems. Bromine (Br2) and iodine monochloride (ICl) are suitable electrophiles for bromolactonization and iodolactonization, respectively. Although in some cases iodine gave satisfactory yields of the corresponding iodolactone, it is generally inferior to iodine monochloride.
The energetics and propagation dynamics of tropical summertime synoptic-scale disturbances

Abstract Periods of enhanced synoptic activity in the tropical western Pacific, Bay of Bengal-northeastern India, and African-Atlantic regions are identified by extended empirical orthogonal function analysis. Composite mete-orological fields for such active periods at various sites are constructed using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses for the northern summers of 1980–1987. These composite data form the basis for evaluating the contributions of different dynamical processes to local balances of beat, moisture, vorticity, enstrophy, and energy, so that the propagation dynamics and principal energy sources of the tropical disturbances may be studied in detail. In all three tropical regions considered here, the westward propagation of the synoptic-scale disturbances is attributed mostly to vorticity advection by both the time-mean flow and the transient fluctuations. In the western Pacific and Indian sectors, condensation heating associated with cumulus convection is seen ...
Endocytic trafficking of megalin/RAP complexes: dissociation of the complexes in late endosomes.

Megalin (gp330) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family. Like other members of the family, it is an endocytic receptor that binds a number of specific ligands. Megalin also ...
A new function for a common fold: the crystal structure of quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase.

Abstract Background: Quinolinic acid (QA) is a neurotoxin and has been shown to be present at high levels in the central nervous system of patients with certain diseases, such as AIDS and meningitis. The enzyme quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QAPRTase) provides the only route for QA metabolism and is also an essential step in de novo NAD biosynthesis. QAPRTase catalyzes the synthesis of nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) from QA and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). The structures of several phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTases) have been reported, and all have shown a similar fold of a five-strandard β sheet surrounded by four α helices. A conserved sequence motif of 13 residues is common to these ‘type I' PRTases but is not observed in the QAPRTase sequence, suggestive of a different fold for this enzyme. Results: The crystal structure of QAPRTase from Salmonella typhimurium has been determined with bound QA to 2.8 A resolution, and with bound NAMN to 3.0 A resolution. Most significantly, the enzyme shows a completely novel fold for a PRTase enzyme comprising a two-domain structure: a mixed α / β N-terminal domain and an α / β barrel-like domain containing seven β strands. The active site is located at the C-terminal ends of the β strands of the α / β barrel, and is bordered by the N-terminal domain of the second subunit of the dimer. The active site is largely composed of a number of conserved charged residues that appear to be important for substrate binding and catalysis. Conclusions: The seven-stranded α / β -barrel domain of QAPRTase is very similar in structure to the eight-stranded α / β -barrel enzymes. The structure shows a phosphate-binding site that appears to be conserved among many α / β -barrel enzymes including indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase and flavocytochrome b2. The new fold observed here demonstrates that the PRTase enzymes have evolved their similar chemistry from at least two completely different protein architectures.
Ventral, subcoronal, and penoscrotal penile approach for semirigid rod penile prostheses

Autologous cartilage and bone grafts that are used for internal splinting as prosthetic materials have been performed historically, but long-term results have been poor [1]. Advances in treatment enabled the use of synthetic materials (acrylic rods), as described by Goodwin and Scott in 1952 [3]. Semirigid rod penile prostheses were introduced in the early 1970s, relatively close to the advent of hydraulic prostheses. Initially, semirigid rod implants readily were accepted because of the relative simplicity of insertion and use. Although semirigid rod and hydraulic implants have a high rate of satisfaction, the inflatable or hydraulic prostheses now make up more than 90% of the market. Inflatable prostheses are more desirable in terms of increased rigidity and flaccidity. Nonetheless, semirigid rod penile prostheses are still applicable and have potential advantages, including: • Low rate of mechanical failure • Adequacy of erections • Ease of insertion • Extensive applicability to pelvic surgery patients • Little manual dexterity needed for operation • Less anxiety, compared with the anxiety of cycling a hydraulic device • Lower financial costs and operating time • Aid in placement of external condom catheter in spinal cord Disadvantages include a greater risk for pressure necrosis from the rods compared with the risk with inflatable devices, especially in patients with absent or decreased penile sensation. This problem results from the lack of flaccidity, a disadvantage that makes inflatable devices are more marketable. Another disadvantage is the increased difficulty in peforming endoscopy. Semirigid rod prostheses are available as malleable or mechanical types (Table 1). The mechanical prosthesis from Timm Medical Technologies (Eden Prairie, MN) primarily is composed of polyethylene segments and an outer layer of silicone. The malleable prostheses, available from American Medical Systems (Minnetonka, MN) and Mentor (Santa Barbara, CA), are designed as a core of bendable wire with a silicone sheath.
Evaluation of mixtures of morphine and d-amphetamine for subjective and physiological effects

