cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-Gag Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Specific for an Alternative Translational Reading Frame-Derived Epitope and Resistance Versus Susceptibility to Retrovirus-Induced Murine AIDS in F1 Mice

Murine AIDS (MAIDS) develops in susceptible mouse strains after infection with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus complex that contains causative defective, and ecotropic helper, retroviruses. We previously demonstrated that the MAIDS-resistant H-2(d) strains BALB/cByJ and C57BL/KsJ generate MHC class I (K(d)) restricted virus-specific CD8(+) cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that lyse cells expressing either defective or ecotropic gag proteins. In contrast, the congenic BALB.B and closely related C57BL/6J MAIDS-susceptible H-2(b) strains were unable to serve as a source of gag-specific CTLs (Schwarz and Green, 1994), suggesting that anti-gag CTLs might provide a basis for resistance to MAIDS. Although its susceptibility to MAIDS was unknown, the (BALB/c x C57BL/6J) F(1) (CBY6F(1)) strain could also produce H-2(d)-, but not H-2(b)-, restricted, anti-gag CTLs (Schwarz and Green, 1994). Because of this correlation between anti-gag CTLs and resistance to MAIDS, it was important to provide more direct evidence in support of CTL-mediated protection and to determine both the fine specificity of CByB6F(1) anti-gag CTLs, in comparison with the resistant C57BL/Ks and BALB/c strains, and the susceptibility of this F(1) strain to LP-BM5-induced MAIDS. We report here that no symptoms of MAIDS were observed in CBY6F(1) (H-2(dxb)) mice. For F(2) mice, in contrast to the high susceptibility of H-2(b/b) mice, 77% of H-2(d/d) and 81% of H-2(b/d) F(2) mice did not exhibit MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection. These results are in contrast to other published studies that concluded that susceptibility, rather than resistance, is dominant in F(1) (resistant x susceptible or susceptible x resistant) mice. We also show that CBY6F(1) anti-gag CTLs exhibit a fine specificity shared by the MAIDS-resistant BALB/c and C57BL/Ks strains, that is, the immunodominant gag epitope, SYNTGRFPPL, encoded by an alternative open reading frame. Together with our direct demonstration here that in vivo monoclonal antibody (mAb) depletion of CD8(+) T cells converts genetically resistant mice to MAIDS susceptibility, these data on the ability to mount anti-ORF2/SYNTGRFPPL, gag-specific CTL responses strongly suggest that CTLs are a primary factor in determining MAIDS resistance. Accordingly, given the K(d)-restricted nature of the CTLs, the main genetic determinant of resistance appeared to be the codominant expression of the resistant H-2(d) haplotype. Interestingly, however, 19% of H-2(d/b) and 23% of the H-2(d/d) F(2) mice had at least one clinical aspect of MAIDS, suggesting that a non-MHC genetic determinant(s) can negatively influence T-cell protection and thus disease outcome
Social Democratic Programs: What Is Worth Modeling (for the United States)

This article argues that the United States could improve social welfare outcomes by adopting effective and efficient elements from nations that excel in social welfare areas of employment, education, health care and income support. Using secondary data for comparison the article explores four foreign model programs that are worth modeling for the United States, which include employment in Norway, education in Finland, and health care and income support in Sweden. Each program is framed within its national context and is qualitatively described and linked to three essential social democratic values: universalism, equality and comprehensiveness
Electron microscope autoradiography.

Experiments combining the techniques of tritium autoradiography with the high resolving power of the electron microscope in conjunction with an extremely thin section and overlying emulsion are discussed. Although autoradiographic techniques were successfully applied to ultra-thin sections and the high resolution of the electron microscope, silver grains of extremely variable size and complete electron opacity were encountered. (P.C.H.)
Survey of Native Parasites of the Pickleworm, Diaphania nitidalis Stoll, and Melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Southern and Central Florida

The effect of larval parasites of the pickleworm, Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll), and of the melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata (L.), were determined in southern and central Florida. Apanteles sp., Hypomicrogaster diaphaniae (Muesebeck), Pristomerus spinator (Fabricius), Casinaria infesta (Cresson), Temelucha sp., and Chelonus sp. were collected from the pickleworm and from the melon worm larvae. Gambrus ultimus (Cresson) and Agathis texana (Cresson) accounted for a small proportion of melonworm larval parasitism. Average parasitism of the pickleworm larvae was 2.28 and 4.33% in 1983 and 1984. Average parasitism of melonworm larvae was 12.14 and 13.42% in 1983 and 1984, respectively. Relationship between abundance of parasite species and cucurbit plants is discussed.
A Photoelastic Study of the Stress Distribution in Adhesively Bonded Joints with Prebent Adherends

Abstract A photoelastic study on lap joints with inflexible adhesive layers reveals that the load carrying capacity may be increased as much as 71 % with the use of prebent adherends.
Control Of Cryogenic Fourier Transform Spectrometer Scanning Mirrors

