cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autoregulation of Cell-specific MAP Kinase Control of the Tryptophan Hydroxylase Promoter

The neurotransmitter serotonin controls a wide range of biological systems, including its own synthesis and release. As the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is a potential target for this autoregulation. Using the serotonergic neuron-like CA77 cell line, we have demonstrated that treatment with a 5-hydroxytryptamine autoreceptor agonist, CGS 12066A, can lower TPH mRNA levels and promoter activity. We reasoned that this repression might involve inhibition of MAP kinases, since 5-HT1 receptors can increase mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase levels. To test this hypothesis, we first showed that the TPH promoter can be activated 20-fold by mitogen-activated extracellular-signal regulated kinase kinase kinase (MEKK), an activator of MAP kinases. This activation was then blocked by CGS 12066A. The maximal MAP kinase and CGS repression regulatory region was mapped to between −149 and −45 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The activation by MEKK appears to be cell-specific, because MEKK did not activate the TPH promoter in nonneuronal cell lines. At least part, but not all, of the MAP kinase responsiveness was mapped to an inverted CCAAT box that binds the transcription factor NF-Y. These data suggest a model for the autoregulation of serotonin biosynthesis by repression of MAP kinase stimulation of the TPH promoter.
Sex and Dominance

In an explicit and simultaneous test of alternative sociobiological and sociocultural explanations for the emergence of differential sexual dominance in initially unstructured small groups, the sociobiological explanation is falsified. This paper thus suggests a strategy for rationally evaluating these emotionally charged issues, and discusses problems future studies should confront directly, [sex roles, sociology, methodology, biology and culture]
Microsoft Mulan - a bilingual TTS system

This paper describes a bilingual text-to-speech (TTS) system, Microsoft Mulan, which switches between Mandarin and English smoothly and which maintains the sentence level intonation even for mixed-lingual texts. Mulan is constructed on the basis of the Soft Prediction Only prosodic strategy and the Prosodic-Constraint Orient unit-selection strategy. The unit-selection module of Mulan is shared across languages. It is insensitive to language identity, even though the syllable is used as the smallest unit in Mandarin, and the phoneme in English. Mulan has a unique module, the language-dispatching module, which dispatches texts to the language-specific front-ends and merges the outputs of the two front-ends together. The mixed texts are "uttered" out with the same voice. According to our informal listening test, the speech synthesized with Mulan sounds quite natural. Sample waves can be heard at: http://research.microsoft.com/-echang/proiects/tts/mulan.htm.
Multilayer parylene-C stencils for dynamically controlling cell interactions

Most cell processes involve dynamic interactions between the cells and their microenvironment and the ability to control the microenvironment is of crucial importance for studying these processes in-vitro. In this study, we describe a technology for creating multilayer and mechanically robust parylene-C stencils and demonstrate the ability to generate a series of at least 5 temporally controlled cell co-culture micropatterns using embryonic stem cells as the primary cell type. Utilizing layer by layer coatings of collagen and fibronectin, both untreated and anti-stiction layer treated parylene-C surfaces are rendered adhesive for cells. Co-culturing using parylene-C stencils may find broad applications in studies investigating cellular interactions and in studies requiring a controlled microenvironment, such as stem cell differentiation.
Economic analysis of grid level energy storage for the application of load leveling

The benefits provided by energy storage appear to be nearly limitless and this is especially true in regards to power systems. Gas turbine generators are needed to meet peak load demand but operating them is quite expensive. Energy storage can be used to flatten the electrical load by charging the storage when the system load is low and discharging the storage when the system load is high. If the system load is flat enough, the fast response time of gas turbine generators won't be needed. This study investigates the economic feasibility of NaS battery storage and pumped hydro energy storage used for the application of load leveling.
Matter and anti-matter

The implications of anti-matter (consisting of positrons and antiprotons) existing on a cosmic scale are discussed. It is shown from a consideration of the kinetic and magnetic energy of the interstellar gas clouds and from the energy of cosmic radiation that the ratio of anti-matter to ordinary matter in our Galaxy cannot exceed ~ 10-7. The importance to radio astronomy of such a limit being attained is investigated. It appears that the intensities of radio emission from galactic and extra-galactic sources may be quantitatively explained on this hypothesis. The relation of these ideas to cosmology is also briefly discussed.
Enduring as lived experience: exploring the essence of spiritual resilience for women in late life.

