cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of ovariectomy and subsequent estradiol replacement on intake of sweet solutions.

Abstract Neither ovariectomy nor subsequent estradiol replacement has any effect on the female rat's ingestion of saccharine solutions of varied concentrations. This holds whether or not the animal has had experience with the sweetener prior to ovariectomy. Removal of the ovaries enhances intake of glucose solutions while replacement of estradiol reduces the glucose intake of ovariectomized rats. Modifications of glucose ingestion by ovarian hormone manipulation may reflect the influence of these hormones on mechanisms controlling food ingestion rather than any separate effect of estrogens on preference for or ingestion of sweet solutions.
Neuroscience: Unconscious networking

What are neural networks doing when the brain is at rest? It turns out that in primates, even under conditions of deep anaesthesia, some of these networks undergo highly organized patterns of activity.
Two Measures of Resultant Achievement Motivation: Their Relationships to Each Other and to Academic Performance for Three Samples of College Males.

The Mehrabian and Hermans scales of resultant achievement motivation were correlated with each other and with cumulative grade point average for three samples of lower division college males. In each sample, the two scales were significantly, but not highly, correlated (average r = .31). The Hermans scale was consistently related to grade point average across samples. Significantly more accurate predictions of academic performance were obtained for lower fear of failure students and for students who perceived their present course grades as more important to their future career plans than for students who perceived present grades as less important to their future career plans.
The University of Michigan barrier free computer users group

Increasingly, a large number of functions on the campuses of post‐secondary educational institutions are becoming reliant on the use of computers. In 1986, a user group was formed at The University of Michigan to give people with disabilities a voice in determining how their computing needs could be met. Passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) bolstered the group's efforts.
Warning Tone Selection for a Reverse Parking Aid System

Two studies were conducted to identify characteristics of a preferred warning signal for a Reverse Parking Aid System. In the first study, twenty participants rated the perceived urgency of 6 warning tone pulse rates ranging from 1 to 8 Hz and a solid tone. The results indicated a strong differentiation of perceived urgency between the 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 4 Hz, and 6 Hz pulse rates. The majority of participants perceived the 6 Hz and higher rates as very urgent. The second study examined 6 tone frequencies ranging from 500 Hz–1500 Hz. Twenty-five participants performed reverse parking maneuvers using each of the six tones. The 750 Hz and 1000 Hz tones were rated well both with and without the radio playing, and were therefore recommended.
Ω− hyperon decay modes with the hyperCP experiment at Fermilab

The HyperCP experiment (Fermilab E871) has the largest recorded sample of Ω− hyperon decays, allowing new searches for three rare decay modes, each with five charged tracks in the final state. Results are presented for Ω− → Ξ− π+ π−; Ω− → Ξ0(1530)π−; and the flavor-changing neutral-current decay Ω− → Ξ− π+π−. Normalization of these measurements were to the decay Ω− → ΛK− with a five-track topology similar to the signal mode with the subsequent decay of Λ → pπ− and K− → π−π+π− in the decay volume.
A Generalized Dynamic Programming Approach for a Departure Scheduling Problem

Reducing the delays of the departing aircraft can potentially lead to improving the e‐ciency of the surface operations at airports. This paper addresses a departure scheduling problem with an objective to reduce total aircraft delays subject to timing and ordering constraints. The ordering constraints model the queuing area of airports where the aircraft align themselves in the form of chains before departing. By exploiting the structure of the problem, a generalized dynamic programming approach is presented to solve the departure scheduling problem optimally. Computational results indicate that the approach presented in this paper is reasonably fast, i:e:, it takes less than one tenth of a second on average to solve a 40 aircraft problem. Also, the approach produces optimal sequences whose delay is approximately 12 minutes, on average, less than the delays produced by the First Come First Serve (FCFS) sequences.
Conversation support for business process integration

Business process integration and automation (BPIA) has emerged as an important aspect of the enterprise computing landscape. Intra-enterprise application integration (EAI) as well as the inter enterprise integration (B2B) are increasingly being performed in the context of business processes. The integration scenarios typically involve distributed systems that are autonomous to some degree. From the BPIA perspective, the autonomy refers to the fact that the systems being integrated have their own process choreography engines and execute internal business processes that are private to them. In the case of B2B integration, the systems being integrated are fully autonomous, while various levels of autonomy exist in systems partaking in EAI. We present a new paradigm for business process integration. Our approach is based on a conversation model that enables autonomous, distributed BPM (Business Process Management) modules to integrate and collaborate. Our conversation model supports the exchange of multiple correlated messages with arbitrary sequencing constraints and covers the formatting of messages that are to be sent as well as the parsing of the messages that have been received. The crux of our conversation model is the notion of a conversation policy, which is a machine-readable specification of a pattern of message exchange in a conversation. Our model supports nesting and composition of conversation policies to provide a dynamic, adaptable, incremental, open-ended, and extensible mechanism for business process integration. We discuss the current implementation of this conversation model and early experience in applying the model to solve customer problems. The implementation utilizes distributed object technology.
Dynamic learning using exponential energy functions

