cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Significant Properties as Contextual Metadata

Given the desire to maintain both long-term renderability and meaningfulness of data for reuse, increasing attention is being paid to contextual metadata, also known as significant properties. Both the data reuse and digital curation literatures identify significant properties but do not appear to build on one another, in part because of different methodological approaches. In this paper we discuss the significant properties research from both literatures and call for a more integrative approach. We conclude with a discussion of our project, Dissemination Information Packages for Information Reuse (DIPIR), which features the boundary spanning we advocate between these two research communities.
Electronic structure and transport in covalent amorphous semiconducting alloys

A brief review of the CFO model is given in which its principal features and what may be interpreted as its successes are listed. A few new results lending further support to features of the model are also reviewed. Upper and lower limits are given for the mobilities in the familiar regimes of propagation with occasional scattering and of phonon-assisted hopping between localized states, respectively. Mobilities in disordered materials frequently fall between these limits. Simple physical arguments are given which suggest that carrier motion in this intermediate regime takes place as Brownian motion. An estimate of the upper limit of the mobility for Brownian motion places it about equal to the lower limit for propagation. It is argued that the thermopower of carriers in this intermediate regime should be normal, whereas the Hall coefficient of holes should be negative. A summary of results of Johnson and the author for carrier kinetics in the CFO model is given. A calculation of the I–V characteristics at high field is briefly described.
Sun exposure in young adult cancer survivors on and off the beach: results from Project REACH.

Although cancer survivors are at risk for future skin cancers, many do not practice recommended sun protection. Studies have demonstrated poor adherence to specific behaviors (e.g., sunscreen, artificial tanning) during sunbathing, but less is known about survivors’ typical amount of sun exposure during activities other than sunbathing. We conducted a mailed survey of 153 adults (median age = 26.1) diagnosed with a non-skin cancer before age 30. Information on recent sunbathing and incidental sun exposures, protective behaviors, and perceived vulnerability was collected. Analyses focused on characterizing survivors with the lowest levels of recommended sun protection. Twenty-nine percent of participants exhibited low sun protection adherence during sunbathing and 31% during incidental exposure. Younger age was associated with low adherence, but this difference was significant only for sunbathing (OR=0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.9). Women were more likely than men to have low adherence during sunbathing (34.0% vs. 20.3%; OR = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.1–5.5). Survivors treated with radiation did not differ on exposures, adherence, or perceived vulnerability to the sun, despite feeling more susceptible to skin cancers (p = 0.03). Despite known skin cancer risks, many young cancer survivors receive significant sun exposure. Assessment of sunbathing alone fails to capture sun exposure behaviors, particularly in men. Survivors treated with radiation may recognize their increased risk of skin cancer, but not the role of sun protection in modifying that risk.
The communication chord — a vital link

Anyone who teaches or thinks is communicating. Therefore teachers must find out if they are getting their messages across to their students, and if their students are responding to those messages. Teachers should learn how to do a good job of thinking, of communicating, and of how to help their students to improve.
A generalized bottleneck assignment problem

A solution procedure is presented for a generalization of the standard bottleneck assignment problem in which a secondary criterion is automatically provided. A partitioning problem is modeled by this bottleneck problem to provide an example of its application.
Democracy, Colonial Legacy, and the Openness of Cabinet-Level Websites in Developing Countries

Abstract This article examines the effects of political, cultural, economic, and technical factors on openness of cabinet-level websites in developing countries. The question is whether these factors affect openness of electronic governments. This paper uses regression analysis of a comparative database of national-level public agency websites that is produced by the Cyberspace Policy Research Group (CyPRG). Regression analysis shows that the level of democracy, colonial legacy, and the level of economic development affect openness of cabinet-level websites in the developing countries. Implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion.
δ expansion for local gauge theories. I. A one-dimensional model

The principles of the \ensuremath{\delta} perturbation theory were first proposed in the context of self-interacting scalar quantum field theory. There it was shown how to expand a (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}^{2}$${)}^{1+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ theory as a series in powers of \ensuremath{\delta} and how to recover nonperturbative information about a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}^{4}$ field theory from the \ensuremath{\delta} expansion at \ensuremath{\delta}=1. The purpose of this series of papers is to extend the notions of \ensuremath{\delta} perturbation theory from boson theories to theories having a local gauge symmetry. In the case of quantum electrodynamics one introduces the parameter \ensuremath{\delta} by generalizing the minimal coupling terms to \ensuremath{\psi}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}(\ensuremath{\partial}-ieA${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$\ensuremath{\psi} and expanding in powers of \ensuremath{\delta}. This interaction preserves local gauge invariance for all \ensuremath{\delta}. While there are enormous benefits in using the \ensuremath{\delta} expansion (obtaining nonperturbative results), gauge theories present new technical difficulties not encountered in self-interacting boson theories because the expression (\ensuremath{\partial}-ieA${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ contains a derivative operator. In the first paper of this series a one-dimensional model whose interaction term has the form \ensuremath{\psi}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}[d/dt-ig\ensuremath{\varphi}(t)${]}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$\ensuremath{\psi} is considered. The virtue of this model is that it provides a laboratory in which to study fractional powers of derivative operators without the added complexity of \ensuremath{\gamma} matrices. In the next paper of this series we consider two-dimensional electrodynamics and show how to calculate the anomaly in the \ensuremath{\delta} expansion.
Gains from the Liberalization of Temporary Migration The Case of India

