cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Macular Ischemia

Diabetic retinopathy encompasses many interrelated pathological changes that occur in the retina of diabetic patients. Retinal ischemia has received much attention as a primary risk factor for the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.1 Ischemia affecting the macula has received less attention in the literature likely due to difficulty in detection and lack of treatment options.2 Retinal capillary nonperfusion was first described by Ashton using India ink preparations of the diabetic retina (Fig. 1).3 Subsequent histological studies revealed acellular capillaries in zones of nonperfusion (Fig. 2).4–7
Yearning and Its Measurement in Complicated Grief

ABSTRACTPersistent intense yearning for the deceased is a core clinical feature of complicated grief (CG) that distinguishes it from other mental disorders that develop following loss. The Yearning in Situations of Loss Scale (YSL) is a recently developed assessment of yearning. To assess the psychometric properties of the YSL in those with CG, we administered the YSL, Inventory of Complicated Grief, and Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology to 303 treatment-seeking bereaved adults with CG. Our results suggest the YSL is a reliable assessment with acceptable convergent and discriminant validity as a measure of yearning in those with CG.
Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Changge City from 2009-2011

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD),provide a scientific basis for developing the prevention and control strategy.[Methods]The data of HFMD in Changge City from 2009-2011 were analyzed.[Results]A total of 3 063 HFMD cases were reported in Changge City from 2009-2011,which included 334 severe cases,3 death cases and 2 disability cases,and average annual incidence rate was 151.94 / lakh.Among 3 063 cases,2 546 were scattered children,which accounted for 83.12%,469(15.31%) were kindergarten children,45(1.47%) were students,and 3(0.10%) were farmers and others.2 371 cases were children under 3 years old,which accounted for 77.41%,649 were children aged 3-6 years old,which accounted for 21.19%,and 43 cases were people over 7 years old,which accounted for 1.40%.There were 2 023 male patients and 1 040 female patients,with the male-to-female ratio of 1.96∶ 1.2 511 cases occurred April to July,accounting for 81.98% of total cases.A total of 126 aggregation events were reported,which included 521 cases,accounting for 17.01% of total cases.197 positive samples were found in 3 years,which included 143(72.59%) EV71 samples,8(4.06%) CoxA16 samples,and 46(23.35%) samples of other intestinal virus.[Conclusion]The HFMD epidemic situation in Changge City is mainly caused by EV71,peak season is April to July,the scattered children are the high-risk population,and it presents an epidemiological feature of scattered occurrence.HFMD cases have decreased year by year in Changge City.Enhancing publicity and education,as well as improving the awareness of prevention are the economic and effective measures for HFMD prevention and control.
The Continuing Relevance of Coser’s Theory of Conflict

Lewis Coser's The Functions of Social Conflict was one of the bestselling sociological works of the Twentieth century. Published in 1956, this book critiqued the dominant sociological paradigm of the time-structuralfunctionalism-and may well have contributed to its diminishing influence in the discipline. Coser revealed functionalism's conservative biases and its inability to capture the conflict, competition, and tension that characterize group life. Yet one of Coser's noteworthy characteristics is his refusal to impetuously dismiss this paradigm's insights. In the history of social thought, intellectual developments often reflect the path of a pendulum, swinging from a nearly absolute rejection of one paradigm to the acceptance of a completely different view. Little attention is given to integrating the strengths of various perspectives. The Functions of Social Conflict, however, has a rare dialectical quality, as Coser gracefully synthesized the insights of sociology's three main paradigms. Building from Durkheimian premises, Coser argued that conflict is a persistent phenomenon and therefore serves some latent social functions. Yet by departing from functionalism's assumptions of stability and harmony, Coser also facilitated the shift
ON MEAN VALENT FUNCTIONS

Suppose f(z) is regular in |z|1 and denote by W the Riemann domain which is the transform of |z|1 by f. Let w(R)be the area (regions covered multiply being counted multiply) of that portion of W which lies in the circle |ω|≤R;then if W(R) ≤ p π R~2 for all R 0, where p is a positive number (not necessarily integral), we shall say that f(z) is a mean p-valent. The totality of all such functions form a classwhich shall be denoted by S_p. In particular, we denote S_1 by S.This class of functions was defined by J. E. Littlewood, and have been studied by D. C. Spencer and Alenytsun.The aim of the present note is to establish some new results for S_p.Theorem 1. If and then where.Equality holds only if f(z)= az~p, where a is a constant.Theorem 1 is an extension of Biernacki's theorem.Theorem 2. If then where.Theorem 3. Let If holds for |z|1 with constants M and α,α1/2,then where M_o depends only upon M, p, α.Theorem 2 and Theorem 3 are extended form of Golusin's results in the theory of schlicht functions.Theorem 4. If f(z)= z +…∈S, then f(z) is schlicht in the circle |z| r_o= 0.756…, where r_o being the positive root of 1-r~2-r~3=0.Corollary 1. If f(z) = z +…∈S, then f(z) is convex in the circle |z|(2-3~(1/3))r_o=0.196….Corollary 2. If f(z)=z+…∈S, |f"(0)/21|≤4r_o-2/r_o = 1.354…,then the image (w=f(z), |z|1) covers the circle |z|1/4.
Resetting of exaggerated tubuloglomerular feedback activity in acutely volume-expanded young SHR

One purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability of 7-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to reset tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) activity in response to acute volume expansio...
Low-power high-density 10GBASE-T ethernet transceiver

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on low power high-density, 10GBASE-T Ethernet transceivers. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the historical development of Ethernet; markets for Ethernet technology; processing and communications switching capabilities; 10GBase T technical requirements and processing capabilities; design challenges; LDPC architecture and wire complexity; noise measurement and cancellation techniques; Tx DAC/Hybrid architectures; the deploying of cloud storage; and future areas of technological development.
Extension of Measures

In Chapter 2 (see Example 2C) we considered the Lebesgue measure \(\lambda\) on the Borel algebra \(\mathfrak{R}\), which is the \(\sigma\)-algebra of subsets of the real line \(\mathbb{R}\) generated by the collection of all open intervals; and we have been using the notion of Lebesgue measure since then, although it has not been properly constructed so far. Indeed, in Example 2C we promised to prove existence and uniqueness of the Lebesgue measure \(\lambda: \mathfrak{R}\rightarrow \overline{\mathbb{R}}\) in Chapter 8. We will comply with that promise in Section 8.3, as a special case of the following program. (1) First we introduce the concept of a measure \(\mu\) on an algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) (rather than on a \(\sigma\)-algebra) of subsets of set X. (2) Then we consider the notion of an outer measure \(\mu ^{{\ast}}\) generated by that measure \(\mu\) on an algebra \(\mathcal{A}\), which is a set function on the power set \(\wp (X)\). (3) Finally, we show that this outer measure \(\mu ^{{\ast}}\) induces a \(\sigma\)-algebra \(\mathcal{A}^{{\ast}}\) of subsets of X (such that \(\mathcal{A}\subseteq \mathcal{A}^{{\ast}}\)) upon which the restriction \(\mu ^{{\ast}}\vert _{\mathcal{A}^{{\ast}}}\) is a measure on the \(\sigma\)-algebra \(\mathcal{A}^{{\ast}}\). This is the Caratheodory Extension Theorem, which is the central result of this chapter, whose applications go as far as Chapters 9, 11, and 13.
Microelectronics BEOL reliability basics and evolution

Summary form only given. The set of traditional back-end-of-line (BEOL) reliability concerns includes electromigration (EM), mechanical stability, stress-induced voiding (SV) and corrosion for aluminum (Al) metallizations. With the introduction of dual-damascene Cu and low-k BEOL dielectric materials, combined with continued reduction in dimensions required for increased circuit density, time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of both inter- and intra-level dielectric has become an additional concern. All of the standard testing is still carried on for each of these failure mechanisms, but trends to include large features, such as inductors for RF parts and through-Si vias (TSV's) for chip stacking, in combination with progressively smaller minimum line widths and pitches have lead to a divergence in both testing requirements and test structures to ensure chip reliability. In addition, emerging applications using high voltages, thick wiring levels and thick dielectric layers are requiring much greater test voltages and currents in order to produce failure distributions adequate for lifetime projections. These challenges promise to provide continued entertainment for BEOL Reliability engineers for the next few years.
Life Stage-Specific Cargo Receptors Facilitate Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Surface Coat Protein Transport in Trypanosoma brucei

ABSTRACT The critical virulence factor of bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei is the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit of VSG is GPI dependent and relies on a discrete subset of COPII machinery (TbSec23.2/TbSec24.1). In other systems, p24 transmembrane adaptor proteins selectively recruit GPI-anchored cargo into nascent COPII vesicles. Trypanosomes have eight putative p24s (TbERP1 to TbERP8) that are constitutively expressed at the mRNA level. However, only four TbERP proteins (TbERP1, -2, -3, and -8) are detectable in bloodstream-form parasites. All four colocalize to ER exit sites, are required for efficient GPI-dependent ER exit, and are interdependent for steady-state stability. These results suggest shared function as an oligomeric ER GPI-cargo receptor. This cohort also mediates rapid forward trafficking of the soluble lysosomal hydrolase TbCatL. Procyclic insect-stage trypanosomes have a distinct surface protein, procyclin, bearing a different GPI anchor structure. A separate cohort of TbERP proteins (TbERP1, -2, -4, and -8) are expressed in procyclic parasites and also function in GPI-dependent ER exit. Collectively, these results suggest developmentally regulated TbERP cohorts, likely in obligate assemblies, that may recognize stage-specific GPI anchors to facilitate GPI-cargo trafficking throughout the parasite life cycle. IMPORTANCE African trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause African sleeping sickness. Critical to the success of the parasite is the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), which covers the parasite cell surface and which is essential for evasion of the host immune system. VSG is membrane bound by a glycolipid (GPI) anchor that is attached in the earliest compartment of the secretory pathway, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We have previously shown that the anchor acts as a positive forward trafficking signal for ER exit, implying a cognate receptor mechanism for GPI recognition and loading in coated cargo vesicles leaving the ER. Here, we characterize a family of small transmembrane proteins that act at adaptors for this process. This work adds to our understanding of general GPI function in eukaryotic cells and specifically in the synthesis and transport of the critical virulence factor of pathogenic African trypanosomes.
Examining Hypotheses for the Colony's Establishment

