cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel mode of deoxyribonucleic acid recognition by thyroid hormone receptors: Thyroid hormone receptor β-isoforms can bind as trimers to natural response elements comprised of reiterated half-sites

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences, denoted thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). The accepted paradigm for TRs proposes that they bind as homo- or heterodimers to TREs comprised of two AGGTCA half-site sequences. In the prototypic TRE, these half-sites are arranged as direct repeats separated by a four-base spacer. This dimeric model of TR binding, derived from analysis of artificial DNA sequences, fails to explain why many natural TREs contain more than two half-sites. Therefore, we investigated the ability of different TR isoforms to bind to TREs possessing three or more half-sites. We report that the TRβ isoforms (TRβ0, TRβ1, TRβ2), but not TRα1, can bind to reiterated DNA elements, such as the rat GH-TRE, as complexes trimeric or greater in size. The TRβ0 isoform, in particular, formed homo- and heterotrimers (with the retinoid X receptor) with high efficiency and cooperativity, and TRβ0 preferentially used reporters containing these reit...
Parallel sorting on the NEC Cenju-3 and IBM SP2

The authors describe two well known parallel sorting algorithms, the bitonic mergesort and samplesort and analyze performance implications of different implementation strategies. Then they present performance measurements from two similar parallel computers, the NEC Cenju-3 and the IBM SP2, and provide an analysis of the behavior of the two algorithms and the two parallel computers from their results.
Fuzzy oscillometric blood pressure classification

Classification of systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure profiles using the oscillometric method is a difficult process. Generally, the algorithms aim at extracting some parameters such as height, and ratios of the pulses at certain pressure levels, which are obtained from the cuff pressure. These parameters can be used to form profiles to relate to blood pressures. The effectiveness of the classification depends on many factors, such as environmental noise, white coat effect, heart rate variability and motion artifacts. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a neuro-fuzzy approach to blood pressure classification. We employ feature extraction using principal component analysis, and fuzzy sets to classify pressure profiles.
Multilevel Modulation of a Sensory Motor Circuit during C. elegans Sleep and Arousal

Sleep is characterized by behavioral quiescence, homeostasis, increased arousal threshold, and rapid reversibility. Understanding how these properties are encoded by a neuronal circuit has been difficult, and no single molecular or neuronal pathway has been shown to be responsible for the regulation of sleep. Taking advantage of the well-mapped neuronal connections of Caenorhabditis elegans and the sleep-like states in this animal, we demonstrate the changed properties of both sensory neurons and downstream interneurons that mediate sleep and arousal. The ASH sensory neuron displays reduced sensitivity to stimuli in the sleep-like state, and the activity of the corresponding interneurons in ASH’s motor circuit becomes asynchronous. Restoration of interneuron synchrony is sufficient for arousal. The multilevel circuit depression revealed provides an elegant strategy to promote a robust decrease in arousal while allowing for rapid reversibility of the sleep state.
Work in progress — Engaging students in thermodynamics with Engineering Scenarios

This NSF CCLI Phase II project is focused on addressing improvements in student pedagogy and educational materials for the thermodynamics curriculum. The project intends to complete the development of the “Engineering Scenario” concept as a textbook supplement based on actual engineering facilities and real-world problems. The material is based on an expanded case study format and constructed in a web based format, allowing extensive integration of narrative, pictures, video, and web links to expand the background material. The Phase I project allowed for the development and testing of a single Scenario based on a local plant. Lessons learned from the previous assessment are guiding current development and expansion to include multiple facility types and locations for Phase II. This will be supplemented by input from student focus groups and readability test results. Assessment will occur at multiple institutions and will make use of engagement surveys, concept inventories, and student focus groups.
Factors affecting household-level environmental decision making: A three-country comparison of the determinants of household recycling

As urban scales and income-driven levels of consumption rise with “development,” waste generation expands, and urban ecosystems become ever more sensitive to local patterns of waste disposal. Local incineration and landfilling generate more urban ecosystem stresses than does recycling activity. Arguably, household-level decisions about materials demand and recycling effort levels are central to any society's private environmental decision making.
Improvement of long-term survival in extensive small-cell lung cancer.

The effect of adding the epipodophyllotoxin etoposide (VP-16-213) to a standard chemotherapy regimen for patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer was evaluated during a randomized trial. Chemotherapy consisted of vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) alone or with etoposide (EVAC). Of 139 patients enrolled, 136 patients were eligible for study and all but five were evaluable for response. The overall objective response was 46% in the VAC group v 70% in the etoposide-treated group (P = .008) with complete response (CR) rates of 12% v 29%, respectively (P = .030). Although the time to the observation of disease progression was significantly longer in the group of patients receiving etoposide (9.6 v 6.5 months, P = .010), overall survival was similar; this was probably due to administration of other agents including etoposide at the time of VAC failure. However, there were noteworthy differences in long-term (greater than or equal to 2 year) survival. Whereas only four (6%) patient...
Ontogenic retinal changes in three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes (Elopomorpha:Teleostei) correlate with light environment and behavior.