We examine the potential gains for India from increased temporary migration of skilled workers from India to major recipient-countries of Indian migrant workers, in light of potential productivity ...
PKA Phosphorylates Serine 307 of Murine Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C In Vitro

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C is a regulatory protein associated with sarcomere A-bands that modulates actomyosin interactions in a phosphorylation dependent manner. The MyBP-C motif, a highly conserved sequence in the N-terminus of cMyBP-C, contains three to five protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation sites, depending on species. In the human isoform, three PKA sites have been identified (S275, S284, and S304). Three homologous sites exist in the murine isoform (S273, S282, and S302) along with a potential fourth site, S307, which is not present in human cMyBP-C. In this study, we investigated the effects of PKA phosphorylation of murine cMyBP-C by treating a recombinant protein, C1C2 (which contains the C1, motif, and C2 domains), with PKA and assessing phosphorylation levels using IEF gels, ProQ Diamond staining, and mass spectrometry. The wild-type C1C2 has a pI of ∼8 and PKA treatment (C1C2P) shifted the pI to ∼5-6 as determined by 1-D IEF gels. A mutant C1C2 (3S/D), containing aspartic acid for serine substitutions at S273D, S282D, and S302D, was still phosphorylated upon treatment with PKA as indicated by increased ProQ Diamond staining. However, a mutant 4S/D C1C2 (containing the additional mutation S307D) showed a pI near that of C1C2P and was not further phosphorylated by PKA. Mass spectrometry and MASCOT analysis of C1C2P confirmed that S307 was phosphorylated by PKA. These results suggest that murine S307 can be phosphorylated in vitro. Further studies are needed to investigate the phosphorylation state of murine cMyBP-C in vivo. Supported by NIH HL080367 to SPH and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to JFS.
Reconsidering the policy options to combat obesity

As the prevalence of obesity steadily grows, so too does our understanding of the threats that excess weight poses to both our individual health and our nation as a whole. With this information, there is a need now more than ever to reconsider the options we have to mitigate the health risks and costs of this growing epidemic. This includes, among other conversations, examining how employers can play a role in encouraging healthier habits through workforce-based initiatives and a reconsideration of the risk-benefit paradigm that informs the decisions of payers, regulators, and providers on this crucial issue.
Validation of the Suicide Resilience Inventory–25 (SRI–25) in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Samples

Resilience has been associated with a markedly decreased chance for risky behaviors following a trauma or other negative life event. This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of a self-report measure of resilience, the Suicide Resilience Inventory–25 (SRI–25; Osman et al., 2004), among psychiatric inpatient adolescents. In Study 1, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis to provide additional empirical support for the structure and invariance of the 3-factor model of the SRI–25 in youth samples, ages 14 to 17 years (N = 152 boys, 220 girls). Scale reliability analyses provided good evidence for internal consistency reliability of scores on the SRI–25 total and scales. In Study 2 (N = 30 boys, 40 girls), we presented data in support for the concurrent validity (i.e., known groups) of scores on the SRI–25. Additionally, we identified potential correlates for the SRI–25 total scale scores.
Chemistry and biology of the ramoplanin family of peptide antibiotics.

The peptide antibiotic ramoplanin factor A2 is a promising clinical candidate for treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections that are resistant to antibiotics such as glycopeptides, macrolides, and penicillins. Since its discovery in 1984, no clinical or laboratory-generated resistance to this antibiotic has been reported. The mechanism of action of ramoplanin involves sequestration of peptidoglycan biosynthesis Lipid intermediates, thus physically occluding these substrates from proper utilization by the late-stage peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes MurG and the transglycosylases (TGases). Ramoplanin is structurally related to two cell wall active lipodepsipeptide antibiotics, janiemycin, and enduracidin, and is functionally related to members of the lantibiotic class of antimicrobial peptides (mersacidin, actagardine, nisin, and epidermin) and glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycin and teicoplanin). Peptidomimetic chemotherapeutics derived from the ramoplanin sequence may find future use as antibiotics against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and related pathogens. Here we review the chemistry and biology of the ramoplanins including its discovery, structure elucidation, biosynthesis, antimicrobial activity, mechanism of action, and total synthesis.
Gene Expression in Brain during Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination and Remyelination

