cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence de l'âge, de la taille de l'anévrysme et de l'état général du malade sur les possibilités de traitement endovasculaire des anévrysmes de l'aorte

Avant l'approbation par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) americaine d'endoprotheses plus larges (diametre du corps prothetique jusqu'a 36 mm), il a ete montre que les petits anevrysmes de l'aorte abdominale (AAA, diametre inferieur 5,5 cm) convenaient mieux au traitement endovasculaire (TE) que les AAA volumineux (diametre superieur ou egal a 5,5 cm). Le but de cette etude etait de preciser les modifications des possibilites de TE dues a l'utilisation d'endoprotheses de plus gros calibre chez des malades consecutifs non selectionnes. L'influence de l'âge, du diametre de l'anevrysme et de l'etat general des malades sur les possibilites de TE a egalement ete etudiee. Nous avons etudie 186 malades de sexe masculin adresses pour l'evaluation d'AAA non rompu qui ont eu un angioscanner avec reconstruction tridimensionnelle. Les caracteristiques morphologiques de l'AAA et du collet ont ete mesurees suivant les criteres de la Society for Vascular Surgery afin de determiner les possibilites de traitement endovasculaire. L'etat general du malade a ete apprecie en utilisant l'index de probabilite personnalise, un score valide pour les procedures de chirurgie vasculaire. Les possibilites d'EVAR ont ete determinees par l'anatomie du collet, la morphologie de l'artere iliaque et les angulations et tortuosites de l'ensemble de l'anevrysme aortique suivant l'experience du clinicien et la pratique actuelle. L'âge median de la cohorte etait de 72 ans (ecart interquartile (EIQ) 65-79 ans). Le diametre maximum median de l'AAA etait de 5,4 cm (EIQ 4,1-5,9). Le score median de capacite etait +7 (EIQ -7 a +14). La possibilite de TE pour les AAA volumineux a augmente significativement avec les endoprotheses les plus larges (35-63%, p
The relationship between strategic orientation, service innovation, and performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine how a firm's strategic orientation affects service innovation capability and the resulting impact on market performance.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was administered to supply chain executives. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among the following constructs: customer orientation, competitor orientation, cost orientation, service innovation, and market performance.Findings – Although the relationship between cost orientation and service innovation is not supported, the relationships between customer orientation and competitor orientation and service innovation are supported. Additionally, the relationship between service innovation and market performance is supported.Research limitations/implications – This study is one of a limited number of studies which has empirically addressed service innovation. Additional research is needed to address the impact of a firm's strategic orientation on product innovation capa...
Suppressed cell-mediated immunity in two adults with atopic dermatitis.

Summary.— Tests of immune function over a 12-month period in a young woman and a young man with life-long atopic dermatitis showed depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI) (delayed-type skin test unresponsiveness, inability to be sensitized to DNCB, diminished responsiveness of cultured lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin, enlarged subcutaneous lymph nodes without any cell-mediated immunopathology, but with the structure of a node involved in humoral antibody production). Direct immunofluorescence localized IgE in the germinal centres of these subcutaneous lymph nodes. No anti-immunoglobulin or anti-C3 complement fluorescent conjugates were localized in their involved or uninvolved skin. Cells corresponding to small-and medium-sized lymphocytes in concentrated peripheral leucocyte smears stained with FITC antiserum to human IgE. The woman's lymphocyte transformation suppression improved during a remission and relapsed during an exacerbation of the dermatitis.
Racial resegregation in a gentrified neighbourhood

Abstract Park Slope, Brooklyn is a gentrifying enclave of Brooklyn from which the minority enclave is being squeezed. It is an example of that curious phenomenon associated with gentrification in many U.S. cities, white reinvasion of a minority or an integrated neighbourhood.
The Multidimensionality of Trust: Applications in Collaborative Natural Resource Management

Despite the long-recognized importance of trust in the natural resources management literature, few have drawn upon the breadth of other disciplines' investigations of trust to inform their work. This article represents an effort to break down the concept of trust into its component parts in an attempt to reorganize trust theory in a robust and practical way for collaborative natural resource management. We describe four forms of trust relevant to collaborative (and other forms of) natural resource management: dispositional trust, rational trust, affinitive trust, and procedural trust. By delineating different forms of trust, their antecedents, and their potential consequences for collaborative natural resource management, we aim to provide a useful and consistent lexicon and framework for use by researchers and practitioners in the human dimensions of natural resource management.
STUDIES ON THE PERMEABILITY OF MEMBRANES IV. VARIATIONS OF TRANSFER NUMBERS WITH THE DRIED COLLODION MEMBRANE PRODUCED BY THE ELECTRIC CURRENT.

