cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of comorbidity and clustering upon referrals in primary care.

Objective: To examine the effect of patient characteristics and comorbidity on referrals in primary care. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of patient encounters and referrals during a 1-year period for a primary care network of 9 clinics. The analysis adjusted for the clustering effect of physicians and clinics on the data. Results: 23,720 specialty referrals were generated from 251,240 patient encounters, resulting in a total referral rate of 9.4 referrals per 100 encounters. Age, gender, and certain comorbid conditions were significant predictors of referral for any given encounter. Conclusions: Patient characteristics and comorbidity are predictors of referral. Studies of primary care processes need to account for clustering of physicians and clinics in their research design. (J Am Board Fam Pract 2005;18:449‐52.)
Robust In Vivo Transduction of Nervous System and Neural Stem Cells by Early Gestational Intra Amniotic Gene Transfer Using Lentiviral Vector

Presently, in vivo methods to efficiently and broadly transduce all major cell types throughout both the central (CNS) and peripheral adult nervous system (PNS) are lacking. In this study, we hypothesized that during early fetal development neural cell populations, including neural stem cells (NSCs), may be accessible for gene transfer via the open neural groove. To test this hypothesis, we injected lentiviral vectors encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene into the murine amniotic cavity at embryonic day 8. This method (i) efficiently and stably transduced the entire nervous system for at least 80% of the lifespan of the mice, (ii) transduced all major neural cell types, and (iii) transduced adult NSCs of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zones (SGZs). This simple approach has broad applications for the study of gene function in nervous system development and adult NSCs and may have future clinical applications for treatment of genetic disorders of the nervous system.
Tumors of the thyroid gland: histologic and cytologic features--part 2.

Tumors of parafollicular cells and nonepithelial tumors occur less frequently than tumors derived from follicular cells. This review summarizes the histologic and cytologic features of these neoplasms and the nonneoplastic diseases that often have to be included in the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Also, the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and frozen section interpretation in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules are discussed.
The Role of Scientific Management in Rural Electrification: Morris L. Cooke's Quest for a Better Society

Morris L. Cooke, a disciple of Frederick W. Taylor, is widely known for his work with municipal organizations. However, few know he is also regarded as the father of rural electrification in the United States. This paper examines Cooke’s struggle for rural electrification and the significant role Scientific Management had in developing and accomplishing his vision for a better society.
Mechanisms for Repeated Trade

How does feasibility of efficient repeated trade depend on the features of the environment such as persistence of values, private information about their evolution, or trading frequency? We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for efficient, unsubsidized, and voluntary trade, which implies that efficient contracting requires sufficient congruence of expectations. This translates to bounds on persistence of values and on private information about their evolution, and distinguishes increasing patience from more frequent interaction; the latter need not facilitate efficiency even when the former does. We also discuss second-best mechanisms and extend the characterization to general dynamic collective choice problems. (JEL C73, D82, D86)
A 4-to-10.5 Gb/s Continuous-Rate Digital Clock and Data Recovery With Automatic Frequency Acquisition

A continuous-rate digital clock and data recovery (CDR) with automatic frequency acquisition is presented. The proposed automatic frequency acquisition scheme implemented using a conventional bang–bang phase detector (BBPD) requires minimum additional hardware, is immune to input data transition density, and is applicable to subrate CDRs. A ring-oscillator-based two-stage fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) is used as a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) to achieve wide frequency range, low noise, and to decouple the tradeoff between jitter transfer (JTRAN) bandwidth and ring oscillator noise suppression in conventional CDRs. The CDR is implemented using a digital D/PLL architecture to decouple JTRAN bandwidth from jitter tolerance (JTOL) corner frequency, eliminate jitter peaking, and remove JTRAN dependence on BBPD gain. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, the prototype CDR achieves error-free operation (BER ${\rm{ ) from 4 to 10.5 Gb/s with pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) data sequences ranging from PRBS7 to PRBS31. The proposed automatic frequency acquisition scheme always locks the CDR loop within 1000 ppm residual frequency error in worst case. At 10 Gb/s, the CDR consumes 22.5 ${\rm{\,mW}}$ power and achieves a recovered clock long-term jitter of 2.2 ${\rm ps_{rms}}$ /24.0 ${\rm{ ps_{pp}}}$ with PRBS31 input data. The measured JTRAN bandwidth and JTOL corner frequencies are 0.2 and 9 MHz, respectively.
Unsteady Navier-Stokes Simulations of a Canard-Controlled Missile Configuration