Unlike the mammalian retina, the teleost fish retina undergoes persistent neurogenesis from intrinsic stem cells. In marine teleosts, most cone photoreceptor genesis occurs early in the embryonic and larval stages, and rods are added primarily during and after metamorphosis. This study demonstrates a developmental paradigm in elopomorph fishes in which retinas are rod-dominated in larvae, but undergo periods of later cone genesis. Retinal characteristics were compared at different developmental stages among three ecologically distinct elopomorph fishes—ladyfish (Elops saurus), bonefish (Albula vulpes), and speckled worm eel (Myrophis punctatus). The objectives were to improve our understanding of (1) the developmental strategy in the elopomorph retina, (2) the functional architecture of the retina as it relates to ecology, and (3) how the light environment influences photoreceptor genesis. Photoreceptor morphologies, distributions, and spectral absorption were studied at larval, juvenile, and adult stages. Premetamorphic retinas in all three species are rod-dominated, but the retinas of these species undergo dramatic change over the course of development, resulting in juvenile and adult retinal characteristics that correlate closely with ecology. Adult E. saurus has high rod densities, grouped photoreceptors, a reflective tapetum, and longer-wavelength photopigments, supporting vision in turbid, low-light conditions. Adult A. vulpes has high cone densities, low rod densities, and shorter-wavelength photopigments, supporting diurnal vision in shallow, clear water. M. punctatus loses cones during metamorphosis, develops new cones after settlement, and maintains high rod but low cone densities, supporting primarily nocturnal vision. M. punctatus secondary cone genesis occurs rapidly throughout the retina, suggesting a novel mechanism of vertebrate photoreceptor genesis. Finally, in postsettlement M. punctatus, the continuous presence or absence of visible light modulates rod distribution but does not affect secondary cone genesis, suggesting some degree of developmental plasticity influenced by the light environment.
Evolution of implanted devices for urinary incontinence.

Prosthetic devices have been developed for management of severe urinary incontinence, which is usually not well treated with operations using host tissues. Early prostheses consisted of passive, compressive devices for the male bulbous urethra. In 1972, Scott and associates developed a hydraulic, artificial urinary sphincter (AS 721) which was implantable both in the male and female patient. Since then, design modifications hâve resulted in the AS 761, AS 742, AS 791, AS 792, and AS 800 models. The evolution of these devices is reviewed
Abstract A74: Glycated hemoglobin and cancer incidence and mortality in the Atherosclerosis in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1990–2006

Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for many cancers; chronic hyperglycemia is hypothesized to be, in part, explanatory. We evaluated the association between glycated hemoglobin, a time-integrated glycemia measure, and cancer incidence and mortality in non-diabetic and diabetic men and women. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 12,792 cancer-free participants attending the second visit (1990–1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We measured glycated hemoglobin in whole-blood samples using HPLC. Incident cancers were ascertained from registries and hospital records through 2006. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of cancer incidence and mortality for non-diabetic participants with values ≥5.7% (elevated), non-diabetic participants with Results: We ascertained 2,349 incident cancer cases and 887 cancer deaths. Compared with non-diabetic women with normal glycated hemoglobin, non-diabetic women with elevated values had an increased risk of cancer incidence (HR:1.24; 95% CI:1.07,1.44) and mortality (HR:1.58; 95% CI:1.23,2.05) as did diabetic women (incidence, HR:1.30; 95% CI:1.06,1.60, mortality, HR:1.96; 95% CI:1.40,2.76). Non-diabetic women with low values also had increased risk. Diabetic women with good glycemic control ( Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that chronic hyperglycemia, even in the non-diabetic range, increases cancer risk in women, but not men. Maintaining normal glycated hemoglobin overall, and good glycemic control among diabetic adults, may reduce the burden of cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A74.
An occurrence of the Ballot numbers in operator theory

(1991). An Occurrence of the Ballot Numbers in Operator Theory. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 98, No. 7, pp. 613-617.
Implementers and Innovators: The Many Roles of Community-Based Organizations in Public Lands Governance in the American West

