cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dracula's teeth syndrome.

Objective.—To describe a patient with facial pain, ipsilateral facial dystonia, and phantom supernumerary teeth, beginning after resection of hypertrophic gums. She had familial sensorineural deafness. Background.—Atypical cranial dystonia subsequent to dental procedures is associated with facial pain, dysesthesias, or phantom phenomena, but not with phantom supernumerary teeth. Patients with migraine are susceptible to experience cephalic phantom phenomena after dental procedures. Wynne syndrome is a hereditary autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural deafness and supernumerary teeth. Methods.—Clinical examination, computerized tomography of paranasal sinuses and facial bones, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, cranial electrophysiological testing, and electroencephalogram. Results.—A 52-year-old woman with history of migraine without aura for 40 years exhibited focal right facial involuntary tonic contracture accompanying chronic severe pain over the same area after gum resection. She reported a daily sensation of having two extra upper canine teeth pressing on her tongue, simulating vampire's (“Dracula's”) teeth. She had high-frequency bilateral sensorineural deafness. Her computerized tomography studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and cranial electrophysiological testing were normal. Conclusion.—This patient with chronic migraine had atypical cranial dystonia beginning after a dental procedure. Her dystonia was complicated by the unusual phenomenon of phantom supernumerary teeth. This condition may be misdiagnosed as atypical or psychogenic facial pain when facial dystonia is localized or subtle and is, therefore, confused with an idiosyncratic gesture or habitual spasm. Her signs and symptoms are reminiscent of Wynne syndrome.
Effects of heterogeneity shape on sintering induced stresses

Etude, par analyse de contraintes residuelles, de l'effet d'heterogeneites de forme spherique ou cylindrique, ayant une densite initiale plus elevee et une vitesse de frittage plus faible que la matrice
Technical note: Acquisition of CT models for radiotherapy applications with reduced tube heating

The potential or changing computed tomography (CT) protocols to provide data sets that generate high quality digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) from scans with very low tube currents is demonstrated. DRRs were generated from CT data acquired with slice thickness of 1, 3, and 5 mm, using high current to reduce noise in axial images. These DRRs were compared to one generated from a CT scan acquired using 1 mm aperture and very low (10 mA) current. The DRR generated via this technique is comparable to that generated with high current and 1 mm aperture, and higher resolution than from the 3 and 5 mm CT scans.
A fluorescence microscopy based genetic screen to identify mutants altered for interactions with host cells.

The study of microbial intracellular pathogenesis has benefited from the application of immunofluorescence microscopy to characterize interactions of the pathogen with host cells. Unfortunately, immunofluorescence microscopy is impractical for screening the large number of bacterial mutants necessary to represent the entire genome of the pathogen. Screening has been limited due to the lack of materials suitable for high-throughput processing (e.g. 96-well plates) that also possess the optical features needed for high resolution fluorescence microscopy. Recently marketed 96-well Special Optics (SO) plates provide both the 96-well template ideal for high-throughput analysis and optical features suitable for fluorescence microscopy. Until this work, mutants needed for the study of a fluorescence-based virulence phenotype could not be obtained by direct screening approaches. In this study, SO plates were used to examine 11520 individual Salmonella typhimurium MudJ mutants for the loss of the ability to disrupt host cell endocytic compartments. The direct application of the fluorescence phenotype for screening allowed us to obtain a set of mutants to characterize the formation of lysosomal membrane glycoprotein (lgp) containing tubules upon Salmonella infection of HeLa epithelial cells. This approach will facilitate the characterization of a wide range of microbial phenotypes detectable by fluorescence microscopy.
Multi-user MIMO systems: the future in the making

