cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Reply: Eosinophilic esophagitis.

Readers comment on enterovirus D-68 (January 2015), eosinophilic esophagitis (February 2015), the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (February 2015), and alcoholic hepatitis (March 2015).
The social consequences of a natural/technological disaster: evidence from Louisiana and Mississippi

ABSTRACTDisaster scholarship shows that people’s relationships stay the same or improve after natural disasters and become worse after technological, or human-induced, events. Using the case of Katrina, this research explores what happens to people’s relationships after a disaster that began with a catastrophic natural event and was followed by numerous failures in the way human institutions responded to the event. Through an analysis of survey data collected in devastated areas of Louisiana and Mississippi in 2008, this study tests how consequences of both natural (damage to the home and having to leave the home) and technological events (distrust in government, stress, concern about toxic exposure, and pursuing litigation) affect people’s relationships with family members and community groups. Damage to the home, distrust in government, and the pursuit of litigation lead to declines in people’s relationships. These experiences are more likely to change intimate relationships (with family) than relations...
Free Torsional Vibrations of Suspension Bridges

A generalized theory of free torsional vibration for a wide class of suspension bridges with double lateral systems is developed, taking into account warping of the bridge deck cross section and the effect of torsional rigidity of the towers. The analysis is based on a linearized theory and on the use of the digital computer. A finite element approach is used to determine vibrational properties in torsion. Simplifying assumptions are made, and Hamilton's principle is used to derive the matrix equations of motion. The method is illustrated by numerical examples. The objective of the study is to clarify the torsional behavior of suspension bridges and to develop a method of determining a sufficient number of natural frequencies and mode shapes to enable an accurate practical analysis.
Interprofessional team interactions about complex care in the ICU: pilot development of an observational rating tool.

Background The awakening and breathing coordination, delirium, and early mobility (ABCDE) bundle is a multicomponent complex intervention that improves outcomes for critically ill adults yet is inconsistently implemented. Effective interprofessional team function (how the team interacts) is key to ABCDE delivery but little is known about how to measure team interactions. The purpose of our study was to examine the reliability of an observational rating tool to assess team interactions about ABCDE in one ICU.
COMPARISON OF THREE ALPHA 2-ANTAGONISTS, YOHIMBINE, TOLAZOLINE, OR ATIPAMEZOLE FOR REVERSING THE ANESTHETIC EFFECTS OF MEDETOMIDINE AND KETAMINE IN DA IRY CALVES

Yohimbine (0.25 mg/kg i.v.), tolazoline (2.2 μg/kg i.v.) or atipamezole (60 μg/kg i.v.) were given to 6 healthy, Holstein calves (156.8-241.1 kg) 30 min after anaesthesia with a combination (MK) of medetomidine (20 μg/kg i.v.) and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg i.v.) with an interval of 1 week between treatments. Heart and respiratory rates, indirect arterial blood pressures (systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), diastolic (DAP)), and arterial blood gases were measured. Calves became sternally recumbent in 2±14 s for a duration of 94±25 min after administration of MK. Respiratory rate, PaCO2 and arterial blood pressure were significantly increased while PaO2, pHa and SaO2 were significantly decreased during anaesthesia. The values for most of the blood gas variables returned to normal after administration of tolazoline and atipamezole. The duration of recumbency following administration of yohimbine, tolazoline, or atipamezole was 80±22, 46±9 and 34±3 min, respectively. Calves stood in 48±20, 16±9 and 4±3 min, respectively, after the injection of yohimbine, tolazoline and atipamezole. It was concluded that medetomidine and ketamine combination can be used effectively to induce anaesthesia in dairy calves. Either tolazoline or atipamezole can be administered to antagonize the anaesthetic effects and induce rapid recovery.
A compact, metamaterial beamformer designed through optimization

A compact, metamaterial-based antenna beam-former is presented. The design employs a new optimization technique that couples a custom finite-element method (FEM) electromagnetic solver to a constrained minimization algorithm. The optimization operates on a surrogate model of the beam-former composed of an inhomogeneous, anisotropic material. This technique is an alternative to transformation electromagnetics that offers improved flexibility and physical realizability. In particular, the technique offers device designs which transform stipulated input (incident) fields to prescribed output fields (with desired amplitude and phase distribution), while constraining the material parameters to realizable values.
Is diabetes prevalence higher among HIV-infected individuals compared with the general population? Evidence from MMP and NHANES 2009-2010.

