cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification and application of the proximal humerus ossification system to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients

We have previously demonstrated that proximal humeral ossification patterns are reliable for assessing peak height velocity in growing patients. Here, we sought to modify the system by including medial physeal closure and evaluate whether this system combined with the Cobb angle correlates with progression to surgery in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. We reviewed 616 radiographs from 79 children in a historical collection to integrate closure of the medial physis into novel stages 3A and 3B. We then analyzed radiographs from the initial presentation of 202 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who had either undergone surgery or completed monitoring at skeletal maturity. Summary statistics for the percentage of patients who progressed to the surgical range were calculated for each category of humerus and Cobb angle. The intra-observer and inter-observer ICC for assessment of the medial physis was 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. Only 3.4% of radiographs were unable to be assessed for medial humerus closure. The medial humerus physis begins to close about 1 year prior to the lateral physis and patients with a closing medial physis, but an open lateral physis were found to be the closest to PHV (0.7 years). Stratifying patients by Cobb angle and modified humerus stage yield categories with low and high risks of progression to the surgical range. The medial humerus can be accurately evaluated and integrated into a new modified proximal humerus ossification system. Patients with humerus stage 3A or below have a higher rate of progression to the surgical range than those with humerus stage 3B or above.
A recombinant herpes virus expressing influenza hemagglutinin confers protection and induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Despite widespread yearly vaccination, influenza leads to significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. To make a more broadly protective influenza vaccine, it may be necessary to elicit antibodies that can activate effector functions in immune cells, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). There is growing evidence supporting the necessity for ADCC in protection against influenza and herpes simplex virus (HSV), among other infectious diseases. An HSV-2 strain lacking the essential glycoprotein D (gD), was used to create ΔgD-2, which is a highly protective vaccine against lethal HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection in mice. It also elicits high levels of IgG2c antibodies that bind FcγRIV, a receptor that activates ADCC. To make an ADCC-eliciting influenza vaccine, we cloned the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from an H1N1 influenza A strain into the ΔgD-2 HSV vector. Vaccination with ΔgD-2::HAPR8 was protective against homologous influenza challenge and elicited an antibody response against HA that inhibits hemagglutination (HAI+), is predominantly IgG2c, strongly activates FcγRIV, and protects against influenza challenge following passive immunization of naive mice. Prior exposure of mice to HSV-1, HSV-2, or a replication-defective HSV-2 vaccine (dl5-29) does not reduce protection against influenza by ΔgD-2::HAPR8 This vaccine also continues to elicit protection against both HSV-1 and HSV-2, including high levels of IgG2c antibodies against HSV-2. Mice lacking the interferon-α/β receptor and mice lacking the interferon-γ receptor were also protected against influenza challenge by ΔgD-2::HAPR8 Our results suggest that ΔgD-2 can be used as a vaccine vector against other pathogens, while also eliciting protective anti-HSV immunity.
What Will It Take to End HIV in the United States? : A Comprehensive, Local-Level Modeling Study.

Background The Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative aims to reduce incident HIV infections by 90% over a span of 10 years. The intensity of interventions needed to achieve this for local epidemics is unclear. Objective To estimate the effect of HIV interventions at the city level. Design A compartmental model of city-level HIV transmission stratified by age, race, sex, and HIV risk factor was developed and calibrated. Setting 32 priority metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Patients Simulated populations in each MSA. Intervention Combinations of HIV testing and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage among those at risk for HIV, plus viral suppression in persons with diagnosed HIV infection. Measurements The primary outcome was the projected reduction in incident cases from 2020 to 2030. Results Absent intervention, HIV incidence was projected to decrease by 19% across all 32 MSAs. Modest increases in testing (1.25-fold per year), PrEP coverage (5 percentage points), and viral suppression (10 percentage points) across the population could achieve reductions of 34% to 67% by 2030. Twenty-five percent PrEP coverage, testing twice a year on average, and 90% viral suppression among young Black and Hispanic men who have sex with men (MSM) achieved similar reductions (13% to 68%). Including all MSM and persons who inject drugs could reduce incidence by 48% to 90%. Thirteen of 32 MSAs could achieve greater than 90% reductions in HIV incidence with large-scale interventions that include heterosexuals. A web application with location-specific results is publicly available (www.jheem.org). Limitation The COVID-19 pandemic was not represented. Conclusion Large reductions in HIV incidence are achievable with substantial investment, but the EHE goals will be difficult to achieve in most locations. An interactive model that can help policymakers maximize the effect in their local environments is presented. Primary funding source National Institutes of Health.
Speech disfluencies in nonstutterers: Syntactic complexity and production task effects