The transfer number of Cl in a KCl solution within the pores of a dried collodion membrane is always lower than 0.5. It depends on the concentration of the solution and decreases in general with decreasing concentration. However, the transfer number for any given KCl concentration has the significance of a definite and constant figure only when an infinitely small amount of coulombs is allowed to pass through the system. For finite durations of electric transfer experiments a polarization effect will always change the original transfer number. This polarization consists in an accumulation of the salt at the one boundary and a diminution at the other boundary of the membrane. Again, as the transfer number strongly depends on concentration, this change in concentration will bring about in its turn a gradual change in the transfer number too. It is shown under what conditions the transfer numbers for the anion as obtained by electic transfer experiments are higher or lower than the ones expected without polarization effect. Thus, by changing the character and magnitude of the force driving the ions across the membranes, and according to the history of previous treatment of the membrane, the whole character of what we may call the specific permeablity for ions of the membrane may be varied without any substantial change of the membrane itself concerning its structure, its chemical composition, or its pore size. Contemplation of the results obtained in this series of experiments in the light of the theoretical considerations just outlined has impressed us with the fallacy of speaking of the definite permeability of any type of membrane for electrolytes. The behavior of the membrane toward the passage of electrolytes depends on a variety of conditions. It may be recalled that different investigators have reported widely varying results concerning the permeability of certain physiological membranes for electrolytes. Such experiments as have been described in this paper may lead to an understanding of some of the factors responsible for such variations. We are aware that the collodion membrane in its simplicity is scarcely comparable to the extremely complicated biological membranes. Nevertheless any attempts to understand better the behavior of biological membranes may wisely begin with a study of the simplest prototypes.
Ethnicizing the subject: domestic violence and the politics of primordialism in Kazakhstan

This article examines how people understand domestic violence through primordialist notions of ethnicity in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Drawing on fieldwork among police victim advocates and Muslim activists I examine how these groups ethnically frame or ethnicize the topic of domestic violence its victims and perpetrators as well as its root causes and possible remedies. From explaining away ineffective policing to blaming past imperialism I show how ethnicizing violence has political significance for these different stakeholders whose assertions about gender behaviour and the function of the law compete with one another in a multi-ethnic states transition from communism. I also discuss not only how these disparate identity positionings serve as local explanations and/or solutions but also how they may inevitably contribute to concealing the problem. (authors)
'Upon this Rock': Matthew 16.18 and the Aramaic Evidence

In the Greek text of Mt. 16.18 Peter's name is Πέτρος, while the 'rock' is Πέτρα. Many have assumed an Aramaic substratum to the text whereby the same Aramaic term ﬤ'פﬡ underlies both Greek words. An alternate view posits that while ﬤ'פﬡ lies behind Πέτρα, a different Aramaic term was most likely rendered by Πέτρα. This article examines the Aramaic and Syriac evidence afresh and at the same time proposes a methodology for studying such issues. It concludes that ﬤ'פﬡ is a strong candidate for an original Aramaic background for Πέτρα.
Micro-electrolytic iodination of polypeptide hormones.

Abstract In previous reports we described the preparation of a biologically active 125 I-labeled bovine parathyroid hormone by constant voltage electrolysis. This procedure required quantities of hormone (200 μg or greater) far in excess of the amounts required for radioimmunoassay, metabolic or receptor binding studies. This report describes a constant voltage microelectrolytic 125 I-labeling procedure and applies it to the iodination of 5–50 μg quantities of polypeptide hormones (synthetic salmon calcitonin, porcine glucagon, dog growth hormone, bovine growth hormone, bovine lutenizing hormone, bovine parathyroid hormone and bovine thyroid stimulating hormone). The electrolytic technique avoids exposure of the hormones to oxidizing agents which damage hormones and alter their biological and immunological activity. The labeled hormones showed no apparent damage by chromatoelectropheresis or polyacrylamide gel filtration and all of the labeled hormones tested were either biologically or immunologically active. Finally, this simple, mild, and rapid micro-electrolytic iodination technique is highly reproducible, yields a high degree of iodination and allows for the preparation of either high or low specific activity labeled hormone molecules.
Solid state voltammetry of electroactive solutes in polyethylene oxide polymer films on microelectrodes

Resultats d'etudes, par voltammetrie cyclique, du comportement electrochimique de 2 couples redox modeles ([Ru(vbpy) 3 ](PF 6 ) 2 avec vbpy=vinyl-4 methyl-4' bipyridine-2,2', et tetramethylphenylenediamine)
Employment Characteristics, Course Satisfaction and Academic Performance of College Students:

Summary.-This study examined the role of course satisfaction in correlations between academic performance and three characteristics of employment: employment status, kind of employment, and job's relevance to major. Data were obtained from 320 students by questionnaires. A stratified (by sex, major and class standing), random-sampling technique was used to obtain data from junior and senior full-time students at a state university. Academic performance was measured by semester's grade point average, employment status by working hours per week, kind of employment by reported job title, job's relevance to major by perceived relevance of the present job to academic major. and course satisfaction by self-evaluation of general feeling toward course work. Analysis indicates that satisfaction exerts differential effects on the academic grades of srudents with differing employment characteristics. Given changing social, economic and school conditions, increasing numbers of students are gainfully employed while attending college. But how does employment affect other aspects of the students' college life, particularly their academic performance? Earlier studies generally show that there is no significant relation between working hours per week and academic performance (Trueblood, 1957; Anderson, 1966; Henry, 1967), while later ones generally indicate that working hours do affect academic performance (Hay, 1969; Evans & Lindsay, 1970; Ma & Wooster, 1979). Students working more than 15 hours per week usually earned lower GPAs than those not working or those working fewer hours. A few studies also indicated that students with jobs related to their majors and that students working in white collar jobs tend to achieve beaer GPAs than those in blue collar jobs (Mills, 1978; Ma & Wooster, 1979). These studies, however, have not controlled for course satisfaction. Although course satisfaction has been statistically related to educational performance, retention, dropping, and many other aspects of college behavior (Betz, Klingensmith, & Menne, 1970; Betz, Menne, & Starr, 1971; Starr, Betz, & Menne, 1972; Morstain, 1977; Aitken, 1982), its role in the employment/academic performance relationship has not been studied. There is little information regarding the effect of course satisfaction on major employment characteristics and academic performance. This study examined these possible effects.
Developmental Control of N-CAM Expression by Hox and Pax Gene Products

A mounting body of evidence suggests that cell—cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play critical roles in morphogenetic patterning. Perturbations of CAM binding can lead to altered tissue pattern and interruption of tissue interactions can lead to altered patterns of CAM expression. These observations focus attention on the factors responsible for the place-dependent expression of adhesion molecules such as N-CAM, the neural cell adhesion molecule. Our recent experiments in vitro indicate that transcription factors encoded by Hox and Pax genes bind to specific DNA sequences in the N-CAM promoter and activate that promoter. In particular, a region of the N-CAM promoter designated the homeodomain binding site (HBS) interacts with a variety of different homeodomain proteins. A different region of the N-CAM promoter binds to the paired domain of Pax proteins. These transcription factors differentially regulate the N-CAM gene. Such in vitro studies suggest that the N-CAM gene may be an in vivo target for homeobox and Pax gene products. Recent experiments on transgenic mice carrying normal and mutated segments of the N-CAM promoter linked to a lacZ reporter gene suggest that the N-CAM regulation observed in vitro actually has counterparts in vivo . The significance of these observations is that they connect gene products capable of morphoregulation (such as CAMs) to pattern-forming genes.
Anelasticity and Transient Creep in NaMgF3 Perovskite at High Pressure

Abstract Mechanical oscillation experiments of polycrystalline NaMgF 3 perovskite were carried out at high pressure and temperatures across the orthorhombic to cubic phase boundary. Stress and strain of the sample were measured during the oscillations using X-ray diffraction. The accompanying attenuation and softening of the Young’s modulus peak near the phase boundary. The applied uniaxial stress induces flips the sample between the twin states of the perovskite. For grains oriented parallel to the unique stress axis, the twin state oscillates between (2 0 0) and (0 2 0) orientation, while the grains oriented parallel to radial stress axis align with the (1 1 2) twin state. The induced plastic strain in the polycrystal due to the ferroelastic effect is about 25% of the spontaneous strain. This implies, for the Earth’s lower mantle, that viscous flow of 1% strain can be accommodated by ferroelastic processes.
Performance of nitrile-containing anions in task-specific ionic liquids for improved CO2/N2 separation

Abstract This work explores the performance of a series of ionic liquids that incorporate a nitrile-containing anion paired to 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations in tailoring the selectivity and permeance of supported ionic liquid membranes for CO 2 /N 2 separations. The permeance and selectivity of three ionic liquids, each with an increasing number of nitrile groups in the anion (i.e., two, three, and four), were measured using a non-steady-state permeation method. By predictably varying the molar volume and viscosity of the ionic liquids, we show that the solubility, selectivity, and permeance can be optimized for CO 2 /N 2 separation through controlled introduction of the nitrile functionality into the anion. Of the three nitrile-based ionic liquids studied, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, [emim][B(CN) 4 ], showed the highest permeance with a value of 2.55 × 10 −9 mol/(m 2 Pa s), a magnitude 30% higher than that of the popular ionic liquid [emim][Tf 2 N]. This same nitrile-bearing ionic liquid also exhibited a high CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of approximately 53. Additionally, the carbon dioxide solubility for each ionic liquid was measured at room temperature with [emim][B(CN) 4 ] again exhibiting the highest CO 2 solubility. Results from our study of the nitrile-based ionic liquids can be rationalized in terms of regular solution theory wherein the selectivity and permeance of a given SILM system are largely determined by the molar volume and viscosity of the corresponding ionic liquid phase.
Sweeteners and Risk of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