Eleven archaeological hypotheses for insular frontier change have been set forth from the characteristics of the frontier model. Each hypothesis deals with a different aspect of this process as it is likely to affect intrusive colonial societies. The hypotheses derived from the characteristics of the frontier model specify conditions that are expected as a result of the operation of the process of insular frontier change on the systemic structure of the intrusive British society that colonized South Carolina in the late 17th and 18th centuries. This chapter explains the hypotheses for the colony's establishment as a permanent area of settlement. Establishment is crucial to the existence of insular frontier colonization and must occur if the other characteristics of this process are to take place. The chapter highlights material data from an insular frontier region as evidence in support of the hypotheses for the colony's establishment. The first hypothesis for the colony's establishment predicts that archaeological data will provide evidence for the establishment of a British colony in South Carolina and the continued maintenance of economic and social ties between the colonial society and the parent state throughout the period of colonization. Evidence for establishment must reveal both cultural affiliation between the colonial population and that of the homeland and its continuation over a sustained period.
Lipoic acid metabolism and mitochondrial redox regulation

Lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial metabolism and is synthesized de novo using intermediates from mitochondrial fatty-acid synthesis type II, S-adenosylmethionine and iron–sulfur clusters. This cofactor is required for catalysis by multiple mitochondrial 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase. Lipoic acid also plays a critical role in stabilizing and regulating these multienzyme complexes. Many of these dehydrogenases are regulated by reactive oxygen species, mediated through the disulfide bond of the prosthetic lipoyl moiety. Collectively, its functions explain why lipoic acid is required for cell growth, mitochondrial activity, and coordination of fuel metabolism.
Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/poly(styrene) blended colloids: Exploiting the effects of composition and marginal solvent

Abstract Herein, aqueous suspensions of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/poly(styrene) (P3HT/PS) blended colloids with varied ratios were prepared using a miniemulsion process. The effects of composition and marginal solvent amount on the aggregates, optical and hole-transport properties of P3HT/PS blended colloids were investigated. Both PS and THF promoted P3HT chain aggregation and electronic coupling, resulting in a red-shift and increased absorbance intensity at the 0-0 and 0-1 vibronic peaks in aqueous suspensions. But, PS prevented further chain packing and aggregation during thermal annealing in solid-state of P3HT/PS blended colloid films, compared to pure P3HT colloids. The crystal lattice spacing in alkyl packing direction of P3HT was not affected by either PS or THF. Additionally, the hole mobility of FETs using pure P3HT colloids was 9.08 × 10−5 cm2/Vs, which decreased when P3HT/PS blended colloids were used. However, incorporation of THF enhanced the hole mobility of FETs using P3HT/PS(2/8) blended colloids, from 0.76 × 10−5 cm2/Vs for FETs using blended colloids made from solvent without THF to 1.24 × 10−5 cm2/Vs for FETs using blended colloids made from solvent mixture with 10 vol% THF. These performance improvements will enable greener, more industrially-relevant water-processing of polymers for emerging organic electronics.
Calypso for Cozmo: Robotic AI for Everyone (Abstract Only)

In light of our field/s progress in making programming accessible to novices, we contemplate an even more ambitious goal: make AI accessible to all. The Cozmo robot by Anki is revolutionizing consumer and educational robotics through built-in computer vision and artificial intelligence algorithms. Calypso is a scaffolded robot programming environment for Cozmo inspired by Microsoft/s Kodu Game Lab. Calypso allows novices to program with advanced features such as visual recognition of objects and faces, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), landmark-based navigation, and speech input. Like Kodu, Calypso emphasizes rule-based programming with high-level primitives such as "see", "hear", "move toward", and "grab", and it uses an Xbox game controller as its primary interface. User testing of Calypso has shown that children as young as eight can easily use it to program Cozmo. This demo will show off some of Calypso/s most striking features, including real-time graphical display of the robot/s world map, object detection with OpenCV, and speech recognition. We will share a Calypso curriculum that can be adapted to students from primary school through undergraduates. The demo will conclude with a discussion of the changes coming in both K-12 and undergraduate robotics instruction as we move from simple control of servos to true vision-guided mobile manipulators. For an advance look at Calypso, please see https://Calypso.software.
Specialty Certification in Psychiatry and Formal Education of the Psychiatrist: A Survey