Abstract The differences in the number of disfluencies of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old nonstuttering children were investigated as syntactic complexity was varied in three different syntactic constructions: 1) simple affirmative declarative with copula + ing (SAAD), 2) future (FUT), and 3) passive (PAS) within a sentence imitation and a sentence-modeling task. The subjects repeated 30 sentences from the imitation task stimuli and produced response constructions from 30 pictures from the modeling task stimuli. The 3-year-olds exhibited significantly more disfluencies than the 5-year-olds, and the 5-year-olds produced significantly more disfluencies than the 7-year-olds. All three age groups produced significantly more disfluencies on the modeling task than on the imitation task. A significant complexity effect was demonstrated for the PAS construction. Results are compared to previous research findings and discussed with reference to hypothesized linguistic complexity and task difficulty.
Antioxidant Status and Risk for Cataract

Key Points Oxidative insult to lens proteins and proteases, together with limited ability to remove the damaged proteins, are involved in the etiology of age-related cataract. Observational studies indicate elevated levels of intake of antioxidants is associated with diminished prevalence, incidence, or progress of age-related cataract. They imply that having a daily intake of about 250 mg of vitamin C and 90 mg of vitamin E is associated with diminished risk for cataract. Much of this can be obtained from diet. There have been six intervention trails. The results from these are generally inconsistent with the results from the observational trials. It would be worthwhile to determine why the various types of studies are not yielding similar results. Most studies indicate associations between poverty, lack of education, lower socioeconomic status, and increased risk for age-related eye diseases. For such persons, a supplement might be indicated, failing remediation of the situation.
Great School Milk Conspiracies Revisited

This paper revisits a particular case involvingtwo dairy processing companies accused ofrigging bids in northern Kentucky schooldistricts during the 1980s. Evidence andarguments presented to support a conclusion ofovert collusion are reassessed. Analyses ofincumbency rates, market shares, bid levels, biddispersions, bid distance relationships, exactbidding differentials, and “bids from hell”indicate that the two dairies may have beenengaged in tacit collusion instead of overt collusion.
Sherene Razack, Malinda Smith, and Sunera Thobani, eds. States of Race: Critical Race Feminism for the 21st Century

Despite more than a century of discourse in which race, culture, and civilization have been linked with nation-building in Canada, the dominant imaginary of this country is a tolerant, multicultura...
Prehospital pain management: a comparison of providers' perceptions and practices.

Objective. To assess the knowledge of emergency medical technicians–paramedics (EMT-Ps) andcompare their practice perceptions with actual pain management interventions in adults andpediatric patients (adolescents andchildren) with chest pain (CP), extremity injuries, or burns. Methods. This study included a cross-sectional survey of EMT-Ps andreview of the emergency medical services (EMS) system patient care database. EMT-Ps were surveyed for: 1) knowledge of pain treatment protocol; 2) estimated number of CP, extremity injury, or burn encounters andthe frequency of morphine administration; and3) barriers to providing morphine. Data on patients transported with any above conditions andthose who received morphine were abstracted from the EMS patient care database. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results. Of 202 EMT-Ps, 155 (77%) completed the survey. Eighty-two percent reported knowledge of pain treatment protocol for both adults andpediat...
Efflux of dopamine from the synaptic cleft in the nucleus accumbens of the rat brain

Synaptic release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the intact rat brain elicited by a single electrical impulse applied to ascending dopaminergic fibers results in extracellular concentrations sufficient to bind the known dopamine receptors. The dopamine concentration observed after four rapid, sequential pulses is exactly four times greater and is unaffected by pharmacological antagonism of dopamine uptake and receptor sites at supramaximal concentrations. Thus, dopamine efflux from the synaptic cleft is not restricted by binding to intrasynaptic proteins on the time scale of the measurements (50-100 msec). The extracellular concentration, as a result of a single stimulus pulse, is 0.25 microM and is rapidly removed by extrasynaptic uptake. This maximal, transient concentration of dopamine is 60 times higher than steady-state concentrations reported previously using dialysis techniques, illustrating that dopamine extracellular concentrations are spatially and temporally heterogenous. In contrast to ACh transmission at the neuromuscular junction, the dopamine synapse in the telencephalon is designed for the effective efflux of dopamine from the synaptic cleft to the extrasynaptic compartment during neurotransmission.
Do female spiders select heavier males for the genes for behavioral aggressiveness they offer their offspring

We explore the hypothesis that females choose to mate with heavier males for the genes for behavioral aggressiveness they offer their offspring in the desert spider, Agelenopsis aperta. Behavioral aggressiveness is important to competition for limited resources in the field and is thus correlated with the mass spiders achieve. We established four crosses based on the body mass relationships of parents subjected to selection in their natural environment (female mass/male mass: HI/HI, HI/LO, LO/HI, and LO/LO) and reared the F1 offspring in a noncompetitive laboratory environment. Offspring size and mass at maturity were measured, life history parameters recorded, and behavioral aggressiveness scored in a series of tests. Significant familial effects were detected in all of these measures, but pertinent cross effects were observed only in the assays measuring behavioral aggressiveness. The results were summarized in terms of the fitness costs to HI females of mating with LO males (fewer female offspring of the more aggressive phenotypes) and the benefits to LO females of mating with HI males (fewer fearful offspring of both sexes).
Ethics seminars: Physician complicity in the holocaust: Historical review and reflections on emergency medicine in the 21st century, part I

