cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dominant patterns of US warm season precipitation variability in a fine resolution observational record, with focus on the southwest

Spatial patterns of interannual variability in US precipitation and their forcing mechanisms are very different between the cool and warm seasons, as determined by the recent observational record. In this work, the dominant continental scale patterns of warm season precipitation variability, in the form of the standardized precipitation index (SPI), are related to their large-scale atmospheric teleconnection forcing patterns. To account for intraseasonal differences in atmospheric teleconnection patterns, the 2-month SPI is considered for the separate periods of early, June-July (JJ), and late, August-September (AS), periods, as well as the 6-month SPI for the cool season (November-April). Rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis and canonical correlation analysis are applied to determine the dominant spatial modes of SPI, their relationship to large-scale teleconnection patterns, and their possible forcing mechanisms, as seen in anomalies of 500-mb geopotential height, sea surface temperature (SST), and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Two dominant quasi-stationary Rossby wavetrain teleconnections appear to govern US warm season precipitation variability: (1) a mode that reflects the well-known out-of-phase relationship in summer precipitation between the central United States and southwest, which is related to Pacific SST forcing in early summer and Indian monsoon convection in later summer, and (2) Two phases of the Circumglobal Teleconnection pattern that are more related to precipitation variability in the south central and eastern United States The southwest United States region relating to the variability of the North American Monsoon is considered within the continental scale variability patterns associated with the warm season. This work is a subset of a larger project to determine if tree-ring records from the southwest United States are reliable proxies for extending the warm season climate record. It also provides a benchmark for assessing how US warm season climate patterns may be assessed in regional climate models used for seasonal forecast or climate change projection purposes.
Enhancing online error detection through area-efficient multi-site implications

We present a new method to identify multi-site implications that can significantly increase the fault coverage of error-detecting hardware without increasing the area overhead. This method intelligently divides the input space about the functions of internal circuit sites and finds new valuable implications that can share gates in checker logic.
Estimated Dietary Intakes of Vitamin B-6

Most of the researchers who have estimated dietary intakes of vitamin B-6 have utilized the composition tables in Home Economics Research Report No. 36 (1). The values given in this bulletin as well as those published by others (2–7) were obtained mainly via microbiological assay, generally Saccharomyces uvarum, ATCC No. 9080. Vitamin B-6 is found mainly bound to the protein portion of foods; however, the vitamin may also be present in food in its free state. Pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM) are the forms of the vitamin usually found in animal products; whereas pyridoxine (ol, PN) is the predominant form in plant products (8). The relative potency of PN, PL, and PM in man has not yet been determined.
Probing the Regulatory Domain Interface ofd-3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase with Engineered Tryptophan Residues

Abstract d-3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli is a homotetrameric enzyme which is allosterically regulated by the end product of its pathway, l-serine. The enzyme binds 4 l-serine molecules at two interfaces formed by the noncovalent association of the regulatory domains. The two domains that comprise each interface are related by an approximately 180° axis of symmetry, and two serine molecules bind at each interface by forming a hydrogen bond network between the domains. A model has been proposed that suggests that serine functions by drawing adjacent domains together and that this in turn translates a conformational change to the active site. A tryptophan residue has been engineered into the helices flanking the regulatory interfaces that displays significant quenching in response to serine binding. Residues on the adjacent subunit appear to be primarily responsible for the tryptophan quenching and thus support the hypothesis that serine binding leads to an increase in the proximity between residues on neighboring subunits. Serine binding studies show that this quenching, as well as inhibition of enzymatic activity, are essentially complete when only two of the four serine binding sites are occupied. The requirement for only one serine per interface is consistent with the notion that the interface is formed by relatively rigid domains and that hydrogen bonding at only a single site is all that is required to substantially close the interface. The fluorescence quenching in response to l-serine binding generally correlates with enzymatic inhibition, but there appears to be a slight lag in inhibition relative to quenching at low serine concentrations. The observed fluorescence quenching of residues in the regulatory domains of d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase provide the first direct evidence for a conformational change in response to effector binding and provide a means to monitor the first step in the allosteric mechanism.
A Reappraisal of Rb, Y, Zr, Pb and Th Values in Geochemical Reference Material BHVO-1

