cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulator-gating: adaptive management of on-chip voltage regulators

Design-for-power has become one of the primary objectives with the continuous demand to improve the battery life of mobile devices or minimize the cooling costs of servers. To save power and mitigate thermal emergencies, circuits typically enter reduced power states when the workload is light. Voltage regulators, however, operate indifferently under varying workload conditions due to the lack of different operating modes. When a voltage regulator is optimized for a particular load current, significant power is dissipated during voltage conversion while delivering a different load current. Adaptive activity management of on-chip voltage regulators based upon the workload information is exploited in this paper to force each on-chip regulator to operate in its most power-efficient load current. In the proposed regulator-gating (ReGa) technique, regulators are adaptively turned on (off) when the current demand is high (low) to improve the voltage conversion efficiency. With the proposed ReGa technique, the overall voltage conversion efficiency from the battery or off-chip power supply to the output of on-chip voltage regulators is improved ~3x.
Enhancing the Care Continuum in Rural Areas: Survey of Community Health Center–Rural Hospital Collaborations

ABSTRACT: Context:Community Health Centers (CHCs) and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) play a significant role in providing health services for rural residents across the United States. Purpose: The overall goal of this study was to identify the CAHs that have collaborations with CHCs, as well as to recognize the content of the collaborations and the barriers and facilitators to collaborations. Methods: The target population was CAHs within 60 miles of CHCs. Surveys were mailed to 386 chief executive officers of CAHs in 41 states who met the study criteria. The response rate was 40.9%. A descriptive analysis using chi-square tests compared the status of partnerships along with factors identified as barriers and facilitators to collaboration. Findings: Out of the 161 CAH respondents, 24 (14.9%) reported having a collaborative agreement with a CHC, and 2 indicated that they planned to develop a collaborative agreement. A common reason given for not collaborating was lack of awareness of a CHC within the service area. Other barriers identified were competition with CHCs and organizational differences. External funding to start a collaborating service was the most frequently cited factor to facilitate collaborations. Conclusions: The findings indicate that collaborations between CAHs and CHCs are a largely untapped resource. The rural health care services continuum may benefit from increased collaborations.
Diaphragmatic hernia in horses: 44 cases (1986–2006)

Objectives – To present a case series of horses diagnosed with diaphragmatic hernia, and to determine the significance of (1) historical information, examination findings, and laboratory data; and (2) exploratory laparotomy or necropsy findings on short- and long-term outcome. Setting – University Referral Hospital. Design – Retrospective study. Animals – Forty-four horses/foals admitted between 1986 and 2006 with a diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia made either at exploratory laparotomy or necropsy. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – Information from the medical records included history, clinical examination findings at presentation, and findings of exploratory laparotomy or necropsy. Logistic regression or the Fisher exact test was used to determine factors associated with survival. Outcome was defined as survival to discharge (short-term survival), and long-term survival was defined as horses alive at least 1-year post surgery. Of the 44 horses, 18 died or were euthanized before surgery. Twenty-six were taken to surgery, 17 were euthanized. Nine horses recovered from anesthesia, 7 of which survived to hospital discharge. Of these, 5 were alive at long-term follow-up. Survival was significantly associated with the age of the horse (≤2 y old) at presentation, presence of normal peritoneal fluid at presentation, amount of compromised viscera at surgery (<50% small intestine), and the size (<10 cm) and location (ventral) of the diaphragmatic tear. Conclusion – This study confirms that size and location of the lesion do play a significant role in prognosis. And, although the prognosis for horses with diaphragmatic hernia is poor, if horses have operable lesions there is a fair prognosis for long-term survival.
Improving the quality of road injury statistics by using regression models to redistribute ill-defined events

Objective To test the predictive ability of multinomial regression method in obtaining category of death distribution for cases with unknown/ill-defined mortality codes. Methods The authors evaluated the performance of the multinomial regression model by fitting the model to trial datasets from 2004 Mexican vital registration data. To predict category of death, the regression method makes use of explanatory variables, such as gender, age, place of crash, place of residence, education and insurance type. The authors compared the results of a full model regression with those of a reduced model that only contained gender and age as explanatory variables. For this comparison, the authors constructed two forms of data: dummy variable adjustment method and case-wise deleted method. The comparison was made through estimated area under the curve (AUC) for each outcome variable. Results The full model significantly outperformed the gender-age (reduced) model using both datasets. In the case-wise deleted method, the AUC was increased from 0.55 to 0.7 for the reduced model and from 0.64 to 0.84 for the full model. Improvement in AUC using the dummy variable adjustment method was less significant. Conclusions To predict ill-defined categories of death, adding relevant explanatory variables to gender and age is recommended. Multiple imputations may perform even better than this model especially when significant portion of the data are missing.
Surface quenching of optically generated carriers in thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon: Picosecond transient-grating experiments.