The purpose of this study was to explore spirituality and its relationship to resilience for women in late life. Over thirty interviews with six women aged 80 and older provide a dataset allowing for the phenomenological investigation of spiritual resilience. Themes emerged illustrating the components of spiritual resilience. The components of spiritual resilience are having divine support, maintaining purpose, and expressing gratitude. These factors are essential to the women’s resilience and act as mechanisms that promote high levels of subjective well-being and an overall good quality of life. Essentially, participants articulate how their experiences of enduring hardships are informed by spiritual resilience.
Transdermal Sustained-Delivery Oxygen Improves Epithelial Healing in a Rabbit Ear Wound Model

Hypothesis Transdermal sustained-delivery oxygen therapy improves wound healing. Design Experimental study using a well-established rabbit ear model for acute wound healing. Setting Wound-healing research laboratory in a university center. Methods Four full-thickness 7-mm punch wounds were created on each ear of young, female New Zealand white rabbits. Treated ears received transdermal sustained delivery of oxygen via silicone tubing tunneled subcutaneously to a pocket under a semiocclusive dressing. Oxygen production (100% oxygen at 3 mL/h continuously) relied on a small, self-contained device connected to the silicone tubing and secured to the rabbit’s back for the duration of the experiment using a body harness. Ears were harvested at each of 2 time points: day 5 and day 8. Results Histologic analysis of the wounds showed significantly greater healing at both day 5 and day 8 in response to oxygen therapy. Most significantly, epithelial wound coverage was almost doubled in treated ear wounds when compared with controls. Conclusion Our results suggest that epithelial wound healing is improved by transdermal sustained-delivery treatment with 100% oxygen.
Population size predicts technological complexity in Oceania

Much human adaptation depends on the gradual accumulation of culturally transmitted knowledge and technology. Recent models of this process predict that large, well-connected populations will have more diverse and complex tool kits than small, isolated populations. While several examples of the loss of technology in small populations are consistent with this prediction, it found no support in two systematic quantitative tests. Both studies were based on data from continental populations in which contact rates were not available, and therefore these studies do not provide a test of the models. Here, we show that in Oceania, around the time of early European contact, islands with small populations had less complicated marine foraging technology. This finding suggests that explanations of existing cultural variation based on optimality models alone are incomplete because demography plays an important role in generating cumulative cultural adaptation. It also indicates that hominin populations with similar cognitive abilities may leave very different archaeological records, a conclusion that has important implications for our understanding of the origin of anatomically modern humans and their evolved psychology.
The Cultural Identities of Foreign Language Teachers

Author(s): Fichtner, Friederike; Chapman, Katie | Abstract: Foreign language teachers are often migrants. They have traveled and lived in other countries either to learn or to teach a language. In 2005, Domna Stanton characterized language teaching as a cosmopolitan act-- “a complex encounter made in a sympathetic effort to see the world as [others] see it and, as a consequence, to denaturalize our own views” (629). Do foreign language teachers ‘denaturalize’ their views of their native culture through their encounters with the other culture? Could it be that “engagement with the Other necessarily mean[s] an abnegation of the inherited culture” (Mani, 2007, p.29)?This study investigated not only in how far foreign language teachers affiliate with more than one culture but also how this cultural identity affects their classroom practice. To what extent do foreign language instructors claim multiple cultural identities? What advantages and disadvantages do foreign language instructors experience in the classroom in respect to their cultural identities? To what extent do foreign language instructors feel their cultural identity is relevant in the classroom? Results showed that foreign language instructors engage with their cultural affiliations intellectually, by embracing but not embodying “the other” culture.
Intestinal Coccidia of White-tailed Deer in Southern Florida

From 1984 to 1986 110 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Big Cypress National Preserve in southern Florida were examined for intestinal coccidial infections. Three species of Eimeria (E. mccordocki, E. madisonensis, and E. odocoilei) were found in low prevalences. There were no differences in prevalence due to age, sex, season of collection or specific locality within the Preserve.
A Chronology of Annual-Mean Effective Radii of Stratospheric Aerosols from Volcanic Eruptions During the Twentieth Century as Derived From Ground-based Spectral Extinction Measurements

Stratospheric extinction can be derived from ground-based spectral photometric observations of the Sun and other stars (as well as from satellite and aircraft measurements, available since 1979), and is found to increase after large volcanic eruptions. This increased extinction shows a characteristic wavelength dependence that gives information about the chemical composition and the effective (or area weighted mean) radius of the particles responsible for it. Known to be tiny aerosols constituted of sulfuric acid in a water solution, the stratospheric particles at midlatitudes exhibit a remarkable uniformity of their column-averaged effective radii r(sub eff) in the first few months after the eruption. Considering the seven largest eruptions of the twentieth century, r(sub eff) at this phase of peak aerosol abundance is approx. 0.3 micrometers in all cases. A year later, r(sub eff) either has remained about the same size (almost certainly in the case of the Katmai eruption of 1912) or has increased to approx. 0.5 micrometers (definitely so for the Pinatubo eruption of 1991). The reasons for this divergence in aerosol growth are unknown.
Depressive symptoms and relational uncertainty as predictors of reassurance-seeking and negative feedback-seeking in conversation