Temporal patterns over the past three to four decades have shown a close parallel between the rise in added sugar intake and the global obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemics. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which include the full spectrum of soft drinks, fruit drinks, energy and vitamin water drinks, are composed of naturally derived caloric sweeteners such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, or fruit juice concentrates. Collectively they are the largest contributor to added sugar intake in the US diet. Over the past 10 years a number of large observational studies have found positive associations between SSB consumption and long-term weight gain and development of T2D and related metabolic conditions. Experimental studies provide insight into potential biological mechanisms and illustrate that intake of SSBs increases T2D and cardiovascular risk factors. SSBs promote weight gain by incomplete compensation of liquid calories and contribute to increased risk of T2D not only through weight gain, but also independently through glycemic effects of consuming large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars and metabolic effects of fructose.
Studies of the interactions of H2 and CO with silica- and lanthana-supported palladium

Abstract The interactions of H 2 and CO with Pd SiO 2 , Pd La 2 O 3 , and lanthana-promoted Pd SiO 2 have been investigated using temperature-programmed desorption and temperature-programmed surface reaction. These studies reveal that in the presence of lanthana, a portion of the lanthana in close contact with the Pd particles undergoes reduction to form LaO x moieties. These species cause a reduction in the absolute magnitude of H 2 and CO adsorption, as well as a change in the distribution of adstates. The latter effect is relatively small for H 2 but is quite significant for CO, for which it is found that adsorption into strongly bound states is suppressed more extensively than adsorption into weakly bound states. The LaO x moieties also facilitate the dissociation of CO, a key step in CO methanation and, as a consequence, the synthesis of CH 4 over Pd La 2 O 3 and lanthana-promoted Pd SiO 2 is much more rapid than that over Pd SiO 2 . The change in the distribution of adsorbed H 2 and CO under synthesis conditions, brought about by LaO x , also contributes to the higher selectivity of the lanthana-containing catalysts for methanol synthesis.
Kinetic theory of non-equilibrium fluids

Abstract A survey of the kinetic theory of transport phenomena in simple fluids is presented. The Chapman-Enskog solution of the Boltzmann equation for dilute gases, the Enskog theory for dense gases, and the current theory for moderately dense gases are discussed. Next, a critique of the Green-Kubo formulae for the transport coefficients is presented. After a discussion of the long time tail contributions to the transport coefficients, recent computer simulations of dense fluids under very severe strain rates or high frequencies are compared with present theory.
Formation of general fullerenes by their projection on a honeycomb lattice.

We propose the use of a projection method based on a honeycomb lattice to enhance the geometrical understanding of general fullerenes. An arbitrary fullerene consisting of pentagonal and hexagonal arrangements of carbon atoms is completely specified by the distribution of twelve pentagonal defects on an otherwise hexagonal honeycomb lattice. Utilizing this projection method, we demonstrate the geometric specification of icosahedral hyperfullerenes and general chiral fullerene tubules suitably capped on each end.
Pitfalls in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy; a correlative study of 200 autopsied patients.

The electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy is uncertain at best and is largely based on useful clues. Reliance on the presence or absence of abnormally high QRS voltage or any of the other presently accepted criteria may lead to error. The author undertook evaluation of the reliability of the various electrocardiographic criteria, of left ventricular hypertrophy in a study correlating electrocardiographic and postmortem findings.
TH‐A‐213A‐02: Noninvasive Monitoring of Brain Tumor Therapy

Monitoring the efficacy of braintumor therapy is a clinical dilemma. Results of biopsy provide the most reliable indicator but biopsy is too invasive for frequent use. The clinical standard of practice is to perform serial magnetic resonance scans and to assess changes to tumor “size” as seen on gadolinium enhanced images, with “size” measured in one, two, or three dimensions. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the three measurement methods as well as some of the effects of voxel size on the calculation. Problems inherent to the use of gadolinium enhanced images include the effect of steroids and the confounding appearance of radiation necrosis. The limitations of the approach have led multiple groups to explore alternative methods of assessing tumor activity. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the clinical standard of practice of monitoring braintumor therapy from T1 gadolinium enhanced images and its strengths/weaknesses. 2. Understand some of the different experimental approaches, often involving different image types, to assessing tumor activity.
An Impossibility Theorem for Allocation Aggregation