Abstract Combinations of morphine and d -amphetamine have been shown to be more effective in relieving pathological and experimental pain with fewer side effects than morphine alone. Subjective, physiological and behavioral effects of the combination were assessed in the present study to determine whether the abuse liability of the combination might also be enhanced. Single intramuscular doses of morphine and d -amphetamine alone and in combination were tested under double-blind conditions in 10 adult, male, nondependent substance abusers. Morphine and amphetamine alone increased scores on subjective effect measures including the Morphine-Benzedrine Group (MBG) (euphoria) and liking scales. In general, the combination produced greater euphoria than that produced by either drug alone. In contrast, many physiological effects of the drugs were mutually antagonized. Thus, the combination of morphine and d -amphetamine has a greater potential to be abused because of the additive euphoria and a lessening of side effects.
Medications in Long-Term Care: When Less is More

Attention has been drawn to the potential risks of several medications in the long-term care setting. Most of these medications deemed as inappropriate affect the central nervous system and are indicated only for select populations with specific conditions. Many of these drugs are prescribed without clear indications and continued indefinitely without critical decision-making about the potentially salutary effects of discontinuing medications. This article describes the increasing awareness of potentially inappropriate prescribing in the long-term care setting and reviews the rationale for why various types of medications are deemed inappropriate, with a focus on agents that affect central nervous system functioning.
Generalized Stress Intensity Factors for Strength Analysis of Bi-Material Interfaces

ABSTRACT A boundary element method is developed for the determination of generalized stress intensity factors associated with bi-material interfaces. The new formulation, which is based on the theory of boundary eigensolutions, employs displacements and weighted tractions as primary variables. As a result, the solution is obtained exclusively in terms of bounded quantities enabling the attainment of mesh-independent results while requiring only surface discretization. Several numerical examples are considered to assess the performance of the method, including a detailed strength analysis of epoxy-steel cylindrical butt joints.
Compounds containing gallium–silicon bonding: syntheses and X-ray crystal structures of bis-[2(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]gallium, Aryl2GaSi(SiMe3)3 and diphenyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]gallium, Ph2GaSi(SiMe3)3 · THF ☆

Abstract The preparation and characterization of two new compounds with gallium–silicon interatomic interactions are described. The single crystal X-ray diffraction structure of bis-[(2-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]gallium, Aryl2GaSi(SiMe3)3 (Aryl=(2-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl) (1) and diphenyl-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]gallium tetrahydrofuranate, Ph2GaSi(SiMe3)3 · THF (2), are described. Each compound is obtained from the reaction between LiSi(SiMe3)3 · 3THF and R2GaCl (R=Aryl for (1) and R=Ph for (2)). (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m, Z=4, a=9.0283(2), b=30.8751(6), c=12.3403(3) A, β=104.4160(10)°. The gallium atom is four-coordinate, surrounded by two carbon atoms, a silicon atom and a nitrogen atom stemming from one of the amine ‘arms’ of one of the 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl ligands; 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 , Z=2, a=9.51000(10), b=12.94050(10), c=13.1823(2) A, α=78.7750(10)°, β=83.30°, γ=79.4740(10)°. The gallium atom is four-coordinate, bonding to two carbon atoms, a silicon atom and the THF-oxygen, in a near tetrahedral geometry. Both compounds, 1 and 2, are monomeric in the solid state.
Structural changes induced in p21Ras upon GAP-334 complexation as probed by ESEEM spectroscopy and molecular-dynamics simulation.

