cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rothia dentocariosa Endocarditis Complicated by Perivalvular Abscess

A 35-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use developed endocarditis due to Rothia dentocariosa that was complicated by a perivalvular abscess. Despite combined medical and surgical treatment, abscess formation progressed following aortic valve replacement, and the patient died during a second operative procedure. This is the sixth case of Rothia dentocariosa endocarditis reported in the English-language literature, and to our knowledge, the only case in which a perivalvular abscess has been documented.
Radiation physiology of fruit—Respiration during and immediately following kilorad doses of ionizing radiation

Abstract Several variables were incorporated in experiments designed to study the respiration of fruit undergoing irradiation. These included fruit type, fruit maturity, atmospheric composition before and during irradiation, and absorbed dose. Radiation induced an immediate rise in respiration rate which continued to increase with prolonged exposure. The respiration response was not linear with dose, however, suggesting a transition zone in the tissue tolerance for radiation. With increasing physiological age the respiratory response both during and immediately following exposure was markedly reduced and may also reflect radiation tolerance. Anaerobic pre-treatment and irradiation did not appreciably change the post-irradiation respiratory pattern suggesting the prevalence of direct radiation damage. It was further shown that the immediate respiratory response to ionizing radiation was not mediated by radiation products external to the fruit. Radiobiological and metabolic implications of the data are discussed.
Self-assessment in Problem-based Groups

Medical students in a tutorial program rated themselves in Year 1 and again in Year 2 on Knowledge, Reasoning, Communication and Interpersonal Skills. Student and tutor ratings were similar in Year 1 but different in Year 2. Both self and tutor ratings increased from Year 1 to Year 2 but self-ratings were independent of achievement while tutor ratings were related to achievement. Possible reasons for these results were discussed with reference to the learning goals of the tutorials.
Mathematical Generation Of Three-Dimensional Phantoms And Corresponding Cone-Beam X-Ray Projections

We describe the mathematical procedures needed to generate three-dimensional phantoms and corresponding simulated radiographic data for an arrangement of cone-beam x-ray sources and two-dimensional detector arrays. The techniques described here are being used to test fully three-dimensional cone-beam reconstruction algorithms for application to dynamic spatial reconstructor type machines.
Nonlinear optical properties of nipi superlattices

ABSTRACT Two issues relevant to the nonlinear optical properties of nipi-type superlattices are discussed. First, an experimental comparison of photoinduced changes in the absorption coefficients of nipi, hetero-nipi, and heterostructure superlattices is presented. This shows the characteristic differences between those structures that make use of the modulationof internal electric fields and those that operate solely on the basis of free carrier effects. It is shown that the modulation ofinternal electric fields gives rise to large optical nonlinearities at low optical power levels. Second, a model that describes thelateral distribution of photoinjected charge carriers in an inhomogeneously excited nipi-type superlattice is discussed. It isshown that lateral drift dominates over diffusion, and that the characteristic drift length is large. 1 . INTRODUCTIONThe electro-optical and nonlinear optical properties of nipi-type semiconductor superlattices have met with increasing interest in recent years. This can be attributed in part to interesting physical phenomena that can be studied with these
Reproductive patterns in galagos (Galago zanzibaricus and Galago garnettii) in relation to climatic variability.

The reproductive patterns (birth seasonality, litter size, litters per year) of two sympatric species of galago (Galago zanzibaricus and G. garnettii) were studied in a coastal forest in Kenya for a two-year period. Trap-retrap and radio tracking methods were employed. G. zanzibaricus has one infant twice per year; G. garnettii has one infant once per year. Both species are seasonal breeders. These East African galagos are intermediate in reproductive patterns when compared with galagos from South African woodland (G. senegalensis moholi and G. crassicaudatus umbrosis) and West African rainforest (G. alleni and G. demidovii). Climatic patterns (total annual rainfall, seasonal variability of rainfall, variability in total annual rainfall, and annual temperature variability) are also compared for the three regions. Climatically, East Africa is intermediate between West and South Africa in total annual rainfall and in seasonality of rainfall, but not in year-to-year variability in rainfall. East Africa shows the highest variability in annual rainfall. South Africa has the coldest dry seasons and highest variability in temperatures. The results of this study suggest that "r-selection" and "K-selection" do not provide adequate explanations of galago reproductive patterns.
An Algorithm for the Quillen-Suslin Theorem for Quotients of Polynomial Rings by Monomial Ideals

This paper presents an algorithm for the Quillen?Suslin Theorem for quotients of polynomial rings by monomial ideals, that is, quotients of the form A=kx0, . . . ,xn ]/I, with I a monomial ideal and k a field. Vorst proved that finitely generated projective modules over such algebras are free. Given a finitely generated module P, described by generators and relations, the algorithm tests whether P is projective, in which case it computes a free basis forP .
Analysis of blood sugars in the crayfish, Orconectes virilis☆