Among the many sorts of problems encountered in decision theory, allocation problems occupy a central position. Such problems call for the assignment of a nonnegative real number to each member of a finite (more generally, countable) set of entities, in such a way that the values so assigned sum to some fixed positive real number s. Familiar cases include the problem of specifying a probability mass function on a countable set of possible states of the world (s=1), and the distribution of a certain sum of money, or other resource, among various enterprises. In determining an s-allocation it is common to solicit the opinions of more than one individual, which leads immediately to the question of how to aggregate their typically differing allocations into a single “consensual” allocation. Guided by the traditions of social choice theory (in which the aggregation of preferential orderings, or of utilities is at issue) decision theorists have taken an axiomatic approach to determining acceptable methods of allocation aggregation. In such approaches so-called “independence” conditions have been ubiquitous. Such conditions dictate that the consensual allocation assigned to each entity should depend only on the allocations assigned by individuals to that entity, taking no account of the allocations that they assign to any other entities. While there are reasons beyond mere simplicity for subjecting allocation aggregation to independence, this radically anti-holistic stricture has frequently proved to severely limit the set of acceptable aggregation methods. As we show in what follows, the limitations are particularly acute in the case of three or more entities which must be assigned nonnegative values summing to some fixed positive number s. For if the set V⊆[0,s] of values that may be assigned to these entities satisfies some simple closure conditions and (as is always the case in practice) Vis finite, then independence allows only for dictatorial or imposed (i.e., constant) aggregation. This theorem builds on and extends a theorem of Bradley and Wagner (Episteme, 9, 91–99 2012) and, when V={0,1}, yields as a corollary an impossibility theorem of Dietrich (Journal of Economic Theory, 126, 286–298 2006) on judgment aggregation.
Fleet of satellites and ground‐based instruments probes the Sun‐Earth System

Space physicists are embarking on a new voyage of discovery of both the inner and outer frontiers of the chain of processes that connects the Sun with the Earth and the other planets. With the successful launch of the POLAR satellite on February 24, 1996, all the elements of the long-awaited Global Geospace Science (GGS) program are in place. GGS is the first phase of an exciting NASA science initiative called the Solar Connections Program, and it is also the primary contribution of the United States to the International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Program.
The Conditioned Reflex in Cerebral Processing: Aggregated Information Processes form Elements in a Model of Simple Learning

Interactions between two information processing systems provide the basis for a model intended to account for development and extinction of the Pavlovian conditioned reflex. One system, with no learning capacity, selects among information inputs relating to drive levels, and regulates the relationships that the second system can develop and store. Information within the model is conveyed by modification of random activity, the coherence of the information being dependent on the level of the random background, which also governs arousal. The second system has available a repertoire of discrete signals and actions, the relationships between which are controlled by adjustment of coherence and by general facilitation and inhibition. Storage of relationships is considered to be a two-stage process involving temporary engrams that gain permanence with increasing coherence, typically as a result of cumulative effects at stable operating points.
Flight Results of Vision-Based Navigation for Autonomous Spacecraft Inspection of Unknown Objects

This paper describes a vision-based relative navigation and control strategy for inspecting an unknown, noncooperative, and possibly spinning object in space using a visual–inertial system that is designed to minimize the computational requirements while maintaining a safe relative distance. The proposed spacecraft inspection system relies solely on a calibrated stereo camera and a three-axis gyroscope to maintain a safe inspection distance while following a circular trajectory around the object. The navigation system is based on image processing algorithms, which extract the relative position and velocity between the inspector and the object, and a simple control approach is used to ensure that the desired range and bearing are maintained throughout the inspection maneuver. The hardware implementation details of the system are provided. Computer simulation results and experiments conducted aboard the International Space Station during Expedition 34 are reported to demonstrate the performance and applicab...
The Threat of Nuclear War: Risk Interpretation and Behavioral Response

This study examines the psychological antecedents of behavioral responses to the threat of nuclear war. Two groups known to have responded behaviorally to the threat of nuclear war—nuclear freeze activists and survivalists—are compared to a sample of members of the general public. The influence of four types of psychological antecedents was explored. The antecedents studied were: judgments of risk, efficacy judgments, attributions of causality and moral responsibility, and general political orientations. The results suggest that citizens' behaviors in response to the threat of war are influenced by rational factors, i.e., by judgments of the potential efficacy of actions and by judgments of their potential causal role in preventing war. In addition, judgments concerning citizens' moral responsibility for preventing war exercise an independent effect upon behavior. These results suggest the importance of exploring citizens' psychological interpretations of social and political events as a means of understanding behavioral reactions to those events.
A Novel Image Processing Algorithm for Enhancing the Probability of Detection of Flaws in X-Ray Images

Application of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques in x-ray radiography is a field that is gaining a rapidly growing interest. Dealing with digital x-ray images and enhancing these images using DSP techniques allow the automation of x-ray inspection, which offers several advantages over the traditional film-based inspection. These advantages include reducing the inspection time and cost requirements, obtaing a consistent decision regarding the integrity of the object under test, and allowing the use of real-time inspection [1]. Typically processing of x-ray images to detect and size flaws involves edge detection. In this paper, we primarily focus on an image processing algorithm that is based on a new Gaussian weighted image moment vector edge operator. Application of this operator enhances image edges and suppresses the noise, which results in a significant improvement in the probability of detection of flaws in x-ray images.
Examination of the role of ion size in determining double layer properties on the basis of a generalized mean spherical approximation