Part I of this seminar in ethics reviewed the participation of German physicians and the German medical establishment in carrying out Nazi policies and listed eight moral failures that could be attributed to doctors during the dark period of history known as the Holocaust. The collective acts that occurred during this period have, arguably, become a benchmark for abject ethical collapse on the part of mankind. Part II contemplates a variety of contemporary issues through the prism of the Holocaust. This article reviews and categorizes ethical pitfalls encountered by physicians during the Nazi era and examines them in relationship to several current issues. It also focuses on ethical concerns and challenges that confront contemporary emergency practitioners, some of which have parallels, though certainly not direct comparators, in the Nazi era.
Zero dynamics boundary control for regulation of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

This work is concerned with a problem of tracking regulation for a one-dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. The objective is to design dynamic and static controllers to drive the state of the plant at the ends of the spatial domain to desired reference signals which may be time dependent. The particular case of constant reference signals is referred to as the set point control problem. To solve our tracking problem we employ the zero dynamics inverse design methodology recently developed to solve a variety of tracking and disturbance rejection problems for linear and nonlinear systems. In this paper we describe both dynamic and static control laws and prove that they provide the desired tracking of the reference signals. We also present two numerical examples which illustrate our theoretical results.
Machine learning approach to report prioritization with an application to travel time dissemination

This paper looks at the problem of data prioritization, commonly found in mobile ad-hoc networks. The proposed general solution uses a machine learning approach in order to learn the relevance value of reports, which represent sensed data. The general solution is then applied to a travel time dissemination application. Through the use of offline learning, the paper analyzes the feasibility of the proposed approach and compares the accuracy performance of several common machine learning algorithms. The results show that not all machine learning algorithms may be used for prioritization and that the use of the logistic regression algorithm is particularly suited for the problem. The learned logistic regression model is then used in a simulated VANET environment. The results of the simulations show that it is better at prioritizing reports in terms of their usefulness in aiding vehicles to choose the shortest travel time paths.
Oral Reading and Maze Measures as Predictors of Success for English Learners on a State Standards Assessment

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) of oral reading has been used to aid in identifying students who are at risk for failing the reading portion of their spring state standards tests. The purpose of this study is to determine whether adding a maze reading measure would aid in predicting the performance of students who are English learners (ELs). The study, conducted in an urban elementary school, used both oral reading and maze measures with EL and non-EL students to predict their performance on the reading portion of a state standards test for third- and fifth-grade students. Moderate to moderately strong correlations were obtained between the state standards test and both oral reading fluency and the maze task. Combining the measures increased the predictive power for non-EL students but not for ELs.
Playing numerical board games improves number sense in children from low-income backgrounds

Arguments. We hypothesized that playing a linear, numerical, board game similar to the first row of Snakes and Ladders would produce substantial gains in numerical understanding. In such games, the greater the number in a square, the greater the distance that the child has moved the token, the number of discrete moves the child has made, the number of number names the child has spoken and heard, and the amount of time since the game began. Thus, playing the game provides visual–spatial, kinesthetic, auditory, and temporal cues to numerical magnitude. Playing the game for four 15–20min sessions produced large gains in low-income children’s understanding of numerical magnitudes, counting, number recognition, and ability to learn answers to novel arithmetic problems. The gains in knowledge of numerical magnitudes endured for 9 weeks and exceeded gains produced by engaging in other numerical activities or by playing a circular version of the board game.
Unsought Responsibility: The U.S. Supreme Court and the Politics of Passive Writing

This article examines the politics of “passive voice” in U.S. Supreme Court opinions. We first recast the phenomenon of passive voice as a matter of strategic writing and subject it to political analysis. We then argue that a productive relationship between active and passive writing is required by the conventions of legal legitimacy, particularly as it requires distance from politics. To illustrate the politics of passive legal writing, we examine passages from key Supreme Court opinions. Through this analysis, we advocate a perspective shift for reading the political dynamics of Supreme Court opinions.
A Nonfatal Case of Intentional Scopolamine Poisoning

Scopolamine, a drug not usually found in poisoning, was found to be the cause of toxicity in three persons. This paper stresses the need to confirm any unusual iodoplatinate spots that may occur in emergency drug screening. Gastric lavages appear to be the most useful source for recovering belladonna compounds as no scopolamine was found in the urine, either at admission or the day after. Atropine and scopolamine are easily separated from each other by TLC and GLC but homatropine separates poorly from atropine.
Open Versus Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy: Is There Really a Debate?