Background Nationally representative estimates of diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence among HIV-infected adults in the USA are lacking, and whether HIV-infected adults are at increased risk of DM compared with the general adult population remains controversial. Methods We used nationally representative survey (2009–2010) data from the Medical Monitoring Project (n=8610 HIV-infected adults) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=5604 general population adults) and fit logistic regression models to determine and compare weighted prevalences of DM between the two populations, and examine factors associated with DM among HIV-infected adults. Results DM prevalence among HIV-infected adults was 10.3% (95% CI 9.2% to 11.5%). DM prevalence was 3.8% (CI 1.8% to 5.8%) higher in HIV-infected adults compared with general population adults. HIV-infected subgroups, including women (prevalence difference 5.0%, CI 2.3% to 7.7%), individuals aged 20–44 (4.1%, CI 2.7% to 5.5%), and non-obese individuals (3.5%, CI 1.4% to 5.6%), had increased DM prevalence compared with general population adults. Factors associated with DM among HIV-infected adults included age, duration of HIV infection, geometric mean CD4 cell count, and obesity. Conclusions 1 in 10 HIV-infected adults receiving medical care had DM. Although obesity contributes to DM risk among HIV-infected adults, comparisons to the general adult population suggest that DM among HIV-infected persons may develop at earlier ages and in the absence of obesity.
Recognition of Chronic Migraine by Medicine Trainees: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective Chronic migraine is a diagnosis that can be abstracted through the clinical history, although some providers may struggle in properly applying diagnostic criteria. We aimed to learn how well medicine trainees would be able to recognize the diagnostic criteria for chronic migraine and apply that medical knowledge to case vignettes illustrating different symptom interpretation strategies of the identical information. Methods An electronic, anonymous and multiple-choice response questionairre assessing selected trainee characteristics, headache case vignettes, and chronic migraine diagnostic criteria was distributed to all regional medicine program directors and coordinators in Kentucky and surrounding states. Program directors and coordinators could then individually decide whether or not they would forward to their trainees. The primary outcome measure was the frequency of chronic migraine recognition as a function of history style (ie, lumping versus splitting). Secondary outcome measures included recognition of chronic migraine diagnosis as a function of program affiliation (academic versus community), training year, gender, and recognition of ICHD-3 beta chronic migraine diagnostic criteria. Nominal variables were described as counts and percentages, and compared using chi-square tests. Statistical tests were considered to be two-sided and P ≤ .05 was considered to be statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using the JMP 11.0.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results Fifty-six medicine trainees completed the survey. Episodic migraine and chronic tension-type headache were correctly recognized by 85.7% and 96.4%, respectively. Chronic migraine was recognized by a greater proportion of trainees when the identical information was presented using a lumped versus split symptom interpretation strategy (24.1% vs 3.6%, chi-square = 6.5, df =1, P = .01). Accurate recognition of chronic migraine was more likely among trainees in community versus academic/university program (40% vs 14.7%, chi-square = 4.4, df = 1, P = .03) and among male versus female trainees (33.3% vs 9.5%, chi-square = 3.9, df = 1, P = .04). Interestingly, accurate recognition of chronic migraine diagnosis was neither related to training year nor correct recognition of the ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for chronic migraine. Conclusions Despite accurate individual recognition of episodic migraine and chronic tension-type headache, participants were poor at recognizing that features of these primary headache disorders can co-exist to comprise a uniform diagnosis of chronic migraine. Accurate diagnosis of chronic migraine was improved with use of a lumping strategy to the headache history.
STAVIS 2.0: Mining Spatial Trajectories via Motifs

The increase in available spatial trajectory data has led to a massive amount of geo-positioned data that can be exploited to improve understanding of human behavior. However, the noisy nature and massive size of the data make it difficult to extract meaningful trajectory features. In this work, a context-free grammar representation of spatial trajectories is employed to discover frequent segments or motifs within trajectories. Additionally, a set of basis motifs is developed that defines all movement characteristics among a set of trajectories, which can be used to evaluate patterns within a trajectory (intra-trajectory) and between multiple trajectories (inter-trajectory). The approach is realized and demonstrable through the Symbolic Trajectory Analysis and VIsualization System (STAVIS) 2.0, which performs grammar inference on spatial trajectories, mines motifs, and discovers various pattern sets through motif-based analysis.
Circadian and fatigue effects on the dynamics of the pupillary light reflex