In this paper, the authors compare certification in psychiatry with certification in eight other medical specialties. They note the high (62%) overall failure rate of those taking the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology examination. Due to this high failure rate, they feel that psychiatry as a profession is not meeting the challenge to establish a standard of excellence in psychiatric practice. Reasons for the failures are discussed. The authors advocate a clarification of purpose, greater accountability on the part of the board, and accessibility of examination information to Board candidates and residency training programs. They recommend a vital and integrated relationship between training programs and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Inc.
COMFAST: A comparative framework for analysis of scheduling techniques in multi-core systems

Multi-core systems are increasingly being used for developing many real-time systems to meet the growing demands of high-speed computing and low-power dissipation. However, the delays due to the conflicts that arise when multiple cores access the shared system resources simultaneously encumber these systems to reach their peak efficiency. Several scheduling algorithms have been proposed to abate the issue of resource contention. However, comparing various scheduling techniques is a major challenge due to the different underlying assumptions and the lack of a common ground for analysis. In this paper, we propose a unified Comparative Framework for Analysis of Scheduling Techniques (COMFAST) in multi-core systems. The proposed framework supports the comparison based on a general data set and characterizes the performance in terms of the worst-case response times (WCRT) and acceptance ratios. For illustration, the paper presents the comparison of two of the recently proposed scheduling techniques, i.e., 1) Dynamic Task Aware Scheduling that uses complimentary tasks to mitigate contention, and 2) First Fit Allocation Based on Symmetric Analysis that approaches response time through the shared-resource-centric perspective and the core-centric-perspective. Our results show that Dynamic Task Aware Scheduling provides considerably reduced response times for a variety of resource access frequencies compared to First Fit Allocation. However, in terms of acceptance ratios, First Fit Allocation demonstrates a much better performance.
Reintroducing Genes and Behavior

Behavioral prediction is an imperfect science but one that is undergoing rapid commercialization. However, several examples, including genes for a syndrome involving gout and self-mutilation, phenylketonuria and anemia, illustrate the dramatic power of genetic prediction, and are used to explain the varied kinds of analysis that can constitute a genetic test.
“Are You Pondering What I Am Pondering?” Understanding the Conditions Under Which States Gain and Loose Soft Power

Given the ubiquity of the term ‘soft power’ it is clear that the concept represents, without doubt, one of the key elements of international relations. The strength of the concept lies in the fact that it allows theorists and practitioners to think about power in more complex and dynamic ways – at least in ways more complex than some Realist assertions of hard power. And yet the manner and conditions under which soft power is manifested makes it one of the most nebulous and ambiguous concepts within the field of International Relations [IR], granted that the field of IR is rife with ambiguous concepts. Even though the concept is frequently used, the fact is that it is one of those terms that defy generalization – one of the elements of theory building. Scholars are puzzled by the processes through which soft power unfolds and its impact on bringing about the desired policy change. Intuitively we understand that soft power must exist and yet our attempts to grasp it leave us with some clarity but much confusion as well.
“An approximation to a bird’s eye view, and is intelligible to every eye […]”. Friedrich Wilhelm von Egloffstein, the Exploration of the American West, and Its First Relief Shaded Maps

The German topographer Friedrich Wilhelm von Egloffstein (1824–1885) migrated in 1849 to the United States where he accompanied three exploration expeditions into the American West: With John C. Fremont (1853/1854) on a winter crossing of the Rocky Mountains from St. Louis to the Great Basin, Edward G. Beckwith (1854) on a railroad reconnaissance from Salt Lake City to California, and Joseph C. Ives (1857/1858) on the Colorado River and across its Southern Plateau. For the last expedition, he developed relief shaded maps of the Grand Canyon, the first such maps of a portion of the United States. After serving in Civil War, he developed an early photomechanical printing method.
Community phylogeny of the globally critically imperiled pine rockland ecosystem.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Community phylogenetic methods incorporate information on evolutionary relationships into studies of organismal assemblages. We used a community phylogenetic framework to investigate relationships and biogeographic affinities and to calculate phylogenetic signal of endemism and invasiveness for the flora of the pine rocklands-a globally critically imperiled ecosystem with a significant portion of its distribution in South Florida, United States. METHODS We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of 538 vascular plant taxa, which represent 92.28% of the vascular flora of the pine rocklands. We estimated phylogenetic signal for endemism and invasiveness using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models. We determined the native range for each species in the data set and calculated the total number of species sourced from each region and all possible combinations of these regions. KEY RESULTS The pine rockland flora includes representatives of all major vascular plant lineages, and most species have native ranges in the New World. There was strong phylogenetic signal for endemism, but not for invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS Community phylogenetics has high potential value for conservation planning, particularly for fragmented and endangered ecosystems like the pine rockland. Strong phylogenetic signal for endemic species in our data set, which also tend to be threatened or endangered, can help to identify species at risk, as well as fragments where those species occur, highlighting conservation priorities. Our results indicate, at least in the pine rockland ecosystem, no phylogenetic signal for invasive species, and thus other information must be used to predict the potential for invasiveness.
Poverty, Economic Inequality and Polarization: A District-Wise Analysis of Maharashtra:

This article presents a new set of poverty, economic inequality and polarization estimates for all districts of Maharashtra based on the Modified Mixed Recall Period (MMRP) estimates of consumption...
Quantifying hydrodynamic collective states of magnetic colloidal spinners and rollers

This work expands the scope of modern computational tools for predictive modeling of microscopic active systems, and provides insight into the intricate role of hydrodynamic interaction on the onset of collective behavior of living and synthetic active matter.
Decision Making and the Long-Term Impact of Puberty Blockade in Transgender Children

In the article “Transgender Children and the Right to Transition,” Priest raises important points regarding the potential psychological harm resulting from withholding puberty-blocking treatment (P...
Ultrasound Guided Open Muscle Biopsy (P2.464)

Objective: Determine if muscle ultrasound (MUS) guided open muscle biopsies improve the histologic diagnostic viability in patients with suspected myositis Background: In approximately 10–20% of patients with clinically active disease, muscle biopsies can be negative due to sampling error. Muscle imaging, such as MUS, may be a cost-effect adjunct in selecting potential pathological areas thus reducing false negative findings on histopathology. Design/Methods: Four patients with proximal muscle weakness and muscle atrophy underwent MUS prior to open muscle biopsy. Muscles were chosen based on their increased echogenicity and accessibility. Areas with increased echogenicity and attenuation typically seen in fibrosis were avoided. The specific location for biopsy was marked. Open muscle biopsy was performed and a 5 mm × 5 mm piece of muscle was extracted. Muscle biopsies were prepared for histological evaluation via standard practices. Results: All 4 cases demonstrated variation in myofiber size and configuration with numerous foci of inflammation and evidence of degenerating/regenerating myofibers consistent with myositis. The resultant diagnoses included inclusion body myositis, dermatomyositis, necrotizing myopathy, and polymyositis. Conclusions: MUS is cost effective test prior to open muscle biopsy improving diagnostic accuracy in myositis. Disclosure: Dr. Sultan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gyure has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose.
Functional Neurosurgery: Deep Brain Stimulation and Gene Therapy

The targeting and implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes traditionally is based on the interpretation of preoperative MRI, with most centers employing intraoperative electrophysiological recordings to verify actual lead location. Recent advances in real-time MRI guidance, however, are changing this paradigm. This chapter addresses advances in image guidance for functional neurosurgery in three important areas: (1) optimization of preoperative techniques for visualizing the target structure and related tractography to optimize target selection in DBS, (2) development of interventional-MRI (iMRI) for real-time visualization of DBS electrode placement in MRI-visible anatomic targets, and (3) the development of iMRI gene therapy delivery strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
A High Throughput Implementation of QC-LDPC Codes for 5G NR

Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes are the choice for data channels in the fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR). At the transmitter side, code bits from the QC-LDPC encoder are delivered to the rate matcher. The task of the rate matcher is to select an appropriate number of code bits via puncturing and/or repetition. Code bits that are not selected do not need to be encoded. At the receiver side, the de-rate matcher combines code bits of different transmission attempts and sends them to the QC-LDPC decoder. The output of the QC-LDPC decoder only needs to include necessary systematic bits. Unnecessary systematic bits and parity bits can be completely removed from the decoding process. Taking these considerations into account, a smaller sub-base matrix instead of a full-base matrix can be used in the encoding and decoding process. In this paper, we propose an efficient implementation of QC-LDPC codes for 5G NR. The full-base matrix is pruned before being used. Compared to the traditional schemes, the proposed scheme improves the throughput of QC-LDPC codes in 5G NR.
Abstract P3-08-35: Reassessment of traditional oncotype scoring using TAILORx criteria: A large institutional review

Background. Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score (RS) is a 21-gene assay used to predict recurrence in early stage breast cancer and guide chemotherapy decisions. After the completion of the TAILORx trial in 2017, there were changes in the cutoffs for the risk categories and found that there was chemotherapy benefit for women age 16) showed even higher recurrence than those who received chemotherapy (33% vs 6%). The older patients with higher RS (> 25) showed no significant difference for recurrence between the group who received chemotherapy and who did not receive/refuse chemotherapy. There was a total of 17/620 patients with metastasis. It was frequent in younger patients (age 25) who refused chemotherapy. Conclusion. Based on the TAILORx trial recommendations, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy almost tripled in our cohort. The recurrence and metastatic rate were more frequent in younger patients. The recurrence rate was found to be higher in younger patients (RS >16) who refused chemotherapy and lower in patients who received hormonal therapy. There was no significant difference for metastasis in the groups who received chemotherapy or not. All of the older patients with higher RS who refused chemotherapy did not develop a local recurrence or metastasis. Citation Format: Akisha Glasgow, Philip Bomiesl, Paula Silverman, Hannah Gilmore, Aparna Harbhajanka. Reassessment of traditional oncotype scoring using TAILORx criteria: A large institutional review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-35.
RECEN:Resilient MANET Based Centralized Multi Robot System Using Mobile Agent System