Abstract Pooled blood filtrates obtained from crayfish collected in the fall and again in early yielded reducing values of approximately 50 mg/100 ml. Individual values ranged from 4·8 to as high as 75 mg/100 ml. The glucose component represented from less than 1·0 to 19·8 mg/100 ml and is a smaller fraction of the total blood sugar in premolt animals (gastrolith formation) than it is in intermolt or late intermolt. Chromatographic analysis demonstrated the presence of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose and a galactan derivative. The presence of trehalose could not be determined with certainty; amino sugars and acetyl-amino sugars could not be demonstrated. No quantitative nor qualitative difference was evident when blood from fall and spring animals was compared
Specificity in Thermal Hydrolysis of Triglycerides

SUMMARY— Samples of triglycerides and triglyceride mixtures were heated in the presence of water under controlled conditions and the released fatty acids quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. Experiments with both a mixture of monoacyl-triglycerides and glycerides with equimolar amounts of randomly distributed fatty acids showed a preference for the hydrolysis of the shorter chain and the unsaturated fatty acids. The C4, C8, C12, and C18:1, fatty acids were used in the above mixtures. A trilaurin, in which the fatty acid in the P-position is labelled with C14, was synthesized. When the free acids released by heat were analyzed by a combination gas chromatographic-radioactivity detector system, no evidence for a positional specificity was apparent.
Work in progress - Engineering Leadership Program: Tracking leadership development of students using personalized portfolios

The engineering leadership program was started at Iowa State University in 2006 to inspire altruistic leadership in engineering students. The program uses a cohort model to promote leadership development of students who pursue co-curricular and innovative curricular opportunities throughout the undergraduate years, starting from the first year. A collaboratively crafted competency based leadership learning model is the framework for engineering leadership program activities and assessment. Students within the program are using a locally designed electronic portfolio system to track their progression, using the leadership model competencies to guide their leadership development. The tracking of competency development for individual scholars through the personal portfolio system was presented.
A new model for scheduling packet radio networks

Packet radio networks are modeled as arbitrary graphs by most researchers. We show that an arbitrary graph is an inaccurate model of the radio networks. This is true because there exists a large class of graphs which will not model the radio networks. Radio networks can be modeled accurately by a restricted class of graphs called the planar point graphs. Since the radio networks can accurately be modeled only by a restricted class of graphs, the NP-completeness results for scheduling using an arbitrary graph as the model, do not correctly reflect the complexity of the problem. We study the broadcast scheduling problem using the restricted class as the model. We show that the problem remains NP-complete even in this restricted domain. We give an O(nlogn) algorithm when all the transceivers are located on a line. We restrict our attention to static allocation in general and TDMA in particular. However, it may be noted that the results presented are also valid for other static allocation schemes.
Performance and properties of Q-Statistic monitoring schemes

In this article, we study the Shewhart chart of Q statistics proposed for the detection of process mean shifts in start-up processes and short runs. Exact expressions for the run-length distribution of this chart are derived and evaluated using an efficient computational procedure. The procedure can be considerably faster than using direct simulation. We extend our work to analyze the practice of requiring multiple signals from the chart before responding, a practice sometimes followed with Shewhart charts. The results show that waiting to receive multiple signals severely reduces the probability of quickly detecting shifts in certain cases, and therefore may be considered a risky practice. Operational guidelines for practitioners implementing the chart are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Effect of Coarse Aggregate on the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Pervious Concrete

Pervious concrete is becoming more common as a storm-water management tool in freeze-thaw climates. One of the main concerns or obstacles preventing a more widespread application is the aspect of freeze-thaw durability, whether perceived or actual. This paper describes a series of tests designed to determine the specific role coarse aggregate has on the freeze-thaw durability of pervious concrete using the ASTM C666A procedure. 17 different coarse aggregate samples were obtained from locations across the United States and Canada. Pervious concrete mixtures were placed using a mixture proportion previously determined as freeze-thaw durable. The range of durable aggregate gradations clearly defined a gradation specification and suggestions are made for optimizing the gradation with a small portion of sand. Mixtures with excellent freeze-thaw performance contained either granite or highly durable river gravel. The impact of aggregate angularity on mixture proportions and ultimate yield is also discussed.
Protein Kinase R Regulates Double-Stranded RNA Induction of TNF-α But Not IL-1β mRNA in Human Epithelial Cells