Subnanosecond-timescale transient-grating experiments are used to investigate the dynamics of optically generated charge carriers in thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) at room temperature. By examining the time dependence of the transient-grating signal as a function of fringe spacing for small fringe spacing, the diffusion constant in the plane of the film (${D}_{?}$) is determined. At large fringe spacing, the grating decay becomes independent of fringe spacing and is highly nonexponential. The functional form and rate of the large-fringe-spacing decay change with sample thickness. A model for the effect of surface quenching on the transient-grating decay is presented. The calculations are in good agreement with the data and yield a diffusion constant (${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$) for motion perpendicular to the thin-film plane. ${D}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$=0.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec, while ${D}_{?}$=1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec.
Tradition and Transition in English Language Teaching Methodology.

Abstract The field of English language teaching is in transition, as it seeks new approaches, and re-examines older ones, in order to address the range and level of English proficiency required for participation in today's global community. This article describes the context of the transitional period, discusses the contributions of second language acquisition theory and research therein, and reviews classroom principles and related techniques that have already emerged.
A Brief Survey of Department of Defense Telemedicine

This paper describes current telemedical projects sponsored by the Department of Defense (DoD) and provides points of contact for further communication. The scope and scale of these projects demonstrate the DoD commitment to the development and deployment of telemedicine and advanced medical information technologies in health care delivery.
Competition for a Unique Response Element Mediates Retinoic Acid Inhibition of Vitamin D3-stimulated Transcription

We have identified a novel steroid hormone response element in the avian beta3 integrin promoter. This sequence, comprising three hexameric direct repeat half-sites separated by nine and three nucleotides binds vitamin D receptor (VDR)-retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-RXR heterodimers. VDR-RXR binds direct repeats separated by three base pairs, and RAR-RXR recognizes half-sites separated by nine bases, whereas the central half-site interacts with both heterodimers. Retinoic acid and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 activate both a genomic fragment including the transcriptional start site and an oligonucleotide containing the three repeats, linked to a heterologous promoter. Co-addition of the steroids produces neither synergy nor an additive effect; rather the result equals that for retinoic acid alone. Scatchard analysis demonstrates that RAR-RXR has greater affinity than VDR-RXR for the composite element. Based on these findings we propose a model in which there is specific, polarity-defined binding of VDR-RXR and RAR-RXR to three half-sites, which form two overlapping steroid response elements, with the central half-site common to both. Our results identify a novel mechanism by which one steroid hormone can modulate the activity of a second, by competing for a shared half-site in a composite response element.
Catamenial epilepsy: Update on prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment from the findings of the NIH Progesterone Treatment Trial

Abstract Purpose To extend our knowledge and practical application of the concept of catamenial epilepsy. Methods The review focuses on the impact of the NIH Progesterone Trial on our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of catamenial epilepsy. Results Catamenial epilepsy refers to the cyclic exacerbation of seizures in relation to the menstrual cycle. An interaction between seizures and the menstrual cycle is suggested by variations in seizure frequency according to the day, phase and ovulatory status of the menstrual cycle. There are three commonly recognized patterns: perimenstrual (C1: Day −3 to +3), peri-ovulatory (C2: Day 10 to 3) and entire luteal phase in anovulatory cycles (C3: Day 10 to 3). Pathophysiological determinants include 1) the neuroactive properties of reproductive steroids, 2) the variation of neuroactive steroid levels across the menstrual cycle and 3) the differential susceptibility of epileptic substrates to neuroactive steroid effects. Perimenstrual seizure exacerbation may result from the premenstrual withdrawal of progesterone which is accompanied by withdrawal of allopregnanolone, a potent positive allosteric modulator of the GABA A receptor, and changes in the subunit composition of the GABA A receptor to the α4 subtype which is insensitive to benzodiazepine and GABA. Bioidentical progesterone supplement is no better than placebo in the treatment of women with focal onset epilepsy overall but shows superior efficacy in women whose seizures show robust perimenstrual exacerbation. Conclusion There is sound evidence for the existence of catamenial epilepsy and class 3 evidence for adjunctive progesterone treatment of the perimenstrually exacerbated subtype.
Comparison of marine gas hydrates in sediments of an active and passive continental margin

Abstract Two sites of the Deep Sea Drilling Project in contrasting geologic settings provide a basis for comparison of the geochemical conditions associated with marine gas hydrates in continental margin sediments. Site 533 is located at 3191 m water depth on a spit-like extension of the continental rise on a passive margin in the Atlantic Ocean. Site 568, at 2031 m water depth, is in upper slope sediment of an active accretionary margin in the Pacific Ocean. Both sites are characterized by high rates of sedimentation, and the organic carbon contents of these sediments generally exceed 0.5%. Anomalous seismic reflections that transgress sedimentary structures and parallel the seafloor, suggested the presence of gas hydrates at both sites, and, during coring, small samples of gas hydrate were recovered at subbottom depths of 238m (Site 533) and 404 m (Site 568). The principal gaseous components of the gas hydrates wer methane, ethane, and CO2. Residual methane in sediments at both sites usually exceeded 10 mll−1 of wet sediment. Carbon isotopic compositions of methane, CO2, and ΣCO2 followed parallel trends with depth, suggesting that methane formed mainly as a result of biological reduction of oxidized carbon. Salinity of pore waters decreased with depth, a likely result of gas hydrate formation. These geochemical characteristics define some of the conditions associated with the occurrence of gas hydrates formed by in situ processes in continental margin sediments.
New generation’s career aspirations and new ways of marginalization in a postindustrial economy

