cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sediments of the Malacca Strait, Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT The Malacca Strait is a shallow passage between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra with oceanographic and bottom-sediment characteristics closely related to strong currents, debouching rivers, climatic variation, and the close proximity of bordering land masses. The strait assumed its present configuration as a result of the postglacial rise of sea level which drowned the Sunda Shelf. An essentially tidal northwest current flow prevailing in the strait throughout the year is largely responsible for the hydrographic and oceanographic conditions in the region. Surface salinities and temperatures are generally found to be lower than in the surrounding seas. A prominent wedge of cool-temperature, high-salinity bottom water is found to extend from the Andaman Sea into the strait. Bottom sediments primarily consist of muddy sands, with large areas of mud occurring in the vicinity of fora-river mouths and in the Andaman Sea. Calcium carbonate, primarily composed of mollusk shells and miniferal tests, and organic carbon are generally found only in minor amounts in the strait. Higher concentrations of calcium carbonate are confined to local shell deposits and larger percentages of organic matter are found in the vicinity of river mouths and in the fine sediments of the Andaman Sea. The non-calcareous detrital fraction is dominated by quartz with minor amounts of orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars. The heavy mineral suite is complex because of the varied geology of the bordering land areas and consists primarily of leucoxene, ilmenite, staurolite, biotite and amp iboles. Kaolinite and mixed-layer minerals constitute the dominant clay minerals; lesser amounts of illite and montmorillonite also are present. A slight decrease in illite and an increase in mixed-layer minerals with depth was observed in some cores. Volcanic ash of an andesitic origin is found throughout much of the area. Many cores penetrate what appears to be a Late Pleistocene surface consisting of stiff, slightly indurated silty clay. The clay contains much peat, some of which has given a radiocarbon date of 10,000 years B. P.; it appears to represent a former tidal flat or estuarine deposit.
Glycemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with use of U-500 insulin in a pregnant patient.

Objective: To demonstrate the benefits and to advocate the safety and efficacy of using an insulin pump with U-500 insulin in comparison with U-100 insulin for a pregnant patient with diabetes requiring massive doses of insulin. Methods: We present a detailed case report about the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with U-500 insulin during pregnancy. Dose calculation is reviewed, and the benefits of insulin pump therapy in patients with diabetes are discussed. Results: A 34-year-old white woman, with a history of type 2 diabetes for 7 years, was seen at 17 weeks of gestation because of episodes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia accompanied by a very high insulin requirement. At the time of initial assessment, the patient was hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis and was being treated with 400 U/day of intravenously administered insulin. She responded well to intravenous therapy, but when switched to a regimen of NPH and regular insulin, she continued to have high blood glucose levels (desp...
Parapharyngeal soft-tissue infection with Aeromonas hydrophila

Parapharyngeal soft tissue infections may be rapidly progressive and life-threatening. Prompt institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is of paramount importance. This report highlights the potential virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila in infection of the head and neck and the need to consider this organism in selected patients.
Removal of polyethylene glycols from protein samples using titanium dioxide.

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are widely used in biological and pharmaceutical analysis to stabilize proteins for separation, purification, storage, and delivery1 and they also are used as the precipitants in crystallization process for X-ray crystallography of proteins.2 However, the analysis protein and peptide samples contaminated with PEG using mass spectrometry either using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is very challenging due to ion signal suppression and interference from the PEGs. Many off-line and on-line sample cleanup methods including LC column, capillary electrophoresis, membrane filtration, solid-phase extraction, dialysis and ion exchange cartridge, etc. have been implemented to remove salts, detergents, or other small molecules from complex biological samples before ESI and MALDI mass analysis.3–7 Unfortunately, samples with high concentration PEGs are still problematic. They can easily carry over to the sample fraction and frequently contaminate LC columns. Furthermore, sample purification procedures are time consuming and low throughput. Very recently, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) microcolumn has been developed as an efficient method to enrich phosphorylated peptides.8–12 In this study, this same microcolumn is shown to assist rapid removal of high concentration PEG contaminants from protein and peptides samples.
Life Cycle of Culicosporella lunata (Hazard & Savage, 1970) Weiser, 1977 (Microspora) as Revealed in the Light Microscope with a Redescription of the Genus and Species

Light microscopy studies of Culicosporella lunata (Hazard & Savage), a parasite of the mosquito Culex pilosus (Dyar & Knab), revealed two sporogonial sequences. One sequence begins with diplokaryotic meronts that undergo repeated nuclear divisions to produce sporogonial plasmodia with nuclei in diplokaryotic arrangement. These plasmodia form rosette-like clusters of sporoblasts during incomplete cytokinesis and, eventually, binucleate spores. These spores initiate infections in healthy larvae when they ingest spores. The second sequence begins with diplokaryotic meronts that undergo karyogamy and meiosis to form Thelohania-like sporonts and haploid spores. Anomalies are often observed in these sporonts which result in aberrant spores, usually fewer than eight, in an accessory (pansporoblastic) membrane. Normal haploid spores are morphologically similar to those of species of Amblyospora. The genus and the type species are redefined based on new information presented here and it and the type species are placed in the family Amblyosporidae.
Phonon reflection at noble gas interfaces

High resolution phonon reflection spectra from thin films of noble gases condensed onto a sapphire substrate at 2 K are presented. Phonon reflection signals from films of helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon are found to be essentially identical, suggesting that quantum effects play no role. We argue, however, that the conventional interpretation of a change in the signal as due to heat escaping from the system cannot be valid for the solidified rare gases.
Severing the bonds of love: a case study in soul loss.