Epithelial cells represent the initial site of respiratory viral entry and the first line of defense against such infections. This early antiviral response is characterized by an increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. dsRNA, which is a common factor present during the life cycle of both DNA and RNA viruses, is known to induce TNF-α and IL-1β in a variety of cells. In this work we provide data showing that dsRNA treatment induces TNF-α and IL-1β in human lung epithelial cells via two different mechanisms. Our data show that dsRNA activation of dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is associated with induction of TNF-α but not IL-1β expression. An inhibitor of PKR activation blocked the dsRNA-induced elevations in TNF-α but not IL-1β mRNA in epithelial cells. Data obtained from infection of epithelial cells with a vaccinia virus lacking the PKR inhibitory polypeptide, E3L, revealed that PKR activation was essential for TNF-α but not for IL-1β expression. In this report, we provide experimental support for the differential regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression by dsRNA and viral infections in human airway epithelial cells.
Enhancing Social Acceptance of Early Adolescents with Physical Disabilities: effects of role salience, peer interaction, and academic support interventions

The study designed and field-tested the effectiveness of a school-based program for enhancing the social acceptance of early adolescents (i.e., ages 11 to 14 years) with physical disabilities attending ordinary Zimbabwean schools (N=218; Mean age 12.49, SD=1.87 years). Actual (i.e., peer) social acceptance and perceived (i.e., self) social acceptance were considered and for same-gender and opposite-gender groups. The program involved (a) a role salience intervention, (b) a peer interaction intervention, and (c) an academic support intervention, and combinations of the individual interventions. The social enhancement protocols were pilot tested over a three-month period. The main study involved entire classrooms (N=194 classrooms; 8342 students) in order to avoid contamination of the interventions, treat the context of prejudice and enable non-disabled classmates to benefit from participation. Nomination sociometric techniques were used to measure social acceptance, and identify student-preferred school or...
PERFLUOROCHEMICAL EMULSIONS AND RADIATION THERAPY

Solid malignancies are supported by abnormal, deficient vascular beds. Transient and chronic interruptions in blood flow subject some regions in solid tumors to a range of environmental deficiencies, including severe hypoxia. Because 02 is a potent radiosensitizer. hypoxic tumor cells are resistant to radiation and limit the response of tumors to single doses of radiation, fractionated radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. Perfluorochemical emulsions (PFC-E) offer an effective approach for transporting 02 at high partial pressures and delivering 02 to tumor regions which would otherwise be hypoxic. Appropriate combinations of PFC-E and 02, carbogen, or hyperbaric oxygen improve tumor oxygenation, assessed by microelectrodes. 31P-MRS, cytochrome aa3 oxidation, or hemoglobin saturation, and produce concomitant changes in tumor radiosensitivity. A variety of PFC-E, with different formulations, improve the response of experimental tumors to radiation, without compromising the radiation tolerance of critical normal tissues. These studies suggest that adequately intensive regimens using appropriate PFC-E as adjuncts to radiotherapy could improve the treatment of patients with cancer.
The Aesthetic Power of the Fab 5: Discursive Themes of Homonormativity in Queer Eye for the Straight Guy

In a period of more complex and numerous portrayals of homosexual characters in prime-time television, scholars have expressed concern about ostensibly enlightened portrayals that ultimately reinfo...
On estimation and optimization of leakage power in CMOS multipliers

The proliferation of high performance processors has been enabled by shrinking feature sizes in CMOS technology. This reduction in feature sizes enables designers to scale down the supply and threshold voltages accordingly. Although reduced threshold voltage improves the speed of the devices, it also leads to increased static power dissipation. In this paper, the static leakage power characteristics of CMOS multiplier circuits are analyzed as they are the most expensive and slow units in the datapath of a microprocessor. Each of the multipliers (carry-save, bit-array, and Wallace) is implemented at two different technology sizes (65 nm and 45 nm) realized using three different full adders (10 Transistor (10 T) adder, Static energy recovery full adder and Mirror adders). Among the three multipliers, the carry-save multiplier consumed maximum leakage current at both 65 nm and 45 nm technology nodes. The Wallace tree multiplier dissipated minimum leakage current owing to its structure. In order to reduce the leakage current in each of the multiplier circuits, a heuristic approach is proposed to incorporate hybrid adder modules in the final stage of multiplication that forms the critical delay path and also a high static leakage current zone. Placing Mirror adder and 10 T adders alternatively in the final stage yielded better leakage power characteristics.
Characterization of cirrus clouds from multi-pass AVIRIS data

The optical depth and reflectance from thin cirrus clouds are calculated from two passes of AVIRIS over a scene in Florida. One of the passes contained partial cirrus cover, the other did not. Optical depths of 0.2 were calculated and the reflectance of the cloud at 1.38 /spl mu/m was 0.026. The detection limit for cirrus is approximately an order of magnitude less in reflectance. >
Site-directed mutagenesis of the basic residues 321K to 321G in the CP 47 protein of photosystem II alters the chloride requirement for growth and oxygen-evolving activity in Synechocystis 6803.