The consummation of all the research work in MU-MIMO systems will be in the form of a standard. It will require collating all the research findings into a deployable standard with well defined transmit and receive processing, scheduling options, receiver training fields, CSI feedback rates, and other specifications essential for compatibility. MU-MIMO technology offers aspiring researchers an exciting challenge and an opportunity to work on a solution that vies for a spot that will make it key technology in future cellular systems. This article aims at giving an insight into MU-MIMO systems - its concept, fundamentals, and trends including an overview/of important research results. It is intended at giving a good start to amateurs interested in being part of the community that shapes the future of wireless systems.
A model of Saharan dust deposition to the eastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract The regional deposition of mineral dust aerosols was simulated from May–October 1999 using a simple two-dimensional model developed specifically to estimate high-resolution (kilometer scale) iron fertilization within the eastern Gulf of Mexico. In this model, daily atmospheric dust concentrations were assumed to be homogeneous over the model domain, where measurements at Miami served as the forcing function. Spatial deposition was driven by spatial variation in precipitation, i.e. wet deposition processes. A daily accumulation index (DAI) was formulated in order to provide high-resolution rainfall rates over time and space. The model calculated that 0.9–2.2 g dust m− 2 (28–78 mg Fe m− 2) was deposited over the model domain during the 6-month simulation. Wet deposition was responsible for 82–93% of total dust deposition. The highest concentrations of dust (iron) were deposited along the coast of west central Florida between 26° and 29°N latitude (Tampa Bay to Charlotte Harbor). This region saw the largest amount of precipitation during periods of elevated mineral dust, with 44–64% of total annual deposition occurring during 5 wet deposition events.
Critical notes on an alleged operationalization of the concept of spatial utility.

In a recent paper published in Demograhy Brown, Horton and Wittick (1970) maintained that the concept of place utility may be operationalized by normative models of migration which have an identifiable place utility component and proposed one such model. The pa.per reiterates, using slightly different formulations, a statement and a model discussed in a previous paper (Brown and Longbrake, 1969). Their model involves a cost minimizing linear programming allocation of intraurban migrants to vacancies. The dua.l variables of the problem are interpreted as measures of place utility. In this note it is shown that the interpretation of the dual variables on which the paper is based is contradictory and untenable. The paper assumes origins and destinations containing, respectively, migrants and vacancies. Migrants are allocated to vacancies so as to minimize "migration costs" subject to the conditions that (a) no more migrants be shipped out of any origin than are available there and that (b) all vacancies be filled at all destinations. The total number of migrants equals that of the vacancies. The migration cost between the ith origin and the jth destination, called cij, is defined as the product of two terms, aij* and d*j:
Arylpalladium Phosphonate Complexes as Reactive Intermediates in Phosphorus−Carbon Bond Forming Reactions

Phosphorus−carbon bond formation from discrete transition metal complexes have been investigated through a combination of synthetic, spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational methods. Reactive intermediates of the type (diphosphine)Pd(aryl)(P(O)(OEt)2) have been prepared, characterized, and studied as possible intermediates in metal-mediated coupling reactions. Several of the reactive intermediates were characterized crystallographically, and a discussion of the solid state structures is presented. In contrast to other carbon−heteroelement bond forming reactions, palladium complexes containing electron-donating substituents on the aromatic fragment exhibited faster rates of reductive elimination. Large bite angle diphosphine ligands induced rapid rates of elimination, while bipyridine and small bite angle diphosphine ligands resulted in much slower rates of elimination. An investigation of the effect of typical impurities on the elimination reaction was carried out. While excess diphosphine, pyri...
Pharmacokinetics of endoxifen and tamoxifen in female mice: implications for comparative in vivo activity studies.

Reduced CYP2D6 metabolism and low Z-endoxifen (ENDX) concentrations may increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence in tamoxifen (TAM)-treated women. Little is known regarding the differences between TAM and ENDX murine pharmacokinetics or the effect of administration route on plasma concentrations of each drug. The pharmacokinetics of TAM and ENDX were characterized in female mice. For subcutaneous [s.c.] and oral TAM (4, 10 and 20 mg/kg), TAM AUC increased in a linear manner, but concentrations of the active metabolites [ENDX and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT)] remained low. For oral TAM (20 mg), 4HT concentrations were tenfold greater (>25 ng/ml) than achievable in TAM-treated humans. Both oral (10–200 mg/kg) and s.c. (2.5–25 mg/kg) ENDX·HCl resulted in a greater than dose-proportional increase in AUC, with eightfold greater ENDX concentrations than an equivalent TAM dose. ENDX accumulated in plasma after 5-day dosing of 25 or 100 mg/kg ENDX·HCl and exceeded target concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μM, respectively, by twofold to fourfold. In murine models, oral ENDX yields substantially higher ENDX concentrations, compared to TAM. The low 4HT and ENDX concentrations observed in mice receiving s.c. TAM mirror the TAM pharmacokinetics in humans with impaired CYP2D6 metabolism. These data support the ongoing development of ENDX as a novel agent for the endocrine treatment of ER-positive breast cancer.
The binding of thyroxine by rat-liver mitochondria