Abstract A new model for the diffuse double layer which accounts for the effects of ion size and solution permittivity is described. It is then used to estimate the potential drop across the diffuse layer at negative charge densities for the cases that Li + and Cs + are the electrolyte cations. The potential drop in the Li + system is considerably smaller than that in the Cs + system at 1 M, and both values are smaller than the value predicted by the Gouy–Chapman model. As the electrolyte concentration decreases these differences become smaller so that at 0.01 M, the present model predicts that the diffuse layer potential drop is approximately 90% of the Gouy–Chapman estimate. The results of the model are used to examine the differences in inner layer structure at mercury electrodes with Li + and Cs + ions at the outer Helmholtz plane, and to reconsider the question of the specific adsorption of Cs + at negative-charge densities.
An example of indeterminacy in classical dynamics

The case of a particle moving along a nonsmooth constraint under the action of uniform gravity is presented as an example of indeterminacy in a classical situation. The indeterminacy arises from certain initial conditions having non-unique solutions and is due to a failure of the Lipschitz condition at the corresponding points in the phase space of the equation of motion.
All Dact (Dapper/Frodo) scaffold proteins dimerize and exhibit conserved interactions with Vangl, Dvl, and serine/threonine kinases

Background: The Dact family of scaffold proteins was discovered by virtue of binding to Dvl proteins central to Wnt and Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signaling. Subsequently Dact proteins have been linked to a growing list of potential partners implicated in b-catenin-dependent and b-catenin-independent forms of Wnt and other signaling. To clarify conserved and non-conserved roles for this protein family, we systematically compared molecular interactions of all three murine Dact paralogs by co-immunoprecipitation of proteins recombinantly expressed in cultured human embryonic kidney cells. Results: Every Dact paralog readily formed complexes with the Vangl, Dvl, and CK1δ/e proteins of species ranging from fruit flies to humans, as well as with PKA and PKC. Dact proteins also formed complexes with themselves and with each other; their conserved N-terminal leucine-zipper domains, which have no known binding partners, were necessary and sufficient for this interaction, suggesting that it reflects leucine-zipper-mediated homo- and heterodimerization. We also found weaker, though conserved, interactions of all three Dact paralogs with the catenin superfamily member p120ctn. Complex formation with other previously proposed partners including most other catenins, GSK3, LEF/TCF, HDAC1, and TGFb receptors was paralog-specific, comparatively weak, and/or more sensitive to empirical conditions. Conclusions: Combined with published functional evidence from targeted knock-out mice, these data support a conserved role for Dact proteins in kinase-regulated biochemistry involving Vangl and Dvl. This strongly suggests that a principal role for all Dact family members is in the PCP pathway or a molecularly related signaling cascade in vertebrates.
High-Level Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac and Cadherin Genotype in Pink Bollworm

Resistance to transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac is linked with three recessive alleles of a cadherin gene in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), a major cotton pest. Here, we analyzed a strain (MOV97-R) with a high frequency of cadherin resistance alleles, a high frequency of resistance to 10 μg of Cry1Ac per milliliter of diet, and an intermediate frequency of resistance to 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml of diet. We selected two strains for increased resistance by exposing larvae from MOV97-R to diet with 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml of diet. In both selected strains, two to three rounds of selection increased survival at 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml of diet to at least 76%, indicating genetic variation in survival at this high concentration and yielding >4,300-fold resistance relative to a susceptible strain. Variation in cadherin genotype did not explain variation in survival at 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml of diet, implying that one or more other loci affected survival at this concentration. This conclusion was confirmed with results showing that when exposure to Cry1Ac stopped, survival at 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml of diet dropped substantially, but survival at 10 μg Cry1Ac per ml of diet remained close to 100% and all survivors had two cadherin resistance alleles. Although survival at 1,000 μg of Cry1Ac per ml of diet is not required for resistance to Bt cotton, understanding how genes other than cadherin confer increased survival at this high concentration may reveal novel mechanisms of resistance.
Recurrence times and pointwise lower bounds in data compression

Let {X/sub t/} be a stationary ergodic process with values in a finite alphabet /spl Xscr/. For s/spl les/t let X/sub s//sup t/=(X/sub s/,...,X/sub t/). The first recurrence time of X/sup k/=(X/sub 0/,...,X/sub k-l/ is defined as the number of shifts back until X/sup k/ appears again. We give a simple proof using a lemma developed by Algoet and Cover (1985) to prove the asymptotic optimality of log-optimum selections in convex families.
Interpretation of seismic reflection profiling data for the structure of the San Andreas fault zone