Integrative interpersonal theory implies that relational uncertainty may play a role in the reassurance-seeking and negative feedback-seeking behavior of people with depressive symptoms. We sought to extend the theory by (a) documenting how individuals with depressive symptoms communicate under conditions of relational uncertainty, (b) evaluating actor and partner effects, and (c) utilizing observational measures of reassurance-seeking and negative feedback-seeking. Sixty-nine romantic couples engaged in 50 minutes of conversation rated by independent judges. Multilevel modeling results indicated that the depressive symptoms of actors and partners were the primary predictor of an actor's reassurance-seeking, but an actor's relational uncertainty was the primary predictor of an actor's negative feedback-seeking. The findings illuminate the interplay among depressive symptoms, relational uncertainty, and communication.
Validation of A New Femoral Venous Method of Endomyocardial Biopsy. Comparison with Internal Jugular Approach

Endomyocardial biopsy is a reliable and reproducible technique to confirm or establish a clinical diagnosis in many cases of idiopathic heart muscle disease. Our overall experience of 243 consecutive nontransplant related biopsy procedures (combined experience of previously reported and current series) comparing a new femoral venous (n = 94) with a standard internal jugular venous (n = 149) approach is reviewed. In the current series, the femoral (n = 59) and the internal jugular (n = 80) approaches, performed on 139 consecutive nontransplant-related procedures (466 myocardial samples), were compared. Vascular access was achieved in all femoral procedures; the internal jugular vein could not be located in 4% (three) of neck approaches (P = NS). Myocardial sampling was sufficient in all internal jugular procedures; sampling was adequate in all femoral procedures except two (3%, P = NS). Two cases of hematoma were observed after an internal jugular approach. Pericardial effusion was observed in one patient after femoral and in one patient after internal jugular approaches (P = NS), and in the latter case, tamponade developed requiring intervention. Transient atrioventricular block (complete in 2 and 2:1 in 1) developed in three patients (femoral procedures), but all of these patients had shown predisposing complete left bundle branch block on their electrocardiogram. No difference in vascular access, sampling efficiency and complication rate between our previous and current series regarding the internal jugular and femoral approaches was observed. Our overall experience with the femoral and internal jugular approaches was similar for complication rate (1% in both). Vascular access was better overall with the femoral approach (100% vs 93%, P <0. 01), reflecting more difficulty with internal jugular access in the first series. Thus, the femoral venous approach described is comparable in efficacy and safety to the standard internal jugular approach and may be especially useful as an alternative to right ventricular biopsy when the internal jugular vein cannot be successfully cannulated or when a cardiac catheterization from the femoral area is being performed at the same time for other reasons.
Two-photon absorption and blue-light-induced red absorption in LiTaO3 waveguides

Two-photon absorption and blue-light-induced red absorption (BLIRA) is demonstrated in lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) waveguides with ultrashort laser pulses. The blue transmission is modeled for hyperbolic-secant-squared pulses of blue light and is shown to be heavily attenuated by two-photon absorption. The blue light also generates traps for red light, which are absorbed through single-photon interactions. Over 50% red absorption is observed. The blue pulse energy dependence of BLIRA is shown to follow recent theoretical models that rely on two different physical mechanisms depending on the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The time dependence of BLIRA is explored experimentally and is shown to fit well to a stretched-exponential model. Finally, we investigate the effects of pulse shaping and find that, over our range of pulse durations, the amount of BLIRA is relatively insensitive to pulse shape.
F-actin bundles are derivatives of microvilli: What does this tell us about how bundles might form?

Fruit fly bristles have us tearing out our few remaining hairs. The puzzle is, in forming long bristles, how and why do flies assemble long actin bundles by gluing shorter bundles end-to-end? Fruit fly bristles extend posteriorly in a gentle curve over the fly's back like the hair on a well-groomed
Application of a spatially variant system model for 3-D whole-body pet image reconstruction

Accurate system modeling in tomographic image reconstruction has been shown to reduce the spatial variance of resolution and improve quantitative accuracy. System modeling can be improved through analytic calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and physical measurements. This work presents a novel measured system model and incorporates this model into a fully 3-D statistical reconstruction method. Empirical testing of the resolution versus noise benefits reveal a modest improvement in spatial resolution at matched image noise levels. Convergence analysis demonstrate improved resolution and contrast versus noise properties can be achieved with the proposed method with similar computation time as the conventional approach. Images reconstructed with the proposed model contain correlated noise structures which are difficult to characterize with accepted NEMA noise metrics.
Ecological factors responsible for the geographic distribution of Rhabdias joaquinensis : where do lungworms infect anurans in nature?

