cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MUTATIONS AFFECTING THE HIGH AFFINITY ATPASE CENTER OF GPA, THE LARGE SUBUNIT OF BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA TERMINASE, INACTIVATE THE ENDONUCLEASE ACTIVITY OF TERMINASE

Phage lambda terminase carries out the cos cleavage reaction that generates mature chromosomes from immature concatemeric DNA. The ATP-stimulated endonuclease activity of terminase is located in gpA, the large terminase subunit. There is a high affinity ATPase center in gpA, and a match to the conserved P-loop of known ATPases is found starting near residue 490. Changing the conserved P-loop lysine at residue 497 of gpA affects the high affinity ATPase activity of terminase. In the present work, mutations causing the gpA changes K497A and K497D were found to be lethal, and phages carrying these mutations were defective in cos cleavage, in vivo. Purified K497A and K497D enzymes cleaved cos in vitro at rates reduced from the wild-type rate by factors of 1000 and 2000, respectively. The strong defects in cos cleavage are sufficient to explain the lethality of the K497A and K497D defects. In in vitro packaging studies using mature (cleaved) phage DNA, the K497A enzyme was indistinguishable from the wild-type enzyme, and the K497D enzyme showed a mild packaging defect under limiting terminase conditions. In a purified DNA packaging system, the wild-type and K497D enzymes showed similar packaging activities that were stimulated to half-maximal levels at about 3 microM ATP, indicating that the K497D change does not affect DNA translocation. In sum, the work indicates that the high affinity ATPase center of gpA is involved in stimulation of the endonuclease activity of terminase.
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and FUV calibration facility for special sensor ultraviolet limb imager (SSULI)

A facility for calibrating far ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet instruments has recently been completed at the Naval Research Laboratory. Our vacuum calibration vessel is 2-m in length, 1.67-m in diameter, and can accommodate optical test benches up to 1.2-m wide by 1.5-m in length. A kinematically positioned frame with four axis precision pointing capability of 10 microns for linear translation and .01 degrees for rotation is presently used during vacuum optical calibration of SSULI. The chamber was fabricated from 304 stainless steel and polished internally to reduce surface outgassing. A dust-free environment is maintained at the rear of the vacuum chamber by enclosing the 2-m hinged vacuum access door in an 8 ft. by 8 ft. class 100 clean room. Every effort was made to obtain an oil-free environment within the vacuum vessel. Outgassing products are continually monitored with a 1 - 200 amu residual gas analyzer. An oil-free claw and vane pump evacuates the chamber to 10-2 torr through 4 in. diameter stainless steel roughing lines. High vacuum is achieved and maintained with a magnetically levitated 480 l/s turbo pump and a 3000 l/s He4 cryopump. Either of two vacuum monochrometers, a 1-m f/10.4 or a 0.2-m f/4.5 are coaxially aligned with the optical axis of the chamber and are used to select single UV atomic resonance lines from a windowless capillary or penning discharge UV light source. A calibrated channeltron detector is coaxially mounted with the SSULI detector during calibration. All vacuum valves, the cooling system for the cryopump compressor, and the roughing pump are controlled through optical fibers which are interfaced to a computer through a VME board. Optical fibers were chosen to ensure that complete electrical isolation is maintained between the computer and the vacuum system valves-solenoids and relays.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Neuropsychological assessment of an adult's minimal brain dysfunction: a case study.

Summary.-A 38-yr.-old married man complained of difficulties in remembering and concentration. Related were difficulties in orienting himself in space, planning and completing visual-spatial task, and participating in complex perceptual-motor activities. Neurological and traditional psychological examinations indicated no organic deficits. Neuropsychological evaluation produced evidence suggestive of subtle cerebral dysfunction. Limitations of traditional assessment strategies to identify the clinical manifestations of adults' minimal brain dysfunction are briefly discussed. There is ample evidence that patients with histories of childhood minimal brain dysfunction may present a variety of clinical manifestations in adulthood (Menkes, Rowe, & Menkes, 1967; Morrison & Minkoff, 1975; O'Neal & Robbins, 1958). Also, it has been suggested that minimal brain dysfunction may be concealed by other diagnoses, such as sociopathy, explosive personality, hysterical character, labile personality (Wood, Reirnherr, & Winder, 1976), and schizophrenia (Huey, Zetin, & Janowsky, 1978). Adequate assessment procedures are clearly of the utmost clinical importance in diagnosing this type of patient. The following case may be representative of a subgroup of adults who present clinical manifestations of minimal brain dysfunction. It is postulated that a certain percentage of such patients may fail to receive proper diagnostic classification.
The Dual Urban Labor Market

