cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P208: N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (acsdkp) Reduces High Salt- induced Hypertension and Kidney Damage in Obesity

Introduction: Obesity increases the risk of salt sensitive hypertension and kidney damage. AcSDKP is a natural tetrapeptide with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties but its effect on obesity-related salt sensitive hypertension and renal damage is unknown. Hypothesis: AcSDKP prevents high-sodium diet (HSD) induced hypertension and kidney damage in obese rats. Methods: Eight-week-old Zucker obese rats (ZOR) and Zucker lean rats (ZLR) were treated with AcSDKP (1.6 mg/kg/day infused via osmotic minipumps) while maintained on either normal-sodium diet (NSD; 0.4%) or high-sodium diet (HSD; 4%) for 8 wk. Rats were divided into following six groups: ZOR+vehicle, ZOR+HSD, ZOR+HSD+AcSDKP, ZLR+vehicle, ZLR+ HSD, and ZLR+HSD+AcSDKP. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail cuff method. 24-hour urine collection was done to measure albuminuria as a marker of renal damage. Renal fibrosis (collagen content in the kidney) was measured by hydroxyproline assay. Medullary and cortical interstitial fibrosis was measured by picrosirius red staining. Results: are summarized in Table 1. HSD increased SBP in ZOR but not in ZLR. AcSDKP treatment prevented HSD induced increase in BP in ZOR. HSD increased renal collagen content both in ZOR and ZLR and AcSDKP treatment decreased it. Increased interstitial fibrosis induced by high salt diet was confirmed by PSR staining in both cortical and medullary region and AcSDKP prevented this increase. Albuminuria in ZOR was significantly higher than ZLR, however neither high salt nor AcSDKP treatment was unable to normalize it. Conclusion: Chronic treatment with AcSDKP prevents high salt-induced hypertension and renal fibrosis in ZOR.
Optimizing Location-Based Mobile Advertising Using Predictive Analytics

This exploratory field research examined the effectiveness of using predictive analytics to optimize mobile location-based ads by measuring the click-through rates from small-radius “micro” geofenc...
When the corporation investigates itself

The internal corporate investigation has become an integral component of the corporate compliance function. Corporations invest considerable resources in identifying and explaining wrongdoing, and government prosecutors and regulators rely heavily on these information-generating activities. This Chapter argues that the corporate investigation’s greatest challenges stem from the familiar problem of detection avoidance. As employees take steps to conceal their misbehavior, corporate actors must navigate a difficult relationship between government enforcers on the one hand, and corporate employees on the other. Mediating these relationships would be difficult enough under any circumstance, but a vexatious deficiency of trust between corporate actors and government enforcers causes corporate actors to cling ever more intently to legal doctrines such as the corporate attorney-client privilege, while simultaneously conducting more intensive, intrusive and expensive investigations. The Chapter concludes by noting two developments: the Department of Justice’s latest attempt to secure cooperation from corporate defendants in identifying culpable employees (the so-called “Yates Memo”), and the increasing emphasis on workplace privacy. These two developments will place even greater pressure on the corporate investigator as she attempts to reassure the corporation’s employees and regulators that each side can in fact trust the corporation to investigate itself thoroughly yet fairly.
151 Chronic musculoskeletal pain: connecting the dots

4Chronic musculoskeletal pain is the disorder of our decade, and frustrating for both the patient as well as the healthcare practitioner. A cause for this frustration is an inability to understand the inter-relationships between the different bodily systems involved. An understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain will allow for development of a comprehensive and effective treatment plan. In this presentation, a case study will elucidate the ‘pieces of the puzzle’ in a chronic musculoskeletal injury. The symptoms will be related to the pathophysiology and the effectiveness of a logical conservative and comprehensive treatment plan will be demonstrated. Application of this protocol to the general chronic pain population will be discussed.
Relationship of Cervical Sagittal Vertical Alignment After Sagittal Balance Correction in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Retrospective Radiographic Study.