There have been significant shifts in the roles that the state and markets play in the rural American West. The federal government, as owner and manager of over half of all western acreage, has seen its efficacy and legitimacy decline in the wake of policy changes mandating greater analysis, disclosure, consultation, and external review of decisions, combined with diminishing budgets and expanding obligations to respond to wildfires. Private timber firms have subsequently retreated from most rural, public lands-proximate communities in search of greater profitability and reliability of supply elsewhere. In many communities, novel civil society organizations have stepped into the breach to address losses in wealth, wellbeing, and access to natural resources. These community-based organizations (CBOs) have increasingly taken over tasks once performed by the state and private industry and they have attempted to transform and recreate outmoded institutions in the process. Unlike the state and private firm actors they replace, CBOs are centrally concerned with creating community benefits and reconciling the tensions between environmental sustainability, economic viability, and social equity. Yet in comparison to agencies and corporations, CBOs are tiny and operate with limited resources. This paper explores how CBOs employ nimble approaches and significant local and extra-local networks to garner resources and perform institutional work. It also explores the limits to these efforts, especially in the face of persistent institutional legacies.
Addressing value in surgical oncology: Why and how

Value, or outcome per cost, is increasingly emphasized in the current health care climate. With more sophisticated and expensive therapies available, treating a population with growing longevity, sustainability of current trends in health care spending is a significant challenge. And all too often, our devices and therapies are implemented without understanding the value that they offer; policy solutions for these issues are lagging. Certainly, cancer patients, in particular, are at the center of these value conundrums. A majority of patients with malignancy are elderly, with accumulated co-morbidities, and are disproportionately costly. To address these contemporary issues, we must first identify opportunities to maximize value through improved outcomes and/or decreased costs. Doing so in the setting of evolving delivery and payment models will provide providers, health systems and insurers an opportunity to flourish with demonstration of high quality, low cost care. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:263-267. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Political Economy of Exchange Rates in an Era of Global Production Chains

ABSTRACTScholars have long recognized that exchange-rate movements affect different actors within societies in different ways. However, increasingly complex global production chains add complications to longstanding theoretic models of exchange-rate politics. I argue that imported intermediate inputs condition firm preferences regarding the level and stability of exchange-rates and directly test these arguments using firm survey responses in a variety of countries. I employ multilevel models to evaluate how imported input profiles of firms interact with real effective exchange-rate movements to influence firm assessments of macroeconomic constraints. Higher dependence on imported inputs is linked to increased dissatisfaction with depreciating currencies, contingent on various firm and country characteristics. The results highlight the multiple channels through which exchange-rate movements can now affect exporters, nonexporters, and nontradables.
Object placement for cooperative caches with bandwidth constraints

The projected growth in video traffic delivered to mobile devices is expected to stress the backhaul and core of a broadband wireless network. Caches deployed at the edge elements, such as base stations, are one of alleviating this stress. Limits on the sizes of the base station caches and restrictions on frequent upgrades to the hardware necessitate that techniques that can increase the hit rates with the growing traffic, given the constraints, be explored. In this paper, we consider using cooperative caching schemes for the purpose. The edge elements are connected via bandwidth-constrained links, and hence, the assumption made in most prior work that the cooperating nodes are located on a high-speed network do not apply here. We show that the problem of placing objects to maximize hit rate in such a bandwidth-constrained caching system is NP-hard in the strong sense. We develop an efficient placement algorithm when the caches have identical characteristics and show that its performance is within a constant factor of the optimal under practical conditions. We also discuss how to extend the algorithm for the non-identical case. Our simulation experiments show that in practice, the performance of our algorithm is very close to the optimal and a few tens of cooperating nodes are sufficient to significantly increase the hit rate even with a 1% base cache size.
Symbols with limited smoothness

Here we establish some very general facts about symbols p(x,ξ) with limited smoothness in x. We prove some operator bounds on D) when p(x, D) when p(x,ξ) is homogeneous in ξ.
The Experiential Learning for Veterans in Assistive Technology and Engineering (ELeVATE) program

Experiential Learning for Veterans in Assistive Technology and Engineering, or ELeVATE, is a program to assist wounded, injured, and ill Veterans in transitioning into university science, technology, engineering, and mathematics programs, with a special emphasis on assistive technology and engineering. This paper examines whether the ELeVATE model, by addressing academic preparation, professional development, rehabilitation counselling, and community reintegration, increases the academic success (defined as enrolling and excelling in a plan of study through a post-secondary institution) of transitioning Veterans with disabilities. Post-program surveys completed by seven participants indicated that they were satisfied with the efficacy of the program. Students rated the research paper and oral presentation of research, the networking seminar, and the resume writing workshop as “very helpful.” They found the group meetings with the vocational coordinator, the introduction to adaptive sports seminar, and the...
Is Border Enforcement Effective? What We Know and What it Means:

For too long, the policy debate over border enforcement has been split between those who believe the border can be sealed against illegal entry by force alone, and those who believe that any effort...
Clinical characterization of DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D) in endometrial cancer (EC).