Abstract Background: The means by which the protein GAP accelerates GTP hydrolysis, and thereby downregulates growth signaling by p21 Ras , is of considerable interest, particularly inasmuch as p21 mutants are implicated in a number of human cancers. A GAP "arginine finger," identified by X-ray crystallography, has been suggested as playing the principal role in the GTP hydrolysis. Mutagenesis studies, however, have shown that the arginine can only partially account for the 10 5 -fold increase in the GAP-accelerated GTPase rate of p21. Results: We report electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) studies of GAP-334 complexed with GMPPNP bound p21 in frozen solution, together with molecular-dynamics simulations. Our results indicate that, in solution, the association of GAP-334 with GTP bound p21 induces a conformational change near the metal ion active site of p21. This change significantly reduces the distances from the amide groups of p21 glycine residues 60 and 13 to the divalent metal ion. Conclusions: The movement of glycine residues 60 and 13 upon the binding of GAP-334 in solution provides a physical basis to interpret prior mutagenesis studies, which indicated that Gly-60 and Gly-13 of p21 play important roles in the GAP-dependent GTPase reaction. Gly-60 and Gly-13 may play direct catalytic roles and stabilize the attacking water molecule and β,γ-bridging oxygen, respectively, in p21. The amide proton of Gly-60 could also play an indirect role in catalysis by supplying a crucial hydrogen bonding interaction that stabilizes loop L4 and therefore the position of other important catalytic residues.
Impact of continued biased disenrollment from the Medicare Advantage Program to fee-for-service.

Background: Medicare managed care enrollees who disenroll to fee-for-service (FFS) historically have worse health and higher costs than continuing enrollees and beneficiaries remaining in FFS. Objective: To examine disenrollment patterns by analyzing Medicare payments following disenrollment from Medicare Advantage (MA) to FFS in 2007. Recent growth in the MA program, introduction of limits on timing of enrollment/disenrollment, and initiation of prescription drug benefits may have substantially changed the dynamics of disenrollment. Study design: The study was based on MA enrollees who disenrolled to FFS in 2007 (N=248,779) and a sample of “FFS stayers” residing in the same counties as the disenrollees (N=551,616). Actual Medicare Part A and Part B payments (excluding hospice payments) in the six months following disenrollment were compared with predicted payments based on claims experience of local FFS stayers, adjusted for CMS-Hierarchical Condition Category (CMS-HCC) risk scores. Results: Disenrollees incurred $1,021 per month in Medicare payments, compared with $798 in predicted payments (ratio of actual/predicted=1.28, p < 0.001). Differences between actual and predicted payments were smaller for disenrollees of Preferred Provider Organizations and Private Fee-for-Service plans than of Health Maintenance Organizations. Analysis of 10 individual MA plans revealed variation in the degree of selective disenrollment. Conclusions: Despite substantial changes in policies and market characteristics of the Medicare managed care program, disenrollment to FFS continues to occur disproportionately among high-cost beneficiaries, raising concerns about care experiences among sicker enrollees and increased costs to Medicare.
Screening of a hypercritical charge in graphene

Screening of a large external charge in graphene is studied. The charge is assumed to be displaced away or smeared over a finite region of the graphene plane. The initial decay of the screened potential with distance is shown to follow the $3∕2$ power. It gradually changes to the Coulomb law outside of a hypercritical core whose radius is proportional to the external charge.
Utilizing the Continuum of Care in Wound Management

Today's health care environment demands flexibility and creativity in the manner that we provide services. The management of skin problems and pressure ulcers provides health care providers with different challenges today. This article will explore the expanded health care continuum and how an individual who has acquired a pressure ulcer can utilize the different settings. Ultimately, the goals remain the same: to heal the skin and maintain intact skin.
Effects of Nitroglycerin on Hemodynamics During Rest and Exercise in Patients with Coronary Insufficiency

Twenty-three patients exhibiting coronary insufficiency on exercise have been studied at rest and at exercise prior to and following sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. The most consistent and marked effect of nitroglycerin was the reduction in pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary resistance, and right ventricular work at rest and during exercise. Our patients were grouped according to the degree of left ventricular failure as indicated by the abnormality of rise in pulmonary artery pressure during exercise. It became evident that nitroglycerin improved left ventricular function in terms of increased output and lessened pulmonary artery pressure in cases in which failure was most severe.
The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1955–1985

