cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leading to Learn

“You don't see to draw, you draw to see.” And then Fred said, “It's just the same for leadership, you don't learn to lead, you lead to learn.” The arts can teach us to stay with our senses and not know and in that way to provide a balance to the dominance of the analytic approaches to our organizational worlds. There is an old saying that you can only manage what you can measure. The arts can help us to work with what we cannot measure and the way to do that is by leading to learn. The current article explores the qualitatively different way in which the arts teach us to apprehend the world and how that is central to leadership.
Understanding Challenges in the Front Lines of Home Health Care: A Human-Systems Approach

A human-systems perspective is a fruitful approach to understanding home health care because it emphasizes major individual components of the system - persons, equipment/technology, tasks, and environments - as well as the interaction between these components. The goal of this research was to apply a human-system perspective to consider the capabilities and limitations of the persons, in relation to the demands of the tasks and equipment/technology in home health care. Identification of challenges and mismatches between the person(s) capabilities and the demands of providing care provide guidance for human factors interventions. A qualitative study was conducted with 8 home health Certified Nursing Assistants and 8 home health Registered Nurses interviewed about challenges they encounter in their jobs. A systematic categorization of the challenges the care providers reported was conducted and human factors recommendations were proposed in response, to improve home health. The challenges inform a human-systems model of home health care.
Static analysis techniques for predicting the behavior of active database rules

This article gives methods for statically analyzing sets of active database rules to determine if the rules are (1) guaranteed to terminate, (2) guaranteed to produce a unique final database state, and (3) guaranteed to produce a unique stream of observable actions. If the analysis determines that one of these properties is not guaranteed, it isolates the rules responsible for the problem and determines criteria that, if satisfied, guarantee the property. The analysis methods are presented in the context of the Starburst Rule System.
Vibrational and electronic entropy of β-cerium and γ-cerium measured by inelastic neutron scattering

Time-of-flight (TOF) inelastic neutron-scattering spectra were measured on β-cerium (double hcp) and γ-cerium (fcc) near the phase-transition temperature. Phonon densities of states (DOS) and crystal-field levels were extracted from the TOF spectra. A softening of the phonon DOS occurs in the transition from β- to γ-cerium, accounting for an increase in vibrational entropy of ΔSvibγ-β=(0.09±0.05)kB/atom. The entropy calculated from the crystal-field levels and a fit to calorimetry data from the literature were significantly larger in β-cerium than in γ-cerium below room temperature, but the difference was found to be negligible at the experimental phase-transition temperature. A contribution to the specific heat from Kondo spin fluctuations was consistent with the quasielastic magnetic scattering, but the difference between phases was negligible. To be consistent with the latent heat of the β-γ transition, the increase in vibrational entropy at the phase transition may be accompanied by a decrease in electronic entropy not associated with the crystal-field splitting or spin fluctuations. At least three sources of entropy need to be considered for the β-γ transition in cerium.
Constructing Roads, Washing Feet, and Cutting Cane for the Patria: Building Bolivia with Military Labor, 1900–1975

This article reveals the range of tasks performed by military laborers in twentieth-century Bolivia, distinguishing between martial and nonmartial labor to understand how productive tasks became central to the military's mission. The detailed exploration of soldiers' laboring lives shows that their work as strikebreakers, builders, agriculturalists, and domestic servants reinforced social hierarchies and supported private capital. Despite hopes that military service would unify a diverse populace, soldiers on the indigenous end of the spectrum disproportionally performed the more abject labors. The first section charts the development of nonmartial labor and shows how some soldiers objected to working conditions by invoking the dissonance between martial discourse and nonmartial experiences. The article then turns to the increasing legibility of nonmartial labor in the aftermath of the Chaco War (1932–1935). The final section details the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement's efforts to fold the army into the 1952 Revolution by emphasizing soldiers' productive labor.
The spleen in the sickling disorders: an update

In early life, patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can have acute, life-threatening emergencies related to splenic hypofunction (overwhelming bacterial sepsis), as well as anemic crises from acute splenic sequestration because of sudden pooling of blood in the spleen. The landmark penicillin prophylaxis study in 1985 showed a remarkable decrease in mortality from sepsis in young children with SCD who were treated with oral penicillin prophylaxis compared to placebo. Since that study, newborns are screened for SCD and placed on oral penicillin prophylaxis in nearly all of the United States, as well as in other countries where the disease is highly prevalent. The previously described permanent, complete and nearly universal “autosplenectomy” emerging by late childhood or early adulthood is now challenged by recent findings of reversibility of splenic dysfunction by the antisickling drug hydroxyurea or by successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation, even in older patients. Imaging techniques for hypofunction of the spleen are the most commonly used modalities to guide the clinician in decisions regarding medical or surgical management.
HYBRIDS AND GLUEBALLS: A STATUS REPORT

QCD predicts that besides the mesons and qqq baryons, there should exist hadrons with valence gluons, the hybrids and the gg, ggg glueballs. Serious experimental searches for these exotic structures are currently in progress. Their status is reviewed.
Two forms of adventitious growth on fertile shoots of the emergent macrophyte, Juncus militaris bigel.