When C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks of age, received 0.2% Cuprizone in their diet, extensive demyelination in corpus callosum was detectable after 3 weeks, and there was massive demyelination by 4 weeks. As expected, the accumulation of phagocytically active microglia/macrophages correlated closely with demyelination. When Cuprizone was removed from the diet, remyelination was soon initiated; after 6 weeks of recovery, myelin levels were near-normal and phagocytic cells were no longer prominent. Steady-state levels of mRNA for myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, and ceramide galactosyltransferase were already profoundly depressed after 1 week of Cuprizone exposure and were only 10-20% of control values after 2 weeks. Unexpectedly, upregulation of mRNA for these myelin genes did not correlate with initiation of remyelination but rather with accumulation of microglia/macrophages. After 6 weeks of exposure to Cuprizone, mRNA levels were at control levels or higher-in the face of massive demyelination. This suggests that in addition to effecting myelin removal, microglia/macrophages may simultaneously push surviving oligodendroglia or their progenitors toward myelination.
Measurements of Local Strain Variation in Si(1-x)Ge(x)/Si Heterostructures

The energy splitting of the conduction-band minimum of Si(1-x), Ge(x), due to strain has been directly measured by the application of ballistic-electron-emission microscope (BEEM) spectroscopy to Ag/Si(1-x), Ge(x) structures. Experimental values for this conduction-band splitting agree well with calculations. For Au/Si(1-x), Ge(x), however, heterogeneity in the strain of the Si(1-x), Ge(x) layer is introduced by deposition of the Au. This variation is attributed to species interdiffusion, which produces a rough Si(1-x)Ge(x) surface. Preliminary modeling indicates that the observed roughness is consistent with the strain variation measured by BEEM.
Hypermedia-based support for cooperative learning of process knowledge

The WWW makes learning materials widely accessible and provides an environment where people can learn across time and space. However, the simple read-only information structure on the Web provides little or very limited guidance to learners, especially when they want to learn how to do something through interaction with computers and other people. We suggest overcoming the problem by introducing a graphical hypermedia-based process representation and a cooperative process enactment support. The hypermedia-based process structure is accessible on the WWW. It contains a rich set of associated materials with which people can seamlessly interact while they are systematically carrying out the process they are learning under the guidance of computers or tutors. A hypermedia-based process support system and two use cases are presented. The use cases show that such a system can not only provide traditional learning support, but also offers novel cooperative hypermedia based support for the learning of process knowledge.
Conditional tests for homogeneity of zero-inflated Poisson and Poisson-hurdle distributions

We develop two conditional tests for homogeneity of zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and Poisson-hurdle distributions. A Monte Carlo method is proposed for approximating the reference distributions of these tests. The techniques are applied to two examples.
A possible magnetic transducer in birds.

Abstract A growing body of evidence indicates that a variety of animals can sense the earth's magnetic field. The possibility that the transducer of the magnetic sense is a microscopic ferromagnet of the sort observed in certain bacteria is examined theoretically. Neither energy and response time considerations nor existing experimental evidence make such a transducer implausible.
Fibronectin binding to gangliosides and rat liver plasma membranes.

Abstract Binding of fibronectins to gangliosides was tested directly using several different in vitro models. Using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), gangliosides were immobilized on polystyrene tubes and relative binding of fibronectin was estimated by alkaline phosphatase activity of conjugated second antibody. Above a critical ganglioside concentration, the gangliosides bound the fibronectin (G T1b ⋍ G D1b ⋍ G D1a > G M1 ⪢ G M2 ⋍ G D3 ⋍ G M3 ) in approximately the same order of efficiency as they competed for the cellular sites of fibronectin binding in cell attachment assays (Kleinman et al., Proc natl acad sci US 76 (1979) 3367) [14]. Alternatively, these same gangliosides bound to immobilized fibronectin. Rat erythrocytes coated with gangliosides G M1 , G D1a or G T1b bound more fibronectin than erythrocytres not supplemented with gangliosides. Using fibronectin in which lysine residues were radioiodinated, an apparent K d for binding to mixed rat liver gangliosides of 7.8 × 10 −9 M was determined. This value compared favorably with the apparent K d for attachment of fibronectin to isolated plasma membranes from rat liver of 3.7 × 10 −9 M for fibronectin modified on the tyrosine residue, or 6.4 × 10 −9 M for fibronectin modified on lysine residues. As shown previously by Grinnell & Minter (Biochim biophys acta 550 (1979) 92) [23], fibronectin modified on tyrosine residues did not promote spreading and attachment of CHO cells. It did, however, bind to cells. In contrast, lysinemodified fibronectin both bound to cells and promoted cell attachment. Plasma membranes isolated from hepatic tumors in which the higher gangliosides that bind fibronectin were depleted bound 43–75% less [ 125 I]fibronectin than did plasma membranes from control livers. The findings were consistent with binding of fibronectins to gangliosides, including the same gangliosides depleted from cell surfaces during tumorigenesis in the rat.
Computer Evaluation of the Multivariate Normal Integral

