cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Order Flux Reconstruction Schemes for LES on Tetrahedral Meshes

The use of the high-order Flux Reconstruction (FR) spatial discretization scheme for LES on unstructured meshes is investigated. Simulations of the compressible Taylor-Green vortex at \(Re=1{,}600\) demonstrate that the FR scheme has low numerical dissipation and accurately reproduces the turbulent energy cascade at low resolution, making it ideal for high-order LES. To permit the use of subgrid-scale models incorporating explicit filtering on tetrahedral meshes, a high-order filter acting on the modal form of the solution (i.e. the Dubiner basis functions) is developed. The WALE-Similarity mixed (WSM) model using this filter is employed for LES of the flow over a square cylinder at \(Re=21{,}400\), obtaining reasonable agreement with experiments. Future research will be directed at improved SGS models and filters and at developing high-order hybrid RANS/LES methods.
Heterogeneous weight restoration trajectories during partial hospitalization treatment for anorexia nervosa

Early response to treatment has been shown to predict good outcome in family-based treatment, but little is known about who responds quickly. Objective The purpose of the current study was to examine the short-term weight gain trajectories among youth receiving partial hospitalization program services for anorexia nervosa (AN), and to identify predictors of these trajectories. Method Adolescent and young adults (n = 102) with AN or subthreshold AN completed semi-structured interviews and self-report measures on admission to a family-based partial hospitalization program. Patients participated in programming 5 days a week. Results Three weight gain trajectories were found to indicate slow, moderate, and rapid weight gain trajectories. All rapid responders gained at least four lbs. in the first 4 weeks of treatment, compared to 86.1% of moderate responders and 51.2% of slow responders. Patients were less likely to have a moderate or rapid response trajectory if they had a mood disorder diagnosis and higher parental expressed emotion. Additionally, the presence of compensatory behavior increased the likelihood of having a rapid response. Discussion Despite the sometimes chronic nature of AN, most patients fell into one of the two favorable response trajectories. The identification of these trajectories underscores the importance of considering the core disordered eating behaviors (i.e., restricting, binge eating, and purging), comorbid psychopathology, and parental expressed emotion.
Science Versus the Bible: Debating T.H. Huxley

Gladstone debated T.H. Huxley on two separate occasions in the British review Nineteenth Century. The disputes eventually became part of the lore in the modern war between science and religion. Americans were divided both about Gladstone’s attempts to harmonize the Bible with modern science and about his methods of biblical interpretation. For Catholics and conservative evangelicals alike, he emerged as an effective defender of the faith. Unitarian and progressive-orthodox opinion, however, considered his efforts a setback to the cause of faith. Theological liberals shared neither his explanations nor his belief that the Bible contained revealed truth about science. Peterson makes it clear that Gladstone was no biblical fundamentalist, but also reveals that his views had become passe in elite academic circles. The era of the amateur naturalist was over.
Weak-Barrier Coverage with Adaptive Sensor Rotation

Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in environment, climate, animal monitoring, surveillance, and also in the medical field. When deploying sensors to monitor boundaries of battlefields or country borders, sensors are usually dispersed from an aircraft following a predetermined path. In such scenarios sensing gaps are usually unavoidable. We consider a wireless network consisting of randomly deployed sensor nodes and directional border nodes deployed using a random line-based deployment model. In this paper we propose an adaptive distributed algorithm for weak-barrier coverage that allows border nodes to dynamically compute their orientation based on notifications from the sensor nodes, such that to increase the number of intruders detected by the border nodes. We use simulations to analyze the performance of our algorithm and to compare it with a non-adaptive gap mending algorithm.
The Johannine Renaissance in Early Modern English Literature and Theology

Paul Cefalu’s The Johannine Renaissance in Early Modern English Literature and Theology is an ambitious work with a revisionist focus and a welcome addition to early modern literary and theological...
The Possibilities of Grace amid Persistent Depression

Chronic and recurring depression presents challenges to theologians working on the doctrine of grace. First, its frequent misrepresentation inhibits accurate perceptions of God’s loving presence in...
The depredation of Mountain White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) nests by the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis) and long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata)

The identities of avian nest predators remain unknown in many systems. The Mountain White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) is a high-elevation ground-nesting passerine for which only 4 of 15 suspected nest predator species have been confirmed. In this short communication, we confirm 2 previously suspected but unverified nest predators of Z. l. oriantha that were video recorded during the 2016 and 2017 summer breeding seasons. These nest depredation events include a golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis) in 2016 and a long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) in 2017. Both predators were recorded removing nestlings.
Observations on Corporate Governance in the Asian Crisis

“Right now, we are living in a world of rising equity and bond markets, and a rising tide raises all ships. The legal environment makes little difference because management and shareholders are on the same side. But when the current atmosphere subsides and markets decline, investors will have to think seriously about how they can recoup their losses when trouble comes.”
Demystifying the use of mail survey in developing countries: a case of Nepal