The authors use a continuous-time gradient descent weight update law for supervised learning of feedforward artificial neural networks because of specific advantages over its discrete-time counterpart. An exponential energy function is used in the update law. It is shown that this energy function would speed up the learning dynamics and insure faster convergence to a useful minimum. The dynamics would 'skip' minima which are at higher energy levels and converge to one at a lower energy level. Software implementation of the learning dynamics based on the exponential energy function is described. Various supporting simulations on the XOR and character recognition problems are also included. >
The application of 13C-labeled tetramethylammonium hydroxide (13C-TMAH) thermochemolysis to the study of fungal degradation of wood

This paper presents the results from an assessment of the application of a new molecular analytical procedure, 13 CTMAH thermochemolysis, to study the chemical modification of lignin by white-rot and brown-rot fungi. This technique diAers from other molecular chemolysis procedures (e.g. TMAH thermochemolysis and CuO alkaline oxidation) as it enables one to determine the amount of hydroxylated aromatic components in degraded lignin residues through a selective lignin depolymerization and 13 C-labeled methylation reaction. Major diAerences were observed in the chemical composition and yield of lignin monomers released from a limited sample set of field and laboratory inoculation brown-rot and white-rot degraded residues when analyzed by 13 C-TMAH thermochemolysis. The brown-rot residues were characterized by high yields of 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl compounds, presumably due to fungal demethylation of methoxyl groups on guaiacyl lignin, and relatively low yields of aromatic acids that result from microbial side chain oxidation. The white-rot residues were characterized by low yields of demethylated lignin monomers but relatively high yields of monomers exhibiting side chain oxidation. If generally applicable, this distinct chemical functionality has important implications for the chemical reactivity and solubility of degraded wood residues and consequently the cycling of terrestrial carbon in the geosphere. The 13 C-TMAH thermochemolysis procedure provides a rapid and sensitive tool for tracking microbial modifications of lignin in terrestrial environments including coastal sediments, forest soils and waters receiving terrestrial organic matter. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Generation of an Adult Smooth Muscle Cell–Targeted Cre Recombinase Mouse Model

To the Editor: The smooth muscle cell (SMC)–targeted Cre recombination mice are critical tools for in vivo analysis of gene function in the vasculature and for establishing animal models for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a continuing effort to generate SMC-targeted Cre recombinase mice for in vivo loss-of-gene function studies. Currently, several genetically engineered mice express the Cre-recombinase under the control of SMC-specific promoters such as SM22α (also known as transgelin, a 22-kDa protein that is abundantly and exclusively expressed in SMCs of adult animals) promoters and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoters.1–6 However, there are potential limitations in their uses for knockout studies; some of them show relatively low excision efficiency and potential embryonic lethality, which prevent subsequent in vivo analyses in adult SMCs. In our effort to generate an SMC-targeted Cre recombination mouse line that effectively excises loxP-flanked target …
Memory Shaped by Age Stereotypes over Time

Objectives. Previous studies showed that negative self-stereotypes detrimentally affect the cognitive performance of marginalized group members; however, these findings were confined to short-term experiments. In the present study, we considered whether stereotypes predicted memory over time, which had not been previously examined. We also considered whether self-relevance increased the influence of stereotypes on memory over time. Method. Multiple waves of memory performance were analyzed using individual growth models. The sample consisted of 395 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Results. Those with more negative age stereotypes demonstrated significantly worse memory performance over 38 years than those with less negative age stereotypes, after adjusting for relevant covariates. The decline in memory performance for those aged 60 and above was 30.2% greater for the more negative age stereotype group than for the less negative age stereotype group. Also, the impact of age stereotypes on memory was significantly greater among those for whom the age stereotypes were self-relevant. Discussion. This study shows that the adverse influence of negative self-stereotypes on cognitive performance is not limited to a short-term laboratory effect. Rather, the findings demonstrate, for the first time, that stereotypes also predict memory performance over an extended period in the community.
Into the Eye of the Storm: Assessing the Evidence on Science and Engineering Education, Quality, and Workforce Demand

Recent policy reports claim the United States is falling behind other nations in science and math education and graduating insufficient numbers of scientists and engineers. Review of the evidence and analysis of actual graduation rates and workforce needs does not find support for these claims. U.S. student performance rankings are comparable to other leading nations and colleges graduate far more scientists and engineers than are hired each year. Instead, the evidence suggests targeted education improvements are needed for the lowest performers and demand-side factors may be insufficient to attract qualified college graduates.
Aqueous humor-borne factor upregulates Bcl-2 expression in corneal endothelial cells