CP 47, a component of photosystem II (PSII) in higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria, is encoded by the psbB gene. Site-specific mutagenesis has been used to alter a portion of the psbB gene encoding the large extrinsic loop E of CP 47 in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Alteration of a lysine residue occurring at position 321 to glycine produced a strain with altered PSII activity. This strain grew at wild-type rates in complete BG-11 media (480 µM chloride). However, oxygen evolution rates for this mutant in complete media were only 60% of the observed wild-type rates. Quantum yield measurements at low light intensities indicated that the mutant had 66% of the fully functional PSII centers contained in the control strain. The mutant proved to be extremely sensitive to photoinactivation at high light intensities, exhibiting a 3-fold increase in the rate of photoinactivation. When this mutant was grown in media depleted of chloride (30 µM chloride), it lost the ability to grow photoautotrophically while the control strain exhibited a normal rate of growth. The effect of chloride depletion on the growth rate of the mutant was reversed by the addition of 480 µM bromide to the chloride-depleted BG-11 media. In the presence of glucose, the mutant and control strains grew at comparable rates in either chloride-containing or chloride-depleted media. Oxygen evolution rates for the mutant were further depressed (28% of control rates) under chloride-limiting conditions. Addition of bromide restored these rates to those observed under chloride-sufficient conditions. Measurements of the variable fluorescence yield indicated that the mutant assembled fewer functional centers in the absence of chloride. These results indicate that the mutation K321G in CP 47 affects PSII stability and/or assembly under conditions where chloride is limiting.
When do negative response expectancies undermine interracial relations? The role of the Protestant work ethic:

Although accumulating research indicates that negative expectations about interracial interactions undermine the quality of such interactions, little research has examined the factors that moderate the influence of negative expectations on responses to interracial interactions. We propose that individuals who endorse work-related ideologies such as the Protestant work ethic (PWE) expect that outcomes in interracial interactions should be contingent upon individual effort. As a result, such individuals are hypothesized to respond in a negative manner when they believe that regardless of their effort in an interracial interaction, interaction partners will respond negatively to them (termed negative response expectancies). Consistent with this hypothesis, negative response expectancies led to an increased desire to avoid interracial interactions (Studies 1a and 1b) and more antisocial behavior directed at an interracial interaction partner among individuals who strongly endorsed the PWE (Study 2). Across th...
The Battle for Effective Sexuality Education

The debate over sexuality education reveals important issues regarding government regulation of personal behavior and the role of values in social welfare policy. While often regulated to the realm of public health, the promotion of effective approaches to sexuality education is closely aligned with social work’s mission to empower clients and increase their access to resources and information. This article will cover historical trends in sexuality education, the current federal policy and alternatives, and discuss the limitations and subsequent consequences for future policy. Additionally, this article will highlight the important implications of the sexuality education debate for the social work profession.
Milk protein composition and stability changes affected by iron in water sources

Water makes up more than 80% of the total weight of milk. However, the influence of water chemistry on the milk proteome has not been extensively studied. The objective was to evaluate interaction of water-sourced iron (low, medium, and high levels) on milk proteome and implications on milk oxidative state and mineral content. Protein composition, oxidative stability, and mineral composition of milk were investigated under conditions of iron ingestion through bovine drinking water (infused) as well as direct iron addition to commercial milk in 2 studies. Four ruminally cannulated cows each received aqueous infusions (based on water consumption of 100L) of 0, 2, 5, and 12.5mg/L Fe(2+) as ferrous lactate, resulting in doses of 0, 200, 500 or 1,250mg of Fe/d, in a 4×4Latin square design for a 14-d period. For comparison, ferrous sulfate solution was directly added into commercial retail milk at the same concentrations: control (0mg of Fe/L), low (2mg of Fe/L), medium (5mg of Fe/L), and high (12.5mg of Fe/L). Two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis was applied to characterize milk protein composition. Oxidative stability of milk was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay for malondialdehyde, and mineral content was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For milk from both abomasal infusion of ferrous lactate and direct addition of ferrous sulfate, an iron concentration as low as 2mg of Fe/L was able to cause oxidative stress in dairy cattle and infused milk, respectively. Abomasal infusion affected both caseins and whey proteins in the milk, whereas direct addition mainly influenced caseins. Although abomasal iron infusion did not significantly affect oxidation state and mineral balance (except iron), it induced oxidized off-flavor and partial degradation of whey proteins. Direct iron addition to milk led to lipid oxidation during storage at 4°C. Oxidation level was positively associated with the concentration of added iron. Minerals (Mg, P, Na, K, Ca, Zn) in milk were not affected by the added iron in milk. This study indicated that a small amount of iron contamination in bovine drinking water at the farm or incidental iron addition from potable water sources causes oxidation, affects milk protein composition and stability, and affects final milk quality.
Reflections on the Mormon “Canon”