A method is described for the evaluation by computer of the multivariate normal integral, for arbitrary mean vector, covariance matrix, and region of integration. Evaluation is by means of a modification of a multidimensional adaptive Simpson's quadrature with error control, applied to the iterated integral. Examples are given for integrals of up to six dimensions.
Evaluation of regional hospitals' use of children in disaster drills.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the prevalence of pediatric casualties in disaster drills by community hospitals and determine if there is an association between the use of pediatric casualties in disaster drills and the proximity of a community hospital to a tertiary children's hospital. Design: Survey, descriptive study. Setting: Tertiary children's hospital and surrounding community hospitals. Participants: Hospital emergency management personnel for 30 general community hospitals in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio region. Interventions: None Main Outcome Measure(s): The utilization of pediatric casualties in community hospital disaster drills and its relationship to the distance of those hospitals from a tertiary children's hospital. RESULTS: Sixteen hospitals reported a total of 57 disaster drills representing 1,309 casualties. The overwhelming majority (82 percent [1,077/1,309]) of simulated patients from all locations were 16 years of age or older. Those hospitals closest to the children's hospital reported the lowest percentage of pediatric patients (10 percent [35/357]) used in their drills. The hospitals furthest from the children's hospital reported the highest percentage of pediatric patients (32 percent [71/219]) used during disaster drills. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of community hospitals do not incorporate children into their disaster drills, and the closer a community hospital is to a tertiary children's hospital, the less likely it is to include children in its drills. Focused effort and additional resources should be directed toward preparing community hospitals to care for children in the event of a disaster. Language: en
Activation of human macrophages by bacterial components relieves the restriction on replication of an interferon-inducing parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) P/V mutant.

Abstract Macrophages regulate immune responses during many viral infections, and can be a major determinant of pathogenesis, virus replication and immune response to infection. Here, we have addressed the question of the outcome of infection of primary human macrophages with parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and a PIV5 mutant (P/V-CPI-) that is unable to counteract interferon (IFN) responses. In cultures of naive monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), WT PIV5 established a highly productive infection, whereas the P/V-CPI- mutant was restricted for replication in MDMs by IFN-beta. Restricted replication in vitro was relieved in MDM that had been activated by prior exposure to heat killed Gram positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes , Streptococcus pyogenes , and Bacillus anthracis . Enhanced replication of the P/V mutant in MDM previously activated by bacterial components correlated with a reduced ability to produce IFN-beta in response to virus infection, whereas IFN signaling was intact. Activated MDM were found to upregulate the synthesis of IRAK-M, which has been previously shown to negatively regulate factors involved in TLR signaling and IFN-beta production. We discuss these results in terms of the implications for mixed bacteria–virus infections and for the use of live RNA virus vectors that have been engineered to be attenuated for IFN sensitivity.
Educational Resilience Among Youth at Risk

Educational experts and others recognize the importance of early school experiences on later educational outcomes. Following a sample of youth based on 692 files from low-income, single parent families over time, from one urban school district in the Southeastern United States, 1989-1990 to 1996-1997, we apply event history analytic techniques to examine the relationship between first grade retention and completing high school. The findings indicate that being retained in the first grade increases the risk of dropping out of high school years later. The results also show a link between retention, extracurricular activity participation, and high school completion. The risk of dropping out is lower for those youth who were retained and were involved in activities during high school. The implication is that educational trajectories can be redirected such that positive educational outcomes can occur.
Supporting Teachers' Development of Cultural Competence Through Teacher Research

ABSTRACT This article describes how teachers in an advanced master's degree program developed their understanding of multicultural education through the process of teacher research. Using qualitative research methods, the researchers analyzed in-class discussions and conversations, online and written reflections, and the teachers' culturally focused action research studies. When teachers were engaged in research in their classrooms while concurrently studying selected readings about culture and diversity, three main themes emerged as significant findings in data analysis: (a) teachers used their educational contexts and classroom experience to expand their conceptualization of culture; (b) teacher research facilitated professional understanding about multiculturalism; and (c) resistance was present in various forms when learning about culture and diversity. Results suggest that teacher research has the potential to support the growth of multicultural understanding and the resultant pedagogical application...
Successful reduction of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury via of a combination of intrathecal hydromorphone and ziconotide: a case report.