PURPOSE. To determine if factors present in the aqueous humor (AH) protect the corneal endothelium from apoptosis. METHODS. Mouse and human corneal endothelial cells were cultured in vitro, and apoptosis was induced by nutrient deprivation. AH and supernatant from iris/ciliary body (I/CB) cell cultures were tested for their effect on corneal endothelial cell apoptosis. The effect of I/CB supernatant on Fas, Bax, and Bcl-2 gene transcription was evaluated by Northern blotting. I/CB supernatant was subjected to proteinase analysis to identify the apoptosis inhibitory factor(s). RESULTS. Rabbit AH and supernatant from mouse I/CB cell cultures inhibited the apoptosis of mouse and human immortalized corneal endothelial cell lines. The inhibition of apoptosis was associated with an upregulation of Bcl-2 gene transcription and Bcl-2 protein expression. Bax gene expression was not significantly affected by I/CB cell supernatant. Induction of apoptosis by stimulation of the Fas receptor was unaffected by I/CB cell...
Improvement in Scoring Consistency for the Creighton Simulation Evaluation Instrument

Abstract Background The Creighton Simulation Evaluation Instrument© is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluation of students in the simulated clinical environment. Increased use of simulation and requests for widespread use of the instrument prompted the development of an educational program to maintain reliability. Method The educational program included review of the instrument and dialogue among faculty to determine expectations of student performance. Percentage agreement and kappa coefficient scores were calculated pre- and posttraining. Results Improved percentage agreement scores were noted. Seventy-five percent of the kappa scores after implementation of the educational program demonstrate moderate, substantial, or almost perfect agreement. Conclusions Education and faculty dialogue improve consistency of student assessment and add richness to the learning experience.
Neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma: is it a true hamartoma?

Neuromuscular and vascular hamartoma (NMVH) is a very rare gastrointestinal tract lesion. Twenty NMVH cases have been published in the English literature since its first description by Fernando and McGovern in 1982.1 There is no age or gender predilection for NMVH. The clinical presentations of NMVH patients are usually non-specific, including chronic abdominal pain, intermittent bowel obstruction, occult bleeding and iron deficiency anaemia. Three of the 20 reported cases were incidental findings on CT scan or colonoscopy. Radiologically, the involved bowel may demonstrate a stricture with thickened walls, intussusception, or a polypoid mass. All but one case occurred in the small bowel. The two NMVH cases we reported here also showed non-specific clinical and radiologic features. The first patient came to our institute for evaluation of over 1 year of intermittent abdominal pain. She had a history of anaemia and arthritis. Her workup included abdominal and pelvic CT scans, sub-sequential small bowel follow through and antegrade double-balloon enteroscope, which suggested intussusception without obstruction and a long intraluminal lipomatous lesion of the mid-ileum. The lesion was resected. Our second patient had multiple medical problems and several surgeries in the past. An incidental pedunculated polyp at terminal ileum was revealed at a routine screening colonoscopy. The lesion was biopsied and showed prominent smooth muscle that was initially interpreted as consistent with leiomyoma. A right hemicolectomy was performed and three polypoid mass lesions were identified. Grossly, NMVH may occur as single or multiple …
Variability and Interrelationships of Composition and Yield of Daily Milk Samples

Summary Analysis of data from 2,052 milk samples, taken from randomly selected Jerseys, Holsteins, and Guernseys during six consecutive days, resulted in day-to-day repeatability estimates of 0.46 to 0.62 for fat content, and 0.75 to 0.95 for milk 0yield and contents of SNF, protein, chloride, acidity, and pH. In most investigations involving these variables, a gain in accuracy, from taking two samples rather than one, of 19 to 27% could be expected for fat content, and 2 to 20% for the remaining variables. Zero-order correlations between all combinations of variables were presented for each breed on a total basis and on the basis of the within cow-test-period variation. Variation in SNF was moderately related to fat, protein, and chloride contents, but was essentially unrelated to milk yield, pH, and acidity.
UV Crosslinking of Proteins to Nucleic Acids

Irradiation of protein-nucleic acid complexes with ultraviolet light causes covalent bonds to form between the nucleic acid and proteins that are in close contact with the nucleic acid. Thus, UV crosslinking may be used to selectively label DNA-binding proteins based on their specific interaction with a DNA recognition site. As a consequence of label transfer, the molecular weight of a DNA-binding protein in a crude mixture can be rapidly and reliably determined. This unit provides 3 protocols for executing DNA-protein crosslinking; one uses the halogenated thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to produce a DNA probe that is especially sensitive to UV-induced crosslinking. An alternate protocol describes crosslinking using a non-BrdU substituted probe, and another alternate protocol provides a method for in situ crosslinking.
STING/MPYS Mediates Host Defense against Listeria monocytogenes Infection by Regulating Ly6C hi Monocyte Migration