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is known to be driven by the photo-entrainment of intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. These ganglion cells are known to have retino-hypothalamic projections to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which regulates circadian rhythms, and bilateral retinal projections to the pretectal area, which mediates the PLR (Dacey et al., 2005; Hattar et al., 2002, 2006). The magnitude of the PLR has previously been shown to show circadian variation (Mnch et al., 2012). In this study, we used a constant routine protocol (Mills et al., 1978) to examine circadian and fatigue effects on the dynamics of the PLR. We characterized the PLR (pupil size as a function of time) in response to a square-wave change in the luminance of a white display background, at ten different times over a single circadian cycle. Twelve subjects participated in three daytime baseline runs followed by 7 nighttime runs each separated by an hour (17 23 hours after awakening). The constriction and dilation phases of the PLR waveform were fit separately with a single exponential model (Longtin Milton, 1988; Milton Longtin, 1990) with time constants estimated using a least-squares method. The dilation time constant exhibited a distinct sinusoidal modulation across the circadian cycle and, after 23 hours of wakefulness, decreased on average by 82 ms (paired t-test, p 0.05) relative to baseline (mean: 543 ms). The constriction time constant however, did not show an overall decrease with increased wakefulness. We conclude that the dynamics of the PLR show circadian variation and that, in addition, the briskness of the dilation response to a step-decrease in luminance shows a homeostatic enhancement with increased wakefulness.
Microorganisms Associated with Shelled Corn Stored in Above and Below Ground Storage Facilities

Underground storage of grain and dry edible beans is a management technique that has developed independently on every continent in the world. Several ancient cultures, including those that developed in what is now the U.S., used underground storage (Ambler, 1977). As long ago as 1000 B.C., some cultures used underground storage as their principal means of strategic national storage (Dunkel, 1985; Sterling et al., 1983). Both modern and ancient reports have claimed that insect infestation, fungal growth and taste acceptability are well-controlled in underground structures; some grains could be stored well for 10–12 years in such structures.
CMIP5 Projected Change in Northern Hemisphere Winter Cyclones with Associated Extreme Winds

AbstractIn this study, 19 simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) have been analyzed to examine how winter cyclones producing extreme near-surface winds are pr...
Cooperative Learning in the University Classroom

As educators in park and recreation studies, we need to be open to new and creative teaching techniques in order to add variety to our classes and to facilitate learning in our classrooms. The purp...
Initial Performance of Block-Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms

Commonly used iterative techniques for image reconstruction from projections include ART (Algebraic Reconstruction Technique) and SIRT (Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique). It has been shown that these are the two extremes of a general family of block-iterative image reconstruction techniques. Here we show that the initial performance of these commonly used extremes can be bested by other members of the family.
A critical role for thermosensation in host seeking by skin-penetrating nematodes.

Summary Skin-penetrating parasitic nematodes infect approximately one billion people worldwide and are a major source of neglected tropical disease [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Their life cycle includes an infective third-larval (iL3) stage that searches for hosts to infect in a poorly understood process that involves both thermal and olfactory cues. Here, we investigate the temperature-driven behaviors of skin-penetrating iL3s, including the human-parasitic threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis and the human-parasitic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. We show that human-parasitic iL3s respond robustly to thermal gradients. Like the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, human-parasitic iL3s show both positive and negative thermotaxis, and the switch between them is regulated by recent cultivation temperature [ 7 ]. When engaging in positive thermotaxis, iL3s migrate toward temperatures approximating mammalian body temperature. Exposing iL3s to a new cultivation temperature alters the thermal switch point between positive and negative thermotaxis within hours, similar to the timescale of thermal plasticity in C. elegans [ 7 ]. Thermal plasticity in iL3s may enable them to optimize host finding on a diurnal temperature cycle. We show that temperature-driven responses can be dominant in multisensory contexts such that, when thermal drive is strong, iL3s preferentially engage in temperature-driven behaviors despite the presence of an attractive host odorant. Finally, targeted mutagenesis of the S. stercoralis tax-4 homolog abolishes heat seeking, providing the first evidence that parasitic host-seeking behaviors are generated through an adaptation of sensory cascades that drive environmental navigation in C. elegans [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Together, our results provide insight into the behavioral strategies and molecular mechanisms that allow skin-penetrating nematodes to target humans.
A Context Principle for the Twenty-First Century

Taking a lead from Eva Picardi’s work and influence, I investigate the significance of Frege’s context principle for the philosophy of language (setting aside its role in Frege’s argument for mathematical platonism). I argue that there are some interpretive problems with recent meta-semantic interpretations of the principle. Instead, I offer a somewhat weaker alternative: the context principle is a tool to license certain definitions. Moreover, I claim that it merely lays out one of many possible ways of licensing a definition. This means, among other things, that despite Frege’s imperative injunctions, the context principle formulates a permission—not a requirement.
Childhood sexual abuse among Black men who have sex with men: A cornerstone of a syndemic?