An aerodynamic database for a canard-controlled spinning missile is generated from unsteady viscous flow simulations using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver. Time-accurate viscous flow simulations are carried out with the missile airframe spinning at a constant roll rate and the canard control surfaces locked at constant deflection angles. An arbitrary Mach number flow solver based on an unstructured grid topology and an embedded dynamic moving grid technique is employed to generate the aerodynamic database which is populated with a large number of test points covering a broad range of flow conditions. The missile aerodynamic characteristics are analyzed at different flow speeds, angles of attack, and canard deflection angles.
Instrument Panel Assay Placement and the Analysis of Man-Machine Engineering

Instrument panel bestrews all kinds of instruments and operation switches,which is the central interface of the interaction between man and machine.During the process of design,instrument panel always combines man and machine engineering closely.As the exploration of it,after every process is checked by human and machine repeatedly,such as primarily component layout,mid-term detail arrangement,car appraisal at later period,man-machine comfort of instrument panel can be attained.
Auricular Acupuncture in Emergency Department Treatment of Acute Pain.

The National Institutes of Health and the World Health Organization note that acupuncture is a safe and effective treatment for pain. Nonopioid treatment options for moderate to severe acute pain in the emergency department (ED) are limited. Additional strategies for managing acute pain in the ED are needed. Auricular Battlefield Acupuncture has been described as a simple, safe, rapid, and effective analgesic option to opioid medications in managing acute pain. We describe 4 cases in which emergency physicians with brief training performed this auricular acupuncture protocol to treat patients with acute pain in EDs when opioid analgesia was not an acceptable option.
Tropic Stimuli and the Kinetics of Basipolar Transport of Auxin

Auxin transport in the shoot is predominantly basipolar and occurs by still uncharacterized transport mechanisms. In constructing a model to define and predict patterns of auxin flow at the cellular level, data on the fine kinetics of auxin transport are desirable. We began this investigation by an examination of the movement of auxin through oat coleoptiles using a 60 sec pulse of radioactive IAA and followed by an unlabeled IAA “chase”. Radioactivity in the coleoptile was determined at 6 min intervals. We find the basipolar movement of auxin is not linear with time — it oscillates. Hertel and Flory (1968) also observed an oscillation of auxin transport through excised corn coleoptile segments. Moreover, in selecting a time for the measurement of curvature after geotropic stimulation of oat coleoptiles, we found that the geotropic curvature also follows a damped oscillation (Shen-Miller, 1970). Since geotropism is mediated by a differential distribution of auxin between the upper and lower half of a horizontal shoot, it seems possible that the gravitational stimulus could alter the pattern of periodicity of auxin transport in the upper and lower halves of a horizontal coleoptile, either via phase shifts or by changes in amplitude.
Abstract 143: Development of a Novel Electronic Preventative Cardiology Decision Aid

Objectives: Few contemporary electronic decision aids have been designed and evaluated rigorously in the realm of preventative cardiology. Our aim was to develop and test a web-based decision aid that: 1) effectively conveys information on cardiovascular disease risk as well as therapies that modify that risk, 2) improves decisional quality, and 3) is able to be efficiently implemented. Methods: We utilized the Internal Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) collaboration development process as a framework for the creation of our patient decision aid (PtDA). We conducted a literature review and convened a focus group of experts to identify risk prediction models and interventions to be included in our PtDA. Based on this, we used the AHA/ACC Pooled Cohort Risk Assessment Equations to estimate risk and included the following interventions as risk modifiers: smoking cessation, dietary modification, weight loss, exercise (grouped as healthy living options), statin therapy, and aspirin therapy. Additionally, we included evidence-based estimates on the most common side effects of aspirin and statin therapies. We then designed a web-based decision aid (located at , username and password “innovation”). We then completed several rounds of mixed-methods alpha testing of our PtDA with patients (n=36) consisting of quantitative surveys (incorporating elements of the Control Preferences Scale and the Decisional Conflict Scale) as well as semi-structured in-person interviews. Standardized patient scenarios were utilized. Finally, we surveyed 7 national experts in the field of preventative cardiology on the accuracy and usability of our PtDA. Results: The majority (92%, 33/36) of patients wished to incorporate elements of shared decision making processes when considering their care. Patients estimated risk 20 % points different from risk determined by validated calculators prior to using the PtDA. After using the PtDA, the patients’ estimation differed by less than one point from actual risk. The majority of patients knew which healthy living (94% of patients, 34/36) and medication (86% of patients, 31/36) options were available. Similarly, most patients knew the benefits of healthy living (89%, 32/36) and medication (86%, 31/36) options. The majority of patients understood the risks of medication options (89%, 32/36). In terms of feedback from our external experts (n=7), 100% of experts felt the PtDA was useful, accurate, and comprehensible to patients. All experts felt they would utilize the PtDA with their own patients. The majority of experts felt the PtDA would be best used in an exam room with a patient (67%, 4/7) and felt that the primary physician would be the best provider to review the PtDA with a patient (86%, 6/7). Conclusions: Our PtDA is highly usable and effective in conveying information regarding cardiovascular risk and common therapies to patients.
Substrate metabolism and renal function.

