cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Aeroservoelastic Reliability Assessment Considering Control System Component Uncertainty

The complex nature of uncertainty propagation in aeroservoelastic systems, which are inherently multidisciplinary, makes Monte Carlo simulation methods desirable tools for statistical analysis. With the growing efficiency of analysis methods, coupled with growing computing power, such Monte Carlo methods, which were computationally impractical in the past, can now be used to simulate real flight vehicles at industry level of complexity and accuracy and allow statistical analysis of aeroservoelastic behavior on a scope and with depth not possible before. This paper describes the development of a new, fully integrated computational capability for Monte Carlo simulations of uncertain aeroservoelastic systems and presents results that add important insights regarding their reliability and overall uncertainty. The new capability allows selection of uncertain variables at all levels of modeling in all disciplines involved. As an important example, the focus of the work described here is the sensitivity to uncer...
Visual analytics for software engineering data

Abstract Many data analysis techniques require substantial knowledge and skills and are typically performed by “data scientists”. Ordinary users may find it difficult to apply these techniques to quickly explore the data by themselves. We propose MetroEyes, a visual analytics tool for interactive data exploration. We have successfully transferred the main concepts and experiences of MetroEyes to Microsoft Power BI.
Lifestyle Therapy as Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity

Obesity is a chronic disease of excess adiposity that affects approximately one-third of the adult population in the USA with a growing prevalence worldwide. Obesity has been one of the most challenging complex diseases because of the overwhelming influence of the obesogenic environment. Despite this challenging environment, lifestyle interventions for obesity can be successful at creating a negative energy balance, the cornerstone of obesity management. The methods of lifestyle therapy for obesity treatment can be individualized to target associated risk factors, enhance adherence to a treatment plan, and lead to sustained maintenance of weight loss. Using dietary modification, physical activity, and behavioral counseling, the practitioner can address the physiological and behavioral underpinnings that contribute to calorie imbalance and excess weight gain. This chapter reviews the components of effective and individualized lifestyle therapy strategies to prevent and treat obesity.
Volatile Semiochemicals Increase Trap Catch of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Corn and Soybean Plots

This study reports on the attractiveness of volatile chemicals to green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) as measured by catch on yellow sticky traps within corn [Zea mays L. (Cyperales: Poaceae)] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae)] plots. Green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in two tests in soybean plots. Follow-up testing in corn showed that catch of green lacewings was enhanced when traps were baited with eugenol, its structural analog isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol; trap catch of green lacewings was greater with these compounds than with structural analog, 4-alllylanisole. In a follow-up test in soybean, more green lacewings were caught on traps baited with isoeugenol than with 4-allylanisole. Catch did not differ among traps baited with eugenol, isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol or among those baited with eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, or the ethanol control. In a 6-wk experiment in soybean, green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in 5 of 6 wks but to traps baited with structural analog methyl eugenol in only 1 wk. Flower flies were attracted to 2-phenylethanol in initial tests in corn and soybean plots. Subsequent testing in soybeans with 2-phenylethanol and structural analogs confirmed attraction to 2-phenylethanol and also showed attractancy of 2-phenylacetaldehyde but not benzylamine. A 6-wk test in soybean found that flower flies were also attracted to traps baited with either eugenol or methyl eugenol. This is the first report of green lacewing attraction to eugenol and isoeugenol and first report of flower fly attraction to eugenol. Structure-activity relationships among attractants and practical aspects of their use are discussed.
Lost in Translation: An Epistemological Exploration of the Relation between Historical Analysis and the NOMINATE Algorithm

The NOMINATE algorithm has become the most important analytical tool used in the study of the United States Congress. As such, congressional scholars have developed a great many social conventions, practices, and assumptions that enable interpretation of the statistical artifacts the algorithm produces. However, as many of these scholars recognize, serious problems emerge whenever we try to translate these statistical artifacts into language and thus attempt to assign them meaning in historical analysis. These problems are irresolvable because they reside in the very construction of the algorithm itself.
The effect of precrash velocity reduction on occupant response using a human body finite element model.

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to use a validated finite element model of the human body and a certified model of an anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) to evaluate the effect of simulated precrash braking on driver kinematics, restraint loads, body loads, and computed injury criteria in 4 commonly injured body regions.Methods: The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th percentile male occupant (M50-O) and the Humanetics Hybrid III 50th percentile models were gravity settled in the driver position of a generic interior equipped with an advanced 3-point belt and driver airbag. Fifteen simulations per model (30 total) were conducted, including 4 scenarios at 3 severity levels: median, severe, and the U.S. New Car Assessment Program (U.S.-NCAP) and 3 extra per model with high-intensity braking. The 4 scenarios were no precollision system (no PCS), forward collision warning (FCW), FCW with prebraking assist (FCW+PBA), and FCW and PBA with autonomous precrash braking (FCW + PBA + PB)....
Sequential Rosettes Drive C. elegans Ventral Nerve Cord Assembly.

Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling orients developmental events in vertebrates and invertebrates, including convergent extension (CE). In this issue of Development Cell, Shah and Tanner et al. (2017) report that ROBO/SAX-3 signaling acts in parallel with PCP signaling to drive the CE required for ventral nerve cord assembly in C. elegans.
Audience Based View of Publication Impact

With increasing pressure to demonstrate a return on investment, scientific user facilities and government funded research projects must strive to demonstrate positive impact of their research on others. Historically, citation counts and journal impact factor have been widely used as a single quantitative measure of impact. However, with the expansion of various modes of communication, citation counts no longer hold as much merit as a single measure of impact. This work seeks to expand on citation counts by considering the audience to which a publication draws attention. Based on communication mode, there are various audiences that may be "impacted" but those audiences are not fully captured by citation count. Consequently, we propose that impact measures for publications should be oriented around the audience with quantifiable measures based on the various communication modes.
The Skeptical Business Searcher: The Information Adviser's Guide to Evaluating Web Data, Sites and Sources: by Robert Berkman. Medford, NJ: Information Today, Inc., 2004. 281 p. $29.95 (paperback). ISBN 0-910965-66-8

Abstract Linda Heichman reviews The Skeptical Business Searcher, Kitti Canepi reviews Fundamentals of Collection Development and Sarah Sutton reviews Building an Electronic Resources Collection. Serials Review 2005; 31:230–235.
Diameters of Polytopes

This and the next chapter are concerned with paths on polytopes. References are given, unsolved problems are stated, and some outlines of proofs are included. Most of the results have previously appeared in the literature but a few of them are new.
Observation of Y *+ (1385)K + and N *++ (1236)ρ 0 Decays of a Nucleon Resonance

An analysis of $p\ensuremath{-}p$ interactions at 6 BeV/c indicates the presence of a $T=\frac{3}{2}$ nucleon resonance with mass near 2.0 ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c}}^{2}$, with decay modes ${Y}^{*++}(1385){K}^{+}$, ${N}^{*++}(1236){\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$, and ${N}^{*++}(1236){\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. A peripheral production model for the reaction $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{N}^{*++}(1950)$ gives excellent agreement with the data, with a cross section for ${N}^{*++}(1950)$ production and subsequent decay into ${Y}^{*+}{K}^{+}$ of 13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 \ensuremath{\mu}b.
Optimal decarbonization pathways for urban residential building energy services

Abstract Strategies for decarbonizing residential building energy services can be divided into three categories: (1) shifting to less carbon-intensive fuels in the building energy supply mix, (2) adopting more energy-efficient end-use appliances, and (3) improving the thermal properties of buildings. We develop an optimization model that incorporates all three strategies, and determines the least-cost decarbonization pathway by balancing these levers and leveraging their synergistic relationships. Hourly service demand profiles are established using appliance-level empirical data and the CitySim building energy simulation software. We apply this framework to the residential buildings sector of Austin, Texas, which is a valuable test case due to its ambitious climate policy, rapid population growth, and strong space cooling demand in line with the shift of building energy demand toward warmer regions in the U.S. and globally. Results show that optimal decarbonization relies primarily on the electrification of end-uses and concomitant decarbonization of electricity supply. End-use appliance efficiency plays a comparatively minor role, limited to specific end-uses like lighting, space heating, and water heating. Upgrading building thermal efficiency significantly reduces the cost of climate policy, revealing an important policy complementarity between carbon reduction measures and building energy codes.
High-Dimensional Data in Genomics

This paper provides a brief introduction to high-dimensional data as it arises in biopharmaceutical research, especially genomics, and offers an overview of several data analysis concepts and techniques that could be used to explore and analyze such data. An example is used to illustrate the methods.
Instruction Quality or Working Condition? The Effects of Part-Time Faculty on Student Academic Outcomes in Community College Introductory Courses:

More than half of community college courses are taught by part-time faculty. Drawing on data from six community colleges, this study estimates the effects of part-time faculty versus full-time facu...
Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits of Mouse Forelimb S1 Are Organized Primarily as Recurrent Loops