Recent editions of introductory economics textbooks reflect the actual or imputed interest of college students in minority group problems. The material is usually of a descriptive nature and at least fulfills the purpose of indicating to the reader that the author and, implicitly, the instructor share his interest. Unlike traditional topics, the accordance of academic legitimacy to the subject through graphical constructs and policy recommendations based upon such analysis is noticeably absent, thereby perpetuating an apparent misconception among many black and white students that the subject is lacking in content, and its introduction is merely a form of appeasement. The following is material evolving from the black experience which I have used with students of introductory price theory.
Derivation and validation of murine histologic alterations resembling asthma, with two proposed histologic grade parameters

Background The objective was to define murine histologic alterations resembling asthma in a BALB/c OVA model and to suggest grading criteria. Identified were six salient histologic findings in lungs with putative allergic inflammation: 1) bronchoarterial space inflammation; 2) peri-venular inflammation; 3) inflammation about amuscular blood vessels; 4) inter-alveolar space inflammation, not about capillaries; 5) pleural inflammation; and 6) eosinophils within the inflammatory aggregates. An initial study comprised six groups of twelve mice each: 1) stressed, control; 2) stressed, sensitized; 3) stressed, challenged; 4) not physically stressed, control; 5) not physically stressed, sensitized; 6) not physically stressed, challenged. A second study comprised four experimental groups of twenty mice each: 1) stressed, control; 2) stressed, challenged; 3) not physically stressed, control; 4) not physically stressed, challenged. A third study evaluated two grading criteria, 1) the proportion of non-tracheal respiratory passages with inflammatory aggregates and 2) mitoses in the largest two non-tracheal respiratory passages, in five groups of five mice each, evaluated at different times after the last exposure.
Formaldehyde exposure, acute pulmonary response, and exposure control options in a gross anatomy laboratory

Formaldehyde exposure, acute pulmonary response, and exposure control options were evaluated in a group of 34 workers in a gross anatomy laboratory. Time-weighted average (TWA) exposure to formaldehyde ranged from 0.07-2.94 parts per million (ppm) during dissecting operations. More than 94% were exposed to formaldehyde in excess of the ceiling value of 0.3 ppm recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The eight-hour TWA exposure of 31.7% of the subjects exceeded the action level of 0.5 ppm set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Reported symptoms included irritation of eye (88%), nose (74%), throat (29%), and airways (21%). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 3 seconds (FEV3) decreased, and FEV1/FVC increased during the exposure. The changes of FEV3 were statistically different from those of the controls. The results strongly support the necessity for designing and testing special local exhaust-ventilated worktables with necessary flexibility for dissecting operations.
Combining semantic, social, and acoustic similarity for retrieval of environmental sounds

Recent work in audio information retrieval has demonstrated the effectiveness of combining semantic information, such as descriptive, tags with acoustic content. However, these methods largely ignore the possibility of tag queries that do not yet exist in the database and the possibility of similar terms. In this work, we propose a network structure integrating similarity between semantic tags, content-based similarity between environmental audio recordings, and the collective sound descriptions provided by a user community. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by comparing the use of existing similarity measures for incorporating new vocabulary into an audio annotation and retrieval system.
Downregulation and increased turnover of β-amyloid precursor protein in skeletal muscle cultures by neuregulin-1

Abstract The β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) is found in skeletal muscle localized to the base of the postsynaptic folds of the neuromuscular junction; yet here, as well as in neurons, its function remains enigmatic. Here we report that the motor nerve-derived trophic factor neuregulin-1 (NRG1) regulates both steady-state βAPP levels as well as the metabolism of the cell surface-associated protein in cultured muscle cells. These two effects occur over two discernible time scales. At short times (minutes to hours), NRG1 increases the rate of internalization and apparent degradation of cell surface βAPP while reducing the release of soluble APP to the medium. At longer times (hours to days), NRG1 causes a decrease in mRNA for βAPP with a concomitant reduction in steady-state protein levels. These are novel findings for this trophic factor originally identified as inducing the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and other important synaptic proteins in skeletal muscle. They suggest that βAPP may play a receptor or signal transduction role at the neuromuscular junction since other receptor protein’s actions are terminated in a similar fashion. The effects of NRG1 on βAPP metabolism are overcome by inhibitors of both the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, yet are distinct from those activated during induction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor biosynthesis. βAPP should be added to the list of specialized post-neuromuscular junction proteins that are regulated by cholinergic terminal-derived factors critical to synaptogenesis.
Phase Sensitive Recombination of Two Bose-Einstein Condensates on an Atom Chip