The Perkin-Elmer Corporation has designed and built a cryogenically cooled Fourier transform spectrometer for spaceborne applications. In operation, the spectrometer requires mirrors moving at constant velocity in both forward and reverse directions. To maintain efficiency and accuracy, the time taken to reverse direction and the vibration induced due to this reversal must be kept within low limits. This paper deals with the control system design for maintaining a constant velocity during forward and reverse scans and for smooth direction reversals. The systems aspects of the problem are described, and time-domain techniques of modern control theory are applied for optimization of turn-around profile. The analysis leads to a suboptimal design easily implemented by using analog-type components. Test results of satisfactory performance are also included.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Phenomenology of Koan Meditation in Zen Buddhism

Zen students described their experiences when working with koans, and a phenomenological method was used to identify the structure of those experiences. Zen koans are statements or stories developed in China and Japan by Zen masters in order to help students transform their conscious awareness of the world. Eight participants including 3 females and 5 males from Southern California with 1 to 30 years of experience in Zen answered open-ended questions about koan practice in one tape-recorded session for each participant. Reflection yielded the following thematic clusters: (a) motivation, (b) approaches to working with koans, (c) experiences while working with koans, (d) experiences of insight into koans, (e) working with a teacher, and (f) transformation. Participants described positive transformations including better control of emotions and concentration, better awareness of prejudices and biases with the ability to suppress those types of habitual associations, and a new relation to and acceptance of spiritual questions and doubts.
Mediated chat development process: avoiding chat confusion on educational debates

The objective of this research is to reduce confusion in chat conversation, which is the main problem regarding the use of chat tools for holding online course debates. This problem is investigated using a Groupware Engineering approach. A number of successive versions of the Mediated Chat tool have been developed as part of this research. This research aims at producing an enhanced chat tool designed for educational debates through which a chat conversation could be followed more easily.
Surface chemistry of polyimide precursors on Cu(111)

Abstract We have investigated the bonding of the monomers pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and oxydianiline (ODA) as well as model compounds, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and benzoic acid, on Cu(111) in ultrahigh vacuum. Unenhanced surface Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the adsorbed species. ODA was unreactive at 110 K; the surface vibrational features were identical to those in the condensed multilayer. In contrast, PMDA chemisorbed dissociatively to form a bidentate surface carboxylate. Succinic anhydride physisorbed at 110 K, whereas benzoic acid and phthalic anhydride both adsorbed dissociatively forming bridging surface carboxylates as was observed for PMDA. The surface Raman spectrum of PMDA showed resonance enhancement.
Finite element approximation of a periodic Ginzburg-Landau model for type-II superconductors

We consider efficient finite element algorithms for the computational simulation of type-II superconductors. The algorithms are based on discretizations of a periodic Ginzburg-Landau model. Periodicity is defined with respect to a non-orthogonal lattice that is not necessarily aligned with the coordinate axes; also, the primary dependent variables employed in the model satisfy non-standard "quasi"-periodic boundary conditions. After introducing the model, we define finite element schemes, derive error estimates of optimal order, and present the results of some numerical calculations. For a similar quality of simulation, the resulting algorithms seem to be significantly less costly than are previously used numerical approximation methods.
Novel, Biocompatible, and Disease Modifying VIP Nanomedicine for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Despite advances in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, efficacious and safe disease-modifying therapy still represents an unmet medical need. Here we describe an innovative strategy to treat RA by targeting low doses of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) self-associated with sterically stabilized micelles (SSMs). This spontaneous interaction of VIP with SSM protects the peptide from degradation or inactivation in biological fluids and prolongs circulation half-life. Treatment with targeted low doses of nano-sized SSM-VIP but not free VIP in buffer significantly reduced incidence and severity of arthritis in an experimental model, completely abrogating joint swelling and destruction of cartilage and bone. In addition, SSM associated VIP unlike free VIP had no side-effects on the systemic functions due to selective targeting to inflamed joints. Finally, low doses of VIP in SSM successfully downregulated both inflammatory and autoimmune components of RA. Collectively, our data clearly indicate that VIP-SSM should be developed to be used as a novel nanomedicine for the treatment of RA.
On the resolution and optimization of a system of fuzzy relational equations with sup-T composition

This paper provides a thorough investigation on the resolution of a finite system of fuzzy relational equations with sup-T composition, where T is a continuous triangular norm. When such a system is consistent, although we know that the solution set can be characterized by a maximum solution and finitely many minimal solutions, it is still a challenging task to find all minimal solutions in an efficient manner. Using the representation theorem of continuous triangular norms, we show that the systems of sup-T equations can be divided into two categories depending on the involved triangular norm. When the triangular norm is Archimedean, the minimal solutions correspond one-to-one to the irredundant coverings of a set covering problem. When it is non-Archimedean, they only correspond to a subset of constrained irredundant coverings of a set covering problem. We then show that the problem of minimizing a linear objective function subject to a system of sup-T equations can be reduced into a 0---1 integer programming problem in polynomial time. This work generalizes most, if not all, known results and provides a unified framework to deal with the problem of resolution and optimization of a system of sup-T equations. Further generalizations and related issues are also included for discussion.
Single liquid precursor delivery photo-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of high quality YBa2Cu3O7−x thin/thick films