The lungworm Rhabdias joaquinensis (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) is a common parasite of anurans in eastern Nebraska, yet absent from the same hosts in western Nebraska. This study investigated the ecology of the lungworm's free-living stages that reside in host feces and surrounding soils to establish the worm's free-living niche in eastern Nebraska. Using a comparative method, this study also investigated the absence of lungworms in western Nebraska's Sandhills. Soil composition, moisture, and temperature were experimentally varied in the laboratory to assess their effects on juvenile development and survival. Field mesocosm and host defecation experiments were used to determine where in nature lungworms survive and eventually infect frogs and toads and to discover if vegetation facilitates lungworm transmission to hosts. The results found loam soils were amenable to lungworm development, whereas soils with high clay or sand content produced few infective lungworms. Soil moisture <50 % did not support lungworm development. Infective juveniles successfully developed between 5 and 35 °C, albeit at different rates, whereas only a limited number of non-infective worms developed at 40 °C. Field studies found that shoreline environments supported lungworm development, and the majority of lungworm infections appear to occur within a zone of infection adjacent to shorelines in eastern Nebraska. The prevalence in vegetation mesocosms was 100 %, and a significantly higher mean abundance was found in toads from containers with vegetation than without. Overall, these experiments suggest that the spatial distribution of R. joaquinensis in Nebraska is constrained by the worm's ability to survive and reproduce in a soil matrix.
Clinical Trial Accrual Targeting Genomic Alterations After Next-Generation Sequencing at a Non-National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Program.

Purpose:Successful clinical trial accrual targeting uncommon genomic alterations will require broad national participation from both National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated comprehensive cancer centers and community cancer programs. This report describes the initial experience with clinical trial accrual after next-generation sequencing (NGS) from three affiliated non–NCI-designated cancer programs.Materials and Methods:Clinical trial participation was reviewed after enrollment of the first 200 patients undergoing comprehensive genomic profiling by NGS as part of an institutional intuitional review board–approved protocol at three affiliated hospitals in Rhode Island and was compared with published experience from NCI-designated cancer centers.Results:Patient characteristics included a median age of 64 years, a median of two lines of prior therapy, and a predominance of GI carcinomas (58%). One hundred sixty-four of 200 patients (82%) had adequate tumor for NGS, 95% had genomic alterations identified, ...
Ionomers of intrinsic microporosity: in silico development of ionic-functionalized gas-separation membranes.

This work presents the predictive molecular simulations of a functionalized polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) with an ionic backbone (carboxylate) and extra-framework counterions (Na+) for CO2 gas storage and separation applications. The CO2-philic carboxylate-functionalized polymers are predicted to contain similar degrees of free volume to PIM-1, with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas from 510 to 890 m2/g, depending on concentration of ionic groups from 100% to 17%. As a result of ionic groups enhancing the CO2 enthalpy of adsorption (to 42–50 kJ/mol), the uptake of the proposed polymers at 293 K exceeded 1.7 mmol/g at 10 kPa and 3.3 mmol/g at 100 kPa for the polymers containing 100% and 50% ionic functional groups, respectively. In addition, CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 mixed-gas separation performance was evaluated under several industrially relevant conditions, where the IonomIMs are shown to increase both the working capacity and selection performance in certain pressure swing applications (e....
Using adaptive learning technologies to personalize instruction to student interests: The impact of relevant contexts on performance and learning outcomes.

Adaptive learning technologies are emerging in educational settings as a means to customize instruction to learners’ background, experiences, and prior knowledge. Here, a technology-based personalization intervention within an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for secondary mathematics was used to adapt instruction to students’ personal interests. We conducted a learning experiment where 145 ninth-grade Algebra I students were randomly assigned to 2 conditions in the Cognitive Tutor Algebra ITS. For 1 instructional unit, half of the students received normal algebra story problems, and half received matched problems personalized to their out-of-school interests in areas such as sports, music, and movies. Results showed that students in the personalization condition solved problems faster and more accurately within the modified unit. The impact of personalization was most pronounced for 1 skill in particular—writing symbolic equations from story scenarios—and for 1 group of students in particular—students who were struggling to learn within the tutoring environment. Once the treatment had been removed, students who had received personalization continued to write symbolic equations for normal story problems with increasingly complex structures more accurately and with greater efficiency. Thus, we provide evidence that interest-based interventions can promote robust learning outcomes—such as transfer and accelerated future learning—in secondary mathematics. These interest-based connections may allow for abstract ideas to become perceptually grounded in students’ experiences such that they become easier to grasp. Adaptive learning technologies that utilize interest may be a powerful way to support learners in gaining fluency with abstract representational systems.
Executive Succession in Failing Firms

Organizations' environmental contexts can influence their strategies and processes in a number of ways. Pfeffer and Salancik (1978) suggested that context can influence executive succession, becaus...
The Impact of Screen Size on Activation and Engagement with Online Video Content