The mail survey is a popular data collection tool in developed countries, but little is known about its use and efficacy in developing countries. Grounded on social exchange and diffusion of innova...
Disk and File Management

Database engines keep their data on persistent storage devices such as disks and flash drives. This chapter investigates the properties of these devices and considers techniques (such as RAID) that can improve their speed and reliability. It also examines the two interfaces that the operating system provides for interacting with these devices—a block-level interface and a file-level interface—and proposes a combination of the two interfaces that is most appropriate for a database system. Finally, it considers the SimpleDB file manager in detail, studying its API and its implementation.
Support Recovery for Sparse Signals With Unknown Non-Stationary Modulation

The problem of estimating a sparse signal from low dimensional noisy observations arises in many applications, including super resolution, signal deconvolution, and radar imaging. In this paper, we consider a sparse signal model with non-stationary modulations, in which each dictionary atom contributing to the observations undergoes an unknown, distinct modulation. By applying the lifting technique, under the assumption that the modulating signals live in a common subspace, we recast this sparse recovery and non-stationary blind demodulation problem as the recovery of a column-wise sparse matrix from structured linear observations, and propose to solve it via block $\ell _{1}$ -norm regularized quadratic minimization. Due to observation noise, the sparse signal and modulation process cannot be recovered exactly. Instead, we aim to recover the sparse support of the ground truth signal and bound the recovery errors of the signal's non-zero components and the modulation process. In particular, we derive sufficient conditions on the sample complexity and regularization parameter for exact support recovery and bound the recovery error on the support. Numerical simulations verify and support our theoretical findings, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in the application of single molecule imaging.
How the brain negotiates divergent executive processing demands: Evidence of network reorganization during fleeting brain states

During performance in everyday contexts, multiple networks draw from shared executive resources to maintain attention, regulate arousal, and problem solve. At times, requirements for attention and self-regulation appear to be in competition for a "limited pool" of resources. How does the brain attempt to resolve conflicts arising from multiple processing demands? In the present study, participants were exposed to either a stress or control prime, after which electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded as they solved math problems. Phase-locking was examined within four networks implicated in math-solving and evaluative stress: frontopareital (FP), default mode (DM), emotion generation (EG), and emotion regulation (ER) networks. Findings revealed differing strategies, depending on the presence of stress: states dominated by frontopareital and emotion regulation network dynamics supported optimum performance generally, while during stress, states dominated by emotion regulation and default mode networks are more important for performance. Implications for networks9 cooperative dynamics and DMN9s role in coping are considered.
Structuring First-Year Retention at a Regional Public Institution: Validating and Refining Bowman’s SEM Analysis

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) considering how students’ non-cognitive attributes influence first-year college student persistence remain extraordinarily rare – as are studies that test and expand upon published structural models or studies that include college student food security. This study addresses each. We surveyed “Beginner” Freshmen, capturing eight non-cognitive measurements and using institutional data on performance and fall-to-fall persistence measures. We then tested the Bowman et al.’s (2019) SEM model. In Model 1, we mimic the Bowman model’s financial variable by only including financial stress. We confirm that Bowman is a good structural model of student persistence, although our data were collected for another purpose, using different scales for non-cognitive elements and even one different non-cognitive measurement. We found students’ non-cognitive attributes remain importantly influential to social adjustment (r=.65), commitment to persist (r=.40), college GPA (r=.25), and fall-to-fall persistence (r=.30). In Model 2, we generated a latent financial health variable including financial stress and food security. Including food security generated a direct influence from the financial health variable to high-school GPA (r=.25), not found in the Bowman model or Model 1, and a direct significant relationship from financial health to social adjustment (r=.11) – not found in Model 1. Further changes are observed in the indirect relationship from financial health to college GPA from Model 1 (r=.29) to Model 2 (r=.51). We highlight the robustness of the Bowman model and that the inclusion of food security brings increased strength to several relationships without sacrificing optimal fit.
Effects of a Generic Store on Cavity Resonance at Supersonic Speeds

Supersonic flow over a cavity, such as the open internal bay of a tactical aircraft, involves a variety of fluid dynamics mechanisms and different types of instabilities, including those associated...
Simultaneous adsorption of acidic and basic dyes onto magnetized polypeptidylated-Hb composites