The recombination of two split Bose-Einstein condensates on an atom chip is shown to result in heating which depends on the relative phase of the two condensates. This heating reduces the number of condensate atoms between 10% and 40% and provides a robust way to read out the phase of an atom interferometer without the need for ballistic expansion. The heating may be caused by the dissipation of dark solitons created during the merging of the condensates.
Building social capital in the academy: The nature and function of support systems in graduate adult education

In this chapter, two women doctoral candidates examine the nature and function of support systems in graduate adult education. Recommendations and strategies for building social capital in the academy are also discussed.
Effect of a series of phosphine and phosphite ligands on the Taft substituent constants of arenechromiumcarbonyl and cyclopentadienylmanganesecarbonyl complexes

Abstract A series of m - and p -fluorophenylarenechromiumcarbonyl and m - and p -fluorophenylcyclopentadienylmanganesecarbonyl complexes of phosphines and phosphites have been prepared and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. Taft substituent constants were calculated from the 19 F chemical shifts and carbonyl stretching force constants were calculated from the carbonyl stretching frequencies of the compounds. It has been found that the phosphine and phosphite groups exert parallel effects on the Taft constants and stretching force constants and, furthermore, that the trends in the chromium and manganese series are strongly related.
Electrochemical Sensing of Explosives

This article reviews recent advances in electrochemical sensing and detection of explosive substances. Escalating threats of terrorist activities and growing environmental concerns have generated major demands for innovative field-deployable tools for detecting explosives in a fast, sensitive, reliable and simple manner. Field detection of explosive substances requires that a powerful analytical performance be coupled to miniaturized low-cost instrumentation. Electrochemical devices offer attractive opportunities for addressing the growing explosive sensing needs. The advantages of electrochemical systems include high sensitivity and selectivity, speed, a wide linear range, compatibility with modern microfabrication techniques, minimal space and power requirements, and low-cost instrumentation. The inherent electroactivity of nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitroester compounds makes them ideal candidates for electrochemical detection. Recent activity in various laboratories has led to the development of disposable sensor strips, novel electrode materials, submersible remote sensors, and electrochemical detectors for microchip (‘Lab-on-Chip’) devices for on-site electrochemical detection of explosive substances. The attractive behavior of these electrochemical monitoring systems makes them very promising for addressing major security and environmental problems.
Gene targeting in the rat: advances and opportunities

The rat has long been a model favored by physiologists, pharmacologists and neuroscientists. However, over the past two decades, many investigators in these fields have turned to the mouse because of its gene modification technologies and extensive genomic resources. Although the genomic resources of the rat have nearly caught up, gene targeting has lagged far behind, limiting the value of the rat for many investigators. In the past two years, advances in transposon- and zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated gene knockout as well as the establishment and culturing of embryonic and inducible pluripotent stem cells have created new opportunities for rat genetic research. Here, we provide a high-level description and the potential uses of these new technologies for investigators using the rat for biomedical research.
Studies of the respiration of the mycelium of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria.

There is relatively little knowledge concerning the respiration of filamentous fungi. This paper describes some of the features of the tespiration,of a strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. and Schw.) Dit. ex Fr. and methods developed in handling such a septate fungus in respirometry. A review of the few published papers dealing with fungus respiration shows that wide differences exist among the results of various workers, and it is possible that much of the variability can be ascribed to differences in methodology rather than to real differences in physiology of the organisms concerned. The difficulty encountered in evaluating such differences is aggravated by the lack of supporting information such as development curves, pH data, environmental effects, etc. Some of the criticisms leveled against the older work have been stated by Wassink (1934). This literature based on analytical methods is not considered in any detail here, but attention is given in this short summary only to those papers using manometric or volumetric methods. None of the papers has undertaken a unified evaluation of fungus respiration with particular attention to the effects of technique. The need for the standardization of methods and the integration of the data concerning age, physiological condition, nutrition, etc. is emphasized. Various methods have been used by the several investigators in preparing fungi for respirometry. Usually pieces of mycelial mats taken from unshaken cultures have been used directly in the respirometers. In these cases it is often impossible to ascertain the homogeneity of the material with respect to vegetative and sporulating types. Dry weights, if determined, were taken at the end of the experiment. Although most of the papers were aimed at more specialized problems, some information about "normal" respiration can be extracted from them. Giese and Tatum (1946) reported a Qo2 ([tl.O2 consumed /mg. dry wt./hr.) from 10 to 55 for endogenous respiration of Neurospora. They were of the opinion that the rather wide variation was due to the age of the culture or its state of nutrition. Wolf (1947) using washed 6?/2-day-old mycelial pellets of Penicillium notatum suspended in buffer reported Qo2 values between 3.11 and 8.97 in fifty-five runs. The oxygen uptake of pellets of P. chrysogenum and P. notatum reported by Koffler and co-workers (1945) taken in the propagation medium reached a peak on the third to fifth day with Qo2 values around 30; the Qo2 then rapidly fell off to about 2 on the seventh day. This latter value is of about the same magnitude as that of Sordaria fimicola as deter-
Optoelectronic Devices Based on the Directed Self-Assembly of Single InAs/InP Quantum Dots