Cortical projections to the thalamus arise from corticothalamic (CT) neurons in layer 6 and pyramidal tract-type (PT) neurons in layer 5B. We dissected the excitatory synaptic connections in the somatosensory thalamus formed by CT and PT neurons of the primary somatosensory (S1) cortex, focusing on mouse forelimb S1. Mice of both sexes were studied. The CT neurons in S1 synaptically excited S1-projecting thalamocortical (TC) neurons in subregions of both the ventral posterior lateral and posterior (PO) nuclei, forming a pair of recurrent cortico-thalamo-cortical (C-T-C) loops. The PT neurons in S1 also formed a recurrent loop with S1-projecting TC neurons in the same subregion of the PO. The PT neurons in the adjacent primary motor (M1) cortex formed a separate recurrent loop with M1-projecting TC neurons in a nearby subregion of the PO. Collectively, our results reveal that C-T-C circuits of mouse forelimb S1 are primarily organized as multiple cortical cell-type-specific and thalamic subnucleus-specific recurrent loops, with both CT and PT neurons providing the strongest excitatory input to TC neurons that project back to S1. The findings, together with those of related studies of C-T-C circuits, thus suggest that recurrently projecting thalamocortical neurons are the principal targets of cortical excitatory input to the mouse somatosensory and motor thalamus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Bidirectional cortical communication with the thalamus is considered an important aspect of sensorimotor integration for active touch in the somatosensory system, but the cellular organization of the circuits mediating this process is not well understood. We used an approach combining cell-type-specific anterograde optogenetic excitation with single-cell recordings targeted to retrogradely labeled thalamocortical neurons to dissect these circuits. The findings reveal a consistent pattern: cortical projections to the somatosensory thalamus target thalamocortical neurons that project back to the same cortical area. Commonalities of these findings to previous descriptions of related circuits in other areas suggest that cortico-thalamo-cortical circuits may generally be organized primarily as recurrent loops.
Marginal effects and incremental effects in two-part models for endogenous healthcare utilization in health services research

In health services research, endogenous healthcare utilization refers to the notion that the choice of utilizing health services is endogenous due to its correlation with the intensity of utilization outcomes, such as the number of emergency room visits. Greene in (Empir Econ 36:133–173, 2009) extended four conventional two-part models for zero-abundant count utilization to the two-part models that account for endogenous utilization. However, statistical inference on the (average) marginal and incremental effects in these models has not been carefully studied. The present article provides the estimation formulations for (average) marginal and incremental effects of the four two-part models: zero-inflated Poisson and negative binomial models, and hurdle Poisson and negative binomial models with correlated errors that characterize endogenous healthcare utilization. The variance estimation derived from the delta method is provided to facilitate the statistical inference of these effects. We then perform simulation studies to numerically justify our methodology. An empirical study is presented to investigate the average effects of household income and health insurance status on healthcare utilization with the German Scocioeconomic Panel data. The four models give consistent results regarding interpretations for moral hazards and adverse selection in the study.
Leveraging a required e-portfolio course to meet multiple needs: Student assessment, curriculum improvement, and accreditation.

Abstract Background Learning portfolios enable student pharmacists to connect program outcomes and related learning experiences to future practice as healthcare providers. Assessment programs also require data to inform decisions regarding curriculum quality and maintain program accreditation. Our goal was to create a portfolio meeting multiple needs, including learning improvement, curricular assessment, and accreditation. Educational activity In this required, longitudinal, learning e-portfolio course, students upload artifacts and reflect on how the corresponding learning experiences link to program outcomes and their own continuous professional development. Baseline and annual self-assessment ratings and guided reflections document progress toward learning outcome attainment. Individualized formative feedback from pharmacist reviewers develops student capacity for reflection, improves ability to assess their own strengths and weaknesses, and promotes lifelong learning. De-identified quantitative and qualitative data is shared with stakeholders for purposes of improvement. Critical analysis of the educational activity Through deliberate design of the course, a corresponding plan for assessment, and modification of portfolio software platform reporting capabilities, the program has been able to acquire rich quantitative and qualitative data regarding individual student and cohort performance. This has enabled us to review these data to make improvements in individual learning experiences and make informed decisions regarding curricular effectiveness and accreditation requirements as part of the collegiate assessment plan. This course provides a wealth of opportunity for student growth and generation of assessment data, but it is best suited for programs with ample support resources to maintain its integrity as designed.
Spatially localized sono-photoacoutic activation of phase-change contrast agents

Sono-photoacoustic (SPA) activation lowers the threshold of phase-change contrast agents by timing a laser shot to coincide with the arrival of an acoustic wave at a region of interest. The combination of photothermal heating from optical absorption and negative pressure from the acoustic wave greatly reduces the droplet's combined vaporization threshold compared to using laser energy or acoustic energy alone. In previous studies, SPA imaging used a broadly illuminated optical pulse combined with plane wave acoustic pulses transmitted from a linear ultrasound array. Acoustic plane waves cover a wide lateral field of view, enabling direct visualization of the contrast agent distribution. In contrast, we demonstrate here that localized SPA activation is possible using electronically steered/focused ultrasound pulses. The focused SPA activation region is defined axially by the number of cycles in the acoustic pulse and laterally by the acoustic beam width. By reducing the spot size and enabling rapid electronic steering, complex activation patterns are possible, which may be particularly useful in therapeutic applications.
Patterns of intraspecific trait variation along an aridity gradient suggest both drought escape and drought tolerance strategies in an invasive herb.