On March 17, 1987, Phillippe Mouret performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy inLyon, France [1].Despite the initial absenceof any trialsdemonstratingsuperiority,within 5 yr of its inception, laparoscopic cholecystectomy became the standard of care worldwide [2]. Why did smart and normally highly critical general surgeons accept such an unproven operation so rapidly? Because itwas clearly better. Therewere lots ofdoubters, lots ofnaysayers, andeven talkof severe biliary strictures and unusual patient deaths. Eventually, there were large case series, multicenter comparative studies, and even a few randomized trials. But the results did not matter. The ‘‘horse was already out of the barn,’’ and laparoscopic cholecystectomywas going to stay. It was just a better operation. Open cholecystectomy did not die, however. There was a place for this more invasive and morbid operation. It just became less common and ultimately less acceptable, reserved for unusual or complex situations. Currently, some general surgery trainees may never independently perform an open cholecystectomy, but this may be tolerable. If the case is too complex to attempt laparoscopically, maybe it should be referred to the experts anyway. Such is my view of laparoscopic and robotic renal surgery. Ralph Clayman is to blame for letting this horse out [3], and it is clearly too late to catch it. So what does the paper of Hanna et al. [4] add to the plethora of publications comparing the outcomes of open renal operations to minimally invasive ones? Despite being a very well-executed observational study, inmy estimation, the study will not change what people do, and I offer a few reasons for this conclusion.
Cogeneration and electric power industry restructuring

In 1978, Congress passed the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) in response to the energy crisis of the early 1970s. One of the unintended results of PURPA has been to show that electric generation was not a natural monopoly and could be opened to competition. Both the theoretical and empirical determinants of cogeneration and how they may be affected by future electric power industry restructuring are important for future industrial generation decisions. This paper explores these determinants and identifies differences between industrial cogenerators which sell power back into the electricity grid (commercial generators) and those which keep all of their electricity generation for internal purposes (self generators). The empirical results indicate that increases in industrial firm technical capabilities tends to increase their probabilities of both commercial and self generating. In addition, the models indicate that increases in retail electricity prices and industrial output increases industrial generation probabilities. The ability to switch fuels enhances industrial generation probabilities, as does a decrease in the price of natural gas. The results also imply that under electric restructuring a number of industrial generators may find that they face a stranded cost problem much like the one faced by their electric utility counterparts.
NMR studies of adrenocorticotropin hormone peptides in sodium dodecylsulfate and dodecylphosphocholine micelles: proline isomerism and interactions of the peptides with micelles.

Three adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) fragments (1–10, 1–24, and 11–24) have been studied in water and in sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The trans–cis isomerism at all three proline sites (at positions 12, 19, and 24) was found in the 11–24 segment of the peptide. The population of the cis isomers changes with the environment of the peptide. Specifically, the presence of the DPC micelle does not affect the trans–cis equilibrium in the 11–24 segment from that in water. In contrast, the presence of the SDS micelles decreases the population of the cis isomer at Pro24, but increases its population at Pro12 and Pro19. The effect of SDS micelles on the trans–cis equilibrium at these proline sites was discussed. Intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) correlations between the ACTH peptides and the micelles were observed. These correlations occurred only in the 1–10 segment of the peptides, and the hydrophobic side chains contributed most to the intermolecular NOE. The intermolecular NOE pattern corroborates the suggestion that the 1–10 segment of the ACTH peptides bind to these micelles via a surface-binding mode, with most of the interactions coming from the insertion of the hydrophobic side chains. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 58: 20–32, 2001
Synergism between pure Thermomonospora fusca and Trichoderma reesei cellulases

Abstract Mixtures of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) or crude enzyme extract and Thermomonospora fusca endoglucanases E2 or E3 were investigated to determine which gave maximum rates of hydrolysis, maximum reducing sugar concentration (RSC) at 4 h, and maximum degree of synergistic effect (DSE). Mixtures of T. fusca E3 and T. reesei crude enzyme extract (mass ratios of 0.1 to 1) produced the highest RSC (0.020 mg ml−1) and fastest initial reaction rate (0.009 mg ml−1 h−1) of the mixtures investigated. With exception of the DSEs observed for mixtures of T. fusca E2 and T. reesei CBHI, mixtures analyzed showed maximum RSC, rate of hydrolysis, and DSE over a range of enzyme mass ratios. These properties were sensitive to changes in the ratio outside of the optimal ratio range but were independent of the ratio within the optimal range. The DSE results of mixtures of T. fusca E2 and T. reesei CBHI were not conclusive. The ratio ranges which produced the maximum RSC, initial reaction velocity, and DSE did not completely overlap for all mixtures investigated.
Induction of target cell apoptosis by channel catfish cytotoxic cells.