Abstract Magnetized, polypeptidylated hemoglobin prepared through ring-opening polymerization and chemical co-precipitation was used for simultaneous adsorption of acidic and basic dyes (methyl orange, rhodamine B, and crystal violet) from aqueous solution. Kinetic and isotherm studies were conducted with an adsorbent dose of 2 g/L, a 24 h equilibration time and at room temperature in a ternary system. Multicomponent adsorption of the dyes was found to follow pseudo-second order kinetics while isotherm studies were evaluated using two-parameter models: Langmuir and Freundlich. The Langmuir adsorption capacity was found to be 15.2, 19.7, 14.8 mg/g for methyl orange, rhodamine B and crystal violet, respectively. The adsorbent was found to be stable (iron leachate not detectable) under neutral conditions except under extreme acidic conditions. Further, the dye desorbing regeneration treatment indicated the adsorption capacity was not substantially diminished after multiple cycles.
A study on labelling of pythagorean neutrosophic fuzzy graphs

Pythagorean neutrosophic fuzzy set comprises elements with dependent membership (µ), non-membership (σ) and independent indeterminacy (β) functions with the flexibility 0 ≤ µ2 + β2 + σ2 ≤ 2. Pythagorean neutrosophic fuzzy graph is a new concept emerged by combining the concept of Pythagorean neutrosophic fuzzy set and fuzzy graph theory. In this paper, the authors present the labelling of Pythagorean neutrosophic fuzzy graphs and investigate their properties.
Chromium-Bearing Waste Slag: Evaluation of Leachability When Exposed to Simulated Acid Precipitation

Waste slag dumps constitute a large potential source of chromium contamination of groundwaters, particularly under the enhanced leaching action of acid precipitation. Laboratory leaching experiments were carried out to determine the composition factors controlling the chromium leachability of waste slags when exposed to acidic solutions designed to simulate acid precipitation. Two critical slag composition factors were found to control the chromium leachability: the calcium oxide (CaO)/silicon dioxide (SiO/sub 2/) ratio and the magnesium content. It was determined that above a 2.0 CaO/SiO/sub 2/ ratio, chromium exists in slag as calcium chromite, which can be vulnerable to leaching by acid precipitation, especially if it is oxidized to calcium chromate when exposed to the environment over an extended period. Experimental results showed that maximum chromium leachability from industrial slags occurred when the composition of the slag was at about a 2.0 CaO/SiO/sub 2/ ratio. Between a 1.0 and 2.0 CaO/SiO/sub 2/ ratio, in the presence of sufficient magnesium, picrochromite (MgO X Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/) was formed, which is very stable towards oxidation and was resistant to dissolution by simulated acid precipitation.
Accurate left ventricle apex position and boundary estimation from noisy ventriculograms

Describes a methodology by which more accurate end-diastole and end-systole left ventricle boundaries can be automatically computed from the initial boundaries generated by a left ventricle pixel-based classifier. First, the end-diastole boundary is estimated from the boundary produced by a pixel-based classifier. Then the end-systole apex position is estimated from the end-diastole boundary. The end-systole boundary is then estimated using the end-systole boundaries produced by classifier and the estimated end-systole apex position. The methodology also permits a fusing of left ventricle boundary estimates produced by different techniques using a greedy algorithm. The authors used two different boundary estimation techniques having mean errors of 3.631 mm and 3.599 mm with standard deviation of 3.418 mm and 3.376 mm. The corresponding fused boundary has a mean error of 3.471 mm with standard deviation of 3.277 mm. The initial boundary produced by classifier had a mean error of 6.4 mm with an error of 8.5 mm in apex zone.
Editorial: Miles to Go on the SCENIC Route: Should Chromoendoscopy Become the Standard of Care in IBD Surveillance?

Editorial: Miles to Go on the SCENIC Route: Should Chromoendoscopy Become the Standard of Care in IBD Surveillance?
Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration

(1985). Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 18-40.
Measurement of an Emission Cross Section for the Collision Reaction H + + N 2 ( X 1 Σ g + , v = 0 ) → H ( 3 p , 3 d ) + N 2 + ( B 2 Σ u + , v = 0 ) Using Photon-Coincidence Techniques

The measurement of the cross section for the emission of a Balmer-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and a $\mathrm{N}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$(0, 0) first-negative-band photon from a hydrogen atom and a $\mathrm{N}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ molecule excited simultaneously in the same ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ + ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ electron-capture collision has been performed in the proton velocity range from 0.54 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{8}$ cm/sec to 2.40 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{8}$ cm/sec. The measurement has been accomplished using the technique of single photon-coincidence detection. To within the random error of the experiment, the cross section has only a single-peak structure with a maximum value of 1.2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at a velocity of 1.15 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{8}$ cm/sec. The magnitude and shape of the measured cross section is found to be in good agreement with a cross section calculated by assuming that final-state excitations of the two product systems are uncorrelated.
Phosphorylation of Chlamydomonas flagellar proteins