Background The sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) includes HIV infection, engagement in HIV risk behaviors, substance misuse, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Although Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV in the U.S.—especially in urban locations such as New York City—there is limited research with larger samples of Black MSM of varied HIV status regarding the prevalence of CSA and the potential negative consequence with respect to a “syndemic,” i.e., the co-occurrence of adverse conditions such as HIVrisk, substance misuse, and IPV. Methods Black MSM (N = 1,002) recruited in New York City from 2009–2015 completed a screening assessment eliciting self-reported data on age, CSA, self-reported HIV status, number of male sexual partners, number of acts of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), substance misuse, and IPV. Hypothesis testing utilized logistic and linear regression models with self-reported data on CSA (independent variable) and indicators of the following syndemic factors: HIV risk, substance misuse, and IPV. Results More than one-fourth (28.1%) met criteria for experiencing CSA. CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of being HIV-positive (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); number of male sexual partners (b = 2.0, SE = 0.5, p = .002) and condomless acts of anal intercourse (b = 4.3, SE = 1.6, p = .007); odds of binge drinking (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0) and illicit substance use (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); and odds of experiencing current IPV (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2–2.3). CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–2.9, p < .001); concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors was significantly associated with having a riskier HIV status (for being HIV-positive: AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1, p = .02; for having an unknown HIV status: AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9–12.9, p = .04). Conclusions Among Black MSM, CSA is a prevalent problem and is a significant antecedent to HIV, substance misuse, and IPV indicators and risk. Addressing CSA may be a valuable approach to remedy the syndemic of HIV, substance misuse, and violence that has burdened MSM, especially Black MSM, in the U.S.
Beyond Four Forces: The Evolution of Psychotherapy:

One framework for studying the evolution or development of personality theory and psychotherapy is the concept of forces—theoretical models, paradigms, dimensions, movements, or worldviews—that hav...
19 Evaluating meaningful change in disease activity as a clinical efficacy measure for clinical trials in cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Background To date, there are no approved treatments for cutaneous lupus erythematous (CLE), a disease known to significantly burden a patients quality of life (QoL). Clinical trials are important for the advancement of treatments for CLE and trial outcome measures should reflect clinically meaningful improvement in disease activity and its effect on QoL. Currently, trials use an efficacy measure of 50% improvement in disease activity, defined by the Cutaneous Lupus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) score for activity (CLASI-A), in patients with an initial CLASI-A 10. We aim to define the degree of improvement in disease activity needed to have a meaningful impact on QoL, an important variable in the design and interpretation of future clinical trials. Methods This study included 126 patients seen at the Autoimmune Skin Disease Clinic at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania who participate in a longitudinal research database. Patients with mild, moderate or severe initial CLASI-A were analyzed separately, with further stratification of patients with mild initial activity. A linear regression model was used to calculate the percent change and difference needed in CLASI-A to have an important impact on QoL, defined as a 9.38-point and a 7.37-point improvement in the Emotions and Symptoms subscales of Skindex-29, respectively. Results In patients with an initial CLASI-A 8, an improvement of 42.1% or 7-points and an improvement of 31.0% or 5-points in disease activity is associated with a meaningful improvement in the Emotions and the Symptoms subscales, respectively. For both subscales, patients with increasingly severe initial disease required a smaller percent change in CLASI-A to predict a meaningful change in QoL (table 1). Conclusions We find that using a CLASI-A 8 for trial entry allows for the inclusion of patients with milder disease for whom improvement of CLASI-A by 50% results in a meaningful impact on QoL, as determined by the Emotions and Symptoms subscales of Skindex-29. In patients with CLASI-A 8, a decrease in activity by seven and five-points is not only a clinically significant improvement but also indicates a meaningful impact on the Emotions and Symptoms subscales, respectively. For trials enrolling patients with CLASI-A 20, we recommend stratifying patients by disease severity, as a smaller percent change in activity in patients with severe disease can predict meaningful improvement in QoL. Our findings establish appropriate trial endpoints by determining clinically significant change in disease activity associated with meaningful changes in patients QoL. Funding Source(s): NIH/NIAMS 1R01AR071653 - 01A1
Shaping the Next Generation Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Control Tower with Autonomous Intelligence

This paper summarizes the findings of an industry panel study evaluating how new Autonomous Intelligence technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, impact the system and operational architecture of supply chain control tower (CT) implementations that serve the pharmaceutical industry. Such technologies can shift CTs to a model in which real-time information gathering, analysis, and decision making are possible. This can be achieved by leveraging these technologies to better manage decision complexity and execute decisions at levels that cannot otherwise be managed easily by humans. Some of the key points identified are in the areas of the fundamental capabilities that need to be supported and the improved level of decision visibility that they provide. We also consider some the challenges in achieving this, which include data quality and integrity, collaboration and data sharing across supply chain tiers, cross-system interoperability, decision-validation and organizational impacts, among others.
Framing immigrants as seekers of social benefits: the impact of the Great Recession at the family-level and the development of anti-immigrant anxieties