MPYS (also known as STING, MITA, and TMEM173) is a type I IFN stimulator that is essential for host defense against DNA virus infection and appears important in defense against certain bacteria. The in vivo significance and mechanisms by which MPYS mediates host defense against nonviral pathogens are unknown. Using an MPYS-deficient mouse (Tmem173 ), we determined that, distinct from the IFNAR−/− mice, MPYS deficiency leads to increased bacterial burden in the liver upon Listeria monocytogenes infection. The increase was correlated with the diminished MCP-1 and MCP-3 chemokine production and decreased blood and liver Ly6Chi monocyte frequency. We further demonstrate that MPYS-deficient Ly6Chi monocytes are intrinsically defective in migration to the liver. Lastly, adoptive transfer of wild-type Ly6Chi monocyte into MPYS-deficient mice decreases their liver bacterial burden. Our findings reveal a novel in vivo function of MPYS that is distinct from its role in activating type I IFN production.
Where does the bed of a river change from gravel to sand

Along a riverbed, sediment grains often shrink from gravel sized to sand sized farther downstream. Scientists have documented this phenomenon well, although they are still puzzled by certain details of the gravel-to-sand transition, including why exactly the transition occurs and why it occurs more abruptly in some rivers and more gradually in others.
Brain Morphometry, T2-Weighted Hyperintensities, and IQ in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Background Larger gray matter (GM) volume in healthy children is correlated with higher IQ. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have larger brains, their magnetic resonance images frequently show T2-weighted hyperintensities, and their IQs are lower. Objectives To confirm the hypotheses that (1) children with NF1 have larger GM and white matter volumes, (2) the greatest volume differences are in the frontal and parietal regions and in children with NF1 with hyperintensities, and (3) GM volume is inversely related to IQ in children with NF1. Design Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition IQ testing and measurement of cerebral volumes and hyperintensities in brain magnetic resonance images were performed on 36 children with NF1 and on 36 matched relatives who served as control subjects. Results Gray matter and white matter volumes were significantly larger in children with NF1. The greatest difference was observed in cerebral white matter volume, predominantly in the frontal lobes, whereas the greatest difference in GM volume was in the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. In controls, IQ was significantly related to GM volume, but in children with NF1, IQ was not inversely associated with GM volume, although IQs of children with NF1 were significantly lower. Conclusions Children with NF1 do not have the normal relationship between GM volume and IQ. Larger GM volume in the posterior brain regions and larger white matter volumes in the frontal brain regions contribute to the larger brain volume in children with NF1.
Integrins, myofibroblasts, and organ fibrosis.

Myofibroblasts are the major source of extracellular matrix components that accumulate during tissue fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are believed to be the major source of myofibroblasts in the liver. To date, robust systems to genetically manipulate these cells have not been developed. We report that Cre under control of the promoter of Pdgfrb (Pdgfrb-Cre) inactivates loxP-flanked genes in mouse HSCs with high efficiency. We used this system to delete the gene encoding αV integrin subunit because various αV-containing integrins have been suggested as central mediators of fibrosis in multiple organs. Such depletion protected mice from carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatic fibrosis, whereas global loss of β3, β5 or β6 integrin or conditional loss of β8 integrins in HSCs did not. We also found that Pdgfrb-Cre effectively targeted myofibroblasts in multiple organs, and depletion of the αV integrin subunit using this system was protective in other models of organ fibrosis, including pulmonary and renal fibrosis. Pharmacological blockade of αV-containing integrins by a small molecule (CWHM 12) attenuated both liver and lung fibrosis, including in a therapeutic manner. These data identify a core pathway that regulates fibrosis and suggest that pharmacological targeting of all αV integrins may have clinical utility in the treatment of patients with a broad range of fibrotic diseases.
Uncertainty estimates for 1‐h averaged turbulence fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat and sensible heat

A new observational approach is presented to approximate the uncertainty (scatter or error variance) in 1-h averaged turbulence fluxes from eddy-covariance measurements. The uncertainty includes potential contributions from instrument problems, heterogeneity and non-stationarity in addition to classical random sampling error. The daytime relative flux uncertainty (RFE) is half as large (20%) at a simple maize site compared to two more complex forest sites (40%) for all scalars possibly due to the more homogeneous vegetation, flat terrain and especially the lower measurement height. The RFE is approximately the same for day and night periods for all scalars at the two mostly homogeneous sites (pine forest and maize field) except for latent heat over the forest, where the RFE doubles at night. Modest surface heterogeneity at the other forest site for nocturnal flux footprints approximately doubles the RFE compared to daytime conditions for all scalar fluxes. Compositing by atmospheric stability (instead of time of day) reveals a sharp increase in the RFE for the most strongly stable conditions. A theoretical prediction for the pure random sampling error based on the flux integral timescale is smaller by a factor of two compared to the observed variability.
Analog soft decoding for multi-level memories

This paper proposes analog soft-information decoding circuits for error protection in multi-level memories, providing stronger error protection than binary error-correcting codes. The cell capacitance can then be reduced without an increase in the soft error rate. Analog decoders perform soft-information decoding with very low area requirements. We introduce a multi-level analog interface circuit for analog decoding of MLDRAM signals. We also apply basic information theory to reveal the possibilities and limitations of coding in multi-level memories.
Proximity sensing in robot manipulator motion planning: system and implementation issues