Glucose metabolism is related to two major renal functions. Glycolysis may be related to energy requiring function—fine adjustment of renal sodium resorption. Gluconeogenesis may be related to controlling intracellular pH and salvation of some energy otherwise wasted in acidosis.
Obviousness: the unexpected benefit of phenotypic dissimilarity

ABSTRACTEthnoraciality research consistently purports that phenotypic similarity to a reference majority benefits individual identification with a group; a notion reinforced by social identity theory. I present a counterpoint to this supposition. In-depth interviews with 101 white, black, Asian, Latino/a, and multiracial Jewish converts in three metropolitan areas show that converts who least resemble Jewish phenotypic stereotypes attain a sense of belonging within Jewishness most easily. Converts who are phenotypically similar to a Jewish prototype are tempted to pass as Jewish by birth, and those who engage in passing experience sustained anxiousness about being outsiders. Converts who are phenotypically dissimilar from the prototype do not see passing as an option, and thus bypass equivalently-sustained anxiousness and immediately work toward attaining a sense of belonging. Departing from the literature’s expectations, this case suggests that, when it releases pressure to fit a group prototype, obvious...
A Clonally Distinct Recurrence of Burkitt's Lymphoma at 15 Years

A human immunodeficiency virus-negative male was successfully treated for two occurrences of Burkitt's lymphoma, 15 years apart. As consolidation of his second remission, he underwent high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. In an effort to prove whether the second lymphoma was a relapse of the first or a second primary lymphoma, we obtained paraffin-embedded material from both lymphomas. DNA was extracted from this material and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus JH and VH region primers. Analysis of the PCR products, which mostly reflects VDJ joints, showed two sharp bands of different molecular size, proving the monoclonal nature of the lymphomas and suggesting that each had different Ig gene rearrangements. Sequencing of both PCR products showed a marked dissimilarity in nucleotide sequence in the clonally unique VDJ joint region, providing strong evidence for the separate cellular genesis of each lymphoma. These results suggest that late relapses of Burkitt's lymphoma should be examined for clonal distinctiveness. If the second lymphoma is distinct from the primary one, it might be treated as a primary lymphoma rather than as recurrent disease.
Chapter 6: Financial Planners and Advisors

An increasing number of households use financial planners or advisors. This chapter provides insight into these professionals, their potential motivations, and their interactions with clients. The various regulatory regimes of financial planners and advisors are discussed, including the most common types: registered investment advisers, broker-dealers, and insurance firms. Agency costs associated with employing a financial planner are also discussed, with emphasis on potential conflicts of interest that arise from some compensation structures. Common areas of consumer confusion are highlighted. The chapter also discusses evidence on the use and value of financial advice. It concludes with some recommendations for consumers about selecting a financial planner or advisor.
Trauma resource designation: an innovative approach to improving trauma system overtriage.

Background Effective triage of injured patients is often a balancing act for trauma systems. As healthcare reimbursements continue to decline, 1 innovative programs to effectively use hospital resources are essential in maintaining a viable trauma system. The objective of this pilot intervention was to evaluate a new triage model using ‘trauma resource’ (TR) as a new category in our existing Tiered Trauma Team Activation (TA) approach with hopes of decreasing charges without adversely affecting patient outcome. Methods Patients at one Level II Trauma Center (TC) over seven months were studied. Patients not meeting American College of Surgeons criteria for TA were assigned as TR and transported to a designated TC for expedited emergency department (ED) evaluation. Such patients were immediately assessed by a trauma nurse, ED nurse, and board-certified ED physician. Diagnostic studies were ordered, and the trauma surgeon (TS) was consulted as needed. Demographics, injury mechanism, time to physician evaluation, time to CT scan, time to disposition, hospital length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Results Fifty-two of the 318 TR patients were admitted by the TS and were similar to TA patients (N=684) with regard to gender, mean Injury Severity Score, mean LOS and in-hospital mortality, but were older (60.4 vs 47.2 years, p Conclusions Designating patients as TR prehospital with expedited evaluation by an ED physician and early TS consultation resulted in reduced use of resources and lower hospital charges without increase in LOS, time to disposition or in-hospital mortality. Level of evidence Level II
Alternative Explanations of How the Capitalist Economy in Which We Live Operates

