cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contemporary opinions about Mary Walker A shy pioneer of therapeutic neurology

Objective: To contribute to a better understanding of a poorly appreciated pioneer of therapeutic neurology, Mary Broadfoot Walker, MD. Background: At a time when the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) was "a source of discouragement to the patient and a cause of nightmare for the physician," Mary Walker demonstrated that temporary relief of myasthenic symptoms could be produced by subcutaneous injection of physostigmine or neostigmine (Prostigmin; Roche, Basel, Switzerland). She also pioneered the concept of a circulating factor as the etiology of myasthenia and was the first to report hypokalemia in familial periodic paralysis. Throughout her career she was dependent on her salaried jobs as a medical officer in several large London hospitals and was thus forced to turn down an offer of an honorary staff position with research beds. Design/Methods: Previously unpublished material written by persons who lived at the same time as Mary Walker is incorporated with the published record into an account of Mary Walker9s accomplishments as assessed by her contemporaries. Results: 1) Although Mary Walker9s 1934 report on physostigmine for MG was ignored by most of those in clinical medicine at the time, those responsible for the financing of British medical research vainly hoped that it could be used as an example of the practical outcome of basic research. 2) Her 1935 demonstration of the beneficial effect of neostigmine (Prostigmin) was greeted with general skepticism because of the rapidity with which the patient9s symptoms of myasthenic weakness improved, but she was soon vindicated by published confirmatory reports from several contemporaries. 3) Her 1938 demonstrations of what came to be known as "the Mary Walker effect" may have helped her reputation because subsequent published opinions of her contributions were generally favorable, although some people continue to disparage her even today. Conclusion: Mary Walker, with her brief case reports and her frequent demonstrations, not only offered symptomatic treatment for MG that has stood the test of time, but also provided the most convincing evidence at the time that the neuromuscular junction was the focus of the disease.
Indian Ocean World Cinema: Viewing the History of Race, Diaspora and Nationalism in Urban Tanzania

��� Discussions about cinema halls in East Africa frequently invoke the box office dominance of international films, significantly those from India. Studies of diaspora often describe the establishment of cultural and religious sites like Hindi cinemas and Hindu temples as landmark (or even metonymic) urban spaces created by overseas Indian communities, and write about how these places helped South Asians abroad negotiate their relationships with ‘home’. For example, Jyotika Virdi writes, ‘[Hindi cinema] resonates powerfully with the Indian diaspora, often becoming their only connection with the homeland... while located in places as far-flung as Australia, Africa...’ (Virdi 2003 :2 ). Scholars of Indian cinema note that, in addition to the medium of film, the special resonance of the atmospheric place of cinema halls triggers powerful diasporic memories; as Rajinder Dudrah observes about a popular theatre in Jackson Heights, New York, What marks this cinema in the minds of its patrons as a specifically desi [Indian diasporic] space? First, there is a sense of a class memory that seems to live in the place, given off by the musty air of garam masala, paan juice, and cheap air freshener, the two tiers of the theatre, vaguely recalling the expensive dress circle (or balcony) and cheap stalls of Indian movie halls. It’s a place where the staff work on very clear and wellestablished patterns of patronage, ethnic familiarity and solid business sense. (Dudrah 2006: 100)
Can Belief in God be Basic

At least since the Enlightenment, religious thinkers in the West have sought to meet the “evidentialist” challenge, that is, to demonstrate that there is sufficient evidence to warrant a rational affirmation of the existence of God. Alvin Plantinga holds that this challenge is rooted in a foundationalist approach to epistemology which is now intellectually bankrupt. He argues that the current critique of foundationalism clears the way for a fruitful reappropriation of the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition's assertion of the “basic” nature of belief in God and its concomitant relegation of the arguments of natural theology to marginal status. After critically assessing Plantinga's proposal—especially its dependence on a nonfoundationalist theory of knowledge—this essay shifts to an analysis of the transcendental Thomist understanding of the rational underpinnings of the theist's affirmation of God's existence, with particular emphasis on the thought of Joseph Marechal. It is argued that the latter position is better equipped to fend off possible nontheistic counterarguments—even in our current nonfoundationalist atmosphere—and, in fact, can serve as a necessary complement to Calvin's claim of a natural tendency in human beings to believe in God.
STEM tomography reveals that the canalicular system and α-granules remain separate compartments during early secretion stages in blood platelets.

UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: How platelets organize their α-granule cargo and use their canalicular system remains controversial. Past structural studies were limited due to small sampling volumes or decreased resolution. Our analyses revealed homogeneous granules and a closed canalicular system that opened on activation. Understanding how platelets alter their membranes during activation and secretion elucidates hemostasis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND Platelets survey the vasculature for damage and, in response, activate and release a wide range of proteins from their α-granules. Alpha-granules may be biochemically and structurally heterogeneous; however, other studies suggest that they may be more homogeneous with the observed variation reflecting granule dynamics rather than fundamental differences. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to address how the structural organization of α-granules supports their dynamics. METHODS To preserve the native state, we prepared platelets by high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution; and to image nearly entire cells, we recorded tomographic data in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In resting platelets, we observed a morphologically homogeneous α-granule population that displayed little variation in overall matrix electron density in freeze-substituted preparations (i.e., macro-homogeneity). In resting platelets, the incidence of tubular granule extensions was low, ~4%, but this increased by > 10-fold during early steps in platelet secretion. Using STEM, we observed that the initially decondensing α-granules and the canalicular system remained as separate membrane domains. Decondensing α-granules were found to fuse heterotypically with the plasma membrane via long, tubular connections or homotypically with each other. The frequency of canalicular system fusion with the plasma membrane also increased by about three-fold. Our results validate the utility of freeze-substitution and STEM tomography for characterizing platelet granule secretion and suggest a model in which fusion of platelet α-granules with the plasma membrane occurs via long tubular connections that may provide a spatially limited access route for the timed release of α-granule proteins.
In Their Own Voices: Women Redefine and Frame Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Abstract This article investigates how women-run newspapers and newsletters covered the sex amendment of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The study utilizes framing analysis to examine the editorial content of feminist publications from 1968, when the EEOC adopted regulations designed to implement the sex amendment of Title VII, until 1973, when the Supreme Court struck down First Amendment rights for commercial speech, which forced the restructuring of help-wanted classified advertising in daily newspapers. This time period also covers the beginnings of feminist journalism of the second wave of the women's movement. The study looks at two types of periodicals: NOW newsletters and news service and publications of the radical wing of the women's movement. This analysis reveals that NOW newsletters and news service framed the sex amendment of Title VII as a matter of justice and equality and, in the process, linked the matter to the broader civil rights movement through the rhetorical devices used...
The Temperature Dependence of Light-Current Characteristics of 0.98 µm Strained-Quantum-Well Lasers

Semiconductor lasers emitting in the 0.98 µm wavelength regime are promising for pumping optical fiber amplifiers and solid-state lasers. Although the short wavelength lasers are typically observed to have a high characteristic temperature T0, their differential efficiencies often decrease rapidly with temperature increase. This deterioration of laser performance can cause serious problems in many applications. In this work, we investigate the physical causes of this temperature dependence experimentally as well as theoretically with buried heterostructure InGaAs/InGaAsP/InGaP strained quantum well lasers. Laser bars of various cavity lengths were measured at temperatures between 10°C to 160°C. Testing unbonded laser bars allows us to perform detailed measurements of many lasers with similar conditions. Thus, any unintentional variations due to fabrication or cleaving can be eliminated to achieve robust estimates of general laser characteristics. Results from these measurements show an increase in the internal loss with temperature, which we attribute to free carrier absorption. The internal efficiency is measured to not change significantly for temperatures less than 120°C for this laser design. The differential gain is measured to decrease with temperature, and this along with the increase in internal absorption can account for the increase in the threshold current density.
Balancing Punishment and Treatment: Alternatives to Incarceration in New York City

This article is excerpted from Rachel Porter, Sophia Lee, and Mary Lutz9s 100-page report of the same name originally published by the Vera Institute of Justice in 2002. The report assesses the operation of the alternatives to incarceration (ATI) program for dealing with defendants accused of felonies. This research has shown that the ATI system represents a valuable sentencing option in the city. The criminal justice system in New York City includes a unique network of alternatives to incarceration: a coordinated set of programs to which judges may send criminal offenders instead of sentencing them to jail. The programs balance punishment and treatment for felony offenders without compromising public safety, and they have the potential to reduce reoffending.
Predicting HiRISE-equivalent Rock Density on Mars Using CTX Image Features

In this paper, a Bayesian framework is used to infe r HiRISE-equivalent rock density from CTX image features without needing to explicitly identify rocks. The statistical relationship between HiRISE rock density and CTX image features is modeled using Bayesian Networks. The model is enriched by including geological features—specifically, geomorphic units. The geomorphic units are identified by geologists based on different surface features visible in a variety of orbital da ta. The inclusion of geomorphology in the Bayesian framework makes it possible to not only infer HiRISE-equivalent rock density directly from CTX image features, but also to make a preliminary assessment of the representative geomorphic units. HiRISE and CTX images of the Mars Phoenix mission landing area are used in this study. Rock density e stimates from HiRISE images are used as ground truth to train the Bayesian Network using features extracted from corresponding CTX images. The approach is evaluated on a few test cases using a probabilistic estimate of landing safety based on inferred rock density from CTX image features. The initial results of this exploratory study show that predicted landing safety from the inferred rock density is very close to that obtained using actual HiRISE roc k density estimates.
Ultracompact low-threshold organic laser.