Abstract A seismic reflection profile crossing the San Andreas fault zone in central California was conducted in 1978. Results are complicated by the extreme lateral heterogeneity and low velocities in the fault zone. Other evidence for severe lateral velocity change across the fault zone lies in hypocenter bias and nodal plane distortion for earthquakes on the fault. Conventional interpretation and processing methods for reflection data are hard-pressed in this situation. Using the inverse ray method of May and Covey (1981), with an initial model derived from a variety of data and the impedance contrasts inferred from the preserved amplitude stacked section, an iterative inversion process yields a velocity model which, while clearly nonunique, is consistent with the various lines of evidence on the fault zone structure .
Conflict, security, and political risk: International business in challenging times

Journal of International Business Studies (2010) 41, 759–764. doi:10.1057/jibs.2010.11 Scholars and policymakers have expressed a longstanding interest in the relationship between the global economy and political conflict. More recently, attention has begun shifting to the role that terrorism plays in international business. Both sets of issues have sparked heated disagreement. Whereas various observers have argued that the growth of international economic exchange promotes peace, others contend that heightened economic interdependence can contribute to the degradation of interstate relations through acts of terrorism by non-state actors and spur interstate conflict. Yet others doubt that any systematic relationship exists between economic exchange and political hostilities. An initial wave of empirical research has found support for the argument that heightened international commerce fosters cooperation, at least as a mean tendency. The second wave of this research has begun to unpack the country-level, sector-level, and firm-level contingencies that affect the strength and nature of the relationship between conflict and economic exchange (Mansfield & Pollins, 2001). The four papers in this Special Issue are part of a nascent body of scholarship exploring these issues in the context of international business (IB).
Childhood and adolescent resiliency, regulation, and executive functioning in relation to adolescent problems and competence in a high-risk sample.

This study first examined the respective relations of resiliency and reactive control with executive functioning. It then examined the relationship of these different domains to the development of academic and social outcomes, and to the emergence of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior in adolescence. Resiliency and reactive control were assessed from preschool to adolescence in a high-risk sample of boys and girls (n = 498) and then linked to component operations of neuropsychological executive functioning (i.e., response inhibition, interference control, fluency, working memory/set-shifting, planning, and alertness), assessed in early and late adolescence. Consistent, linear relations were found between resiliency and executive functions (average r = .17). A curvilinear relationship was observed between reactive control and resiliency, such that resiliency was weaker when reactive control was either very high or very low. In multivariate, multilevel models, executive functions contributed to academic competence, whereas resiliency and interference control jointly predicted social competence. Low resiliency, low reactive control, and poor response inhibition uniquely and additively predicted internalizing problem behavior, whereas low reactive control and poor response inhibition uniquely predicted externalizing problem behavior. Results are discussed in relation to recent trait models of regulation and the scaffolded development of competence and problems in childhood and adolescence.This work was supported by NIAAA Grant R01-AA12217 to Robert Zucker and Joel Nigg, NIAAA Grant R37-AA07065 to Robert Zucker and Hiram Fitzgerald, and NIMH Grant R01-MH59105 to Joel Nigg. We are indebted to the families and staff who made the study possible.
Pointing with the eyes: Gaze estimation using a static/active camera system and 3D iris disk model

The ability to capture the direction the eyes point in while the subject is a distance away from the camera offers the potential for intuitive human-computer interfaces, allowing for a greater interactivity, more intelligent HCI behavior, and increased flexibility. In this paper, we present a two-camera system that detects the face from a fixed, wide-angle camera, estimates a rough location for the eye region using an eye detector based on topographic features, and directs another active pan-tilt-zoom camera to focus in on this eye region. We also propose a novel eye gaze estimation approach for point-of-regard (PoG) tracking on a large viewing screen. To allow for greater head pose freedom, we developed a new calibration approach to find the 3D eyeball location, eyeball radius, and fovea position. Moreover, we map both the iris center and iris contour points to the eyeball sphere (creating a 3D iris disk) to get the optical axis; we then rotate the fovea accordingly and compute our final, visual axis gaze direction. We intend to integrate this gaze estimation approach with our two-camera system, permitting natural, non-intrusive, pose-invariant PoG estimation in distance and allowing user translational freedom without resorting to infrared or complex hardware setups such as stereo-cameras or “smart rooms.”
Open Source Health Intelligence (OSHINT) for Foodborne Illness Event Characterization

Social media presents publicly available and accessible information about individual, real-time activity that can be leveraged to detect, monitor, and respond to events. We are developing a cloud-based Open Source Health Intelligence (OSHINT) system that uses open source media outlets to characterize foodborne illness events in real-time. OSHINT forecasts response requirements for efficient use of resources. OSHINT currently characterizes number of victims ill, hospitalized, and dead due to foodborne illness events and was used to characterize the national 2012 Salmonella event related to cantaloupes. The OSHINT team is continually developing and refining characterization and forecasting algorithms.
Coding, analysis, interpretation, and recognition of facial expressions