Abstract Karo Batak ceremonial curing practices in urban Indonesia take place in a disputed zone of acts and meanings, in which neither social nor cultural coherence can be presumed by the analyst. Examining the therapeutic efforts of an urban Karo spirit possession cult aimed at curing the soul loss suffered by a young man, the Christian son of one of the cult's premier spirit mediums, this paper questions the relevance of the ‘integrative model’ in such cases, and suggests an alternative approach, looking at the sets of social, cultural and interpersonal tensions that run through the cult's practices and which, at the same time, those practices seek to contain.
Regulation of phosphate homeostasis by the phosphatonins and other novel mediators.

A variety of factors regulate the efficiency of phosphate absorption in the intestine and phosphate reabsorption in kidney. Apart from the well-known regulators of phosphate homeostasis, namely parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the vitamin D–endocrine system, a number of peptides collectively known as the “phosphatonins” have been recently identified as a result of the study of various diseases associated with hypophosphatemia. These factors, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP-4), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of various hypophosphatemic and hyperphosphatemic disorders, such as oncogenic osteomalacia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia and tumoral calcinosis. Whether these factors are true hormones, in the sense that they are regulated by the intake of dietary phosphorus and the needs of the organism for higher or lower amounts of phosphorus, remains to be firmly established in humans. Additionally, new information demonstrates that the intestine “senses” luminal concentrations of phosphate and regulates the excretion of phosphate in the kidney by elaborating novel factors that alter renal phosphate reabsorption.
A disease management protocol for outpatient perioperative bridge therapy with enoxaparin in patients requiring temporary interruption of long-term oral anticoagulation.

Study Objective. Traditional perioperative bridge therapy for patients receiving long-term oral anticoagulation involves weight-adjusted intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the perioperative period during temporary discontinuation of the oral anticoagulant. We sought to determine whether an alternate strategy of outpatient-based perioperative disease management with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) as bridge therapy provides the potential for cost savings. Design. Retrospective review of all clinic notes from an anticoagulation clinic. Setting. An integrated, staff-model health maintenance organization. Patients. Patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy from January 1998–March 2002 who received perioperative bridge therapy with the LMWH enoxaparin 1 mg/kg twice/day subcutaneously. Measurements and Main Results. A total of 126 bridge therapy encounters in 84 patients receiving LMWH as perioperative bridge therapy were identified, with 48 of those encounters involving patients with at least one mechanical heart valve. A total of 1108 hospital bed days were saved. Based on 1996 cost estimates, the total approximate cost savings for the 4.25 years of the outpatient bridge therapy program was $903,020. No thrombotic events were reported. Three major hemorrhagic events that required discontinuation of LMWH were reported. Conclusion. Outpatient-based disease management protocols and the LMWH enoxaparin as bridge therapy during temporary discontinuation of warfarin for an elective surgical procedure resulted in cost savings of approximately $212,475/year in an integrated health maintenance organization. In addition, this strategy appears both safe and effective.
The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering marks its first five years.

This year, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) celebrated a very successful first 5 years as a congressionally appropriated member institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the NIBIB, the newest member institute of the NIH, is to improve health by leading the development and accelerating the application of biomedical technologies. The NIBIB was created to provide a home for the discovery of new technologies, new techniques, and new approaches to solving the major challenges that we face in the health care system today. In particular, the Institute focuses on biomedical imaging, bioengineering, and the nexus of the quantitative sciences and the life sciences.
Shared control of robotic friction stir welding in the presence of imperfect joint fit-up

Abstract In this paper a shared control strategy is presented that allows a skilled operator to identify irregularities that occur during robotic friction stir welding (FSW) and assist the robotic system in producing an appropriate response. Human operators are adept at identifying disturbances; however, the complexity of the friction stir welding process makes it difficult for the operator to respond. While examining the capabilities of shared control in friction stir welding, this paper focuses on responding to defects that are caused by a lack of workpiece material during butt welding, such as gaps. A compensation strategy is presented that combines the human operator's perceptual strengths with an automated procedure for adjustment of the process parameters (i.e. travel angle and plunge depth). Experiments comparing four control strategies are performed while welding 5083-H116 aluminum. Through our experiments we demonstrate that if the FSW control task is appropriately shared between the human operator and the computer control system, the weld quality (strength) can be improved (from 9 ksi to 31 ksi for a gap size of 2.5 mm) as compared with the nominal case in which no corrections are made.
Fuzzy logic based power and thermal management system design for multi-cell lithium-ion battery bank protection and operation