Abstract This study examines cytotoxic mechanisms used by channel catfish peripheral blood-derived effector cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), coupled with [ 3 H]thymidine DNA fragmentation (JAM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays, provided the first evidence that catfish peripheral blood cytotoxic effectors killed allogeneic targets via an apoptotic pathway. TEM demonstrated that the effector cell population present within peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) was composed of agranular lymphocytes that formed conjugates with, and induced apoptosis in, allogeneic target cells. Both JAM and TUNEL assays showed that PBLs induced target cell DNA fragmentation within 1 h of coculture. In addition, fixed effectors did not induce target cell necrosis or apoptosis, and target cell lysis was completely inhibited by chelation of free Ca 2+ by EGTA. These results suggest that catfish peripheral blood-derived effector cells utilize a secretory mechanism rather than a ligand-based mechanism to trigger apoptosis.
Cloning and structure of a yeast gene encoding a general transcription initiation factor TFIID that binds to the TATA box

The TATA sequence-binding factor TFIID plays a central role both in promoter activation by RNA polymerase II and other common initiation factors, and in promoter regulation by gene-specific factors. The sequence of yeast TFIID, which seems to be encoded by a single gene, contains interesting structural motifs that are possibly involved in these functions, and is similar to sequences of bacterial sigma factors.
ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF TANTALUM, TUNGSTEN, AND MOLYBDENUM

The three elastic constants of tantalum, tungsten, and molybdenum have been measured in the temperature range between 4.2 and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The directly measured quantities ${C}_{L}$ and $\frac{1}{2}({C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12})$ for molybdenum and the computed bulk moduli of all three elements show an anomalous temperature dependence. These data along with published results for other metals generally show a difference in temperature dependence of the bulk modulus between $3d$ and $4d\ensuremath{-}5d$ metals. Overlap contributions to the elastic constants are found to favor an antiferromagnetic ordering. The Debye characteristic temperatures calculated from elastic constants are found to be in substantial agreement with results obtained from calorimetry.
Boiling and Dew Curves of He 3 - He 4 Mixtures

Pressure and density measurements along the boiling and dew curves for ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$-${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ mixtures for several temperatures above 2 K are presented. From these data, the excess chemical potentials and the excess Gibbs energy are calculated.
Micropapillary bladder cancer: a review of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with 100 consecutive patients.

BACKGROUND Micropapillary bladder carcinoma is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma. To improve understanding of this disease, the authors performed a retrospective review of their experience. METHODS The authors reviewed the records of 100 consecutive patients with micropapillary bladder cancer who were evaluated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 64.7 years, with a male:female ratio of 10:1. The TNM stage of disease at the time of presentation was Ta in 5 patients, carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 4 patients, T1 in 35 patients, T2 in 26 patients, T3 in 7 patients, T4 in 6 patients; N+ in 9 patients, and M+ in 8 patients. Kaplan‒Meier estimates of 5‒year and 10‒year overall survival (OS) rates were 51% and 24%, respectively. Bladder‒sparing therapy with intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin therapy was attempted in 27 of 44 patients with nonmuscle‒invasive disease; 67% (18 patients) developed disease progression (≥cT2), including 22% who developed metastatic disease. Of 55 patients undergoing radical cystectomy for surgically resectable disease (≤cT4a), 23 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 32 were treated with initial cystectomy, with no significant difference noted in stage distribution between the 2 groups. For the 23 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the median OS was 43.2 months with 32% of patients still alive at 5 years. For the 32 patients treated with initial cystectomy, the median survival had not been reached at the time of last follow‒up, with 71% still alive at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Micropapillary bladder cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Intravesical therapy appears to be ineffective in this disease and patients with surgically resectable disease should be offered early radical cystectomy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Do Students with Different Characteristics Take Part in Psychology Experiments at Different Times of the Semester

In this study we examined 15 personality and demographic differences between psychology students who took part in experiments at different times of the semester and different times of the day. In general, few significant relations were found and those that did emerge were small in magnitude. Females and freshmen signed up for experiments earlier in the semester. Females took part in their first experiment earlier in the semester, as did students who were Protestant and who came from smaller home towns. Students low in self-consciousness also tended to begin participating earlier. Extraverts participated earlier in the day than introverts. Results generally were consistent with previous findings of differences between research volunteers and non-volunteers. However, it was concluded that because of their small magnitude and inconsistency from site to site, with a few precautions experimenters probably need not be concerned that timing effects threaten the external validity of psychological research outcomes.
Exercise-triggered Transient R-Wave Enhancement and ST-Segment Elevation in II, III, and aVF ECG Leads: A Testament to the "Plasticity" of the QRS Complex During Ischemia

We describe a patient with coronary artery disease who showed transiently augmented R-waves in his electrocardiogram (ECG) during the course of an exercise treadmill test (ETT), an ECG pattern occasionally associated with the hyperacute phase of myocardial infarction and variant angina. This change in the R-waves was noted in II, III, and aVF ECG leads and was associated with ST-segment elevation; both changed gradually and were normalized during the recovery period. Cardiac enzymes after ETT were negative, and arteriography revealed 3-vessel coronary artery disease, with a completely occluded right coronary artery. The ventriculogram showed very mild hypokinesis of the inferior left ventricular wall, while the global ejection fraction was 75%. These ECG changes, noted previously during ETT in precordial ECG leads, are herein reported to occur also in II, III, and aVF ECG leads. The generation of these ECG changes, which hinges upon a late unopposed depolarization occurring in the course and at the site of severe ischemic injury, constitutes a transient focal ventricular conduction abnormality.
Helix promotion in polypeptides by polyols.