An increasing proportion of people have access to online content only through mobile devices. Indeed, projections suggest that by the year 2020, 80% of all online activity will take place on tablets and smartphones. This has consequences for news providers, of course: news organizations must reconsider the timing, display, and content of their product in an effort to retain audiences across multiple devices, resolutions, and screen orientations. But a shift towards mobile news content may have consequences for those focused on political knowledge, interest and engagement as well. For instance: how does a move to smaller screens change the ways in which citizens engage with news content? We offer a first investigation of this here through a lab-experimental study of individuals’ psycho-physiological responses to network news, while varying screen size and news tone. We find that on a small screen news interest dissipates much more powerfully relative to a full (laptop) size screen. This has, we suggest, potentially important consequences for public interest in current affairs in an increasingly mobile media environment.
METHOD OF RISK ANALYSIS IN RISK MANAGEMENT TO MEDICAL DEVICES

To meet the requirements of the fourth chapter in YY/T 0316-2008 Medical Devices Application of Risk Management to Medical Devices,this paper combines chart,summarizes and analyses the method of risk analysis in risk management to medical devices.
Investigation of animal damage and countermeasure assessment in Beiyue Temple,Quyang,Hebei province

The activities and excrement pollution of pigeons and bats are major factors threatening the safety of historical buildings and ancient murals of Dening Palace,Beiyue Temple.In this study,the extent of animal damage in Dening Palace was investigated.First,we used the security monitoring system to monitor the characteristics of bat activity in the evening.A bird observation telescope were used to survey the activity of pigeons during the day.The pH and content of soluble salts in the excrement were analyzed simultaneously.Because of the serious animal damage problems in Dening Palace at present,an ultrasonic method was selected to drive those dangerous animals out.The relationship between sound level,measured by a digital sound level meter,and the weight change of excrement per unit area could be used to judge the effect of sound in driving out the animals.The results showed that thousands of bats and hundreds of pigeons inhabit and reproduce in this place,that the urine of bats is acidic and contains high levels of nitrate and sulfate,and that their excrement is more alkaline but has a higher level of nitrate;the excrement of pigeons contains more nitrate.The components of this excrement can easily alter and damage the ancient murals at this site.Using the ultrasound apparatus,the intensity of bat activity in the palace was reduced,as determined by a decrease in the weight of excrement.The ultrasonic driving method also had some influence on the activity of pigeons,in that it discouraged them from flying back to the site.In conclusion,the ultrasonic driving apparatus has at least a temporary effect in driving animals out of such historical buildings.We suggest that physical and mechanical control measures can be utilized in similar situation in the future.
Diversifiable Bootstrapping for Acquiring High-Coverage Paraphrase Resource

Recognizing similar or close meaning on different surface form is a common challenge in various Natural Language Processing and Information Access applications. However, we identified multiple limitations in existing resources that can be used for solving the vocabulary mismatch problem. To this end, we will propose the Diversifiable Bootstrapping algorithm that can learn paraphrase patterns with a high lexical coverage. The algorithm works in a lightly-supervised iterative fashion, where instance and pattern acquisition are interleaved, each using information provided by the other. By tweaking a parameter in the algorithm, resulting patterns can be diversifiable with a specific degree one can control.
Essential Roles for Polymerase θ-Mediated End Joining in the Repair of Chromosome Breaks

DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ)-mediated end joining (TMEJ) has been implicated in the repair of chromosome breaks, but its cellular mechanism and role relative to canonical repair pathways are poorly understood. We show that it accounts for most repairs associated with microhomologies and is made efficient by coupling a microhomology search to removal of non-homologous tails and microhomology-primed synthesis across broken ends. In contrast to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), TMEJ efficiently repairs end structures expected after aborted homology-directed repair (5' to 3' resected ends) or replication fork collapse. It typically does not compete with canonical repair pathways but, in NHEJ-deficient cells, is engaged more frequently and protects against translocation. Cell viability is also severely impaired upon combined deficiency in Pol θ and a factor that antagonizes end resection (Ku or 53BP1). TMEJ thus helps to sustain cell viability and genome stability by rescuing chromosome break repair when resection is misregulated or NHEJ is compromised.
Electrolytes for Long-Life, Ultra Low-Power Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Publisher Summary The fuel cells must have very low energy losses, including low methanol permeability, and must allow the use of highly concentrated fuels. This chapter examines the existing fuel cell technologies in light of these new requirements. Portable direct methanol fuel cells are potentially excellent power sources for small electronic devices because of the high energy density of pure methanol. In the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), liquid methanol is fed directly to the anode compartment of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. This provides several advantages over its hydrogen counterpart, namely that liquid methanol has a higher volumetric energy density than hydrogen and the generation, storage, and transportation of methanol is facile. Several fluorinated membranes have been developed for use as proton exchange membranes in both the PEM and DMFC systems. The fluorinated polymers are typically synthesized by copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated vinyl ether with sulfonyl acid fluoride. Due to its high ionic conductivity under fully hydrated conditions, several groups have explored modified Nafion membranes for DMFCs. In this alternative approach, many research studies have proposed the modification of the perflurosulfonic acid matrix of Nafion by impregnation with acids that have low solubility, solution casting with solubalized oxygenated acids, and composites of nonconducting polymers with Nafion. Some attention has recently been given to the design of novel inorganic proton exchange membranes. Successful design of such membranes could potentially overcome the drawbacks of the polymer-based electrolytes by exhibiting comparable proton conductivities and ultra-low methanol crossover at reasonable cost.
Convergence and divergence in parallel for the ubiquitous era