Results of one effort to implement a motion planning system for a robot arm operating in an uncertain environment are discussed. It is known that path planning algorithms with proven convergence can be designed for some planar and three-dimensional robot arm manipulators operating among unknown obstacles of arbitrary shapes. The attractiveness of such systems lies in their ability to operate in a complex, perhaps even time-varying, unstructured environment. Implementation of these algorithms, however, presents a variety of hardware and algorithmic problems related to: covering the arm with arrays of sensors to form a sensitive skin; processing real-time sensor data; designing complementary algorithms for step-by-step motion planning based on limited local information; and integrating these components, together with global planning algorithms, in a single system. The authors discuss various tradeoffs and solutions implemented in the sensor-based planning system for a planar arm manipulator developed in their laboratory and present a summary of their experiments with it. >
The design of the fixed point unit for the z990 microprocessor

The paper presents the design of the Fixed Point Unit (FXU) for the IBM eServer z990 microprocessor (announced in 2Q '03) that runs at 1.2 GHz [2]. The FXU is capable of executing two Register-Memory instructions including arithmetic instructions and a branch instruction in a single cycle. The FXU executes a total of 369 instructions that operate on variable size operands (1 to 256 bytes). The instruction set include decimal arithmetic with multiplies and divides, binary arithmetic, shifts and rotates, loads/stores, branches, long moves, logical operations, convert instructions, and other special instructions. The FXU consists of 64-bit dataflow stack that is custom designed and a control stack that is synthesized. The current FXU is the first superscalar design for the CMOS z-series machines, has a new improved decimal unit, and has for the first time a 16x64 bit binary multiplier.
Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris - and Tachigali -inhabiting ants

The Pseudomyrmex viduus group is a Neotropical clade of arboreal ants containing 13 species, of which three are newly described here: P. insuavis, P. ultrix, and P. vitabilis. Most species inhabit the domatia of specialized ant-plants. The ants keep brood and scale insects (Coccoidea) in the plant cavities, and defend their nest sites much more aggressively than do generalist species of Pseudomyrmex nesting in dead twigs. Five species are obligate associates of trees in the genus Triplaris (Polygonaceae) and five taxa are restricted to Tachigali (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae). One species, P. viduus (F. Smith), is much less host-specific, inhabiting Cordia, Coussapoa, Ocotea, Pseudobombax, Pterocarpus, Sapium, Triplaris and other myrmecophytes. Nothing is known about the biology of P. vitabilis, a close relative of P. viduus. The last member of the species group, P. kuenckeli (Emery), is a non-specialist but aggressive species that nests in dead branches of various plants. A cladistic analysis indicates that this aggressive behaviour evolved before obligate associations with specialized ant-plants, and that the Triplaris and Tachigali inhabitants each form their own clade. P. viduus, which is nested within the Triplarisassociated clade, suggests a possible model for host plant evolution in these ants wherein shifts from one ant-plant to another involve an intermediate phase of expanded host plant use. At least nine other Pseudomyrmex species, from two diVerent species groups (not closely related to the P. viduus group), have evolved specialized associations with Triplaris or Tachigali including five new species: P. crudelis, P. deminutus, P. eculeus, P. ferox and P. hospitalis. Although the P. viduus group is centred in the Amazon basin, the geographic ranges of most species do not coincide with the Pleistocene forest refugia proposed by HaVer and others. A consideration of the phylogenetic relationships, distribution patterns, and host plant specificity of the ants indicates that much of the diversification of the P. viduus group occurred before the Pleistocene, and that the interactions with Triplaris and Tachigali plants are also of Tertiary origin.
Proarrhythmia related to a kinetic and dynamic interaction of mexiletine and theophylline.

Mexiletine is a group lb antiarrhythmic agent used to control ventricular dysrhythmias. Drug-mexiletine interactions have been reported,‘-4 including inhibition of caffeine metabolism5 and a report of increased theophylline levels with gastrointestinal symptoms.6 We recently observed a patient with a potentially important mexiletine-theophylline interaction. A 55year-old man with diet-controlled diabetes mellitus, mild hypertension, and a history of smoking, had two acute anterior wall myocardial infarctions in 1971 and two-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, left ventricular aneurysmectomy, and encircling subendocardial resection in 1980 for drug-resistant, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Eight months prior to admission, mild congestive heart failure was noted. One week prior to admission, he had witnessed ventricular fibrillation unassociated with an acute myocardial infarction. The ECG showed sinus rhythm, left atria1 abnormality, old anterolateral myocardial infarction, and nonspecific ST-T wave abnormalities. A multiple gated acquisition scan (MUGA) ejection fraction was 23%. Rhythm monitoring in the Coronary Care Unit (with summaries every 8 hours of recorded memory events) revealed multiform premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) at a frequency of <lO/hr, and couplets or triplets of fewer than 1 event per hour (Fig. 1, upper panel). On electrophysiologic testing, the patient was induced by double extrastimuli into a rapid sustained monomorphic VT (R-R interval = 250 msec) with hypotension and loss of consciousness that required external cardioversion. Procainamide did not prevent reinduction of symptomatic VT. After seven doses of mexiletine (200 mg, thrice daily; level-O.9 H/ml), recurrent episodes of spontanteous nonsustained VT (10 to 29 beats) were noted for the first time (Fig. 1, middle panel). The patient was emotionally labile, and his theophylline level was 31 rg/ml. Stable theophylline dosing of 400 mg, three times daily for 11 days, with levels of 12.5 to 15.3 Kg/ml, had been documented (Table I). The nonsustained VT responded to lidocaine; both mexiletine and theophyl-
Hybrid covalent/ionic self-assembly of second order nonlinear optical films