The helix content of [L-Lys(Me3)]n.ClO4 and [L-Lys(Me3)50,L-Ala50]n.ClO4 in water is markedly increased by the presence of sucrose and glycerol. For [L-Lys(Me3)]n.ClO4 the ellipticity at 222 nm changes from +2 x 10(3) deg cm2 dmole-1 in water to -44 x 10(3) in 50% glycerol. Sucrose does not promote helix formation in melittin at pH 7.2, but glycerol does. At pH 5.5 sucrose and, more so, glycerol, induce helix in melittin. Glycerol induces some helix in methylated melittin, but less than in melittin. The results are discussed in relation to excluded volume effects, delta G of transfer of peptide and hydrophobic groups from water to mixed solvents, electrostatic effects, and preferential hydration.
Psychometric analysis of the Willoughby Personality Schedule

Abstract The Willoughby Personality Schedule (WPS) was subjected to Item Analysis, Coefficient Alpha Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis and parametric tests for sex and age differences to assess its psychometric qualities. A set of norms for adult neurotics was also developed. The WPS items were all shown to be significantly related to total WPS score and to converge into a unitary construct: hypersensitivity to interpersonal situations. The potential clinical and research uses for the WPS in assertion and social skills training are discussed.
Purification of diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N″-tetraacetic acid-N″-tetraacetic acid-N″-propionic acid are reported. The purification is achieved using anion-exchange displacement chromatography.

Abstract The synthesis, purification and characterization of dietylenetriamine N,N,N′,N″-tetraacetic acid-N″-propionic acid are reported. The purificatin is achieved using anion-exchange displacement chromatography.
Temperature and Pressure Dependent Rate Coefficients for the Reaction of Hg with Cl and the Reaction of Cl with Cl: A Pulsed Laser Photolysis-Pulsed Laser Induced Fluorescence Study

A pulsed laser photolysis-pulsed laser induced fluorescence technique has been employed to study the recombination of mercury and bromine atoms, Hg + Br + M → HgBr + M (1) and the self-reaction of bromine atoms, Br + Br + M → Br2 + M (2). Rate coefficients were determined as a function of pressure (200−600 Torr) and temperature (243−293 K) in nitrogen buffer gas and as a function of pressure (200−600 Torr) in helium buffer gas at room temperature. For reaction 1, kinetic measurements were performed under conditions in which bromine atoms were the reactant in excess concentration while simultaneously monitoring the concentration of both mercury and bromine. A temperature dependent expression of (1.46 ± 0.34) × 10-32 × (T/298)-(1.86±1.49) cm6 molecule-2 s-1 was determined for the third-order recombination rate coefficient in nitrogen buffer gas. The effective second-order rate coefficient for reaction 1 under atmospheric conditions is a factor of 9 smaller than previously determined in a recently published ...
Views From the Path: Evaluating Physical Activity Use Patterns and Design Preferences of Older Adults on the Bolin Creek Greenway Trail.

Though physical inactivity can lead to increased health problems in older adults, few places actually encourage this population to be active by implementing choices that allow the built and natural environment to be accessed by foot or bicycle. In addition, little research has examined older adults’ perceptions of design and the relationship between greenways and improving public health, a topic that is receiving popular attention. The objective of this mixed-methods study was therefore to evaluate elements in a greenway’s design that the aging population found important and which afforded physical activity. Using a combination of survey questions, photo elicitation, and interviews, data were collected from a sample of older adults aged 65 and over that used a greenway trail. Results of this study indicated that older adults may prefer certain elements on a trail, namely those elements that afforded their choice of activity. Although there will always be limitations to understanding behavioral responses t...
Rapid diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in infants by direct immunofluorescence microscopy of nasopharyngeal secretions

The recent development of a monoclonal fluorescent antibody test to detect Chlamydia trachomatis by direct microscopy in clinical specimens has allowed rapid diagnosis of chlamydial genitourinary and ocular infections. 1-4 To investigate the ability of the direct FA test to diagnose chlamydial respiratory tract infection rapidly, we compared the FA test with culture in infants with suspected chlamydial pneumonia.
Effects of the [PSI+] prion on rates of adaptation in yeast.