1522Background: MMR-D, characterized by loss of protein expression of MMR protein(s) (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) occurs in 20-25% of ECs & serves as a screening test for ...
In situ measurements of emulsion application rates

The emulsion application rate (EAR) is critical to the performance of tack coats and surface treatments. Current quality assurance and quality control measures for EARs are limited and fail to consider in situ measurements. This study evaluates in situ measures to address transverse and longitudinal variability in applied EARs and pavement emulsion absorption using field experiments. Results demonstrate that the Tack Lifter can be used effectively to measure pavement emulsion absorption rates and to capture longitudinal variability in the applied EAR. The Tack Lifter is a simple, weighted device that is placed on a super-absorbent sheet which absorbs emulsion applied to a pavement or plate. When applied directly to a pavement, the device measures the effective EAR on the pavement, neglecting emulsions absorbed into the paving surface. When applied to a plate placed on the pavement prior to emulsion application, the device measures the total applied EAR. Results indicate emulsion absorption should ...
A molecular roadmap for midostaurin in mastocytosis.

In this issue of Blood , Jawhar and colleagues describe the results of quantitative KIT D816V allele burden testing and next-generation sequencing of a panel of myeloid genes to characterize molecular correlates of response and progression on midostaurin therapy in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis. 1
Wind Power Turbine System

The wind power turbines, with horizontal or vertical axis types, are technical equipment that convert wind kinetic energy to mechanical energy used to generate electricity. The applications range from residential appliance battery charge using small wind power turbines to commercial electricity production using large wind power turbine system. Wind power turbines are developed not only to utilize the green wind energy for different energy enterprises but also to protect environment from air pollution. Computer-aided aerodynamic modeling and analysis can be applied to define the height of wind power turbine system, determine turbine blade geometry, specify turbine control system, and choose the number of turbine blades. The major turbine components include rotor with blades installed to change wind kinetic energy to slowly rotated mechanical energy, electrical generator with drive gearbox and electronics controller to change from slow-inlet shaft rotation to high-outlet shaft rotation for electricity generation, and all structural components to support wind power turbine system.
Sexual Revictimization Among College Women: A Review Through an Ecological Lens

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews factors at the individual, microsystem, meso/exosystem, and macrosystem levels that contribute to sexual revictimization among college women. Potential implications for reducing sexual revictimization on campuses via multilevel targeting of interventions is then discussed. This review reveals that despite a need for additional work examining the influence of multiple interacting factors contributing to revictimization, extant work offers insights as to how colleges can develop comprehensive programs to reduce sexual revictimization. Such programming would not only improve institutional responses to sexual violence, but also serve as a model for reducing general cultural acceptance of the perpetration of sexual assault.
Using Empirical Data to Quantify Port Resilience: Hurricane Matthew and the Southeastern Seaboard

AbstractThe economic significance of the U.S. Marine Transportation System (MTS) generates a need to understand the resilience of the MTS. Resilience is defined herein as a system’s ability maintai...
Sternocleidomastoid Encephalomyosynangiosis for Treatment-Resistant Moyamoya Disease.

Background and importance Refractory ischemic symptoms in moyamoya disease are a challenging problem, particularly in situations in which multiple direct and indirect revascularization techniques have already been employed. In addition, revascularization of the parietal lobes is difficult, as this area is a watershed between the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery distributions. Clinical presentation This is the case of a 50-yr-old woman with hemibody sensorimotor deficits, who had previously undergone bilateral arterial bypass and temporalis myosynangiosis. A method for indirect surgical cerebral revascularization is described, utilizing a rotated and tunneled sternocleidomastoid flap. The perfused muscle is approximated to the cortical surface, with adjacent sulci dissected to expose the underlying vasculature. After sternocleidomastoid encephalomyosynangiosis, the patient experienced symptomatic improvement, along with the appearance of new pial collateral vasculature on diagnostic cerebral angiography. Pre- and postoperative dynamic perfusion computed tomography with acetazolamide challenge demonstrate an increase in cerebral blood flow and decrease in mean transit time, as well as improved cerebrovascular reserve. Conclusion Sternocleidomastoid encephalomyosynangiosis using a tunneled muscle flap is a useful method for revascularization of the parietal and occipital lobes, particularly for refractory moyamoya in cases where a variety of other options have been exhausted.
STAT!ref platform

STAT!Ref is a versatile e-resources platform that offers customized collections and standard features not seen in similar e-book vendor collections. The platform sets itself apart with its propriet...
Uncertainty Characterization of Silicon Damage Metrics