We describe a computer vision system for observing facial motion by using an optimal estimation optical flow method coupled with geometric, physical and motion-based dynamic models describing the facial structure. Our method produces a reliable parametric representation of the face's independent muscle action groups, as well as an accurate estimate of facial motion. Previous efforts at analysis of facial expression have been based on the facial action coding system (FACS), a representation developed in order to allow human psychologists to code expression from static pictures. To avoid use of this heuristic coding scheme, we have used our computer vision system to probabilistically characterize facial motion and muscle activation in an experimental population, thus deriving a new, more accurate, representation of human facial expressions that we call FACS+. Finally, we show how this method can be used for coding, analysis, interpretation, and recognition of facial expressions.
Corporate Usage of Social Media and Social Networking Services in the USA

Corporations and organizations in the United States have used social media and social networking services (SNS) in a variety of ways since the 1970s. The Internet, mobile communications, and smartphones have led to widespread adoption of social media for marketing, public relations, commerce, stakeholder management, and other corporate uses. Examples of best practice and poor performance are examined.
Immature endothelial cells initiate endothelin-mediated constriction of newborn arteries

Key points Endothelial expression and the release of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in levels sufficient to initiate vasoconstriction is considered to be a hallmark feature of pathological endothelial dysfunction. During the immediate postnatal period, arterial endothelial cells undergo remarkable structural and functional changes as they transition to a mature protective cell layer, which includes a marked increase in NO dilator activity. The present study demonstrates that endothelial cells lining newborn central arteries express high levels of ET-1 peptides and, in response to endothelial stimulation, rapidly release ET-1 and initiate powerful ET-1-mediated constriction. This activity is lost as the endothelium matures in the postnatal period. Heightened activity of ET-1 in the neonatal endothelium might contribute to inappropriate responses of immature arteries to stress or injury. Indeed, the immature endothelium resembles dysfunctional endothelial cells, and retention or re-emergence of this phenotype may contribute to the development of vascular disease. Abstract Endothelial cells lining fetal and newborn arteries have an unusual phenotype, including reduced NO activity, prominent actin stress fibres and poorly developed cellular junctions. Experiments were performed to determine whether the immature endothelium of newborn arteries also expresses and releases endothelin-1 (ET-1) and initiates endothelium-dependent constriction. Carotid arteries were isolated from newborn (postnatal day 1; P1), postnatal day 7 (P7) and postnatal day 21 (P21) mice and assessed in a pressure myograph system. Endothelial stimulation with A23187 or thrombin caused constriction in P1 arteries, no significant change in diameter of P7 arteries, and dilatation in P21 arteries. In P1 arteries, constriction to thrombin or A23187 was inhibited by endothelial-denudation, by ET-1 receptor antagonists (BQ123 plus BQ788) or by inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme (phosphoramidon or SM19712). ET-1 receptor antagonism did not affect responses to thrombin or A23187 in more mature arteries. Exogenous ET-1 caused similar concentration-dependent constrictions of P1, P7 and P21 arteries. Endothelial stimulation with thrombin rapidly increased the endothelial release of ET-1 from P1 but not P21 aortas. Endothelial expression of ET-1 peptides, as assessed by immunofluorescence analysis, was increased in P1 compared to P21 arteries. Therefore, newborn endothelial cells express high levels of ET-1 peptides, rapidly release ET-1 in response to endothelial stimulation, and initiate ET-1-mediated endothelium-dependent constriction. This activity is diminished as the endothelium matures in the immediate postnatal period. Heightened activity of ET-1 in neonatal endothelium probably reflects an early developmental role of the peptide, although this might contribute to inappropriate responses of immature arteries to stress or injury.
An artifact in the use of brain stimulation with shock-motivated behavior

The effects of continuous electrostimulation (ICS) of the septal area on passive-avoidance behavior were investigated under conditions in which grid-shock and [CS were either isolated or confounded. Such artifactual interactions can have major behavioral consequences. Brain stimulation induced by a grid-shock can effectively counteract the suppressive effects of the shock.
Evans Blue Dye and the Development of “Myogenic Tone” in Perfused Resistance Vessels

SummaryInjection of Evans blue into the perfusate of isolated resistance vessels results in a large, persistent increase in perfusion pressure in skeletal muscle arteries and only a minor increase in mesenteric arteries. The induction of tone is associated with an increase in response to bolus injections of calcium chloride. It is suggested that the dye exerts its effect by increasing cell membrane permeability to extracellular calcium.
Effect of Synthetic Lysine-Vasopressin on Plasma Hydrocortisone Levels in Man

Summary1. In man, the intravenous injection of synthetic lysine-vasopressin causes a rise in plasma hydrocortisone concentration comparable to that following the intravenous administration of Pitressin. The effect of the latter is therefore not due to impurities. 2. The pressor effect of synthetic vasopressin is of the same order as that noted following the injection of Pitressin.