The 1990s, a decade of democratic advances and consumption euphoria in South Korea, heralded a new wind called ‘neoliberal education’. It is within this historical juncture that I conducted an ethnographic research on low‐income youths who had dropped out of mainstream high schools. While I investigated these youths’ educational and career aspirations, I examined how discourses in neoliberal freedom and free marketization shape (and are shaping) these youths’ self‐fashioning. Central to my analysis is how this process of identity construction is intersected with class marginality. A predominate number of youths in my research express their preference in service sector and/or entertainment industries. The paper addresses how neoliberal discourses and consumerism ;rhetoric are negotiated and transformed in youth’s narratives on aspirations. The analysis speaks to the ideological pitfall of neoliberalism, echoing critical scholars’ thesis that neoliberalistic education with free market principles perpetuated...
Minimizing expected makespan in a two-machine stochastic open shop with Poisson arrival

Abstract Longest Expected processing time (LEPT) policy is a machine loading rule where out of all the jobs waiting to be processed by a machine, with their processing times following given probability distributions, the one with the largest expected processing time is chosen first. Using a method based on Markov process and dynamic programming, we show that a LEPT policy will minimize the expected makespan for a two-machine stochastic open shop with Poisson arrival for jobs. Processing time of any job at any machine is exponential. We assume that all jobs are identical but the two machines are not.
New Perspectives in Amblyopia Therapy on Adults: A Critical Role for the Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance

Amblyopia is the most common form of impairment of visual function affecting one eye, with a prevalence of about 1% to 5% of the total world population. This pathology is caused by early abnormal visual experience with a functional imbalance between the two eyes owing to anisometropia, strabismus or congenital cataract, resulting in a dramatic loss of visual acuity in an apparently healthy eye and various other perceptual abnormalities, including deficits in contrast sensitivity and in stereopsis. It is currently accepted that, due to a lack of sufficient plasticity within the brain, amblyopia is untreatable in adulthood. However, recent results obtained both in clinical trials and in animal models have challenged this traditional view, unmasking a previously unsuspected potential for promoting recovery after the end of the critical period for visual cortex plasticity. These studies point toward the intracortical inhibitory transmission as a crucial brake for therapeutic rehabilitation and recovery from amblyopia in the adult brain.
Renewable Resource-Based Green Composites from Recycled Cellulose Fiber and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Bioplastic

Novel “green” composites were successfully fabricated from recycled cellulose fibers (RCF) and a bacterial polyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by melt mixing technique. Various weight contents (15%, 30%, and 40%) of the fibers were incorporated in the PHBV matrix. The effect of the fiber weight contents on the thermal, mechanical, and dynamic−mechanical thermal properties of PHBV was investigated and a comparative property analysis was performed with RCF-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. The tensile and storage moduli of the PHBV-based composites were improved by 220% and 190%, respectively, by reinforcement with 40 wt % RCF. Halpin−Tsai and Tsai−Pagano's equations were applied for the theoretical modeling of the tensile modulus of PHBV-based composites. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the PHBV-based composites was increased from 105 to 131 °C, while the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) value was reduced by 70% upon reinforcement with 40 wt % RCF. ...
Deviations in body fluids during fasting in rats: failure of ADH treatment and nonnutritive bulk in preventing the occurrence of plasma hypovolemia.

Abstract During fasting rats initially exhibited a slight plasma hypervolemia followed by hypovolemia, with an accompanying increase in plasma osmolality, which became more severe as food deprivation continued. Urinary sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were depressed with deprivation and this condition persisted through the six days of fasting examined. Urine osmotic pressure indicated a recovery trend by the fourth day of deprivation. This temporally coincided with a marked reduction in water consumption. In a second experiment Pitressin treatment increased urine osmolarity during four days of food deprivation, but urinary sodium and potassium concentrations were not changed nor was the plasma hypovolemia influenced. In the third experiment nonnutritive bulk in the form of Vaseline-cellulose mixture was ingested by both rats and gerbils during starvation. Water consumption and urine volume were decreased by such bulk ingestion, however, the urine remained dilute as compared with ad lib levels, and the plasma hypovolemia persisted.
Effects of rotation on hot star winds