The geochemical reference material BHVO-1 was analysed by a variety of techniques over a six year period. These techniques included inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS and ICP-AES, respectively), laser ablation ICP-MS and spark source mass spectroscopy. Inconsistencies between the published consensus values reported by Gladney and Roelandts (1988, Geostandards Newsletter) and the results of our study are noted for Rb, Y, Zr, Pb and Th. The values reported here for Rb, Y, Zr and Pb are generally lower, while Th is higher than the consensus value. This is not an analytical artefact unique to the University of Notre Dame ICP-MS facility, as most of the BHVO-1 analyses reported over the last ten to twenty years are in agreement with our results. We propose new consensus values for each of these elements as follows: Rb = 9.3 ± 0.2 μg g-1 (compared to 11 ± 2 μg g-1), Y = 24.4 ± 1.3 μg g-1 (compared to 27.6 ± 1.7 μg g-1), Zr = 172 ± 10 μg g-1 (compared to 179 ± 21 μg g-1), Pb = 2.2 ± 0.2 μg g-1 (compared to 2.6 ± 0.9 μg g-1) and Th = 1.22 ± 0.02 μg g-1 (compared to 1.08 ± 0.15 μg g-1). Le materiau certifie de reference BHVO-1 a ete analyse par differentes techniques sur une periode de six annees. Ces techniques incluaient les couplages entre source plasma et spectrometrie de masse et spectroscopie d'emission (ICP-MS et ICP-AES respectivement), le couplage ICP-MS - laser et la spectroscopie de masse aetincelle. Des incoherences ont ete trouvees entre les resultats de notre etude et les donnees generalement admises reportees par Gladney et Roelandts (1988, Geostandards Newsletter), ceci pour les elements Rb, Y, Zr, Pb et Th. Nos valeurs pour Rb, Y, Zr et Pb sont en general plus basses et celles de Th b-plus elevees que les valeurs generalement admises. Ce ne peut pas etre un artefact analytique liea notre service ICP-MS puisque la majorite des valeurs publiees ces dix a vingt dernieres annees sont en accord avec les notres. Nous proposons donc les valeurs recommandees suivantes: Rb = 9.3 ± 0.2 μg g-1 (a comparer a 11 ± 2 μg g-1), Y = 24.4 ± 1.3 μg g-1 (a comparer a 27.6 ± 1.7 μg g-1), Z r = 172 ± 10 μg g-1 (a comparer a 179 ± 21 μg g-1), Pb = 2.2 ± 0.2 μg g-1 (a comparer a 2.6 ± 0.9 μg g-1) et Th = 1.22 ± 0.02 μg g-1 (a comparer a 1.08 ± 0.15 μg g-1).
Bioactive Dietary Polyphenols Decrease Heme Iron Absorption by Decreasing Basolateral Iron Release in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

Because dietary polyphenolic compounds have a wide range of effects in vivo and vitro, including chelation of metals such as iron, it is prudent to test whether the regular consumption of dietary bioactive polyphenols impair the utilization of dietary iron. Because our previous study showed the inhibitory effect of (-) -epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and grape seed extract (GSE) on nonheme iron absorption, we investigated whether EGCG and GSE also affect iron absorption from heme. The fully differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cells grown on microporous membrane inserts were incubated with heme (55)Fe in uptake buffer containing EGCG or GSE in the apical compartment for 7 h. Both EGCG and GSE decreased (P < 0.05) transepithelial transport of heme-derived iron. However, apical heme iron uptake was increased (P < 0.05) by GSE. Despite the increased cellular levels of heme (55)Fe, the transfer of iron across the intestinal basolateral membrane was extremely low, indicating that basolateral export was impaired by GSE. In contrast, EGCG moderately decreased the cellular assimilation of heme (55)Fe, but the basolateral iron transfer was extremely low, suggesting that the basolateral efflux of heme iron was also inhibited by EGCG. Expression of heme oxygenase, ferroportin, and hephaestin protein was not changed by EGCG and GSE. The apical uptake of heme iron was temperature dependent and saturable in fully differentiated Caco-2 cells. Our data show that bioactive dietary polyphenols inhibit heme iron absorption mainly by reducing basolateral iron exit rather than decreasing apical heme iron uptake in intestinal cells.
Very high-Q insensitive active RC networks

A new circuit realizing high stable Q 's is presented. The frequency dependence of the operational amplifiers, which has been the principal limiting factor for high Q at higher frequencies for networks presented in the literature, has been taken into account. The performance of the new network is shown to be superior to the realizations thus far presented in the literature for the following reasons. The Q realized by the new circuit is independent of the operational-amplifier bandwidth, which results in a stable response. The realization is also insensitive to manufacturing tolerances and, therefore, it can be readily tuned for the desired Q and center frequency without encountering any stability problems.
Nine Steps to Constructing High-Quality Chip Seals

If chip seals are constructed properly, they are a cost-effective means of extending the useable life of hot-mix asphalt pavements. Over the years, chip seals have been criticized because they sometimes do not perform as expected. This paper discusses the steps necessary to build chip seals that perform well, including project selection, specifications, material quality, and construction methods.
Thermal Gelation of Previously Cooked Minced Meat from Jonah Crab (Cancer borealis)