We report an ultracompact low-threshold laser with an Alq3:DCM host:guest molecular organic thin film gain layer. The device uses a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity which provides a high quality factor to mode volume (Q/V) ratio and increased spontaneous emission factor along with a small footprint. Lasing is observed with a threshold of 4.2 μJ/cm2 when pumped by femtosecond pulses of λ = 400 nm wavelength light. We also model the dynamics of the laser and show good agreement with the experimental data. The inherent waveguide geometry of the structure enables easy on-chip integration with potential applications in biochemical sensing, inertial sensors, and data communication.
Intraspecific variation in fiber properties inYucca elata andHesperaloe funifera (Agavaceae)

Yucca elata andHesperaloe funifera possess long, thin fibers that have potential for making specialty papers. The objective of this study is to examine patterns ofintraspecific variation in fiber properties in these two species. InYucca elata most of the variation in fiber length is found within populations where fiber length is highly correlated with leaf length. In contrast, inHesperaloe funifera there is significant variation between populations and random variation in fiber lengths within most populations. Within-plant variation inHesperaloe was also examined. Fiber length does not vary between leaves of different ages but does vary within leaves. Fibers from the base of the leaf are shorter and wider than those from the middle and distal sections; fibers from distal sections are narrowest.
Application of radial method to cutting any cross-section in MSGIS

The radial method, which is a kind of common calculation of judging if the point is within a polygon, is applied to the search for drill-bores inside some special area, and the technology of the drill-bore search in any sections is deeply discussed.
Research on Sports Culture Pattern

"Culture Pattern"is the conceptual,abstract,holistic"rational structure"representing the unique features of a certain cultural form.Culture pattern has always been present in the field of sport science,although received scarce attention in both practical and theoretical researches.Sports culture pattern is the stable and dominant cultural value system that mankind constructed in their sports activities in certain historical periods,which integrates activity forms,cultural manifestations,value appreciation,ideology and spirit,of sport activities.The development of sport culture pattern is a selective,creative and innovative process that mankind initiated in the field of sport science.The study of sport culture pattern is an important part and specific requirement in contemporary Chinese socialist cultural construction,as well as an active reflection of sports culture pluralism and sports globalization,which will surely exert a positive impact on the deepening of sports culture researches.
The Method of One-step Synthesis of Pure Monosterin

The production methods of monosterin nowadays were summarized.And pure monosterin was synthetized with 3-Chloro-1,2-propane and sodium stearate.The mol ratio of 3-Chloro-1,2-propane and sodium stearate was 1:1.05,and the optimal reacting time was 3 h.
Defining the Appellate Universe: Does FRCP 52(b) Impose a Duty on Litigants?

The quotations above highlight a central tension in the law: care and thoroughness versus preservation of resources. 3 One aspect of this tension is revealed by a circuit split related to the Federal Rules, in particular the question of whether Rule 52(b) imposes a duty on litigants to preserve an issue for appeal or risk waiving 4 it. Rule 52(b) provides that “[o]n a party’s motion . . . after entry of judgment, the court may amend its findings—or make additional findings—and may amend the judgment accordingly.” 5 The rule permits a party to file a motion for findings after the judgment; whether it requires such a motion in order to preserve certain issues for appeal is open to debate. In creating a record adequate for purposes of appellate review, both litigants and judges bear burdens. Litigants must, through their actions in the trial court, put the trial judge on notice that a given issue needs to be addressed (thus preserving the issue). In turn, judges in non-
Mechanical properties of silica glass predicted by a pair-wise potential in molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract Pair-wise BKS potential for silica glass was modified by changing the short-range cutoff to improve the prediction of mechanical properties. Classical molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were carried out by using this modified potential and better prediction of mechanical properties at ambient conditions and their changes with pressure at room temperature were shown. It was further observed that there was no major change in structural properties when different short-range cutoffs were used to relax the glass. To better understand the contribution of structure to the mechanical properties, samples quenched under various cooling rates and one structure optimized in first principles calculations were used. It was seen that the improvement of structure has a less effect than improving the interaction potential in determining the mechanical properties of BKS silica glass. The strength and weakness of the BKS potential for silica glass was discussed.
Selecting the Patient

Careful patient selection is vital to the success of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. As more experience has been gained, criteria for acceptance have expanded. Up to 50% of patients now originate from physicians' offices and other nonhospital settings. Currently, medical stability, insurance cover age, and availability of experienced personnel are the major selection criteria.
Physicochemical Action and Extrarenal Manifestations of Alkali Therapy