ABSTRACT Study Design Retrospective radiographic study. Purpose Predict the variability of the center of gravity of head (COG) relative to the global cervical sagittal alignment (SVA). Background Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic incidence are considered interrelated, with changes in SVA causing reciprocal changes to bring the head over pelvis. The implications of cervical deformities have generated more interest recently, and it has been shown that poor cervical alignment is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Methods Patients were selected from the imaging server of a single institution with adult spinal deformity (ASD) and SVA, who underwent surgical correction from 2008 to 2013. Three observers performed the measurements, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was measured for inter and intraobserver reliability. Group 1 was patients with unbalanced spines (C7-SVA > 5 cm) preoperatively and corrected to full balanced spine (C7-SVA Results Fifty-five patients met the inclusion criteria, 42 patients improved in SVA after surgery, and 13 showed no improvement. Twenty-three patients kept full balanced measurements until last follow-up, and 19 patients maintained not-full balanced spine. In group 1, there was no change in pre and postoperative parameters except for C2-CL (21.74° vs 16.91°, P = .033). It was similar in group 2, no differences except for C2-CL (21.67° vs 17.81°, P = .018). Conclusion Parameters in this study failed to yield predictable relationships when compared to changes in SVA. The position of COG may be independent of global SVA. Clinical Relevance This study aims to improve our understanding of the dynamic changes and relationships of the regional and global spinal parameters with regard to spinal deformity corrective surgeries in adults. Level of Evidence III.
Petroleum Generation, Extraction and Migration and Abiogenic Synthesis in Hydrothermal Systems

Hydrothermal systems are associated with tectonic spreading centers and the organic matter alterations and secondary processes occurring there are rapid and efficient. In marine hydrothermal systems at water depths >1.5 km, the conditions driving chemical reactions are high temperatures (~60 to >400 °C), confining pressures (>150 bar), and other parameters such as pH, Eh and mineralogy in an aqueous open flow medium. Continental hydrothermal systems are also of interest as for example in active, failed or dormant rifts and in regions around piercement volcanoes and calderas. Organic matter alteration by reductive reactions to petroleum hydrocarbons proceeds generally from immature organic matter (also from entrained viable biota) instantaneously or over a brief geological time span (decades to millenia). The products are rapidly moved in fluids or as bulk phase from the regions at higher temperatures to areas at lower temperatures, where the higher molecular weight material accumulates. These conditions are conducive to organic chemistry which yields concurrent products primarily from reduction (due to mineral buffering), to a lesser extent from oxidation (high thermal stress) and traces from synthesis reactions. The behavior of organic matter (inclusive of methane to high molecular weight compounds >C40 and macromolecular organic matter, i.e. kerogen) in warm to supercritical water continues to be reported in new geographic locales, providing data for this novel geological phenomenon. Hydrothermal systems have also been proposed as possible sites for the origin of life on Earth. Because no modern-day terrestrial hydrothermal system is free from the influence of organic compounds derived from biologic processes, laboratory experiments provide the best opportunity for confirmation of the potential for organic synthesis in hydrothermal systems. Lipid compounds form easily by thermocatalytic synthesis from aqueous solutions of formic acid or oxalic acid which thermally disproportionate to H2, CO2, CO and H2O. Optimum synthesis occurs in stainless steel vessels by heating at 175–250 °C for 2 days and produces lipids ranging from C2 to >C35 which consist mainly of n-alkanols, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkyl formates, methyl alkanoates, n-alkanones, n-alkanes, n-alkenes and n-alkanals. Both reagent solutions yield the same lipid classes with essentially the same ranges of compounds.
Regulation of airway surface liquid volume by human airway epithelia

Mucus clearance on airway surfaces is a primary form of pulmonary defense. The efficiency of mucus clearance in large part depends on the volume of the airway surface liquid components, including both the periciliary liquid (PCL) layer and the mucus layer. Studies with in vitro model systems suggest that the mucus layer acts as a passive reservoir to redistribute water to and from, as needed, the PCL layer. In contrast, the overall volume of airway surface liquid is determined by active transepithelial salt transport. Data from in vitro systems suggest that airway epithelia have the capacity to both absorb and secrete liquid in response to the volume requirements on the apical surface. At present, the nature of the signals that transmit information about airway surface liquid volume to epithelia and their sensors are unknown. However, progress in elucidation of this system is important, because it appears that these systems are deranged in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, which is characterized by airway surface liquid volume depletion, mucus stasis, and chronic infection. Thus, insights into these systems may offer novel therapeutic opportunities to correct this physiologic dysfunction of airway epithelia.
Lateral load behavior of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls

Publisher Summary This chapter investigates the experimentally and analytically observed lateral load behavior of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls. Each wall is comprised of six one-storey precast panels that are connected along horizontal joints using unbonded post-tensioned steel, which is anchored at the roof and within the foundation. The bottom panel has regions that are confined and this confinement enables the base panel to sustain the large compressive strains that develop as a result of gap opening displacements that develop along the base of the wall due to lateral loads. The limit states characterizing the lateral load behavior occur as anticipated in the design of the walls and at force and drift levels predicted by the analytical model, except that the experimentally observed drift capacity significantly exceeds the drift capacity predicted by the analytical model. The results demonstrate that unbonded post-tensioned precast walls can be designed to undergo significant nonlinear lateral drift without significant damage, and to retain their ability to self-center, thereby eliminating residual lateral drift. The cyclic lateral load behavior of the walls is nearly nonlinear elastic, with only a small amount of energy dissipation per cycle of loading. As a result, larger lateral drifts can be expected under earthquake loading. However dynamic analysis results show that these walls can be designed to avoid sustaining excessive drift under moderate-to-severe earthquakes.
Transcription and RNA stability are important determinants of higher plant chloroplast RNA levels.