: Crab processing typically involves picking meat from whole cooked product. Remaining meat can be recovered as mince and potentially processed into value-added products. This study focused on gelation of commercially processed crab mince. Objectives of the research were to determine the effects of cryoprotectants, freezing, and various heat treatments on gel formation of washed mince from previously cooked crab. Previously frozen minced meat from thermally processed Jonah crab was washed to remove soluble components. Four different treatments were applied to the washed mince: (1) freezing with cryoprotectants, (2) freezing with no cryoprotectants, (3) no freezing with cryoprotectants, and (4) no freezing with no cryoprotectants. Unwashed mince was used as a control treatment. Sodium chloride (2.5%) was mixed into the mince prior to stuffing into sausage casings and heating at 35 °C/30 min, 90 °C/30 min, or 35 °C/30 min followed by 90 °C/30 min. Gels were tested for proximate composition, color, water-holding capacity, and gel strength. All mince samples formed gels except for the unwashed control. Gels with no cryoprotectants had 10% to 20% greater water holding capacity, lower L* values, and greater gel strength than those with cryoprotectants. Freezing of washed mince resulted in lower water-holding capacity of gels and higher a* values. A 2-stage heating treatment resulted in gels with the greatest gel strength, whereas gels cooked at 35 °C had the greatest distance to fracture. Results indicate that protein gels can be formed using previously cooked crab meat, which may be useful in the development of value-added products.
Three Empirical Strategies for Teaching Statistics

This paper employs a three-step process to analyze three empirically supported strategies for teaching statistics to BSW students. The strategies included: repetition, immediate feedback, and use of original data. First, each strategy is addressed through the literature. Second, the application of employing each of the strategies over the period of eight years of classroom application is outlined and discussed. Third, the three strategies are evaluated by students.
MAC intelligence for adaptive multimedia in 802.11 networks

Services in wireless networks must be capable of receiving information about the network and adaptively tune their transport parameters to the underlying networking conditions and technologies. A central problem in wireless transports is obtaining reliable metrics of congestion. How can lower layers assist transports and what is the performance tradeoff with pure peer-to-peer end-to-end solutions? We design and evaluate a lower layer assistance architecture. We focus on adding minimal intelligence to lower layers, according to the end-to-end principle. We find that we can adequately solve the measurement problem by minimal medium access control (MAC) assistance and describe an architecture that can aid transports over wireless links. The MAC-assisted solution is scalable to large number of flows, where the performance of pure end-to-end transports deteriorates rapidly. An improvement factor of 30-50 is exhibited in our experiments. We argue that including this minimal additional functionality in the MAC is sufficient for transports. It is also necessary when compared with end-to-end techniques.
Perceived efficacy of e-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy among successful e-cigarette users: a qualitative approach.

Nicotine is widely recognized as an addictive psychoactive drug. Since most smokers are bio-behaviorally addicted, quitting can be very difficult and is often accompanied by withdrawal symptoms. Research indicates that nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can double quit rates. However, the success rate for quitting remains low. E-cigarettes (electronic cigarettes) are battery-powered nicotine delivery devices used to inhale doses of vaporized nicotine from a handheld device similar in shape to a cigarette without the harmful chemicals present in tobacco products. Anecdotal evidence strongly suggests that e-cigarettes may be effective in helping smokers quit and preventing relapse, but there have been few published qualitative studies, especially among successful e-cigarette users, to support this evidence. Qualitative design using focus groups (N = 11); 9 men and 2 women. Focus groups were conducted by posing open-ended questions relating to the use of e-cigarettes, comparison of effectiveness between NRTs and e-cigarettes, barriers to quitting, and reasons for choosing e-cigarettes over other methods. Five themes emerged that describe users’ perceptions of why e-cigarettes are efficacious in quitting smoking: 1) bio-behavioral feedback, 2) social benefits, 3) hobby elements, 4) personal identity, and 5) distinction between smoking cessation and nicotine cessation. Additionally, subjects reported their experiences with NRTs compared with e-cigarettes, citing negative side effects of NRTs and their ineffectiveness at preventing relapse. These findings suggest tobacco control practitioners must pay increased attention to the importance of the behavioral and social components of smoking addiction. By addressing these components in addition to nicotine dependence, e-cigarettes appear to help some tobacco smokers transition to a less harmful replacement tool, thereby maintaining cigarette abstinence.
Regulation of E-selectin expression in postischemic intestinal microvasculature