Abstract Adventitious growth was observed on fertile shoots of Juncus militaris Bigel. (bayonet rush) growing in Rhode Island freshwater lake during a summer of high water levels. Adventitious roots appeared at involucral bract nodes, and adventitious vegetative propagules appeared on inflorescence axes. The adventititious vegetative propagules became detached from the inflorescence axes and were transported to shore by wind and wave action.
The evolutionary basis of leaf senescence: Method to the madness?

Recent studies on the differential expression of genes associated with leaf senescence support the long-standing interpretation of plant senescence as an organized, genetically controlled process. Sequence identities of genes that are differentially expressed in senescing leaves indicate roles in the salvage of nutrients. By considering this salvage function as the selected trait and the degeneration and death of the tissue a pleiotropic consequence of nutrient redistribution, the process of leaf senescence can be reconciled with evolutionary theories on the origins of senescence in animals.
Rapid, high-throughput purification of HIV-1 integrase using microtiter plate technology

Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) catalyzes the insertion of the retroviral genome into the chromosome of an infected host cell. HIV-1 IN was expressed as a N-terminal hexa-histidine fusion in Escherichia coli . A high-throughput purification strategy was developed using denaturing methods for the initial protein extraction, followed by a one-step nickel-chelating chromatography purification and step-wise refolding. IN was routinely greater than 90% pure with yields exceeding 14 μg of purified IN per ml of E. coli culture. In vitro 3 ′ processing and strand transfer assays showed the enzyme preparations to be highly active. The specific activity of the purified IN was 2.65 pmol/h/μg IN, which is very similar to the activity of IN routinely produced by large-scale column chromatographic methods. This high-throughput platform should be of general utility to those interested in defining the structure–function relationship of proteins and enzymes.
An efficient synthesis of 4-aryl kainic acid analogs

Abstract A synthesis of 4-aryl kainic acid analogs was achieved using a highly stereoselective Michael addition reaction of dimethyl 2-oxoglutarate with a nitrostyrene. Nitro group reduction, deoxygenation and epimerization complete the synthetic route.
Initial, intra-operative, and post-operative evaluation of children with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum with emphasis on the coronary connections to the right ventricle

Abstract Pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PAIVS), more than most congenital cardiac defects, requires detailed assessment for initial decision making and to guide intraoperative procedures. Among the important questions to answer are the degree of tricuspid valve (TV) and right ventricular (RV) hypoplasia and whether or not significant connections exist between the coronary arteries and the right ventricle (RV-CACs). When the TV and RV hypoplasia are severe and/or significant RV-CACs exist, these lesions are thought to preclude a two-ventricle repair (2VR) at most institutions. Our approach, however, is that these lesions can be defined and successfully treated making an adequate 2VR probable. We have developed and successfully employed a combined echocardiographic and angiographic approach for neonates at the severe end of the PAIVS spectrum and particularly those with RV-CACs that has guided and allowed 2VRs in these infants. Our approach includes preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative echocardiography including transthoracic, transesophageal (TEE) and cardiac surface imaging. The echocardiographic studies are used to define the TV and RV abnormalities and determine if RV-CACs are present. Significant RV-CACs are indicated by bidirectional flow in the RV-CAC with associated coronary flow reversal and dilated major coronary arteries with abrupt caliber changes at the site of the connection. When significant RV-CACs are present, cardiac catheterization with complementary right ventricular and aortic root angiography from similar projections aids localization of the connections as well as the associated coronary stenoses and interruptions which seem to result from hypertensive, hypoxic perfusion. The combined use of these techniques allows preoperative localization of significant RV-CACs while the use of intraoperative transesophageal and epicardial surface echocardiography aids in their ligation. Postoperatively, identification of any regional wall motion abnormality by TEE, should prompt a search for previously undetected or residual coronary artery connections. This detailed diagnostic approach to the evaluation and treatment of PAIVS will even allow infants at the severe end of the spectrum to be on a 2VR track.
The relationship between speed of information processing as measured by timed paper-and-pencil tests and psychometric intelligence☆