Abstract Transcription in lysed barley plastids and Northern slot blot analyses were used to determine the relationship between changes in RNA levels and transcription during plastid development. Transcription in plastids of 4.5–9-day-old dark-grown or illuminated barley seedlings declined up to 10-fold as a function of plant age. Decreased transcription of some plastid genes (rbcL, psaA-psaB) was paralleled by decreased levels of mRNA. In other cases (16SrDNA, psbA) the changes in transcription were not followed by proportional changes in RNA levels indicating that RNA stability is important in establishing the amount of plastid RNA for these genes. Further analysis showed that transcription of the plastid rRNA transcription unit is regulated differently than the transcription of protein coding genes such as psbA or rbcL.
The developmental landscape of early parent-focused language intervention

Abstract This essay stresses the importance of infusing a developmental perspective into the design, implementation, and evaluation of parent-focused language interventions to promote young children’s language success. Guided by Waddington’s (1957) heuristic image of the “epigenetic landscape” and drawing on empirical research, we propose eight premises about early language development and illustrate how each premise might inform interventions. Three premises address the developmental pathways to language; two highlight the essential role of the environment. The final three premises focus on the child and parent as the essential developmental unit and on the collaborative, transactional, developmental processes that facilitate language acquisition. These premises suggest that intervention should begin well before first words, address the social foundations of language, and support parents in their unique role as they directly and indirectly immerse children in the developmental landscape of language intervention.
Predicting the costs of war

The expected cost of war is a foundational concept in the study of international conflict. However, the field currently lacks a measure of the expected costs of war, and thereby any measure of the ...
Corneal crosslinking and intracorneal ring segments for keratoconus: A randomized study of concurrent versus sequential surgery

Purpose To assess outcomes of corneal crosslinking (CXL) and intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) (Intacs) used adjunctively, and then compare the safety and efficacy of concurrent versus sequential surgery. Setting Cornea and refractive surgery subspecialty practice. Design Prospective randomized clinical trial. Methods Patients were randomized to one of two groups: ICRS first, immediately followed by CXL during the same session (n = 104), or ICRS followed by CXL 3 months later (n = 94). Outcomes included changes in maximum keratometry (K) and topographic inferior–superior (I–S) difference, maximum flattening of topographic K, and changes in uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities. These were analyzed in the entire cohort, in the two randomized groups, and in subgroups stratified to ICRS size and placement. Patients were followed for 6 months. Results The study comprised 198 eyes of 198 patients. Overall, maximum K decreased by an average of 2.5 D, I–S difference improved by 3.9 D, and there was an average maximum flattening of −7.5 D. The UDVA improved by 2.0 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution lines, on average, and the CDVA improved by 1.1 lines. There was no significant difference between the sequential and concurrent groups in any of the outcomes analyzed. There were 6 clinically significant adverse events. Conclusions CXL and ICRS can be used adjunctively with substantial improvement in corneal topography, and with no increase in safety concerns over each procedure alone. Sequential and concurrent treatment with ICRS and CXL show equivalent outcomes. Both thicker segment size and single segment placement seem to result in greater topographic improvement.
Differential Diagnosis of CD30 Expression

CD30 is an activation marker that is characteristically expressed by cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders (lymphomatoid papulosis and anaplastic large cell lymphoma). However, CD30 is not specific for these entities and may show significant expression in a variety of benign and malignant cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates. The identification of CD30 expression by itself is not enough to make a diagnosis. Additional immunophenotyping and clinical correlation are necessary for proper classification.
Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been considered the top cause of mortality globally. However, countries differ in their rates and there have been changes over time. Methods and Results...
Weightlifting Shoulder Injuries Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments: 2000-2030.