Monolayers of cultured endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation exhibit a transcription-dependent increase in E-selectin expression and E-selectin-dependent neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion. The overall objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) promotes upregulation of E-selectin in vivo; 2) if so, to define the mediators of this response; and 3) to assess the contribution of E-selectin to I/R-induced neutrophil recruitment. The dual-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) technique was used to measure E-selectin expression in the intestinal vasculature. Ischemia was induced by complete occlusion (30–60 min) of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 3–24 h of reperfusion. Increasing durations of ischemia elicited progressively increasing (2- to 5-fold) levels of E-selectin expression, with the peak response noted after 45 min of ischemia and 5 h of reperfusion. Subsequent experiments revealed that I/R-induced increase in E-selectin expression (at 5 h...
A 'Constant and Difficult Task': Making Local Land Use Decisions in States with a Constitutional Right to a Healthful Environment

This article examines the role local governments play in four states that have constitutional rights to a healthful environment – Illinois, Pennsylvania, Montana, and Hawaii. Scholars such as John R. Nolon and Patricia E. Salkin have long noted that local governments work as quiet yet integral third partners with state and federal government by addressing environmental issues through land use regulation. Because local government jurisdiction extends to areas not reached by federal and state laws, and because local government is most familiar with the resources in its jurisdiction, its role in assessing environmental impacts can be profound. But for local governments in environmental rights states, environmental protection is not just an aspiration, but a constitutional mandate. Thus, this article in Part I argues that environmental rights cannot be fully protected without the strong engagement of local government. Part II of this article then sets forth the constitutional provisions of Illinois, Pennsylvania, Montana, and Hawaii and summarizes how the environmental rights case law intersects with the land use law in each state. Here, the article updates much earlier comparative scholarship on environmental rights, using a land use lens. This comparative analysis reveals some remarkable differences among the four states, as well as important commonalities that help us predict future developments in environmental rights jurisprudence. This part also builds on the observations of Barton “Buzz” Thompson and other environment rights scholars who have noted a gap between the constitutional right to a healthful environment and its regulatory implementation. It is local government that can fill much of this gap. In Part III, this article combines the theoretical with the practical by presenting a checklist of topics that local governments can consider in designing regulations that protect environmental rights. Even in states lacking a constitutional right provision, local governments can benefit from the practical suggestions offered here. These suggestions are drawn from a comparative analysis of cases and statutes in the four environmental rights states. Although state variations require some differences in approach, the article concludes that when local governments proactively address environmental rights, they will create land use processes that better protect the environment, provide consistency and predictability for landowners, and are more likely to be upheld on appeal.
Effect of a Ti-capped and Ti-mediated Layer on Co Silicide Formation

We comparatively studied the formation of ultra thin Co silicides, Co2Si, CoSi and CoSi2, with/without a Ti-capped and Ti-mediated layer by using rapid thermal annealing in a N2 ambient. Four-point-probe sheet resistance measurements and plan-view electron diffraction were used to characterize the silicides as well as the epitaxial characteristics of CoSi2 with Si. We found that the formation of the Co silicides and their existing duration are strongly influenced by the presence of a Ti-capped and Ti-mediated layer. A Ti-capped layer promotes significantly CoSi formation but suppresses Co2Si, and delays CoSi2, which advantageously increases the silicidation-processing window. A Ti-mediated layer acting as a diffusion barrier to the supply of Co suppresses the formation of both Co2Si and CoSi but energetically favors directly forming CoSi2. Plan-view electron diffraction studies indicated that both a Ti-capped and Ti-mediated layer could be used to form ultra thin epitaxial CoSi2 silicide.
Regional Similarities and Consistent Patterns of Local Variation in Beach Sand Bacterial Communities throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

UNLABELLED Recent characterization of the bacterial community structure in beach sands has revealed patterns of biogeography similar to those observed in aquatic environments. Studies to date, however, have mainly focused on subtidal sediments from marine beaches. Here, we investigate the bacterial diversity, using Illumina-based sequencing of the V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene, at 11 beaches representing those next to the Great Lakes, Florida, and the Pacific Ocean. The alpha diversity differed significantly among regions (P< 0.0001), while the within-region diversity was more similar. The beta diversity also differed by region (P< 0.001), where freshwater sands had significantly higher abundances of taxa within the Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia than marine environments. In contrast, marine sands harbored greater abundances of Gamma proteobacteria and Planctomycetes, and those from Florida had more Delta proteobacteria and Firmicutes Marine beaches had significantly different phylogenetic community structures (P ≤ 0.018), but freshwater and Florida beaches showed fewer within-region phylogenetic differences. Furthermore, regionally distinct patterns in taxonomic variation were observed in backshore sands, which had communities distinct from those in nearshore sands (P< 0.001). Sample depth minimally influenced the community composition. The results of this study reveal distinct bacterial community structures in sand on a broad geographic scale but moderate regional similarity and suggest that local variation is primarily related to the distance from the shoreline. This study offers a novel comparison of the bacterial communities in freshwater and marine beach sands and provides an important basis for future comparisons and analyses to elucidate factors affecting microbial ecology in this underexplored environment. IMPORTANCE This study presents a large-scale geographic characterization of the bacterial communities present in beach sands. While previous studies have evaluated how environmental factors influence bacterial community composition, few have evaluated bacterial communities in freshwater sands. Furthermore, the use of a consistent methodology to characterize bacterial communities here allowed a novel comparison of communities across geographic regions. We reveal that while the community composition in sands at individual beaches is distinct, beach sands within the same region harbor similar assemblages of bacteria and these assemblages differ greatly between regions. In addition, moisture, associated with distance from the shoreline, strongly influences the bacteria present in sands and more strongly influences the bacteria present than sample depth does. Thus, the data presented here offer an important basis for a broader characterization of the ecology of bacteria in sands, which may also be relevant to public health and resource management initiatives.
MIT Roundtable on Corporate Risk Management

