cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Intra-S-Phase Checkpoint Affects both DNA Replication Initiation and Elongation: Single-Cell and -DNA Fiber Analyses

To investigate the contribution of DNA replication initiation and elongation to the intra-S-phase checkpoint, we examined cells treated with the specific topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin. Camptothecin is a potent anticancer agent producing well-characterized replication-mediated DNA double-strand breaks through the collision of replication forks with topoisomerase I cleavage complexes. After a short dose of camptothecin in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells, DNA replication was inhibited rapidly and did not recover for several hours following drug removal. That inhibition occurred preferentially in late-S-phase, compared to early-S-phase, cells and was due to both an inhibition of initiation and elongation, as determined by pulse-labeling nucleotide incorporation in replication foci and DNA fibers. DNA replication was actively inhibited by checkpoint activation since 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01), the specific Chk1 inhibitor CHIR-124, or transfection with small interfering RNA targeting Chk1 restored both initiation and elongation. Abrogation of the checkpoint markedly enhanced camptothecin-induced DNA damage at replication sites where histone gamma-H2AX colocalized with replication foci. Together, our study demonstrates that the intra-S-phase checkpoint is exerted by Chk1 not only upon replication initiation but also upon DNA elongation.
ErrorFeedback Lattice Filters

This chapter contains sections titled: A Priori Error-Feedback Lattice Filter A Posteriori Error-Feedback Lattice Filter Normalized Lattice Filter
Combining the Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model and the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous to Monitor Treatment Progression

Numerous researchers have identified a gap between empirically based findings on alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment interventions and their utilization within clinical practice. Although there are various reasons for this lack of dissemination and implementation of proven practices, it is important to provide front-line clinicians with a user-friendly and measurable tool that evaluates and monitors clients’ progress during treatment. Because many AOD treatment facilities include some form of 12-step group attendance, particularly Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the natural fit of the transtheoretical stages of change model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1986) would seem a viable option for connecting research and practice within existing treatment programs. We propose a plan for social work clinicians working in the AOD treatment field to integrate the transtheoretical stages of change model into the process of monitoring clients who attend and work the12 Steps of AA. While the stages of change (SOC) model and the 12 Steps of AA (Alcoholics Anonymous, 1976) seem to be complementary, specific connections are not found in the literature. Connecting SOC and 12 Steps can assist treatment providers with client assessment, case formulation, treatment planning, and treatment implementation, along with evaluating and monitoring the client’s SOC process and 12 Step involvement.
Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia in prostatic needle biopsy specimens: A mimic of low grade prostatic adenocarcinoma

The histologic features of five cases of verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) in prostatic needle biopsy specimens are reported. All cases were initially reviewed in consultation by one of two of the authors (JIE or TMW) and in all cases, the submitted differential diagnosis included low grade adenocarcinoma. In all cases, VMGH was characterized by a relatively well-circumscribed collection of closely packed glands, and was typically observed immediately subjacent to urothelium. A basal cell layer was readily identifiable in routine hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections. The luminal contents of the verumontanum mucosal glands were distinctive and consisted of lamellated eosinophilic concretions typical of corpora amylacea, as well as unique orange-red concretions that were commonly fragmented. The histologic features of VMGH are characteristic and allow distinction from other small glandular proliferations of the prostate including nephrogenic adenoma, adenosis (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia), and low grade adenocarcinoma.
Amplification enhancers and replication origins in the autosomal chorion gene cluster of Drosophila.

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster follicle cells over-replicate the chromosomal domain containing the third chromosome chorion gene cluster. Multiple regions of this cluster are needed in cis for attainment of high levels of amplification. We have confirmed the importance of the proposed amplification control element (ACE3) and demonstrated that it can support low levels of follicular amplification in the absence of other elements, but that it lacks detectable activity as a DNA replication origin. We have also demonstrated the existence of additional amplification-enhancing regions (AERs), by analyzing the amplification levels of a series of in situ induced, nested deletions of the chorion cluster. These deletions were induced by P-transposase perturbation of a chorion transposon in a highly amplifying transformed line, and were not accompanied by re-transposition, making possible a quantitative analysis of amplification levels in the absence of chromosomal position effects. Analysis of endogenous replication intermediates in wild-type follicular DNA suggested that at least one of the AERs may be an origin of replication and that amplification uses at least one additional replication origin.
Multi-PD Sources Location by UWB RF Detection in Power Transformers