Publisher Summary Phosphorylation can be studied in vivo using [ 32 P]orthophosphoric acid, but steady-state labeling of phosphoproteins in vivo depends on the coordinated actions of endogenous protein kinases and phosphatases; the extent of radioactive labeling depends on the rate at which particular phosphate groups turn over and the specific activity of the cellular ATP pool. Cilia and flagella possess a large number of phosphoproteins. In Chlamydomonas , protein phosphorylation might be involved in the regulation of axonemal motility, the photophobic response, flagellar, flagellar signaling during mating, and flagellar glycoprotein dynamic. In vivo labeling with [ 32 P] orthophosphoric acid coupled with two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) has revealed greater than 80 phosphorylated Chlamydomonas axonemal polypeptides, including components of dynein arms, radial spokes, the central pair complex, and beak projections within selected doublet microtubules. The questions that this chapter tries to find answers to are whether the in vivo and in vitro labeling with 32 P produce similar patterns of flagellar protein phosphorylation, and whether labeling varies according to different solution conditions. Significant differences were found among the patterns of flagellar membrane-matrix polypeptides phosphorylated in vitro as a function of the concentration of free Ca 2+ and major differences between the pattern of the membrane-matrix polypeptides phosphorylated in vivo and the pattern of those phosphorylated in vitro by endogenous protein kinases and phosphatases at high or low free Ca 2+ concentrations. Based on the presence of polypeptides phosphorylated in vitro that do not appear to be labeled in vivo and vice versa, it is preferable to perform in vivo phosphorylation. The experiment on in vivo labeling of Chlamydomonas flagellar proteins with [ 32 P] orthophophoric acid details the solutions, cell culture, the labeling, and flagellar fractionation. A typical experiment involving a 60-minute labeling period and 4.5xl0 9 cells yields approximately 300μl of flagellar membrane-matrix extract containing approximately 50,000 cpm/μl extract.
Variation in vital signs resulting from blood component administration in adults.

BACKGROUND Although vital signs are routinely recorded before and after every transfusion, there are few published data on how these variables vary with component administration. Thus, there is very little evidence available to support guidelines that are intended to differentiate “benign” changes in vital signs from transfusion reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation in vitals observed after transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective data were extracted from blood bank records for 3496 component infusions (red blood cells, n = 2359; platelets, n = 478; plasma, n = 659) over a 1-year period. The following were collected: recipient pre- and posttransfusion vital signs (temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure) and whether a transfusion reaction was reported. RESULTS Transfusion was associated with very mild median changes in temperature (approx. 0°C), pulse rate (<5 beats/min), or blood pressure (<5 mmHg) across all components. The transfusion reaction rate reported by clinical teams was 0.5%, but reported temperature changes indicated a higher reaction rate of 2.1% based on institutional criteria. CONCLUSIONS Blood transfusion is not associated with significant changes in recipient vital signs. Our data could be used to develop reference ranges for transfusion-related vital signs. More than 75% of transfusion reactions may not be reported to the blood bank.
Cerenkov luminescence imaging of αvβ6 integrin expressing tumors using 90Y‐labeled peptides

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is an emerging preclinical molecular imaging modality that tracks the radiation emitted in the visible spectrum by fast moving charged decay products of radionuclides. The aim of this study was in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the two radiotracers, (90) Y-DOTA-PEG28 -A20FMDV2 ((90) Y-1) and (90) Y-DOTA-Ahx-A20FMDV2 ((90) Y-2) (>99% radiochemical purity, 3.7 GBq/µmol specific activity) for noninvasive assessment of tumors expressing the integrin αv β6 and their future use in tumor targeted radiotherapy. Cell binding and internalization in αv β6 -positive cells was (90) Y-1: 10.1 ± 0.8%, 50.3 ± 2.1%; (90) Y-2: 22.4 ± 1.7%, 44.7 ± 1.5% with 25% ID/g at 24 h). Because of the lower tumor uptake and high radioactivity accumulation in kidneys (that could not be reduced by pre-administration of either lysine or furosemide), the luminescence signal from the αv β6 -positive tumor was not clearly detectable in CLI images. The studies suggest that CLI is useful for indicating major organ uptake for both radiotracers; however, it reaches its limitation when there is low signal-to-noise ratio.
The Rewards and Stresses of Social Change A Qualitative Study of Peace Activists

Although a number of studies have compared individuals who become activists to those who do not, little is known about the ongoing rewards and struggles experienced by committed activists. The present research, as part of a larger study, specifically assesses the most common rewards and stresses experienced by peace activists. Surveys of 75 current peace activists were analyzed in terms of their most frequent rewarding and stressful experiences. Surprisingly, the community of fellow activists was cited as both the most rewarding and most stressful aspect of being a peace activist. The meaningfulness of peace work emerged as the second most common reward, and success in achieving goals was third. Failure to achieve goals was the second most frequent stressful experience. Results are discussed in terms of (a) interpersonal conflict resolution among peace activists and its implications for their peace work, (b) the ability of peace activists to endure a great deal of stress in the context of their work being...
A Milestoning Study of the Kinetics of an Allosteric Transition: Atomically Detailed Simulations of Deoxy Scapharca Hemoglobin