Successful reduction of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury via of a combination of intrathecal hydromorphone and ziconotide: a case report
Thin-Film Cracking and Wire Ball Shear in Plastic Dips Due to Temperature Cycle and Thermal Shock

A test chip was used to compare thin film cracking of various circuit layouts at various positions on the chip, and to study wire ball shear. Slotted aluminum busses reduced thin film cracking in die corners. Thin film cracking and wire ball shear failure rates have remarkably different dependence on shock versus cycle and on lead frame material.
Photoemission study of the electronic structure (Pr0.2La0.8)(Ba1.875La0.125)Cu3O7−gd

Abstract Photoemission results from the Pr and La doped 1 2 3 system (Pr0.2La0.8) (Ba1.875La0.125)Cu3O7-gd are reported. The core level spectra show strong resemblance to those of other compounds of the 1 2 3 and 2 1 4 systems. The Cu 2p satellite intensity is found to be ∼ 35% of the main Cu 2p line, and the O 1s core level spectra, exhibiting a clear doublet, show evidence of extrinsic oxygen. The clear correlation between the intensities of certain features in the valence band and the amount of extrinsic oxygen, as monitored by the O 1s core level spectra, is explicitly addressed.
Postmortem study of deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamus: case report.

OBJECTIVE As new clinical applications for deep brain stimulation (DBS) emerge and the number of patients with DBS systems continues to grow, lead technology will also advance. To direct improvement of these leads, improved understanding of the effects of the DBS electrodes and stimulation parameters on the surrounding brain parenchyma is necessary. We present a postmortem evaluation of a patient who had previously undergone bilateral DBS of the anterior thalamic nucleus. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 21-year-old, right-handed man with a 2-year history of epilepsy secondary to encephalitis underwent bilateral DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. He died 8 months after surgery, and his death was classified as a sudden, unexpected, unexplained death as a result of epilepsy. INTERVENTION Microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis using glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD11b, CD45, and CD 68 were performed. The thalami of this patient were then compared with brain tissue obtained from a 45-year-old patient who died as a result of a myocardial infarction and had no history of neurological disease and no surgical intervention. There were no differences in the microscopic and histochemical evaluation of the thalami between patients, other than immediately around the electrode tract. Minimal tissue damage, mild astrocytosis, and mild inflammation surrounding the electrode termination site were observed. CONCLUSION We report the first postmortem examination after bilateral DBS of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for epilepsy. A comparison with control tissue showed no significant difference other than mild inflammation along the lead track.
De novo synthesis of DNA in human platelets

Platelets, incubated with radiolabeled thymidine and purified free of contaminating nucleated cells, were analyzed for their ability to synthesize DNA. The only DNA species isolated from these purified platelets was mitochondrial DNA. The CsCl gradient-purified platelet DNA was treated with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, HindIII and HpaI yielding the expected pattern for human mitochondrial DNA. Nitrocellulose blots of the electrophoresed, restriction endonuclease-treated DNA were fluorographed. All of the DNA fragments generated by the restriction enzymes were labeled, indicating de novo synthesis. This was further substantiated by inhibition of DNA synthesis by ethidium bromide and 2',3'-dideoxythymidine. Platelet DNA appeared to become greatly fragmented after 4 to 7 days storage while all of the thymidine incorporated was observed in intact mitochondrial DNA. These results indicate a continuous degradation of platelet mitochondrial DNA with no apparent repair mechanism. The ability of platelets to synthesize DNA may be associated with the protein synthetic capacity of platelets previously described.
An apparatus for the assessment of prepulse inhibition in the frog

A system for studying prepulse inhibition in the leopard frog is described herein. It entails a modification of an apparatus developed almost a century ago, by Yerkes, for his investigations of hearing in the frog. With the present system, a frog is restrained in a cylindrical vessel (constructed from a 35-mm film canister), and the canister is positioned in the apparatus so that the animal’s legs hang downward. A miniature solenoid is used to deliver a startle eliciting tap to the frog’s head, and the resulting leg movement is detected by an optical densitometer. In addition to providing a convenient way to restrain frogs, our system enabled us to, in part, replicate Yerkes’s basic procedures with these subjects. As did Yerkes, we found that an acoustic signal just prior to a tap on a frog’s head inhibits the leg movement that would otherwise be elicited.
US work on technical and economic aspects of electrolytic, thermochemical, and hybrid processes for hydrogen production at temperatures below 550°C

Hydrogen demand is increasing, but there are few options for affordable hydrogen production free of greenhouse gas emissions. Nuclear power is one of the most promising options. Most research is focused on high-temperature electrolytic and thermochemical processes for nuclear-generated hydrogen, but it will be many years before very high temperature reactors become commercially available. For light water reactors or supercritical reactors, low-temperature water electrolysis is a currently available technology for hydrogen production. Higher efficiencies may be gained through thermo-electrochemical hydrogen production cycles, but there are only a limited number that have heat requirements consistent with the lower temperatures of light-water reactor technology. Indeed, active research is ongoing for only three such cycles in the USA. Reductions in electricity and system costs would be needed (or the imposition of a carbon tax) for low-temperature water electrolysis to compete with today's costs for steam methane reformation. The interactions between hydrogen and electricity markets and hydrogen and electricity producers are complex and will evolve as the markets evolve.
Green's functions for interstitial impurities.