In Congressional testimony, Alan Greenspan, the former Chairman of the Federal Reserve System, admitted that his classical theory assured him that the financial crisis should not have occurred. This chapter explains in detail why Greenspan’s theory misled him. There are two different economic theories that attempt to explain the operation of our market oriented system namely (1) the mainstream classical theory and (2) the Keynes-Post Keynesian theory. The basic difference in these theories is the underlying presumptions. Classical theory assumes each decision maker in the marketplace know the economic future while the Keynes theory asserts that the future is uncertain and decision makers know they cannot know with certainty the future outcomes of current market decisions.
Reducing the temporal demands of the Morris place-learning task fails to ameliorate the place-learning impairment of preweanling rats

Rats less than 20 days old display no evidence of place learning when trained in the Morris (1981) water task. In the present experiment, we evaluated the possibility that this impairment was a result of the immature “temporary memory buffer” that Rawlins (1985) has proposed as being critical for successful place learning. To evaluate this hypothesis, we reduced to a minimum the temporal demands of the Morris place navigation task by training pups of different ages to swim directly to a visible platform in a fixed location. All pups were then tested for place learning on the probe trial with no escape platform in the pool. In spite of being trained with a procedure that greatly reduced the temporal demands of the task, the 19-day-old pups displayed no learning of the platform’s location. Several measures of place learning indicated that 22-day-olds could learn the location of the platform. Our data thus provide no support for the hypothesis that young rats are impaired on place-learning task because of an immature temporary memory buffer.
Tilting the Energy Balance: More Energy In

One of the few reasonably reliable facts about the obesity epidemic is that it started in the early 1980s. Any theory that tries to explain obesity in America has to account for this singular feature of the epidemic.
Major Events in the North American Jewish Community, October 2010 to June 2012

President Obama’s top two Jewish aides – Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel and senior adviser David Axelrod, both with offices within shouting distance of the Oval Office – announce that they will be leaving the administration.
A connection between antimicrobial properties of venom peptides and microbial ATP synthase.

Abstract Venom peptides anoplin, cupiennin 1a, latarcin 1, latarcin 3a, latarcin 5, melittin, and pandinin 2 are known to have antibacterial properties. In the current study, we examined whether the antimicrobial properties of these venom peptides have any connection to the binding and inhibition of bacterial ATP synthase. Venom peptides inhibited Escherichia coli wild type and mutant membrane-bound F1Fo ATP synthase to varying degrees. Although significant loss of oxidative phosphorylation was observed for wild type, very little loss occurred for null and mutant E. coli strains in the presence of venom peptides. This study also reaffirms that βDELSEED-motif residues of ATP synthase are required for peptide binding. Modified venom peptides with C-terminal amide ( NH2) groups caused augmented inhibition of ATP synthase and E. coli cell death. Growth patterns of wild type, null, and mutant strains in the presence of melittin, anoplin, cupiennin 1a, latarcin 1, latarcin 3a, latarcin 5, pandinin 2, and their modified variants suggested the possibility of additional molecular targets. Our results demonstrate that the antimicrobial properties of venom peptides are connected to the binding and inhibition of bacterial ATP synthase. Moreover, selective inhibition of ATP synthase by venom peptides suggests a viable alternative to combat antibiotic-resistant microbial infections.
Response: Re: If We Don't Ask, They Won't Tell: Screening for Urinary and Fecal Incontinence by Primary Care Providers

To the Authors : We are thrilled that you took the time to read and comment on our article. Thank you for offering a cultural perspective on the stigma surrounding urinary and fecal incontinence. Importantly, you note that patients may deny that they suffer from these conditions, even when
Experiments and analysis of the internal wall pressure of a ducted rotor

Abstract This article presents unsteady wall pressure measurements from a low-speed, low-solidity rotor operating in a circular duct. A circular microphone array was placed within the duct downstream of the rotor to record the unsteady surface pressure. These data were decomposed into spatial modes and then further decomposed into hydrodynamic and acoustic pressure fluctuations. The acoustic pressure was then further separated into the acoustic source function and an acoustic transfer function. The acoustic source function from the rotor compared well with a previous formulation for turbulence interaction noise. The transfer function showed a complicated relationship with frequency, with significant local maxima and minima. These features of the duct acoustics were studied using a simplified Green's function type approach, using the method of images to represent the duct end effects. The simple analytical method was able to capture many of the detailed features of the measurements with qualitative agreement.
Transition-Metal- and Light-Free Directed Amination of Remote Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds of Alcohols

Due to the great value of amino alcohols, new methods for their synthesis are in high demand. Abundant aliphatic alcohols represent the ideal feedstock for the method development toward this important motif. To date, transition-metal-catalyzed approaches for the directed remote amination of alcohols have been well established. Yet, they have certain disadvantages such as the use of expensive catalysts and limited scope. Very recently, transition-metal-free visible-light-induced radical approaches have emerged as new powerful tools for directed remote amination of alcohols. Relying on 1,5-HAT reactivity, these methods are limited to β - or δ-amination only. Herein, we report a novel transition-metal- and visible-light-free room-temperature radical approach for remote β -, γ-, and δ-C(sp3)-N bond formation in aliphatic alcohols using mild basic conditions and readily available diazonium salt reagents.
Recent progress in systematics in China