Abstract High quality superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x (YBCO) films were deposited on LaAlO 3 ( 1 0 0 ) substrates at a high growth rates of 0.2–1 μm /min with high reproducibility by a novel photo-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process with single liquid precursor delivery technique. The photo irradiation technique can dramatically increase the growth rate and the single liquid precursor delivery technique can significantly improve the process reproducibility. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that single phase, c -axis oriented and well ab-aligned YBCO films were high reproducibly prepared. The as-grown YBCO films showed critical temperatures ( T c ) of 91 K with the transition width ( ΔT c ) less than 1 K, and self-field critical current densities ( J c ) of 4.6×10 6 A/cm 2 at 77 K.
Analysis of headaches associated with gammaglobulin infusion

Abstract Rationale To evaluate patients who are treated with IVIG and develop headaches. The study further attempts to determine whether these headaches fit the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine. Methods 35 IVIG patients in an office-based practice were given a questionnaire about headaches associated with treatment and the data was analyzed. Results Headaches associated with IVIG therapy were reported in 29 (83%) of 35 patients. 10 (34%) of 29 reported headaches lasting 4 hours or less, 18 (62%) of 29 reported headaches lasting 5 hours to several days, 15 (51%) of 29 reported headaches beginning during the infusion, while the remaining 14(48%) of 29 reported headaches beginning immediately following infusion up to 72 hours post infusion. 16 (55%) of 29 reported the headache severity to range between 7–10 (10 point scale). 15 (52%) of 29 described the quality of the headache as throbbing/pounding. 3 (10%) of 29 reported unilateral headaches. 14 (48%) of 29 reported headaches associated with nausea and/or vomiting. 11 (38%) of 29 reported associated light sensitivity/photophobia. Conclusions Of 35 patients in an outpatient allergy/immunology practice receiving IVIG therapy, the majority (83%) reported headaches associated with treatment. These headaches fit the model presented by the IHS: the majority last greater than 4 hours, appear to have a throbbing/pounding/pulsating quality, and are of severe intensity. Findings from this study may suggest that a trial of mini-preventive therapy with a long acting tritan two hours prior to the initiation of IVIgG infusion may prevent the associated headaches.
Dynamic planning for urban drayage operations

Abstract This paper develops approaches for incorporating informational and operational dynamics within models for intermodal drayage operations with flexible tasks. Tasks with flexible origins or destinations create an important complexity. We develop models to minimize the cost of drayage moves when flexibility exists. The solution approach generates plans at several decision epochs during the day. The optimization problem at each epoch is a complex multistage stochastic optimization problem; we find good solutions using a two-stage approximation. We show that with such a model, a drayage firm can find high-quality plans even when many tasks are not known initially.
Factors Dominating Choice of Surgical Specialty

Background There has been much focus on factors influencing medical students' career choice, prompted by such concerns as a sufficient future surgical workforce, declining applicant pool, changing gender composition, and a cultural shift in values and priorities. Once in a surgical residency, there are little data on factors influencing general surgery (GS) residents' final specialty choice. Study Design A survey instrument was developed and content validated in conjunction with the Association of American Medical Colleges Center for Workforce Studies. The final instrument was distributed electronically between March 24 and May 2, 2008, through 251 GS program directors to all ACGME-accredited GS residents (n = 7,508). Results Response rate was 29% (2,153 residents; 89% programs). Half of GS residents remained undecided about specialty choice through the 2nd year, declining to 2% by year 5. Of the two-thirds who decided on a specialty, 16.5% chose to remain in GS, 14.6% chose plastics, 9.3% cardiothoracic, and 8.5% vascular. The specialty choice factors most likely to be very important were type of procedures and techniques, exposure to positive role model, and ability to balance work and personal life. Relative importance of factors in specialty choice varied by gender and chosen specialty. Mentors play a key role in specialty choice (66% decided had mentors versus 47% undecided). Work schedule was the most frequently selected shortcoming in every specialty except plastics. Cardiothoracic surgery followed by GS had the highest shortcomings. Conclusions The majority of GS residents plan to subspecialize. Three factors dominate specialty choice. Faculty need to understand their impact potential to modify or change perceptions of their specialty.
The Effect of Food on Test Anxiety