Since the last international conference on urolithiasis in 1984, citrate has received increasing recognition as an important pathogenetic factor in stone formation and as a therapeutic agent in the prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis. Since other speakers will have covered pathophysiology of hypocitraturia and clinical response to citrate therapy, I shall consider the following topics.
Finding Common Ground in Common Places

As exemplified by James Deetz’ use of Henry Glassie’s ideas, there has long been a theoretical cross-fertilization between vernacular architecture studies and historical archaeology. This chapter presents a case study in which that cross-fertilization extended beyond theory to practice in the field. The project, a joint historical archaeology and vernacular architecture study, focused on the cultural landscape of southeastern Colorado, a fertile ground for both types of investigation. In this chapter the authors discuss significant theoretical foundations common to both disciplines, and suggest ways practitioners can benefit from one another’s innovations and expertise.
What is emancipatory networking

Introduction In recent years, we have witnessed significant democratic transformations initiated by people who have been able to mobilize and organize in part through the use of social media and, more generally, ICTs. The two most prominent cases were the revolutionary overthrow of various autocratic governments in the course of the Arab Spring of 2010–11 and its aftermath, and the Occupy Wall Street/99 Percent movement of 2011–12, following on the rebellions and participatory methods initiated by the Indignatos in Spain. Predictably, perhaps, these progressive democratic movements have been followed, in the first case, by instability, renewed repression, and violence in several of the Arab countries, and, in the second, by a decline of interest and participation in Occupy and the 99 Percent movement, marked also by increased dissension about tactics and strategies in both of these contexts. What can we learn about the democratic potential of the Internet from these two cases? Going beyond online deliberation as discussed in Chapter 11, how can online networking be used to foster participatory democracy at this historical juncture? Given that the Internet in its social and political functions and its underlying technology continues to evolve rapidly, we need to try to avoid the rapid obsolescence that can mark discussions of this type. It would be helpful to keep the analysis at a somewhat general level, and focus on key features of contemporary democracy, online and off, that we want to enhance, and some rough directions for encouraging those enhancements in the future development of ICTs.
Development of a novel completely-in-the-canal direct-drive hearing device.

Objectives/Hypothesis To develop a novel completely-in-the-canal device capable of directly driving the tympanic membrane (TM) and ossicular chain from the ear canal. Study Design Development and feasibility study. Methods A voice coil actuator design was developed to drive the TM. Bench testing of the device using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and sound recording was performed. Temporal bone studies using LDV were performed using different designs of the contact tip-TM interface to find the most efficient method of sound transmission. Two short-term clinical performance studies were performed using the latest 3-mm-wide device. Comparison was made to natural sound and to the Vibrant SoundBridge floating mass transducer simulator. Results On bench testing, the device was found to have a low (<0.5%) total harmonic distortion in all frequencies above 400 Hz. Temporal bone studies revealed the device was capable of producing vibrations equivalent to 104 to 120 dB sound across most frequencies. The most efficient method of stimulation was when the device was coupled to the malleus. Short-term clinical performance studies indicated that pure tones and complex sound can be presented with the device. The sound quality of the experimental device was rated as better than the SoundBridge simulator device. Conclusions The direct-drive hearing device is capable of producing a wide range of sound frequencies and amplitudes. The device can transmit complex sound with low power requirements. Further work on the development of the device is needed for long-term and wider clinical use. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2016
Nuclear-spin optical rotation in xenon

The nuclear-spin optical rotation (NSOR) effect, which has potential applications in correlated nuclear-spin-resonance optical spectroscopy, has previously been explored experimentally and theoretically in liquid Xe. Calculations of the Xe NSOR constant are very challenging because the result is sensitive to correlations, relativistic effects, and the choice of basis, with strong cancellation between contributions from lowest and remaining states. The relativistic configuration-interaction many-body-theory approach, presented here, is promising because this approach has been successful in predicting various properties of noble-gas atoms, such as energies, oscillator strengths (OSs), Verdet constants, and photoionization cross sections. However, correlations become stronger along the sequence of noble-gas atoms and the theoretical accuracy in Xe is not as high as, for example, in neon and argon. To improve the accuracy of the Xe Verdet and NSOR constants, which are calculated as explicit sums over the excited states, theoretical values for the several lowest levels are replaced with empirical values of energies, OSs, and hyperfine structure constants. We found that the Xe Verdet constant is in excellent agreement with accurate measurements. To take into account liquid effects, empirical data for energy shifts were also used to correct the NSOR constant. The resulting Xe NSOR constant is in a good agreement with experiment, although the liquid-state effect is treated quite approximately.
Continual renewal and replication of persistent Leishmania major parasites in concomitantly immune hosts