Batteries used as energy storage devices will play an important role in future power systems due to the growing popularity of micro grids (MG) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PEVs). The performance of the MGs and PEVs strongly relies on their battery bank management systems, which always consists of multiple cells connected together in series and in parallel. The energy conversion efficiency of the battery bank system is influenced by a single battery cell's state of charge (SOC) and temperature variations. Thermal and SOC imbalances increase the risk of catastrophic faults in the battery bank system. In this paper, the design of a novel fuzzy logic based battery bank management system is presented. The battery bank management system will have self-healing capabilities to protect itself from SOC and thermal imbalances. The proposed design is validated by using MATLAB Simulink to present a battery management system that balances the SOC and temperature of a battery module consists of a 6 × 3 configuration of lithium-ion cells connected in series and parallel. The proposed battery bank power and thermal management system can effectively regulate the temperature and balance the SOC's of the cells in the battery bank during the charging and discharging process, which will largely increase the safety of the whole system.
Effects of Ca supply and stress on uptake and translocation of Ca in two poinsettia cultivars

Abstract Distortion of bracts and leaves of poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherimma Willd.) is considered to be a symptom of Ca deficiency. This study was designed to determine whether rates of either Ca uptake or translocation, or responses to interactions between Ca uptake/ translocation and transpirational stress differed between the distortion-susecptible “V-14 Glory” cultivar and the non-susceptible “Annette Hegg Dark Red (AHDR)” cultivar. Ca uptake increased linearly with Ca supply in the aerated nutrient solution in both cultivars, but did not differ between cultivars. Strong transpirational stress applied for 24 hr did not significantly reduce Ca uptake measured 1 and 14 days later in either cultivar. Roots had significantly lower Ca tissue concentrations than shoots in both cultivars, and Ca tissue concentrations tended to be higher in the mid-portion of the shoot than in the basal or apical sections. As no clear differences in Ca uptake or translocation between susceptible and non-susceptible cultivars were observed, we suggest that the Ca deficiencies which produce bract/leaf distortion must be localized and produced by within-leaf or -bract processes. Furthermore, transient though intense transpirational stresses are insufficient to affect subsequent Ca uptake in these cultivars.
Bile leaks after T-tube removal in orthotopic liver transplantation patients: the role of ERCP

Bile leaks after T-tube removal in orthotopic liver transplantation patients: the role of ERCP
An immunodominant site of acetylcholine receptor in experimental myasthenia mapped with T lymphocyte clones and synthetic peptides

Abstract Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of man caused by antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). In the experimental model of MG in mice, murine experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), an anti-AChR, immune response is induced by immunization with Torpedo AChR, and anti-AChR antibodies. AChR-sensitized T cells, and neuromuscular dysfunction result. The production of antibodies to AChR is thymus-dependent. In order to define the epitopes of the AChR identified by AChR-specific T cells, we generated T cell populations and T cell hybridoma clones and tested their reactivity to synthetic uniform-sized overlapping peptides representing the entire extracellular portion of the alpha-chain of the AChR. The predominant reactivity of the T cell clones and the parent lines was to a peptide corresponding to residues 146–162 of Torpedo AChR. This data is consistent with a highly limited recognition of AChR determinants in murine EAMG by AChR-specific T cells.
Gelation and Water Binding Properties of Transglutaminase-treated Skim Milk Powder

Transglutaminase (TGase)-treated skim milk powder (TG-SMP) was prepared by freeze-drying skim milk after TGase treatment (10 U/g milk protein, 40 degrees C for 3 h), followed by TGase inactivation at 85 degrees C for 5 min. TGase modification resulted in significant increases in hardness and water holding capacity (WHC) of heat-induced gels (10% protein, w/v). A marked increase in storage modulus (G') of TG-SMP upon heating suggests that TG-SMP has a greater gelling ability than control-SMP (C-SMP) prepared with predenatured TGase. Acid gels prepared from TG-SMP had a significantly higher WHC at all solid levels (12%, 14%, and 16%) tested and formed a more elastic network than C-SMP.
Glucocorticoids exacerbate obesity and insulin resistance in neuron-specific proopiomelanocortin-deficient mice

Null mutations of the proopiomelanocortin gene (Pomc–/–) cause obesity in humans and rodents, but the contributions of central versus pituitary POMC deficiency are not fully established. To elucidate these roles, we introduced a POMC transgene (Tg) that selectively restored peripheral melanocortin and corticosterone secretion in Pomc–/– mice. Rather than improving energy balance, the genetic replacement of pituitary POMC in Pomc–/–Tg+ mice aggravated their metabolic syndrome with increased caloric intake and feed efficiency, reduced oxygen consumption, increased subcutaneous, visceral, and hepatic fat, and severe insulin resistance. Pair-feeding of Pomc–/–Tg+ mice to the daily intake of lean controls normalized their rate of weight gain but did not abolish obesity, indicating that hyperphagia is a major but not sole determinant of the phenotype. Replacement of corticosterone in the drinking water of Pomc–/– mice recapitulated the hyperphagia, excess weight gain and fat accumulation, and hyperleptinemia characteristic of genetically rescued Pomc–/–Tg+ mice. These data demonstrate that CNS POMC peptides play a critical role in energy homeostasis that is not substituted by peripheral POMC. Restoration of pituitary POMC expression to create a de facto neuronal POMC deficiency exacerbated the development of obesity, largely via glucocorticoid modulation of appetite, metabolism, and energy partitioning.
The role of cell-cell contact in “contact” inhibition of cell division: A review and new evidence†