Optoelectronic devices based on single, self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots are attractive for applications in secure optical communications, quantum computation and sensing. In this paper we show how it is possible to dictate the nucleation site of individual InAs/InP quantum dots using a directed self-assembly process, to control the electronic structure of the nucleated dots and also how to control their coupling to the optical field by locating them within the high field region of a photonic crystal nanoocavity. For application within fiber networks, these quantum dots are targeted to emit in the spectral region around 1550nm.
Simultaneous ultrahigh harmonic detection wavelength modulation spectroscopy for resolving congested spectra

Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with simultaneous detection at high harmonics (up to and including N = 11) is reported for the first time. A Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is used to probe atmospheric oxygen using a multi-pass optical cell. The laser frequency is modulated at a low modulation index while synchronous detection is performed simultaneously at all harmonics up to the 11th. These higher harmonic signals allow for better resolution of congested spectra. Experimental results are used to detect and resolve absorption features in the A-band region of oxygen. The high harmonic signals are used to distinguish between stronger rotational-vibrational absorption lines in oxygen and weaker absorption lines formed by low-density isotopic oxygen. This detection method also allows for the resolution of overlap between these weaker isotopic spectra. Higher harmonic signals resolve additional structure, which does not appear at direct absorption measurements, or even in lower harmonic signals (N < 3). Since harmonic signal power decreases rapidly with detection order (N), the technique employed clearly shows that the commonly used signal-to-noise power ratio, while important, is not the only criterion for a good measurement. We examine the effects of optical pathlength saturation for these weak isotopic lines by measuring the effect of an optically thick path (at fixed density) on the signal.
In defense of non-reductionism in the epistemology of testimony

Almost everyone agrees that many testimonial beliefs constitute knowledge. According to non-reductionists, some testimonial beliefs possess positive epistemic status independent of that conferred by perception, memory, and induction. Recently, Jennifer Lackey has provided a counterexample to a popular version of this view. Here I argue that her counterexample fails.
Organizing for social change within concertive control systems: Member identification, empowerment, and the masking of discipline

The Grameen (“rural”) Bank organizes grassroots micro‐enterprises for productive self‐employment and social change among the poorest of the poor in Bangladesh. It provides collateral‐free loans and various social services for the poor, but maintains a 99 percent loan recovery rate. Many of the bank's more than two million members, 94 percent of whom are women, attribute their present well‐being to its ameliorative qualities. Using the theory of concertive control, we gained insight into why members and workers identify so strongly with the Grameen, how participation within this organization offers opportunities for empowerment, and how control systems operative within the bank account for its success. This theory also enabled us to examine how member and worker identification with the Grameen influences their evaluation of the disciplinary techniques that are part of the system. By examining the Grameen's organizational processes in terms of the theory of concertive control, we identify some of the parado...
Localization in Escherichia coli B of two enzymatic sites of action by 1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (IQ-1) on ribonucleic acid biosynthetic pathways