The [PSI+] prion in yeast has been shown to improve short-term growth in some environments, but its effects on rates of adaptation have not been assessed before now. We adapted three yeast genotypes to three novel environments in the presence and the absence of the prion. There were significant differences in adaptation rates between lines with different combinations of genotype, environment, and prion status. We saw no consistent effect, however, of the prion on the rate of adaptation to new environments. A major factor affecting the rate of adaptation was initial fitness in the new environment: lines with low initial fitness evolved faster than lines with high initial fitness.
The effects of prelimbic and infralimbic lesions on working memory for visual objects in rats.

The present experiment investigated the effects of quinolinic acid (90 mM) lesions of the prelimbic-infralimbic cortices on working memory for visual objects and on acquisition of a visual object discrimination. In both tests a GO/NO-GO procedure was used. In the working memory task, rats were tested before and after surgery. A continuous recognition procedure was used to assess working memory, which involved successive exposure to different three-dimensional objects that could be displaced to receive a cereal reinforcement. Of the 12 object presentations/session, 4 objects were presented for a second time in which displacing the object did not result in a reinforcement. The number of trials between the first and second presentations of an object ranged from 0 to 3 (lags). Memory was assessed by the latency to displace an object during the second presentation. In the visual object discrimination, rats had successive exposure to two different objects. Displacement of one object resulted in a cereal reinforcement, while displacement of the other did not. The findings indicated that prelimbic-infralimbic lesions significantly impaired memory for visual objects across all lags. Prelimbic-infralimbic lesions did not impair acquisition of the visual object discrimination. The results suggest that the prelimbic-infralimbic areas are part of neural system important in the short-term memory for visual objects.
Academic web site design and academic templates : Where does the library fit in?

Academic Web site design continues to evolve as colleges and universities are under increasing pressure to create a Web site that is both hip and professional looking. Many colleges and universities are using templates to unify the look and feel of their Web sites. Where does the library Web site fit into a comprehensive campus design scheme? The library Web site is unique due to the wide range of services and content available. Based on a poster session presented at the Twelfth Annual Association of College and Research Libraries conference in Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 2005, this paper explores the prevalence of university-wide academic templates on library Web sites and discusses factors libraries should consider in the future.
Encouraging mentorship in young scientists.

Mentors of novice scientists play an important role in fostering proteges' sense of commitment to science. As this sense of commitment deepens, proteges may come to value serving as mentors themselves, a phenomenon dubbed “mentorship reciprocity.”
Estimation of the coherence spectrum and its confidence interval using the fast Fourier transform

Correction factors were devised for correction of bias and computation of confidence intervals around estimates of coherence spectra computed upon Gaussian random time series. Using Monte Carlo methods to compute approximate sampling distributions for coherence, statistical descriptions of the bias and standard deviations were obtained. Correction factors were devised which extend the utility of coherence estimates to a value of coherence = 0. Previously coherence = 0.4 was a lower limit.
More TORC for the gluconeogenic engine

Hepatic gluconeogenesis plays a key role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The hormone glucagon stimulates this process, whereas insulin and adiponectin are inhibitory. In a recent report, Koo et al identify the transcriptional regulator TORC2 (Transducer of Regulated CREB activity 2) as a pivotal component of the gluconeogenic program.1 Both insulin and AMPK increase the phosphorylation of TORC2, while glucagon suppresses it. This in turn regulates the nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling of TORC2 and its ability to transactivate gluconeogenic genes. Thus, TORC2 might serve as a gluconeogenic "molecular switch" that senses hormones and cellular energy status.
Structure-Dependent 4 f —Core-Level Binding Energies for Surface Atoms on Ir(111), Ir(100)-(5 × 1), and Metastable Ir(100)-(1 × 1)

Shifts in the core-level binding energies of surface atoms relative to bulk atoms which show a dramatic dependency on surface crystallography have been observed. Surface-atom core-level emission intensities are shown to give direct information on the number of surface atoms, while binding energies give information on the surface-atom coordination number. These data show that the reconstructed Ir(100)-(5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) face is described by a compressed hexagonal monolayer.
Combined expression of multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) in MCF7 cells and high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of ethacrynic acid but not oxazaphosphorines or cisplatin