Background and aims In water limited landscapes, some plants build structures that enable them to survive with minimal water (drought resistance). Instead of making structures that allow for survival through times of water limitation, annual plants may invoke a drought escape strategy where they complete growth and reproduction when water is available. Drought escape and resistance each require a unique combination of traits and, therefore, plants are likely to have a suite of trait values that are consistent with a single drought response strategy. In environments where conditions are variable, plants may additionally evolve phenotypically plastic trait responses to water availability. Invasive annual species commonly occur in arid and semi-arid environments and many will be subject to reduced water availability associated with climate change. Assessing intraspecific trait variation across environmental gradients is a valuable tool for understanding how invasive plants establish and persist in arid environments. Methods In this study, we used a common garden experiment with two levels of water availability to determine how traits related to carbon assimilation, water use, biomass allocation, and flowering phenology vary in California wild radish populations across an aridity gradient. Key results We found that populations from arid environments have rapid flowering and increased allocation to root biomass; traits associated with both drought escape and tolerance. Early flowering was associated with higher leaf nitrogen concentration and lower leaf mass per area; traits associated with high resource acquisition. While trait values varied across low- and high-water treatments, these shifts were consistent across populations indicating no differential plasticity across the aridity gradient. Conclusions While previous studies have suggested that drought escape and drought resistance are mutually exclusive drought response strategies, our findings suggest that invasive annuals may employ both strategies to succeed in novel semi-arid environments. As many regions are expected to become more arid in the future, investigations of intraspecific trait variation within low water environments help to inform our understanding of potential evolutionary responses to increased aridity in invasive species.
The Role of 'Good Prosecutors' in Advancing Access to Criminal Justice

Jurisdictions around the world have adopted “access to justice” as an objective for regulation of the legal profession. Despite the widespread recognition of the importance of access to justice, there is no consensus on its meaning. Often commentators and advocates use the term to refer access to civil legal services for low income clients. In this article, Professor Bruce A. Green persuasively explains why such a connotation is entirely too narrow. He challenges readers to consider the meaning of “justice,” asking provocatively, “what happened to criminal justice?” One reason that I recommend reading this article is that it illuminates the pivotal role that prosecutors play in the pursuit of criminal justice and identifies specific steps that prosecutors should take to avert individual injustices, as well as systematic injustices.
COVID-19-Induced Bile Duct Casts and Cholangitis: A Case Report

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection can lead to various complications involving all of the major organ systems. Gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are commonly associated with this condition. Biliary complications from COVID-19 constitute an area of active research. In this report, we present a case of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in a critically ill patient (SSC-CIP) associated with COVID-19. A 57-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension and diabetes presented to the hospital with signs of sepsis. He had abdominal pain, fever, and elevated liver enzymes without an elevated lipase. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan showed a dilated common bile duct (CBD) with a distal CBD stone. He had experienced a prolonged course of severe critical illness related to COVID-19 prior to this episode, with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, thromboembolic complications, and he had also required tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube. The patient was diagnosed with cholangitis and was appropriately treated with antibiotics and fluid resuscitation. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed. During ERCP, the biliary cast was removed and a bile duct stent was placed. After the procedure, he showed significant improvement and was discharged on an appropriate course of antibiotics. Outpatient ERCP was eventually done to remove the stent and further bile duct casts were removed. The patient was referred for outpatient cholecystectomy. Critical illness due to COVID-19 can result in SSC-CIP. This can be further complicated by bile duct casts, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis.
ICU survivorship: What PAs need to know.

ABSTRACT: The number of people surviving critical illnesses is larger than ever. Many of these patients will rely on physician assistants (PAs) to facilitate their care after discharge from the ICU. As a result, PAs must be able to recognize and treat the numerous short- and long-term challenges this vulnerable population faces, especially given the recent surge of critically ill patients resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Experience With Clinical Cough Assessment

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if students (clinicians-in-training) and clinicians of speech-language pathology assess cough during clinical swallow evaluations. We also sought...
Electrons in Solids