Objective To describe trends in the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a period of 30 years in a population-based cohort. Methods An inception cohort of Rochester, Minnesota residents who were ≥35 years of age and had RA (as defined by the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA) first diagnosed between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 1985 was assembled and followed up until January 1, 1995. Incidence rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 1970 US white population. Prevalence of RA in this cohort was estimated on January 1, 1985. A birth-cohort analysis was performed by calculating and comparing incidence rates in each of 16 birth cohorts. Results Of the 425 Rochester residents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, there were 113 men (26.6%) and 312 women (73.4%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 60.2 years. The mean followup time was 15.1 years. The overall age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of RA among Rochester, Minnesota residents ≥35 years of age (1955–1985) was 75.3 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval 68.0–82.5). This incidence was approximately double in women compared with that in men and increased steadily with age, until age 85, after which the incidence of RA decreased. Secular trends in the incidence of RA over the entire study period were demonstrated. The overall prevalence of RA on January 1, 1985 was ∼1%. The birth-cohort analysis showed peak incidence rates in the 1880–1895 birth cohorts. Conclusion The epidemiology of RA is dynamic. The findings in this study lend further support to the hypothesis of a host–environment interaction in the pathogenesis of RA.
Low health literacy in older women: The influence of patient–clinician relationships

One in five individuals living in the United States has deficient literacy skills, contributing to challenges navigating a complex health system. Low health literacy is a burden to individuals and to society, with global implications to the most vulnerable, including older women. Findings of this qualitative study support the current literature in that health literacy is a social commodity bound to health care access, health promotion, health protection and disease prevention. New insights highlight the importance of the patient-clinician relationship and a focus on patient-centered care to identify and address health literacy needs. Essential themes identified by participants as requisite to working with low literacy older females are time, relationships, communication, education, and empowerment. Although each may be viewed independently, their overlapping was recognized as key to optimizing health, and of this list, relationships and communication were identified as critical to enhancing minimal health literacy in the clinical setting.
Exploring the Design of a Wearable Device to Turn Everyday Objects into Playful Experiences

In this paper we present a wearable device in the form of a bracelet that turns everyday objects into interactive physical gameplay. We combine physical exploration and interactive entertainment by providing real-time audio and light feedback without the need to be in front of a screen. In contrast with today's computer, video and smartphone games, our system has the potential to enhance children's physical, social and outdoor play. We designed a set of playful applications that seamlessly integrate technology with outdoor game play, music, sports and social interactions.
Simulation of ionic structure in lean and close-to-stoichiometric acetylene flames

Abstract The objective of this study is to predict the behavior of major ions in lean and close-to-stoichiometric acetylene flames. A set of chemical reactions has been formulated that includes reactions for oxidation, pyrolysis, chemiionization, ion-molecule reactions, and charge recombination. The oxidation and pyrolysis mechanisms for acetylene come primarily from a previously developed model. Chemiionization is assumed to occur exclusively by the reaction CH+O→CHO + +e − Ions included in the model are H3O+, CHO+, CH3+, CH2O+, CH3O+, CH5O+, C2HO+, C2H3O+, C3H3+, C5H3+, C5H5+, and C7H5+. It is assumed that electrons are the only negatively charged particles in the flames. The results of simulations are compared to experimental data of other researchers. Although several qualitative features of ionic structure have been successfully modeled, several phenomena cannot be explained by currently accepted ionic mechanisms. These phenomena include the production of C2H3O+ in lean flames and the source of ions in moderately rich flames.
Comment on Mark Fossett's Manuscript: Ethnic Preferences, Social Distance Dynamics, and Residential Segregation: Theoretical Explorations Using Simulation Analysis

Dans cet article, l'A se penche sur les travaux de Mark Fosset concernant les preferences ethniques et la segregation residentielle aux Etats-Unis. L'A analyse le travail de Fosset et discute de sa methodologie a travers le modele de simulation employe pour comprendre les preferences des minorites ethniques
NFκB-Independent Transcriptional Induction of the Human Manganous Superoxide Dismutase Gene