Substantial research has addressed the association between economic factors (e.g., employment rate) and perception of immigrants among the general public in the host societies. This study used the Transatlantic Trends Survey 2014 to examine whether the characterization of immigrants as social benefits seekers is related to one´s family financial situation being greatly affected by the Great Recession. We conducted a series of ordinal logistic regressions to compare three different geopolitical contexts, namely the United States, the Southern Europe region, and the triad France-Germany-United Kingdom. Our results confirmed that framing immigrants as social benefits seekers is indeed related to one´s family being greatly impacted by the Great Recession. Significantly, the direction of such association varies among contexts, as those greatly impacted by the crisis in Southern Europe showed lower odds of framing immigrants as social benefits seekers, while the opposite happening in both the United States and the triad France-Germany-United Kingdom. Recommendations for practice and research are discussed.
Shifting Votes on Shifting Sands: Opposition Party Electoral Performance in Dominant Party Authoritarian Regimes

When competition is real but unfair, how do opposition parties make electoral inroads at the local level? I investigate patterns of opposition party support in the largest and most influential domi...
A Conversation with Sister Frances Dominica.

Sister Frances Dominica is a member of the Anglican religious order of All Saints Sisters of the Poor. She lives in Oxford, England. She is a nurse qualified to minister to sick children and also t...
Factors Contributing to Substance Misuse Treatment Completion among Native Hawaiians, Other Pacific Islanders, and Asian Americans.

Background: Research on substance abuse treatment completion (SATC) among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) is extremely limited despite growing concern of SA...
Defying Occam’s Razor: Colonic Luminal Endometriosis in an Adolescent With Crohn's Disease

Abstract Abdominal pain is a common symptom in Crohn's disease, presumably associated with mucosal inflammation and/or luminal stenosis. However, pain is not specific to Crohn's disease, and other etiologies should be considered, particularly gynecologic pathology in an adolescent female. We present an unusual case of endometrial tissue found in the colonic polyp of an adolescent with known Crohn's disease and abdominal pain. Histologic analysis differentiated endometriosis from active inflammation secondary to Crohn's disease. Endometriosis and Crohn's disease are both classified as chronic inflammatory disorders. It remains unclear whether overlapping etiological factors exist for the two disorders. There is a paucity of data on comanagement of endometriosis and inflammatory bowel disease, especially in adolescents. Given the finding of endometriosis in the colonic polyp was unanticipated, this case also reinforces the merits of endoscopic staging of disease whenever significant changes in therapy are considered.
Circular Metasurfaces for Curvilinear Radiating Elements

The integration of radiating elements with metasur- faces have enhanced the radiation performance of antennas. In this paper, circular metasurfaces are reviewed and analyzed. The placement of curvilinear radiating element in the vicinity of a circular metasurface is investigated and compared to rectangular geometries. A superior performance is observed when circular metasurface ground planes are utilized with curvilinear radiating elements.
Trust and compassion in willingness to share mobility and sheltering resources in evacuations: A case study of the 2017 and 2018 California Wildfires

Abstract Advances in the sharing economy – such as transportation network companies (e.g., Lyft, Uber) and home sharing (e.g., Airbnb) – have coincided with the increasing need for evacuation resources. While peer-to-peer sharing under normal circumstances often suffers from trust barriers, disaster literature indicates that trust and compassion often increase following disasters, improving recovery efforts. We hypothesize that trust and compassion could trigger willingness to share transportation and sheltering resources during an evacuation. To test this hypothesis, we distributed a survey to individuals impacted by the 2017 Southern California Wildfires (n = 226) and the 2018 Carr Wildfire (n = 284). We estimate binary logit choice models, finding that high trust in neighbors and strangers and high compassion levels significantly increase willingness to share across four sharing scenarios. Assuming a high trust/compassion population versus a low trust/compassion population results in a change of likelihood to share between 30% and 55%, depending on scenario. Variables related to departure timing and routing – which capture evacuation urgency – increase transportation sharing willingness. Volunteers in past disasters and members of community organizations are usually more likely to share, while families and previous evacuees are typically less likely. Significance of other demographic variables is highly dependent on the scenario. Spare seatbelts and bed capacity, while increasing willingness, are largely insignificant. These results suggest that future sharing economy strategies should cultivate trust and compassion before disasters via preparedness within neighborhoods, community-based organizations, and volunteer networks, during disasters through communication from officials, and after disasters using resilience-oriented and community-building information campaigns.
Imaging Flow Cytometry for Phytoplankton Analysis: Instrumentation and Applications