A multilayer deposition scheme has been developed based on alternating covalent and ionic binding between successive layers to yield organic films with inherent polar order. Electro-optic coefficients of 20 pm/V have been observed
Re: "Experience with a practice quality improvement system in a university radiology department".

I was pleased to read the continuing medical education article by Theresa Kouo, MD [1], and fully upport the development of a cenralized Practice Quality Improveent (PQI) system. I agree that hared educational goals among aculty members, fellows, and resients should be brought together to nhance one another’s productivty, the sharing of credit, mentorhip, and collaboration. At my own nstitution, we recently launched n online database tool to match esearchers engaged in clinical, ranslational, and basic science reearch with motivated residents nd students interested in gaining esearch experience. However, how o harmonize these educational eforts remains a persistent challenge
Environmental Regulation of Neurotransmitter Phenotypic Expression in Sympathetic Neurons

The development of cellular specialization within the nervous system requires precise mechanisms for regulating expression of diverse neurotransmitter phenotypes. Neuronal choice of transmitter does not depend solely on intrinsic cellular information, but is influenced by neuronal interactions with the environment.
Non-Abelian magnetic monopoles

It is shown that a general, irreducible, SU(n), Sp(n), SO(2n) monopole with maximal symmetry breaking is determined by its spectral data. For SU(n) with minimal symmetry breaking the spectral data is defined and also shown to determine the monopole.
The B-Side of Oblivion: Context and Identity in Michael Thomas’s Man Gone Down

The narrator in Michael Thomas’s Man Gone Down is routinely objectified as a Black male, intimidating to men and sexually exotic to women. Class and culture tensions stem from the narrator’s urban poor upbringing in Brooklyn and his wife’s suburban New England childhood. The narrator’s mother, heavily influenced by the racial movements of the 1960s, admonishes her son to become a leader of his people. Her encouragement, although well intended, yields similar results to his objectification: unrealistic standards that seem impossible to meet. He is conditioned not to question the disparity between his capabilities and what he perceives others want from him. The result: His body and activity are policed by others to achieve externally imposed goals that are rarely desirable or familiar. Furthermore, he rarely questions the ethical implications of meeting these compulsory obligations. This is the primary issue I raise in this article.
Taming Big Data: Using App Technology to Survey Social Media Users

Social media websites have inspired considerable attention from social scientists in recent years because they offer the potential to collect an unprecedented amount of data about social relationships in situ. Though millions of lines of texts can be mined from such sites in seconds, these data lack critical information about the broader social context of social media users and their online activity. In this article, I introduce Social Media Survey Apps (SMSAs) to address these limitations. These new tools 1) extract large amounts of data about social media users; 2) survey these users to collect additional data required by a researcher; and, 3) return the results of a scholarly analysis — or financial compensation — back to the user to incentivize participation in social science research. SMSAs thus provide an efficient, cost-effective, safe, and easily scalable tool for systematically extracting highly detailed data from very large samples of social media users. This article describes the software engineering and internet infrastructure necessary to create an SMSA and provides an illustration of this new technology as part of a study of how non-profit organizations attract public attention on Facebook. I conclude with a discussion of the logistical and legal issues that may arise in the implementation of this new methodology and suggest directions for SMSAs on Facebook and other social media sites.
Abstract 12: MR-Oxygen Metabolic Index (OMI) is Superior To Diffusion-Perfusion Mismatch For Predicting Tissue Fate in the Ischemic Penumbra