We discuss the structure of a radiatively-driven wind from a rapidly rotating hot star. When the rotation rate is large, there is a region at low latitudes near the stellar surface where the force of gravity is larger than the radiation pressure. Within this region, the streamlines “fall” toward the equator, and if the rotation rate is large enough, the fluid collides with the flow from the opposite hemisphere of the star. The shock compression and subsequent cooling produces a dense equatorial disk. This wind-compressed disk forms only if the star is rotating fast enough. The rotation threshold for disk formation is about 70% of the break-up speed for B stars and is much higher for O stars. If theoretical calculations of the terminal speed are correct, then the behavior of the disk formation threshold as a function of spectral type potentially explains the frequency distribution of Be stars. The geometry of the wind-compressed disk agrees quite well with observations of Be stars; however, the disk density is a factor of 100 too small to explain the magnitude of the IR excess, optical polarization, and Hα emission, if current UV mass-loss rates are correct. However, recent X-ray observations indicate that the mass-loss rates of B stars may be much larger than previously thought.
Spacing effects and their implications for theory and practice

There is considerable evidence, gathered in a variety of settings and across many different types of materials and procedures, that spaced repetitions—regardless of whether they are in the form of additional study opportunities or successful tests—are a highly effective means of promoting learning. Research on spacing effects is reviewed and its theoretical and educational implications are examined. It is concluded that spacing effects can best be understood in terms of the “accessibility” hypothesis, and that spaced repetitions have considerable potential for improving classroom learning.
Implementing Therapy With Opioids in Patients With Cancer

Purpose/objectives To review strategies to optimize the management of chronic pain in patients with cancer, with an emphasis on the role of opioid analgesics. Data sources Published research, articles from a literature review, and U. S. statistics. Data synthesis Treatment for cancer pain remains suboptimal. With the therapies currently available, as much as 90% of cancer pain can be controlled. Opioid analgesics are an important component of pain management in patients with cancer. Conclusions The management of cancer pain is a challenging endeavor that requires an understanding of the etiologies of cancer and the types of pain they can produce. Opioid analgesics are a mainstay of treatment for cancer pain. New drug formulations, delivery systems, and strategies, particularly opioid rotation, are available to optimize cancer pain management. Implications for nursing Opioid rotation may be useful for opening the therapeutic window and establishing a more advantageous analgesic-to-toxicity ratio in patients with cancer.
Electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids on acrylamide-agarose gels lacking covalent crosslinking.

Abstract The preparation of acrylamide-agarose gels lacking covalent crosslinking with methylenebis-acrylamide is described. These hybrid gels melt at 85°C and, consequently, allow quantitative analysis of tritium-labeled protein after electrophoresis. Recovery of tritium-labeled ribonucleic acids extracted from hybrid gels is 20 to 25% greater than from standard acrylamide-methylenebisacrylamide gels. Standard curves of electrophoretic mobilities as a function of molecular weights of dissociated proteins and ribonucleic acids are compared for acrylamide-agarose gels and acrylamide-methylenebisacrylamide gels.
Mechanistic study of the azithromycin dosage-form-dependent food effect.

Purpose Azithromycin capsules are known to exhibit a negative food effect, manifest as a decrease in azithromycin bioavailability in the fed state. Azithromycin tablets are known to be bioequivalent to capsules in the fasted state, but do not exhibit a food effect. In the present study, the involvement of gastric degradation of azithromycin to des-cladinose azithromycin (DCA) has been investigated as a possible mechanism for the observed capsule food effect.
Knowledge representation in conceptual realism

Abstract Knowledge representation in Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves more than the representation of a large number of facts or beliefs regarding a given domain, i.e. more than a mere listing of those facts or beliefs as data structures. It may involve, for example, an account of the way the properties and relations that are known or believed to hold of the objects in that domain are organized into a theoretical whole—such as the way different branches of mathematics, or of physics and chemistry, or of biology and psychology, etc., are organized, and even the way different parts of our commonsense knowledge or beliefs about the world can be organized. But different theoretical accounts will apply to different domains, and one of the questions that arises here is whether or not there are categorial principles of representation and organization that apply across all domains regardless of the specific nature of the objects in those domains. If there are such principles, then they can serve as a basis for a general framework of knowledge representation independently of its application to particular domains. In what follows I will give a brief outline of some of the categorial structures of conceptual realism as a formal ontology. It is this system that I propose we adopt as the basis of a categorial framework for knowledge representation.
Multiscale Methods for stiff ODE : Closure and Consistency

We apply a Heterogeneous Multiscale Method style algorithm to highly oscillatory ODEs. The algorithm tracks the slow evolution of a system in a manner consistent with, but more efficient than metho ...
Electrical osteogenesis by low direct current

A constant direct current cathode was employed in the medullary canal of the rabbit tibia to investigate electrical osteogenesis at low current levels. Currents of 0.015 or 0.075 microA were delivered to the bone and the biological response was compared with contralateral controls receiving 20 microA. This investigation was performed to determine if electrical osteogenesis occurs at current levels below the previously studied range of 1-100 microA with stainless steel electrodes. New bone formed by 0.015 microA cathodes was statistically comparable with that found around inactive cathodes from an earlier pertinent study. The osteogenic response to 0.075 microA cathodes was significantly elevated above that to inactive ones, thus substantiating electrical osteogenesis for currents below 1 microA. However, it is evident that this does not demonstrate a further stimulatory range but that currents near 0.075 microA probably approach the lower significant limit for electrically induced bone growth with stainless steel electrodes.
Nonimmunological alterations of glomerular filtration by s-PAF in the rat kidney.