In most natural infections or after recovery, small numbers of Leishmania parasites remain indefinitely in the host. Persistent parasites play a vital role in protective immunity against disease pathology upon reinfection through the process of concomitant immunity, as well as in transmission and reactivation, yet are poorly understood. A key question is whether persistent parasites undergo replication, and we devised several approaches to probe the small numbers in persistent infections. We find two populations of persistent Leishmania major: one rapidly replicating, similar to parasites in acute infections, and another showing little evidence of replication. Persistent Leishmania were not found in "safe" immunoprivileged cell types, instead residing in macrophages and DCs, ∼60% of which expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Remarkably, parasites within iNOS+ cells showed normal morphology and genome integrity and labeled comparably with BrdU to parasites within iNOS- cells, suggesting that these parasites may be unexpectedly resistant to NO. Nonetheless, because persistent parasite numbers remain roughly constant over time, their replication implies that ongoing destruction likewise occurs. Similar results were obtained with the attenuated lpg2- mutant, a convenient model that rapidly enters a persistent state without inducing pathology due to loss of the Golgi GDP mannose transporter. These data shed light on Leishmania persistence and concomitant immunity, suggesting a model wherein a parasite reservoir repopulates itself indefinitely, whereas some progeny are terminated in antigen-presenting cells, thereby stimulating immunity. This model may be relevant to understanding immunity to other persistent pathogen infections.
Cell Fate Modulation by Microvesicles: Transcriptionally-Mediated and Long Term in Nature

Abstract 4801 Cell-derived membrane enclosed vesicles containing mRNA, protein, microRNA, and DNA, can enter cells and effect a phenotype change. We have shown that lung-derived microvesicles enter marrow cells inducing them to express pulmonary epithelial cell-specific protein and mRNA, a variety of microRNA and to enhance their capacity to engraft in irradiated mice and express the phenotype of type II pneumocytes (Aliotta et al, Exp Hematol 38,2010). In the present studies using rat/mouse hybrid cultures and measuring species-specific mRNA, we have shown that immediately after co-culture of rat lung across from mouse marrow, mouse marrow cells express both rat and mouse specific surfactants B and C mRNA. However, when these cells are cultured in steel factor supported long-term culture, rat-specific mRNA disappears rapidly, while mouse-specific mRNA persists out to 12 weeks in liquid culture. Identical studies with rat liver cultured across from mouse marrow have shown early expression in mouse marrow of both rat and mouse albumin mRNA, but in long term in vitro culture, expression of albumin mRNA was mouse-specific. Thus, the major long-term persistent event is an alteration of transcription in the target marrow cells. In a similar fashion, marrow modulated by lung microvesicles in vitro and engrafted into lethally irradiated (950 cGy split dose) mice, evidences expression of pulmonary epithelial cell-specific mRNA or protein (surfactants) in host lung, marrow, thymus, spleen and liver 6 weeks after engraftment – the furthest time tested. These results indicate that microvesicle cell fate modulation is biologically meaningful and represents an important new mechanism for cell phenotype determination. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Plans Are Worthless but Planning Is Everything: A Theoretical Explanation of Eisenhower's Observation

The 1953–1961 US President Dwight D. Eisenhower emphasized that his experience as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe during the Second World War taught him that “plans are worthless, but planning is everything”. This sound contradictory: if plans are worthless, why bother with planning at all? In this paper, we show that Eisenhower’s observation has a meaning: while directly following the original plan in constantly changing circumstances is often not a good idea, the existence of a pre-computed original plan enables us to produce an almost-optimal strategy—a strategy that would have been computationally difficult to produce on a short notice without the pre-existing plan.
PHYSIOLOGIC DIFFERENTIATION OF LEISHMANIA SP.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the physiological differentiation of Leishmania sp. This present study was initiated with a two-fold objective: first would nutritional and physiological studies be of taxonomic value in the genus Leishmania and second would such information shed any light on the taxonomic status of L. braziliensis pifanoi. The data indicate that physiological studies are indeed useful in the differentiation of the various strains of the leptomonal forms of Leishmania. Such data in conjunction with serologic information should provide a valuable tool for the study of interrelationships and differences within the genus. Growth at varying pH values and in the presence of different carbohydrates were distinctive for the three established species pathogenic for man: L. tropica, L. braziliensis and L. donovani. The study also points out that these results do not rule out, however, the possibility that the pifanoi strain may be a distinct species as proposed by Romero and Medina in 1964.
Health Behaviors and Juvenile Delinquency

This study draws upon Kaplan’s theory of self-attitude and deviant response to examine the relationship between health behavior and juvenile delinquency. The analysis, examining data from the Monitoring the Future 2013 study, shows that health behavior is associated with multiple forms of delinquency even after accounting for illness, as well as pertinent demographic and individual factors. The findings support the position that health behaviors have a distinct theoretical relationship with delinquency related to self-attitude, separate from the effects of illness. The article builds upon prior work regarding physical health and delinquency, demonstrating that a healthy lifestyle may decrease the likelihood of delinquency through an improvement in self-attitude.
Inattention to Problematic Media Use Habits: Interaction Between Digital Media Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