Background: MR oxygen metabolic index (OMI) is an MR approach closely related to PET-CMRO 2 . We directly compared infarct probabilities in predicted penumbral tissue defined by OMI to that of diffusion-perfusion mismatch (DPM) in a cohort of acute stroke patients. Methods: 38 acute ischemic stroke patients were imaged at 3.0 hr (tp1), 6.2 hr (tp2), and 1 month (tp3) after onset. Dynamic susceptibility contrast and asymmetry spin echo measured CBF and OEF, respectively. OMI=CBFxOEF. Co-registered voxels were normalized to the non-ischemic hemisphere. OMI- and DPM-derived thresholds (for core/penumbra and penumbra/oligemia) were directly compared by examining infarct probabilities (IP) in 4 tissue categories subdivided by reperfusion status: (1) tissue that died regardless of reperfusion ( core ); (2) tissue that died without reperfusion ( penumbra_non-reperfused ); (3) tissue that survived with reperfusion ( penumbra_reperfused ); and (4) tissue that survived regardless of reperfusion ( oligemia ). “Average prediction error” (APE), a metric combining the differences for each tissue group’s predicted IP from the ideal IP (Table). The predictive abilities of OMI- vs. DPM thresholds were applied to each patient and the IP for each of the 4 tissue groups was calculated and averaged across the population, and compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Previously determined OMI thresholds were 0.22 and 0.42 relative to the non-ischemic hemisphere; DPM thresholds were based on DEFUSE-2 criteria [core=ADC 2 /s, Tmax>6s; penumbra=ADC >600mm 2 /s, Tmax>6s; oligemia=ADC>600mm 2 /s, Tmax Results: Infarct probabilities for OMI and DPM are shown (Table): IP penumbra_non-reperfused was higher with OMI compared to DPM (74% vs. 56%, p Conclusions: OMI thresholds predict reperfusion-dependent tissue outcome in the penumbra better than DPM.
Metal release from sandstones under experimentally and numerically simulated CO2 leakage conditions.

Leakage of CO2 from a deep storage formation into an overlying potable aquifer may adversely impact water quality and human health. Understanding CO2-water-rock interactions is therefore an important step toward the safe implementation of geologic carbon sequestration. This study targeted the geochemical response of siliclastic rock, specifically three sandstones of the Mesaverde Group in northwestern Colorado. To test the hypothesis that carbonate minerals, even when present in very low levels, would be the primary source of metals released into a CO2-impacted aquifer, two batch experiments were conducted. Samples were reacted for 27 days with water and CO2 at partial pressures of 0.01 and 1 bar, representing natural background levels and levels expected in an aquifer impacted by a small leakage, respectively. Concentrations of major (e.g., Ca, Mg) and trace (e.g., As, Ba, Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sr, U) elements increased rapidly after CO2 was introduced into the system, but did not exceed primary Maximum Contam...
Holocaust Survivors: A Study in Resilience

This study presents the results of qualitative interviews with thirteen Holocaust survivors who described their stories of purpose and hope. It recounts how each survivor met untoward circumstances during this time of crisis. Suggestions are made for how social workers can use this knowledge to promote client resilience and coping strategies.
Optical Study of the Cerebral Microcirculation with Coherent Hemodynamics Spectroscopy: a Paced Breathing Protocol

We applied a novel method, Coherent Hemodynamics Spectroscopy, to study the cerebral microcirculation using hemodynamic oscillations. We report microvascular transit times, blood volume, and autoregulation measurements on eleven healthy subjects.
Studies on the Role of Lysine and Protein in the Regulation of Lipogenesis by the Turkey Poult

Two feeding trials were conducted with Large White turkey poults to determine the role of lysine or protein level on growth and in vitro lipogenesis in turkey poults. Basal 23 and 30% protein diets were formulated with corn and soybean meal. Lysine HCl was added to the 23% protein diet in varying quantities. The soybean-to-corn meal ratio was adjusted in another series of diets to increase the lysine and protein levels. Growth and feed consumption were noted as functions of either lysine or protein levels. In vitro lipogenesis from alanine, lactate, or acetate was determined in the first experiment, whereas in vitro lipogenesis from acetate was determined in the presence of lactate or alanine in the second experiment. Lysine HCl increased (P less than .05) in vitro lipogenesis; however, increasing the lysine level with soybean meal decreased (P less than .05) lipogenesis. A great decrease in lipogenesis occurred when the protein level was increased from 25.3 to 26.8%. Lactate and alanine were used by liver tissue as substrates for lipogenesis and increased (P less than .05) lipogenesis from acetate.
En busca de una educación equitativa: La implementación de políticas lingüísticas y culturales estadounidenses

En la historia estadounidense la educacion que no pertenece a la sociedad dominante no ha sido valorizada, e incluso ha sido desvalorizada. La politicas estadounidenses de asimilacion en la educacion, trataron siempre de disuadir a los estudiantes de mantener su cultura o cultivar sus lenguas. Hoy los estudiantes que no hablan ingles como primera lengua, son obligados a conformarse a las reglas culturales impuestas y a olvidarse de sus culturas. Este papel expone el contexto historico de las politicas educativas-formales e informales- dando luz a los primeros esfuerzos de proveer una educacion equitativa y las politicas que han desmantelado dichos esfuerzos. La consequencia de estas politicas a llevado a que educadores y alumnos y miembros de familia vivan en una constante presion de demostrar crecimiento educativo. Lamentablemente, los esfuerzos y las metas alcanzadas no han ayudado a mejorar la educacion de los estudiantes que aprenden ingles como otra lengua. Especificamente este papel se enfoca en el impacto, consequencias y estado actual de la Ley No Child Left Behind .
The Information Content of Residual Income in the OTC Market