A multiple-scattering formalism is presented which allows the calculation of Green's functions associated with interstitial impurities in either pure materials or concentrated substitutionally disordered alloys. The method is exact and computationally practical. A comparison of the method with alternate techniques for treating interstitial impurities is also presented.
Sustainable urban energy: Development of a mesoscale assessment model for solar reflective roof technologies

Abstract Buildings and other engineered structures that form cities are responsible for a significant portion of the global and local impacts of climate change. Consequently, the incorporation of building design strategies and materials such as the use of reflective roof materials, or ‘cool’ roofs, are being widely investigated. However, although their benefits for individual buildings have been studied, as yet there is little understanding of the potential benefits of urban scale implementation of such systems. Here we report the development of a new methodology for assessing the potential capacity and benefits of installing reflective roofs in an urbanized area. The new methodology combines remote sensing image data with a building energy computer simulation to quantify the current rooftop reflectivity and predict the potential benefits of albedo improvement. In addition to the direct electricity savings, cool roof systems reduce peak electrical demand in the month of August when the peak demand is at its highest in the case study area. Environmental benefits associated with lowering greenhouse-gas emissions are also substantial. The new methodology allows the calculation of payback periods to assist planners to evaluate the potential economic benefits of the widespread installation of cool roof systems.
Thin-layer chromatographic identification of phenothiazine derivative drugs

Data are presented on the thin-layer chromatographic identification of 20 phenothiazine bases official in the U.S.P. XX. On the basis of four chemically different solvent systems and the color developed with a spray reagent, all phenothiazines could be distinguished from each other. For greater precision, relative RF values (ratios of the RF of each phenothiazine to the RF of chlorpromazine) have been used. The relative efficiencies of various brands of commercially prepared thin-layer plates were evaluated for these solvent systems.
ELDRS Characterization for a Very High Dose Mission

Evaluation of bipolar linear parts which may have Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS) is problematic for missions that have very high dose radiation requirements. The accepted standards for evaluating parts that display ELDRS require testing at a very low dose rate which could be prohibitively long for very high dose missions. In this work, a methodology for ELDRS characterization of bipolar parts for mission doses up to 1 Mrad(Si) is evaluated. The procedure employs an initial dose rate of 0.01 rad(Si)/s to a total dose of 50 krad(Si) and then changes to 0.04 rad(Si)/s to a total dose of 1 Mrad(Si). This procedure appears to work well. No change in rate of degradation with dose has been observed when the dose rate is changed from 0.01 to 0.04 rad(Si)/s. This is taken as an indication that the degradation due to the higher dose rate is equivalent to that at the lower dose rate at the higher dose levels, at least for the parts studied to date. In several cases, significant parameter degradation or functional failure not observed at HDR was observed at LDR at fairly high total doses (50 to 250 krad(Si)). This behavior calls into question the use of dose rate trend data and enhancement factors to predict LDR performance.
Hypertrophy Decreases Cardiac KATPChannel Responsiveness to Exogenous and Locally Generated (Glycolytic) ATP

This study tests the hypothesis that glycolytic regulation of KATP channel activity is altered in myocardial hypertrophy. Left ventricular (LV) subendocardial myocytes were isolated from cats with normal or left ventricular hypertrophied hearts (LVH). Saponin-permeabilized open cell-attached patch configurations of normal and LVH cells were exposed to an exogenous ATP consuming system containing hexokinase and 2-deoxyglucose. Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP, substrate for the last ATP producing step in glycolysis) was applied extracellularly; ADP was present. In both cell types, KATP channels were activated in the absence of PEP, inhibited when PEP was added and activated again when PEP was removed, indicating the cells retained metabolic integrity and generated ATP in the proximity of their KATP channels. Single channel conductance in the absence of PEP was similar (70 pS, normal; 66 pS, LVH). However, LVH KATP channels showed enhanced activity (P0=0.50+/-0.03); normal (0.41+/-0.03) in PEP absence (P<0. 05). PEP responsiveness was reduced in LVH, with IC50, PEP increased to 23 microM; (11 microM normal). Lactate failed to activate KATP channels in both cell types. The concentration-P0 response curves obtained during exposure of open cells to exogenous ATP also revealed reduced responsiveness to ATP of LVH KATP channels (IC50, ATP=283 microM LVH; 93 microM normal). Our data indicate myocardial hypertrophy increases the maximal activity of KATP channels in the absence of ATP and reduces their responsiveness to ATP, including locally generated glycolytic ATP. These alterations in metabolic regulation of myocardial electrophysiology may contribute to diversity of action potential shortening in hypertrophied hearts during acute ischemia.
Challenges Faced by Reference Librarians in Familiarizing Adult Students with the Computerized Library of Today: The Cuesta College Experience