The term “contact inhibition of cell division” was borrowed from “contact inhibition of cell movement.” We prefer the term “postconfluence inhibition of cell division” as being more operational and less mechanistically biased; it is operationally defined as a pronounced depression of the mitotic rate in a postconfluent culture which displays a stationary density despite periodic nutrient renewal, the inhibition being locally reversibly by removal of the adjacent cells. The mechanism of postconfluence inhibition is of considerable interest because of the inverse correlation between postconfluence inhibition and the tumorigenicity of a number of cell lines. Several hypotheses, involving direct cell-to-cell contacts or locally restricted diffusion gradiens, could explain postconfluence inhibition. With the goal of discriminating among these hypotheses, time-lapse films were taken of carefully regulated, perfused cultures of 3T3 mouse cells, in which the transition from rapid growth to the stationary phase was recorded. Measurements of cell-to-cell contact, local cell density, and generation times were made on an individual cell level and analyzed with the aid of a computer. We observed that all-around cell-cell contact or a high local cell density present throughout G1 often did not produce immediate inhibition of cell division. We conclude that either (i) simple visible cell-cell contacts or a high local cell density are not the direct cause of postconfluence inhibition of cell division, or (ii) their effects often do not inhibit cell division until after a delay of about one cell generation time. Such a delay may be partly responsible for the 50% overshoot past the stationary density that we observed in 3T3 cultures.
Microfluidic mixing for sperm activation and motility analysis of pearl Danio zebrafish.

Sperm viability in aquatic species is increasingly being evaluated by motility analysis via computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) following activation of sperm with manual dilution and mixing by hand. User variation can limit the speed and control over the activation process, preventing consistent motility analysis. This is further complicated by the short interval (i.e., less than 15 s) of burst motility in these species. The objectives of this study were to develop a staggered herringbone microfluidic mixer to: 1) activate small volumes of Danio pearl zebrafish (Danio albolineatus) sperm by rapid mixing with diluent, and 2) position sperm in a viewing chamber for motility evaluation using a standard CASA system. A herringbone micromixer was fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to yield high quality smooth surfaces. Based on fluorescence microscopy, mixing efficiency exceeding 90% was achieved within 5 s for a range of flow rates (from 50 to 250 μL/h), with a correlation of mixing distances and mixing efficiency. For example, at the nominal flow rate of 100 μL/h, there was a significant difference in mixing efficiency between 3.5 mm (75 ± 4%; mean ± SD) and 7 mm (92 ± 2%; P = 0.002). The PDMS micromixer, integrated with standard volumetric slides, demonstrated activation of fresh zebrafish sperm with reduced user variation, greater control, and without morphologic damage to sperm. Analysis of zebrafish sperm viability by CASA revealed a statistically higher motility rate for activation by micromixing (56 ± 4%) than manual activation (45 ± 7%; n = 5, P = 0.011). This micromixer represented a first step in streamlining methods for consistent, rapid assessment of sperm quality for zebrafish and other aquatic species. The capability to rapidly activate sperm and consistently measure motility with CASA using the PDMS micromixer described herein will improve studies of germplasm physiology and cryopreservation.
Dynamic mechanical properties of particulate-filled composites

The relative shear moduli of composites containing glass spheres in a rubbery matrix obey the Mooney equation, analogous to the relative viscosity of similar suspensions in Newtonian liquids. However, when the matrix is a rigid epoxy, the relative shear moduli are less than what the Mooney equation predicts but greater than what the Kerner equation predicts. Relative moduli are less for rigid matrices than for rubbery matrices because (1) the modulus of the filler is not extremely greater compared to that of the rigid matrix; (2) Poisson's ratio is less than 0.5 for a rigid matrix; (3) thermal stresses in the matrix surrounding the particles reduce the apparent modulus of the polymer matrix because of the nonlinear stress—strain behavior of the matrix. This latter effect gives rise to a temperature dependence of the relative modulus below the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix. Formation of strong aggregates increases the shear modulus the same as viscosity is increased by aggregation. Torsion or flexure tests on specimens made by casting or by molding give incorrect low values of moduli because of a surface layer containing an excess of matrix material; this gives rise to a fictitious increase in apparent modulus as particle size decreases. The mechanical damping can be markedly changed by surface treatment of the filler particles without noticeable changes in the modulus. The Kerner equation, which is a lower bound to the shear modulus, is modified and brought into closer aggrement with the experimental data by taking into account the maximum packing fraction of the filler particles.
L -functions and their inverses