The next two chapters are devoted nonrelativistic many-body physics. Most of the fundamental ideas of the preceding chapters, such as Wick’s theorem and Feynman diagrams, can be carried over to these systems with very little modification. The principal complications stem from the absence of Lorentz invariance and its convenient linking of momentum and energy into a single four-vector.
Virus structure: high-resolution perspectives.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relation of high-resolution views of viral components to interactions in the assembly as a whole and in turn to mechanisms at various stages in the infectious cycle. The systems described in the chapter demonstrate protein-structural bases for specificity and control. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) illustrates a number of important features of a regulated assembly process. The two distinct states for the axial interface appear to guarantee a highly cooperative and reliably regulated transition. Fidelity—that is, preferential incorporation of viral RNA—is ensured by the kinetics of initiation. RNA size determines the overall length of the helix because RNA is required to stabilize the helical form of subunit interaction at physiological pH. Assembly of icosahedral structures, though different in geometric detail from TMV, presents significant analogies. The first stages of disassembly of enveloped viruses are better understood in light of the demonstration of entry via coated vesicles and low pH-induced fusion in endosomes. Structural properties of the influenza virus hemagglutinin that correlate with fusion activity are also described in the chapter.
Approximation by DNF: examples and counterexamples

Say that f : {0, 1}n → {0, 1} e-approximates g : {0, 1}n → {0, 1} if the functions disagree on at most an e fraction of points. This paper contains two results about approximation by DNF and other smalldepth circuits: (1) For every constant 0 < e < 1/2 there is a DNF of size 2O√n that e-approximates the Majority function on n bits, and this is optimal up to the constant in the exponent. (2) There is a monotone function F : {0, 1}n → {0, 1} with total influence (AKA average sensitivity) I(F) ≤ O(log n) such that any DNF or CNF that.01-approximates F requires size 2Ω(n/ log n) and such that any unbounded fan-in AND-OR-NOT circuit that .01-approximates F requires size Ω(n/ log n). This disproves a conjecture of Benjamini, Kalai, and Schramm (appearing in [BKS99, Kal00, KS05]).
Faculty and Librarian Collaboration on Problem-Based Learning

This report describes a case study using a collaborative model of problem-based learning in library instruction as an innovative alternative to traditional methods. The authors examine the use of problem-based library instruction in three courses, including an examination of the results of the assignment students were given as part of the exercise. The authors found that the problem-based learning model increased student engagement with library resources and provided a mechanism for identifying and correcting deficiencies in studentsâ information literacy knowledge and skills. If a specific session of library instruction is intended to provide guidance on the use of the library for a particular assignment or project, then using a problem-based learning approach in collaboration with teaching faculty is a simple way to improve library instruction.
The Process of Infection with Bacteriophage φX174: XVII. Effects of Specific Metabolic Interruptions

The effects of metabolic interruptions on the infective process of bacteriophage φX174 in Escherichia coli THU (a derivative of E. coli 15, requiring thymine, histidine and uracil) have been studied. The experiments indicate that: 1.(1) the synthesis of a histidine-containing protein is necessary for the replication of the parental replicative form φX DNA; 2.(2) the continued synthesis of viral DNA is necessary to maintain a normal rate of synthesis of antiserum-precipitable viral protein; in the absence of thymidine the rate of synthesis of this protein falls off progressively; and 3.(3) there appears to be a requirement for concomitant protein and DNA synthesis to produce mature virus particles. The nature of the concomitant protein requirement is not known although it does not appear to be the anti-serum-precipitable protein.
Responses to Acute Aquatic Hypoxia in Larvae of the Frog Rana Berlandieri

The oxygen consumption of larvae of the frog Rana berlandieri Baird was reduced during exposure to aquatic hypoxia at 25°C, and under severe hypoxia the larvae lost oxygen to the water. The larvae responded to aquatic hypoxia by increasing aerial oxygen consumption and lung ventilatory frequency, and also by altering their heart rate and gill ventilation frequency. Under severe or prolonged aquatic hypoxia without access to air, Rana larvae accumulated lactate. When prevented from breathing air, the larvae were unable to compensate fully by increasing their aquatic oxygen consumption. Body size or the interaction of body size and oxygen partial pressure significantly affected the aerial oxygen consumption, the total oxygen consumption and gill ventilation frequency, but did not affect other aspects of larval gas exchange. Anuran larvae resemble air-breathing fishes in some responses to aquatic hypoxia (e.g. increased dependence upon aerial oxygen uptake and changes in ventilatory frequencies), but are unusual in some ways (e.g. oxygen loss to the water). The interactions of body size and hypoxia are not sufficient to explain why so many anuran larvae without lungs are small.
The chameleon [−r] in Yanggu: Morphological infixation or phonological epenthesis?