Abstract The binding of thyroxine to isolated rat-liver mitochondria has been studied as a function of the composition and tonicity of the medium, the condition of the mitochondria, time, temperature, pH, and the concentration of thyroxine. Evidence is presented suggesting that the iodo-substituted phenolic ring isthe part of the thyroxine molecule primarily responsible for the binding of the hormone to mitochondria.
ACID AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASES IN OVARIAN TISSUES OF THE RAT DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION1,2

As PART of a program designed to study the interrelationships between hormones and certain intracellular enzymes, analyses of enzyme activities in ovarian tissues of the rat in different phases of the reproductive cycle have been made in this laboratory. The adenosinetriphosphatase activity of corpora lutea and the remaining tissues of the ovary has been studied (Biddulph, Meyer, and McShan 1946a, b) as well as the succinic dehydrogenase (Meyer, McShan, and Erway, 1945; Meyer, Soukup, McShan, and Biddulph, 1947). The phosphatases are present in many tissues in varying quantity, and have been shown to be related directly to several tissue functions (Moog, 1946). Since Gomori (1941) and Corner (1944) showed by the use of histochemical methods that the corpora lutea of several species contain alkaline phosphatase, it was of interest to undertake a study to correlate the acid and alkaline phosphatase activities with the function of lutein and other ovarian tissues during pregnancy and lactation in the rat.
Searching for applications with a fine-tooth comb

Frequency combs — broadband phase-coherent optical sources — are finding an increasing number of new applications in the field of metrology.
Origins of the equivalent circuit concept: the voltage-source equivalent

This paper describes the development of the voltage-source equivalent circuit. A subsequent paper concerns the current-source equivalent and summarizes the story. The formal roots of equivalent circuits are Ohm's Law, Kirchoff's Laws, and the Principle of Superposition.
Did Leaving the Gold Standard Tame the Business Cycle' Evidence from NBER Reference Dates & Real GNP

Cover and Pecorino (2005) demonstrate, using monthly NBER reference dates, that, the March 1933 departure from the gold standard is the most probable breakpoint ushering in an era of longer expansions, both absolutely and relative to recessions that follow. Cover and Pecorino view this finding as a challenge to real business cycle theory (RBCT). However, RBCT, along with most of recent macroeconomic research, has focused on the alternative concept of growth cycles - periods when the economy's production is above or below trend - rather than absolute increases or decreases in economic activity. Furthermore, empirical evaluation of RBCT has focused on the statistical properties of aggregate time series, rather than focusing exclusively on business cycle durations. Using HP-filtered quarterly real GNP, we demonstrate that tests of growth cycle durations still imply a most probable breakpoint close to 1933. However, we also test for structural breaks in the volatility of real GNP growth rates and deviations from HP-filter trends. These tests suggest that the most probable structural break is considerably later than 1933; perhaps as late as the 1950s. This conclusion is robust to the consideration of the alternative pre-1929 real GNP series constructed by Romer (1989) and Balke and Gordon (1989).
Event System Theory: An Event-Oriented Approach to the Organizational Sciences

Organizations are dynamic, hierarchically structured entities. Such dynamism is reflected in the emergence of significant events at every organizational level. Despite this fact, there has been relatively little discussion about how events become meaningful and come to impact organizations across space and time. We address this gap by developing event system theory, which suggests that events become salient when they are novel, disruptive, and critical (reflecting an event’s strength). Importantly, events can originate at any hierarchical level and their effects can remain within that level or travel up or down throughout the organization, changing or creating new behaviors, features, and events. This impact can extend over time as events vary in duration and timing or as event strength evolves. Event system theory provides a needed shift in focus for organizational theory and research by developing specific propositions articulating the interplay among event strength and the spatial and temporal processe...
Evolutionary and ecological responses to anthropogenic climate change: update on anthropogenic climate change.