Imaging flow cytometry was first introduced into algal research in the late 1990s. The ability to enumerate, classify and determine biomass of phytoplankton from environmental samples is essential for determining ecosystem function, carbon density, and the role phytoplankton play in both freshwater and marine microbial food webs. Traditional micro-phytoplankton quantification methods use microscopic techniques that require preservation and are slow, tedious and very laborious. The availability of automated imaging microscopy platforms has revolutionized the way particles and cells are detected within their natural environment. The ability to examine cells unaltered and without preservation is key to providing more accurate cell concentration estimates and phytoplankton biomass. Currently many imaging cytometry tools are available for use in aquatic sciences and provide a more rapid and unbiased method for enumerating and classifying phytoplankton within diverse aquatic environments. Imaging flow cytometry, combines the speed and statistical capabilities of flow cytometry with imaging features of microscopy, and has contributed significantly to the advancement of phytoplankton analysis in recent years. This presentation discusses various instrumentation and applications relevant tophytoplankton communities.
The Effect of Neonates' Language Environment and NICU Length of Stay

Background/Objective: Preterm infants spend the first months of their life in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during a critical period of brain development where language exposure and parent-child interactions may be limited. The purpose of this study was to characterize an infant’s language environment while in the NICU and them estimate its effect on length of stay. Methods: Sixty-six infants …
Association of apolipoprotein C3 with insulin resistance and coronary artery calcium in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is a risk factor for incident coronary artery disease in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The pathways that link elevated APOC3 levels to an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with T1D are not understood. Objective To explore potential mechanisms, we investigated the association of APOC3 with insulin resistance and coronary artery calcium (CAC). Methods In a random subcohort of participants with T1D from Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (n = 134), serum APOC3, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated APOC3, and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4; a potential marker of insulin resistance) were measured by targeted mass spectrometry. We used linear regression to evaluate associations of serum APOC3 and HDL-APOC3 with APOB, non-HDL cholesterol, serum- and HDL-associated RBP4, and estimated insulin sensitivity and logistic regression to evaluate association with presence of CAC, adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration. Results Serum APOC3 correlated positively with APOB and non-HDL cholesterol and was associated with increased odds of CAC (odds ratio: 1.68, P = .024). Estimated insulin sensitivity was not associated with serum- or HDL-RBP4 but was negatively associated with serum APOC3 in men (s estimate: -0.318, P = .0040) and decreased odds of CAC (odds ratio: 0.434, P = .0023). Conclusions Serum APOC3 associates with increased insulin resistance and CAC in T1D.
Fingertip Replantation: Technique Details and Review of the Evidence

Fingertip replantation is technically challenging, but in a motivated patient excellent aesthetic and functional outcomes can be achieved. Fingertip microanatomy by zone is described to facilitate the classification and treatment of these injuries. In this article, we outline our preferred techniques for fingertip replantation and review the current body of evidence surrounding indications, techniques, and outcomes while highlighting opportunities for future study.
Protein model quality assessment using rotation-equivariant, hierarchical neural networks

Proteins are miniature machines whose function depends on their three-dimensional (3D) structure. Determining this structure computationally remains an unsolved grand challenge. A major bottleneck involves selecting the most accurate structural model among a large pool of candidates, a task addressed in model quality assessment. Here, we present a novel deep learning approach to assess the quality of a protein model. Our network builds on a point-based representation of the atomic structure and rotation-equivariant convolutions at different levels of structural resolution. These combined aspects allow the network to learn end-to-end from entire protein structures. Our method achieves state-of-the-art results in scoring protein models submitted to recent rounds of CASP, a blind prediction community experiment. Particularly striking is that our method does not use physics-inspired energy terms and does not rely on the availability of additional information (beyond the atomic structure of the individual protein model), such as sequence alignments of multiple proteins.
QSM is an imaging biomarker for chronic glial activation in multiple sclerosis lesions.

Background Inflammation in chronic active lesions occurs behind a closed blood-brain barrier and cannot be detected with MRI. Activated microglia are highly enriched for iron and can be visualized with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), an MRI technique used to delineate iron. Objective To characterize the histopathological correlates of different QSM hyperintensity patterns in MS lesions. Methods MS brain slabs were imaged with MRI and QSM, and processed for histology. Immunolabeled cells were quantified in the lesion rim, center, and adjacent normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Iron+ myeloid cell densities at the rims were correlated with susceptibilities. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia were used to determine the effect of iron on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results QSM hyperintensity at the lesion perimeter correlated with activated iron+ myeloid cells in the rim and NAWM. Lesions with high punctate or homogenous QSM signal contained no or minimally activated iron- myeloid cells. In vitro, iron accumulation was highest in M1-polarized human iPSC-derived microglia, but it did not enhance ROS or cytokine production. Conclusion A high QSM signal outlining the lesion rim but not punctate signal in the center is a biomarker for chronic inflammation in white matter lesions.
Nanoporous graphitic carbon for efficient supercapacitors and related energy applications

Abstract Graphitic carbon materials have excellent intrinsic characteristics for charge conduction with high stability and reliability. However, pure graphite is not suitable for supercapacitor applications due to inferior active surface area. For this purpose, numerous porous carbon architectures have been synthesized and examined for maximizing the charge storage capacity and performance in electrochemical supercapacitors (ESCs). It has been observed that nanoporous architectures are suitable for efficient charge storage in ESCs. The nanoporous carbon materials, containing pores ranging from micropores (
Perceived Access to Handguns Among Colorado High School Students.