Unlike the garden variety suffix [−r] in Beijing and many other better known Mandarin dialects, the “diminutive” morpheme in Yanggu is noteworthy in its mercurial behavior, showing up sometimes as a suffixal [−r], [−R] (raised [r]) or [-L] (lateral retroflex) and sometimes - more surprisingly - as a “circumfixal” [-l ... r] consisting of an infixal [-l-] plus a suffixal [−r]. All previous analyses, including Yip (1992), take a morphological approach, treating [-l ... r] either as an infix-cum-suffix, or as suffixal [−r] with a floating [lateral]. Here I propose a purely phonological analysis, according to which the diminutive morpheme is an unadorned suffix [−r], while the “infixal” [-l-] is seen as a transitional lateral release between two antagonistic articulatory gestures. Infixation or circumfixation, therefore, in Yanggu is best regarded not as a morphological process, but as a by-product of ordinary suffixation.
Fatigue and caffeine effects in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles of the mouse.

In excised, curarized and massively stimulated fast-twitch mouse gastrocnemius muscles the early twitch tension enhancements (treppe) during 1/s activity between 10 and 36°C increase and affect more contractions as temperature increases. Tension output eventually declines at a temperature-independent rate. Half-relaxation time lengthens below 25°C and shortens above 25°C. During 1/0.63 s twitches half-relaxation time lengthens even at 25°C. In slow-twitch soleus muscles activity decreases twitch tension and half-relaxation time regardless of temperature. Activity shortens contraction times in both muscles. Oxygen lack induced by NaN3 cannot account satisfactorily for these results. Activation is apparently more plastic in the gastrocnemius than in the soleus, and the relationship between the rates of their activation and relaxation processes and the temperature sensitivities of these rates also seem to differ. In both muscles caffeine can convert activity-induced shortening of half-relaxation times into prolongations. In the soleus this effect is more pronounced at 30 than at 25°C. At high temperature and twitch rates caffeine reduces treppe amplitude and duration without affecting the eventual twitch tension decline in the gastrocnemius while it greatly accelerates twitch tension decline in the soleus. In both muscles intrafiber Ca2+ movements are apparently major determinants of fatigue behavior.
Norway's internal migration to new farms since 1920

Norway’s internal migration resembles that of many other nations. There are numerous currents, some strong or weak and some paralleling or opposites. The predominant one in this century has been the rural-to-urban movement. But an important counter-current, particularly since 1920, has been that to new farms. Though secondary in numbers to urbanizing and presently of little force, this intra-rural movement of Norwegians has been significant to local and national officials. Further, it might become important again but it certainly includes valuable lessons for planners in all countries.
Interactive therapy with instrumented footwear

Musical feedback can aid in learning to move properly, for example in physical therapy, sports medicine, or training. By appropriately instrumenting the body to detect the correct motion (or the motion to be avoided), and mapping its characteristics causally onto an interactive musical stream, a patient can, in certain cases, be discouraged from making the incorrect motion and encouraged to move properly. We describe a heavily instrumented pair of shoes that were developed to function as a wearable gait laboratory, and overview some of the initial work performed using these shoes for real-time interactive therapy based exploiting musical feedback.
Asymptotic normality of winsorized means

Let Xi be non-degenerate i.i.d. random variables with distribution function F, and let Xn1,…,Xnn denote the order statistics of X1,…,Xn. In trying to robustify the sample mean as an estimator of location, several alternatives have been suggested which have the intuitive appeal of being less susceptible to outliers. Here the asymptotic distribution of one of these, the Winsorized mean, which is given by n-1SnXn,sn+∑i=sn+1n−rnXni+rnXn,n−rn+1 where rn⩾0, sn⩾0 and rn+sn⩾n, is studied. The main results include a necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic normality of the Winsorized mean under the assumption that rn→∞, sn→∞, rnn−1→0, snn−1→0 and F is convex at infinity. It is also shown, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, that if the convexity assumption on F is dropped then the Winsorized mean may fail to be asymptotically normal even when X1 is bounded!
State-Space Average modelling of converters with parasitics and storage-time modulation

The State-Space, Averaging approach to modelling switching converter power stages is used to extend the analytical descriptions of the buck, boost, back-boost, and Cuk converters to include the effects of all parasitic resistances and transistor storage-time modulation. The analysis reveals for the first time a new and unexpected term in the line to output response of the Cuk converter. The new term contains a right half-plane zero produced by the energy transfer capacitance in combination with the duty-ratio-weighted sum of the on-resistances of the transistor and diode plus a non-dissipative ac resistance term due to transistor storage-time modulation. The conventional circuit model of the converter is modified to include the effects of the new term. The improved model permits an easy physical interpretation of the, new zero, which has been observed only in the Cuk converter. An extended analysis of storage-time modulation in bipolar transistor switches shows that the ac small-signal performance of a switching converter is highly dependent on the nature of the base drive. It is demonstrated that storage-time modulation in conjunction with a proportional base drive can produce instability in switching converters, even open-loop. The results of these analyses are verified experimentally and their impacts on practical converters are discussed.
Taurine fluxes in isolated cat and rat retinas: Effects of illumination