Nonimmunological alterations of glomerular filtration by s-PAF in the rat kidney. Rat kidneys were isolated and perfused with a cell-free perfusion buffer containing 4% albumin. Infusion of platelet activating factor (s-PAF) into the isolated perfused kidney caused a dose-dependent fall in renal vascular resistance (RVR): 12 ± 6% at 10nM s-PAF, 18 ± 3% at 100nM s-PAF and 20 ± 7% at 1 µM. s-PAF. Glomerular filtration rate fell by 32 ± 5% at 10nM, 38 ± 6% at 100nM, and 52 ± 10% at 1 µM. s-PAF (50nM) increased urinary protein excretion after 20 minutes. Because GFR fell to a greater extent than RVR, possible changes in glomerular permeability after s-PAF treatment were assessed morphologically using native ferritin. After s-PAF treatment (100nM), the number of ferritin particles/µm 2 increased from 1.2 ± 0.9 (control) to 795 ± 69 in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and from 0.2 ± 0.06 (control) to 98 ± 29 in lamina rara externa (LRE). To quantitate changes in fixed anionic charges, polyethylenimine (PEI) was quantitated morphologically in GBM. No significant change between s-PAF treated and untreated kidneys was seen. s-PAF did not alter the sialoglycoprotein pattern in the perfused kidney as assessed by lysozyme staining. These results are in contrast to findings with s-PAF in vivo where in addition to increased glomerular permeability, a reduction of fixed anionic charges is seen. Thus, these results help to differentiate a dual mechanism of s-PAF: 1) a direct action of s-PAF on glomerular epithelial and vascular cells and, 2) an indirect action of s-PAF on glomerular structures via stimulation of release of inflammatory mediators from circulatory cells.
Choosing living arrangements for the elderly

Many older people live in situations not in keeping with their needs. Daily living can be eased or worsened by the environment, Bratman (1974), and living arrangements which support older peoples’ decreasing physiological, psychological, and sociological capacities are essential, Beattie (1973). Studies suggest that for older people inappropriate living arrangements can result in hospital readmissions, serious impairment in functioning, and sometimes even death, Kelman and Muller (1967); Lieberman (1969). Knowledge is needed regarding what living situations are available to the aged, what is expected from those living situations, and what is desirable in the living situation, if living arrangements conducive to maintaining well-being during the aging process are to be chosen. Two descriptive studies concerning the choosing of living arrangements were conducted to gain understanding of how both nurses and elderly people select living situations for the elderly. The process of decision making was studied since this process focuses on variables pertinent’ to choosing living arrangements, and also provides a means for selecting living arrangements.
The neural correlates of performance in adolescents at risk for schizophrenia: inefficiently increased cortico-striatal responses measured with fMRI.

Abstract Background fMRI studies indicate that schizophrenia patients and their adult relatives require greater prefrontal activation to maintain performance at levels equal to controls, but studies have not established if this pattern of inefficiency is observed in child and adolescent offspring of schizophrenia patients (SCZ-Off). Methods Using a task with visual working memory demands, we investigated activation in cortico-striatal networks and dorsal prefrontal modulation of regions underlying visual working memory in a group of SCZ-Off (n = 19) and controls with no family history of psychosis (n = 25 subjects) using an event-related design. Trials were divided based on memory performance (correct vs. incorrect) to specifically identify the neural correlates of correct working memory performance. Results Whereas groups did not differ in terms of behavioral accuracy, SCZ-Off demonstrated significantly increased fMRI-measured activation in dorsal prefrontal cortex and the caudate nucleus during correct, relative to incorrect memory performance. Whereas activation in SCZ-Off was high and independent of performance in each region, in controls the fMRI response was related to behavioral proficiency in the caudate. Further, exploratory analyses indicated that this inefficiency in the dorsal prefrontal cortex response increased with age in SCZ-Off (but in no other regions or group). Finally, these differences were not based in differences in dorsal prefrontal modulation of other regions during successful performance. Discussion These results are consistent with observed patterns in adult patients and first-degree relatives. Inefficient fronto-striatal responses during working memory may characterize the schizophrenia diathesis and may reflect the effects of the illness and vulnerability for the illness.
Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right