This essay might seem inappropriate for this volume, but it is not. Krister Stendahl is particularly distinguished by a catholicity of mind and spirit which enables him to look with understanding, sympathy, and empathy on all sorts and conditions in what he once unpejoratively called “God's menagerie of religions.” That Mormons do not belong to the main bodies of Christians does not exclude them from his purview. But apart from this, the Mormons are in fact highly germane to the theme of this volume. Uniqueness is always hard to substantiate: Christians, Jews, and Gentiles have been related in many varied and complex ways. But there seems to be no parallel to the way in which Mormons—while claiming to be Christians—assert as well that they are genealogically connected with Jews and that they are therefore physically a rediscovered, restored, and reinterpreted “Israel.” As far as I am aware they constitute a very special, if not unique, case of Christians among Jews and Gentiles since by implication they have redefined all three of these terms. This is the justification for the inclusion of this essay in this volume. We here reflect on one aspect of Mormon life: their fixation of their own “canon.”
Characterizing individual Au25(SG)18 clusters within a nanopore detector

Metallic quantum clusters are stable structures that can exhibit many useful properties. Clusters can be ligand stabilized in aqueous environments to expand their usefulness as biosensors. There are some limitations in characterizing the physical and chemical properties of individual water soluble clusters. This report describes initial results of a new approach for detecting and characterizing individual gold nanoclusters (Au25(SG)18) in an aqueous solution with nanopore-based resistive pulse sensing. Here the nanopore is a single alpha hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus. Clusters that enter through the cis side of the pore (large vestibule) usually create shallow current blockades with a mean residence time of several milliseconds. Clusters that enter through the trans side of the pore (narrow lumen) create deeper blockades that are either very short (~200 μs), long lived (~50 ms) or trapped (>10s). The short and long lived blockades yield sufficient statistics to help characterize the clusters and the trapped state events may allow for additional analysis and controlled delivery of individual clusters. We demonstrate the possibility of this additional analysis by performing I–V measurements on individually trapped clusters. These show an optimal voltage for confining a cluster within the pore.
Practice patterns in supraglottoplasty and perioperative care.

Abstract Objectives Supraglottoplasty is the first-line surgical treatment for severe laryngomalacia. The purpose of this study is to determine the current trends of practice patterns in managing children who require supraglottoplasty. Methods A 25-question survey regarding supraglottoplasty techniques and perioperative management was sent by e-mail to 274 physician members of the Society for Ear, Nose and Throat Advances in Children (SENTAC). Results 101 surgeons responded and 72% of respondents were in academic practice (p Conclusions This provider survey study highlights some significant variations and trends in practice patterns of otolaryngologists who perform supraglottoplasty. The majority utilizes anti-reflux pharmacotherapy; however, there is no consensus in which type. The method for supraglottoplasty also varies with cold steel being the most popular, although no single method has been shown to be superior. There is variation in post-operative care with trends for keeping patients extubated and admitting them to an intensive care. With the importance of safe, effective, and also cost-conscious care, further studies are needed to understand the optimal management of those who undergo supraglottoplasty.
The genetic defect in two well-studied cases of Bernard-Soulier syndrome: a point mutation in the fifth leucine-rich repeat of platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (B-Ss) is a rare congenital bleeding disorder caused by abnormal giant platelets, thrombocytopenia, and defective glycoprotein (GP) Ib-V-IX, the adhesion receptor for von Willebrand factor (vWF). This report describes the molecular defect in two related individuals with well-established B-Ss whose platelets exhibit decreased GPIb-IX and normal GPV on their surfaces. The GPIb-V-IX genes of the two patients were analyzed by Southern blotting, hetero-duplex analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification/sequencing. A point mutation was found in codon 129 of the GPIb alpha gene that results in the substitution of proline for leucine in the first position of the fifth leucine-rich glycoprotein repeat of the mature gene product. The mutation (CTC: leucine, wild-type to CCC: proline, mutant) eliminates a Sac I restriction site, facilitating analysis of the mutation in the propositi (both homozygotes), unaffected family members (8 heterozygotes and 8 wild-type), and 58 normal controls (116 wild-type alleles). The status of the genomes was confirmed by the sequencing of platelet cDNA. The mutation does not affect transcription of the Ib-IX genes, as estimated by PCR and Northern blot analysis, but it does inhibit surface expression of the receptor as assessed by transient transfection of mutant and wild-type GPIb alpha genes into mouse Ib beta-IX L cells. Many of the cells (43%) transfected with the normal gene express surface GPIb alpha, whereas untransfected cells and those transfected with the mutant gene lack surface GPIb alpha entirely. Patient platelets were tested both for vWF binding in the presence of ristocetin and for surface GPIb-IX expression. In these instances, despite their inability to agglutinate with ristocetin and vWF, patient platelets exhibit about 40% of normal vWF binding and 40% of normal Ib-IX surface antigens. The results suggest that the described mutation (GPIb alpha: Leu129 -> Pro) affects the conformation of the GPIb-V-IX receptor, alters its availability on platelet surfaces, and causes the observed Bernard-Soulier phenotype.
Use of Triamcinolone Acetonide Particles to Visualize Aqueous Outflow