Weightlifting is associated with a significant risk of shoulder injury. We used the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to identify patients presenting to U.S. emergency departments between 2000 and 2017 with weightlifting-associated shoulder injuries to determine how the health burden and demographic characteristics of these patients have changed over time. Our analyses demonstrated a significant increase in the national estimate of weightlifting-associated shoulder injuries between 2000 (N=8.073; C.I. 6.309–9.836) and 2017 (N=14.612; C.I. 12.293–16.930) (p
The prognostic nutritional index might predict clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Background and aims The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) had been associated with adverse outcomes in numerous clinical conditions. However, its influence on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was not determined. This aim of this study was to determine the predictive ability of PNI in patients with idiopathic DCM. Methods and results A total of 1021 consecutive patients with idiopathic DCM were retrospectively included and divided into three groups based on admission PNI tertiles: 47.3 (n = 340). The association of PNI with in-hospital major adverse clinical events (MACEs) and death during follow-up was evaluated. In-hospital mortality (2.9% vs. 1.5% vs. 0.0%, respectively; p = 0.006) and MACEs (13.6% vs. 6.7% vs. 3.5%, respectively; p Conclusion The PNI was an independent risk factor for in-hospital MACEs and all-cause mortality at a median follow-up of 27 months in patients with idiopathic DCM; hence, it may be considered a tool for risk assessment.
Biomarkers of Gastric Premalignant Lesions

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers worldwide. There is a significant diversity in risk and aggressiveness associated with the disease in terms of factors such as ethnicity, age, and diet. However, one thing that is common is the fact that infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is often associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Infection with H. pylori induces a series of events that lead to non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), multifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia, and cancer. All the premalignant, proinflammatory stages are treatable, but it has been shown that the rate of progression to more advanced lesions is higher than the rate of regression. Most of the research efforts have focused on understanding the cancer stage, but there is still a large gap in the knowledge of biomarkers of the inflammatory stages and those of the progression/regression. Using samples from African American and Caucasian individuals with gastritis, we have been able to identify specific sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in cytokine genes associated with ethnicity. Interestingly, those same SNPs are also associated with advanced gastric lesions. On the other hand, using a cohort of Hispanic/Latino individuals with gastritis, we identified CD44 as a marker of disease progression and DMBT1 as a marker of disease aggressiveness. Both markers were validated in in vitro and in vivo systems.
Identification Key to the Genera of the Tribe Gonocerini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae)

Gonocerini is a tribe within the large and widely distributed family of insects, Coreidae Leach, 1815. The Gonocerini, as well as many other tribes of Coreidae, lack complete identification keys and existing partial keys are outdated. Here, we use taxonomic descriptions, type images, and distribution data to create a dichotomous key to all 11 genera of Gonocerini based primarily on morphological characteristics.
RE Cares Workshop and Event (RE Cares'19): RE Cares about Giving Back to Society: Employing RE Techniques and Hackathon for Jeju Island

RE Cares is an event that applies RE techniques and skills to a real world problem of a stakeholder in the locale of the RE conference. The work is done at the conference, allowing an interactive, hands-on experience for RE Cares participants. This year's event will assist stakeholders from the Jeju Creative Economy Innovation Center as they attempt to address a major problem of the island: traffic and congestion that makes travel difficult.
Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents

Bariatric surgery is increasingly applied to the adolescents with the dramatic increase in obesity in this population. While there are technical similarities to the adult procedures, there are special considerations needed for application to pediatric patients. The interventions most commonly utilized are the gastric bypass and the sleeve gastrectomy. This chapter will review the physiologic, metabolic, and technical point relevant to successful surgical management of the adolescent with obesity. Surgical management of obesity has demonstrated excellent outcomes with improvement in comorbidities.
LPM EFFECT AS THE ORIGIN OF JET FRAGMENTATION SCALING IN HEAVY ION COLLISIONS

We address a recent puzzling result from the LHC: the jet fragmentation functions measured in Pb–Pb and pp collisions appear very similar in spite of a large medium-induced energy loss (we will call this jet fragmentation scaling (JFS)). To model the real-time nonperturbative effects in the propagation of a high energy jet through the strongly coupled QCD matter, we adopt an effective dimensionally reduced description in terms of the (1+1) quasi-Abelian–Schwinger theory. This theory is exactly soluble at any value of the coupling and shares with QCD the properties of dynamical generation of "mesons" with a finite mass and the screening of "quark" charge that are crucial for describing the transition of the jet into hadrons. We find that this approach describes quite well the vacuum jet fragmentation in e+e- annihilation at z≥0.2 at jet energies in the range of the LHC heavy ion measurements (z is the ratio of hadron and jet momenta). In QCD medium, we find that the JFS is reproduced if the mean free path λ of the jet is short, λ≤0.3 fm, which is in accord with the small shear viscosity inferred from the measurements of the collective flow. The JFS holds since at short mean free path the quantum interference (analogous to the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal (LPM) effect in QED) causes the produced mesons to have low momenta p~m, where m≃0.6 GeV is the typical meson mass. Meanwhile the induced jet energy loss at short mean free path is much larger than naively expected in string models.
Trends and In-Hospital Outcomes of Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis Associated with Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Nationwide Analysis.