In most cases,there are multi-PD sources in a very short time intervals when partial discharge fault happens in power transformers,as a result,accurate location of multi-PD sources is the key and premise to success of transformers PD location technology.In this paper,the ultra-wideband(UWB)radio frequency(RF)location method was used,this method integrated PD RF detection and antenna array techniques based on Huygens-Fresnel principle of electromagnetic waves propagation,the PD electromagnetic radiation waves were received by 4 sensors array,getting the time difference of arrival(TDOA)as PD location calculation parameters,then,the PD location could be calculated by the Time-Difference location algorithm,demonstrating high sensitivity and accuracy for single PD source location by experiments in laboratory.Multi-PD sources location was also studied using the UWB RF location method.The results indicate that location error of every PD source is less than 10 centimeters.Moreover,a practical location case is given on a real transformer,it is a useful attempt to the practical direction of the UWB RF location method.
Pharmacologic, Pharmacokinetic, and Clinical Assessment of Illicitly Used γ-Hydroxybutyrate

γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a common drug of abuse and poses important health risks to users in the form of respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, or traumatic adverse events. GHB has non-dose-proportional effects and pharmacologic effects such as sedation and retrograde amnesia, which can incapacitate people targeted for assault. It has Krebs cycle metabolism, rapid clearance, relative hydrophilicity, and unique drug interactions. Promptly seeking medical attention during intentional or inadvertent overdose is critical to survival, as is prompt supportive care once medical personnel are alerted. People drugged before assault also need to promptly notify authorities because the period to detect the drug in the urine or blood is brief and the ultimate metabolites are carbon dioxide and water. After acute treatment has passed, withdrawal could be severe in chronic abusers that could harm the patient directly or drive them back into reuse.
Memories of Physical Education.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore college students' autobiographical memories of physical education (PE). Questionnaires were distributed to students enrolled in undergraduate Introduction to PE and Introduction to Communications courses. The 261 participants wrote about memories of PE. These students recalled events from Grades Kâ€“4, 5â€“8, and 9â€“12. Memories were coded by using themes and activities. Positive and Negative Interpersonal Experiences were the most frequent themes for School of PE majors, and Positive and Negative Learning Experiences were the most frequent themes for non-School of PE majors. Additional themes included Injuries, Participant as Hero, and Embarrassment. Activities included Running/Track, Dodgeball, Basketball, and Bat/Ball Games. School of PE majors rated their memories of PE more pleasant than non-School of PE majors. Many people have strong feelings about physical education (PE). Too often politicians, pundits, and parents decry the state of PE in schools. Their opinions may be based upon their own experiences in PE when they were in school. In this investigation, the researchers wanted to examine what people remembered from PE in kindergarten through Grade 12. What people remember about PE during their school years may affect how they perceive the value of the PE profession.
The Technological Environment and Organization Boundary Conditions: A Theoretical Discussion of Opening and Closing Phenomena with Design Implications

Organization theorists have considered ‘technology’ and ‘environment’ to be separate conceptual units affecting and affected by organizational behavior. This paper examines the impact on organizational change of degrees of uncertainty about some ‘Technological Environment’. These constraining boundary conditions are used as a basis for modeling organizational opening/ closing phenomena and to develop organization design guidelines.
Feminism and Copyright in Digital Media

This chapter examines the relationship between hypermedia and feminist discourse, critiquing the role of copyright in controlling or suppressing such discourses. Hypertext and related media may lend themselves to relational webs of meaning rather than linear progressions of meaning. Given the importance of non-hierarchical, associative webs to feminist discourse, digital media may lend themselves to feminist modes of thinking or, at a minimum, challenge dominant textual constructions. However, current copyright doctrine assumes that works remain linear, hierarchical, and controlled. The exclusive rights conferred by copyright and, most especially, the right of adaptation lend themselves to authorial control over not only the text, but to a reader’s use of the text. This deterrent characteristic of copyright has appeared in several recent legal disputes involving hypertext linking and annotation. Thus, copyright remains hostile to non-traditional collaborative or relational user engagement. This hostility may ultimately frustrate copyright’s purpose of promoting the “progress” of knowledge. This chapter appears in the book, Intellectual Property Rights in a Networked World: Theory and Practice, edited by Richard A. Spinello and Herman T. Tavan . Copyright © 2005, Idea G oup Inc. Copying or distribut ng in print or lectronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING
Optimized Standard Cells for All-Spin Logic

All-Spin Logic (ASL) devices provide a promising spintronics-based alternative for Boolean logic implementations in the post-Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) era. In principle, any logic functionality can be implemented in ASL. In practice, the performance of an ASL gate is significantly affected by layout choices, but such implications have not been adequately explored in the past. This article proposes a systematic approach for building standard cells in ASL, which are a basic building block in an overall design methodology for implementing large ASL-based circuits. We first propose a new technique to reduce the magnet count for an ASL majority gate but still ensure correct functioning through layout optimization methods. Building on physics-based analysis, we then build a standard cell library with diverse functionality and characterize the library for delay, energy, and area. We perform delay-optimized technology mapping on ISCAS85 benchmark circuits using our library. Our approach results in circuits that are 12.90% faster, consume 26.16% less energy, and are 33.56% more area efficient compared to a standard cell library that does not incorporate layout-based optimization techniques of our work.
Prospective Evaluation of Opioid Consumption Following Hand Surgery Performed Wide Awake Versus With Sedation.