Abstract Numerous conditions induce expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in mammalian cells. The reported inducers of MnSOD are all agents that activate two transcription factors, AP-1 and NFκB, but several reports have suggested that MnSOD induction relies solely on NFκB. We investigated the contribution of the individual transcription factors by using antioxidants and metal chelators to modulate MnSOD transcriptional activation in response to phorbol esters or hydrogen peroxide. The results indicate substantial transcriptional induction of the MnSOD gene independent of NFκB. The metal chelator and antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) at 60 or 100 μM induced the MnSOD transcript in HeLa cells while diminishing expression of the NFκB-responsive transcript IκB-α. Induction of the MnSOD mRNA by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was only slightly diminished in the presence of PDTC, which in contrast virtually eliminated induction of the NFκB-dependent transcript IκB-α by PMA. MnSOD RNA induction by H2O2was only ∼1.5-fold, compared to a ca. 3-fold activation of IκB-α expression. Two other antioxidants,N-acetyl- l -cysteine and butylated hydroxyanisole, failed to block induction of the MnSOD transcript by PMA, which is consistent with a role for AP-1.In vitroDNA binding studies confirmed strong AP-1 activation under conditions where NFκB is blocked but the MnSOD transcript is strongly induced (e.g., PMA treatment in the presence of PDTC).
Apomictic Bahiagrass Expressing the bar Gene Is Highly Resistant to Glufosinate under Field Conditions

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is one of the most important low-input turf and forage grasses in the southeastern USA and in other subtropical regions. Its open growth habit, however, facilitates weed encroachment and its low tolerance to commercially available herbicides complicates weed management. Genetic transformation protocols were recently developed for bahiagrass that allow now, among other approaches, the introduction of herbicide resistance genes. Integration of the bar gene expression cassette into the genomic DNA of the apomictic bahiagrass cultivar Argentine was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Stable expression of the bar gene was detected by an immunochromatographic assay in primary transgenic lines and the seed-derived progeny plants. Several independent transgenic lines showed no growth inhibition, chlorosis, or necrosis following a spray application of 1.0% glufosinate ammonium [2-amino-4-(hydroxymet hylphosphinyl)butanoic acid] under greenhouse conditions. The selected transgenic plants did not differ morphologically from wild-type plants and produced viable seeds in the greenhouse and field. All weeds that coestablished during the field experiment, as well as wild-type bahiagrass, displayed full leaf necrosis after application of 0.3% glufosinate ammonium. Transgenic bahiagrass plants were resistant to a field application of 0.6% glufosinate ammonium, which is twice the recommended rate for weed control, without any symptoms of phytotoxicity.
Localizing Surface‐Related Proteins in Ciliates by Indirect Immunofluorescence Microscopy1

Results obtained in immunofluorescence localization studies involving three antisera, six species of ciliates, and a variety of fixation procedures suggest that superior results can often be obtained by fixing cells in 35–70% ethanol. Formaldehyde fixation appeared to induce redistributions of epiplasmic proteins and surface antigens which were not observed in ethanol-fixed cells. In addition, background fluorescence was significantly lower in ethanol-fixed cells than it was in cells fixed in aldehydes.
Control of Ligand Substitution and Addition Reactions of (Arene)Cr(CO)3 Complexes by Attachment of a Self-Closing Redox Switch

The ferrocenyl group attached to the benzene ring in (C6H5Fc)Cr(CO)3 (3) functions as a reversible redox switch by providing a mechanism for the chromium center to be oxidatively activated to ligand substitution and addition reactions. Because initial oxidation of 3 occurs at the ferrocenyl group, the potentials required for activation are far lower than would otherwise be the case, and this allows for controlled reactions without the unproductive decomposition that often accompanies oxidation of (arene)Cr(CO)3 complexes. Although the chromium in 3+ is predominantly an 18-electron center, it is sufficiently activated to undergo very rapid CO substitution by P(OEt)3 to afford (C6H5Fc)Cr(CO)2P(OEt)3+ (4+). Internal electron transfer from Cr to Fe accompanies this CO substitution, with the result that the ferrocenium group in 3+ reverts to ferrocenyl in 4+, thus closing the redox switch. Upon oxidation of 4+ to 42+, the switch reopens and the chromium center is again activated, this time being attacked by P(...
Relation between growth and replication in bacteria