Introduction Gastrointestinal cancers have a strong association with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), yet the hospitalization data is unknown. Objective and methods We analyzed around 78 million discharges from the 2007-2017 Nationwide Inpatient Sample with an inclusion criterion of adult patients admitted for portal or hepatic vein thrombosis as a primary diagnosis with a gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary malignancy as a secondary diagnosis. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality, complication rates, and resource utilization. Odds ratios (OR) and means were adjusted for confounders using multivariate regression analysis models. Results Out of the total 32,324 hospitalizations for SVT, 3,220 (10%) were associated with a GI malignancy, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer were the most common. Portal vein thrombosis accounted for 95% of these hospitalizations. Admissions for pancreatic cancer-associated SVT have increased by 7.2 times from 2007 to 2017. Patients with SVT and concomitant GI malignancies were significantly older and had a higher comorbidity score than those with SVT without GI malignancy. Risk of inpatient mortality for SVT patients were significantly higher for patients with gastric cancer (rate: 12.1%, OR 8.6, 95% CI: 1.8-39.7) and HCC (rate: 7.6%, OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.5-4.8) as compared to non-GI malignancy-related SVT. Odds of variceal bleeding were significantly higher for patients with HCC (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.2-2.34) than patients without GI malignancy. Conclusions Digestive cancer-associated SVTs constitute 10% of all SVT related hospitalizations and are significantly increasing in the past decade. We report the baseline characteristics and predictors of inpatient mortality in this study.
Concordance of Immune-Related Markers in Lymphocytes and Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder associated with a wide array of transcriptomic and neurobiochemical changes. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling conducted in postmortem brain have provided novel insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder, and identified biological processes including immune/inflammatory-related responses, metabolic, endocrine, and synaptic function. However, few studies have investigated whether similar changes are present in peripheral tissue. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to characterize transcriptomic profiles of lymphocytes in 18 nonpsychotic controls and 19 individuals with schizophrenia. We identified 2819 differentially expressed transcripts (P nominal 0.5) highlighted immune/inflammatory responses as key biological processes in our dataset. Differentially expressed genes in lymphocytes were highly enriched in gene expression profiles associated with cortex layer 5a and immune cells. Thus, we investigated whether the changes in transcripts levels observed in lymphocytes could also be detected in the prefrontal cortex (PFC, BA10) in a second replication cohort of schizophrenia subjects. Remarkably, mRNA levels detected in the PFC and lymphocytes were in strong agreement, and measurements obtained using RNA-sequencing positively correlated with data obtained by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Collectively, our work supports a role for immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and suggests that peripheral markers can be used as accessible surrogates to investigate putative central nervous system disruptions.
Partnering with healthcare facilities to understand psychosocial distress screening practices among cancer survivors: pilot study implications for study design, recruitment, and data collection.

We sought to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing distress screening (DS) of cancer patients to inform and promote uptake in cancer treatment facilities. We describe the recruitment and data collection challenges and recommendations for assessing DS in oncology treatment facilities. We recruited CoC-accredited facilities and collected data from each facility’s electronic health record (EHR). Collected data included cancer diagnosis and demographics, details on DS, and other relevant patient health data. Data were collected by external study staff who were given access to the facility’s EHR system, or by facility staff working locally within their own EHR system. Analyses are based on a pilot study of 9 facilities. Challenges stemmed from being a multi-facility-based study and local institutional review board (IRB) approval, facility review and approval processes, and issues associated with EHR systems and the lack of DS data standards. Facilities that provided study staff remote-access took longer for recruitment; facilities that performed their own extraction/abstraction took longer to complete data collection. Examining DS practices and follow-up among cancer survivors necessitated recruiting and working directly with multiple healthcare systems and facilities. There were a number of lessons learned related to recruitment, enrollment, and data collection. Using the facilitators described in this manuscript offers increased potential for working successfully with various cancer centers and insight into partnering with facilities collecting non-standardized DS clinical data.
Cybersecurity or Protectionism? Defusing the Most Volatile Issue in the U.S.-China Relationship

For more than a decade, the United States and China have been engaged in a low-profile, high-technology trade war that has been conducted in the name of protecting critical economic and national security infrastructure from cyber malfeasance. But the trade restrictions and subsidies suggest that the objectives of both governments have less to do with cybersecurity than they do with industrial policy and protectionism.
Multilevel growth curve analyses of behavioral activation for anhedonia (BATA) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy effects on anhedonia and resting-state functional connectivity: Interim results of a randomized trial✰.