Using triamcinolone acetonide suspension within the anterior chamber allows visualization of fluid outflow for glaucoma surgeries where aqueous egress from the eye is desired for pressure control. Dilute non-preserved triamcinolone acetonide particles can be injected into the anterior chamber at the end of intraocular surgeries to assess fluid outflow and to provide an anti-inflammatory effect at the end-target tissue.
Telic divinity and its atelic ground

It may be claimed with unquestionable cogency that the Husserlian theology, embracing as it does a dipolar Deity, a God-in-process, a Divinity unintelligible apart from its endless teleological free-fall toward the ideal realization of the world’s absolute presence, must stand in frontal contradiction against an ontological vision which in principle excludes the self-subsistence and sempeternity of any god, a vision in which dispersion, duality and dipolarity are ontologically relative and derivative, a vision which rejects in any ultimate acceptation both telos and teleology. Over the preceding several years, as certain aspects of Buddhist thought have become increasingly satisfying and sensible for me as solutions or resolutions of theological quandaries, the incompatibility of the two views has come to demand, with ever greater insistence, either reconciliation or resolution. Is it possible, then, that the Husserlian God depicted in the Foundations for a Phenomenological Theology 1 may be rooted in a non-polar, non-processive and atelic Ground, a Ground profoundly affiliated with the absolute “Emptiness” (sunyata) of Buddhist thought? I offer here an affirmative answer. And though my response will perhaps be exuberantly speculative, if I am able to show, not that Husserl himself actually adopted such a stance, but more modestly that Husserlian theology is at least logically tolerant of the Buddhist vision, then the transformation which my own thinking has undergone will be blessed with a certain degree of continuity and grace.
Smoking, Mental Illness, and Public Health

Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. In particular, people with mental illness are disproportionately affected with high smoking prevalence; they account for more than 200,000 of the 520,000 tobacco-attributable deaths in the United States annually and die on average 25 years prematurely. Our review aims to provide an update on smoking in the mentally ill. We review the determinants of tobacco use among smokers with mental illness, presented with regard to the public health HAVE framework of "the host" (e.g., tobacco user characteristics), the "agent" (e.g., nicotine product characteristics), the "vector" (e.g., tobacco industry), and the "environment" (e.g., smoking policies). Furthermore, we identify the significant health harms incurred and opportunities for prevention and intervention within a health care systems and larger health policy perspective. A comprehensive effort is warranted to achieve equity toward the 2025 Healthy People goal of reducing US adult tobacco use to 12%, with attention to all subgroups, including smokers with mental illness.
β-Adrenergic Blockade for Anthracycline- and Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity Is Prevention Better Than Cure?

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States.1 Approximately 25% to 30% of breast cancers have overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is associated with an adverse prognosis.2 Adjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab, the humanized monoclonal antibody that directly targets HER2, significantly improves disease-free and overall survival in these patients.3 However, trastuzumab, especially when given in combination with anthracyclines, has been associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction3 that can lead to premature discontinuation of trastuzumab therapy and significant cardiac morbidity. Article see p 420 In this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure , Seicean et al4 retrospectively evaluated the incidence of new symptomatic heart failure (HF) in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines, trastuzumab, or both, at the Cleveland Clinic between 2005 and 2010. Using 1:2 propensity matching, they compared patients on continuous β-blockers during cancer treatment to those not on β-blockade, and assessed the effect of incidental β-blocker use on new symptomatic HF and noncardiac mortality during a median follow-up of ≈3 years. The results of this study show that trastuzumab, when given alone or in combination with anthracyclines, substantially increased the risk of symptomatic HF compared with anthracyclines alone (hazard ratio, 9.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.9–23.1). Furthermore, incidental β-blocker use significantly reduced the incidence of symptomatic HF (hazard ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.1–0.7) but did not affect noncardiac mortality in patients with breast cancer treated with trastuzumab, anthracyclines, or both. This article highlights 2 important issues: (1) it emphasizes the magnitude of trastuzumab cardiotoxicity in the real world, and (2) it provides support for the hypothesis that prophylactic β-blocker use may be cardioprotective in patients receiving trastuzumab, anthracyclines, or both. Anthracyclines cause a dose-dependent toxicity that is felt …
Impact of medical or surgical admission on outcomes of patients with acute cholecystitis.