Abstract The site(s) of action of 1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (IQ-1) on RNA biosynthetic pathways was investigated in Escherichia coli B by measuring the effects of this drug on the conversion of 3H-uridine and 3H-adenosine to acid-soluble nucleotide forms. The incorporation of 3H-uridine into acid-soluble UMP and CMP was unaffected by a 50 per cent growth-inhibitory concentration of IQ-1; however, the progression of radioactivity from pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates to di- and triphosphates was markedly depressed. In contrast, the conversion of 3H-adenosine to purine nucleotide forms was unaffected by IQ-1. A partially purified preparation of ATP: nucleoside monophosphate phosphotransferase from E. coli was used to show that pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity was sensitive to IQ-1. A second locus of action appeared to be RNA polymerase; variable inhibition, which seemed to depend upon the degree of purity of the enzyme, was produced by IQ-1. Several structurally related compounds were tested for potency against pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase and RNA polymerase; the results showed close correlation between the potential for inhibition of growth and the degree of interference with the activity of these enzymes, suggesting the involvement of these lesions in the bacteriostatic action of IQ-1.
Effects of Periodic Feed Deprivation on Growth, Feed Efficiency, Processing Yield, and Body Composition of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Two studies were conducted in 110-L flow-through aquaria and 0.4-ha ponds to evaluate effects of periodic feed deprivation on the growth performance of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fish were deprived of feed 0, 1, 2, or 3 consecutive d/wk, l d per 5-d period, or 3 consecutive d per 10-d period and fed to satiation on days fish were fed. In Experiment 1, fish fed less frequently than daily consumed significantly less feed (over the experimental period) and gained significantly less weight than fish fed daily, except that feed consumption of fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk was not significantly different from that of fish fed daily. Compared with fish fed daily, fish deprived of feed 2 d/wk had significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Visceral fat of fish deprived of feed 1 or 2 d/wk was similar to that of fish fed daily, but fish deprived of feed for longer periods had significantly lower visceral fat than fish fed daily. Regression analysis indicated that feed consumption, weight gain, and visceral fat increased linearly as the number of days that fish were fed increased. In Experiment 2, there were no significant differences in the amount of feed fed between fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk and those fed daily. Net production of fish deprived of feed 1 or 2 d/wk or 1 d per 5-d period was not significantly different from that of fish fed daily, but fish deprived of feed for longer periods had significantly lower net production than fish fed daily. Visceral fat of fish deprived of feed 1 d/wk or 1 d per 5-d period was similar to that of fish fed daily, but fish on other treatments had significantly lower visceral fat than fish fed daily. Regression analysis showed that as the number of days fed increased the amount of feed fed and net production increased quadratically. Feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, visceral fat, and fillet fat increased, while fillet moisture decreased linearly as the number of days fed increased. Although feeding less frequently than daily may improve feed efficiency, and fish deprived of feed may demonstrate compensatory growth when a full feeding regime is resumed, it may be difficult to provide enough feed to satiate all size-classes of fish under a multiple-batch cropping system without causing water quality problems. Under normal economic conditions, fish should be fed daily to apparent satiation without waste and without causing water quality problems. However, during periods of unfavorable economic conditions, channel catfish raised from advanced fingerlings to market size may be fed less frequently than daily to reduce production cost. Results from the present study indicated that feeding channel catfish to satiation 5 or 6 d/wk (not feeding on one or two weekend days) could provide some benefits in reducing production cost through reduced feed and labor costs for food-sized channel catfish during periods of low fish prices and high feed prices.
Changes in brain organization after TBI Evidence from functional MRI findings

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a problem of growing public health interest with high incidence. After injury, patients are at risk for several long-term sequelae that encompass a wide array of physical and behavioral symptoms. Since conventional imaging modalities are limited in their ability to assess axonal injury or functional network connectivity, resting-state (RS) fMRI has great potential to evaluate the traumatic effect on brain network function. This technique may be particularly powerful in patients with mild TBI, who typically have minimal or no structural changes on anatomic imaging. There are several different ways to assess RS-fMRI data in order to gain insight into brain networks and connections. Well-established intrinsic brain networks in the resting state include the default mode network (DMN),1 the anti-DMN dorsal attention network, and the sensorimotor and visual networks. There are a variety of changes in RS-fMRI in subjects after mild TBI, including changes in DMN1 and changes in thalamocortical connectivity.2
Decadal variability of the North Pacific Polar Front: Subsurface warming versus surface cooling

[1] Over 200 hydrographic sections are used to trace the Polar Front defined as the southern boundary of the “pure” subarctic stratification with a pronounced, extremely cold, subsurface temperature minimum underlain by a temperature maximum. The front extends from 40°N off Japan to 57°N in the Gulf of Alaska where it retroflects and continues WSW with the Alaskan Stream. The front's decadal variability from 1977–1999 is examined along 150°E, 170°E, 175.5°E, and 180°E. At these longitudes the front is relatively stable, except for 170°E, where it shifts north-south by 400 km every 6 years. Most time series reveal a subsurface warming of ∼1°C per decade, and a surface cooling, of the front. Since the subsurface temperature minimum is a remnant of winter convection, the subsurface warming signals an amelioration of the winter climate, whereas the summer climate becomes colder.
Phenotypic plasticity in normal breast derived epithelial cells

Normal, healthy human breast tissue from a variety of volunteer donors has become available for research thanks to the establishment of the Susan G. Komen for the Cure® Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB). Multiple epithelial (K-HME) and stromal cells (K-HMS) were established from the donated tissue. Explant culture was utilized to isolate the cells from pieces of breast tissue. Selective media and trypsinization were employed to select either epithelial cells or stromal cells. The primary, non-transformed epithelial cells, the focus of this study, were characterized by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and in vitro cell culture. All of the primary, non-transformed epithelial cells tested have the ability to differentiate in vitro into a variety of cell types when plated in or on biologic matrices. Cells identified include stratified squamous epithelial, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neural progenitors/neurons, immature muscle and melanocytes. The cells also express markers of embryonic stem cells. The cell culture conditions employed select an epithelial cell that is pluri/multipotent. The plasticity of the epithelial cells developed mimics that seen in metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (MCB), a subtype of triple negative breast cancer; and may provide clues to the origin of this particularly aggressive type of breast cancer. The KTB is a unique biorepository, and the normal breast epithelial cells isolated from donated tissue have significant potential as new research tools.
Measuring Attitudes toward the Insanity Defense in Venirepersons: Refining the IDA-R in the Evaluation of Juror Bias 1