Abstract The control of chromosome replication in bacteria depends on the cell growth; a round of replication is initiated when the cell mass (or protein) per replication origin has reached a certain critical level. Relative values of this “initiation mass” have previously been estimated from the evaluation of experiments involving age fractionation of radioactively labelled bacterial cultures. Here a theoretical analysis is presented which permits a simple and accurate method to determine this initiation mass from a few parameters easily observable with exponential cultures, without the need for age fractionation.
Effects of relearning sessions on verbal mediating responses

The effects of repeated sessions upon learning the acquisition pairs and upon mediated facilitation were examined in a modified “miniature”-mediation situation. In Experiment I, two sessions were separated by 48-hr. In Experiment II, three sessions were separated by either 5-min. or 48-hr. The numbers of presentations of the pairs of the two acquisition stages required to meet a criterion decreased over the sessions but mediated facilitation did not. The inter-session interval did not influence either acquisition of the pairs or mediated facilitation.
Biomedical article retrieval using multimodal features and image annotations in region-based CBIR

Biomedical images are invaluable in establishing diagnosis, acquiring technical skills, and implementing best practices in many areas of medicine. At present, images needed for instructional purposes or in support of clinical decisions appear in specialized databases and in biomedical articles, and are often not easily accessible to retrieval tools. Our goal is to automatically annotate images extracted from scientific publications with respect to their usefulness for clinical decision support and instructional purposes, and project the annotations onto images stored in databases by linking images through content-based image similarity. Authors often use text labels and pointers overlaid on figures and illustrations in the articles to highlight regions of interest (ROI). These annotations are then referenced in the caption text or figure citations in the article text. In previous research we have developed two methods (a heuristic and dynamic time warping-based methods) for localizing and recognizing such pointers on biomedical images. In this work, we add robustness to our previous efforts by using a machine learning based approach to localizing and recognizing the pointers. Identifying these can assist in extracting relevant image content at regions within the image that are likely to be highly relevant to the discussion in the article text. Image regions can then be annotated using biomedical concepts from extracted snippets of text pertaining to images in scientific biomedical articles that are identified using National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS) Metathesaurus. The resulting regional annotation and extracted image content are then used as indices for biomedical article retrieval using the multimodal features and region-based content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques. The hypothesis that such an approach would improve biomedical document retrieval is validated through experiments on an expert-marked biomedical article dataset.
Cu(II) complexes of N-ethyl-2-picolinamine N-oxide

Abstract Cu(II) complexes have been prepared with N-ethyl-2-picolinamine N-oxide (EA) employing the perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, nitrate, chloride and bromide salts. A single unique solid was isolated for each Cu(II) salt with the following stoichiometries: Cu(EA) 2 X 2 (X  ClO 4 , BF 4 and NO 3 ) and Cu(EA)X 2 (X  Cl and Br). Characterizat has been accomplished primarily by IR, electronic and ESR spectral measurements of the solid state complexes. Significant changes occurred when spectral measurements of acetonitrile or nitromethane solutions of the various solids were attempted indicating alteration of the Cu(II) bonding occurs. EA was found to bind to Cu(II) exclusively as a bidentate ligand via the N-oxide oxygen and the amine nitrogen.
Deeply-scaled CMOS-integrated nanophotonic devices for next generation supercomputers

High-performance computing (HPC) systems capable of delivering Exaflops performance are envisioned to become a reality by the end of this decade. In order to provide the enormous communication bandwidth that is necessary, hundreds of millions of optical interconnects will have to be deployed to connect together racks, modules and chips. To achieve such massive level of parallelism for HPC systems, monolithic integration of deeply scaled silicon optical circuits into the front-end of standard CMOS process have been demonstrated as a promising technology.The monolithic integration of electronic and nanophotonic components was performed at the IBM using 200 mm SOI wafers (SOITEC) having a 220 nm silicon device layer on top of a 2 ¼m BOX. Several processing modules have been added to a standard CMOS processing flow at the front-end of the line. These modules require a minimal number of additional unique masks and processing steps, while sharing most mask levels and processing steps with the rest of CMOS. For example passive waveguides and electro-optical and thermo-optical modulators share the same silicon device layer with CMOS PFETS and NFETS.
Modern and ancient sedimentary basins: Comparative accumulation rates