Summary Adult students face several challenges in their encounters with the new computerized library of today. Having been out of school for several years many adult students are unfamiliar with the computerized revolution that has taken place within the library. Reference librarians on the other hand, face several challenges in helping adult students become familiarized with the new technologies. This article discusses some of the challenges both adult students and reference librarians face at Cuesta College, a mid-size community college in San Luis Obispo, California. Successful techniques for addressing some of these challenges are also exemplified.
Practical resolution limits of imaging microanalysis with a scanning ion microprobe

Abstract Instrumental, physical and sample-dependent factors which impose limitations upon secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging microanalysis are discussed. Those factors most relevant to scanning ion microprobe performance are emphasized.
Retrospective Recall of Sexual Orientation Identity Development Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adults

Although recent attention has focused on the likelihood that contemporary sexual minority youth (i.e., gay, lesbian, bisexual [GLB]) are “coming out” at younger ages, few studies have examined if early sexual orientation identity development is also present in older GLB cohorts. We analyze retrospective data on the timing of sexual orientation milestones in a sample of sexual minorities drawn from the California Quality of Life Surveys. Latent profile analysis of 1,260 GLB adults, ages 18-84 years identified three trajectories of development: Early (n = 951, milestones spanning ages 12 to 20), Middle (n = 239, milestones spanning ages 18 to 31), and Late (n = 70, milestones spanning ages 32 to 43). Motivated by previous research on variability in adolescent developmental trajectories, post-hoc analyses of the Early Profile group identified two sub-groups: Child-Onset (n = 284, milestones spanning ages 8 to 18), and Teen-Onset (n = 667, milestones spanning ages 14 to 22). Nearly all patterns of development were identity-centered, with average age of self-identification as GLB preceding average age of first same-sex sexual activity. Overall, younger participants and the majority of older participants were classified to the Early Profile, suggesting that early development is common regardless of age cohort. The additional gender differences observed in the onset and pace of sexual orientation identity development warrant future research.
Effectiveness of corrugated surfaces in limiting the rate of evaporation of cryogenic liquids

Abstract The effectiveness of corrugated surfaces overlying thermally conductive substrates in limiting the rate of evaporation of cryogenic liquids is analysed. A mathematical model that incorporates the different processes of heat transfer through the contact and air space regions between the corrugation and the substrate, and also the time dependent heat conduction within the substrate, has been developed. The overall thermal resistance between the distant regions of the substrate and the corrugation has been interpreted as due to the series combination of an average uniform surface thermal resistance, a thermal resistance corresponding to the propagation of a one-dimensional temperature front within the substrate and a constriction thermal resistance caused by the non-uniformity of the heat transfer coefficient at the corrugation substrate interface. An analysis of available experimental data shows that the constriction resistance significantly enhances the thermal insulation provided by a corrugated surface.
A New Method for Measuring Deformation of Folding Surfaces During Morphogenesis

During morphogenesis, epithelia (cell sheets) undergo complex deformations as they stretch, bend, and twist to form the embryo. Often these changes in shape create multivalued surfaces that can be problematic for strain measurements. This paper presents a method for quantifying deformation of such surfaces. The method requires four-dimensional spatiotemporal coordinates of a finite number of surface markers, acquired using standard imaging techniques. From the coordinates of the markers, various deformation measures are computed as functions of time and space using straightforward matrix algebra. This method accommodates sparse randomly scattered marker arrays, with reasonable errors in marker locations. The accuracy of the method is examined for some sample problems with exact solutions. Then, the utility of the method is illustrated by using it to measure surface stretch ratios and shear in the looping heart and developing brain of the early chick embryo. In these examples, microspheres are tracked using optical coherence tomography. This technique provides a new tool that can be used in studies of the mechanics of morphogenesis.
Note on the Function F(a, b; c - n; z).

The generating function [equation] may be used to find an estimate of F(a, b; b - n; z) for large positive values of n. When the point t = 1 - 1/z lies outside the circle t = 1 the singularity t = 1 may be used to find an estimate by the method of Darboux [1] and the result is F(a, b; b - n; z) ~ 1.
Measuring Strain Differences in the Conformation of Turkeys

Abstract WITH the multiplicity of strains of turkeys now available, it has become desirable to find out (1) what measurements show the established strain differences best, (2) to what extent the apparent differences are due merely to differences in size and to what extent they are independent of such size differences, and (3) what the mode of inheritance of these differences is. This paper deals with the first two problems. The measurements to be used should preferably be (1) simply and easily made and should (2) differentiate between desirable and undesirable conformation as judged by preferences of buyers and consumers. The measurements that have been used fall into two groups—linear measurements of bones (for example, length of the tarsometatarsus or shank) and body dimensional measurements (for instance, depth of body). Obviously the latter may be determined by the size and conformation of many organs. Most of the measurements reported have . . .
Hyperpigmentation in only one identical twin.