The negative attitude against the insanity defense held by venirepersons has a direct effect on individuals with mental illness who are in contact with the criminal justice system. Identifying factors in jurors that support negative attitudes is critical in trying to ensure that the insanity defense is given full consideration when pleaded by people with mental illnesses. This article used the Insanity Defense Attitude scale-Revised (IDA-R; Skeem, Louden, & Evans, 2004) to evaluate attitudes and factors supporting bias in 239 venirepersons. Through the use of confirmatory factor analyses a refined factor model was developed for the IDA-R, which was cross-validated on a sample of 567 undergraduates. Greater support for the death penalty and higher perception of insanity defense use were both related to a more negative attitude toward the insanity defense. Implications for jury selection and the fair treatment of individuals with mental illness are discussed.
In Poor Health: An Assessment of Privacy Policies at Direct-to-Consumer Web Sites

Abstract Overall, consumers are concerned about the privacy of their personal health information. However, they are also active seekers of health care information online. Many of these information searches lead consumers to Web sites sponsored by pharmaceutical companies that provide information about drugs that are available only through prescription. Many of these Web sites collect personalized information about site visitors to facilitate information exchanges between visitors and site sponsors. This study examines the types of information collected at Web sites that promote product-claim drugs and studies the privacy notices that such sites provide. The author evaluates the degree to which such notices comply with Federal Trade Commission Fair Information Practices. Drug Web sites collect a range of information through a variety of interactive methods. The Web sites have relatively high compliance with two of the Fair Information Practices, notice and choice, but they have poor compliance with the acc...
Studies of the effects of TiCl3 in LiBH4/CaH2/TiCl3 reversible hydrogen storage system

Abstract In the present study, the effects of TiCl3 on desorption kinetics, absorption/desorption reversibility, and related phase transformation processes in LiBH4/CaH2/TiCl3 hydrogen storage system was studied systematically by varying its concentration (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25). The results show that LiCl forms during ball milling of 6LiBH4/CaH2/xTiCl3 and that as temperature increases, o-LiBH4 transforms into h-LiBH4, into which LiCl incorporates, forming solid solution of LiBH4·LiCl, which melts above 280 °C. Molten LiBH4·LiCl is more viscous than molten LiBH4, preventing the clustering of LiBH4 and the accompanied agglomeration of CaH2, and thus preserving the nano-sized phase arrangement formed during ball milling. Above 350 °C, the molten solution LiBH4·LiCl further reacts with CaH2, precipitating LiCl. The main hydrogen desorption reaction is between molten LiBH4·LiCl and CaH2 and not between molten LiBH4 and CaH2. This alters the hydrogen reaction thermodynamics and lowers the hydrogen desorption temperature. In addition, the solid–liquid nano-sized phase arrangement in the nano-composites improves the hydrogen reaction kinetics. The reversible incorporation/precipitation of LiCl at the hydrogen reaction temperature and during temperature cycling makes the 6LiBH4/CaH2/0.25TiCl3 nano-composite a fully reversible hydrogen storage material. These four states of LiCl in LiBH4/CaH2/TiCl3 system, i.e. “formed-solid solution-molten solution-precipitation”, are reported for the first time and the detailed study of this system is beneficial to further improve hydrogen storage property of complex hydrides.
Synthesis and crystal structures of (fulvalene)W2(SH)2(CO)6, (fulvalene)W2(mu-S2)(CO)6, and (fulvalene)W2(mu-S)(CO)6-low valent tungsten carbonyl sulfide and disulfide complexes stabilized by the bridging fulvalene ligand

Reaction of FvW2(H)2(CO)6 with 2/8S8 in THF results in rapid and quantitative formation of FvW2(SH)2(CO)6. The crystal structure of this complex is reported and shows that the two tungsten−hydrosul...
From Ethnographic Insight to User‐centered Design Tools

This case study illustrates how Wells Fargo, a leading financial services institution, builds usercentered online experiences on a foundation of ethnographic insight. The research maintains a shelf life of several years and findings are kept alive through multidisciplinary participation and reusable user-centered design tools.
Random effects model for meta-analysis of multiple quantitative sibpair linkage studies

The growing interest in detection of genetic effects for complex traits along with molecular revolution has stimulated many linkage studies. Multiple replication studies tend to produce different results. In such situations, rigorous meta-analysis methods can be useful for assessing the overall evidence for linkage. We propose here a random effects model for combining results from independent quantitative sibpair linkage studies. The model can be used to assess the aggregate evidence for linkage by combing the regression coefficients to the Haseman and Elston [(1972) Behav Genet 2 :3-19] sibpair method as well as to assess heterogeneity among the multiple studies.
Coarctation repair in neonates and young infants: is small size or low weight still a risk factor?