List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER 1 The Setting 20 CHAPTER 2 "A Sleeping Giant Is Awakening": Right-Wing Mobilizatio, 1960-1963 54 CHAPTER 3 The Grassroots Goldwater Campaign 111 CHAPTER 4 The Conservative Worldview at the Grass Roots 147 CHAPTER 5 The Birth of Populist Conservatism 187 CHAPTER 6 New Social Issues and Resurgent Evangelicalism 217 EPILOGUE 262 Notes 275 Bibliography 351 Index 379
Fully Modified Vector Autoregressive Inference in Partially Nonstationary Models

Abstract The likelihood ratio (LR) test for ranks is commonly used to test for the number of cointegrating relationships among multivariate time series. The distribution of the LR test in partially nonstationary models is nonstandard and contains nuisance parameters in the presence of non-iid errors and misspecified lags. In contrast, I show that under less-restrictive assumptions on the errors, the fully modified (FM) vector autoregressive (VAR) rank test has a chi-squared distribution for the null of cointegration but is degenerate for the null of no cointegration, unlike its LR counterpart, which is well defined for both nulls. It turns out that augmenting the VAR by an exogenous I(0) variable solves the degeneracy problem. The procedure can also be applied to testing for Granger causality and is in fact a generalization of Toda-Yamamoto's procedure of augmenting the VAR with additional lagged I(1) variables. Unlike the LR test for ranks or Toda-Yamamoto's test for causality, the FM tests do not requir...
Developing mixture models, are we done

Forty-one years ago, Scheffe’s pioneering article “Experiments With Mixtures”, was the impetus for much of the research on mixture experiments performed during the next three decades and into the 1990’s. That article introduced the simplex lattice designs and the associated canonical polynomials, the latter often referred to as Scheffe’s models. Over the years, alternative designs and models have been developed mainly to deal with such modifications to the standard mixture problem as the placing of additional constraints on the mixture component proportions and the inclusion of nonmixture factors called process variables or the amount of the mixture. As we move into the 21st century and think about future research on models for mixture experiments, we are tempted to ask, “Are there additional challenges facing us or are we done” To answer this question truthfully we must look back to see where we’ve been and look to the future at what it is we want to accomplish. This paper is the beginning of this process.
Home Economists as Cross-Cultural Researchers: A Field Study of Ghanaian Clothin Selection

Participant observation procedures from cultural anthropology and social science research methods common to home economics were combined in assessing the cross-cultural applica bility of the American clothing selection generalization: selection of American dress is based on certain aesthetic, psychological, sociological, economic and physiological attributes of the clothing. Ninety-nine Ghanaian women consumers completed a questionnaire anvolving choices among cloths and ranking of reasons for the choices. Chi-square and Spearman rank order correlations were used in analyzing the data. Consumers differed significantly in their cloth choices when analyzed by age and ethnic group but not when analyzed by occupation. How ever all individuals agreed on the reasons for their choices. Selection of Ghanaian wax print textiles was related to, in order of importance, aesthetic, psychological, and sociological but not economic or physiological clothing attributes. The combination of cultural anthropology and home economics research approaches was evaluated as useful in selection of a topic appropriate to the culture and informants, in collec tion of a wide variety of data bearing on clothing selection, and in comparison of “ideal” to “real” culture. The research methods provided checks on each other for conducting objective research in another culture.
A theory of the serial position effect.

A presentation of an information processing theory of rote serial learning sufficient to predict (qualitatively and quantitatively) the shape of the serial error curve. In addition, other rote-learning phenomena are explained. The theory postulates a serial information processing mechanism that learns (on the average) one item from a serial list every k seconds, has a very small immediate memory span, and uses an anchor-point processing strategy for organizing its learning effort over time. Two ways described to make predictions from the postulates are by a computer programmed to process information and by a simple mathematical model.
A quantitative method of determination of the diabetogenic activity of growth hormone preparations.

A NEW, rapid and quantitative method of. determination of the diabetogenic activity of growth hormone preparations has been developed, based on the effect of this hormone on obese-hyperglycemic mice. The metabolic characteristics of this new Mendelian recessive condition have been described in previous publications (Bleisch, Mayer and Dickie, 1952; Guggenheim and Mayer, 1952; Mayer, Russell, Bates and Dickie, 1952; Mayer, Russell, Bates, and Dickie, 1952). Particularly relevant to the question discussed here are the characteristics of the hyperglycemia in the obese mice. This develops as a progressive condition, usually after the 12th and before the 18th week of life. The precise time of onset seems to be conditioned by the presence or absence of genes other than “obese” in the genetic composition of the obese mice. The hyperglycemia is sensitive to the amount and the nature of the diet. It is highly sensitive to growth hormone,
The behavior of normal peripheral nerve in Tissue culture