Abstract Background Although acute cholecystitis (AC) is a surgical disease, patients with the condition may be admitted to medical-related services (MS). This may lead to delayed cholecystectomy thereby affecting outcomes and quality of care. Methods Between July 2010 and March 2013, 329 patients under 70 years old presented to a community-based tertiary care hospital with AC and underwent same admission cholecystectomy. Outcomes were compared between patients admitted to MS and surgical services (SS). Results Two hundred fifteen patients (65.3%) were admitted to a MS. Patients under the MS had longer LOS (3.0 days vs. 2.0 days, p Conclusion Patients under 70 years old with AC undergoing cholecystectomy admitted to MS had increased LOS, delay to the operation, and hospital costs compared to those admitted to a SS. Admission of patients with AC to a SS needs to be emphasized to reduce costs and improve quality of care.
Liquidity Traps and Jobless Recoveries

Abstract This paper proposes a model that explains the joint occurrence of liquidity traps and jobless growth recoveries. Its key elements are downward nominal wage rigidity, a Taylor-type interest rate feedback rule, the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates, and a confidence shock. Absent a change in policy, the model predicts that low inflation and high unemployment become chronic. With capital accumulation, the model predicts, in addition, an investment slump. The paper identifies a New Fisherian effect, whereby raising the nominal interest rate to its intended target for an extended period of time can boost inflationary expectations and thereby foster employment. (JEL E24, E31, E32, E43, E52, F44, G01)
Strain powered antennas

This paper proposes the creation of strain powered antennas that radiate electromagnetic energy by mechanically vibrating a piezoelectric or piezomagnetic material. A closed form analytic model of electromagnetic radiation from a strain powered electrically small antenna is derived and analyzed. Fundamental scaling laws and the frequency dependence of strain powered antennas are discussed. The radiation efficiency of strain powered electrically small antennas is contrasted with a conventional electric dipole. Analytical results show that operating at the first mechanical resonance produces the most efficient strain powered radiation relative to electric dipole antennas. A resonant analysis is exploited to determine the material property space that produces efficient strain powered antennas. These results show how a properly designed strain powered antenna can radiate more efficiently than an equally sized electric dipole antenna.
Superposed and refolded metamorphic isograds, and superposed directions of shear during late‐orogenic extension in the Alborán Domain, southern Spain

The timing, kinematics, and mode of exhumation within the Alpujarride Complex, the largest tectonic unit of the Alboran Domain, are controversial. Alternative tectonic models include synorogenic exhumation during pre-Miocene crustal thickening, intraorogenic exhumation during repeated phases of contraction and extension, and late orogenic exhumation during early Miocene crustal thinning. New structural and petrographic relationships documented in this study support the latter model: subhorizontal foliations, stretching lineations, and recumbent folds are associated with early Miocene high-temperature decompressional metamorphism and vertical condensation of the metamorphic sequence. Relict isograds associated with high-pressure metamorphism and burial are systematically overprinted by isograds associated with high-temperature metamorphism and rapid decompression. During the early stages of extensional exhumation and growth of sillimanite, ENE directed shear (D2) overprinted thrusts and foliations associated with crustal thickening (D1). During the later stages of extensional exhumation and growth of andalusite, from ductile to semibrittle conditions, north directed shear (D3) produced kilometer-scale recumbent folds that refold isograds. Stretching lineations characterize superposed directions of orogen-parallel (L2) and later orogen-perpendicular (L3) shear associated with a rapid temporal transition in the kinematics of extensional exhumation. During the final stages of crustal thinning and cooling, ductile structures (D2/D3) were cut by brittle low-angle normal faults (D4).
Activation of Iron and Sulfur for Nitrogenase Metallocluster Formation

Work in our laboratories has involved the use of genetic, biochemical, and biophysical approaches to analyze the assembly and catalytic mechanism of nitrogenase. Azotobacter vinelandii has been used for these studies because it produces copious amounts of the catalytic components of nitrogenase - the Fe protein and the MoFe protein - and because it is amenable to sophisticated genetic manipulation. Groundwork in our laboratories, and in the laboratory of Paul Bishop, involved the isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of all, or most, of the A. vinelandii genes directly involved in nitrogenase catalysis. Work in Bishop’s laboratory ultimately led to the remarkable discovery and characterization of two “alternative” nitrogenases, a Vanadium-dependent and Iron-only nitrogenase. We, on the other hand, have concentrated on the characterization of the “traditional” Molybdenum-dependent enzyme. It is worth noting that some - but not all - of the gene products required for maturation of the Mo-dependent enzyme are also required for maturation of the alternative nitrogenases (Kennedy, Dean, 1992). How the expression of these various genes is controlled to permit the accumulation of the appropriate form of nitrogenase -under the appropriate conditions - is a fascinating question currently under study in several laboratories.
Flexibility vs Preorganization: Direct Comparison of Binding Kinetics for a Disordered Peptide and Its Exact Preorganized Analogues

Many intrinsically disordered proteins, which are prevalent in nature, fold only upon binding their structured partner proteins. Such proteins have been hypothesized to have a kinetic advantage over their folded, preorganized analogues in binding their partner proteins. Here we determined the effects of ligand preorganization on the kon for a biomedically important system: an intrinsically disordered p53 peptide ligand and the MDM2 protein receptor. Based on direct simulations of binding pathways, computed kon values for fully disordered and preorganized p53 peptide analogues were within error of each other, indicating little if any kinetic advantage to being disordered or preorganized for binding the MDM2 protein. We also examined the effects of increasing the concentration of MDM2 on the extent to which its mechanism of binding to the p53 peptide is induced fit vs conformational selection. Results predict that the mechanism is solely induced fit if the unfolded state of the peptide is more stable than i...
Effect of therapeutic interchange on medication reconciliation during hospitalization and upon discharge in a geriatric population.