The botanical richness of China is unrivalled in temperate latitudes, with more than 31,000 species of vascular plants, more than half of which are endemic to China. In the past few years of the new century, Chinese botanists, along with their colleagues worldwide, have made a great contribution to Chinese history of botany. In this paper, these research results, as well as their basic facilities (herbaria, libraries, collections and research team), publications (floras, papers, revisions and monographs), and new developments and trends of plant systematic in China are briefly reviewed and discussed.
NETing the mechanism of inflammation in DADA2.

In this issue of Blood, Carmona-Rivera et al have uncovered a surprising role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a potent driver of inflammatory cytokine production in an autoinflammatory disease called deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2).1
Visualization, Discriminability and Applications of Interpretable Saak Features

Abstract In this work, we study the power of Saak features as an effort towards interpretable deep learning. Being inspired by the operations of convolutional layers of convolutional neural networks, multi-stage Saak transform was proposed. Based on this foundation, we provide an in-depth examination on Saak features, which are coefficients of the Saak transform, by analyzing their properties through visualization and demonstrating their applications in image classification. Being similar to CNN features, Saak features at later stages have larger receptive fields, yet they are obtained in a one-pass feedforward manner without backpropagation. The whole feature extraction process is transparent and is of extremely low complexity. The discriminant power of Saak features is demonstrated, and their classification performance in three well-known datasets (namely, MNIST, CIFAR-10 and STL-10) is shown by experimental results.
Multi-distribution ensemble probabilistic wind power forecasting

Abstract Ensemble methods have shown to be able to improve the performance of deterministic wind forecasting. In this paper, an improved multi-distribution ensemble (MDE) probabilistic wind power forecasting framework is developed to explore the advantages of different predictive distributions. Both competitive and cooperative strategies are applied to the developed MDE framework to generate 1–6 h ahead and day-ahead probabilistic wind power forecasts. Three probabilistic forecasting models based on Gaussian, gamma, and laplace predictive distributions are adopted to form the ensemble model. The parameters of the ensemble model (i.e., weights and standard deviations) are optimized by minimizing the pinball loss at the training stage. A set of surrogate models are built to quantify the relationship between the unknown optimal parameters and deterministic forecasts, which can be used for online forecasting. The effectiveness of the proposed MDE framework is validated by using the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit. Numerical results of case studies at seven locations show that the developed MDE probabilistic forecasting methodology has improved the pinball loss metric score by up to 20.5% compared to the individual-distribution models and benchmark ensemble models.
A Measurement of the Weak Charge of the Proton through Parity Violating Electron Scattering using the Qweak Apparatus: A 21% Result

Abstract After a decade of preparations, the Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab is making the first direct measurement of the weak charge of the proton, Qweak9. Because this quantity is suppressed in the Standard Model, a 4% result will significantly constrain new physics at the TeV scale while providing the most precise measurement of sin 2 θ W at low energies. Operationally, we measure the small (about − 0.220 ppm ) parity violating asymmetry in electron–proton scattering in integrating mode while flipping the longitudinal polarization of the electrons up to 1000 times per second. Potential sources of new, parity violating interactions between electrons and light quarks include a Z ′ , lepto-quarks, and parity violating SUSY interactions. The result presented here is based on the data taken during an initial two weeks period which included a 16.7% measurement of the parity violating electron–proton ( e → p ) scattering asymmetry, A = − 0.279 ± 0.035 ( stat. ) ± 0.031 ( syst. ) ppm at Q 2 = 0.0250 ± 0.0006 ( GeV ) 2 . The weak charge of the proton is extracted by performing a global analysis on parity violating electron scattering (PVES) asymmetries on nuclear targets and it is Q W p = 0.064 ± 0.012 . Then effective vector couplings of the up/down quarks ( C 1 u / C 1 d ) and weak charge of the neutron are extracted by combining precise 133Cs atomic parity violating (APV) measurement and PVES measurements. The result is a proof of principle for the analysis of the full Qweak data to be completed in the near future.
Lexical Recognition in Deaf Children Learning American Sign Language: Activation of Semantic and Phonological Features of Signs