Background: We prospectively evaluated opioid consumption postoperatively following trigger finger release (TFR) and open carpal tunnel release (CTR), and hypothesized that cases performed wide awa...
Analytical Calculation of Breakdown Voltage for Dielectric RESURF Power Devices

Dielectric REduced SURface Field (RESURF) is a promising concept to enhance the breakdown voltage of power semiconductor devices. This letter reports a set of simple and unified analytical equations to calculate the breakdown voltage, critical electric field, and depletion widths for dielectric RESURF p-n junctions. These analytical models are derived from the basic power law relationship between the p-n junction breakdown voltage and doping concentration, and use the material and structural information of the dielectric RESURF p-n junction as variables to accurately predict reverse bias performance. The analytically calculated results are compared with 2D TCAD simulation results for Si, GaN, and SiC in combination with dielectrics, such as SiO2 and Si3N4, and show reasonable agreement well within 10% of error.
Oral candidiasis: relation to systemic diseases and medications

Background: Oral candidiasis is by far the most common oral fungal infection in humans. It is caused by the fungal organism Candida albicans . When the host is debilitated by other diseases and conditions, C. albicans , which is usually a part of the normal oral flora, can turn pathogenic and invade the host tissue to cause the infection. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of systemic diseases and medications in the development of oral candidiasis. Methods: A total of 12 cases with code indicating oral candidiasis were collected from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository. The systemic diseases and medications were descriptively analyzed. Results: 50% of the subjects had more than two systemic diseases. The most prevalent diseases were mental illnesses (50%), cardiovascular diseases (41.7%), and respiratory system diseases (33.3%). 50% of subjects were on polypharmacy therapies and 75% of subjects were taking medications that may contribute to oral candidiasis. Among the medications, antidepressants and inhalational corticosteroids may have strong potentials to cause oral candidiasis. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis is associated with having systemic diseases and intake of medication, especially with those medications can cause xerostomia. As the number of systemic diseases and medications increases, the risk of developing oral candidiasis may increase too.
Low-Temperature Characterization of Cu–Cu:Silica-Based Programmable Metallization Cell

In this letter, low-temperature characterization of Cu–Cu:silica programmable metallization cells (PMC) is presented. Our results show that the PMC device is functional even at 4 K and that the low resistance state is essentially unaffected by temperature whereas the high resistance state increases with decreasing temperature. A direct tunneling model is applied to explain the temperature independent low-resistance state.
Accelerated Rehabilitation Following Repair of Proximal Hamstring Avulsion: 4 Year Outcomes

Objectives:Proximal hamstring tears are relatively uncommon injuries, but can lead to persistent pain and disability. Previous literature has described avulsion of all three proximal tendons, avuls...
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: an uncommon cause of reversible heart failure

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is increasingly being diagnosed as a cause of acute coronary syndrome in postmenopausal women. It may also present as reversible acute left heart failure with an excellent prognosis for recovery. Although rare, it may be an underdiagnosed condition in the medical intensive care units among patients admitted with non-cardiac acute conditions. Therefore, intensivists must be aware of the possibility of this condition; this can help to avoid unnecessary costly investigations and provide an early, definite prognosis.
Interaction of FLC and late-flowering mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The phenotype caused by mutations that affect the timing of flowering inArabidopsis thaliana has been most extensively analyzed in the Landsbergerecta (Ler) genetic background. In Ler, the late-flowering phenotype ofFRIGIDA and mutations inLUMINIDEPENDENS is suppressed by the Ler allele ofFLC. In this study, the interactions of nine mutations conferring late flowering with theFLC allele of the Columbia ecotype (FLC-Col), which does not suppress late flowering, were examined. The effect on flowering time of combining six of the mutations withFLC-Col was additive; plants containingFLC-Col withfd, gi, fwa, fha, ft, andfe flowered slightly later than plants containing these mutations with theLer allele ofFLC. In contrast, a synergistic effect was observed betweenFLC-Col and three mutations;fca, fpa, andfve plants became extremely late flowering when combined withFLC-Col. Maximum delay in flowering for the majority of the mutant strains requiredFLC-Col in a homozygous state, although forfpa andfe a single copy ofFLC-Col allowed maximum lateness. In addition, thefd andfe mutations became more dominant in the presence ofFLC-Col.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Connectedness to Nature and Landscape Preferences Among College Students

Abstract An extensive body of environmental psychology, outdoor recreation, and landscape preference research reports that blacks are alienated from nature, fearful of it, and prefer urbanized and ...
Die Abrechnung mit Standard-Kosten