Strategies that enable species to persist in changing environments have historically been divided into ecological (distributional shifts and phenotypic plasticity) and evolutionary (adaptation and gene flow). However, most species will likely need to rely on a combination of approaches to mitigate
Modeling the Thermally Governed Transient Flow Surges in Multitube Condensing Flow Systems With Thermal and Flow Distribution Asymmetry

In a tube-type condenser involving complete condensation, small changes in the inlet vapor flow rate momentarily cause very large transient surges in the outlet liquid flow rate. An equivalent single-tube model is proposed that predicts these transient flow surges for a multitube system. The model includes the effects of thermal and flow distribution asymmetry associated with each individual condenser tube in the multitube system. Theoretical and experimental verification for a two-tube system is presented
Antibodies to Herpesvirus Nonvirion Antigens in Squamous Carcinomas

Serums from tumor-bearing patients, cured patients, and normal subjects were examined for antibodies to the separated complement-fixing reactive components of nonvirion antigens of herpesvirus type 1 and type 2. The occurrence of antibodies to the antigens was similar in serums from tumor-bearing patients and cured patients. Antibodies to the antigens were observed among 21 of 24 (87 percent) cervical cancer cases, 44 of 49 (90 percent) laryngeal cancer cases, 15 of 24 (62 percent) cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck excluding the larynx, 2 of 24 (8 percent) nonsquamous cell cancer cases, and 3 of 51 (6 percent) normal subjects. By contrast, no differences were found in the titers of neutralizing antibodies to the virus in serums from laryngeal cancer patients and controls. The observations support an etiologic role of herpesviruses in cervical cancer and in laryngeal cancer, and possibly other squamous cell cancers of the head and neck.
Meaning first: A case for language-independent access to word meaning in the bilingual brain

Abstract This study aimed to determine how deeply a word is processed in the bilingual brain before the word’s language membership plays a role in lexical selection. In two ERP experiments, balanced Spanish–English bilinguals read lists of words and pseudowords in Spanish and English, and performed in each language (1) a language-specific lexical decision task, e.g., respond to real words in Spanish, and (2) a language-specific category decision tasks, e.g., respond to Spanish words that refer to a person. In Experiment 1, infrequent words elicited larger negativity between 350 and 650 ms post-stimulus onset for both target and non-target languages. This indicates that language membership did not block lexical access of non-target words, contrary to previous findings. In Experiment 2, we measured the onset of the target-category P300 as a way of determining if words from the non-target language were temporarily treated as targets. When Spanish was the target language, the ERP waveforms diverged early based on semantic category (people versus non-people), indicating that non-target ‘English people’ words were briefly treated as potential targets. This finding indicates that meaning was accessed prior to using language membership for lexical selection. However, when English was the target language, the waveforms diverged first based on language (Spanish versus English) then semantic category. We argue that the order in which meaning or language membership are accessed may be based on the frequency of use of a bilingual’s languages: the more frequently a language is used (English was more frequently used herein), the faster the words are identified as members of the language, and the greater interference it causes when it is not the target language. In brief, these findings make the case for a moment in processing when language membership matters less than meaning.
Engineering high-quality InxGa1-xP graded composition buffers on GaP for transparent substrate light-emitting diodes

We present the development of high-quality In x Ga 1-x P graded buffers on GaP substrates (In x Ga 1-x P/GaP) for use in epitaxial transparent-substrate light-emitting diodes (ETS-LEDs). The evolution of microstructure and dislocation dynamics of these materials has been explored as a function of growth conditions. The primarily limiting factor in obtaining high-quality In x Ga 1-x P/GaP is a new defect microstructure that we call branch defects. Branch defects pin dislocations and result in dislocation pileups that cause an escalation in threading dislocation density with continued grading. The morphology of branch defects is dominated by growth temperature, which can be used to control the strength and density of branch defects. In the absence of branch defects, we observe nearly ideal dislocation dynamics that are controlled by the kinetics of dislocation glide. This new understanding results in two primary design rules for achieving high-quality materials: 1) control branch defects, and 2) maximize dislocation glide kinetics. Combining these design rules into optimization strategies, we develop and demonstrate processes based on single and multiple growth temperatures. With optimization, threading dislocation densities below 5×10 6 cm -2 are achieved out to x = 0.39 and a nearly steady-state relaxation process is recovered. Having controlled the severe material degradation with continued grading that stopped earlier In x Ga 1-x P/GaP efforts, we describe the basic device design and process for ETS-LEDs. The ETS-LED technology promises significantly reduced processing requirements, higher yield, lower cost, and enhanced design flexibility over existing LED technologies.
Visceral afferent and efferent columns in the spinal cord of the teleost, Ictalurus punctatus