In order to improve the efficiency of a Multi-Robot System (MRS), various algorithms are proposed including centralized and decentralized algorithms. Centralized algorithms can maximize coordination efficiency as it has global information. However, these algorithms have few critical problems such as a single point of failure (SPOF) problem. To the best of our knowledge, no papers directly tackle this issue but propose decentralized approaches, which can only achieve suboptimal efficiency. In this paper, we provide RECEN, a new resilient Mobile Adhoc NETwork (MANET) based centralized architecture using a Mobile Agent system (MAS). A mobile agent is a software process that can migrate from one machine to another while continuing its tasks on the new platform. Applying this technique in MRSs, a master agent can migrate to different robots when facing hardware issues while continuously manages its slave robots efficiently with Multi-Robot Task Allocation (MRTA) algorithm. In order to verify improved resilience by RECEN, our simulation compares RECEN with a general centralized MRS. The result shows that the performance of RECEN outweighs a general centralized MRS by completing 10000 (maximum number of tasks) and 141.42 tasks respectively with 10 robots when there is no sudden accident that causes robot failure before migration. Taking such accidents into account, the simulation result reports that RECEN completes 2768.34 tasks on average with the same number of robots. Moreover, our multi-robot surveillance application in real world environment demonstrates resilience of RECEN by continuously managing slave robots despite hardware issues in a master robot.
The DACA Decision and Requiring Agencies to Turn 'Square Corners': Reading Reliance Interests into Immigration Law

In holding that the Trump administration's rescission of President Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program impermissibly cut corners, the Supreme Court prompted a robust debate on the interaction of administrative and immigration law. Chief Justice Roberts's opinion for the Court in Dep't of Homeland Security v. Regents of the Univ. of California centered on the reliance interests of DACA recipients, who study, work, care for their families, and serve in the military. This Article locates Regents in a tradition of executive branch stewardship over intending Americans that dates back to the Founding Era. Stewardship requires consistency and equitable balancing, including synergy between expectations and the public interest. In Regents, Chief Justice Roberts found consistency lacking in the differences between DHS's 2017 and 2018 explanations for ending DACA. Applying administrative law's Chenery doctrine, Chief Justice Roberts considered only the 2017 version and found that DHS had not fulfilled its "responsibility" to expressly deliberate about DACA recipients' expectations and alternatives to an outright rescission. Chief Justice Roberts's skepticism about agency rationales echoed his view in the 2019 census case that the Commerce Department's rationale for asking a citizenship question was "pretextual." Requiring more careful deliberation from DHS in Regents, Chief Justice Roberts cited DACA recipients' contributions to American economic and social well-being. In dissent, Justices Thomas and Kavanaugh asserted that the majority had required too much of DHS. Justice Kavanaugh argued that Chief Justice Roberts's reading of the Chenery doctrine was too broad. Justice Thomas argued that DACA was too large a program to fit within the Immigration and Nationality Act's carefully crafted framework. The Article assesses these cogent arguments, but ultimately concludes that Chief Justice Roberts was correct that DHS's 2017 explanation did not adequately weigh the reliance interests involved in the DACA rescission.
Units for Magnetic Quantities

The centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system of units was adopted by the pioneers of electromagnetism in the nineteenth century. By the early twentieth century, two limitations of the CGS system became apparent: its inability to gracefully incorporate the electrical units common in engineering and inconvenient factors of 4π in electromagnetic equations. Giovanni Giorgi was most responsible for the development of the rationalized meter-kilogram-second-ampere system, which evolved into the International System of Units (SI). In 2019, the SI was redefined in terms of seven defining constants of nature, which set the value of the elementary charge. A direct consequence is that the value of the magnetic constant, the permeability of vacuum, is no longer fixed in the SI. Some conversions from CGS electromagnetic units to SI units in an updated conversion table thus involve the redefined permeability of vacuum, whereas other conversions require only powers of 10 and factors of 4π. The effect on magnetism and magnetic measurements is more philosophical than practical.
Replication Processes in Human Memory and Learning