The rate at which sedimentary fill accumulates in both modern and ancient depositional basins is related to plate tectonic setting, among other factors. The tectonic setting of any basin can be specified in terms of type of substratum (oceanic, continental, or transitional), proximity to plate margins (mid-plate versus interplate), and the nature of the nearby plate margins (constructive, destructive, and conservative). Midplate basins generally accumulate sedimentary fill at much slower rates than basins located along or proximal to plate margins. Midplate basins situated entirely above a single substratum type (that is, cratonic basins) ordinarily accumulate sediment cover very slowly (usually less than 0.006 m/1,000 yr), although more rapidly subsiding negative areas within continental blocks and near their margins adjacent to orogenic areas exhibit higher rates. Midplate basins that straddle both continental and oceanic crust (modern continental terraces and rises, ancient miogeoclines and the nonorogenic portion of ancient eugeosynclines) accumulate sediment several times as rapidly as cratonic basins (generally 0.01 to 0.04 m/1,000 yr). Accumulation rates for sediment deposited in basins along or adjacent to plate margins almost invariably exceed 0.04 m/1,000 yr and are commonly much higher than the accumulation rates for midplate basins. However, the accumulation rates for basins along convergent, divergent, and conservative plate margins are not sufficiently different from one another to be distinctive. Sediment filling the successor basins that commonly develop over the site of sutured plate margins has accumulation rates comparable to those of interplate basins.
Effect of leucine-Isoleucine antagonism on the amino acid pattern of plasma and tissues of the rat

Abstract The leucine, isoleucine, and valine patterns of blood plasma, intestinal contents, intestinal wall, liver, and skeletal muscle of rats were determined at various time intervals over a period of 12 days, during which the animals consumed ad libitum a diet containing enough leucine to cause a leucine—isoleucine and valine antagonism. Two control groups were used for comparison: one was fed a basal diet with no added leucine; the other was fed the high leucine diet supplemented with sufficient isoleucine and valine to alleviate the antagonism. The concentrations of isoleucine and valine in blood plasma from rats fed excess leucine were consistently lower than the respective concentrations in plasma from either of the control groups. Leucine concentration in plasma was greatly elevated when the dietary intake of leucine was high. The pattern for these three amino acids in muscle was similar to that in plasma. The pattern in liver was different from that in muscle or plasma and resembled that in intestinal wall and contents. It therefore appears that feeding a high leucine diet to rats results in normal isoleucine and valine concentrations in the intestine and liver, but markedly reduces concentrations of these amino acids in the skeletal muscle and systemic blood plasma.
THE PRODUCTION OF H i IN PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS AND A COMPARISON WITH CO (1-0) EMISSION

The gas at the surfaces of molecular clouds in galaxies is heated and dissociated by photons from young stars both near and far. H I resulting from the dissociation of molecular hydrogen H2 emits hyperfine line emission at 21 cm, and warmed CO emits dipole rotational lines such as the 2.6 mm line of CO (1-0). We use previously developed models for photodissociation regions (PDRs) to compute the intensities of these H I and CO (1-0) lines as a function of the total volume density n in the cloud and the far-ultraviolet (FUV) flux G0 incident on it and present the results in units familiar to observers. The intensities of these two lines behave differently with changing physical conditions in the PDR, and taken together, the two lines can provide a ground-based radio astronomy diagnostic for determining n and G0 separately in distant molecular clouds. This diagnostic is particularly useful in the range G0 100, 10 cm-3 n 105 cm-3, which applies to a large fraction of the volume of the interstellar medium in galaxies. If the molecular cloud is located near discrete sources of far-UV (FUV) emission, the PDR-generated H I and CO (1-0) emission on the cloud surface can be more easily identified, appearing as layered "blankets" or "blisters" on the side of the cloud nearest the FUV source. As an illustration, we consider the Galactic object G216-2.5, i.e., "Maddalena's Cloud," which has been previously identified as a large PDR in the Galaxy. We determine that this cloud has n ≈ 200 cm-3 and G0 ≈ 0.8, consistent with other data.
Reply to Josipovic: Duality and non-duality in meditation research

Abstract We agree with Josipovic that a fundamental differentiating feature of meditation techniques is whether they remain within the dualistic subject–object cognitive structure, or they transcend this structure to reveal an underlying level of non-dual awareness. Further discussion is needed to delineate the basic non-dual experience in meditation, where all phenomenal content is absent, from the more advanced experience of non-duality in daily life, where phenomenal content is obviously present as well. In this discussion, it is important to recognize that the experiencer–object relation makes the experience dual or non-dual, rather than the nature of the object experienced.
1H and 13C NMR determination of the relative stereochemistry of the diastereomers resulting from the reaction of sily enol ethers with the 1‐ethoxy‐1‐propargylium dicobalt hexacarbonyl cation