A phase contrast and time lapse cinematographic study of normal mouse sciatic nerve cultured in vitro was made. The Rose chamber and chicken plasma clot methods were employed. The growth was characterized by three basic cell types: a spindle-shaped cell with a bulging nucleus, a racket-shaped cell with a short wide fan-shaped process and an opposite filiform process, and a kite-shaped cell with abundant ectoplasm. The spindle-shaped cells exhibited a pulsatile rhythmic activity. The rhythm of contraction varied from two to eighteen minutes. No contractile activity was observed in the case of the racket-shaped cells nor in the kite-shaped cells. The spindle-shaped cells were thought to be Schwann cells, the kite-shaped cells were considered of a fibroblastic nature, whereas no source could be found for the racket-shaped cells, although the perineurium was considered as a possible origin. The cultures were maintained up to 80 days, but at no time were phagocytes, observed. With the methods employed no transformation of cells from one type to another took place, and the Schwann cells did not transform themselves into phagocytes.
Isolation of phospholamban and a second proteolipid component from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract We have isolated two proteolipid fractions from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum by chromatography on columns of Sepharose CL-6B, and Sephadex LH-60. One, “fraction B”, is phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and was identified as phospholamban, the activator of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. The other, “fraction A”, is not phosphorylated and has an amino acid composition very similar to those of proteolipids we previously isolated from (Na,K)-ATPase.
653: Evidence for excessive feto-placental activation of the polyol pathway: implications for hyperuricemia of preeclampsia (PE)

with chronic hypertension and 20 with superimposed preeclampsia) and 66 healthy pregnant women underwent 3DUS examination once during the pregnancy. Case and controls were a match according to maternal age, gestational age at ultrasound examination and parity. Placental vascularity was calculated using the 3D-power Doppler histogram using pre-established power Doppler settings. Comparison among groups and subgroups were analyzed using t-student and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: The population demographics and characteristics were similar in both groups. Mean gestational age at evaluation was 32.6 3.4 weeks. The placental vascularity index was significantly reduced in cases with hypertension (11.1 0.8%) in comparison with healthy pregnancies (15.2 1.1%; p 0.01); but with similar reduction in those with pure preeclampsia (10.7 1.1%), chronic hypertension (11.5 1.3%) and superimposed preeclampsia (11.2 1.2%; p 0.89). CONCLUSION: Pregnancies complicated with hypertensive disorders have reduced placental vascularity than healthy pregnancies, independently of the classification of the disorder.
Multiple Valve Replacement

During the past 5½ years 152 patients have undergone multiple valve replacement in this clinic. The operative mortality is 12% and the late mortality 14%. The late complications and functional results of the 112 survivors are reviewed and discussed. Neither severe cardiovascular symptoms nor unfavorable hemodynamic findings are specific contraindications to an operation; however, irreversible disease coexisting in other organ systems is a possible contraindication. A decrease in recent operative mortality and fewer significant complications suggest that this experience should be extended.
Development of a new fiber optic probe for fluorophore quantification in tissues

A new type of fiber optic probe can measure fluorescence intensities from tissues which is insensitive to changes in the background pigment concentration, and may be calibrated to be insensitive to scattering coefficient changes.
Stenting without thrombolysis for aortoiliac occlusive disease: experience in 14 high-risk patients

Stenting without thrombolysis of 16 occluded iliac artery segments and one occluded infrarenal abdominal aorta was attempted in 14 patients. All patients were either considered to be prohibitive operative risks or had contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. Indications for limb reperfusion included rest pain, disabling claudication, or dry gangrene. Successful recanalization was achieved primarily in 13 patients with self-expandable Wallstents, balloon-expandable Palmaz stents, or a combination of the two stents. Follow-up was carried out in all patients in whom recanalization was successful. All stented patients showed symptomatic improvement, and the mean preprocedure ankle/brachial index, which was 0.31, improved to 0.78 after the procedure (p = 0). Complications included a vertebrobasilar stroke during the procedure in one patient, perforation during angioplasty of a stenotic but nonoccluded external iliac artery in one, and dissection of the distal external iliac artery in one. Distal embolization did not occur. Percutaneous recanalization of aortoiliac occlusions without initial thrombolysis is possible and has a high potential for technical success. Additional data and longer follow-up are still needed, but this procedure may provide a reasonable, less invasive option in some patients at high surgical risk or in patients who have contraindications to thrombolytic therapy.
Distal upper extremity motion during keyboarding

Abnormal computer keyboard typing patterns have been associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. Threshold values for quantifying abnormal distal upper extremity function during typing have been established to identify typing behaviors that may place the computer user at risk for developing an injury. In this paper, the joint displacements of repeated typing tasks were normalized using previously collected opto-electronic motion capture data of the distal upper extremity during typing, histogram distributions of each movement showed the amount of time subjects were beyond threshold values and a Gaussian curve fit was observed to adequately describe angle distributions for a repeatedly typed sentence. Results indicate that normalized measurements of angle deviations during a typing task are highly repeatable and tend to follow a Gaussian distribution. Normalized data could be used to determine the efficacy of the current threshold values in quantifying the risk of injury to the upper extremity while typing, especially for applications within a rehabilitative setting.
b-quark electric dipole moment in supersymmetry and CP-odd bottomonium formation