Objective Previous reports of neonatal coarctation repair demonstrate a high rate of recurrent arch obstruction in small neonates. This study assesses the effect of patient size on reintervention and survival in neonates and infants undergoing repair of simple aortic coarctation. Methods From 1996 to 2006, 167 neonates and infants younger than 90 days with simple coarctation underwent repair. Median patient age was 16 days (range, 1–85 days). Median patient weight was 3.4 kg (range, 0.8–6.0 kg), with 29 patients weighing less than 2.5 kg. All 167 patients included in the study underwent repair through a left thoracotomy. Results There was 1 early death (1/167, 0.6%). Median follow-up of 4.8 years (range, 0–11.8 years) demonstrated 2 late deaths unrelated to recurrent coarctation. Eighteen patients underwent intervention for recurrent arch obstruction a median of 0.48 years postoperatively (range, 0.14–9.8 years). All were treated with balloon angioplasty and have required no additional intervention. Actuarial freedom from reintervention was 90% at 1 year and 89% at 5 years for infants weighing more than 2.5 kg and 89% at 1 year and 86% at 5 years (P = .31) for infants weighing less than 2.5 kg. There was no difference between survival or reintervention for neonates 30 days of age or younger compared with infants 31 to 90 days of age. Use of polypropylene sutures and female sex did correlate with increased reintervention. Conclusions Low weight does not affect survival or reintervention rates after coarctation repair in neonates and infants less than 3 months of age. Balloon angioplasty is an effective treatment for recurrent obstruction after coarctation repair in infancy. In the current era, timing of the operation should be based on clinical status.
Problematising style differences theory and professional learning in educational psychology

The conceptual basis for a model of professional learning in educational psychology is presented in this article. The approach is one aimed at an integration and application of theories of knowledge management with educational and organisational psychology in a pragmatic research methodology underpinning professional learning. The model focuses upon the idea of praxis and the working ideal of a 'thinking practitioner'. This is in turn applied to the development of individual differences theory as part of a critical revision problematising theory associated with researching style differences in cognition, learning and management. A need for critical revisionism, new directions in researching style differences and professional education is identified as part of an example illustrating a way to establish valid epistemic change and paradigm shift necessary for this development. The argument underpinning this approach, finally, concludes that the future is very much part of the past, as a knowledge source for informing contemporary professional learning thereby ensuring practice is not stuck in the present.
Hydroxylation of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol by rat prostate microsomes: Effects of antibodies and chemical inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes☆

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that rat prostate microsomes contain a single cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for the conversion of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol to a series of trihydroxylated products. The three major metabolites formed by in vitro incubation of 5α-[3H]androstane-3β,17β-diol with rat prostate microsomes were apparently 5α-androstane-3β,6α,17β-triol, 5α-androstane-3β,7α,17β-triol, and 5α-androstane-3β,7β,17β-triol, which were resolved and quantified by reverse-phase HPLC with a flow through radioactivity detector. The ratio of the three metabolites remained constant as a function of incubation time, microsomal protein concentration, ionic strength, and substrate concentration. The ratio of the three metabolites was dependent on pH, apparently because the hydroxylation of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol shifted from the 6α-to the 7α-position with increasing pH (6.8–8.0). The Vmax values were 380, 160, and 60 pmol/mg microsomal protein/min for the rate of 6α-, 7α-, and 7β-hydroxylation, respectively. Similar Km values (0.5–0.7 μm) were measured for enzymatic formation of all three metabolites, which suggests that formation of all three metabolites was catalyzed by a single, high-affinity enzyme. Testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol did not appreciably inhibit the hydroxylation of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, suggesting that this enzyme exhibits a high degree of substrate specificity. Formation of all three metabolites was inhibited by antibody against rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (85%) and by a 9:1 mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen (60%). Several chemical inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially the antimycotic drug clotrimazole, also inhibited the formation of all three metabolites. Polyclonal antibodies that recognize liver cytochrome P450 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, and 3A enzymes did not inhibit 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol hydroxylase activity. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the 6α-, 7α-, and 7β-hydroxylation of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol by rat prostate microsomes is catalyzed by a single, high-affinity P450 enzyme. This cytochrome P450 enzyme appears to be structurally distinct from those in the 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, and 3A gene families.
6.4: Effects on Seal Material Resulting from a Pre‐Assembly Temperature Difference Between the TFT and CF Substrate