Children learning language efficiently process single words, and activate semantic, phonological, and other features of words during recognition. We investigated lexical recognition in deaf children acquiring American Sign Language (ASL) to determine how perceiving language in the visual-spatial modality affects lexical recognition. Twenty native- or early-exposed signing deaf children (ages 4 to 8 years) participated in a visual world eye-tracking study. Children were presented with a single ASL sign, target picture, and three competitor pictures that varied in their phonological and semantic relationship to the target. Children shifted gaze to the target picture shortly after sign offset. Children showed robust evidence for activation of semantic but not phonological features of signs, however in their behavioral responses children were most susceptible to phonological competitors. Results demonstrate that single word recognition in ASL is largely parallel to spoken language recognition among children who are developing a mature lexicon.
An Epidemiological Framework for Investigating Organized Crime and Terrorist Networks

In the last two decades, organized crime and terrorism has grown more complex, posing evolving challenges to law enforcement nationally, regionally and globally. Within the US ‘…there is a transformation in how criminals are using technology to invent new types of crime, and are creating new methods for committing traditional crimes’ (Wexler C. Critical issues in policing series new national commitment required: The changing nature of crime and criminal investigations police executive research forum, Washington, D.C. 20036 retrieved from https://www.policeforum.org/assets/ChangingNatureofCrime.pdf: 2018). In addition, criminals and terrorists have adopted more agile structural models and internationalized their operations. The UK regards organized crime as a threat to national security which costs the UK at least £32 billion each year, leads to loss of life, and can deprive people of their security and prosperity (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/official-development-assistance-oda-fco-programme-spend-objectives-2017-to-2018/combatting-serious-and-organised-crime-objectives-2017-to-2018).
Do Elementary Students Reading Motivation Levels Differ by Racial/Ethnic And/Or Immigrant Background?

Prior research indicates that students enter school with high levels of reading motivation, but levels begin to decline as soon as second grade. However, most studies rely on predominately White sa...
Characteristics of Soccer Players Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Sex- and Competitive Level–Specific Analysis:

Background:Radiographic features of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are prevalent in kicking athletes, especially soccer players. However, there remains a paucity of data on the characteristics ...
BAP1-Mutated Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives While aberrations in the VHL gene and chromosome 3p resulting in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) are well established, we know that additional mutations in chromatin remodeling genes PBRM1, SETD2, and BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) contribute to pathogenesis in some cases. Given the known aggressive clinical behavior of BAP1-mutated CCRCC, we sought to define the pathologic phenotype of BAP1-mutated CCRCC. Methods We identified 14 cases of molecularly proven BAP1-mutated CCRCC and investigated their clinicopathologic features. Results BAP1-mutated CCRCC frequently showed papillary, tubulopapillary, or expanded nested architecture; demonstrated granular to diffusely eosinophilic cytoplasm with prominent eosinophilic globules; and contained high-grade nuclei. This morphology demonstrates significant overlap with Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Immunohistochemistry notably demonstrates loss of BAP1 expression in almost all tumors, in addition to strong p504S expression. A conventional CCRCC component was frequently present adjacent to the characteristic BAP1 areas and showed retained BAP1 expression and only patchy p504S. Approximately two-thirds of BAP1-mutated CCRCCs were stage pT3, renal vein invasion was common, and 50% developed metastases. Conclusions Herein, we describe the histologic and immunohistochemical findings in BAP1-mutated CCRCC, which has important implications for utilization of molecular testing, prognosis, future therapeutics, and distinction from other RCC subtypes such as Xp11 translocation RCC.
Does Tax Increment Financing Raise Urban Industrial Property Values

The authors analyze the impact of tax increment financing (TIF) on urban industrial property values. In Chicago, it does not increase values, they find. Indeed, being located in a TIF district might lower a property's value. However, property values should not be the only measure of a TIF's efficacy, the authors say.
Invesco Ltd.: Asset Management in Transition