Eine wirksame Abrechnung mit Standardkosten mus: 1. die Erzeugungskosten in Standard-Geldeinheiten wiedergeben. Dabei bilden die Standard-Geldeinheiten den Vergleichsmasstab. 2. die Standardkosten in einer geeigneten Form fur den Vergleich mit den Ist-Kosten zusammenstellen. 3. die Abweichungen zwischen Standard- und Ist-Kosten feststellen und so die Kostentendenz bestimmen.
An Evaluation of Direct Aging to Achieve Optimum Mechanical Properties for the Metastable Beta Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al Alloy

Metastable beta titanium alloys are usually given a conventional solution treating and aging heat treatment to achieve high strength. This has been the case for the alloy Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al. The present paper examines an alternate heat treatment for Ti-8823, that of direct aging after fabrication. Material for this study was fabricated by extrusion processes that provide reduction of a) 30%; and b) 83–84% during hot working for which two different heat treatments are considered: a conventional solution treatment and age, and a direct age. The extrusion temperature was also varied for the material that had undergone the larger amount of reduction. Static tension, torsion, and fracture toughness properties are determined for various through-the-thickness locations. Also reported are crack growth data and uniaxial S-N fatigue curves obtained from tests run at an R ratio of 0.1. The information from these tests enables a comparison between the solution treated and aged, and the direct aged conditions for the larger amount of reduction. Except for the crack growth behavior these data are compared to that obtained from material that has received 30% reduction during hot working.
The BIMA Survey of Nearby Galaxies (BIMA SONG)

BIMA SONG is a systematic imaging study of the 3 mm CO J = 1 → 0molecular emission within the centres and discs of 44 nearby spiral galaxies on size scales of a few hundred parsecs (6-9"). The overall goal of the survey is to study the role of molecular gas in the evolution of spiral galaxies. To this end, BIMA SONG addresses 1) the distribution and physical conditions of the molecular gas in galactic discs and its relation to star formation, 2) the effects of a stellar bar on the kinematics of molecular gas, including the possible inflow of gas along a bar, and 3) the distribution and role of molecular gas in the central few hundred parsecs of active and quiescent galaxies. The source list includes all (except M33and M31) 44 galaxies of Hubble types Sa–Sd, with declinations δ >−20°, visual magnitudes B < 11.0, velocities v hel <2000 km s-1, and inclinations i < 70°. Beyond the specific scientific questions we will address, this survey will provide a unique database for astronomers who study galaxies at all wavelengths.
Examining Online Vaccination Discussion and Communities in Twitter

Many states in the US allow a "belief exemption" for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines. People's opinion on whether or not to take the vaccine could have direct consequences in public health--- once the vaccine refusal of a group within a population is higher than what herd immunity can tolerate, a disease can transmit fast causing large scale of disease outbreaks. Social media has been one of the dominant communication channels for people to express their opinions of vaccination. Despite governmental organizations' efforts of disseminating information of vaccination benefits, anti-vaccine sentiment is still gaining its momentum, especially on social media. This research investigates the communicative patterns of anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine users in Twitter by studying the retweet network from 660,892 tweets related to MMR vaccine published by 269,623 users after the 2015 California Disneyland measles outbreak. Using supervised learning, we classified the users into anti-vaccination, neutral to vaccination, and pro-vaccination groups. Using a combination of opinion groups and retweet network structural community detection, we discovered that pro- and anti-vaccine users retweet predominantly from their own opinion group, while users with neutral opinions are distributed across communities. For most cross-group communication, it was found that pro-vaccination users were retweeting anti-vaccination users than vice-versa. The paper concludes that anti-vaccine Twitter users are highly clustered and enclosed communities, and this makes it difficult for health organizations to penetrate and counter opinionated information. We believe that this finding may be useful in developing strategies for health communication of vaccination and overcome some the limits of current strategies.
Cooperative Effects between Hydrophilic Pores and Solvents: Catalytic Consequences of Hydrogen Bonding on Alkene Epoxidation in Zeolites