Atomically detailed simulations are used to compute the kinetics of the R-to-T transition in deoxy Scapharca hemoglobin. A computational approach called milestoning is utilized that combines 1), an efficient reaction path algorithm; and 2), a “fragment and glue” approach for classical trajectories. Milestoning computes the R-to-T transition kinetics on the microsecond timescale based on atomically detailed trajectories that rarely exceed a nanosecond. Eleven reference hypersurfaces (milestones) are constructed along the reaction coordinate, which is computed with a global path optimization algorithm. Two-hundred classical trajectories are calculated for each of the milestones to collect local distributions of first passage times. These local distributions are used in a non-Markovian theory to compute the overall timescale. Exponential enrichment of reactive trajectories, an important component of the milestoning approach, makes these calculations possible. The overall timescale of the reaction is estimated as 10 ± 9 μs, in accord with available experimental data. The barrier is not sharp and is spread over four milestones. Even after the most significant structural changes are completed (phenylalanine F4 ring flips), highly collective and activated motions continue. The calculations suggest an additional late free energy barrier.
History and evolution of primary productivity studies of the Southern Ocean

The main objective of the article is to give an overview of the history and evolution of phytoplankton research in the Southern Ocean during the past century and a half. It traces the evolution of phytoplankton investigations as it went through several phases commencing with intensive collecting and cataloging and leading to the Discovery investigations with its extensive and detailed studies of Southern Ocean phytoplankton. Following, in the footsteps of the Discovery was the USNS Eltanin with its specialized cruises that centered around the study of the ecology of the primary producers and the dynamics of the lower trophic levels of the food chain. Spurred by the findings of the Eltanin cruises and with the growing concern over the impending exploitation of the Antarctic marine living resources, in particular krill, the BIOMASS program was initiated. The program was the first international collaborative effort to study the dynamic functioning of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. The success of the program has rekindled great international interest in the Southern Ocean which resulted in an explosion of programs such as SO-JGOFS, SO-GLOBEC, EPOS, and several others. In recent years, there has been a major shift in phytoplankton research in the Southern Ocean. This was in response to worldwide concern over the effects of global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion on species diversity, primary production and ecosystem function. This has led to process-oriented programs to study phenomena and processes of global significance in which Antarctica and its surrounding seas play key roles.
Total maxillary necrosis following severe facial injury. A case report

Abstract Necrosis of the maxilla is virtually unrecorded in the literature. We report a case of a severe facial injury complicated by profuse haemorrhage and infection resulting in the necrosis of the maxilla.
A distributed tactical battle-data transaction management system

In this paper, we focus on aspects of an experimental distributed database system design intended for support of applications with limits on the response time for set requests. A set request is one in which several data items are needed but in no particular order. One application where set requests with specific response time requirements occur routinely is in Advanced Tactical Battle Management (ATBM). In the ATBM system transactions must be able to meet specific time constraints and deadlines. Standard concurrency control techniques in distributed database system designs involve blocking to control interference. Blocking transactions until concurrent updates complete can cause performance delays which are unacceptable. Queries may need to be answered immediately using available information and extrapolation techniques to compensate for missing values. To meet these needs, we have developed several nonblocking concurrency control methods.
Nuclear relaxation in the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic chain compound Sr 2 CuO 3 : Comparison between theories and experiments

The NMR relaxation data on Sr_2CuO_3 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4612 (1996)] are reexamined and compared with the analytic theory of the dynamic susceptibility in the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain including multiplicative logarithmic corrections [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 539 (1997); cond-mat/9610015]. Comparisons of the spin-lattice and the gaussian spin-echo decay rates (1/T_1 and 1/T_{2G}) and their ratio all show good quantitative agreement. Our results demonstrate the importance of the logarithmic corrections in the analysis of experimental data for quasi-1D systems and indicate that the dynamics of Sr_2CuO_3 is well described by a S=1/2 one-dimensional Heisenberg model with a nearest neighbor exchange.
Pharmacological Factors in the Saliva of Blood-Feeding Insects: Implications for Vesicular Stomatitis Epidemiology

Abstract: Vesicular stomatitis (VS) epizootics in the Western United States have caused substantial economic losses to U.S. livestock industries in 1995, 1997, and 1998. The role of arthropods in transmitting VS to U.S. livestock is unclear. In particular, the impact of arthropod salivary gland factors in VS infections in livestock needs study. Pharmacological effects of arthropod salivary gland factors on animals are reviewed. The potential effects of arthropod saliva on the transmission and spread of VS virus to livestock in the Western U.S. is presented with emphasis on the biting midge, Culicoides sonorensis. Information is discussed with attention to vector potential of C. sonorensis, and its use as a model for evaluating insect salivary gland pharmacology on livestock response to VS.
Catheter ablation for cold water swallowing–induced paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A case report