As digital media (DM) access among youths continues to surge, caregivers and clinicians are concerned about problems associated with its excessive use. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have an increased risk of experiencing negative effects on sleep, academic achievement, attention, and cognitive skills. ADHD symptom severity and circumstances of DM access are among the factors that mediate these negative effects. Key interventions for parents and clinicians to assist youths with problematic DM habits and opportunities for advocacy groups and the DM industry for public health interventions are discussed.
Women's Health in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

About half of all inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are women. It is important that physicians are aware of gender-specific needs women with IBD may have. This review covers general and specific women's health issues related to their IBD. It is intended to be practical and give a brief overview of topics including body image, menstruation, contraception, cervical cancer screening, preconception counseling, anxiety, depression, pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause, skin exams, vaccines, laboratory monitoring and bone health.
Toward a Spirituality-Based Theory of Creativity: Indigenous Perspectives from India

Research in creativity has hitherto neglected the contribution of indigenous cultures, and especially the relationship between spirituality and creativity. In this chapter, I present a spirituality-based theory of creativity by synthesizing theories from the microworld or academic world of theory using the wisdom of upaniSads, the repository of Indian philosophical and psychological theories, and the lifeworld or world of practice, using the teachings of sages from Indian culture. Theory from the microworld is derived from bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, and this is corroborated by the teachings of two sages, ramaNa maharSi and nisargadatta mahArAja, from the lifeworld. This is one of the few papers or chapters that have adopted the synthesis of the lifeworld and microworld, and that has also attempted to show how spirituality is the foundation of all creativity, building a bridge between the spiritual and the material domains. The paper further examines the relevance of major Western theories of creativity in light of this indigenous theory, thus enriching the field of creativity research. Within India, the theory needs to be examined in various domains like music, dance, art, architecture, literature, and so forth, to test the generalizability of the theory. We also need to examine whether the theory presented in this paper is applicable to other indigenous cultures by studying indigenous models of creativity and examining the role of spirituality in it.
An Integrated IoT Enabled On-Demand Grocery Shopping and Delivery Cloud System Using MTComm at the Edge

In this paper, we present a novel approach to design and develop an integrated IoT enabled on-demand grocery shopping and delivery cloud (IGSDC) system using Machine Tool Communication (MTComm) method at the edge. MTComm was developed to provide remote monitoring and operation services of manufacturing machines over the Internet. Here we designed an MTComm based edge computing hub (MEH) that connects to heterogeneous physical resources using their own languages and protocols and exchanges information with cloud applications through RESTful services and XML messages. Based on IoT data acquired through MEHs, the IGSDC system tracks grocery product inventories, notifies consumers when they are running low on grocery products, and offers available purchase options from different suppliers. On the other hand, suppliers connect their warehouse robots using MEHs to the cloud by publishing their monitoring and operation capabilities and perform product delivery remotely using autonomous mobile robots. Using MEHs, users can monitor, manage, and operate their resources both locally and remotely. This paper describes different components and processes of the four-layered service-oriented IGSDC system. It also discusses how MTComm is utilized for edge computing in both environments to improve scalability and efficiency. A fully functional prototype system with several IoT devices and robots was implemented. Experiments demonstrated excellent feasibility and effectiveness of MTComm based edge computing to integrate heterogeneous in-home IoT devices with in-warehouse robots through cloud applications and provide enhanced on-demand grocery shopping and delivery services.
Ovarian Cancer Targeting Phage for In Vivo Near-Infrared Optical Imaging

Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at late stages due to current inadequate detection. Therefore, the development of new detection methods of ovarian cancer is needed. This may be achieved by phage nanoparticles that display targeting peptides for optical imaging. Here, two such phage clones are reported. Ovarian cancer binding and specificity of phage clones (pJ18, pJ24) and peptides (J18, J24) were investigated using fluorescent microscopy and modified ELISA. Further, AF680-labeled phage particles were subjected to biodistribution and optical imaging studies in SKOV-3 xenografted mice. Fluorescent microscopy and ELISA of phage and peptides showed significantly increased binding to SKOV-3 cells compared to controls. Additionally, these studies revealed that J18 exhibits specificity for ovarian cancer SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines. Further, peptides displayed increased SKOV-3 binding compared to N35 (non-relevant peptide) with EC50 values of 22.2 ± 10.6 μM and 29.0 ± 6.9 (mean ± SE), respectively. Biodistribution studies of AF680-labeled phage particles showed tumor uptake after 4 h and excretion through the reticuloendothelial system. Importantly, SKOV-3 tumors were easily localized by optical imaging after 2 h and 4 h and displayed good tumor-to-background contrast. The fluorescent tumor signal intensity was significantly higher for pJ18 compared to wild type (WT) after 2 h.
Understanding Lane-Keeping Assist: Does Control Intervention Enhance Perceived Capability?