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the replication process in human memory and learning. It proposes a fairly general theory of simple verbal memory, describing its basic features and giving some of its implications. The theory has been developed primarily to give an account of the processes that generate many of the phenomena observed in experiments in short-term verbal memory; paired-associate learning, and the like. Other features of the theory are less explicit and their discussion is admittedly abbreviated. They are mentioned to suggest the potential generality of the conceptual system. The primary reason for the push-down stack assumption is that it conveniently leads to the further assumption that the probability of a correct response is independent of the number of replicas. These assumptions imply that the replica theory is an all-or-none theory in one important sense. At the time of test, an item either has at least one replica or has no replicas.
Abstract #LB-279: Differential impact of EpCAM on cancer invasion in barest and gastrointestinal cancers in association with altered AP-1 and C-myc transcriptional activity

EpCAM is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is overexpressed in the majority of epithelial cancers. However, the functional role of EpCAM in the process of neoplastic transformation remains unclear. The literature is inconsistent, with in vitro studies demonstrating that EpCAM expression is associated with either increased or decreased invasion depending on the cancer type. Further, EpCAM expression in primary tumor specimens as measured by immunohistochemistry is associated with either favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the cancer type. To study the role of EpCAM in cancer invasion in more detail, we manipulated EpCAM expression in loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies and demonstrate that EpCAM expression is directly correlated with invasion in breast cancer cells, and inversely correlated with invasion in gastrointestinal cancer cells. In parallel studies using luciferase-based pathway reporter constructs, we demonstrate that EpCAM expression is differentially associated with AP-1, Myc, and NF-KB transcriptional activity (increased in breast cancer cells, and decreased in gastrointestinal cancer cells). Finally, gene expression profiling and confirmatory real-time RT-PCR analyses demonstrate concomitant and differential alterations in the transcriptional activity of a number of several known AP-1 and Myc target genes involved in cancer invasion including EGFR, ARPC1B, DNMT1 and MMP1. Taken together, these data are the first demonstration that EpCAM expression can influence AP-1 and NF-KB transcriptional activity, and strongly suggest that the differential impact of EpCAM on cancer invasion is mediated through these transcriptional factors. These data also have important implications for the application of molecular therapies that are currently under development targeting EpCAM in epithelial carcinomas. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-279.
Increasing Retention in STEM: Results from a STEM Talent Expansion Program at the University of Memphis

MemphiSTEP is a five-year STEM Talent Expansion Program at the University of Memphis sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The project focuses on retention and persistence to graduation to increase the number of STEM majors and graduates. The project includes a range of student retention programs, including a Summer Mathematics Bridge Bootcamp, Networking Program, Research Award Program, Travel Award program and STEM Learning Communities; Results from the first four years of the project suggest that MemphiSTEP is making a positive impact on student retention and performance in STEM fields. Our data indicate that even after controlling for gender, race, and prior performance, STEM students taking part in MemphiSTEP activities are retained at higher rates and perform better than University of Memphis STEM students who have not participated in MemphiSTEP activities.
Quantum phase transition between the Z 2 spin liquid and valence bond crystals on a triangular lattice

We study the quantum phase transition between the ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquid and valence bond solid (VBS) orders on a triangular lattice. With a fully isotropic triangular lattice, the transition from a columnar or resonating-plaquette VBS order can either be first order or there could be two transitions with an intermediate phase. If the transition splits into two, then the ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquid will first experience a first-order $q=3$ Potts transition to a new nematic ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquid that breaks the $2\ensuremath{\pi}/3$ lattice rotation symmetry (but retain translation symmetry, unlike the VBS states). The second transition will then take this new nematic ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquid to a columnar or resonating-plaquette VBS state through a second-orderthree-dimensional (3D) $X{Y}^{*}$ transition. On a distorted triangular lattice, the degeneracy between some of the different columnar VBS orders is lifted, and the phase transition can reduce to a single 3D $X{Y}^{*}$ transition.
Helix formation by d(TA) oligomers: II. Analysis of the helix-coil transitions of linear and circular oligomers

Abstract An experimental study has been made of the factors determining the co-operativity of DNA melting, using two types of d(TA) oligomers (linear and circular) with the alternating base sequence… ATAT… The linear oligomers form open hairpin helices which melt chiefly from the open end. The circular oligomers form closed hairpin helices with a loop at each end and melt by enlarging the loops. Analysis of the melting curves for open hairpins (in 0.5 m -Na + , to avoid chainlength dependent electrostatic effects) yields γ, the equilibrium constant for closing the minimum-size loop: γ = 0.003. Interpretation of the equilibrium constant for loop closure is discussed; it can be expressed as the equilibrium constant for formation of an isolated base pair in a bimolecular reaction multiplied by the effective concentration of one base in the vicinity of the other, before the loop is closed. The effective concentration is related to loop size by the loop-weighting function. The melting curves of closed hairpin helices can be used to test the formulation of the loop-weighting function. The results show that for small DNA loops the loop-weighting function differs from that predicted by Jacobson & Stockmayer (1950) for long gaussian chains; the differences are of the type expected for short chains with hindered rotation. Although the closed hairpin helices contain two loops and the open hairpins have only one, nevertheless the closed hairpins are more stable. The reason is a large difference in the conformational entropies of the two random-chain forms: the open circle can assume only a fraction of the conformations available to the linear chain. Since the midpoint of the melting curve (the T m ) depends on the relative stability of helix to random chain, the helix formed by the circular oligomer has the higher T m . The T m values of the closed hairpins are higher than predicted by earlier theories: higher, in fact, than the T m of poly d(AT). The reason is that the minimum-size loops in a closed hairpin helix form more readily than use of the Jacobson-Stockmayer loop-weighting function would predict.
Improvement for scattering by a thin dielectric sheet using surface integral equation