Using concepts from qualitative matrix theory, we introduce a class of nonlinear mappings from $\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n $ called L-functions. These generalize the L-matrices in much the same way that M-functions generalize M-matrices. We prove some global inverse function theorems for L-functions on several different types of domains without assuming that such functions are differentiable. Thus we do not make use of the Jacobian matrix. We also obtain interesting qualitative relations which must hold between an L-function and its inverse. Finally we prove a global implicit function theorem for L-functions, again without assuming differentiability.
On the choice of design and of test statistic in the analysis of experiments with sampled materials

The failure to treat samples of materials as random effects in the analysis of variance suggests that type I errors abound. However, a proficient experimenter probably handles materials more subtly than a superficial model implies. A series of simulated experiments is used to assess the consequences of selecting material samples in various ways. When material variability is present and samples are selected haphazardly, tests based on the quasi- F statistics are correct, although any such design lacks power unless sufficiently large samples of material are used. If materials are sampled systematically, many of the difficulties are reduced. Where the size of the material variation is not too great and can be accurately balanced across conditions, quasi- F tests that include this blocking are most powerful and least error prone. However, if the blocking is ignored, quasi- F tests have substantial negative bias, while the conventional fixed—effect F 1 statistic can give more powerful tests while incurring only limited vulnerability to false-positive errors.
Toward Microendoscopic Electrical Impedance Tomography for Intraoperative Surgical Margin Assessment

No clinical protocols are routinely used to intraoperatively assess surgical margin status during prostate surgery. Instead, margins are evaluated through pathological assessment of the prostate following radical prostatectomy, when it is too late to provide additional surgical intervention. An intraoperative device potentially capable of assessing surgical margin status based on the electrical property contrast between benign and malignant prostate tissue has been developed. Specifically, a microendoscopic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) probe has been constructed to sense and image, at near millimeter resolution, the conductivity contrast within heterogeneous biological tissues with the goal of providing surgeons with real-time assessment of margin pathologies. This device consists of a ring of eight 0.6-mm diameter electrodes embedded in a 5-mm diameter probe tip to enable access through a 12-mm laparoscopic port. Experiments were performed to evaluate the volume of tissue sensed by the probe. The probe was also tested with inclusions in gelatin, as well as on a sample of porcine tissue with clearly defined regions of adipose and muscle. The probe's area of sensitivity consists of a circular area of 9.1 mm(2) and the maximum depth of sensitivity is approximately 1.5 mm. The probe is able to distinguish between high contrast muscle and adipose tissue on a sub-mm scale (∼500 μm). These preliminary results suggest that EIT is possible in a probe designed to fit within a 12-mm laparoscopic access port.
Importance of sample intraparticle diffusivity in investigations of the mass transfer mechanism in liquid chromatography

The effective diffusivity of a nonretained (thiourea) and of a strongly retained (phenol) compounds were measured with the peak parking method in two different columns (both 150 × 4.6 mm) packed with two types of porous particles having different mesopore sizes [5 μm Jupiter-C18, 320 A and Luna(2)-C18, 100 A]. The eluent was a methanol–water mixture (10/90 v/v) and the temperature 294 K. The effective diffusivity data acquired were used to determine the intraparticle diffusivity, Dp, based on two different diffusion models. The first one assumes that the diffusion fluxes across the particles and in the interparticle volume are additive (parallel diffusion model). The second model was rigorously derived on the basis of the effective medium theory of diffusion (diffusion model) in a binary composite medium (particles + interparticle volume). In both models, it was assumed that the rate of equilibrium between the liquid and the solid phases was infinitely faster than the rate of axial diffusion along the column at zero flow rate. Both models provide physically meaningful intraparticle diffusivity coefficients that take into account the average mesopore size of the particles, their specific surface area, and the retention factor of the analyte. Although the actual effective intraparticle diffusivity remains unknown, these result confirm that the mass transfer resistance due to diffusion through the porous particles has almost negligible effects in reversed phase liquid chromatography due to the importance of surface diffusion. Combining the results of the peak parking method with the h data measured at high linear velocities allows the unambiguous measurement of the film mass transfer and the surface diffusion coefficients. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Gamma cascade detectors for the space station era

Abstract Emulsion chambers provide a unique opportunity to observe gamma ray sources in the 0.1–10 TeV energy range. A new hybrid detector system is proposed, employing a scintillator ribbon fiber counter system to provide particle arrival time and direction information as well as an energy estimate, supplementing the accurate particle identification and energy determination capabilities of the emulsion chamber. The counter system is intended to be self-contained and undemanding, and will work efficiently in remote-site balloon flight exposures as well as in the Space Station environment.
Inhibition of adenosine deaminase by analogues of adenosine and inosine, incorporating a common heterocyclic base, 4(7)-amino-6(5)H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-7(4)one.