OBJECTIVES: Access to firearms among youth can increase the risk of suicide or other injury. In this study, we sought to estimate the population prevalence of adolescent perception of firearm access by demographic, geographic, and other individual health characteristics. METHODS: The 2019 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey was an anonymous survey administered to a representative sample of high school students in Colorado. The survey was used to assess health behaviors and risk and protective factors. Analysis was conducted with weights to the state population of public high school students. RESULTS: In total, 46 537 high school students responded (71% student response rate; 83% school response rate). One in 5 students said it was “sort of easy” (11.1%) or “very easy” (8.8%) to access a handgun, with higher prevalence among male and older-aged youth and differences in racial and/or ethnicity groups. There were geographic differences such that students in schools in more rural areas were more likely to report perceived easy access. Students who had felt sad or hopeless, attempted suicide, or been in a fight were more likely to say they had access to a handgun. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high proportion of youth have easy access to a firearm, with differences across age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, and geography. This highlights the need for efforts to address ways to reduce firearm access for youth, including secure storage at home, for the prevention of youth firearm suicide and other firearm injuries.
Cooperative communication as belief transport

Recent research formalizes cooperative communication as belief transport using the mathematical theory of optimal transport. This formalization allows rigorous a priori analysis of the statistical and ecological properties of models of cooperative communication, unification of prior models and analysis of their differences, and promising directions for future research.
Involvement of Mitochondrial (mt) DNA Oxidative Damage and Circulating Fragments in Early Stages of Atherogenesis

Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many processes in the development of atherosclerosis, including generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammation. Oxidative mtDNA damage is a proximate cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and there is growing evidence that it can directly promote atherosclerosis. The mechanism of this action remains unclear, but may include initiation of apoptosis and inflammation by mtDNA oxidation. Previously, we have demonstrated protective role of mitochondria-targeted DNA glycosylase Ogg1 against oxidative stress and apoptosis in cell culture and against vascular injury in animal models. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that transgenic modulation of Ogg1 coordinately regulates atherogenesis in mice fed a high fat diet. Wild type (WT) mice, Ogg1 knock-out (KO) mice and KO mice transgenically overexpressing mitochondria-targeted Ogg1 (KO-Tg) were fed Western diet and analyzed for mtDNA damage and signs of atherogenesis. When compared to WT animals, KO mi...
Neutron Cross Sections Measurements for Light Elements at ORELA and their Application in Nuclear Criticality

The Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) was used to measure neutron total and capture cross sections of aluminium, natural chlorine and silicon in the energy range from 100 eV to ~600 keV. ORELA is the only high power white neutron source with excellent time resolution and ideally suited for these experiments still operating in the USA. These measurements were carried out to support the Nuclear Criticality Predictability Program. Concerns about the use of existing cross section data in the nuclear criticality calculations using Monte Carlo codes and benchmarks have been a prime motivator for the new cross section measurements. More accurate nuclear data are not only needed for these calculations but also serve as input parameters for s-process stellar models.
Starbursts and Galaxy Evolution

Starbursts are extreme concentrations of star-forming activity with mass conversion surface densities reaching over 1000 times higher than normal for disk galaxies. They are responsible for a large fraction of all cosmic star formation. They have shaped the cosmic landscape not just in individual galaxies but though the effects of "superwinds" that enrich the intergalactic gas, constrain supermassive black hole growth, and perhaps facilitate cosmic reionization. This conference provided vivid testimony to the importance of starbursts in galaxy evolution and to the speed with which our understanding of them is being transformed by a flood of new pan-spectral data, especially at high redshifts. A key result is that it appears possible to scale the physics of smaller star-forming events upward to encompass starbursts.
Under-grading of <4 cm renal masses on renal biopsy.