What we have here, says Merton, against the backdrop of financial crisis, a distinguished group of academics and practitioners discusses the contribution of financial management and innovation to corporate growth and value, along with the pitfalls and unintended consequences of such innovation. The main focus of most panelists is the importance of a capital structure and risk management approach that complement the strategy and operations of the business. Instructive examples are provided by Judy Lewent, former CFO and head of strategic planning at Merck, and Lakshmi Shyam-Sunder, director of finance and risk management at the International Finance Corporation. But if these represent successful applications of finance theory, what about the large number of cases where the use of derivatives and other innovations has led to high leverage and apparent risk management failures? Part of the current trouble, as pointed out by Andrew Lo, can be attributed to the failure of risk managers and their models to account for highly improbable events - the so-called fat tails of the distribution. But, as Robert Merton suggests in closing, there is a more comprehensive explanation for today's problems: the tendency of market participants to respond to potentially risk-reducing financial innovation by increasing their risk-taking in other areas.
The challenges of weight loss for obese older adults

O adults world-wide are becoming obese at an alarming rate. More than 35% of U.S. men and women were obese in 2009– 2010. There was no significant difference in prevalence between men and women at any age. The World Health Organization reports that worldwide over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were obese in 2011. The purpose of this research is to understand the challenges older adults face when trying to lose weight. A focus group with older adults who have struggled with trying to lose weight revealed that these older adults are frustrated by their lack of sustainable success in weight loss. They felt that lack of knowledge is not the problem. They all understood that weight loss involves the balance of nutrition and exercise but found weight loss difficult, with weight lost quickly regained. Difficulties cited were living alone and not wanting to cook for one, the expense and short shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables, medications, eating out of habit, fast food, lack of motivation, eating for comfort, and more difficulty exercising. More research is needed on the difficulty of losing weight among older adults who are basically healthy but want to lose weight before the advent of serious health consequences such as diabetes or reduced mobility. A greater understanding of what strategies can be successfully implemented could also contribute to reduced health care costs by preventing diseases which are costly in terms of health care dollars as well as quality of life.
Abstract 3466: Tumor pericytes: A novel target for immune therapy in renal cell carcinoma

Tumor vasculature is classified by leaky, chaotic blood vessels consisting of several components including vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and mural cells (smooth muscle cells and pericytes), as well as immune regulatory cells, stem cells and vascular progenitors. Irregular tumor vasculature limits immune effector cell access to the tumor, and may in part be responsible for the modest success observed in many current anti-cancer immunotherapies. Certain drugs targeting tyrosine kinase receptors expressed on tumor stromal cells induce a Type-1 proinflammatory skewing of the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a coordinate reduction in the number of immune regulatory cell populations. A transient normalization of the vasculature may also occur in association with enhanced leukocyte recruitment. We have shown that vaccination against tumor-associated stromal antigens leads to the activation of VCAM-1 expression on tumor vascular endothelial cells and the enhanced recruitment of protective Type-1 T cells into the TME. Currently little is known regarding pericyte biology and their behavior in the TME, with no existing treatments specifically targeting pericytes. We hypothesize that pericytes residing in the TME differentially express antigens that distinguish them from pericytes in healthy tissue, and vaccination specifically targeting tumor pericyte antigens will result in vascular normalization and improved delivery of protective Type-1 T cells into the TME. To address these hypotheses, we examined mRNA expression of pericytes and VEC that have been flow-sorted from human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors and patient-matched normal adjacent kidney (NAK) tissue. We have identified antigens that are differentially expressed by pericytes and/or by VEC in the TME versus NAK (such as RGS5). We are currently investigating the therapeutic efficacy of genetic (lentiviral) vaccines encoding tumor-associated stromal antigens in murine tumor models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3466. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3466
Experimental study on ULF electromagnetic induction during coal and rock damage failure process