A 10 year-old previously healthy female presented to the hospital in the winter season with vomiting and lethargy. Laboratory studies showed hypoglycemia (42 mg/dl), hyponatremia (126 mmol/l), hyperkalemia (5.7 mmol/l), and acidosis (bicarbonate 12 mmol/l). She was also hypotensive with a Doppler blood pressure of 68/22. She subsequently recovered with intravenous fluid hydration and glucose. She tested positive for influenza A, and she was discharged home with a suspected viral illness. She returned to the hospital exactly one month later with similar symptoms, and on examination it was noted that her skin was now tan when compared to her identical twin sister (Picture). She also had a hyperpigmented scar on her right knee and hyperpigmentation of her umbilicus (Picture). Her baseline cortisol level was 1.3 µg/dl and rose to 1.8 µg/dl after a high dose ACTH (250 µg) stimulation test. Additional testing revealed primary autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Her symptoms improved after starting hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. Nearly four years later, her identical twin remains disease free.
The Retailer's Perspective on the Link Between Logistical Resources and Perceived Customer Loyalty to Manufacturer Brands

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between logistics and brand-related resources, and assess their impact on the retailer's perceptions of customer loyalty to manufacturer brands. On the basis of theoretical underpinnings of the resource-based view, this study explores the relationships among four main variables: (1) variety of collaborative logistics technologies shared between retailers and manufacturers, (2) manufacturer's logistics operations quality provided to retailers, (3) retailer's brand differentiation orientation, and (4) retailer's perceptions of customers loyalty to manufacturer brands. An online survey was conducted on 313 senior marketing and supply chain managers from retailer firms. The results of the structural equation analysis support a mediated relationship between logistical resources and perceived loyalty to manufacturer brands. The retailers believe that shared logistics technologies enable manufacturers and retailers to offer higher levels of availability and visibility of preferred brands to their end-user customers. In turn, the end-users become more confident with their decisions to repurchase the same brand offerings.
Quasi-static and dynamic crack growth along bimaterial interfaces: A note on crack-tip field measurements using coherent gradient sensing

The paper presents a preliminary experimental investigation of crack-tip deformation fields near quasistatically and dynamically growing cracks in bimaterial interfaces. A three-point-bend bimaterial specimen with a relatively large stiffness mismatch between the two materials is studied. A recently developed optical method of coherent gradient sensing (CGS) is used to map crack-tip deformation fields.
Preventive Care Guidelines: 1991

Clinicians increasingly are urged to integrate preventive services into their clinical practices. To facilitate this process, several groups have developed practice guidelines for preventing diseas...
Candlestick stock analysis with genetic algorithms

Candlestick analysis, a form of stock market technical analysis, is well suited for use with a genetic search algorithm. This paper explores an implementation of marrying these two techniques by creating agents that attempt to identify stocks that will change in price. The best of run individuals, produced by the genetic algorithm, performed statistically better than an agent that makes random investment decisions.
Bacterial diversity in dried colostrum and whey sold as nutraceutical products.

: The microbial communities were analyzed from commercially available dried dairy nutraceutical products, including 4 brands of dried colostrum, 2 brands of dried whey, and 1 brand of nonfat dry milk. A culture-dependent 16S rRNA sequencing approach was utilized to elucidate the identity of individual isolates recovered from each dried dairy product. Approximately 69% of all bacterial isolates were members the genus of Bacillus, while approximately 14% of all bacterial isolates were identified as members of the genus Pseudomonas. Members of the Kocuria, Microbacterium, and Enterococcus genera were identified as well. Practical Application: This project investigated the microbial populations inherent in dried commercially available nutraceutical products. Bovine colostrum has been reported to have protective activity against certain viral and bacterial pathogens. This project was designed to identify the bacterial populations within dried dairy nutraceutical products to determine if any species were common to all products and which may impact the reported nutraceutical properties.
A superprotein triangle driven by nickel(II) coordination: exploiting non-natural metal ligands in protein self-assembly.

We previously devised a strategy (metal-directed protein self-assembly, MDPSA) that utilizes the simultaneous stability, lability, and directionality of metal−ligand bonds to drive protein−protein interactions. Here we show that both the structural and functional scopes of MDPSA can be broadened by incorporation of non-natural metal-chelating ligands onto protein surfaces. A cytochrome cb562 variant, MBP-Phen1, which features a covalently attached phenanthroline (Phen) group on its surface, self-assembles into an unusual triangular architecture (Ni3:MBP-Phen13) upon binding Ni as a result of specific Phen−protein interactions. The crystal structure of Ni3:MBP-Phen13 reveals that the Phen group is buried in a small pocket on the protein surface, which results in an unsaturated Ni coordination environment.
Unproved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to food allergy and intolerance.

Purpose of reviewAlternative and complementary medicine approaches to allergic disorders are commonly used by patients. Not all have been subjected to experimental analysis to support or refute their validity in the armamentarium of a practitioner. This review covers some of the most common unproved