A general formulation of silicon damage metrics and associated energy-dependent response functions relevant to the radiation effects community is provided. Using this formulation, a rigorous quantitative treatment of the energy-dependent uncertainty contributors is performed. This resulted in the generation of a covariance matrix for the displacement kerma, the Norgett–Robinson–Torrens-based damage energy, and the 1-MeV(Si)-equivalent damage function. When a careful methodology is used to apply a reference 1-MeV damage value, the systematic uncertainty in the fast fission region is seen to be removed, and the uncertainty for integral metrics in broad-based fission-based neutron fields is demonstrated to be significantly reduced.
Impact of Consulting Firms Going Public on Prestige Perceptions: An Institutional Perspective

This study examines implications associated with the changing dynamics of the consulting industry where there the number of publicly-traded firms is increasing in contrast to the traditional partne...
Incision & drainage of perianal sepsis in the immunocompromised: A need for heightened postoperative awareness.

Abstract Background Incision and drainage of perianal sepsis has appreciable success in the immunocompetent population, but outcomes after incision and drainage in the immunosuppressed population are unknown. Methods 13,666 patients (n = 930 immunosuppressed) undergoing incision and drainage of perianal sepsis between 2011 and 2015 in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were identified. The main outcomes were major morbidity, return to the operating room, and mortality. Multivariable analysis was performed for each outcome. Results Sepsis was the most common postoperative complication. Preoperative immunosuppression was an independent risk factor for major morbidity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.6, p Conclusions Immunosuppression is an independent risk factor for major morbidity, return to the operating room, and mortality. With post-operative sepsis the most common complication, inpatient admission and extended duration antibiotic therapy is warranted in immunosuppressed patients.
Data transformations for variance stabilization in the statistical assessment of quantitative imaging biomarkers

Variance stabilization is an important step in statistical assessment of quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) to meet the equal variances requirements across different subgroups for many statistical tests. The objective of this study is to compare the commonly used Log transformation to the Box-Cox transformation for variance stabilization in the context of the assessment of a computed tomography (CT) lung nodule volume estimation QIB. Our investigation included the following: (1) We developed a model characterizing repeated measurements typically observed in CT lung nodule volume estimation. Given the model, we derived the parameter of the Box-Cox transformation that stabilizes the variance of the volume measurements across lung nodules. (2) We validated our approach using simulation data and examined factors that impact the performance of the transformations by comparing it to the standard Log transformation. The coefficient of variation for the standard deviation (CVstd) was used as the metric for quantifying the performance of transformations, with smaller CVstd indicating better variance stabilization. Results showed for both transformations, CVstd decreased with larger number of repeated measurements. For all simulated datasets, the Box-Cox transformation yielded smaller CVstd than the Log transformation. This suggests the Box-Cox transformation has better performance in variance stabilization for the estimation of lung nodule volume from CT data and can be a practical alternative for improved variance stabilization in the assessment of some types of QIBs. We are generating a guideline for determining when the Box-Cox might be a viable option to the Log transformation within a QIB assessment framework.
The Technological Singularity and the Tragic View of Life

This paper considers the dialogue about the prospect of a technological Singularity as described by writers like Vernor Vinge and Raymond Kurzweil, and the deeply rooted cultural pessimism about the prospects for such fundamental emancipation of humanity not usually acknowledged in such discussions, which "Singularitarians" must be prepared to directly contend.
Tranexamic Acid for Melasma: Evaluating the Various Formulations

Melasma is a common dermatological condition that can be notoriously difficult to treat. Topical bleaching agents and strict photoprotection, in addition to adjuvant treatment modalities, such as chemical peels and laser treatments, have been shown to provide only minimal improvements in the condition. Recently, tranexamic acid has shown promise. Topical, intradermal, and oral formulations of tranexamic acid have been studied, with oral formulations demonstrating the greatest, albeit temporary, improvement. In this brief review, we discuss the different formulations of tranexamic acid for melasma and offer suggestions for future directions of research.
Does Affirmative Action Worsen Bureaucratic Performance? Evidence from the Indian Administrative Service

Although many countries recruit bureaucrats using affirmative action, the effect of affirmative action recruits on bureaucratic performance has rarely been examined. Some worry that affirmative action worsens bureaucratic performance by diminishing the quality of recruits, whereas others posit that it improves performance by making recruits more representative of and responsive to the population. We test for these possibilities using unusually detailed data on the recruitment, background, and careers of India's elite bureaucracy. We examine the effect of affirmative action hires on district‐level implementation of MGNREGA, the world's largest anti‐poverty program. The data suggest that disadvantaged group members recruited via affirmative action perform no worse than others.
Early growth outcomes in very low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or fetal growth restriction.