Proceeding from the literature on eating behavior and anxiety reduction, this study introduces food offering as a mode of intervention aimed at reducing anxiety. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) in an anxiety evoking test situation students will tend to consume more food than in a nonanxiety inducing situation such as a regular lecture; (2) eating food (i.e., peanut butter sandwiches) will result in a reduction of subjects' initial levels of test anxiety. Both hypotheses were confirmed. It also became apparent that the mere offering of food is conducive to some anxiety reduction, presumably due to the effect on the classroom atmosphere.
Steps needed for a successful RFP generation

The RFP for this type of technology can make or break a practice if done incorrectly. By following the steps above the transition from an idea to reality should be much smoother and hopefully lead to a successful installation.
Coupled modeling of evolution of impurity/defect distribution and cell performance

We demonstrate the use of end-to-end predictive modeling to optimize silicon solar cell fabrication processes. Coupled continuum models for dopants, metals, and light elements (e.g., O) are used to predict the distribution of electronically active defects. The models include point defect-mediated diffusion of boron and phosphorus from solid sources at both the emitter and back surface field. Interactions between metals and boron, boron and oxygen, dopants and point defects, and metals and dopant-defect complexes are modeled. The resulting impurity and defect distributions along with associated trap levels and capture cross-sections are passed to device simulation. The modeling results suggest strategies to optimize device performance in the presence of contamination.
Structure of egg yolk very low density lipoprotein. Polydispersity of the very low density lipoprotein and the role of lipovitellenin in the structure

Abstract Egg yolk very low density lipoprotein contained on the average 75% of lipid which could be extracted by ether and 25% of a residual lipoprotein, the classical lipovitellenin. The ether-extracted lipid was composed of 75% triglycerides, 7% sterols, 2% mono- and diglycerides, and 16% phospholipids. Lipovitellenin contained 48% lipid composed of 87% phospholipids, 11% triglycerides, and 2% sterols. The protein vitellenin was composed for the most part of units of 74,000 and 270,000 daltons molecular weight. Egg yolk very low density lipoprotein is polydisperse. Preparative ultracentrifugation separated it into six fractions of different average molecular size, and gel chromatography separated it into five. The fractions of larger molecular size contained more lipid and triglyceride than did the fractions of smaller molecular size. The proteins of the fractions appeared to be similar. Egg yolk very low density lipoproteins appear to be a series of molecules composed of cores of lipid of varying sizes with each core surrounded by a layer of lipovitellenin, which is composed principally of glycoprotein and phospholipid.
The role of a cytochrome c-552-cytochrome c complex in the oxidation of sulfide in Chromatium vinosum

The sulfide:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity of the flavocytochrome c-522 from the purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum has been investigated. The oxidized sulfur product of the sulfide:cytochrome c reductase activity has been shown to be elemental sulfur. Cytochrome c-552 has been found to form a stable complex with horse heart cytochrome c that appears to be held together by electrostatic interactions. The stability of this complex and the sulfide:cytochrome c reductase activity of cytochrome c-552 are both ionic strength dependent, with maximal rates of cytochrome c reduction and extent of complex formation occurring over the same ionic strength range. Trifluoroacetylated cytochrome c is not reduced in the presence of cytochrome c-552 and sulfide, nor does it form a complex with cytochrome c-552. These results suggest the possible involvement of cytochrome c lysine residues in complex formation. Cytochrome c-552 migrates with an anomalously high apparent molecular weight on gel filtration columns equilibrated with low ionic strength buffers, suggesting the possibility of conformational changes or dimerization of the protein. However, complexation of cytochrome c-552 with cytochrome c still occurs at low ionic strength.
Systemic absorption of food dye in patients with sepsis.

To the Editor: Critically ill patients who are receiving enteral feeding are susceptible to pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. Measures to enhance the early detection of aspiration include the tinting of feedings with the food dye FDC in both cases, the absorption was heralded by the appearance of blue or green skin . . .
Genetic mapping of the human C5a receptor. Identification of transmembrane amino acids critical for receptor function.

Next Section Abstract Many hormones and sensory stimuli signal through a superfamily of seven transmembrane-spanning receptors to activate heterotrimeric G proteins. How the seven transmembrane segments of the receptors (a molecular architecture of bundled α-helices conserved from yeast to man) work as “on/off” switches remains unknown. Previously, we used random saturation mutagenesis coupled with a genetic selection in yeast to determine the relative importance of amino acids in four of the seven transmembrane segments of the human C5a receptor (Baranski, T. J., Herzmark, P., Lichtarge, O., Gerber, B. O., Trueheart, J., Meng, E. C., Iiri, T., Sheikh, S. P., and Bourne, H. R. (1999)J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15757–15765). In this study, we evaluate helices I, II, and IV, thereby furnishing a complete mutational map of the seven transmembrane helices of the human C5a receptor. Our analysis identified 19 amino acid positions resistant to non-conservative substitutions. When combined with the 25 essential residues previously identified in helices III and V–VII, they delineate two distinct components of the receptor switch: a ligand-binding surface at or near the extracellular surface of the helix bundle and a core cluster in the cytoplasmic half of the bundle. In addition, we found critical amino acids in the first and second helices that are predicted to face the lipid membrane. These residues form an extended surface that might mediate interactions with lipids and other membrane proteins or function as an oligomerization domain with other receptors.
Copulatory behavior and hypothalamic estrogen and progestin receptors in chronically insulin-deficient female rats