Hydrophobic voids within titanium silicates have long been considered necessary to achieve high rates and selectivities for alkene epoxidations with H2O2. The catalytic consequences of silanol groups and their stabilization of hydrogen-bonded networks of water (H2O), however, have not been demonstrated in ways that lead to a clear understanding of their importance. We compare turnover rates for 1-octene epoxidation and H2O2 decomposition over a series of Ti-substituted zeolite *BEA (Ti-BEA) that encompasses a wide range of densities of silanol nests ((SiOH)4). The most hydrophilic Ti-BEA gives epoxidation turnover rates that are 100 times larger than those in defect-free Ti-BEA, yet rates of H2O2 decomposition are similar for all (SiOH)4 densities. These differences cause the most hydrophilic Ti-BEA to also give the highest selectivities, which defies conventional wisdom. Spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and kinetic evidence indicate that these catalytic differences are not due to changes in the electronic affinity of the active site, the electronic structure of Ti-OOH intermediates, or the mechanism for epoxidation. Comparisons of apparent activation enthalpies and entropies show that differences in epoxidation rates and selectivities reflect favorable entropy gains produced when epoxidation transition states disrupt hydrogen-bonded H2O clusters anchored to (SiOH)4 near active sites. Transition states for H2O2 decomposition hydrogen bond with H2O in ways similar to Ti-OOH reactive species, such that decomposition becomes insensitive to the presence of (SiOH)4. Collectively, these findings clarify how molecular interactions between reactive species, hydrogen-bonded solvent networks, and polar surfaces can influence rates and selectivities for epoxidation (and other reactions) in zeolite catalysts.
Wick Ordering Associated with the (p, q)-Gaussian White Noise Process

In this paper the quantum decomposition associated with the noncommutative analog of Gaussian white noise processes for the relation of the Chakrabarti–Jagannathan deformed quantum oscillator algebra is investigated. The constructed decomposition with the (p, q)-deformed commutation relations of the pointwise creation and annihilation operators is used to solve the problem of normal wick ordering for white noise operators on the (p, q)-deformed Fock space.
Class A Results and Analysis

Class A simulations describe situations featuring intermittent workloads. In Simulation2, two users submit equal but complementary workloads. As the number of users increases—to 6 in Simulation6, 11 in Simulation10, and 21 in Simulation14—one user’s submission rate stays constant while the workload from the second user (5000 tasks) is distributed among the rest of the users in the system. In Simulation6, users 1–5 submit 1000 tasks each and 5000 total, while user 6 submits 5000 tasks on their own. In Simulation10, users 1–10 submit 500 tasks each, while user 11 submits 5000 tasks on their own. In Simulation14, users 1–20 submit 250 tasks each, while user 21 submits 5000 tasks on their own.
Slowing is slowing: Delayed neural responses to words are linked to abnormally slow resting state activity in primary progressive aphasia.

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders are often characterized by neuronal “slowing,” which may be assessed in different ways. In the present study, we examined the latency of neural responses to linguistic stimuli in participants diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), as well as changes in the power spectra of resting state activity, both measured with MEG. Compared to both age-matched and younger controls, patients with PPA showed a delayed latency of 8–30 Hz event-related desynchronization (ERD) in response to semantic anomalies. In addition, resting-state MEG revealed increased power in the lower frequency delta and theta bands, but decreased activity in the higher alpha and beta bands. The task-induced and spontaneous measures of neural dynamics were related, such that increased peak latencies in response to words were correlated with a shift of spontaneous oscillatory dynamics towards lower frequencies. In contrast, older controls showed similar task related ERD latencies as younger controls, but also “speeding” of spontaneous activity, i.e. a shift towards faster frequencies. In PPA patients both increased peak latencies on task and increased slow oscillations at rest were associated with less accurate performance on the language task and poorer performance on offline cognitive measures, beyond variance accounted for by structural atrophy. A mediation analysis indicated that increased theta power accounted for the relationship between delayed electrophysiological responses and reduced accuracy in PPA patients. These results indicate that the neuropathological changes in PPA result in slowing of both task-related and spontaneous neuronal activity, linked to functional decline, whereas the speeding of spontaneous activity in healthy aging seems to have a protective or compensatory effect.
Measuring electronic communication networks in virtual care teams using electronic health records access-log data

Abstract Objective To develop methods for measuring electronic communication networks in virtual care teams using electronic health records (EHR) access-log data. Methods For a convenient sample of 100 surgical colorectal cancer patients, we used time-stamped EHR access-log data extracted from an academic medical center’s EHR system to construct communication networks among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in each patient’s virtual care team. We measured communication linkages between HCPs using the inverse of the average time between access events in which the source HCPs sent information to and the destination HCPs retrieved information from the EHR system. Social network analysis was used to examine and visualize communication network structures, identify principal care teams, and detect meaningful structural differences across networks. We conducted a non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to test the association between care teams’ communication network structures and patients’ cancer stage and site. Results The 100 communication networks showed substantial variations in size and structures. Principal care teams, the subset of HCPs who formed the core of the communication networks, had higher proportions of nurses, physicians, and pharmacists and a lower proportion of laboratory medical technologists than the overall networks. The distributions of conditional uniform graph quantiles suggested that our network-construction technique captured meaningful underlying structures that were different from random unstructured networks. MANOVA results found that the networks’ topologies were associated with patients’ cancer stage and site. Conclusions This study demonstrates that it is feasible to use EHR access-log data to measure and examine communication networks in virtual care teams. The proposed methods captured salient communication patterns in care teams that were associated with patients’ clinical differences.
Reliability-Based Mechanical Design, Volume 2: Component under Cyclic Load and Dimension Design with Required Reliability