Abstract The relationship between speed of information processing and IQ was examined using timed paper-and-pencil substitution tests to measure processing speed. The measures of IQ were two paper-and-pencil cognitive aptitude tests. Sixty-two college men and women were subjects. The correlations of processing speed with IQ were low but generally statistically significant; high speeds went with lower IQs when the response was simply copying alphanumerics and with higher IQs when the response required coding (i.e., mental transformations). When handwriting speed was removed from the coding scores to obtain a purer measure of processing speed, the correlations with IQ rose. The psychometrically better IQ test showed a strong linear relationship between mean time to code and its correlation with IQ; the relationship was somewhat weaker with the psychometrically poorer IQ test. The results replicate the essential findings of Jensen and others who find negative correlations between reaction time (RT) and IQ. The results are interpreted in terms of a working hypothesis that simple coding and RT tasks share with IQ tests a common mental decision or Spearman g factor which leads to their intercorrelation. The results suggest that substitution tests measure IQ because they measure speed of information processing.
Allometry and adaptation of body proportions and stature in African pygmies

We have analyzed the growth allometry of external body proportions in Efe pygmies from Zaire and combined these data with values from the literature for comparable dimensions in adult pygmies and nonpygmies. We sequentially tested the hypotheses that adult proportion differences between 1) male vs. female Efe, and 2) pygmies vs. nonpygmies result from ontogenetic scaling, or the differential extension of common patterns of growth allometry. Results indicate an almost complete concordance of allometric trajectories for male and female Efe. These preliminary analyses also strongly suggest that adult nonpygmy Africans generally differ from pygmies in their terminal size and correlated allometric consequences, rather than in more fundamental alterations of underlying patterns of growth. Biacromial diameter emerges as the measurement most likely to depart from this general pattern. These results provide further evidence that shifts in systemic growth hormones yielding differences in terminal overall body size may be accompanied by global and coordinated allometric transformations. Certain proportion differences previously interpreted by some as specific evidence of primitive retention in pygmies in fact reflect simple growth allometric correlates of the derive rapid size decrease in these groups. Selected divergent body proportions characterizing adult pygmies, previously interpreted by some as independent evidence of climatic adaptation, also reflect such allometric correlates of ontogenetic scaling. We critically assess arguments that the small overall body size of pygmies was specifically selected for reasons of thermoregulatory efficiency, and consider an alternative or complementary scenario, based on selection for small size in order to reduce caloric requirements.
Recommending Self-Paced Exercise among Overweight and Obese Adults: a Randomized Pilot Study

National guidelines call for exercise of at least moderate intensity; however, recommending self-paced exercise may lead to better adherence, particularly among overweight and obese adults. The purpose of this study was to test proof-of-concept for recommending self-paced exercise among overweight adults. Fifty-nine healthy, low-active (exercise <60 min/week), overweight (body mass index 25.0–39.9) adults (18–65) received a 6-month print-based exercise promotion program with the goal of walking 30–60 min/day. Participants were surreptitiously randomly assigned to receive a recommendation for either self-paced (n = 30) or moderate (64–76 % maximum heart rate; n = 29) intensity exercise. All participants used electronic diaries and heart rate monitors to track exercise frequency, duration, and intensity. The self-paced condition reported more minutes/week of walking (f 2 = 0.17, p = 0.045) and a trend toward greater exercise-related energy expenditure/week (f 2 = 0.12, p = 0.243), corresponding to approximately 26 additional minutes/week and 83 additional kilocalories/week over 6 months. Explicit recommendation for self-paced exercise may improve adherence to exercise programs among overweight and obese adults.
Tangible display systems: bringing virtual surfaces into the real world

We are developing tangible display systems that enable natural interaction with virtual surfaces. Tangible display systems are based on modern mobile devices that incorporate electronic image displays, graphics hardware, tracking systems, and digital cameras. Custom software allows the orientation of a device and the position of the observer to be tracked in real-time. Using this information, realistic images of surfaces with complex textures and material properties illuminated by environment-mapped lighting, can be rendered to the screen at interactive rates. Tilting or moving in front of the device produces realistic changes in surface lighting and material appearance. In this way, tangible displays allow virtual surfaces to be observed and manipulated as naturally as real ones, with the added benefit that surface geometry and material properties can be modified in real-time. We demonstrate the utility of tangible display systems in four application areas: material appearance research; computer-aided appearance design; enhanced access to digital library and museum collections; and new tools for digital artists.
Interaction energy in infinite nuclear matter in the hybrid soliton model.

The hybrid soliton model describes nucleons as consisting of quarks and pion and sigma meson fields. We place these nucleons on a three-dimensional lattice and calculate the dependence of the total energy on the density. Various higher order terms in the meson fields are implemented into the Lagrangian of the model to change the behavior of the interaction energy between the nucleons. Because of the increase in quark kinetic energy at higher densities, we have not been able to obtain a minimum at ground state nuclear density.
Response: Role of mouse maternal Cdx2: what's the debate all about?