Abstract The effects of relatively short- or long-term diabetes on sexual receptivity and proceptivity and on hypothalamic estrogen and progestin receptors were examined in rats fed regular chow or high fat diet. Ovariectomized, streptozotocin-induced chronically insulin deficient and normal rats received sequential treatments with 2 μg estradiol benzoate (EB) and 1 mg progesterone (P) 10 days following the induction of diabetes and were tested for lordosis and soliciting behaviors. Nondiabetic rats fed either diet displayed significantly higher lordosis and solicitation behaviors than chow-fed diabetics, and fat-fed diabetic animals displayed behavior levels intermediate to those of nondiabetic and chow-fed rats. Ten days after the induction of diabetes, the levels of hypothalamic estrogen receptors of chow-fed diabetics were significantly lower than nondiabetics with the fat-fed diabetic group showing intermediate levels. However, 70 days after streptozotocin treatment diabetic rats had significantly lower estrogen receptors than nondiabetics regardless of the diet. Treatment of long-term (70 days) diabetic rats with 1–2 U of U-100 Lente insulin for 24 hr or 7 days was ineffective in restoring the hypothalamic estrogen receptor concentrations to those of nondiabetics. Three weeks following induction of diabetes, induction of cytoplasmic progestin receptors by EB treatment was significantly impaired in diabetic animals fed either chow or high fat diet. Although the reproductive dysfunctions present in short-term diabetic female rats may be due in part to chronic fuel deprivation, it appears that the long-term maintenance of cytosol estrogen receptor level is dependent on other actions of insulin. Furthermore, restoration of hypothalamic estrogen receptors in long-term diabetic rats may require either longer than 7 days of insulin therapy or another mode of treatment (e.g., sex hormones). The behavioral improvement of diabetic animals on HF diet could be accounted for by mechanisms other than enhancement of EB-induced cytoplasmic progestin receptors.
Symptomatic sinus node dysfunction after heart transplantation.

When donor hearts are studied systematically after transplantation, by programmed electrical stimulation, sinus node dysfunction has been found to be common though data regarding symptoms related to this phenomenon are not available. In this case report we describe a heart transplant recipient who experienced serious symptomatic sinus node dysfunction associated with transient atrial fibrillation 17 days after cardiac transplantation; there was no evidence of donor heart rejection, intracardiac electrophysiology testing confirmed sinus node dysfunction of the donor heart, but only with relatively rapid atrial pacing rates.
The Biology of Race: Searching for No Overlap

With the rise of molecular genetics and the cornucopia of techniques it provides, a number of biomedical researchers in both the public and private sectors have turned to the human genome to search for variations among the world’s populations, with the purpose of tracing human evolution and migration patterns and predicting genetic disorders. The human genome also offers insight into an individual’s genealogy, which has never before been charted with such precision. Whereas 18th- and 19th-century scholars fetishized external characteristics in order to classify humans, more recent scholars have turned to the internal sequence of the genome. But how does one define populations? Should they be based on race? Can one speak of race at the molecular level? This essay explores the history of the biology of race with a view to compare and contrast modern molecular biological studies with the more pernicious actions of early-20th-century eugenicists. The key linking the two practices is the search for biological entities that do not overlap among the races. A critical difference is that modern studies use molecular biology to include previously excluded populations in the treatment of certain diseases. While the intentions are quite different, a number of scholars feel that genetic essentialism might be the end result.
The Effect of Comorbid AD/HD and Learning Disabilities on Parent-Reported Behavioral and Academic Outcomes of Children:

Data from the 2001 National Household Education Survey were examined to estimate the prevalence of comorbid AD/HD and LD among school-aged children in the United States and assess how this comorbid...
Processor Sharing Queueing Models of Mixed Scheduling Disciplines for Time Shared System

Scheduling algorithms for time shared computing facilities are considered in terms of a queueing theory model. The extremely useful limit of "processor sharing" is adopted, wherein the quantum of service shrinks to zero; this approach greatly simplifies the problem. A class of algorithms is studied for which the scheduling discipline may change for a given job as a function of the amount of service received by that job. These multilevel disciplines form a natural extension to many of the disciplines previously considered. The average response time for jobs conditioned on their service requirement is solved for. Explicit solutions are given for the system M/G/1 in which levels may be first come first served (FCFS), feedback (FB), or round-robin (RR) in any order. The service time distribution is restricted to be a polynomial times an exponential for the case of RR. Examples are described for which the average response time is plotted. These examples display the great versatility of the results and demonstrate the flexibility available for the intelligent design of discriminatory treatment among jobs (in favor of short jobs and against long iobs) in time shared computer systems.
Factors affecting the retention of dust mite allergen on carpet