Summary form only given. After having enjoyed the years of staggering growth in the 90's, the semiconductor industry is being matured. Today, it is still a growing industry, at a slower pace, as it continues to expand its reach to cover a growing number of all industries. While miniaturization is still an important consideration for many semiconductor manufacturers, the multitude of complex technology and economical scale limitations are posing as new challenges. Today, there is no single driving force to fuel the growth of the semiconductor industry. Under this new paradigm, it is important re-evaluate the business model of the semiconductor industry, together with two keywords, "convergence" and "divergence." "Convergence" enables utilization of various application contents beyond time and space, allowing consumers to access data from anywhere, anytime. On the other hand, "divergence" accelerates segmentation, bringing solutions such as electronics systems tailored for each individual need and widely distributed networked systems. In the ubiquitous era, these seemingly contradicting elements become the foundation for establishing a new business model. Given the change, what is required for technology is also changing. What the industry really needs is a system-centric innovation approach centered on software, to enable delivery of a wide spectrum of applications, rather than a conventional hardware-centric approach. This paper discussed how to enable such innovations as well as how to overcome other future challenges in the industry.
Time constants of degradation, regeneration, and destabilization of the B-O related defect

There have been a number of studies on the kinetics of the various B-O related defect transitions: degradation, regeneration, and destabilization. Some methods have monitored the inverse of minority carrier lifetime, 1/τ, at an injection level of Δn=1×1015/cm3. Other studies have used V oc , J 01 , or J sc . This work summarizes some of these approaches and describes their sensitivity, behaviors, and validity. For an Arrhenius analysis, using the inverse of the minority carrier lifetime, 1/τ, at a fixed injection level is the only appropriate measure. However, this still leaves the question regarding which injection level to use. Commercially, the efficiency is of utmost importance. We show how the efficiency rate constant is different from the B-O defect rate constant due to the varying injection level of the maximum power point. An effective activation energy for the efficiency rate constant may be useful in predicting efficiency losses, but should not be used to describe the kinetics of the B-O reactions.
The Workers' View: Strategies and Coping Skills in a Family Preservation Program

This article examines the family preservation model from the perspective of workers involved in a program using the model. It describes a pilot study using qualitative research methods completed with all workers in a family preservation program. The study's focus explored the coping mechanisms of the workers specifically related to boundary and termination issues, and ways workers viewed families with whom they worked. Boundaries appeared to be managed by workers through cognitive mechanisms, application of program structure with clients, role clarification, supervision, and self-assessment. Role clarification particularly helped workers set limits for tasks that could be accomplished with families in a short-term model. Comfort and discomfort with termination issues included both personal and professional explanations. Coping mechanisms for managing termination issues were similar to those mentioned in regard to the maintenance of professional boundaries.
Using AppVis to Build Data-rich Apps with MIT App Inventor (Abstract Only)

MIT App Inventor is widely used to introduce students to programming and building mobile apps. In this workshop, we will introduce AppVis, an extension to App Inventor that allows users to create apps that publish data to iSENSE (isenseproject.org), a web-based system for collaborating with data and visualizations. Using AppVis, apps can also retrieve data from iSENSE and display visualizations in the app. This workshop will provide a hands-on introduction to App Inventor, AppVis, and iSENSE. You will build our demo apps, including jump counter, survey, and map-marking. We will have conversations about how to introduce AppVis to your non-majors courses, intro-CS courses, and interdisciplinary teaching. Prior experience with App Inventor is helpful, but not necessary.
Progress in the Development of a Double Stub Tuner for Alcator C-Mod Lower Hybrid Current Drive System

AbstractThis technical note describes the ongoing development of a double stub Fast Ferrite Tuner (FFT) for the Alcator C-Mod 4.6 GHz Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system. This FFT uses an electromagnet coil and permanent magnet on each tuning stub. The FFT is required to withstand over 200 kW of power (20 KW/cm2) for several second pulses spaced 10 minutes apart. The FFT will be computer controlled and must react to matching a load in a few hundred microseconds. We will present measurement of the system along with simulations. Breakdown measurements, operational achievements and computer control algorithm will be shown.This program has also revealed the inaccuracy in simulation of the models in leading finite element codes such as CST and COMSOL. We have been able to insert a model for Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF) work into COMSOL but unable to do this for Lower Hybrid at this time.
Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of programmed cell death 1-Ligand 1 expression in malignant mesothelioma

Background: Programmed Cell Death 1-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Programmed Death Protein 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies are promising immunotherapies for malignancies. We have previously shown PD-L1 express...
Status devices and Status mobility: How does success cross local and global markets?