Introduction Coumel et al initially reported that activation of the cardiac vagal nerve initiates paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Swallowing of cold substances is one of the reasons for the situational neurally mediated syncope associated with hypervagotonia. Although this is a rare phenomenon, several reports indicate that the ingestion of cold substances can induce vagally mediated AF. Cold substances can stimulate the cardiac parasympathetic nerve during ingestion, because the esophagus is located adjacent to the left atrial posterior wall. The third fat pad, containing the gate keeper ganglia of the cardiac parasympathetic nerve, is located at the junction of the superior vena cava (SVC), right atrial (RA) septum, and ascending aorta. Here, we report a case of cold water swallowing–induced paroxysmal AF, successfully treated by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) on the SVC and RA septum. We carefully mapped the initial triggers of AF on the SVC and RA septum by asking our patient to drink cold water and then successfully ablated them.
Measurement of electrical currents emerging during the regeneration of amputated finger tips in children

Measurements were made on 10 children who had finger tip amputations. They were made at 1 to 7 day intervals until 2 successive zero readings were obtained. The injured finger was immersed in physiologically normal saline for approximately 2/3 of its length, and the probe was moved across the surface of the wound. The currents recorded a remarkable similarity to those obtained by Borgens et al. (1977) on salamanders, rising to a peak average current density of 22 mu A cm-2 after an average of 8 days.
Reality and Existentialism in House of Leaves

House of Leaves, by Mark Z. Danielewski, is a novel first published in 2000 that has since developed notoriety in literary circles for its arguably unique experimentation with a multi-layered plot, varied visual typography, and multi-media format. Despite being widely read and influential over the past decade, little scholarly analysis has been done on House of Leaves. As House of Leaves could represent an entire new genre of literature, it is important that we understand its themes and the ways in which various writerly techniques function within the novel. In this paper, I analyze House of Leaves through an existential lens, specifically utilizing the ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus to examine the psyche of one of the novel’s main characters, Johnny Truant. In addition to primary sources by Danielewski, Sartre and Camus, I employ a 2002 analysis of House of Leaves by Katherine N. Hayles to aid my research. I conclude that Johnny’s story, and House of Leaves as a whole, breaks down traditional notions of reality, but retains existential hope for individuals who are able to find a purpose in life, even if that “purpose” is necessarily subjective. My analysis presents an original take on House of Leaves, and contains wider implications for future novels that emulate its experimental style. Past analyses have focused on post-modern aspects of House of Leaves, but I analyze it through an existential lens. Beyond adding to the body of work on House of Leaves, my existential take on an otherwise post-modern text may prove influential to analyses of other “post-modern” novels in the future.
The rhetoric of oracles

Abstract The pronouncements of the Delphic oracle, when employed in the Athenian boulos as guidelines for political policy, broke down traditional distinctions between myth and reason. Self and Other, and fate and agency. An examination of the public life of the Delphic oracle as recorded by rhetoricians such as Gorgias, Plato, Arisotle, and Isocrates suggests that Ancient Greek rhetoric, in praxis, resisted logical dichotomization and fostered holistic self‐fashioning via civic action. This study of the Pythias pronouncements serves as a cautionary tale for attempts to discipline rhetoric in the modern academy. It also recuperates crucial historical texts authored by women into the Greek rhetorical canon.
Direct T cell-tumour interaction triggers TH1 phenotype activation through the modification of the mesenchymal stromal cells transcriptional programme.

Direct T cell–tumour interaction triggers T H 1 phenotype activation through the modification of the mesenchymal stromal cells transcriptional programme
Dissociation Between Force and Calcium after a Step Change in Frequency

The force frequency response (FFR) is one of the major physiological regulators which govern alterations in contractile function in the body in which an increase in frequency of pacing leads to an increase in force production and a decrease in rate of contractile kinetics. Typically studies on FFR have been conducted at steady state where the changes in contractile function have been elicited by changes in myofilament phosphorylation. Here we aim to determine the role of alterations in calcium homeostasis and myofilament sensitization during the transition from one steady state of contractile function to another.Trabeculae, excised from the right ventricular free wall of New Zealand white rabbits were loaded with Rhod-AM calcium indicator dye and stimulated to contract from 1 to 4 Hz. Data was analyzed through customized Labview software.We hypothesize that the transition from one steady state to another occurs in two phases; the rapid/early phase is due to increases in calcium transient amplitude and diastolic calcium levels, and the gradual/latent phase is due to alterations in phosphorylation state of myofilament proteins such as troponin I (TnI) and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2). During our experiments we are able to measure calcium and developed force simultaneously. Despite previous studies which show alterations in myofilament calcium sensitivity occurring at steady state, we are able to show that during the immediate phase calcium and force change with each other, while at the latent phase there is an increase in diastolic calcium level that is not paralleled by the diastolic force. This suggests a myofilament desensitization during this latent phase that is not seen in the early transitory period as originally thought.
Exploring the Genetic Basis of Variation in Gene Predictions with a Synthetic Association Study