A modified D-field surface integral equation (SIE),which can be easily solved by the method of moments (MoM) is given for scattering by a thin dielectric sheet (TDS). This new TDS integral equation takes both tangential and normal currents into account. In addition, surface charge is considered as well. Using both RWG and pulse basis functions, tangential and normal currents can be solved simultaneously. Numerical examples are compared to the Mie series and volume integral equation (VIE) solutions. Improvement and agreement are achieved by this new method, especially when the dielectric constant is low.
Shelf and/or Reduction and Containment Surgery

Hinge abduction occurs early in the fragmentation stage of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and should be suspected when abduction and internal rotation are lost. It can be confirmed by an AP radiograph in abduction and internal rotation in which the ossific nucleus is not covered by the acetabulum. An arthrogram can then yield greater information regarding the reversibility of the hinge abduction. Hinge abduction should be considered a contraindication to containment by redirectional pelvic or femoral varus osteotomy. However, good results have been reported with acetabular augmentation via shelf procedures or Chiari osteotomies. Valgus femoral osteotomies have also been beneficial in the treatment of the Legg-Calve-Perthes hip with hinge abduction.
The Ethnological Theory of Marcel Mauss

M ARCEL MAUSS is probably best known in the United States as the author of "Essai sur le don" (1925). His other work is less well known, and his position as a leading figure in French sociology for over half a century is largely ignored. Mauss recently died (1950), and, in keeping with a tradition of our society, it is now time to write about him. However, this paper is not intended to be an obituary, or what Mauss would have called "l'expression obligatoire des sentiments," nor will it deal primarily with Mauss' work in French sociology. Rather, the emphasis in this paper will be on those aspects of Mauss' work which have direct bearing on ethnological theory. Mauss was born in Epinal in 1872. He attended the University of Bordeaux, and studied philosophy under Durkheim, Alfred Espinas, and Hamelin. In 1895 he became an Agrg~e de Philosophie, and in 1900 joined the faculty of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes at the University of Paris (Lenoir 1950: 306). He assumed his first important teaching position in 1902 when he succeeded Leon Marillier as head of the course called "L'histoire des religions des peuples non-civilises." Mauss taught this course until 1930 at the ]Ecole Pratique des Hautes etudes, and after 1930 taught the same course at the College de France (Levy-Bruhl 1950: 318). Of greater significance, at least in terms of his influence on French ethnology, was Mauss' work at the Institut d'Ethnologie. This institution was founded at the University of Paris by Mauss, Paul Rivet, and L6vy-Bruhl in 1926, and Mauss taught and served as joint director at the Institut until 1939 (Levi-Strauss 1945: 510). While it is probably as a teacher that Mauss' influence was greatest, the courses that he taught and the way he taught them can only be understood in terms of his participation in another enterprise-the publication of the Annie sociologique. This journal was founded by Durkheim in 1898, and was dedicated to the promulgation of doctrines which have come to be known as French sociology. From the beginning Mauss was an integral member of the tightly knit group which published this journal, and after Durkheim's death (1917) it was Mauss who succeeded him as director. Other members of the original group included Paul Fauconnet, Henri Hubert, F. Simiand, Henri Beuchat, Maxime David, and Robert Hertz. As an indication of the close collaboration between the members of this group, it is worth noting that practically all of Mauss' early work was written in conjunction with another
Metastable Sessile Nanodroplets on Nanopatterned Surfaces

Small aqueous droplets on homogeneous surfaces surrounded by a reservoir of vapor are inherently unstable. Depending on the humidity, they keep evaporating and ultimately disappear or grow until they fully wet the surface under supersaturation. We are considering a system departing from this common picture. For nanoscale droplets sitting above hydrophilic patches on a heterogeneous surface, there can exist a range of supersaturated pressures at which the droplets maintain a stable volume, determined by the pertinent contact angle and the size of the patches. The region under the droplet perimeter controls the drop’s curvature. Vapor pressure rises along with increased curvature as soon as the drop extends into the hydrophobic area. The drop size may therefore remain stable when its base just covers the hydrophilic patch. The finite range of water–substrate interactions, however, blurs the boundaries between surface regions with different hydrophilicities; hence, the nanodrop contact angle varies with the ...