Background Therapeutic interchange of a same class medication for an outpatient medication is a widespread practice during hospitalization in response to limited hospital formularies. However, therapeutic interchange may increase risk of medication errors. The objective was to characterize the prevalence and safety of therapeutic interchange. Methods and findings Secondary analysis of a transitions of care study. We included patients over age 64 admitted to a tertiary care hospital between 2009-2010 with heart failure, pneumonia, or acute coronary syndrome who were taking a medication in any of six commonly-interchanged classes on admission: proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers), hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). There was limited electronic medication reconciliation support available. Main measures were presence and accuracy of therapeutic interchange during hospitalization, and rate of medication reconciliation errors on discharge. We examined charts of 303 patients taking 555 medications at time of admission in the six medication classes of interest. A total of 244 (44.0%) of medications were therapeutically interchanged to an approved formulary drug at admission, affecting 64% of the study patients. Among the therapeutically interchanged drugs, we identified 78 (32.0%) suspected medication conversion errors. The discharge medication reconciliation error rate was 11.5% among the 244 therapeutically interchanged medications, compared with 4.2% among the 311 unchanged medications (relative risk [RR] 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-5.19). Conclusions Therapeutic interchange was prevalent among hospitalized patients in this study and elevates the risk for potential medication errors during and after hospitalization. Improved electronic systems for managing therapeutic interchange and medication reconciliation may be valuable.
Spectroelectrochemical studies of a ruthenium complex containing the pH sensitive 4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine ligand.

Attaining high oxidation states at the metal center of transition metal complexes is a key design principle for many catalytic processes. One way to support high oxidation state chemistry is to utilize ligands that are electron-donating in nature. Understanding the structural and electronic changes of metal complexes as higher oxidation states are reached is critical towards designing more robust catalysts that are able to turn over at high rates without decomposing. To this end, we report herein the changes in structural and electronic properties as [Ru(bpy)2(44′bpy(OH)2)]2+ is oxidized to [Ru(bpy)2(44′bpy(OH)2)]3+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; 44′bpy(OH)2 = 4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine). The 44′bpy(OH)2 ligand is a pH-dependent ligand where deprotonation of the hydroxyl groups leads to significant electronic donation to the metal center. A Pourbaix Diagram of the complex reveals a pH independent reduction potential below pH = 2.0 for the Ru3+/2+ process at 0.91 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Above pH = 2.0, pH dependence is observed with a decrease in reduction potential until pH = 6.8 where the complex is completely deprotonated, resulting in a reduction potential of 0.62 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Spectroelectrochemical studies as a function of pH reveal the disappearance of the Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) or Mixed Metal–Ligand to Charge Transfer bands upon oxidation and the appearance of a new low energy band. DFT calculations for this low energy band were carried out using both B3LYP and M06-L functionals for all protonation states and suggest that numerous new transition types occur upon oxidation to Ru3+.
The Eclipse of Khurāsān in the twelfth century

The province of Khurāsān constituted the centre of political, cultural, and religious life in the Sunni Islamic world from the ninth until the mid-twelfth century, after which Khurāsān was completely eclipsed. The question of how this occurred has remained almost completely unstudied; and the one study that there is does not consult the key primary literary sources for the time. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to re-examine what the primary sources reveal about the catastrophic cultural and political eclipse of Khurāsān in the mid-twelfth century, in order to demonstrate that this catastrophe was not due to “climate, cotton and camels” – in fact, Khurāsān was doing very well until the 1150s – but to concrete human agency and action: namely, the province's destruction by the rampaging Oghuz Turkmens after Sultan Sanjar had been taken captive by them in 1153, thus leading directly to the downfall of the Great Seljuq Sultanate.
High pressure liquid chromatographic separation of dyes encountered in illicit heroin samples.

Over the last several years an increasingly large number of illicit heroin samples of the brown variety have contained dyes. STRIDE data analysis for the time period from August 1974 to December 1975 indicates that coloring matter was detected in 26% of the brown heroin submissions to the Southwest Regional Laboratory in San Diego. Apparently a formulation of dyes is used in the heroin dilution process to disguise the addition of adulterants that are normally white in their natural state. The resultant mixture maintains a relatively dark color and the diluted product is more easily sold as a high quality brown heroin.