Due to a temperature difference between the TFT and CF during assembly, there will be shear forces on the seals of a multi-panel cell array. These shear forces are calculated using finite element analyses for typical seal geometries. Recommendations are presented for seal layout designs.
Incorporation of Unnatural Pyrimidine Bases into Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Mammalian Cells

When a mammalian cell strain was incubated with 5-iododeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxyuridine, DNA thymine was partially replaced by the halogen-containing pyrimidines. The extent of incorporation of the unnatural bases increased when amethopterin and hypoxanthine were added to the medium. It is thus evident that the replacement of DNA thymine by selected structural analogs, a phenomenon previously reported for bacterial systems, is applicable to cells of higher organisms.
Reducing inter-element acoustic crosstalk in capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers

The inter-element acoustic crosstalk problem in capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) arrays is discussed in this paper. A transfer function matrix approach was used to derive modified transmit waveforms on adjacent elements to reduce the apparent acoustic crosstalk. The significance of this is that this technique relies on programmable waveforms, so that it yields a reduced crosstalk effect with no additional fabrication complexity if the requisite programmable waveform transmit circuits are available. The crosstalk reduction achieved by this method also was examined in combination with conventional (physical separation-based) crosstalk reduction approaches. A CMUT transducer array structure was simulated in a two-dimensional (2-D) model using finite element analysis (FEA), and the crosstalk reduction method was tested for both small and large alternating current (AC) (ultrasonic) excitation conditions. A 25 dB crosstalk reduction was achieved for small AC excitation conditions in which approximately linear operation is encountered. When the AC excitation amplitude was large compared to the direct current (DC) bias, an "iterative harmonic cancellation" approach (also based on programmable waveform techniques) could be applied in combination with the crosstalk reduction method to minimize the inherently transmitted harmonics, and a similar crosstalk reduction effect of 25.5 dB was achieved. This method also can be combined with other structure-modification based crosstalk reduction approaches
A general class of association tests for family-based data using weight functions

Based on the symmetry of transmitted/nontransmitted alleles from heterozygous parents under the null hypothesis of no association, the work proposed here establishes a general statistical framework for constructing association tests with data from nuclear families with multiple affected children. A class of association tests is proposed for both diallelic and multiallelic markers. The proposed test statistics reduce to the transmission disequilibrium test for trios, to T(su) by Martin et al. ([1997] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61:439-448) for affected sib pairs, and to the pedigree disequilibrium test by Martin et al. ([2000] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:146-154); [2001] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:1065-1067) when using affected sibships only. The association test used in simulation and for real data (sitosterolemia) is the one which has the best overall power in detecting association. This association test is generally more powerful than the association tests proposed by Martin et al. ([2000] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:146-154); [2001] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:1065-1067) when using only affected sibships. For the sitosterolemia data set, the association test has its most significant result (P-value=0.0012) for the marker locus on the same bacterial artificial chromosome as the disease locus.
Who's Coming to My Party? Peer Talk as a Bridge to Oral Language Proficiency.

In this ethnographic study, I investigate heterogeneous-language peer interactions in an English-only kindergarten classroom. English Learners and English Proficient students co-created language necessary to build an argument, one discourse valued in schools. Students developed complex oral language proficiency skills but were viewed as engaging in chitchat. Implications include the need for teachers to listen to peer talk, which has potential for social, cognitive, and linguistic development necessary in which to bridge academic discourse. [English-language acquisition, special education, social development]
Psychology Degrees Employment, Wage, and Career Trajectory Consequences

Psychology is a very popular undergraduate major. Examining wage data from a range of degree holders reveals much about the expected career trajectories of those with psychology degrees. First, regarding baccalaureates, psychology and other liberal arts graduates-compared with those from certain preprofessional and technical undergraduate programs-generally fall in relatively low tiers of salary levels at both starting and later career points. Salary levels among baccalaureate alumni groups correlate with averaged measures of salary satisfaction, repeated job seeking, and perceptions of underemployment. These patterns seem to stem from the specific occupational categories (job titles) entered by graduates in psychology compared with other graduates, calling into question the employability advantage of so-called generic liberal arts skills. Second, psychology master's degree holders also generally fall in a low tier of salary among their science, engineering, and health counterparts. Third, psychology college faculty (including instructors) fall in low tiers of salary compared with their colleagues from other academic fields. Such broadly based indications of the relative economic disadvantages of psychology degrees have implications for career counseling in the field.