Identifying DNA polymorphisms that affect molecular processes like transcription, splicing, or translation typically requires genotyping and experimentally characterizing tissue from large numbers of individuals, which remains expensive and time consuming. Here we introduce an alternative strategy: a “synthetic association study” in which we computationally predict molecular phenotypes on artificial genomes containing randomly sampled combinations of polymorphic alleles, and perform a classical association study to identify genotypes underlying variation in these computationally predicted annotations. We applied this method to characterize the effects on gene structure of 32,792 single-nucleotide polymorphisms between two strains of the antibiotic producing fungus Penicilium chrysogenum. Although these SNPs represent only 0.1 percent of the nucleotides in the genome, they collectively altered 1.8 percent of predicted gene models between these strains. To determine which SNPs or combinations of SNPs were responsible for this variation, we predicted protein-coding genes in 500 intermediate genomes, each identical except for randomly chosen alleles at each SNP position. Of 30,468 gene models in the genome, 557 varied across these 500 genomes. 226 of these polymorphic gene models (40%) were perfectly correlated with individual SNPs, all of which were within or immediately proximal to the affected gene. The genetic architectures of the other 321 were more complex, with several examples of SNP epistasis that would have been difficult to predict a priori. We expect that many of the SNPs that affect computational gene structure reflect a biologically unrealistic sensitivity of the gene prediction algorithm to sequence changes, and we propose that genome annotation algorithms could be improved by minimizing their sensitivity to natural polymorphisms. However, many of the SNPs we identified are likely to affect transcript structure in vivo, and the synthetic association study approach can be easily generalized to any computed genome annotation to uncover relationships between genotype and important molecular phenotypes.
Analysis of calcium ion homeostasis and mitochondrial function in cerebellar granule cells of adult CaV 2.1 calcium ion channel mutant mice.

Cav 2.1 voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) are highly expressed by cerebellar neurons, and their dysfunction is linked to human disorders including familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Altered calcium homeostasis, due to dysfunctional Cav 2.1 VGCC can severely affect mitochondrial function, eventually leading to neuronal cell death. We study leaner and tottering mice, which carry autosomal recessive mutations in the gene coding for the α1A pore-forming subunit of Cav 2.1 VGCC. Both leaner and tottering mice exhibit cerebellar ataxia and epilepsy. Excessive leaner cerebellar granule cell (CGC) death starts soon after postnatal day 10, but it is not known whether the degree of CGC cell death observed in adult leaner mice is significantly different from wild type mice. We used Fluoro-Jade and TUNEL staining to quantify apoptotic cell death in leaner and wild type CGC. We investigated calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated CGC, using indicator dyes Fura-2AM, TMRM and CMH2DCFDA, respectively. We observed a small but significant increase in number of apoptotic adult leaner CGC. Calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function also were altered in leaner CGC. However, no significant differences in ROS levels were observed. It is possible that CGC death in leaner mice may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction but may not be directly related to decreased basal intracellular calcium.
Relationship between fibronectin expression during gastrulation and heart formation in the rat embryo.

By utilizing myosin immunostaining, we were able to identify early rat myocardium as a thin epithelial sheet and realized that its cohesive movement toward the midline leads to the straight heart tube formation. Localization study of fibronectin mRNA and protein was, therefore, carried out to investigate its tissue origin and possible roles in facilitating mesoderm migration and heart formation. Fibronectin mRNAs were first detected throughout the mesoderm during the early primitive streak stage, suggesting that the mesoderm is the source of fibronectin. By pre-head fold (pre-somite) and head fold (early somite) stages, the mesoderm became largely down-regulated for fibronectin mRNAs, while it was also at these stages when myosin-positive myocardium formed itself into the epithelium and was subsequently folding toward the midline. Thus, there appears to be little fibronectin synthesis during and directly relevant to early heart tube formation. Later, during the early straight heart tube stage (5 somite and older), endocardium became highly positive for fibronectin mRNAs, suggesting that the endocardium is the major source of fibronectin for the cardiac jelly. Based on the results, we present a map for the early mammalian heart in which the heart is a single crescentic band lying in front of the prechordal plate. We also suggest a process for heart tube formation based on the cohesive movement of the myocardial epithelium. During heart tube formation, fibronectin protein had been deposited previously by the mesoderm and was found uniformly in the ECM and not newly produced by any adjacent tissue. The data contradict the endodermal guidance of heart migration by fibronectin gradient and suggest, instead, a permissive role for the fibronectin substrate. © 1995 wiley-Liss, Inc.
Educational Attainment in New and Established Latino Metropolitan Destinations