Here I would like to respond to the commentary ‘Role of mouse maternal Cdx2: what’s the debate all about?’ (Wu and Scholer, 2011) that was written as a response to my original commentary, ‘What is the role of maternally provided Cdx2 mRNA in early mouse embryogenesis?’ (Bruce, 2011). Firstly, I would stress that the arrest phenotypes reported in Jedrusik et al. (2010) were observed in two independent laboratories (Zernicka-Goetz laboratory in Cambridge and Yao laboratory in Stanford) and the experiments were performed by different researchers and by different methods. In both laboratories the functional depletion of both maternal and zygotically provided Cdx2 from the zygote stage resulted in earlier arrest phenotypes than the zygotic Cdx2 knockout. Given this independent verification, it is highly improbable that both sets of results were ‘actually an artefact of the experimental manipulation’ as Wu and Scholer suggest. Additionally, the arrest phenotypes reported by Jedrusik et al. (2010), that were always judged relative to injection controls that successfully developed, were consistent using embryos derived from two distinct genetic crosses, suggesting that genetic background is not a confounding factor; notwithstanding any uncharacterized genetic difference in the embryos employed by Wu and colleagues. Furthermore, Jedrusik et al. (2010) reported Cdx2-specific RNAi-induced arrest phenotypes in 88.6% of embryos before the blastocyst stage, the earliest phenotypes being centred on the 8to 16-cell transition. In the molecular characterization of these arrests, embryos were not preselected in any way to concentrate only on the earlier phenotype, as implied by Wu and Scholer. Consequently, even embryos that could
Does vasopressin really facilitate memory processes

Department of Pharmacology. Medical School University of Minne~ota. Mimwapoli.~. .%,t,%' 55455. I 'S.4. Background In numerous experiments published since the mid-196(Is, De Wied and Bohus and their colleagues have found that very small quantities of vasopressin or several analogs (picograms when adminis- tered into the CNS; micrograms system- ically) can increase resistance to extinction of shock-motivated active avoidance (pole-jumping) behavior, and enhance memory-related performance (retention and retrieval) in standard passive avoid- ance tests ~-3. Others have found that vasopressin also has the capacity to attenuate deficits in avoidance retention performance produced by a variety of treatments, which have been adminis- tered after training as models to study amnesia 2"3. From such observations, the Dutch researchers have advanced the hypothesis that vasopressin plays a direct, fadlitatory role in memory consolida- tion and retrieval processes 3. Recent advances in our understanding of the metabolism and distribution of endogenous neuroactive peptides in general, and the neurohypophyseal pep- tides vasopressin and ox3'tocin in parti- cular, have led to a more widespread interest in their possible functions as neurohumoral agents. This interest has been accompanied by a renewed clinical and basic research effort to test the hypothesis that vasopressin can indeed improve memory. The clinical research to date contains mostly equivocal results. In general, vasopressin has been found to be ineffec- tive in patients with severe memory deficits (e.g. advanced Aizheimer's patients, severely impaired Korsakoffs patients) ¢-6. However, in the few cases in which the compound, or its analogs, desglycinamide-9-arginine-8-vasopressin (DGAVP) or 1-des-amino-8-o-arginine-. vasopressin (DDAVP) have been tried with less severely impaired amnesic, aged or cognitively deficient patients, the results have been somewhat more positive t'9. Thus, the limited clinical research has been sufficiently encourag- ing to generate interest in animal experi- mentation to re-examine several un- resolved issues. Interpretive
Conservatism and Change in the Village Community: A Jordanian Case Study

In a changing society it is quite as important, and perhaps more revealing, to ask the question, Why have things remained the same? as it is to pose the more familiar query, Why have things changed? It is the former rather than the latter question that has oriented anthropological investigations of tribal and peasant communities in the recent past. The social anthropologist's predilection for the examination of continuity and integration rather than change has arisen not only with his obligation to present a coherent "way of life" based on a limited period of field observation but also with his theoretical concern with the fundamental circumstances of societal existence. This concern antedated Malinowski's call for functional studies of social structures at the end of the first World War. It characterized the investigations of the French school of sociology at the end of the nineteenth century. It was the hallmark of the work of Emile Durkheim whose various publications consistently posed the question, Wh...
Energy conservation—the post-embargo record

Abstract The best measure of energy conservation is a change in the ratio of energy demand and GNP. In the last decade, the ratio decreased by 16%. A simple model has been developed to forecast energy demand as a function of real energy price. The model can sucessfully backcast the post-embargo period. The long-run price elasticity of the model is unexpectedly large. The model forecasts that the ratio of energy demand and GNP will decline by an additional 34% at current energy prices.
Vertical root fracture and relative deformation during obturation and post cementation