Carpeting is one of the most common and perhaps the most important reservoir of aeroallergens and other components of dust found in residential or commercial settings. This research evaluated factors that affect the retention of dust mite allergens on different types of tufted carpet commonly found in homes and offices. Twenty-six types of carpet were custom manufactured as part of a two-stage factorial experiment using 182 carpet samples. Carpets differed with respect to fiber denier, cross-sectional shape, presence of fluorocarbon treatment, carpet style, pile height, and pile density. The major hypothesis tested was that the amount of allergen-containing dust recovered from vacuum samples of tufted carpet sources was dependent on micro (fiber) or macro (construction) retention characteristics of the carpets. Carpet samples were doped in a uniform and reproducible manner using an allergen-containing reference dust. A standardized vacuum surface sampler was used to recover dust from samples. Allergen was...
An alternate method of preparing polymer concreate from mixtures of liquid and solid monomers

This study was performed to facilitate the handling of solid monomers for commercial usage and to confirm the belief that these monomers can be incorporated into aggregates to produce high-strength, chemically resident, and thermally stable PC (polymer concrete). In the monomer system mentioned, the curing temperature is 60/sup 0/C. Evidently at this temperature the Aa (acrylamide) or MAa (methacrylamide) dissolves in the surrounding liquid monomer before polymerization occurs. There appears to be no segregation of constituents. However, thorough mixing of the solid monomer is essential for a good particle distribution, otherwise the desired ratio of monomers to form complete copolymers will not be achieved. It can be seen in the thermal analysis, and physical properties, that both hot and room-temperature methods of preparation can be used to produce the same product.
The effects of reward structure and partner’s cooperation upon strategy

Ss played a modified prisoner’s dilemma game under one of four incentive conditions with either a cooperative or a competitive partner. In one population sample, when Ss were playing for points, a money (rather than points) reward for partners elicited significantly more cooperation. In a second population sample, Ss reciprocated their partners’ strategy only when the Ss were playing for money rather than points. The possible effect of socioeconomic differences is discussed.
Perception matters for clinical perfectionism and social anxiety.

a b s t r a c t Despite research documenting a relationship between social anxiety and perfectionism, very little research has examined the relationship between social anxiety and clinical perfectionism, defined as the combination of high personal standards and high maladaptive perfectionistic evaluative concern. In the current studies we examined whether clinical perfectionism predicted social anxiety in a large sample of undergraduates (N = 602), in a clinical sample of participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 180), and by using a variance decomposition model of self- and informant-report of perfectionism (N = 134). Using self-report, we found that an interaction of personal standards and eval- uative concern predicted both social interaction anxiety and fear of scrutiny, but not in the theorized direction. Specifically, we found that self-report of low standards and high evaluative concern was asso- ciated with the highest levels of social anxiety, suggesting that when individuals with SAD hold low expectations for themselves combined with high concerns about evaluation, social anxiety symptoms may increase. Alternatively, when an informants' perspective was considered, and more consistent with the original theory, we found that the interaction of informant-only report of personal standards and shared-report (between both primary participant and informant) of concern over mistakes was associ- ated with self-reported social anxiety, such that high concern over mistakes and high personal standards predicted the highest levels of social anxiety. Theoretical, clinical, and measurement implications for clinical perfectionism are discussed.
Magnetomechanical effects under torsional strain in iron, cobalt and nickel

Abstract The change of magnetization as a function of applied torque has been investigated for cylindrical rods of 99.9% pure iron, cobalt and nickel. The relationship between the magnetomechanical effect and magnetostriction in these materials has also been investigated. Torque was applied with amplitude up to ±5 N m with no associated bending moment. The magnetic field near the sample surface was measured using a Hall effect sensor at the center of the sample. The results showed a linear dependence of this field on torque once the transient effects of the first few stress cycles had been overcome. The derivative of the surface circumferential magnetic field with respect to torque for a nickel rod was 19 A N −1 m −2 . Cobalt and iron, on the other hand, showed smaller sensitivity to torsional stress, with changes less than 1 A N −1 m −2 . The difference in behavior is due to the higher ratio of magnetostriction to anisotropy in nickel. Magnetostriction measurements were made and it was found that the piezomagnetic coefficient d , that is the slope of the magnetostriction curve d λ /d H , at low magnetic field is an important figure of merit in determining sensitivity of magnetization to torque. It is shown that the sensitivity of magnetic induction to stress d B /d σ is dependent on the ratio of magnetostriction to anisotropy.
Dirty Work Designations: Their Features and Consequences in a Psychiatric Setting