We compute the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the bottom quark in the minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) model with explicit CP violation. We estimate its upper bound to be 10{sup -20} ecm where the dominant contribution comes from the charginos for most of the SUSY parameter space. We also find that the chargino contribution is directly correlated with the branching fraction of the B{yields}X{sub s}{gamma} decay. Furthermore, we analyze the formation of the {sup 1}P{sub 1} resonance of the ({bar B}b) system in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation, and show that the CP-violating transition amplitude, induced solely by the b-quark EDM, is significantly larger than the CP-conserving ones. Therefore, observation of this CP-odd resonance in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation would be a direct probe of the CP-violating phases in SUSY. In case the experiment cannot establish the existence of such a CP-odd ({bar B}b) state, then either the sparticle masses of all three generations will be pushed well above TeV, weakening the possibility of weak-scale SUSY, or the sparticle mass spectrum will be tuned so as to cancel different contributions to EDMs.
Clarification of Factor Five with the help of the AB5C Model

The Abridged Big Five-Ditneizsioizal Circumplex (ABSC) Model of Hofstee, De Raad and Goldberg (1992) represeizts trait terms us blends offactors. Analyses suggest that dzfferent scales for measuring Fuctor V (Mentality) may reject blends of this factor with either Factor 111 (Constraint) or Fuctor I (Extruversion/Surgency). Measures saturatedprimarily by Fuctor V alone (V+ V+ in the ABSC terms of Hofstee et al.) represent Creative Mentality. Measures that blend Fuctor V with the positive pole of Factor 111 represent Constrained Mentality ( V+ III+), with the negative pole, Unconstrained Mentality (V+III-). Measures that blend Factors V and I represent Surgent Mentality (V+I+). While all of these variants are perfectly valid forms of Factor V, Creative Mentality seems to be the central core of Factor Vand is represented by the Openness to Ideas and Openness to Aesthetics Scales of Costa and McCrae (1992) and by the Generates Ideas and Culture Scales of Hogan und Hogan (1992).
Simplified frailty index to predict adverse outcomes and mortality in vascular surgery patients.

Background Frailty has been established as an important predictor of health-care outcomes. We hypothesized that the use of a modified frailty index would be a predictor of mortality and adverse occurrences in vascular surgery patients. Methods Under the data use agreement of the American College of Surgeons, and with institutional review board (IRB) approval, the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Participant Utilization File was accessed for the years 2005–2008 for inpatient vascular surgery patients. Using the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Frailty Index (FI), 11 variables were matched to the NSQIP database. An increase in FI implies increased frailty. The outcomes assessed were mortality, wound infection, and any occurrence. We then compared the effect of FI, age, functional status, relative value units (RVU), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, and wound status on mortality. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square analysis and stepwise logistic regression. Results A total of 67,308 patients were identified in the database, 3913 wound occurrences, 6691 infections, 12,847 occurrences of all kinds, and 2800 deaths. As the FI increased, postoperative wound infection, all occurrences, and mortality increased ( P P Conclusions A simplified FI can be obtained by easily identifiable patient characteristics, allowing for accurate prediction of postoperative morbidity and mortality in the vascular surgery population.
Improved human disease candidate gene prioritization using mouse phenotype

Background: The majority of common diseases are multi-factorial and modified by genetically and mechanistically complex polygenic interactions and environmental factors. High-throughput genome-wide studies like linkage analysis and gene expression profiling, tend to be most useful for classification and characterization but do not provide sufficient information to identify or prioritize specific disease causal genes. Results: Extending on an earlier hypothesis that the majority of genes that impact or cause disease share membership in any of several functional relationships we, for the first time, show the utility of mouse phenotype data in human disease gene prioritization. We study the effect of different data integration methods, and based on the validation studies, we show that our approach, ToppGene http://toppgene.cchmc.org, outperforms two of the existing candidate gene prioritization methods, SUSPECTS and ENDEAVOUR. Conclusion: The incorporation of phenotype information for mouse orthologs of human genes greatly improves the human disease candidate gene analysis and prioritization.
One nation under radio: digital and public memory after September 11:

National Public Radio’s Sonic Memorial project leveraged the opportunities of digital multimedia convergence to create a national aural memorial of the September 11 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. Not only did the ubiquity of digital technology empower listeners to act as producers in submitting texts to the Memorial, but it also allowed the Sonic Memorial to bridge radio and new media environments through the creation of a lasting memorial website at www.sonicmemorial.com. While unique in its focus on participatory vernacular aural remembrance, the Sonic Memorial nevertheless shares many attributes of traditional national memorials in its focus on making sense of national tragedy. Despite its uniqueness, the Sonic Memorial privileges certain stories, leaving others unvoiced in its montage of remembrance.