Residual income is fit for the high-tech enterprises to embody the ability to create value.But in the real environment of the OTC market,the effects of residual income for investment decision are often ignored.This paper puts forward the computational method of RIPS(Residual Income per Share) to apply to the main body of the OTC market(the New Third Board of Shenzhen).Through the empirical study during the period of 2009—2010 years,the research produces a result: the analysis results of all samples show that the RIPS have useful information contents.And the staging test samples show that the RIPS in 2009 had useless information contents.But,the RIPS in 2010 could be helpful for the investors.Moreover,by comparing the information contents of RIPS with that of EPS,the research discovers the effects of RIPS for investment decision are as good as those of EPS.The RIPS and EPS have equivalent reference value.
On the Quantifier Concept Through Russian Prism

The quantifier in Chinese is one part of speech to express the quantity unit.Although there is no part in Russian corresponding to that in Chinese,the particular form changes give all kinds of Russian expression to Chinese quantifier concept.The essay tries to find out the expressions corresponding to Chinese quantifier concept from abundant expressions in Russian along Chinese-Russian orientation.
Pseudo-rigid-body models for circular beams under combined tip loads

Abstract Circular beams can offer potential advantages to designers of compliant mechanisms and provide useful alternatives to other types of compliant elements. However, they pose unique challenges due to lack of effective models for predicting deformation upon loading. In this work, the kinematic and stiffness properties of circular beams with uniform cross sections subjected to combined force and moment loads are represented using pseudo-rigid-body models. The pseudo-rigid-body models serve as numerical approximations for easy derivation of mechanism equations, and also enable quick solutions using multi-body software packages. The models are derived by comparisons against beam theory, and the values of the parameters are presented in the form of fitting functions for a large range of arc angles. The validity and applicability of these models in analysis are demonstrated with the example of a micro-force sensor. Their use in design is demonstrated with the case of developing flexure mechanisms for microspines in grasping applications, with comparisons against Finite Element Analysis to prove their accuracy and speed. The PRB models can serve as tools facilitating design of compliant mechanisms with circular beams.
Effects of flyway‐wide weather conditions and breeding habitat on the breeding abundance of migratory boreal waterbirds

Anthropogenic habitat loss and climate change are among the major threats to biodiversity. Bioclimatic zones such as the boreal and arctic regions are undergoing rapid environmental change, which will likely trigger changes in wildlife communities. Disentangling the effects of different drivers of environmental change on species is fundamental to better understand population dynamics under changing conditions. Therefore, in this study we investigate the synergistic effect of winter and summer weather conditions and habitat type on the abundance of 17 migratory boreal waterbird species breeding in Finland using three decades (1986–2015) of count data. We found that above-average temperatures and precipitations across the western and northern range of the wintering grounds have a positive impact on breeding numbers in the following season, particularly for waterbirds breeding in eutrophic wetlands. Conversely, summer temperatures did not seem to affect waterbird abundance. Moreover, waterbird abundance was higher in eutrophic than in oligotrophic wetlands, but long term trends indicated that populations are decreasing faster in eutrophic than in oligotrophic wetlands. Our results suggest that global warming may apparently benefit waterbirds, e.g. by increased winter survival due to more favourable winter weather conditions. However, the observed population declines, particularly in eutrophic wetlands, may also indicate that the quality of breeding habitat is rapidly deteriorating through increased eutrophication in Finland which override the climatic effects. The findings of this study highlight the importance of embracing a holistic approach, from the level of a single catchment up to the whole flyway, in order to effectively address the threats that waterbirds face on their breeding as well as wintering grounds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Role of hydroxyl radicals in microsomal oxidation of alcohols

A series of hydroxyl radical (•0H) scavenging agents competitively inhibited microsomal oxidation of ethanol and 1-butanol. The inhibition by the scavengers was specific since these agents had no effect on catalase-dependent oxidation of ethanol, microsomal drug metabolism or microsomal electron transfer. Chemical evidence for production of •OH during microsomal electron transfer was provided by the generation of appropriate products from •OH scavenging agents. H2O2 was shown to play a role as a precursor of •OH. Fe-EDTA increased microsomal oxidation of ethanol without affecting drug metabolism. A role for cytochrome P-450 in catalyzing •OH generation remains to be evaluated. These results suggest that the molecular mechanism underlying the oxidation of ethanol by liver microsomes reflects the ability of ethanol to interact with •OH generated from microsomal electron transfer.
LOWER ON-TREATMENT LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN VERY HIGH RISK PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: ANALYSES FROM THE ODYSSEY TRIALS

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition was approved for treating patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) despite maximally tolerated statin. We assessed the relationship between lower