Abstract Background The neural mechanisms associated with anhedonia treatment response are poorly understood. Additionally, no study has investigated changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) accompanying psychosocial treatment for anhedonia. Methods We evaluated a novel psychotherapy, Behavioral Activation Therapy for Anhedonia (BATA, n = 38) relative to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT, n = 35) in a medication-free, transdiagnostic, anhedonic sample in a parallel randomized controlled trial. Participants completed up to 15 sessions of therapy and up to four 7T MRI scans before, during, and after treatment (n = 185 scans). Growth curve models estimated change over time in anhedonia and in rsFC using average region-of-interest (ROI)-to-ROI connectivity within the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), salience network, and reward network. Changes in rsFC from pre- to post-treatment were further evaluated using whole-network seed-to-voxel and ROI-to-ROI edgewise analyses. Results : Growth curve models showed significant reductions in anhedonia symptoms and in average rsFC within the DMN and FPN over time, across BATA and MBCT. There were no differences in anhedonia reductions between treatments. Within-person, changes in average rsFC were unrelated to changes in anhedonia. Between-person, higher than average FPN rsFC was related to less anhedonia across timepoints. Seed-to-voxel and edgewise rsFC analyses corroborated reductions within the DMN and between the DMN and FPN over time, across the sample. Conclusions : Reductions in rsFC within the DMN, FPN, and between these networks co-occurred with anhedonia improvement across two psychosocial treatments for anhedonia. Future anhedonia clinical trials with a waitlist control group should disambiguate treatment versus time-related effects on rsFC.
Opioid receptor system contributes to the acute and sustained antidepressant-like effects, but not the hyperactivity motor effects of ketamine in mice.

Abstract In 2000, a subanesthetic dose (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine was reported to have both rapid and robust antidepressant effects in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and later, ketamine also was shown to be effective in treatment-resistant depressed patients. However, the mechanisms responsible for ketamine's antidepressant effects remain unclear. In 2018, a clinical study reported that pretreatment with the nonselective opioid antagonist naltrexone attenuated the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine in depressed patients. The current study investigated the potential role of the opioid receptor system in the acute and sustained antidepressant-like and hyperactive effects of ketamine. Mice were tested in the tail suspension test (TST) and differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate responding (DRL) 72 s task which are behavioral screens for antidepressant-like properties. Additionally, open field locomotor activity also was measured. In all behavioral assays, mice were pretreated with the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone or saline prior to ketamine administration. The current study found that ketamine (10 mg/kg) produced acute (30 min) and sustained (24 h) antidepressant-like effects in TST, which were attenuated by pretreatment of 2 mg/kg naltrexone. Ketamine (32 mg/kg) also produced an acute antidepressant-like effect in the DRL 72 s task that was attenuated by pretreatment of 2 mg/kg naltrexone. Finally, ketamine (10 and 32 mg/kg) produced hyperactivity in the open field; however, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg naltrexone failed to block the hyperactivity effects ketamine. These results, along with recent clinical findings, suggest that ketamine's antidepressant effects, but not its hyperactive effects, involve activation of the opioid system.
MOBO-NFV: Automated Tuning of a Network Function Virtualization System using Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization

With today’s dramatic rise of Internet traffic, telecommunication providers increasingly rely on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) for the fast deployment and flexible orchestration of infrastructure workloads. Characterizing and tuning to run at maximum performance and/or minimum power is a critical business goal for companies.In this paper, we implement and characterize the Virtual Broadband Network Gateway (vBNG), an important NFV workload, running on a real Intel® Xeon® server. Then, we present a fully automated approach based on Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization (MOBO-NFV) for tuning real systems running NFV workloads. We demonstrate improvements in power and performance by up to 18% and 17% respectively. We envision that the proposed methodology and results will benefit service providers for resource planning and orchestration.
A Steering Law for a Roof Type Configuration of Single Gimbal Control Moment Gyro System

Single-Gimbal Control Moment Gyro (SGCMG) systems have been investigated for attitude control of the Large Space Telescope (LST) and the High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO). However, various proposed steering laws for the SGCMG systems thus far have some defects because of singular states of the system. In this report, a steering law for a roof-type SGCMG system is proposed which is based on a new momentum distribution scheme that makes all the singular states unstable. This momentum distribution scheme is formulated by a treatment of the system as a sampled-data system. From analytical considerations, it is shown that this steering law gives control performance which is satisfactory for practical applications. Results of the preliminary computer simulation entirely support this premise.
Radiation-induced female-sterile mutant in pearl millet