In tetrapod vertebrates, neural circuitries subserving visceral and somatic reflexes are each represented in distinct columns of cells within the gray area of the spinal cord. To determine the location of visceral elements of the spinal cord of a teleost fish, crystals of the carbocyanine dye 1,1′dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiI), were placed on either the abdominal sympathetic (mesenteric) nerves, the coeliac ganglia, or on the rostral three somatic spinal nerves, in fixed specimens of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. In fish in which DiI had been placed on the mesenteric nerves, labeled fibers coursed along the lateral margin of the dorsal horn within the first and second spinal segments, and appeared to terminate in a region at the base of the dorsal horn. In contrast, when DiI crystals were placed on the somatic spinal nerves, labeled primary afferents terminated in the dorsalmost two thirds of the dorsal horn, as well as in ventral and ventromedial areas of the medial funicular nuclear complex. Labeled somata (motor neurons) were situated in the ventral horn. When DiI crystals were placed bilaterally on the coeliac ganglia, labeled piriform and fusiform preganglionic neurons occurred in intermediate positions adjacent to the central canal, corresponding to the paracentral nucleus of Herrick, and in the lateral funiculus. These results demonstrate that somatic and visceral afferent and efferent functional columns are distinct in a teleost fish as they are in amniote vertebrates. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MICROBIAL FLORA ASSOCIATED WITH COLONIZED AND WILD POPULATIONS OF THE BITING GNAT CULICOIDES VARIIPENNIS

Comparisons were made between the microbial flora in a natural breeding site and in the rearing medium of a laboratory colony and between microbial flora of wild and colonized flies of the biting gnat Culicoides variipennis. Members of the microbial flora at both the natural site and in the colony rearing medium were mostly common contaminants of polluted water; e.g., Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas. Anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium spp. & Bacteroides spp.) and the diatom Navicula were found at the natural breeding site, but were not found in the colony rearing medium. The microbial flora isolated from pupae and adults of both wild and colonized flies was similar to that in the natural breeding site and the colony rearing medium. There was no evidence of a specific association of any bacterial genus with either larvae, pupae, or adult flies in the laboratory colony. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DIE MIKROFLORA, DIE IN VERBINDUNG MIT ANGESIEDELTEN UND WILDEN POPULATIONEN DER GNITZE CULICOIDES VARIIPENNIS STEHT Die Gnitze Culicoides variipennis ist der Vektor des Virusagens der wirtschaftlich wichtigen und weit verbreiteten Blauzungenkrankheit von Rindern, Schafen und wilden Wiederkauern. Fur die Entwicklung einer Technik zur Krankheitsbekampfung ist eine grose Zahl von Mucken notwendig. Eine Bakterienmikroflora ist zur Zeit unentbehrlich fur das Zuchtmedium, das zur Erzeugung der Mucken gebraucht wird. Aus diesem Grunde wurden Mikroorganismen, die mit verschiedenen Stadien der Mucken verbunden sind, identifiziert. Fur die Mucken waren keine spezifischen Bakteriengenera erforderlich, was darauf hinweist, das schon jedweder von verschiedenen Mikroorganismen eine gunstige Nahrungsquelle fur die Mucken darstellt. Diese Befunde erwiesen sich als vorteilhaft fur die Laborzucht der Mucken, was wiederum fur die Untersuchungen zur Bekampfung und Ausrottung der Blauzungenkrankheit beim Viehsbestand von Nutzen ist.
Energy drink consumption and later alcohol use among early adolescents.