Abstract Taurine is taken up by isolated cat retinas incubated in an oxygenated medium in the light or in the dark. Onset and cessation of illumination are associated with a prompt transient release followed by reuptake of taurine; in contrast, glycine is gradually released only with onset of illumination. The uptake of taurine and the light evoked release of taurine followed by reuptake are inhibited by reduction in temperature, iodoacetate, ouabain, and absence of glucose. Similar light-evoked taurine fluxes are observed in the isolated retinas from normal rats and 30-day-old RCS rats but cannot be demonstrated in the photoreceptorless retinas from 180-day-old RCS rats. These findings support the idea that the effects of illumination on taurine fluxes depend on the viability of photoreceptor cells.
International Catalog Mix Adaptation: An Empirical Study

Striking the right balance of adaptation of the international catalog mix may be the key to profitability. U.S. catalog firms, new to international markets, have less experience in adapting than firms in more globalized industries. The literature on international marketing strategy adaptation reveals that this decision depends on the environment, industry, market, product, and characteristics of the firm. This paper examines the influence of market similarity, type of business and the firm's international experience on international catalog adaptation, and explores the effects of catalog adaptation on a firm's performance. We hypothesize that the greater the market similarity, the less likely it is that firms will adjust their catalog. We also argue than adaptation is greater for consumer catalogs than for business-to-business catalogs. A third hypothesis is that more internationally experienced firms will adapt more and a final hypothesis is that a greater degree of adaptation will increase the ...
Expression of p27Kip1, a cell cycle repressor protein, is inversely associated with potential carcinogenic risk in the genetic rodent models of obesity and long-lived Ames dwarf mice.

Introduction The association of genetic rodent models of obesity and cancer still remains a controversial issue. Although this controversy has largely been resolved in recent years for homozygous leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats and homozygous long-lived Ames dwarf mice, it is still unresolved for homozygous leptin-deficient obese ob/ob mice.
Information-statistical pattern based approach for data mining

This paper presents information theory and statistical analysis as two fundamental conceptual tools for data mining. A data mining technique based on these two conceptual tools consists of three steps. The first step is a statistical approach for discovering data patterns. The second step is an information-theoretic approach for identifying models that encapsulate the statistical behavior of the data patterns. The last step is a probabilistic approach for pattern-based inference that uncovers unknown significant event patterns.
Low-power distributed Kalman filter for wireless sensor networks

Distributed estimation algorithms have attracted a lot of attention in the past few years, particularly in the framework of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Distributed Kalman Filter (DKF) is one of the most fundamental distributed estimation algorithms for scalable wireless sensor fusion. Most DKF methods proposed in the literature rely on consensus filters algorithm. The convergence rate of such distributed consensus algorithms typically depends on the network topology. This paper proposes a low-power DKF. The proposed DKF is based on a fast polynomial filter. The idea is to apply a polynomial filter to the network matrix that will shape its spectrumin order to increase the convergence rate by minimizing its second largest eigenvalue. Fast convergence can contribute to significant energy saving. In order to implement the DKF in WSN, more power saving is needed. Since multiplication is the atomic operation of Kalman filter, so saving power at the multiplication level can significantly impact the energy consumption of the DKF. This paper also proposes a novel light-weight and low-power multiplication algorithm. The proposed algorithm aims to decrease the number of instruction cycles, save power, and reduce the memory storage without increasing the code complexity or sacrificing accuracy.
RNA and protein synthesis in the cockroach ovary.

Abstract Cytochemical and autoradiographic studies on the ovaries of Periplaneta americana indicate that pre-yolk oocytes are engaged in the synthesis of RNA and protein. RNA synthesis is associated with the chromosomes and is continuous throughout the early stages of oocyte growth. The incorporation of lysine into protein is largely cytoplasmic during the early stages, but becomes localized in the nucleolus of the older oocytes. The relation of this pattern of synthesis with respect to several classes of ribonucleoproteins is discussed.
Capacitively sensed micromachined hydrophone with viscous fluid-structure coupling