To assess the growth outcomes at 18 months corrected age in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants compared to standardized norms, and in VLBW infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or fetal growth restriction (FGR). In all, 1149 VLBW infants completed anthropometrics at 18 months corrected age. To derive weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) percentiles and z-scores at 18 months, we used the SAS macro from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). z-scores for a child’s sex and age are based on the World Health Organization’s growth charts for children <24 months of age. Female and male VLBW infants had higher body-mass-index (BMI)-for-age z-scores compared to normative data (0.82 and 1.77 respectively). No significant difference was found in BMI-for-age z-scores in BPD and non-BPD (1.76 vs. 2.3; p = 0.4), nor in FGR and non-FGR (1.24 vs. 2.16; p = 0.2). At 18 months corrected age, VLBW infants, including those with BPD or FGR, had BMI-for-age z-scores higher than reference standards. No significant difference was seen comparing BMI-for-age z-scores in the BPD/non-BPD and FGR/non-FGR groups.
Prototyping a Mental Health Smartphone Application

Mental illness among young people has reached epidemic proportions. One solution proposed for addressing this issue is increasing their mental health literacy, which research has found to be negatively correlated with the chance of developing a mental illness. This study suggests that a smartphone app may be the best medium for raising the mental health literacy of young people. Most young people own smartphones, which have the technology to utilize both traditional and unique techniques for delivering information on mental illness. To explore the potential of a mental health literacy app, a literature review on existing mental health apps was conducted. In addition, 15 young adults equally divided into 3 focus groups were asked to discuss their knowledge of and opinions on mental health, technology design, mental health apps, and what they would theoretically like to see in a mental health literacy app. The results found a varied level of knowledge about mental health among the participants. In addition, participants offered several guiding principles for the development of mental health apps, such as suggesting they focus on providing users information, not a diagnosis. Further the results offer guidelines on the design of a mental health literacy app, the likely support it would receive from young people, and its necessity for this demographic.
Impaired renal hemodynamics and glomerular hyperfiltration contribute to hypertension-induced renal injury

Recently, we reported a mutation in γ-adducin (ADD3) was associated with an impaired myogenic response of the afferent arteriole and hypertension-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in fawn hooded...
Teachers’ Noticing of Students’ Slope Statements: Attending and Interpreting

In this study, we investigate a sample of in-service teachers’ professional noticing of slope. The analysis focuses on which elements of students’ statements about slope teachers attend to, and how teachers interpreted those elements. Study results suggest that teachers attended to the vocabulary and mathematical focus of students’ statements. Teachers’ interpretations were, for the most part, rather consistent across teachers and in line with the researchers’ anticipations for elicited slope components. In fact, even for vague student statements expected to elicit a variety of interpretations by teachers, there was a noted lack of diversity in teachers’ interpretations. Results for teachers’ interpretations suggest they place great academic value on nonvisual slope reasoning and attribute the ability to solve real-world problems to students who used “rate of change” terminology. Other real-world interpretations of slope were interpreted as disconnected from the mathematical meaning of slope or only trivially linked to contextual situations. Findings from this study imply that teachers should be provided with professional development opportunities involving slope. Specifically, teachers need experiences interacting with tasks that build robust notions of steepness through explicit connections to a variety of physical contexts by allowing students to develop imagery and mathematical terminology in rich and meaningful ways. In addition, professional development should help uncover the meaning behind students’ vocabulary rather than having them focus on buzz words and catch phrases, which may be used without understanding.
Automatisierte Analyse der Koloniebildung

The colony formation assay evaluates the proliferative capacity of a single cell. For applications such as cancer drug screening, it is important to distinguish cells that retain this proliferative capacity from those that do not. Conventional analysis of this assay involves scoring and quantifying colonies in each well of a multi-well format manually by eye, limiting its throughput capabilities. We present an automated method for conducting and analyzing the colony formation assay in both a 6-well and 96-well microplate using the upright color brightfield imaging with a wide field of view.
‘The Production and Maintenance of Health in Body and Mind’: Educational Physical Culture in Pre-Independence Ireland

This chapter explores educational physical culture in Ireland in the pre-independence period. Where previous studies of physical education have often looked at key moments or legislation, this chapter marks the first effort to situate Irish physical education within a broader European framework which also speaks to Irish recreational and military histories. This is done with reference to the first established system of physical education in Ireland in the early nineteenth-century as well as more formalised efforts in the early 1900s. In all, materials are taken from politicians, nationalists, teachers and physicians to highlight the role of the body in Irish adolescence.
Intimate Partner Violence in the LGBTQ+ Community: Experiences, Outcomes, and Implications for Primary Care

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender (LGBTQ+) minorities experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at higher rates than heterosexual and/or cisgender people. Providers often are less prepared to work with LGBTQ+ survivors, which can be the result of a reliance on stereotypes on what constitutes an IPV victim. This article provides recommendations for working with LGBTQ+ survivors, including screening for IPV regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity, participating in LGBTQ+-affirming trainings regarding IPV, and creating a welcoming and inclusive space that promotes LGBTQ+ survivors' comfort in disclosing IPV.
Chronic High Risk Prescription Opioid Use Among Persons With HIV.