There are several speculated etiologies of vertical root fractures such as pressure exerted during post placement and excessive forces during lateral condensation. However, there are no reports comparing these two forces by use of the same measurement system. This study determined and compared on single-rooted teeth (1) the amount of strain to the root that occurs during obturation and post cementation and (2) the incidence of incomplete and complete vertical root fractures occurring during the aforementioned procedures. Canals of 32 extracted maxillary central incisors were step-back prepared. Teeth were randomly divided into negative and positive controls and experimental groups. The amount of root distortion was recorded with a strain gauge during each of the following procedures: (1) lateral condensation, and (2) lateral condensation plus cementation of a cast gold post. Relative deformations were compared statistically. Teeth were examined by transillumination and stereomicroscopy for incomplete and complete fractures and compared among groups. Data showed significantly more relative deformation with placement of a post and loading than with obturation alone. The accumulation of strain from both procedures did not significantly increase incidence of vertical root fractures. The results indicate that stresses from cementation of posts is more likely to cause relative deformation of roots.
System for dental bridge fabrication

This article suggests an orientation for clinical and laboratory service procedures using common dental materials and pro­ cesses in a sequence that results in a simple and clinically efficient system for fixed partial denture construction. T he name bridge or fixed partial den­ ture identifies that type of prosthodontic apparatus designed to treat segments of the hum an dental arch wherein fixation is intended. I t is made up of the retain­ ers and the pontic whose interrelationship is maintained either by a rigid connection or by an engineered design directing the tolerance given to the connection. Since most of the processing of the materials and much of the form for this type of prosthesis are done on artificial model counterparts, it is generally thought of as an indirect procedure. Figuratively, the prepared clinical area is taken to the laboratory bench for constructing the treatm ent apparatus. The current professional trend seems to emphasize the use of dental techni­ cians as an auxiliary aid in making up prescribed prosthodontic treatm ent ap­ paratuses. Consequently, in describing this particular system the sequence of clinical and laboratory services are iden­ tified.
He Equipment and Methods Used in Rearing the New. Mexico Range Caterpilla Parasite,Anastatus semiflavidus GAHAN

This article contains a detailed description of the equipment and methods used in rearing and handling Anastatus semiflavidus Gahan under controlled conditions of temperature and moisture. Descriptions include a constant-temperature room, incubators, refrigerators, and oviposition cages.
Condensing Effect of Cholesterol: A Physical Model

A physical model is proposed to account for the “condensing effect” of cholesterol in mixed monolayers. If the other component of the monolayer has its polar groups in contact, a cholesterol molecule may interact sufficiently with the hydrocarbon tails to orient them vertically, thus creating free space for itself. In cholesterol-rich films, the polar groups of the phospholipid do not contribute to the area occupied. Both effects lead to a reduction in the observed mean molecular area.
Plume model for sulphur capture in largescale, atmospheric fludized-bed combustors (AFBC)

Abstract The established plume model for the atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor is here extended to sulphur capture by bed solids. The model accounts for two mechanisms for sulphur capture: (1) the oxidation of sulphur to SO 2 , followed by retention by limestone, all in the oxidizing regions of the combustor; and (2) the retention of released sulphur-hydrogen compounds by solids in the unburned plume rising through the bed. Calculations show that there is a significant difference in sulphur retention efficiency predictions between the plume model with its reducing and oxidizing zones and those models which do not consider the occurrence of plumes of unburned volatiles.
Time, Price, and Advanced Booking of Hotel Rooms

The effectiveness of revenue management systems has diminished in recent years due to the systems' inability to address the increasing complication of online deal-seeking behavior. To restore their efficiency, one must first understand the changes in advanced-booking behavior and their implications. This study expands the consumer booking model by addressing the impact of time-before-the-date-of-stay and exploring the implication for the hotel's pricing/marketing strategies. The findings underscore the urgent need for empirical research on timing by showing that the predictions of the advanced-booking model, and consequently the effectiveness of RM systems, depend on the actual patterns over time.
Differential responses of yellow-breasted chats, Icteria virens, to male and female conspecific model presentations