This work presents a novel design for a micromachined, capacitively sensed hydrophone. The design consists of a fluid-filled chamber constrained by two sets of membranes. The "input" membranes are arrayed around the outside of the circular chamber. Incoming sound generates a trapped cylindrical wave, creating mechanically amplified motion of the 1 mm diameter central "sensing" membrane. The membrane material is a LPCVD nitride/oxide/nitride triple-stack with respective film thickness 0.1/0.65/0.1 micron. The chamber is filled with 200 cSt viscosity silicone oil. Fluid-filling eases design constraints associated with submerging the sensor, especially with respect to exterior mass loading. Both silicon-glass anodic bonding and tin-gold solder bonding are used to form the structure, including the 5 micron sensing gap. The fluid-structure system is computationally modeled using both approximate analytic and numerical techniques. Model results indicate a 28 dB displacement gain between the motion of the "input" membranes and the "sensing" membranes. An off-chip charge amplifier, with a 10 pF integrating capacitor, is used to convert membrane motion into an electrical signal. Mean measured system sensitivity is 0.8 mV/Pa (-180 dB re 1 V/microPa) from 300 Hz-15 kHz with a 1.5 volt applied bias and a 26 dB preamplifier gain. The predicted low frequency sensitivity is 0.3 mV/Pa. The measured sensitivity exhibits considerable scatter below 7 kHz, with a standard deviation of 80%. Laser vibrometry measurements indicate that this scatter may be caused by compliance of the chip mounting scheme. Above 10 kHz, the quiescent noise is -100 dB re 1 V/rtHz. Noise characteristics exhibit a 1/f character below 10 kHz, rising to a maximum of -50 dB re 1 V/rtHz at 100 Hz.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Quality improvement projects based in the emergency department.

In the ED, established guidelines exist for the timely performance of chest radiography and administration of antibiotics in suspected communityacquired pneumonia (CAP). Quality improvement projects to improve the performance of chest radiography and report turnaround time could focus onanyaspectoftheprocess,including patient transport to and from radiology, expedited performance of the examination, and identification of the studyasurgent.Anassessmentofeach
NONLINEAR H∞ FOR SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE CONTROL

Abstract This paper presents a nonlinear H∞ state feedback attitude control design method for spacecraft large angle maneuvers, which is subject to moment-of-inertia (MOI) uncertainty. Moreover, the operation of attitude maneuver is affected by external disturbances. The attitude control design thus employs a nonlinear H∞ method to achieve stability and robustness so that both MOI uncertainty and external disturbances can be accounted for. In the paper, a solution for robust spacecraft attitude control is conjectured and shown to satisfy the nonlinear H∞ criterion. This results in a nonlinear H∞ control law that is capable of robustly stabilizing the maneuver in the presence of external disturbance and spacecraft inertia uncertainty. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
The “Pencil in the Hand of the Indian”: Cross-Cultural Interactions in Natalie Curtis's The Indians' Book1

Native American communities met the many challenges of the early twentieth century in ways that defy easy categories of “progressive” or “traditional.” Indian people used many different outlets, including cultural appeals to non-Indian audiences, to craft survival strategies. Natalie Curtis's The Indians' Book (1907), a collection of Native music, art, and folklore, became one of these outlets. Through an examination of the contributions made by two Native leaders, Lololomai (Hopi) and High Chief (Southern Cheyenne), this essay considers the ways in which local Native American leaders sought to shape popular representations of their tribes. Additionally, it explores how these leaders used Curtis's work to address local political and social issues in their communities. Their efforts to influence the themes of The Indians' Book represents an attempt to, as historian Frederick Hoxie terms it, “talk back to civilization.”
Inhibitory effect of cyclic adenosine 2′,3′‐monophosphate on leucine incorporation by L5178Y cells

The specificity of the reported stimulation of protein synthesis affected by dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate in L5178Y cells was tested by assaying the effect of adenosine cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate. Protein synthesis was assayed as total acid precipitable 3H-leucine. Leucine incorporation was inhibited by adenosine cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate. Alone, and in combination with actinomycin, 2',3'-cAMP inhibited leucine incorporation more rapidly and to a greater degree than did actinomycin alone. Since a similar potentiating effect was not observed with cordycepin, the hypothesis has been suggested that adenosine cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with some post transcriptional event, perhaps modification of existing RNA. The results further suggest that 2,3 cyclic AMP may be antagonistic of the effects of 3,5 cyclic AMP, and as such may be useful as an inhibitor of that nucleotide's action.
Multiattribute Evaluation within a Present Value Framework and its Relation to the Analytic Hierarchy Process

ABSTRACT Recent recognition of the difficulties in measuring the true economic costs and benefits of major technological alternatives, as well as the much broader scope of analysis required for the full consideration of such alternatives, has highlighted the limitations of traditional capital investment analysis methods. This has led to an interest in the use of multicriteria methods of analysis in which financial returns are treated as one of several criteria. In this paper we argue that there should be no conflict between the objective of a multicriteria analysis and that of maximizing the wealth of the firm. We introduce a framework of analysis in which a decision maker's judgments concerning the intangible and difficult-to-quantify criteria are given economic value. The framework of analysis also incorporates consistency checks on the decision maker's judgments.