Persons with HIV (PWH) are a population at risk for adverse sequelae of opioid use. Yet, few studies have examined correlates of chronic high risk opioid use and its impact on HIV outcomes. Trends in prescribing patterns and identification of factors that impact the use of opioid prescriptions among PWH are crucial to determine prevention and treatment interventions. This study examined electronic medical records (EMR) of patients receiving HIV care to characterize prescribing patterns and identify risk factors for chronic high risk prescription opioid use and the impact on HIV outcomes among PWH in primary care from July 1, 2016 – December 31, 2017. EMR were analyzed from 8,882 patients who were predominantly male and ethnically and racially diverse with half being 50 years of age or older. The majority of the 8,744 prescriptions (98% oral and 2% transdermal preparations) given to 1,040 (12%) patients were oxycodone (71%), 8% were morphine, 7% tramadol, 4% hydrocodone, 4% codeine, 2% fentanyl, and 4% were other opioids. The number of monthly prescriptions decreased about 14% during the study period. Bivariate analyses indicated that most demographic and clinical variables were associated with receipt of any opioid prescription. After controlling for patient socio-demographic characteristics and clinical factors, the odds of receipt of any prescription were higher among patients with pain diagnoses and opioid use and mental health disorders. In addition, the odds of receipt of high average daily morphine equivalent dose (MED) prescriptions were higher for patients with pain diagnoses. Lastly, patients with substance use disorders (SUD) had an increased likelihood of detectable viral load compared to patients with no SUD, after adjusting for known covariates. Our findings show that despite opioid prescribing guidelines and monitoring systems, additional efforts are needed to support patients in HIV care with integrated services to treat comorbid conditions, including pain-related, mental health and substance use disorders. Evidence about the risk for chronic high risk use based on prescribing patterns could better inform pain management and opioid prescribing practices for patients receiving HIV care.
Clinical Outcomes in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Other Targeted Therapies Based on Tumor Versus Plasma Genomic Profiling.

PURPOSETo compare clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with targetable genomic alterations detected using plasma-based circulating tumor DNA (c...
The role of PI3'-lipid signalling in melanoma initiation, progression and maintenance

Phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' hydroxyl (OH) of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositides (PI). Through their downstream effectors, PI3K generated lipids (PI3K-lipids hereafter) such as PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 regulate myriad biochemical and biological processes in both normal and cancer cells including responses to growth hormones and cytokines; the cell division cycle; cell death; cellular growth; angiogenesis; membrane dynamics; and autophagy and many aspects of cellular metabolism. Engagement of receptor tyrosine kinase by their cognate ligands leads to activation of members of the Class I family of PI3'-kinases (PI3Kα, β, δ & γ) leading to accumulation of PI3K-lipids. Importantly, PI3K-lipid accumulation is antagonized by the hydrolytic action of a number of PI3K-lipid phosphatases, most notably the melanoma suppressor PTEN (lipid phosphatase and tensin homologue). Downstream of PI3K-lipid production, the protein kinases AKT1-3 are believed to be key effectors of PI3'-kinase signalling in cells. Indeed, in preclinical models, activation of the PI3K→AKT signalling axis cooperates with alterations such as expression of the BRAFV600E oncoprotein kinase to promote melanoma progression and metastasis. In this review, we describe the different classes of PI3K-lipid effectors, and how they may promote melanomagenesis, influence the tumour microenvironment, melanoma maintenance and progression to metastatic disease. We also provide an update on both FDA-approved or experimental inhibitors of the PI3K→AKT pathway that are currently being evaluated for the treatment of melanoma either in preclinical models or in clinical trials.
Everybody Lives Near Appalachia: Examining "Hillbilly Elegy"’s Impact on American Society

Hillbilly Elegy has had a profound impact on contemporary views and opinions of Appalachia. In this review, the authors discuss this impact and provide key critiques that help readers make sense of the generalizations made in the book by placing Hillbilly Elegy in conversation with other contemporary Appalachian scholarship. The authors conclude that J. D. Vance has a right to tell his story but telling the story of the Appalachian people is more complex and nuanced than Vance acknowledges, and the authors caution readers to consider this when reading Hillbilly Elegy.
Multiple Inelastic Electron Scattering