This case is used in Darden's second-year "Financial Institutions and Capital Markets," elective. Using Invesco Ltd. (Invesco) as an example, the case examines the strategic challenges facing the asset management industry. Marty Flanagan, Invesco's CEO, must position Invesco to compete in an industry undergoing systemic change, including active and passive products and flows, lower levels of organic growth, fee compression, softening revenues and profitability, shifting profit pools, channel dynamics and preferences, and legacy operating models. Excerpt UVA-F-1856 Nov. 7, 2018 Invesco Ltd.: Asset Management in Transition We cannot change the direction of the wind, but we can adjust the sails. —Indian proverb On April 25, 2018, Marty Flanagan, CEO of Invesco Ltd. (Invesco), reviewed his talking points in preparation for the quarterly earnings call that was to occur the following day. The quarterly results he was to discuss were largely positive: earnings per share for the quarter were in line with consensus estimates and had risen nearly 10% above the same quarter the year prior. Operating revenues and net income were up (see Exhibit1), and the company attracted strong net flows. Its average assets under management (AUM) rose by nearly 15%. . . .
Review Article: Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus Co-morbidity: A molecular Dialogue.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are two biologically linked diseases that often coexist in complex interaction. While periodontitis may lead to insulin receptor desensitization, diabetes may increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), in the gingival crevicular fluid and activate osteoclasts via Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANK-L) production, leading to bone resorption. However, the association between the two diseases processes, where one may exacerbate the progression of the other, is unclear. In addition, both diseases have similar mechanistic themes, such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This review aimed to investigate the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying T2DM and periodontitis. Highlight Uncontrolled diabetes is often associated with severe periodontitis, measured by clinical attachment loss. Alteration in the oral microbiome composition, which may activate the host inflammatory response and lead to irreversible oxidative stress, is a common finding in both diseases. An understanding of the molecular crosstalk between the two disease processes is crucial for developing therapeutic targets that inhibit bone resorption and halt the progression of periodontitis in patients with diabetes. Conclusion The Oral microbiome composition in T2DM and periodontitis shifts toward dysbiosis, favoring bacterial pathogens, such as Fusobacteria and Porphyromonas species. Both conditions are marked by pro-inflammatory immune activity via the activation of Interleukin 17 (IL-17), Interleukin 1 (IL-1), TNF-α, and Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NF-κB). Common molecular crosstalk signaling appears to involve advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 1 and oxidative stress. Thus, future drug targets are multifactorial, ranging from modulatory of host inflammatory response to preventing the accumulation of AGEs and oxidative free radicals. 2
Detecting Disturbances in a Forest Environment

The interchange between forest and nonforest land and most man-made and natural forest disturbances can be detected on 1:120,000-scale color-infrared film. Bulk multispectral scanner imagery from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite combined and enhanced at a scale of 1:1,000,000 shows major changes in forest and nonforest land-use categories, many timber harvested areas, and some natural disturbances. Late fall to late spring is the best period of the year for detecting forest disturbances. In a study in Georgia, 79 percent of the disturbances in one county were detected on an ERTS color composite for April 1973 with only 12 percent commission error.
MOSCAP Oxide Charges

Transistors form the backbone of digital devices, allowing for amplification and digital “switching” of electrical signals. One of the simplest devices is the MetalOxide-Semiconductor Capacitor (MOSCAP). The MOSCAP is analogous to a parallel plate capacitor with the Si wafer and metal layer corresponding to the positive and negative plates, and the oxide layer corresponding to the dielectric material. During the fabrication process it is likely that trapped charge impurities will become incorporated into the oxide layer of the MOSCAP. This thesis project will examine the effects of these charges on the capacitance and voltage characteristics of a MOSCAP.
Introduction of new Alcohol Binding Sites at the Lipid/Water Interface by the Incorporation of Monosialogangliosides into DPPC Liposomes

Following Overton’s early observation of the direct relationship between the efficacy of an alcohol and oil/water partition coefficient of that alcohol1, most research concerning the mechanism of action of ethanol and similar anesthetics has focused on the interior of neuronal membranes and model membrane systems. The lipid perturbation hypothesis simply states that the effects of alcohols result from changes in the fluidity of the interior of the membrane. The observed changes in membrane order, however, are usually small or occur at nonphysiological concentrations of alcohol2.
Excepted substances: a comparison of Federal and state laws.

When a state adopts an act already written for Federal control, such as the Controlled Substances Act, there inevitably will be questionable provisions arising from the final product. The following is an example of one which may be applicable to several other states.
Two Scale Technicolor

Abstract Walking technicolor theories naturally have fermions belonging to different technicolor representations and, therefore, at least two distinct energy scales below 1 TeV. We study a simplified two-scale version without ordinary color. We show that masses of light-scale technipions and technirhos are such that the latter tend always to decay to at least one W ± or Z 0 . This signatur e should be observable at the Tevatron collider for technirho masses up to 300 GeV.
Real Time Leading Indicators of the Brazilian Inflation

The goal of this paper is to construct leading indicators that anticipate inflation cycle turning points on a real time monitoring basis. As a first step, turning points of the IPCA inflation are determined using a periodic stochastic Markov switching model. These turning points are the event timing that the leading indicators should anticipate. A dynamic factor model is then used to extract common cyclical movements in a set of variables that display predictive content for inflation. The leading indicators are designed to serve as practical tools to assist real-time monitoring of monetary policy on a month-to-month basis. Thus, the indicators are built and ranked according to their out-of-sample forecasting performance. The leading indicators are found to be an informative tool for signaling future phases of the inflation cycle out-of-sample, even in real time when only preliminary and unrevised data are available.
A Strategic Approach to International Training: A Contingency Based Global Training Model