The rules of electromagnetic signals of ULF(1 kHz),VLF(5 kHz),and LF(300 kHz),as well as acoustic emission(AE)(42.3 kHz) were studied under two ways of loading including uniaxial compression and shearing with the establishment of acoustic-electric signals test system of coal and rock,and the generating mechanism of ULF electromagnetic signals was preliminarily discussed.The results show that coal and rock under uniaxial compression and shearing can produce ULF electromagnetic signals,which has a better correlation to stress than LF and VLF signals.ULF signals displays a certain degree of advance to stress and AE signals,producing 5~10 s earlier than the two parameters.The ULF electromagnetic signals measured in laboratory mainly induced by the changes of induction field due to the motion of electric charges,and the piezomagnetic effect caused by a small amount of metal mineral composition in coal and rock is another source.This study extends the research scope of EMR of coal and rock.Meanwhile,with the advantages in transmission distance and anti-jamming capability,the study is expected to achieve a breakthrough in long-range and large-scale monitoring for coal and rock dynamic disasters.
What Predicts Media Coverage of Health Science Articles

An important aspect of health science is communicating research findings to the public. The media is a critical instrument in disseminating research. Yet the process by which a scientific article becomes “newsworthy” is not well understood. In this study, we use large-scale text analysis to characterize the content features of articles that are predictive of newsworthiness. We experiment with two novel corpora: (i) 28,910 articles from a di- verse range of biomedical and health journals, of which 1,343 were covered by the news agency Reuters, and (ii) 10,760 articles from the JAMA journals, of which 846 were given press releases by the journal editors. We show that media coverage can be predicted reasonably well: logistic regression achieves mean AUCs of 0.783 and 0.882 on the Reuters and JAMA datasets, respec- tively. We present and discuss interesting findings con- cerning the most predictive content features.
A 14-in.-diagonal full-color a-Si TFT LCD

A 14-in.-diagonal full-color a-Si thin-film-transistor liquid crystal display (TFT LCD) has been developed using a novel TFT arrangement and optimizing the factors that dominate off-state characteristics. The display has 308, 160 (642 H*480 V) pixels (1,232,640 subpixels) and a high contrast ratio (more than 100:1 at the optimum viewing angle). The TFT arrangement realizes high display quality and leads to high production yield at the same time, due to a triangular pixel arrangement with straight bus lines. >
Dietrich Walter Jöns, Das “Sinnen-Bild”: Studien zur allegorischen Bild- lichkeit bei Andreas Gryphius. Germanistische Abhandlungen, 15

(1968). Dietrich Walter Jons, Das “Sinnen-Bild”: Studien zur allegorischen Bild- lichkeit bei Andreas Gryphius. Germanistische Abhandlungen, 15. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 72-74.
Overview of Basic Immunology for Clinical Investigators

Tumor exists as a complex network of structures with an ability to evolve and evade the host immune surveillance mechanism. The immune milieu which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, mast cells, B cells, and T cells are found in the core, the invasive margin, or the adjacent stromal or lymphoid component of the tumor. The immune infiltrate is heterogeneous and varies within a patient and between patients of the same tumor histology. The location, density, functionality, and the cross talk between the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment influence the nature of immune response, prognosis, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, an understanding of the characteristics of the immune cells and their role in tumor immune surveillance is of paramount importance to identify immune targets and to develop novel immune therapeutics in the war against cancer. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the individual components of the human immune system and the translational relevance of predictive biomarkers.
ETUDE THEORIQUE ET EXPERIMENTALE DES CORRELATIONS QUANTIQUES OBTENUES PAR MELANGE A QUATRE ONDES DANS UNE VAPEUR ATOMIQUE

Ce travail de these se consacre a l'etude theorique et experimentale de la generation de correlations quantiques dans le regime des variables continues par melange a 4 ondes dans une vapeur atomique. Deux approches theoriques complementaires sont developpees. D'une part, nous etudions le melange a 4 ondes sous le point de vue de l'optique non-lineaire "classique" afin d'obtenir les equations d'evolution d'un amplificateur ideal pour un milieu de susceptibilite dielectrique chi(3). D'autre part, nous presentons un modele microscopique a 4 niveaux en double-Lambda permettant de calculer le coefficient chi(3) pour une vapeur atomique en presence de laser, et ainsi obtenir theoriquement les spectres de bruit en intensite des grandeurs observees. La mise en oeuvre experimentale de ce processus sur la raie D1 du rubidium 85 est ensuite detaillee. Nous presentons notamment un taux de compression sous la limite quantique standard de -9.2dB, ainsi qu'un regime original permettant la generation de correlations quantiques sans amplification. L'ensemble de ces resultats a des applications tres importantes dans le domaine de l'optique quantique multimode. Citons par exemple l'imagerie quantique ou les memoires quantiques multimodes.
The influence of insurance type on interfacility pediatric emergency department transfers.