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that combined increased expression of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation with glutathione of several toxic electrophiles, and the glutathione–conjugate efflux pump, multidrug resistance protein (MRP), confers high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of anticancer and other drugs. To accomplish this, we developed MCF7 breast carcinoma cell derivatives that express high levels of GSTP1-1 and MRP, alone and in combination. Parental MCF7 cells, which express no GSTP1-1 and negligible MRP, served as control cells. We found that either MRP or GSTP1-1 alone conferred significant resistance to ethacrynic acid cytotoxicity. Moreover, combined expression of GSTP1-1 and MRP conferred a high level of resistance to ethacrynic acid that was greater than resistance conferred by either protein alone. Increased MRP was also associated with modest resistance to the oxazaphosphorine compounds mafosfamide, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. However, coordinated expression of GSTP1-1 with MRP failed to augment this modest resistance. Similarly, GSTP1-1 had no effect on the sensitivities to cisplatin of MCF7 cells regardless of MRP expression. These results establish that coordinated expression of MRP and GSTP1-1 can confer high level resistance to the cytotoxicities of some drugs, including ethacrynic acid, but that such resistance is variable and does not apply to all toxic drugs that can potentially form glutathione conjugates in either spontaneous or GSTP1-1-catalyzed reactions.
Single and Double Edge Cutset Identification in Large Scale Power Networks

Previous work on parameter error identification that is based on calculation of Lagrange multipliers has shown that the errors on single edge cutsets could not be detected and errors on double edge cutsets could not be identified without incorporating phasor measurement units (PMUs). Hence, the first step to address such deficiencies is identification of all single and double edge cutsets for large scale power networks. This paper presents a numerically efficient method which relies on factorization of reduced incidence matrix of the network. Results obtained by implementing the method in IEEE 14-, 30-, and 57-bus test systems and a 4520-bus transmission system are presented to illustrate its computational performance.
ASSESSING PETER OCHS THROUGH PEIRCE, PRAGMATISM AND THE LOGIC OF SCRIPTURE

This article provides an interpretive, critical overview of Peter Ochs' Peirce, Pragmatism and the Logic of Scripture, and raises four thematic criticisms. The first considers Ochs turn to language, and its implications for pragmatism and understanding Peirce. The second interrogates the tension between Ochs' particularism and Peirce's universalism. The third concerns the relation between science and religion implied by Ochs, and its adequacy in relation to Peirce, pragmatism and modernity. The final question regards the scope of the community of inquirers Ochs seems to have in view, in light of pragmatism's seemingly more general concern with an inclusive democracy.
Reflections on sampling-filters for compressive sensing and finite-innovations-rate models

This paper revisits sampling-filters for signals having a finite rate of innovations. Such filters arise in many applications including digital communications and compressive sensing, and mulitchannel versions of these systems have been considered in the past. The main focus of this paper is on sampling-filters that result in perfect reconstruction (PR), or zero-forcing (ZF). Conditions for existence of these filters are expressed both in terms of bandwidth requirement and in the framework of Riesz basis. Many practical advantages induced by the Riesz basis property are also pointed out. When the sampling filters for PR exist, they are in general not unique. Optimum filters that minimize the effect of noise are discussed and compared with energy compaction filters, which are suboptimal.1
Dimensions of knowledge sharing and reuse

Abstract Many workers in medical informatics are seeking to reuse knowledge in new applications and to share encoded knowledge across software environments. Knowledge reuse involves many dimensions, including the reapplication of lexicons, ontologies, inference syntax, tasks, and problem-solving methods. Principal obstacles to all current work in knowledge sharing involve the difficulties of achieving consensus regarding what knowledge representations mean, of enumerating the context features and background knowledge required to ascribe meaning to a particular knowledge representation, and of describing knowledge independent of specific interpreters or inference engines. Progress in the area of knowledge sharing will necessitate more practical experience with attempts to interchange knowledge as well as better tools for viewing and editing knowledge representations at appropriate levels of abstraction. The PROTEGE-II project is one attempt to provide a knowledge-base authoring environment in which developers can experiment with the reuse of knowledge-level problemsolving methods, task models, and domain ontologies.
Effect of nutrient sources on cucumber production in different substrates

Abstract The research was conducted in two successive seasons to compare the effect of nutrient sources, organic manure and inorganic conventional nutrient solution, in cucumber production performed with different local substrates. In fall, the experiment was designed to test three factors, namely cultivar [(a) Armada, (b) Gordion], nutrient source [(a) inorganic nutrient solution, (b) solid organic manure] and substrate [(a) 3 + 1 perlite + clinoptilolite, (b) 1 + 1 perlite + clinoptilolite, (c) 3 + 1 tuff + clinoptilolite, (d) 1 + 1 tuff + clinoptilolite, v/v]. Results showed that organic manuring decrease the total yield by 22.4% in comparison to inorganic nutrient solution. In organic manure treatment, vigorous variety (Armada) gave higher yield than less vigorous variety (Gordion). In the spring season, the tested factors were decreased to two and tested as nutrient source [(a) inorganic nutrient solution, (b) solid organic manure, (c) organic nutrient solution] and substrate. Armada was the only cultivar. Compared to that of the inorganic nutrient solution, total yield was reduced by 10.9% in the organic nutrient solution system and 31.3% in solid organic manure treatment.
Parameterization of multiresolution analyses

The set of all multiresolution analyses in L2(R) is parameterized by a set of unitary operators which satisfy certain commutation properties.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.