This paper explores the origin and consequences of a community mental health team's designation of some of its encounters with clients as “shit work.” First, the paper considers the perspective through which team members reviewed and characterized their performance. “Shit work” characterizations emerged when team members felt not only unable to do something for clients in a therapeutic sense, but compelled to do something to them in a coercive sense (in particular, to order involuntary hospitalization). Second, it is suggested that not only are dirty work designations the product of reviewing work performance through a particular perspective, but they also function publicly to reaffirm performance criteria, to express moral distance from a particular performance, and to tutor an observer into the preferred interpretation of a particular transaction.
New Insights Into Stroke in Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are predisposed to stroke, especially as the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreases. This update reviews the pathologic mechanisms particular to this stroke population. The treatment for primary and secondary prevention of stroke is reviewed with respect to antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, surgery, and carotid stenting. The control of chronic hypertension is particularly important in reducing stroke risk in CKD. In patients with prior stroke from atherosclerosis, antiplatelet agents are most beneficial in reducing secondary stroke risk. Those with atrial fibrillation and CKD may benefit from warfarin anticoagulation. Statins in CKD for stroke reduction in diabetics receiving dialysis are not useful, and the data are pending for their use in stroke reduction in the general CKD population. In carefully selected cases, carotid endarterectomy can be a treatment. The data on carotid stenting are conflicting.
The effect of extracellular calcium and magnesium on the proliferation of murine lymphoblasts

We have shown that the murine lymphoblast, L5178Y, requires extracellular magnesium or calcium for proliferation in suspension culture. Although both cations produce biphasic effects on growth, magnesium is the more potent since it: (1) stimulates proliferation at lower concentrations; (2) supports optimal proliferation over a wider concentration range; (3) maintains higher cell densities at stationary phase; and (4) produces less inhibition at high concentration. At suboptimal concentrations, calcium facilitates the effect of magnesium but at optimal concentration, no facilitation is evident. A concentration of 3.2 mM calcium or magnesium inhibits growth, while the same concentration composed of equimolar calcium and magnesium does not inhibit proliferation. Extracellular calcium and magnesium may influence proliferation by effecting changes in intracellular calcium and magnesium since: (1) reduction in extracellular concentrations sufficient to produce decreased growth rate is associated with decreased cell calcium and magnesium; (2) cell magnesium and growth rate are related such that an exponential decrease in relative doubling time occurs with decrease in cellular magnesium. Cells cultured at 37°C in magnesium and calcium-deprived medium will proliferate at a normal rate if either or both cations are replaced within six to 10 hours; however, with longer deprivation the doubling time in restored medium is progressively lengthened.
The Penrose, Ammann and DA tiling spaces are Cantor set fiber bundles

Anderson and Putnam have recently shown that the space of all tilings of a substitution tiling scheme is a special case of the present author's ‘expanding attractor’. This resurrects an earlier conjecture of the present author in this special case: The tiling space of a substitution tiling space is a fiber bundle over the torus, with Cantor set fiber. If true, this could be important in the classification of these spaces, just as in the one-dimensional case. These spaces were known (in these two disciplines) to be locally the product of a disk and a Cantor set. Farrell and Jones gave an example showing our more inclusive conjecture is false. Here we show that the Penrose, Ammann and ‘stepped plane’ tiling spaces are in fact such bundles. Among dynamicists, the stepped plane tiling space (in special cases) is known as the ‘DA’ attractor of Smale. The formalism of substitution systems provides a Markov partition, and this is certainly part of their intuitive appeal. However, in dynamics such partitions are rare in dimensions greater than 2 and do not occur for the DA attractor. We consider a weaker concept, that omits this requirement. Finally, we construct an example like the Farrell–Jones example, in sufficient detail that it can be visualized as a smooth tiling space , as opposed to the more rigid geometric tiling space .
The Effect of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Pressure in Medically Controlled Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients

Purpose To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in patients with medically controlled open-angle glaucoma (OAG), and examine the association of biometric variables to IOP changes. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Open-angle glaucoma patients without prior incisional glaucoma surgery undergoing phacoemulsification by a single surgeon between January 1997 and October 2011 were evaluated. Patient charts were reviewed to obtain demographic information, preoperative glaucoma medications, severity and treatment measures, and preoperative and postoperative IOP. Results A total of 157 eyes (157 patients) were included in the study. The average preoperative IOP of 16.3 ± 3.6 mm Hg decreased to 14.5 ± 3.4 mm Hg at 1 year ( P P P = .006), and deeper anterior chamber depth ( P = .015) were associated with lower postoperative IOP. Conclusions Phacoemulsification resulted in a small average decrease in IOP in patients with OAG. A sizeable proportion of medically controlled glaucoma patients with open angles undergoing phacoemulsification experienced an increase in IOP or required more aggressive treatment to control IOP postoperatively.
Polarization Division Multiple Access on NLoS Wide-Band Wireless Fading Channels