This paper analyzes status mobility between markets under conditions of local and global art market convergence, using data of Korean artists and their sales movement from 1998 to 2012. We identify...
Digital phase demodulation for low-coherence interferometry-based fiber-optic sensors

Abstract We describe a digital phase demodulation scheme for low-coherence interferometry-based fiber-optic sensors by employing a simple generation of phase-shifted signals at the interrogation interferometer. The scheme allows a real-time calibration process and offers capability of measuring large variations (up to the coherence of the light source) at the bandwidth that is only limited by the data acquisition system. The proposed phase demodulation method is analytically derived and its validity and performance are experimentally verified using fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors for measurement of strains and vibrations.
Cancer diagnostics: statistical methods.

This chapter presents methods for analyzing studies evaluating the accuracy of tests used to screen for and/or answer diagnostic questions about cancer. Examples include screening mammography, diagnostic mammography, colonoscopy, Papanicolaou cervical smear, and chest X-ray to diagnose possible lung cancer.
Sequence-to-Conformation Relationships of Disordered Regions Tethered to Folded Domains of Proteins.

Abstract Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs/IDRs) are characterized by well-defined sequence-to-conformation relationships (SCRs). These relationships refer to the sequence-specific preferences for average sizes, shapes, residue-specific secondary structure propensities, and amplitudes of multiscale conformational fluctuations. SCRs are discerned from the sequence-specific conformational ensembles of IDPs. A vast majority of IDPs are actually tethered to folded domains (FDs). This raises the question of whether or not SCRs inferred for IDPs are applicable to IDRs tethered to FDs. Here, we use atomistic simulations based on a well-established forcefield paradigm and an enhanced sampling method to obtain comparative assessments of SCRs for 13 archetypal IDRs modeled as autonomous units, as C-terminal tails connected to FDs, and as linkers between pairs of FDs. Our studies uncover a set of general observations regarding context-independent versus context-dependent SCRs of IDRs. SCRs are minimally perturbed upon tethering to FDs if the IDRs are deficient in charged residues and for polyampholytic IDRs where the oppositely charged residues within the sequence of the IDR are separated into distinct blocks. In contrast, the interplay between IDRs and tethered FDs has a significant modulatory effect on SCRs if the IDRs have intermediate fractions of charged residues or if they have sequence-intrinsic conformational preferences for canonical random coils. Our findings suggest that IDRs with context-independent SCRs might be independent evolutionary modules, whereas IDRs with context-dependent SCRs might co-evolve with the FDs to which they are tethered.
Radiotherapy plus hormonal therapy

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an important and well-established treatment regimen for patients with high-risk and locally advanced prostate cancer, as demonstrated by multiple randomized trials. Radiation therapy is also an established treatment for patients who have recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy, offering patients a “second chance” at cure. The recent report of a randomized trial suggests that the addition of ADT to radiation therapy may also be of benefit for patients in this “salvage” treatment setting. This chapter will review the body of literature on and indications for radiation therapy with ADT for patients with high-risk, locally advanced, and recurrent prostate cancer.
Cross-linking of the human DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase to DNA in the presence of 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane and antitumor nitrogen mustards.

5244 O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) repairs O6-alkylguanine lesions in DNA by direct transfer of the O6-alkyl group to an active site cysteine (Cys145), restoring normal guanine and preventing mutagenesis. However, previous studies suggested that AGT expression increased the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of several bis-electrophiles, including 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) and antitumor nitrogen mustards (NM). Because these bifunctional alkylating agents produce N7-guanine monoadducts that retain one of the electrophilic groups, they are likely to induce DNA-protein cross-links by interacting with nucleophilic residues within AGT. The purpose of this study was to determine the structures of DEB- and NM-induced AGT-DNA conjugates and to identify specific amino acid residues involved in cross-linking. DNA-protein cross-link formation was detected by SDS-PAGE when 32P-labeled double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides were exposed to DEB in the presence of either wild-type hAGT or a C145A hAGT mutant lacking the alkyl acceptor residue. Capillary HPLC-ESI+ mass spectrometric analysis of hAGT that had been incubated with N7-(2’-hydroxy-3’,4’-epoxybut-1’-yl)-deoxyguanosine (dG monoepoxide) or N7-guanine-half mustards of mechlorethamine and chlorambucil revealed the ability of the protein to form either one or two cross-links to dG. The cross-link locations were mapped to Cys145 and Cys150 by HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS analyses of tryptic digests. The same two active site residues participated in cross-linking following the incubation of hAGT with double-stranded DNA in the presence of DEB, mechlorethamine, and chlorambucil. The exact chemical structures of the cross-linked lesions were established as 1-(S-cysteinyl)-4-(guan-7-yl)-2,3-butanediol (Cys-Gua-BD), N-(2-[S-cysteinyl]ethyl)-N-(2-[guan-7-yl]ethyl)methylamine (Cys-Gua-EMA), and N-(2-[S-cysteinyl]ethyl)-N-(2-[guan-7-yl]ethyl)-p-aminophenylbuyric acid (Cys-Gua-PBA) by HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS analysis of the amino acids resulting from total digestion of modified proteins analyzed in parallel with synthetic standards. DNA-protein cross-linking is a likely mechanism for cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of DEB and NM in cells expressing AGT protein.
Mathematical modeling in animal production