A detailed understanding of the behavioural interactions between males and females is crucial for elucidating the selection pressures shaping mating system evolution; however, these interactions are often difficult to observe, particularly in free-living populations. We simulated extraterritorial intrusions by presenting conspecific models on to territories of a Neotropical migratory passerine, the yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens. Simulated intrusions elicited different responses based on the sex of the focal individual and the sex and species of the model. Behavioural responses of the focal individuals were largely directed towards conspecific models, whereas simulated heterospecific intrusions, using a Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus, model, elicited minimal response. Male song was not related to any particular model presentation. Males directed mating behaviours, including courtship displays and copulations, exclusively towards the female conspecific model. Males behaved aggressively towards the conspecific male model. In contrast, females never showed any courtship behaviour towards the male model and showed significant aggression towards the conspecific female model. The results of this study reveal that territorial aggression in yellow-breasted chats is strongly intrasexual. Additionally, simulated female extraterritorial intrusions, but not male intrusions, resulted in extrapair courtship and copulation. This pattern is likely to be typical of many socially monogamous species and points to the behavioural mechanisms underlying both monogamy and extrapair mating systems.
Novel surface-wave antenna

A circular array of a large number of electrically short vertical dipoles of which only two are driven is described and analysed. The relevant parameters include the length and radius of the identical elements, the distance between adjacent elements and their number. A judicious choice of the parameters can establish one of many possible resonant modes for the current amplitude distribution around the array and generate a horizontally omnidirectional field pattern with very high vertical directivity. Applications as a surface-wave generator are discussed. Although the array is not a broadband device, the possibility of operating at several discrete frequencies using the same construction may be an advantage for some applications.
Smoke buildup and light scattering in a cylindrical cavity above a uniform flow

Abstract In this study, we use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and aerosol dynamics modeling to investigate the buildup of smoke and light scattering in a cylindrical cavity geometry, considered to be an idealized representation of a photoelectric smoke detector. CFD coupled with the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is used for simulation of aerosol dynamics. The Rayleigh–Debye–Gans/polydisperse fractal aggregate (RDGPFA) theory is used for calculation of smoke extinction and angular light scattering. It is seen that the flow external to the cavity sets up a recirculating flow pattern within the cavity and that the flow processes determine the spatial distribution of smoke. Aerosol extinction and scattering calculations are performed to examine the time varying profiles of the intensity along a simulated LED light beam and the scattered intensity at different angles. The variation of the detector activation time with inlet velocity and smoke volume fraction is obtained from a calculation of the angular light scattering. The results are compared with calculations using an empirically determined detector response function and with a simpler model that assumes a uniform distribution of smoke inside the cavity. Results indicate that although the distribution of smoke inside the cavity is not uniformly mixed, the simple first-order mixing model with appropriately chosen parameters is valid for predicting detector activation time.
Online respiratory-waveform analysis using a digital desk calculator.

A system for acquiring airway pressure, flow (from a pneumotachometer) and O2 and CO2 concentration (from a mass spectrometer) waveforms is described. Analogue signals from these sources, as well as from gas and pneumotachometer case-temperature circuits, are interfaced with a programmable digital desk calculator. The patient-read program, in five blocks, is described in detail. Major features are: a zero-flow and gas-calibration block, which automatically switches the strain gauges to ambient air and the mass spectrometer to calibration gas; a data-acquisition block which matches flow and gas signals in time, acquires mechanics and gas-exchange data for inspiratory and expiratory cycles separately, acquires mechanics data alone in the absence of a gas waveform, and records data at the onset of the CO2 ‘plateau’ during expiration; a data-calculation block which averages data for the number of respiratory cycles read, corrects flow readings for gas viscosity and temperature, and calculates mechanics and gas-exchange data; and a printout block which prints only data falling within arbitrary limits. A flow-calibration program using a valveless piston pump is also described. The total system is portable, relatively inexpensive and, since most of it functions automatically, may be used by untrained personnel.
Performance of a distributed memory finite difference atmospheric general circulation model

Abstract A new version of the UCLA atmospheric general circulation model suitable for massively parallel computer architectures has been developed. This paper presents the principles for the code's design and examines performance on a variety of distributed memory computers. A two dimensional domain decomposition strategy is used to achieve parallelism and is implemented by message passing. This parallel algorithm is shown to scale favorably as the number of processors is increased. In the fastest configuration, performance roughly equivalent to that of multitasking vector supercomputers is achieved.
Stability of supercurrents in cylindrical films of tin. II. Single- crystal substrates

The previous measurements of Phillips and Meissner (which used Pyrex substrates) have been repeated using single-crystal quartz tubes as substrates. Differences in the results are rather minor, indicating that the observed phonomena are indicative of the superconductor rather than the substrate.
Constructive methods for obtaining the solution of the periodic boundary value problem for a system of matrix differential equations of Riccati type

In the nonsingular case, we obtain sufficient coefficient conditions for the unique solvability of the periodic boundary value problem for a system of matrix differential equations of Riccati type. We develop efficient algorithms for constructing the solution.
A new iterative method to solve the method of moments based electromagnetic field problems