Four nucleoside analogues (1−4) containing a common heterocyclic base, 4(7)-amino-6(5)H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-7(4)one, were screened against calf-intestine adenosine deaminase. Compounds 1 and 3 with Ki values of 10–12 µM are more than four times as potent inhibitors of ADA compared with 2 and 4, with Ki values of 51–52 µM. Also, 3 is not a substrate of ADA. Nucleosides 3 and 4 also exhibit moderate in vitro activity against breast cancer cell lines, while all four are only minimally or nontoxic to the normal cells.
Reliability of the Lifetime Inventory of Drug Use Consequences (INDUC) in methadone maintenance patients.

Abstract One hundred twenty one opiate-dependent individuals in methadone maintenance treatment at an urban university medical center in the U.S. were administered the Inventory of Drug Use Consequences (InDUC), and 68 subjects provided follow-up assessments at two to six weeks. The sample included 61 (50.4%) women; 86 (71.1%) of the subjects reported that they were White, 29 (24.0%) Black, and six (5.0%) other race. The mean age was 41.9 (SD=9.7) years. Ninety-nine (81.8%) of participants had used opiates intravenously. INDUC total scores and a short form showed high internal consistency (α) and test-retest reliability (ICC) across gender, race, ethnicity, and education, supporting their use as global measures of drug use consequences. The interpersonal scale was also reliable across strata whereas the physical and intrapersonal scales were not reliable. The impulse control and social responsibility scales were stable but not internally consistent.
The scenery factor of the [T,T^-^1] transformation is not loosely Bernoulli

Kalikow (1982) proved that the [T,T -1 ] transformation is not isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift. We show that the scenery factor of the [T, T -1 ] transformation is not isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift. Moreover, we show that it is not Kakutani equivalent to a Bernoulli shift.
Points of low height on elliptic surfaces with torsion

We determine the smallest possible canonical height for a non-torsion point P of an elliptic curve E over a function field ℂ( t ) of discriminant degree 12 n with a 2-torsion point for n =1,2,3, and with a 3-torsion point for n =1,2. For each m =2,3, we parametrize the set of triples ( E , P , T ) of an elliptic curve E /ℚ with a rational point P and m -torsion point T that satisfy certain integrality conditions by an open subset of ℙ 2 . We recover explicit equations for all elliptic surfaces ( E , P , T ) attaining each minimum by locating them as curves in our projective models. We also prove that for n =1,2 , these heights are minimal for elliptic curves over a function field of any genus. In each case, the optimal ( E , P , T ) are characterized by their patterns of integral points.
PerFOraciÓn Vesicular y neuMatOsis POrtOMesentÉrica secundarias a trauMa aBdOMinal cOntusO

Paciente de sexo femenino de 73 anos de edad consulto en unidad de emergencia por caida des-de altura golpeandose el abdomen tres dias atras. Presentaba dolor abdominal difuso asociado a fiebre en las ultimas 24 h. Al ingreso se encontraba normotensa, taquicardica, febril (38°C). Al examen fisico abdomen blando, depresible, con dolor difuso a la palpacion profunda. Se realizo TC que mostro liquido libre en cavidad abdominal, extensa neu-matosis portomesenterica, vesicula biliar colapsada (Figuras 1, 2, 3). Se realizo laparotomia exploradora evidenciando biliperitoneo difuso, perforacion de 1 cm de diametro en fondo vesicular, no presentaba colelitiasis. Durante la induccion anestesica la paciente presento paro cardiorrespiratorio lo que requirio reanimacion cardiopulmonar hasta revertir la situacion, debido a esto se decidio realizar aseo de cavidad abdominal, colecistostomia y laparosto-
SU-FF-I-58: A Software Toolkit for Multi-Image Registration and Segmentation in IGRT and ART

Purpose: Extracting information from images for image‐guided and adaptive radiation therapy usually involves segmentation and/or registration with a reference image. The purpose of this research was to develop and make freely available a software toolkit for research use that combines several registration and segmentation methods and is applicable to problems involving multiple sequential images.Method and Materials: Two automatic approaches have been integrated with standard interactive methods. One automatic approach solves PDEs describing visco‐elastic flow to register a set of target images with a reference image. Segmentations can then be transferred from the reference image to target images via corresponding deformation fields. The second method segments images via Bayesian posterior optimization of a 3D deformable shape model called an m‐rep. User efficiency has been improved by the ability to queue, view, work with, and compare multiple images and segmentations during a single session. The software was developed in C++ and runs on Windows and Linux. Results: The GUI, including a window with panes for standard orthogonal 2D views linked to a second 3D window, preserves a common look and feel for all three approaches. A set of treatment images of the same patient initially are rigidly registered to a reference image. The images are then segmented by the methods of choice. Unsatisfactory automatic results are edited with conventional methods. Registered images and segmentations are output in DICOM RT format. Conclusion: The toolkit combines multiple approaches for image registration and segmentation in a system specifically designed to support research on IGRT and ART. A cost‐free license to download and use the software is available at http://planunc.radonc.unc.edu. Research supported by NCI/NCRR R01 RR 01861501.
Terrorist Success in Hostage-Taking Incidents An Empirical Study