Female sterility has been reported for a number Of crops. Casady etal.found that it was conditioned By the complementary effect of two dominant genes In sorghum. Single recessive genes control female Sterility in upland cotton6 and the tomato'. Although The condition is of genetic interest. We are not aware Of any previous reports that suggest or demonstrate Utilization of genetic female sterile mutants
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias in Children and Adolescents: Cluster Headache and Related Conditions

Cluster headache is a primary headache disorder that can occur in children and adolescents, and is a member of the broader diagnostic group of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. It is characterized by repeated attacks typically lasting between 15 and 180 minutes of severe unilateral side-locked headache with cranial autonomic features. Acute treatment of the cluster attack can include the use of triptans or high-flow oxygen. Preventive measures typically start with the use of verapamil. The other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, paroxysmal hemicrania, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT), and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with cranial autonomic features (SUNAA), have also been reported in children, and should be considered when the clinical presentation is at all unusual.
From Medieval Guilds to Open Source Software: Informal Norms, Appropriability Institutions, and Innovation

This essay draws on recent scholarship concerning the nature and function of medieval guilds. I argue that certain features of these guilds appear in modern institutions that further collective invention ("appropriability institutions"): patent pools, industry-wide standard-setting organizations, informal knowledge exchange among academic scientists, and (in a more limited way) open source software development. In particular, guilds and modern institutions share three features: (1) an "appropriability structure" that makes it profitable for individual entities to develop new technologies and sometimes share them; (2) reliance on group norms, as opposed to formal legal enactments, as an enforcement mechanism; and (3) a balance of competition and cooperation which determines what information is to be shared with the group, and what (if any) individual-proprietary information is not. The current trend toward greater dispersal and atomization of economic activity may increase the importance of such interfirm appropriability institutions.
Somewhere Towards the End: A Memoir

There is a proliferation of books in recent months about the end of life, some offering counsel in various forms to an oftentimes reluctant and recalcitrant public, and others giving testimony to l...
The design of a GaAs micro-supercomputer

The paper is an overview of the architecture, technology and CAD tools used in the design of an experimental 250 MHz 'micro-supercomputer' which is being designed for a sustained performance of 170 MIPS. The system will include a gallium arsenide processor which executes the MIPS instruction set and a two-level cache memory system, packaged on a multi-chip module. The risk in undertaking this project is minimized by using existing but advanced GaAs technology (GaAs MESFET enhancement/depletion direct-coupled FET logic (E/D DCFL)), by building needed CAD tools on top of commercial tools, and by using a standard instruction-set architecture. >
Protein synthesis in Bacillus subtilis: II. Selective translation of natural mRNAs and its possible relation to the species-specific inhibition of protein synthesis by lincomycin and erythromycin☆

Vacant ribosomal couples from Bacillus subtilis W168 incorporate only very small amounts of amino acids into polypeptides in response to Escherichia coli cellular RNA or bacteriophage f2 RNA, but are observed to form initiation complexes in the presence of f2 RNA. Vacant ribosomal couples from E. coli acquire pressure-resistance, but do not bind fMet-tRNA, when incubated with B. subtilis RNA in the absence of ribosomal wash fraction. The implied mRNA binding in the absence of salt wash fraction, taken with previously reported observations of salt wash-independent translation of mRNAs from Grampositive bacteria, suggests that mRNAs from Gram-positive bacteria have an active functional character which is masked or absent in mRNAs from Gram-negative sources. It is proposed that this property of B. subtilis mRNAs is required by B. subtilis ribosomes for some translational function subsequent to the formation of the 70 S initiation complex, and that f2 RNA, while it is bound by B. subtilis ribosomes in initiation complexes, is not translated because it lacks this feature. The antibiotic lincomycin has been found to inhibit translation of natural mRNAs in vitro in systems from Gram-positive bacteria at concentrations 10 to 100 times lower than those necessary to inhibit translation in systems from Gram-negative species. Lincomycin does not inhibit formation of initiation complexes by vacant couples from B. subtilis or E. coli. Taken with the published findings of other investigators, these results are interpreted as indicating that the first translocation step following assembly of the initiation complex may coincide with a transition between distinct “initiating” and “elongating” states of the ribosome, and that this transition may involve structural elements, and possibly mechanisms, which are different in Gram-positive systems than in Gram-negative systems. A comprehensive model is constructed to account for the results of these studies and for the published findings of other investigators. It is proposed that some feature of Gram-positive mRNA, perhaps a vestige of early protein synthetic systems, is required by the ribosomes of Gram-positive bacteria to facilitate the transition between initiating and elongating ribosomal states. Inhibition of protein synthesis by lincomycin and the similarly species-specific macrolide antibiotic erythromycin is interpreted as an allosteric effect on the transition between initiating and elongating ribosomal states, in which the different binding affinities of ribosomes from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for the drugs are related to the functional differences between the two types of systems at this critical step. The implications of this interpretation of interspecies translational specificity for mechanisms of translational control in the cell and for the nature of the divergence of bacterial protein synthesis systems into Gram-positive and Gram-negative types are discussed.
The DnaJ family of protein chaperones in Trypanosoma cruzi.