A component will not be reliable unless it is designed with required reliability. Reliability-Based Mechanical Design uses the reliability to link all design parameters of a component together to form a limit state function for mechanical design. This design methodology uses the reliability to replace the factor of safety as a measure of the safe status of a component. The goal of this methodology is to design a mechanical component with required reliability and at the same time, quantitatively indicates the failure percentage of the component. Reliability-Based Mechanical Design consists of two separate books: Volume 1: Component under Static Load, and Volume 2: Component under Cyclic Load and Dimension Design with Required Reliability. This book is Reliability-Based Mechanical Design, Volume 2: Component under Cyclic Load and Dimension Design with Required Reliability. It begins with a systematic description of a cyclic load. Then, the books use two probabilistic fatigue theories to establish the limit state function of a component under cyclic load, and further to present how to calculate the reliability of a component under a cyclic loading spectrum. Finally, the book presents how to conduct dimension design of typical components such as bar, pin, shaft, beam under static load, or cyclic loading spectrum with required reliability. Now, the designed component will be reliable because it has been designed with the required reliability. The book presents many examples for each topic and provides a wide selection of exercise problems at the end of each chapter. This book is written as a textbook for senior mechanical engineering students after they study the course Design of Machine Elements or a similar course. This book is also a good reference for design engineers and presents design methods in such sufficient detail that those methods are readily used in the design.
Valuing the resources and experiences of refugee-background learners: A principled approach to teaching and learning Academic Language

ABSTRACTAlthough there is now a good deal of research on whether, when, and how to teach Academic Language (AL), we still have a limited understanding of the various ways and reasons we might teach...
The use of flow type dependent strain reduction factor to improve fiber orientation predictions for an injection molded center-gated disk

To predict fiber orientation for injection molded parts, it is important to use a slow-kinetics orientation model and pay careful attention to the role of flow kinematics on orientation evolution speed. A model incorporating the impact of flow type on the fiber reorientation rate was tested by comparing with experimental data measured in an injection molded center-gated disk for both short and long glass fiber thermoplastics. Unlike the existing orientation models using a constant factor, a variable strain reduction factor (SRF) is expressed as a function of an objective flow-type parameter reflecting local flow kinematics. The use of this model improved the fiber orientation predictions at locations where the constant SRF, obtained from simple shear flow, deviated significantly from that based on the local flow kinematics.
Microservices made attack-resilient using unsupervised service fissioning

Application-layer DoS attacks are increasing as the number of cloud-deployed microservice applications is increasing. The attacker tries to exhaust computing resources and brings the nominal applications down by exploiting application-layer vulnerabilities. As traditional solutions for volumetric DoS attacks will not be able to handle these attacks, new approaches are required to detect and respond to application-layer attacks. In this work, we propose an unsupervised, non-intrusive and application-agnostic detection approach and fissioning based response mechanism. We built our prototype on Kubernetes, the state of the art container orchestrator for microservices, and show its effectiveness through experimental evaluation. Our preliminary results show that using our detection and defense mechanism, we are able to a) efficiently identify the attacks and b) reduce the effect of the attack on legitimate users by 3× compared to a case where there is no detection/defense in place.
Deletion correcting codes meet the Littlewood–Offord problem

In this paper, we make a novel connection between information theory and additive combinatorics; more specifically, between deletion/insertion correcting codes and the celebrated Littlewood–Offord problem. We see how results from one area can have an impact on the other area and vice versa. In particular, a result on the Littlewood–Offord problem gives a nice upper bound for the size of the Levenshtein code and the Helberg code (and possibly other variants of these codes). Also, a recent result on the deletion correcting codes gives a modular analogue of the Littlewood–Offord problem which generalizes the results of Vaughan and Wooley (Q J Math Oxf Ser (2) 42(2):379–386, 1991) (obtained using tools from analytic number theory and properties of exponential sums) and of Griggs (Bull Am Math Soc (N.S.) 28:329–333, 1993) (obtained using a combinatorial argument). This novel connection might opens up new doors to research in these or other related areas.
Rheological evolution of a pseudotachylyte-bearing deep crustal shear zone in the western Canadian shield