Training issues are complex regardless of the size or location of the actors involved. As firms make their way up the ladder of internationalization, the contextual nature of training as well as the limitations of its generalizability can inhibit its effectiveness in sharing between the various organizational sub-units, particularly those with different national cultures. In light of this, a model matching appropriately designed training regimens with the suitable type of international business operation is proposed in this paper. A number of propositions are also drawn from the model. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the model and possible future research.
Testing the Effects of Similarity on Risky Choice: Implications for Violations of Expected Utility

Our aim in this paper was to establish an empirical evaluation for similarity effects modeled by Rubinstein; Azipurua et al.; Leland; and Sileo. These tests are conducted through a sensitivity analysis of two well-known examples of expected utility (EU) independence violations. We found that subjective similarity reported by respondents was explained very well by objective measures suggested in the similarity literature. The empirical results of this analysis also show that: (1) the likelihood of selection for the riskier choice increases as the pair becomes more similar, (2) these choice patterns are consistent with well-known independence violations of expected utility, and (3) a significant proportion of individuals exhibit intransitive choice patterns predicted under similarity effects, but not allowed under generalized expected utility models for risky choice.
An analysis of changes in sensory thresholds to mild tactile and cold stimuli after experimental spinal cord injury in the rat.

Changes in sensory function including chronic pain and allodynia are common sequelae of spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. The present study documents the extent and time course of mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia after contusion SCI in the rat using stimulation with graded von Frey filaments (4.97–50.45 g force) and ice probes. Fore- and hind-paw withdrawal thresholds to plantar skin stimulation were determined in rats with a range of SCI severities (10-g weight dropped from 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mm using the MASCIS injury device); animals with 25-mm injuries most consistently showed decreased hind-paw withdrawal thresholds to touch and cold, which developed over several weeks after surgery. Stimulation of the torso with graded von Frey hairs was performed at specified locations on the back and sides from the neck to the haunch. Suprasegmental responses (orientation, vocalization, or escape) to mechanical stimulation of these sites were elicited infrequently in the laminectomy control rats and onl...
Structural and electronic properties of the two-dimensional superconductor CuS with 1 1 3 -valent copper

We present first-principles calculations of the structural and electronic properties of the CuS covellite material. The symmetry-lowering structural transition is well reproduced. However, the microscopic origin of the transition is unclear. The calculations firmly establish that the previously controversial Cu valency in this compound is 1.33. We also argue that recently reported high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) in CuS is unlikely to occur in the stoichiometric defect-free material, since the determined Cu valency is too close to 1 to ensure proximity to a Mott-Hubbard state and superexchange spin fluctuations of considerable strength. On the other hand, one can imagine a related system with more holes per Cu in the same structural motif (e.g., due to defects or O impurities), in which case the combination of superexchange and a Fermi surface enlarged compared to that of CuS may lead to unconventional superconductivity, as in HTSC cuprates, but, unlike them, of an $f$-wave symmetry.
Neural networks and customer grouping in e-commerce: a framework using fuzzy ART

This paper introduces a proposed neural network-based data mining method that utilizes a company's internal data about customers for the purpose of marketing strategies such as target marketing and direct marketing. Unlike past data mining approaches that put market survey or customer feedback data into input values, the fuzzy ART neural network proposed in this paper takes a customer's purchasing history as input values and clusters similar customers into groups. Step by step procedures of how to implement the fuzzy ART algorithm are provided and practical considerations for it to be used in marketing management in the context of electronic commerce are discussed.
Cortical representation of auditory space: information-bearing features of spike patterns.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the spike patterns of cortical neurons vary systematically as a function of sound-source location such that the response of a single neuron can signal the lo...
Some T-cell leukemia lines express surface markers related to a restricted set of human VH determinants

Abstract Serological studies were carried out to obtain information regarding the relationship of the V H -related determinants expressed by certain permanent in vitro T-cell leukemia lines and corresponding determinants expressed by characterized human serum immunoglobulins. A panel of conventional (goat and rabbit) antisera, produced against various Fab-related fragments of monoclonal human Waldenstrom macroglobulins and polyclonal IgG molecules, bound to certain in vitro T-cell leukemia lines, notably, 70-N2, MT-1, YT4E, and HUT78, as shown by microhemagglutination. Inhibition studies using characterized myeloma proteins to inhibit this agglutination indicated the expression of a restricted V H -related determinant by these T-cell lines. Parallel studies performed using conventional (rabbit) and murine monoclonal/hybridoma antibodies produced against the isolated 68,000-Da V H -related product synthesized by the 70-N2 line showed that the determinant expressed by this molecule was restricted in expression, comprising 2–3% of the normal, polyclonal human Fab pool, and that the determinants found on the other positive T-cell leukemias were cross-reactive rather than identical. The inhibition studies suggest that the determinant resides between residue 22 and the end of the V H region. These results further define the antigenic nature of the V H -related marker found on the surfaces of certain normal and neoplastic T-cell lines.