Abstract Introduction Little is known about the association between energy drink and other substance use in early adolescence despite the fact that the consumption of energy drinks during this developmental period is becoming increasingly common. The aim of this study was to examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between energy drink and alcohol use among middle school students. In addition, sensation seeking and parental monitoring were examined as factors that could potentially explain any associations found. Methods A sample of 144 youth participating in the Camden Youth Development Study was utilized. Self-report questionnaire data was collected over a 16-month period. Results Frequency of energy drink use at the initial assessment predicted increases in frequency of alcohol use 16 months later (adjusting for initial frequency of alcohol use). Levels of parental monitoring partially accounted for this association; in contrast, there was no evidence that sensation seeking was related to this association. Conclusion Youth who consume energy drinks in early adolescence are at risk for alcohol use later; this may be partially related to low levels of parental monitoring being associated with the consumption of both substances. Future research is needed to further explain this association; this may lead to opportunities for early intervention for youth at high risk for alcohol use.
The Suitability of Barley as a Host Plant for the Cultivation of Ergot

Barley was inoculated with a specific strain of Claviceps purpurea using a puncture board and the resultant sclerotia were compared with those obtained from rye plants under similar conditions. As a host, rye proved superior to barley in terms of the percentage of plants infected and quantity and weight of the sclerotia produced. Likewise the alkaloid content of the rye sclerotia was slightly higher than of those obtained from barley. It is concluded that barley is inferior to rye as a host plant for the cultivation of ergot.
Analysis and Application on Performance Testing System for Magnetic Latching Relay Used in Smart Meter

Magnetic latching relay is widely used in smart meter and low control energy consumption is the advantage. The quality of the meter is decided by magnetic latching relay. A magnetic latching relay performance testing system is proposed in the paper which including the main control module, auxiliary control module and the load. The three parts is connected to change the information through the network. Several magnetic latching relay samples are chose to be tested, the result says that the big current could make more damage. In this paper, the testing system can help on the quality control of the smart meter.
A remotely activated SMA actuated naval tie down system

The goal of this effort was to design and prototype on advanced tie down system for the restraint of M1A1 tanks on Naval Hovercrafts. The ties were required to restrain 35,000 lbs of tensile load, interface with current craft hardware and electrical systems, as well as provide increased ease of operation as compared to current ties. The new ties were designed to accommodate the force and displacement constraints of shape memory alloy actuators, the strength of support materials, shape limitations of the assembled system, and the power limitations of energy storage and transmission devices. These tasks included the design of numerical simulations, FEA models, and plastic rapid prototypes. The functional prototype utilizes wire based SMA actuators with superelastic spring actuated power-off re-tensioning. The system was designed to utilize energy stored in batteries released remotely via RF signals provided by COT transmitters and receivers. Switching was accomplished utilizing specially designed MOSFET arrays with provisions for PWM power modulation under full SMA contraction. The system was also designed to use advanced synthetic fiber webbing as tension materials to reduce overall system weight and size.
Fundamental wear studies with magnetic particles and head cleaning agents used in magnetic tapes

Abstract The wear properties of commonly used magnetic particles (CrO 2 Co-γ-Fe 2 O 3 , metal particles (MP) and barium ferrite (BaFeO)) and head cleaning agents (HCAs) (Al 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 ) were studied. A simple accelerated wear test method was used for the experimental study. This method used a standard polishing process on a chip module made of magnetic head material, substituting the studied magnetic particles or HCA slurry for the abrasive. The hardness, size and shape of the magnetic particles and HCA determined their abrasivity. Magnetic particles with increasing abrasivity were BaFeO, MP, Co-γ-Fe 2 O 3 and CrO 2 . MP at the interface resulted in staining of the mating head surface. Cr 2 O 3 was more abrasive (more efficient HCA) than Al 2 O 3 when wearing against a ferrite head, but less abrasive when wearing against harder head materials. It is suggested that the HCA should be less than about 1 μm in diameter with a concentration of about 2–4 wt.% of magnetic particles in a magnetic coating to minimize head wear. A single particle wear model was developed to predict the wear rate when a hard particle was sandwiched between a workpiece (softer than the abrasive particle) and a soft polishing pad. This model indicated the increasing trend of the wear rate with an increase in the particle size and particle sharpness. The effect of the topography and mechanical properties of the polishing pad on the wear rate was also predicted by this model.
Increased Activity of Interleukin-6 but not Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Lung Lavage of Premature Infants is Associated with the Development of Bronchopulmonaiy Dysplasia