Abstract The human mind is capable of formulating complicated concepts but lacks the ability to process the data in a timely and accurate fashion numerically. Decision-support systems (DSS) are the interface between the ingenious human mind and mathematical sciences, and mathematical modeling (MM) is the process of constructing computer models systematically. It has been a long journey for animal nutritionists to gain considerable scientific knowledge from experimentation, and, at this moment, they must translate these successful experiences into DSS that can improve animal production in the future. Animal nutritionists have made tremendous progress, scientific advancements in ruminant production have been tangible, but incipient, mainly because mathematical modeling is obscure to many scientists. In agriculture and life sciences, the use of MM to facilitate research is consistently underutilized because potential users are not aware of the capabilities and benefits of MM, or they believe that model development is complex and difficult. Many functional DSS exist, and compelling methodologies are available to assist in our future endeavors (e.g., system dynamics, machine learning).
The Role of Capsule Endoscopy in Celiac Disease

Evaluating patients with suspected celiac disease (CeD) typically includes serologic testing followed by histological confirmation. Given the invasive nature of upper endoscopy, this approach can have limitations. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) allows for noninvasive visualization of the GI tract and is a useful tool for physicians managing patients with suspected or known CeD. In patients unable to undergo upper endoscopy due to medical comorbidities, capsule endoscopy may be utilized to identify mucosal changes consistent with CeD. In patients with nonresponsive celiac disease (NRCD) and refractory CeD (RCD), it is useful for identifying complications such as ulcerative jejunitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL).
Race-Conscious Ethics in School Leadership: From Impersonal Caring to Critical Responsibility

Background/ContextThis research is informed by leadership theory and care ethics and how these theories intersect with race-consciousness. This study contributes to the emerging literature on race-...
“Indulgence towards Lies:” Reintroducing the Philosopher Brice Parain

This article seeks to draw attention to the work of Brice Parain, an under-examined figure in mid-twentieth-century French philosophy. It considers Parain's most influential work, Recherches sur la...
Inducibility of the Net Graph.

A graph $F$ is called a fractalizer if for all $n$ the only graphs which maximize the number of induced copies of $F$ on $n$ vertices are the balanced iterated blow ups of $F$. While the net graph is not a fractalizer, we show that the net is nearly a fractalizer. Let $N(n)$ be the maximum number of induced copies of the net graph among all graphs on $n$ vertices. For sufficiently large $n$ we show that, $N(n) = x_1\cdot x_2 \cdot x_3 \cdot x_4 \cdot x_5 \cdot x_6 + N(x_1) + N(x_2) + N(x_3) + N(x_4) + N(x_5) + N(x_6)$ where $\sigma x_i = n$ and all $x_i$ are as equal as possible. Furthermore, we show that the unique graph which maximizes $N(6^k)$ is the balanced iterated blow up of the net for $k$ sufficiently large. We expand on the standard flag algebra and stability techniques through more careful counting and numerical optimization techniques.
Lattice Truss Structural Response Using Energy Methods

A deterministic methodology is presented for developing closed-form deflection equations for two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattice structures. Four types of lattice structures are studied: beams, plates, shells and soft lattices. Castigliano's second theorem, which entails the total strain energy of a structure, is utilized to generate highly accurate results. Derived deflection equations provide new insight into the bending and shear behavior of the four types of lattices, in contrast to classic solutions of similar structures. Lattice derivations utilizing kinetic energy are also presented, and used to examine the free vibration response of simple lattice structures. Derivations utilizing finite element theory for unique lattice behavior are also presented and validated using the finite element analysis code EAL.
Transport, Subcellular Distribution and Export of Mn(II) in Rat Liver and Hepatocytes

Manganese (II) has been implicated in the function of the gluconeogenic enzymes pyruvate carboxylase and P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (1,2), and has been proposed to act as a regulatory factor in gluconeogenesis (3,4). The purpose of these studies was to test the hypothesis that Mn(II) in rat liver has a regulatory function in gluconeogenesis.