The application of 1H and 13C NMR correlations and phase-sensitive NOESY in the stereochemical assignment of four diastereoisomers of hexacarbonyl{μ-η4-[2,4-dimethyl-2-(1-ethoxy-2-propyn-1-yl)-8-oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octan-3-one]}dicobalt-(CoCo) is reported.
Re-assessing the surface cycling of molybdenum and rhenium

We re-evaluate the cycling of molybdenum (Mo) and rhenium (Re) in the near-surface environment. World river average Mo and Re concentrations, initially based on a handful of rivers, are calculated using 38 rivers representing five continents, and 11 of 19 large-scale drainage regions. Our new river concentration estimates are 8.0 nmol kg � 1 (Mo), and 16.5 pmol kg � 1 (Re, natural + anthropogenic). The linear relationship of dissolved Re and SO 2� 4 in global rivers (R 2 = 0.76) indicates labile continental Re is predominantly hosted within sulfide minerals and reduced sediments; it also provides a means of correcting for the anthropogenic contribution of Re to world rivers using independent estimates of anthropogenic sulfate. Approximately 30% of Re in global rivers is anthropogenic, yielding a pre-anthropogenic world river average of 11.2 pmol Re kg � 1 . The potential for anthropogenic contribution is also seen in the non-negligible Re concentrations in precipitation (0.03–5.9 pmol kg � 1 ), and the nmol kg � 1 level Re concentrations of mine waters. The linear Mo–SO 2� 4 relationship (R 2 = 0.69) indicates that the predominant source of Mo to rivers is the weathering of pyrite. An anthropogenic Mo correction was not done as anthropogenically-influenced samples do not display the unambiguous metal enrichment observed for Re. Metal concentrations in high temperature hydrothermal fluids from the Manus Basin indicate that calculated end-member fluids (i.e. Mg-free) yield negative Mo and Re concentrations, showing that Mo and Re can be removed more quickly than Mg during recharge. High temperature hydrothermal fluids are unimportant sinks relative to their river sources 0.4% (Mo), and 0.1% (pre-anthropogenic Re). We calculate new seawater response times of 4.4 � 10 5 yr (sMo) and 1.3 � 10 5 yr (sRe, pre
Doppler echocardiographic estimation of systolic pulmonary artery pressure in patients with aortic-pulmonary shunts.

The objective of this study was to determine if the pressure drop across various types of aortic-pulmonary shunts could be accurately estimated by Doppler echocardiography, and if systolic pulmonary pressure could be estimated by referencing the pressure drop across the aortic-pulmonary shunt to systolic systemic arterial pressure measured by cuff sphygmomanometry. This was done in 22 patients and Doppler results were compared with pulmonary artery pressure measured directly by strain gauge manometry. Adequate Doppler waveforms were obtained in 21 of 22 patients; 3 had a Waterston shunt, 10 had a Blalock-Taussig shunt, 1 had a left pulmonary artery-aortic anastomosis, 6 had a patent ductus arteriosus and 1 had an aortic-pulmonary window. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure estimated by Doppler echocardiography ranged from 12 to 90 mm Hg (mean 41.3 ± 21.4 [SD]), and measured by strain gauge manometry ranged from 20 to 90 mm Hg (mean 44.7 ± 20.7) (p = NS, r = 0.94, SEE = 7.4 mm Hg; slope = 0.90, y intercept = 7.4 mm Hg). Systolic pulmonary artery to aortic pressure ratios predicted by Doppler recording ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 (mean 0.4 ± 0.2 [SD]); when calculated from direct measurement it ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 (mean 0.4 ± 0.2) (p = NS, r = 0.92; SEE = 0.08, slope = 0.80, y intercept = 0.09). This study demonstrates that Doppler echocardiography provides an estimation of pressure drop across aortic-pulmonary shunts, and that the data can be used to estimate systolic pulmonary artery pressure by subtracting the estimated pressure drop from the systolic systemic arterial pressure.