Drivers of vehicles equipped with ADAS often show a flawed understanding of the limitations of these systems. In this study, two types of lane keeping assist (LKA) were investigated: a lane centering system that continuously repositioned the vehicle in the center of the lane, and a lane departure prevention system that intervened when the vehicle wandered near the lane edge. Driver knowledge of each LKA (and accompanied ACC) were tested over a series of five drives. Results suggest that greater capability may be attributed to the lane centering system, perhaps because its control intervention is more frequent and obvious than the lane departure prevention LKA.
Widely metastatic glioblastoma with BRCA1 and ARID1A mutations: a case report.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain neoplasm with poor survival. Despite its aggressive nature, metastatic spread of GBM is identified only rarely. While the molecular alterations associated with GBM and its subtypes are well-described, there remains a gap in understanding which alterations may predispose towards metastasis. In this report, we present a case of GBM with multi-organ metastases and discuss its genomic alterations. A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with left occipital glioblastoma (IDH-wildtype, MGMT-unmethylated), for which she underwent resection, standard chemoradiation, and then stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for local recurrence. One month after SRS, work-up for a pathologic hip fracture revealed a left breast mass, lytic lesions involving pelvic bones, and multiple pulmonary and hepatic lesions. Biopsies of the breast and bone lesions both demonstrated metastatic IDH-wildtype GBM. For worsening neurologic symptoms, the patient underwent debulking of a large right temporal lobe recurrence and expired shortly thereafter. Autopsy confirmed metastatic GBM in multiple systemic sites, including bilateral lungs, heart, liver, thyroid, left breast, small bowel, omentum, peritoneal surfaces, visceral surfaces, left pelvic bone, and hilar lymph nodes. Targeted sequencing was performed on tissue samples obtained pre- and postmortem, as well as on cell cultures and an orthotopic mouse xenograft derived from premortem surgical specimens. A BRCA1 mutation (p.I571T) was the only variant found in common among the primary, recurrence, and metastatic specimens, suggesting its likely status as an early driver mutation. Multiple subclonal ARID1A mutations, which promote genomic instability through impairment of DNA mismatch repair, were identified only in the recurrence. Mutational spectrum analysis demonstrated a high percentage of C:G to T:A transitions in the post-treatment samples but not in the primary tumor. This case report examines a rare case of widely metastatic IDH-wildtype GBM with a clonal somatic mutation in BRCA1. Post-treatment recurrent tumor in the brain and in multiple systemic organs exhibited evidence of acquired DNA mismatch repair deficiency, which may be explained by functional loss of ARID1A. We identify a potential role for immune checkpoint and PARP inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic GBM.
Imaging Surveillance of Limited-stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients After PET–CT-documented First Remission

Abstract Purpose/Objective Early stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ESHL) is highly curable, however 10-15% of patients experience relapse. We examined the utilization of follow-up imaging for ESHL patients who achieved a metabolic complete response after upfront therapy. Materials/Methods The records of adult patients treated at a single institution between 2003 and 2014 were reviewed. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and CT scan frequency was quantified during the 2 years following treatment and subsequent visits beyond 2 years. Results The study cohort contained 179 patients. The median age was 31 years; bulky disease was present in 30%. Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) or AVD was given in 97%; 75% received radiation therapy. At a median follow up of 6.9 years, the 5-year progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 93.7% and 98.1% respectively. Relapse occurred in 5% of patients (n=9) at a median of 9.1 months (range 4.6 – 27.2) from therapy. Two patients presented with symptoms prompting imaging in follow-up. Within 2 years after therapy, 376 PET-CT scans and 3325 CT scans were performed, yielding an average of 2.1 PET-CTs and 18.6 CTs per patient. Of the initial 179 patients, 113 had follow up conducted beyond 2 years post-therapy; an average of 2.7 PET-CTs and 33.2 CTs were performed. In the 2 year post therapy period, 463 scans were performed per relapse detected. Conclusion In this cohort of ESHL patients who responded completely to frontline therapy, the relapse rate was low. Routine imaging surveillance lacks clinical benefit in this patient population.
Sustained Positivity and Reinfection With SARS-CoV-2 in Children: Does Quarantine/Isolation Period Need Reconsideration in a Pediatric Population?