UNLABELLED What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? It is well documented that biopsy of small renal masses is inaccurate and tends to under-estimate tumour grade compared with surgical specimens. To our knowledge there has not been a study showing grading discrepancy between biopsy and surgical excision in a large population-based cohort. OBJECTIVE To determine whether differences exist in tumour grade between patients who undergo partial nephrectomy (PN) and those who undergo ablation for renal tumours. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data was obtained using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Patients with solitary renal tumours of <4 cm treated with ablation or PN and with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histopathology were identified. Tissue diagnosis in the ablation specimens was obtained from biopsy reports, whereas tissue from PN specimens was determined from surgical pathology. Variables analysed included: year of diagnosis, age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, population density, education, poverty level, and tumour size. Stacked bar graphs were created to compare the distributions of grade and histology between the groups. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with grade. RESULTS In all, 7704 (87.4%) patients underwent PN and 1114 (12.6%) underwent either radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation. The PN patients were younger at diagnosis (59 vs 68 years, P < 0.001), more likely to be married (70% vs 64%, P < 0.001), and had smaller tumours (2.4 vs 2.6 cm, P < 0.001). There were no differences in the distribution of histology between the PN and ablation groups. Tumour grade was significantly lower in tumours treated with ablation. Compared with grade 1 disease, those undergoing ablation were 30% less likely to have grade 2 (P < 0.001), 30% less likely to have grade 3 (P < 0.001), and 92% less likely to have grade 4 disease (P < 0.01) than those having PN. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between grade and treatment type in patients with small renal masses after controlling for baseline characteristics. As grade is determined by different methods, we think that this shows systematic under-grading in biopsy of small renal masses.
Chapter 2 Growth with Quality-Improving Innovations: An Integrated Framework

Abstract In this chapter we argue that the endogenous growth model with quality-improving innovations provides a framework for analyzing the determinants of long-run growth and convergence that is versatile, simple and empirically useful. Versatile, as the same framework can be used to analyze how growth interacts with development and cross-country convergence and divergence, how it interacts with industrial organization and in particular market structure, and how it interacts with organizations and institutional change. Simple, since all these aspects can be analyzed using the same elementary model. Empirically useful, as the framework generates a whole range of new microeconomic and macroeconomic predictions while it addresses empirical criticisms raised by other endogenous growth models in the literature.
Optical Coherence Imaging for Surgical Pathology Assessment

The sections in this article are Structural Contrast Imaging Molecular Contrast Imaging Conclusion Keywords: optical coherence imaging; structural contrast imaging; molecular contrast imaging; surgical pathology; breast cancer; optical coherence tomography; Raman spectroscopy
Social Mobilization and Political Representation: The Women’s Movement’s Struggle for Legal Abortion in Uruguay

This article analyzes the political process leading to the recent legalization of abortion in Uruguay, underlying the multiple strategies resorted to by the women’s movement to create a social consensus around women’s rights—and, more generally, around sexual and reproductive rights—as belonging to the realm of human rights. It seeks to identify the main reasons accounting for the movement’s success, which appear to be connected to the breadth of its repertoire of actions, progressively expanded to include various (and sometimes innovative) strategies operating in both the realm of civil society and public opinion and the sphere of political institutions and political representation. Focusing on the dyad speech action, the article examines the movement’s broadened repertoire of actions as well as its discourse setting human rights as a horizon of legitimacy in the context of a cultural war against a countermovement organized in defense of the status quo. Last but not least, it analyzes the issues pertaining to political representation brought to the forefront by the clashes, discrepancies, and disconnections between social movement and political institutions.
Case report of a fractured cuboid following an inversion injury of the ankle

Abstract Cuboid fractures are often difficult to diagnose. We present a unique case, of a “reverse nutcracker fracture”, where an inversion injury of the ankle caused a fracture of the cuboid, which was only apparent on a subsequent oblique radiograph.
Rethinking Academic Reform and Encouraging Organizational Innovation: Implications for Stakeholder Management in College Sports

There are increasing concerns about the educational experiences of Division I student-athletes in big-time college sports. Calls for reform have come from within colleges and universities and beyond. The literature of innovative management offers ideas that can help mitigate the academic and athletic divide and offer new ideas for athletic departments. Specifically, this body of literature is placed within the context of academic support centers for student-athletes to underscore the importance of new ways of thinking and to shed light on the centrality of the champion in the successful implementation of innovation. The article also introduces the Career Transition Scorecard, a practitioner-as-researcher model that fosters evidence-based practices among practitioners in athletic departments as they improve the well-being of Division I student-athletes. Implications for stakeholder management in college sports are discussed.
Microbiome, Innate Immunity, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

With the development of culture-independent technique, a complex microbiome has been established and described in the distal esophagus. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased dramatically in the United States. Studies documenting an altered microbiome associated with EAC and its precedents suggest that dysbiosis may be contributing to carcinogenesis, potentially mediated by interactions with toll-like receptors. Investigations attempting to associate viruses with EAC have not been as consistent. Currently available data are cross-sectional and therefore cannot prove causal relationships. Prospectively, microbiome studies open a new avenue to the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of reflux disorders and EAC.