We have molecularly cloned four members of the DnaJ (heat shock protein 40) family of protein chaperones of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi—tcj1, tcj2, tcj3 and tcj4. While all the proteins contain defining J domains at their N-termini, only tcj2, tcj3 and tcj4 contain glycine/phenylalanine-rich and zinc finger domains common to many other DnaJ homologues. Furthermore, tcj2 and tcj4 contain C-terminal CaaX motifs, substrates for prenyl modifications, suggesting that they are associated with cellular membranes. tcj1 is a divergent member of the family, containing neither glycine/phenylalanine-rich nor zinc finger domains. All the T. cruzi DnaJ genes are single copy, in contrast to other T. cruzi heat shock genes, which are arranged in multicopy direct tandem arrays. Among the tcj mRNAs, only tcj2 is heat inducible, which may result from posttranscriptional regulation involving a sequence found in the 3′ untranslated regions of all heat-inducible T. cruzi mRNAs described to date. Further study of this important family of protein chaperones will aid our understanding of the protein folding and assembly processes in protozoans.
The Role of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis I. THE PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID POLYMERASE

It has become evident that several enzymatic reactions exist which lead to the incorporation of the mononucleotide moiety of the ribonucleoside triphosphates into ribonucleic acid (1). The first of these enzymes to be characterized catalyzes the addition of cytosine 5’-phosphate and adenosine 5’-phosphate to the nucleoside terminal end of soluble ribonucleic acid (2,3). The product of this reaction is a ribonucleic acid, terminated by pCpCpA, and active as an acceptor of amino acid (l-7). It is the purpose of this communication to report the method of purification and the characterization of a second enzyme. This enzyme, obtained from Escherichia coli, catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from the four ribonucleoside triphosphates, and is completely dependent on deoxyribonucleic acid. The other product of the reaction is inorganic pyrophosphate. A number of reports from different laboratories have demonstrated the wide distribution of this enzyme and have discussed various aspects of the reaction it catalyzes (S-22).
Economic Growth and Military Spending in China: Implications for International Security

The relationship between economic growth and military spending in China is examined. An empirical model of China's military spending is introduced that is consistent with economic and international political science theories. The findings reveal a positive relationship between military spending and economic growth. The results are suggestive of the view that China is on the way to becoming the dominant regional power in Asia. Results further indicate that while China's military spending is affected by the military spending of India and Russia, it is not affected by that of Japan or the United States. Long-term forecasts made employing the empirical military spending model for China introduced in this paper, conditional on the assumptions made about the future values of the explanatory variables and the empirical model employed indicate that China is likely to be the dominant regional power in Asia.
Temptation and Social Preference

This paper shows in an experiment that giving rates in a dictator game increase significantly if payments are offered with delay. We hypothesize that a temptation to be selfish may be at play in social preferences. We model this and demonstrate that our model is consistent with much of the existing evidence on dictator games as well. The possible relationship with other social preference theories, such as warm glow, altruism and concern for social image, are discussed and differences in welfare conclusions highlighted.
Gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses gene therapy for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LRDs). Gene therapy is an attractive alternative to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for several reasons. Gene therapy offers the potential for a sustained therapeutic effect from a single administration of vector. In contrast to ERT, this single treatment decreases the probability of an immune response to the enzyme and would also decrease the cost to the patient. LSDs are ideal candidates for gene therapy treatment for many reasons. LSDs are generally well-characterized, single-gene disorders. While the amount of enzyme required correcting the disease varies depending on the enzyme deficiency and affected tissues, restoring enzyme levels to those observed in unaffected heterozygote patients or patients with a milder LSD phenotype should significantly improve survival and quality of life. The ability of cells to both secrete newly synthesized enzyme and endocytose circulating enzyme allows for gene therapy-mediated correction of multiple tissues either by systemic vector administration or direct vector administration to one tissue that will in turn synthesize and secrete functional enzyme for another.