A cellular down-link polarization division multiple access (PDMA) scheme with collaborative transmitter-receiver-polarization adjustment and polarization filtering detection is proposed for polarized wide-band non-line-of-sight (NLoS) wireless fading channels. The fundamental novelty of the proposed scheme is that it can adjust transmit polarization to yield more desirable per-subcarrier complex cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) observed at the receivers. This is a significant difference between the proposed scheme and conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The capacity analysis of the proposed PDMA scheme is provided, and the feasibility and satisfactory performance of the scheme are demonstrated even when serious time-variant channel depolarization and polarization mismatch between receivers occurs. The proposed cellular down-link PDMA scheme uses synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) with an equally spaced pilot symbol allocation and a channel estimator. Excellent symbol error rate (SER)/effective signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) performance is shown despite the presence of substantial channel depolarization. The scheme can be used to extend the capacity of any cellular system that uses uni-polarized antennas and can be extended and applied to MIMO arrays as well.
Enterprise WiMAX building the next generation enterprise wireless infrastructure with WiMAX

As an all-IP broadband wireless technology, WiMAX uniquely integrates well with existing enterprise network infrastructure, which allows an enterprise to either directly host a WiMAX network or, alternatively, use a public WiMAX network hosted by a network service provider for its enterprise services. In this paper, we will discuss these two different network hosting models for the enterprise. In particular, we will discuss 1) what the WiMAX network architecture should look like; 2) how can the security models of WiMAX be made stronger to serve the needs of enterprise users; 3) how WiMAX and WiFi can work together seamlessly to give the user a unified experience. The content in this paper is based on our recent research in this area.
The Effect of the Use of Video Texts on ESL Listening Test-Taker Performance.

Video is widely used in the teaching of L2 listening, and SLA researchers have argued that the visual components of spoken texts are useful for the listener in comprehending aural information. Yet ...
A New Opecoelid Species (Trematoda: Opecoelidae) from the Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. in California

Abstract Plagioporus kolipinskii n. sp. (Trematoda: Opecoelidae) is described from the intestine of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., from Lobos Creek, a freshwater stream in Presidio, San Francisco County, California. Plagioporus kolipinskii is morphologically somewhat similar to 4 (P. serotinus Stafford, 1904, P. angusticollis Hausmann, 1896, P. macrouterinus Haderlie, 1953, and P. shawi [McIntosh, 1939]) of the 12 currently recognized North American species of the genus, but can be readily distinguished from all 4 in possessing a much larger acetabulum and a larger ovary relative to the testes. In addition, the new species can be distinguished from P. angusticollis by a smaller cirrus sac; from P. macrouterinus by the elongated shape of its body and reduced extent of its uterus (the uterus of P. macrouterinus extends posteriorly to the intersection of the testes); from P. shawi by a much-shorter cirrus sac (which reaches the ovary in P. shawi), an unlobed ovary (as opposed to a qua...
Cooperating unmanned vehicles

Effective employment of autonomous multi-vehicle control can meet a critical need in today's military. Swarming unmanned ground and aerial vehicles can achieve militarily effective cooperative action autonomously, using reactive, effects-based behaviors and broadcast-only, decentralized communications. We achieve this control through stigmergic potential fields, a form of cooperative motor schema behavior based upon mathematical functions that are associated with entities in the operational environment of the vehicle. We have demonstrated empirically, as well as through hardware-in-the-loop testing, how reactive swarming behaviors using stigmergic potential fields can offer robustly sufficient behavior with improved total system survivability and total operational effectiveness, particularly under dynamic environmental and operational conditions.
A mutation in SCARB2 is a modifier in Gaucher disease

Lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP-2) is responsible for proper sorting and lysosomal targeting of glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease (GD). Mutations in the gene for LIMP-2, SCARB2, are implicated in inherited forms of myoclonic epilepsy, and myoclonic epilepsy is part of the phenotypic spectrum associated with GD. We investigated whether SCARB2 mutations impact the Gaucher phenotype focusing on patients with myoclonic epilepsy, including a pair of siblings with GD who were discordant for myoclonic seizures. Sequencing of SCARB2 genomic and cDNA identified a heterozygous, maternally-inherited novel mutation, c.1412A>G (p.Glu471Gly), in the brother with GD and myoclonic epilepsy, absent from his sibling and controls. Glucocerebrosidase activity, Western blots, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated markedly decreased LIMP-2 and glucocerebrosidase in cells from the sibling with (p.Glu471Gly) LIMP-2, and diminished glucocerebrosidase in lysosomes. The cells secreted highly-glycosylated enzyme and showed mis-trafficking of glucocerebrosidase. Sequencing of SCARB2 in 13 other subjects with GD and myoclonic epilepsy and 40 controls failed to identify additional mutations. The study provides further evidence for the association of LIMP-2 and myoclonic epilepsy, explains the drastically different phenotypes encountered in the siblings, and demonstrates that LIMP-2 can serve as a modifier in Gaucher disease.