This article identifies factors that help explain terrorist success in hostage-taking events. Two measures of success are examined: logistical success and negotiation success. In the empirical esti...
Optical microcavities: Label-free detection down to single virus particles

Binding of Influenza A virus particles is detected from the frequency shift of a microsphere cavity. To overcome limitations posed by diffusion, transport of nanoparticles to the sensing region is enhanced by optical gradient forces.
Indices for monitoring hospital outcomes in developed countries

Abstract We discuss some of the challenges facing hospitals in developed nations, with special attention to the need to monitor and evaluate hospital performance. In particular, there is a need for quality indicators that measure the effects of treatment, and are risk-adjusted, so that valid comparisons of outcomes can be made across hospitals that treat different types of patients. Until recently, only very crude quality Indicators have been available for comparing the performance of different hospitals. We describe three risk-adjusted Indices for comparing the outcomes of hospital care, focusing on the construction and validation of these measures. We discuss the uses of these tools for Identifying problems and for monitoring outcomes of care within a hospital, including screening medical records for peer review, identifying variations in outcomes across various subgroups of physicians, and comparing changes in outcomes following various changes in the delivery system. Possible applications at the regional, national and international levels are then discussed, with special emphasis on the use of these tools for measuring the size of the gap between the efficacy of a technology, aa determined through randomized controlled trials under stringent protocols, and the effectiveness of the same technology once It is exported, and then used under true practice conditions in another country.
Identification and characterization of an immunologically conserved adenovirus early region 11,000 Mr protein and its association with the nuclear matrix.

Abstract Antisera from some hamsters bearing adenovirus-induced tumors contain antibodies to an 11,000 M r adenovirus-induced protein. In adenovirus-infected HeLa cells, this early viral protein was specifically associated with the nuclear matrix fraction. After two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, two forms of the 11,000 M r protein at pI 5.6 and pI 5.4 were found. Only the pI 5.4 form of this protein was associated with the nuclear matrix fraction. Adenoviruses from groups A, B, C, D and E all produced an early viral protein (10,000 to 12,000 M r ) that reacted with group C antibody to the 11,000 M r protein. To date, this is the only known early viral protein that is immunologically conserved in all of the human adenovirus groups. The positions of two methionine and seven leucine residues were determined by sequencing the first 35 amino acids from the N terminus of the adenovirus serotype 2 group C 11,000 M r protein. The positions of these amino acid residues were compared to the adenovirus serotype 2 nucleotide sequence, which uniquely localized the structural gene of the 11,000 M r protein to region E4, subregion 3 in type 2 adenovirus. A frameshift mutant, which contained a deletion of one base-pair in the structural gene of the 11,000 M r protein, was isolated and mapped by marker rescue and nucleotide sequence analysis. This mutant failed to produce immunologically detectable 11,000 M r protein. The mutant had a viable phenotype, producing normal levels of infectious virus in both HeLa cells and WI38 cells in culture. These experiments identify the first adenovirus early region 4 protein detected in virus-infected cells.
Condensed Sedimentary Sequence and Associated Submarine Hiatus Within a Cratonic Basin Setting--Case Study of Upper Devonian Genundewa Limestone of New York: ABSTRACT

The Genundewa Member (medial Genesee Formation: Frasnian) is a thin limestone, traceable from Canandaigua Lake westward to Lake Erie. This unit, bounded both above and below by black, fissile shales, is composed mainly of shells of the pelagic, conoidal organism Styliolina fissurella, and lesser amounts of pelmatozoan debris, cephalopod conchs, wood fragments, and conodonts. The Genundewa displays prominent westward sedimentary condensation; eastern sections, up to 13 ft (4 m) thick, are mudstone-rich. West of central Genesee County, the Genundewa is typically a thin, 2 to 14 in. (5 to 36 cm) thick, compact bed composed of Styliolina biosparite with localized lentils of cephalopod coquinite. The Genundewa is underlain by a prominent discontinuity traceable from central Genesee County westward; this hiatus is coextensive with remanie deposits of the North Evans Member which overlie the Windom-Genesee unconformity in western Erie County. The sub-Genundewa unconformity displays westward erosional overstep of underlying beds across Erie County with consequent increase in hiatal interval. East of Cazenovia Creek, the disconformity is marked by exhumed, glauconite-coated Penn Yan concretions and a thin blanket of remanie sediment. From Cazenovia Creek westward, the remanie blanket thickens with appearance of reworked Windom-derived brachiopods, and concretions, numerous fish bones, and increased pelmatozoan debris. Pre-Genundewa erosion occurred in an oxygen-deficient outer shelf setting, as indicated by absence of associated benthos and by local occurrence of the hiatus within black shale. Genundewa Styliolina ooze accumulated following the erosion event under conditions of prolonged sediment starvation on a dysaerobic sea floor. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1164------------
Comparison of older adults' Steps per day using an NL-1000 pedometer and two GT3X+ accelerometer Filters