In this work, we present a new iterative method to solve electromagnetic field problems using the method of moments formulation.The new method requires much fewer mathematical operations per iteration when compared to other available methods. Further, the method can easily handle multiple right-hand side vectors much the same way as direct solution techniques. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the new method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2042–2046, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27023
Athletes in the Pool, Girls and Boys on Deck The Contextual Construction of Gender in Coed Youth Swimming

Few studies have examined how groups of individuals enact different patterns of gender relations within and across contexts. In this article, I draw upon nine months of fieldwork and 15 semistructured interviews conducted with eight- to 10-year-old swimmers on a co-ed youth swim team. During focused aspects of swim practice, gender was less salient and structural mechanisms encouraged athletes to interact in ways that illuminated girls’ and boys’ similar athletic abilities, undermining categorical, essentialist, and hierarchical gender beliefs pertaining to athleticism. However, in the swimmers’ unfocused free time, the salience of gender was high and structural mechanisms encouraged swimmers to engage in “borderwork.” In this context, similarities between the genders were obscured and girls and boys instead interacted in ways that affirmed essentialist and categorical—but nonhierarchical—meanings of gender. By paying attention to structural mechanisms and the variable salience of gender, we can thus see ...
‘Late Mobilization’: Transnational Peasant Networks and Grassroots Organizing in Brazil and South Africa

In this paper, we analyze the political dynamics of the contemporary ‘transnational peasant network’ through a comparison of two movements: the Brazilian Movimento Dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) and the South African Landless People's Movement (LPM). We argue that transnational visions of ‘peasants’ often obscure relations between or within rural movements. One tangible benefit of the transnational peasant network is the exchange of ideas, experiences and information, but this exchange does not happen in a vacuum, rather it happens in the historically-situated, power-laden context of an uneven world system. Organized in 1984, MST activists from Brazil helped to train, educate and inspire South African activists after the LPM formed in 2001, but key elements of the MST's success were inappropriate or unworkable in the South African context. Ultimately, the transfer of movement knowledge from the MST to the LPM may have worked against the long-term success of the latter.
Crustal fraction of cattle feedlot particulate matter emissions using neutron activation analysis: method development

Neutron activation analysis (NAA), along with multivariate statistical methods, were employed as a proposed method to measure concentrations of some 30 elements in filtered air particulates and to estimate the fraction of particulate matter originating from crustal sources. The new method may provide a means for certain agricultural industries, in particular cattle feedlots, to take advantage of the proposed crustal credit in emission regulations, if such a credit is implemented by the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA). Chemical composition of particulate source materials as well as environmental air particulate samples were determined and results compared using computer modelling techniques to determine contribution from each potential source.
Polyimide Interfaces studied by surface Raman spectroscopy

Abstract We have investigated the nature of adhesion of the polyimide film composed of oxydianiline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to a number of substrates. Surface Raman Spectroscopy was coupled with solventless vapor deposition to investigate the interaction of these monomers with the Ag(110), Si(100), and silicon oxide surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. These studies revealed that PMDA forms a variety of surface carboxylate species on the different surfaces while ODA weakly interacts through the π-system of the phenyl rings or merely physisorbs.
Female sexual compulsivity: a new syndrome.

Sexual compulsivity has been described as a disorder only since the early 1980s, although it is as old as history and as devastating as other compulsive behaviors that alter moods. Published studies on compulsive sexual behavior first involved white, heterosexual men. Although the scope has since broadened, little has been written about women who have this disorder. This article discusses women's sexual behavior, cultural views, and family of origin issues that contribute to the development of sexual compulsivity. Treatment strategies specific to recovery for women are suggested, followed by cases showing the specific ways that women express their disordered sexuality.
Characterization of the monovalent and divalent cation requirements for the xenobiotic carboxylic acid: CoA ligases of bovine liver mitochondria.

Abstract The XL-I, XL-II and XL-III forms of xenobiotic/medium-chain fatty acid: CoA ligase were found to be inactive toward benzoate in the absence of either monovalent or divalent cations. The absolute requirement for monovalent cation was satisfied by either K+, Rb+, or NH+4. Na+ only supported a very low rate. Varying the nature of the anion had only a minor effect. For XL-I and XI-II, the optimum concentration of K+ was 50 mM; higher (physiologic) concentrations led to a decrease in activity. K+ did not inhibit XL-III. The absolute requirement for divalent cation was satisfied by Mg2+ or Mn2+, or to a lesser extent by Co2+ or Fe2+. For the XL-I and XL-II, excess uncomplexed Mg2+ or Mn2+ decreased the rate; the optimum concentration of Mn2+ was approximately the same as the concentration of ATP in the assay, and the optimum concentration of Mg2+ was approximately double the concentration of ATP in the assay. This is consistent with the concept that the divalent cation is required to complex with ATP and with the known stability constants for the ATP complexes of these two divalent cations. XL-III was not inhibited by uncomplexed divalent cations. Uncomplexed ATP was a moderate inhibitor of XL-I and XL-II, and a weak inhibitor of XL-III. The data indicate that in vivo benzoate conjugation is K+ and Mg2+ dependent, and that the cation effects are complex and differ for XL-I and XL-II as compared with XL-III.
Performance of Rate ½ Convolutional Encoder with Adaptive Feedback-Controlled on Hyperchaotic-Chaotic States