Abstract Background Disparities exist in the care children receive in the emergency department (ED) based on their insurance type. It is unknown if these differences exist among children transferred from outside EDs to pediatric tertiary care EDs. Objective To compare reasons for transfer and services received at pediatric tertiary care EDs between children with private and public insurance. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter survey of ED providers transferring patients to pediatric tertiary care EDs in three major U.S. cities. Risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare reasons for transfer and care received at pediatric tertiary care EDs based on insurance type. Results There were 561 surveys completed by transferring providers describing reasons for transfer to pediatric tertiary care EDs with 52.2% of patients with private insurance and 47.8% with public insurance. We found no significant differences between privately and publicly insured children in reason for transfer for subspecialty consultation or need for admission. We found no significant differences in frequency of admission, radiologic studies, or ED procedures at the receiving facilities. However, a greater proportion of privately insured children had a subspecialty consultation at receiving facilities compared to publicly insured children (RD 9.7, 95% CI 2.0 to 17.4). Conclusions Transferred pediatric patients with private insurance were more likely to have subspecialty consultations than children with public insurance. Further studies are needed to better characterize the interplay between patients' insurance type and both the request for, and the provision of, ED subspecialty consultations.
Multi-vehicle patrolling with limited visibility and communication constraints

In a communication-constrained and adversarial environment, it is an interesting and challenging problem for multiple vehicles to patrol the whole environment by sensing with their limited visibility. Early works based on deterministic paths are predictable to the adversary, and recent non-deterministic works are limited to only a circular environment and require synchronization. So, we propose a method of finding patrolling policies for multiple vehicles that monitor any polygonal environment using limited visibility regions and non-deterministic patrolling paths. First, limited visibility regions are calculated for a subset of locations that cover the whole environment or a part of the environment. Then, we find distributed patrolling policies in the form of Markov chains, using convex optimization to minimize the average expected commute time for the subset of the locations permitting each vehicle to cover the whole environment independently. We also find coordinated and Markov chain based patrolling policies that minimize the average commute time for the subset of locations permitting each vehicle to cover a part of the environment and additionally, communicate with a centralized base station. We present multiple simulation results to show the effectiveness of our visibility-based non-deterministic patrolling method.
Mechanisms in the Eye that Mediate the Biological and Therapeutic Effects of Light in Humans

Abstract Research on the therapeutic potency of “bright” light has outpaced the study of the fundamental mechanisms by which light produces its beneficial effects. Originally, it was thought that illuminances equal to or above 2,500 lux were necessary to induce biological change or therapeutic response. Data are presented which show that illuminances as low as 5 lux of monochromatic green light or 100 lux of broad band white light also can produce significant suppression of melatonin in normal human volunteers. To understand how such low levels of illumination can produce strong biological and therapeutic responses, it is necessary to examine the ocular mechanisms which mediate the photic effects. Specifically, in humans it is shown that: (1) gaze behavior relative to a light source can significantly alter the amount of light reaching the retina; (2) the age of the ocular lens can significantly modify the balance of wavelengths reaching the retina; (3) near-ultraviolet radiation traditionally considered outside of the visible spectrum can stimulate visual responses in young adults at least up to the age of 25 years; (4) pupillary dilation modulates the capacity of a light stimulus to suppress melatonin; and (5) the entire retinal field participates in melatonin regulation. Although the specific photoreceptors or photopigments which mediate the biological and therapeutic effects of light in humans presently are not known, basic data are presented on the effects of different wavelengths elucidating melatonin suppression and SAD treatment. In summary, it is useful from both a scientific as well as a clinical perspective to establish the specific mechanisms in the eye which mediate the nonvisual therapeutic and biological effects of light.
Policy Implications of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) on the Educational and Occupational Fortunes of Young Mexican-Born Adults

In this chapter I ask whether the 2012 Presidential Executive Order known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) improved the rates of employment and college attendance for unauthorized i...
Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