The purpose of this study was to compare the steps/d derived from the ActiGraph GT3X+ using the manufacturer’s default filter (DF) and low-frequency-extension filter (LFX) with those from the NL-1000 pedometer in an older adult sample. Fifteen older adults (61–82 yr) wore a GT3X+ (24 hr/day) and an NL-1000 (waking hours) for 7 d. Day was the unit of analysis (n = 86 valid days) comparing (a) GT3X+ DF and NL-1000 steps/d and (b) GT3X+ LFX and NL-1000 steps/d. DF was highly correlated with NL-1000 (r = .80), but there was a significant mean difference (–769 steps/d). LFX and NL-1000 were highly correlated (r = .90), but there also was a significant mean difference (8,140 steps/d). Percent difference and absolute percent difference between DF and NL-1000 were –7.4% and 16.0%, respectively, and for LFX and NL-1000 both were 121.9%. Regardless of filter used, GT3X+ did not provide comparable pedometer estimates of steps/d in this older adult sample.
Rearrangements between differentiating hair cells coordinate planar polarity and the establishment of mirror symmetry in lateral-line neuromasts

In addition to their ubiquitous apical-basal polarity, many epithelia are also polarized along an orthogonal axis, a phenomenon termed planar cell polarity (PCP). In the mammalian inner ear and the zebrafish lateral line, PCP is revealed through the orientation of mechanosensitive hair cells relative to each other and to the body axes. In each neuromast, the receptor organ of the lateral line, hair bundles are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical fashion. Here we show that the establishment of mirror symmetry is preceded by rotational rearrangements between hair-cell pairs, a behavior consistently associated with the division of hair-cell precursors. Time-lapse imaging of trilobite mutants, which lack the core PCP constituent Vang-like protein 2 (Vangl2), shows that their misoriented hair cells correlate with misaligned divisions of hair-cell precursors and an inability to complete rearrangements accurately. Vangl2 is asymmetrically localized in the cells of the neuromast, a configuration required for accurate completion of rearrangements. Manipulation of Vangl2 expression or of Notch signaling results in a uniform hair-cell polarity, indicating that rearrangements refine neuromast polarity with respect to the body axes.
Crop residue removal for bioenergy reduces soil carbon pools: how can we offset carbon losses?

Crop residue removal for bioenergy can deplete soil organic carbon (SOC) pools. Management strategies to counteract the adverse effects of residue removal on SOC pools have not been, however, widely discussed. This paper reviews potential practices that can be used to offset the SOC lost with residue removal. Literature indicates that practices including no-till cover crops, manure and compost application, and return of biofuel co-products increase SOC pools and may thus be used to offset some SOC loss. No-till rotations that include semi-perennial grasses or legumes also offer a promise to promote soil-profile C sequestration and improve soil resilience after residue removal. No-till cover crops can sequester between 0.10 and 1 Mg ha−1 per year of SOC relative to no-till without cover crops, depending on cover crop species, soil type, and precipitation input. Animal manure and compost contain about 15 % of C and thus their addition to soil can enhance SOC pools and boost soil biological activity. Similarly, application of biofuel co-products such as biochar, which contain between 45 % and 85 % of C depending on the feedstock source and processing method, can enhance long-term C sequestration. These mitigation strategies may maintain SOC pools under partial residue removal in no-till soils but are unlikely to replace all the SOC lost if residue is removed at excessive rates. More field research and modeling efforts are needed to assess the magnitude at which the different mitigation strategies can overcome SOC loss with crop residue removal.
A note on the derivation of the Stevens Power Law.

Previous derivations of the Stevens Power Law relating loudness to intensity assume, in addition to level invariance, that the relation must be analytic or at least differentiable. This last condition is replaced here by the weaker one of requiring only continuity.
Synthesis of a trans,syn,trans-Dodecahydrophenanthrene via a Bicyclic Transannular Diels−Alder Reaction: Intermediate for the Synthesis of Fusidic Acid

While thermolysis of the macrobicyclic triene lactone 12 did not produce the expected bicyclic transannular Diels−Alder (BTADA) product 13, heating the corresponding ether 18 to 110 °C for 4 h afforded a quantitative yield of the desired cycloadduct 19, which could be easily reduced to the perhydrophenanthrene, an ABC ring analogue of fusidic acid 1. Theoretical calculations with hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) help rationalize why the lactone does not cyclize whereas the ether does.
Robust hovering control of a single-DOF flapping wing MAV

We present in this note preliminary results on control design and stability analysis for robust control of ?apping wing Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs). The simple case considered in this paper, namely hovering control of a 1-DOF MAV model, is meant to illustrate some of the speci?c issues arising with the control of ?apping-wing MAV, which stem from the peculiar characteristics of the actuation mechanism. The main purpose of the paper is to set a rigorous framework in which results from averaging theory and stabilization by bounded feedback can be effectively combined.