Objective. This study examines the educational attainment of Latinos who immigrated to the United States by age 12. We compare the educational attainment of Latino immigrants in established and emerging Latino immigrant gateway cities in order to identify whether there are any significant differences in educational attainment between immigrants in these two gateways types and why such differences might exist. Methods. We employ OLS regression using the 2000 5% Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample. Results. Our results suggest that contrary to speculation, educational attainment among Latino immigrants is significantly higher in new Latino destinations than in established Latino metropolitan areas, although much of the difference is mediated by demographic factors. Migration history, English proficiency, ethnicity, and citizenship status account for a substantial portion of the differences in educational attainment between destination types. The migration history of these immigrants suggests a selection effect: only those immigrants who are relative newcomers to their new Latino destination have significantly higher educational attainment than those in established metropolitan areas. Conclusions. We find that educational attainment among Latino immigrants is higher in new Latino destinations. Our study suggests that more highly educated Latino immigrants are choosing new Latino destinations, while longer-term immigrant residents of new destinations are faring no better (in terms of educational levels) than those in established destinations. English proficiency, ethnicity, and citizenship status are confirmed as factors strongly associated with educational attainment among immigrants.
A mass-conserving vorticity-velocity formulation with application to nonreacting and reacting flows

In a commonly implemented version of the vorticity-velocity formulation, the governing equations for the fluid dynamics are expressed as two Poisson-like velocity equations together with the vorticity transport equation. However, for some flows with large vorticity gradients, spurious mass loss or gain can be observed. In order to conserve mass, a modification to the vorticity-velocity formulation is proposed, involving the substitution of the kinematic definition of vorticity in certain terms of the fluid-dynamic equations. This modified formulation results in a broader computational stencil when the equations are in a second-order-accurate discretized form, and a stronger coupling between the predicted vorticity and the curl of the predicted velocity field. The resulting system of elliptic equations - which includes the energy and species transport equations for the reacting flow case - is discretized with finite differences on a nonstaggered grid and is then solved using Newton's method. Both the unmodified and modified vorticity-velocity formulations are applied to two problems with high vorticity gradients: (1) incompressible, axisymmetric fluid flow through a suddenly expanding pipe and (2) a confined, axisymmetric laminar flame with detailed chemistry and multicomponent transport, generated on a burner whose inner tube extends above the burner surface. The modified formulation effectively eliminates the spurious mass loss in the two test cases to within an acceptable tolerance. The two cases demonstrate the broader range of applicability of the modified formulation, as compared with the unmodified formulation.
Mechanically Activated Integrin Switch Controls α5β1 Function

The cytoskeleton, integrin-mediated adhesion, and substrate stiffness control a common set of cell functions required for development and homeostasis that are often deranged in cancer. The connection between these mechanical elements and chemical signaling processes is not known. Here, we show that α 5 β 1 integrin switches between relaxed and tensioned states in response to myosin II–generated cytoskeletal force. Force combines with extracellular matrix stiffness to generate tension that triggers the integrin switch. This switch directly controls the α 5 β 1 -fibronectin bond strength through engaging the synergy site in fibronectin and is required to generate signals through phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. In the context of tissues, this integrin switch connects cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix mechanics to adhesion-dependent motility and signaling pathways.
Social Influences on Judgments of Rape Victims: The Role of the Negative and Positive Social Reactions of Others

An experimental study examined whether judgments about a rape victim can be influenced by the social reactions of others, and whether this effect would be moderated by the type of rape (stranger or date rape) or by the gender of the participants. One hundred and ten U.S. college students (90% white; 59% female) responded to rape vignettes in which the type of rape and the social reactions received by the victim (negative, positive, or neutral) were manipulated. People exposed to negative social reactions made less positive judgments. Men and people who read about a date rape also made less positive judgments, but neither variable interacted with type of reactions to impact judgments.
A boundary element method for stress reduction by optimal auxiliary holes

Stress concentration reduction in a plate with a hole is accomplished by introducing optimally sized and placed circular holes. This paper presents a method based on boundary elements and mathematical programming to determine these auxiliary holes. The mathematical programming method consists of a modified Newton's method and subsequent parallel tangents method (PARTAN). A solution is presented for an elliptical hole in a tension strip.
Polyploid Stenotaphrum germplasm : resistance to the polyploid damaging population southern chinch bug

(...)Resistant clones were detected based on reduced southern chinch bug longevity, oviposition rate and excrement production, compared with Floratam. The most resistant clones were PI 365031, a pembagrass [S. dimidiatum (L.) Brongn.], and FX-2, FX-10 and FX-33 (intercrosses of polyploid S. secundatum from Africa). They supported low PDP southern chinch bug oviposition (≤5 eggs/female/wk and ≤25 eggs/lifetime).(...)