The analytical system described here consists of a gas chromatograph, an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer designed for operation in the negative ion mode, and a computer. The gas stream from the gas chromatograph is split in order to obtain concurrent but separate detection with a standard electron capture detector and with the mass spectrometer. The ion source of the mass spectrometer is also a duplicate of the standard electron capture detector, so that simultaneous monitoring of the ions and monitoring of the electron capture detection response can also be carried out for the reaction chamber. Negative ions observed under atmospheric pressure ionization conditions are almost always anions of strong gas phase acids. These may be formed by reaction with a gas phase basic ion, or by electron capture reactions. A few organic compounds form stable radical M− ions. Most pesticides, herbicides and fungicides, as well as numerous toxic compounds that are now environmental hazards, form stable anions and show an electron capture response. Most ordinary organic compounds do not form stable negative ions at atmospheric pressure and do not show an electron capture response. The results suggest that an analytical system of this kind will be useful for the detection and quantification of many environmentally hazardous compounds.
Coronary Stenosis Morphology: Importance of Lesion Length, Stenosis Eccentricity, Severity and Coronary Blood Flow in Clinical Decision Making

The morphology of a stenosis has a profound impact on the physiologic significance of the lesion. Blood flow through a coronary narrowing is affected by several factors, some of which were described over a century ago by Poiseuille [1], These factors include vessel size, lesion length, area of stenosis, and inlet and exit angle. Stenosis morphology may also be altered in a dynamic manner under conditions of vasodilator or vasoconstrictor stimuli. Serial stenoses of a fixed morphology also produce disturbance of blood flow to a greater degree than a more severe single stenosis. In this section, stenosis morphology and its impact on coronary blood flow will be addressed. Because of the limitations of angiography, the measurable aspects of stenosis morphology in patients are restricted to relative area reduction, length, eccentricity, and an estimate of thrombotic involvement. Studies of coronary blood flow during interventions in patients analyzed in relation to stenosis morphology have been facilitated by Doppler angioplasty guidewire measurements.
To move or not to move: the economics of cloud computing

Cloud-based hosting promises cost advantages over conventional in-house (on-premise) application deployment. One important question when considering a move to the cloud is whether it makes sense for 'my' application to migrate to the cloud. This question is challenging to answer due to following reasons. Although many potential benefits of migrating to the cloud can be enumerated, some benefits may not apply to 'my' application. Also, there can be multiple ways in which an application might make use of the facilities offered by cloud providers. Answering these questions requires an in-depth understanding of the cost implications of all the possible choices specific to 'my' circumstances. In this study We identify an initial set of key factors affecting the costs of a deployement choice. Using benchmarks representing two different applications (TPCW and TPC-E) we investigate the evolution of costs for different deployment choices. We show that application characteristics such as workload intensity, growth rate, storage capacity and software licensing costs produce complex combined effect on overall costs. We also discuss issues regarding workload variance and horizontal partitioning.
Subscripted Variables, the DATA Statement, and the Implied DO Loop

This chapter presents a different way of representing variables. In FORTRAN, each element is called a subscripted variable. Part of the name of a subscripted variable—the part that appears between the parentheses—can be changed. That part is called the subscript. The DIMENSION statement is a non-executable statement, and it should precede any executable statement in the program. For the computer to process a program that has one or more arrays in it, it should reserve a location in its memory for each element of the array. By using a DIMENSION statement, the programmer instructs the computer to do this. In a DIMENSION statement, the computer is informed what will be the largest value of the subscript of each array used in the program. The appearance in a program of a subscripted variable with a subscript larger than the one indicated in the DIMENSION statement usually produces an undesirable result.
Communication-Human Information Processing (C-HIP) Model in Forensic Warning Analysis

A model that combines human information processing with communication theory is described: the Communication-Human Information Processing (C-HIP) model. Emphasized are the factors that can influence processing at various stages. Bottlenecks in the process can reduce warning effectiveness. The C-HIP model can be used (e.g., by manufacturers) to assess warning utility. Human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) experts can use it as a method to systematically structure their warning analyses.
Labor Links and Shock Transmissions

We construct a time-varying network of labor competitors for all U.S. public companies. We show the importance of this network for transmitting labor and industry shocks. There are three main findings. First, the overlap between firms' labor competitors and product market rivals is less than 20 percent. Second, firm returns strongly respond to both the contemporaneous and lagged labor market shocks proxied by returns of the labor competitors. A long-short strategy exploiting the lagged response generates an average annualized excess return of 9.36 percent. Third, shocks to an industry can affect firms outside the industry through the labor network.
Distal intestinal obstructive syndrome (DIOS): a gastrointestinal complication of cystic fibrosis in adults

Distal intestinal obstructive syndrome (DIOS) is a gastrointestinal complication of cystic fibrosis caused by increased viscosity of intraluminal contents leading to partial or complete bowel obstruction. DIOS is often misdiagnosed or mistaken for surgical bowel obstruction or appendicitis. This can lead to unnecessary surgical intervention when DIOS should be treated medically with aggressive bowel regimen. The aim of this report is to present a case of a young female with cystic fibrosis presenting with DIOS and discuss the clinical recognition and management of DIOS.