Abstract In this paper we have studied the performance of rate-1/2 convolutional encoders with adaptive states developed in chaotic and hyperchaotic regions. These states are generated by varying the control parameters in a feedback-controlled system. Several sets of closed-loop simulations are performed to demonstrate the benefit of information-based chaos system. In particular, it is demonstrated that two varieties of an information-based systems provide improved performance over all the encoder choices when hyperchaos states are utilized. Special attention was paid to the algorithmic complexity of the systems for an entire class of rate-1/2 encoders. The decoder is able to recover the encrypted data and is able to reasonably estimate the bit error rate for different signal strengths under a noisy AWGN channel. This indicates that the encoder can update the information map in real time to compensate for changing data for both chaotic and hyperchaotic states. This is the evidence that occasional changes in the data stream can be handled by the decoder in a real time application. Numerical evidence indicates algorithmic complexity associated with the hyperchaotic-encrypted and convolutionally-encoded data, provide better security along with the increase in the error correcting capacity of the decoder.
Symmetries of cosmological Cauchy horizons

We consider analytic vacuum and electrovacuum spacetimes which contain a compact null hypersurface ruled byclosed null generators. We prove that each such spacetime has a non-trivial Killing symmetry. We distinguish two classes of null surfaces, degenerate and non-degenerate ones, characterized by the zero or non-zero value of a constant analogous to the “surface gravity” of stationary black holes. We show that the non-degenerate null surfaces are always Cauchy horizons across which the Killing fields change from spacelike (in the globally hyperbolic regions) to timelike (in the acausal, analytic extensions).
Beach morphology and nearshore processes on a sheltered beach — The case of Napatree Beach, Rhode Island

Abstract On the north side of Napatree Beach, short-term changes of the beach-face within the intertidal zone were studied to determine those processes most influential in causing change where nearshore processes are low in magnitude and beach changes are subtle. The data were subjected to multiple linear correlation and stepwise multiple-regression analyses. Tide level accounts for 41% of the explained variation for the relationship between the processes and beach height. Tide level is the only significant element effecting change in the beach profile. Wave height has no influence on changes in beach morphology. Significant results of beach energy associations have been obtained where low-amplitude nearshore processes are present even when beach changes are subtle.
Magnetic-amplifier design part II ¿ The windings

This development of a practical approach to the design of the toroidal magnetic amplifier is based on synthesizing the design from design charts, thus avoiding the necessity for having available detailed data from previous equipment. Starting with a known power supply frequency, together with a desired gain and time constant, the load voltage and current are utilized in determining the core. With the core specified, additional charts and techniques are presented for the winding layout design. The usual heat transfer and resistance computations serve as a check on the initial design synthesis, and these complete the design process. A straightforward and practical step-by-step design procedure is outlined. This paper, the second of two on the subject, is concerned with the winding layout and the completion of the design. Part I,1 presented the design approach and the method of core determination. Thus, information is given making possible the practical and effective design of the magnetic amplifier having toroidal construction.
Adrenergic control of DNA synthesis in developing rat brain regions: Effects of intracisternal administration of isoproterenol

Abstract Catecholamines are hypothesized to control cellular development in the central nervous system. In the current study, isoproterenol administered intracisternally to neonatal rats was found to inhibit DNA synthesis ([ 3 H]thymidine incorporation) in brain regions. The regional selectivity of effect corresponded to the sequence of cellular maturation, namely midbrain+brainstem > cerebral cortex > cerebellum, suggesting that the specific linkage of β-adrenergic receptors to cessation of cell replication occurs during a specific maturational stage.
Design and prototype of a multimedia based statistical tutor

Abstract Statistical analysis is one of the most versatile tools used in the Industrial Engineering function. Yet, statistics poses a major dilemma to many students of I.E. and to practicing I.E.'s because the concepts are not well understood by them. For this reason, statistical analysis is often misused in many cases. We have designed and are currently developing a multimedia-based statistical tutor, using ToolBook TM . This tutor gives the end user capabilities to explore, interactively, the fundamental concepts underlying the various techniques commonly used by Industrial Engineers. Through this exploration, the end user discovers the theory behind the techniques as well as many dynamic examples within the engineering domain.