Abstract Crustal-scale continental strike-slip fault systems are typically thought to be thermally segregated into an upper seismogenic expression and a lower zone of ductile deformation likely extending into the lower crust. The ability of the lower crust to sustain stress is fundamental to understanding the mechanical behavior of the lithosphere, yet significant debate exists regarding the strength of the ductile crust. The Cora Lake shear zone in the western Churchill Province of the Canadian Shield is a 4–7 km wide zone of granulite-to upper amphibolite-facies mylonite which hosts synkinematic pseudotachylyte, suggesting a locally strong lower crust. Kilometer-scale mapping suggests that the shear zone localized at a major lithological and terrane boundary, with the pseudotachylyte network centered within the ca. 1 km-wide more intensely deformed, finer-grained ultramylonitic core. In this contribution, we use optical petrography and electron-backscatter diffraction to describe microstructure across a transect of the Cora Lake shear zone. By combining these observations with grain size piezometry, experimental flow laws, and regional pressure-temperature paths, we conclude that stress amplification from a relatively common type of km-scale lithological heterogeneity and cooling history is the most reasonable explanation for the deep crustal pseudotachylyte.
Changing perspectives on goal-directed attention control: The past, present, and future of modeling fixations during visual search

Abstract People make eye movements while interacting with objects, and these behaviors are rich with information about how visual goals are represented in the brain and used to prioritize sequential motor behavior. Here we adopt a real-world perspective and define goal-directed attention control as the guidance (or biasing) of gaze to target-object goals that have uncertain visual appearance. Specifically, we review models of goal-directed attention control that have attempted to predict the behavioral fixations made in the search for target-category goals in images. We will show how modeling perspectives on this question changed over the decades. Using the year 2020 as a reference, we will critically review the recent past of the categorical search modeling literature (~ 2000–2010), the literature defining our present (~ 2010–2020), and speculate about the future of search models and the directions that the literature may turn in the next decade (~ 2020–2030).
Comparison of ultrasound-guided versus fluoroscopy-guided reduction of forearm fractures in children

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can be used to guide and assess reduction of pediatric forearm fractures. In this study, we sought to compare the success rate of ultrasound-guided fracture reduction with fluoroscopy-guided fracture reduction. We also sought to determine whether there are cost or time benefits to using ultrasound instead of fluoroscopy. The electronic medical records of patients less than 18 years of age presenting to a pediatric emergency department with a forearm fracture between April 2016 and March 2019 were screened for inclusion in this study. A total of 27 ultrasound-guided reductions were identified during this time period and 81 fluoroscopy-guided reductions were randomly selected for comparison. Cost data was provided by the financial department. Reduction success, total length of stay, and costs were compared between the two groups, and multiple linear regression was used to determine the influence of any confounding predictor variables. There were no failed reductions in either group. Length of stay was shorter in the POCUS group (221 min) compared with the fluoroscopy group (254 min, p = 0.014), but this significance was lost in the regression model when adjusted for ketamine use. Provider costs ($430 v $442, p = 0.822) and total costs ($1219 v $1204, p = 0.851) were the same between the POCUS group and the fluoroscopy group, respectively. POCUS appears to be an equally effective imaging modality to guide reduction of forearm fractures as compared to fluoroscopy.
Vedolizumab or Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonist Use and Risk of New or Recurrent Cancer in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Prior Malignancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background & Aims Treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) who have a prior history of cancer pose a unique challenge. The impact of Vedolizumab (VDZ) on the risk of new or recurrent cancers in patients with a previous malignancy is unknown. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients with IBD with a history of current or prior cancer who were subsequently initiated on VDZ, tumor necrosis factor α antagonists (anti-TNF), or had no immunosuppressive therapy after the index cancer diagnosis. The occurrence of a new primary cancer or recurrent cancer was ascertained on follow-up. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard models were used to determine the independent effect of post-cancer treatment on new/recurrent cancer. Results The study included 96 patients exposed to VDZ after a prior diagnosis of cancer who were compared to 184 and 183 patients exposed to anti-TNF or no immunosuppressive therapy, respectively. The most common primary cancer were solid tumors (50%). Over a median of 6.2 person-years of follow-up, 18 patients on VDZ developed new (7) or recurrent (11) cancer corresponding to a rate of 22 per 1000 person-years after cancer diagnosis. In a multivariable Cox-model, after adjusting for confounders, there was no increase in the risk of new or recurrent cancer with VDZ (HR 1.38 95% CI 0.38 – 1.36) or anti-TNF therapy (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.65 – 1.64), when compared to no IS. Conclusions Neither Vedolizumab nor TNF-antagonists were associated with increased risk of new or recurrent cancers in patients with prior malignancy.
Quality Evaluation and Functional Properties of Reduced Sugar Jellies Formulated from Citrus Fruits