Multiple inelastic electron scattering is significant if the crystal is thick. Contributions from high-order scattering are compatible with that from single scattering if d/Λ > 1, where d is specimen thickness and Λ is the inelastic electron scattering mean free path length. There are three types of multiple scattering processes. One is plural scattering of the electron by the same inelastic event, such as multiple plasmon excitation. The second type is consecutive multiple electron inelastic scattering by two or more different inelastic events, such as thermal diffuse scattering and valence loss scattering. The third is simultaneous excitation by two or more inelastic events in a single scattering process, such as double-plasmon excitation (Spence and Spargo, 1971; Ashley and Ritchie, 1970), in which two plasmons are created during a single inelastic scattering process. The first two process types are called multiple inelastic scattering, in which inelastic excitations are defined to occur consecutively. The third type is a multiinelastic scattering process, in which inelastic excitations occur simultaneously during interaction with the same atom (for localized scattering only).
Mobility and Extensibility in the StratOSphere Framework

We describe the design and implementation of our StratOSphere project, a framework which unifies distributed objects and mobile code applications. We begin by first examining different mobile code paradigms that distribute processing of code and data resource components across a network. After analyzing these paradigms, and presenting a lattice of functionality, we then develop a layered architecture for StratOSphere, incorporating higher levels of mobility and interoperability at each successive layer. In our design, we provide an object model that permits objects to migrate to different sites, select among different method implementations, and provide new methods and behavior. We describe how we build new semantics in each software layer, and present sample objects developed for the Alexandria Digital Library Project at UC Santa Barbara, which as been building an information retrieval system for geographically-referenced information and datasets. We have designed using StratOSphere a repository that stores its holdings. The library‘s map, image and geographical data are viewed as a collection of objects with extensible operations. StratOSphere.
Carbonic Anhydrases (α‐Class)

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of bicarbonate: , a process that has physiological importance in respiration, acid–base homeostasis, photosynthesis, and biosynthetic pathways. The α-class of CA (and the CA domains in more complex isoforms) is monomeric with a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa. At present, 14 isoforms of the α-class are known with varying tissue distributions and catalytic activity. The catalytic turnover number of CAs varies from the maximal rate of 106 s−1 for isozyme II to 103 s−1 for isozyme III. The central structural motif of the α-CAs can be described as a 10-stranded twisted β-sheet, which is flanked by seven α-helices. The active-site cavity consists of a single zinc ion tetrahedrally coordinated by three histidine residues (His94, 96, and 119) and a bound water molecule. In most of the α-CAs, the resultant proton formed by the dehydration reaction of bicarbonate is transferred to bulk solution through the formation of a proton wire, mediated by residue His64, that lies at the mouth of the active site. Known inhibitors of CAs have been shown to bind to the metal ion and displace the zinc-bound water, whereas activators have been shown to bind at the entrance of the active site and mimic the characteristics of the proton-shuttling residue His64. 3D Structure Keywords: carbonic anhydrase; zinc metalloenzyme; enzyme structure; proton shuttling; proton wire; dehydration of bicarbonate; hydration of carbon dioxide
Wideband Radar Polarimetry: Low Frequency Sounding - to - Optical Imaging, an Indispensable Tool in `Planetary Environmental Defense'

A succinct overview of basic events in the development of 7olarimetry - low frequency to' optical regimes - is followed by a succinct summary of the basic .underlying principles of 'Direct -and Inverse Methods in Polarimetry', including some pertinent examples. A critical assessment of solved and unresolved prob- ' lems is followed with a listing of recent workshops , providing the incentives for planning and executing a series of coordinated international meetings such as the one-day Special Workshop on 'Wideband Imaging and Sensing Polarimetry: WISP', following this 92 APMC event on 1992 August 14.
The Linear Combination of Logistic and Gumbel Random Variables

The exact distribution of the linear combination αX + βY is derived when X and Y are independent logistic and Gumbel random variables. A measure of entropy of the linear combination is investigated. Computer programs are provided for generating tabulations of the percentage points associated with the linear combination. The work is motivated by problems in automation, control, fuzzy sets, neurocomputing and other areas of computer science.
The Role of Environmental Exposures in the Etiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging clinicopathologic entity defined by abnormal esophageal eosinophilic infiltration. Management of this disease is hampered by limited understanding of etiologic and controllable risk factors. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the environmental risk factors for EoE. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from January 1, 1950, through June 30, 2015. To identify additional relevant studies, we hand searched bibliographies of included articles. We limited the review to articles using human subjects and consisting of case reports, case series, cross-sectional and cohort studies, and clinical trials. Nineteen articles discuss the risk of environmental exposures on EoE and indicate that environment plays a large role in the etiology of EoE. Seasonal, geographic, and climate-based differences in disease prevalence have been reported, but the exact mediators of this process, possibly aeroallergens that vary over time and from place to place, remain elusive.