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a once in a lifetime public health catastrophe that has driven the world not only into a medical crisis but has pushed to the brink of economic collapse. Prevention of transmission of the replication-competent virus to the susceptible host is the key to the control of COVID-19. The phenomenon of "sustained-positivity," "reinfections," and their role in disease transmission are poorly understood in adults and not even recognized in the pediatric population yet. This information is crucial for ascertaining the quarantine/isolation period for test-positive patients. Most of the time, adult studies' results are extrapolated and applied to children, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has treated children differently than adults. Material and methods The Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval has been obtained. A retrospective electronic chart review of 989 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) positive pediatric patients was performed. The aim was to look at the existence of sustained positivity and SARS -CoV-2 reinfection in the pediatric population, as was reported in the adults. Results: We present our retrospective observational study on 989 SARS-CoV-2 positive pediatric patients; 172 of these had repeated multiple testings, 68 had multiple consecutive positive tests over time, and 27 qualified for sustained-positive status. We also report on four pediatric COVID-19 reinfections. Conclusion This is the first report on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, one of very few on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 sustained positivity and reinfection. These two phenomena occur in children also as reported in adults but have several differences. The reinfection is possible within one to three weeks of becoming negative as against adults who have been reported to become positive in a minimum of 45-90 days from becoming negative. More extensive reporting is essential to ascertain the accurate quarantine/isolation recommendation in children.
Engineering approaches for studying immune-tumor cell interactions and immunotherapy.

Summary This review describes recent research that has advanced our understanding of the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using advanced 3D in vitro models and engineering approaches. The TME can hinder effective eradication of tumor cells by the immune system, but immunotherapy has been able to reverse this effect in some cases. However, patient-to-patient variability in response suggests that we require deeper understanding of the mechanistic interactions between immune and tumor cells to improve response and develop novel therapeutics. Reconstruction of the TME using engineered 3D models allows high-resolution observation of cell interactions while allowing control of conditions such as hypoxia, matrix stiffness, and flow. Moreover, patient-derived organotypic models are an emerging tool for prediction of drug efficacy. This review highlights the importance of modeling and understanding the immune TME and describes new tools for identifying new biological targets, drug testing, and strategies for personalized medicine.
Macromarketing, the Indispensable Discipline:

The guest-editors introduce the Ruby Anniversary Issue of the Journal of Macromarketing. They provide an overview of the field, highlight the evolution and contributions of the Journal over the pas...
Multimodal Approaches to Preventing Asymptomatic Repetitive Head Injury in Adolescent Athletes

Prevention of head injuries induced by repetitive head acceleration events, rHAEs, in adolescent athletes participating in collision sports has been complicated by the erroneous labeling of such injuries as “subconcussive,” suggesting that a slightly larger magnitude blow to the head would necessarily have produced symptomatology leading a clinician to diagnose the athlete with a concussion. Rather, multimodal investigations combining different imaging techniques, cognitive assessment, and genetic and blood biomarker-based assays have revealed that the pathophysiology underlying clinical diagnosis of a concussion can accumulate from extended sequences of impacts or whiplash-like accelerations of the head, with the aggregate injury to neural tissue potentially overwhelming natural healing processes to produce sustained changes in brain structure and function. These changes may represent elevated risk for long-term neurological dysfunction. The growing understanding of the pathophysiology associated with these asymptomatic injuries serves as a starting point for potential efforts to intervene for both treatment and prevention.
Use of Natural Antimicrobials for Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes on Naturally-Cured Frankfurters

Because natural and organic cured meats including frankfurters are not permitted, by regulation, to utilize preservatives, these products may be at greater risk for growth of bacterial pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Several natural ingredients have been reported to have significant antimicrobial properties and may offer a means of increasing the safety of natural and organic cured meat products relative to bacterial pathogens. In this study, powdered concentrates from cranberries, cherries, lime and a blend of cherry, lime and vinegar were evaluated alone and in various combinations for antimicrobial impact on the growth of L. monocytogenesfollowing the inoculation of naturally cured frankfurters. The results showed that cranberry powder at 3% of the formulation achieved inhibition of L. monocytogenes in the naturally cured frankfurters that was equivalent to that of conventionally cured frankfurters during 49 days of refrigerated storage. Cranberry powder at 1% and 2% in combination with other natural antimicrobials inhibited growth for up to 35 days while the naturally cured frankfurters without additional antimicrobial ingredients showed growth after 28 days. However, quality assessment of the products showed that 3% cranberry powder was detrimental to color, sensory and textural attributes of the frankfurters, probably due to the acidic nature of the cranberry concentrate. Addition of phosphate to the formulation increased the product pH but also lessened the antimicrobial impact of the cranberry powder. Consequently, cranberry concentrate has potential as a natural antimicrobial for natural and organic cured meat products but it will be necessary to develop a means of compensating for the acidic nature of this ingredient in order to achieve practical applications in naturally cured meat products.