In Tunisia, despite the large annual production and the numerous citrus varieties under cultivation, citrus processing industries lack product diversity. Products based on dietary properties are a new trend aiming to develop innovative foods and to meet the requirements of the new customer class. In the present study, formulations of reduced sugar jelly products using antioxidant rich-fruit, citrus, were carried out. The effects of citrus juices on the jelly’s antioxidant properties, colour, consistency, and sensory evaluation were also investigated. Results showed that all citrus jellies maintain their antioxidant activity, correlated with phenolic content presence. In fact, total phenolic contents ranged between 123.16 and 192.76 mg GAE/100 g, while flavonoid content varied between 1.54 and 9.06 mg QE/100 g for grapefruit jelly and blood orange jelly, respectively. Results illustrated that antioxidant activity varies according to the variety. A sensory evaluation employing hedonic scale technique exhibited satisfactory acceptance of the reduced sugar blood orange and blond maltase jellies. These results highlight and promote the potential use of these citrus varieties in jelly industry as they present a rich source of phenolic compounds and may generate numerous phytochemicals with potential health promoting properties.
Explainable Multivariate Time Series Classification: A Deep Neural Network Which Learns to Attend to Important Variables As Well As Time Intervals

Many real-world applications, e.g., healthcare, present multi-variate time series prediction problems. In such settings, in addition to the predictive accuracy of the models, model transparency and explainability are paramount. We consider the problem of building explainable classifiers from multi-variate time series data. A key criterion to understand such predictive models involves elucidating and quantifying the contribution of time varying input variables to the classification. Hence, we introduce a novel, modular, convolution-based feature extraction and attention mechanism that simultaneously identifies the variables as well as time intervals which determine the classifier output. We present results of extensive experiments with several benchmark data sets that show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods on multi-variate time series classification task. The results of our case studies demonstrate that the variables and time intervals identified by the proposed method make sense relative to available domain knowledge.
EM Estimation of the X-Ray Spectrum With a Genetically Optimized Step-Wedge Phantom

The energy spectrum of an X-ray tube plays an important role in computed tomography (CT), and is often estimated from physical measurement of dedicated phantoms. Usually, this estimation problem is reduced to solving a system of linear equations, which is generally ill-conditioned. In this paper, we optimize a phantom design to find the most effective combinations of thicknesses for different materials. First, we analyze the ill-posedness of the energy spectrum inversion when the number of unknown variables (N) and measurements (M) are equal, and show the condition number of the system matrix increases exponentially with N if the transmission thicknesses are linearly changed. Then, we present a genetic optimization algorithm to minimize the condition number of the system matrix in a general case (M < N) with respect to the selection of thicknesses and types of phantom materials. Finally, in the simulation with Poisson noise we demonstrate the accuracy of the spectrum estimation using the expectation-maximum algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed method allows high-quality spectrum estimation, and the number of measurements is reduced over two thirds of that required by the widely-used method using a phantom with linearly-changed thicknesses.
Development and Comparison of a Panel of Modified CS17 Fimbrial Tip Adhesin Proteins as Components for an Adhesin-Based Vaccine against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in travelers and children in resource-limited countries. ETEC colonization factors, fimbrial tip adhesins and enterotoxins are key virulence factors, and thus have been studied as vaccine candidates. Some prevalent colonization factors, including CFA/I and CS17, belong to the class 5 family. We previously found that passive oral administration of hyperimmune bovine colostral IgG (bIgG) raised against dscCfaE (donor strand complemented CFA/I tip adhesin) protected volunteers against CFA/I+ ETEC challenge, while anti-dscCsbD bIgG (CS17 tip adhesin) did not confer protection. These findings led us to develop and optimize a panel of alternative CsbD-based vaccine candidates based on allele matching and in silico protein engineering. Physicochemical characterizations revealed that an optimized vaccine candidate dscCsbDLSN139(P218A/G3) had the greatest thermal stability among the six tested dscCsbD adhesins, whereas the overall secondary structures and solubility of these adhesins had no obvious differences. Importantly, dscCsbDLSN139(P218A/G3) elicited significantly higher CS17+ ETEC hemagglutination inhibition titers in sera from mice intranasally immunized with the panel of dscCsbD adhesins, while no significant difference was observed among heterologous neutralizing titers. Our results strongly advocate for the incorporation of these modifications into a new generation of CsbD-based ETEC vaccine candidates.
Behavioral Health Services use Among Racial and Ethnic Groups: Results from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)

Access and utilization of behavioral health services is a public health issue, yet disparities among racial/ethnic groups persist, resulting in fewer access points and lower utilization. Using pooled 2015 and 2016 California Health Interview Survey (N = 42,089) data of diverse adults, this study examines provider access points for behavioral health services use. Latinx (OR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.38–0.80), Asian (OR = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.17–0.59), and first generation (OR = 0.56, 95% CI, .38-.83) individuals, reported lower odds of accessing specialty care behavioral health services, compared to no services. First generation adults reported lower odds accessing a primary care physician (OR = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.44–0.98), compared to none. Results advance knowledge of behavioral health services access points among racial, ethnic and immigrant groups, following passage of the California Mental Health Services Act. Findings suggest primary care may be an important entry point for behavioral health service use engagement among underserved populations.