ABSTRACT: Although considerable evidence suggests that bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the result of prolonged inflammation and impaired healing of the immature lung, the mediators that regulate inflammation in neonatal lung injury have not been completely elucidated. We examined whether the cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) interact to modulate a cascade of cell-cell signaling events involved in inflammation contributing to the development of BPD. To determine the relative activities of these cytokines in neonatal lung injury, lung lavage samples were serially obtained from 1 to 28 d from 11 infants with self-limited respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 19 infants with evolving BPD, and 10 control infants ventilated for nonpulmonary reasons. On the first day of life, there were no differences in antigenic IL-6 concentrations in lavage fluids among the BPD, RDS, and control groups, but IL-6 activity determined by the 7TD1 proliferation assay was 15-fold and 6.6-fold higher in lung lavage of infants who developed BPD compared with activities in lavage from control and RDS infants, respectively (control, 49.4 ± 17.6; RDS, 117.3 ± 59.6; BPD, 779.5 ± 212.6 ± 103 hybridoma units/L, mean ± SEM, p = 0.02). This suggests that pathways for inactivating or inhibiting IL-6 that may be present in the lungs of RDS and control infants may be deficient in BPD infants. IL-6 activity remained elevated in lavage of BPD infants for the first 2 wk and declined to low levels by d 28. There were no differences among groups on the first day of life for TNF antigen concentration or TNF activity determined by the L929 bioassay. Detectable but low TNF activity was found in BPD samples, with peak activity found in d-14 samples. Differences in complex interactions among these and other cytokines with their receptors and inhibitors may predispose some infants with RDS to develop BPD.
Enzyme activity recovery from secondary fiber treated with cellulase and xylanase

Abstract One of the major problems with implementing biotechnical processes in the recycled paper industry, such as enzyme-enhanced deinking and enzymatic enhancement of pulp drainage properties, is the cost of commercial enzyme preparations. Thus, several factorial studies were performed to determine if enzyme activity can be successfully removed from simulated recycled fiber (once-dried, bleached hardwood and softwood kraft fiber) treated with low concentrations (0.2% or 2.0% on oven-dry fiber) of cellulase or xylanase. Enzyme activity recovery was accomplished by washing treated fiber with dilute NaOH in combination with a low concentration of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 under a variety of mild conditions. Various cellulase activities i.e., endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and filter paper, can be effectively recovered depending on the washing conditions, the cellulase charge, and the fiber type. Xylanase activity was effectively recovered from softwood, but not hardwood. The results suggest that enzyme activity recovery may be a possible means of decreasing the operating costs for biotechnical processes in the paper industry.
Image reconstruction and target acquisition through compressive sensing

Compressive imaging is an emerging field which allows one to acquire far fewer measurements of a scene than a standard pixel array and still retain the information contained in the scene. One can use these measurements to reconstruct the original image or even a processed version of the image. Recent work in compressive imaging from random convolutions is extended by relaxing some model assumptions and introducing the latest sparse reconstruction algorithms. We then compare image reconstruction quality of various convolution mask sizes, compression ratios, and reconstruction algorithms. We also expand the algorithm to derive a pattern recognition system which operates of a compressively sensed measurement stream. The developed compressive pattern recognition system reconstructions the detections map of the scene without the intermediate step of image reconstruction. A case study is presented where pattern recognition performance of this compressive system is compared against a full resolution image.
PROPERTY RIGHTS AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM

This paper attempts to throw new light on what one might terra the ‘operational component’ of social democratic thinking, functional socialism, by focusing on the creation. organization, and transformation of property rights. I argue that while democratic socialism does provide a political and philosophical schema that justifies distribution rules not sanctioned in ‘the market’,1 the novelty of the solution (and thus the necessary difference from existing advanced industrial societies, including the United States) is exaggerated. In addition. the tension between the attenuation of private property rights and their arrogation by the state on the one hand and citizen control over state activities on the other is not sufficiently perceived. My main purpose is to delineate and explore these problems. I also suggest ways in which the argument might be strengthened.
Resistivity-studies of some salt-water boundaries in the Hawaiian Islands

Introduction—In the course of a systematic survey of the ground-water resources of the Hawaiian Islands which is being made under the direction of H. T. Stearns of the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Territorial Government of Hawaii, it was found desirable to test the utility of geophysical methods in the solution of certain Hawaiian water-supply problems. A cooperative geophysical survey for this purpose was undertaken by the Geophysical Section, then with the Bureau of Mines but later transferred to the Geological Survey, during the course of which a series of resistivity-studies of certain salt-water boundaries was begun. Since the location of such boundaries is of considerable importance in many areas it has been thought worth while to present the results which have thus far been obtained.
A search for stellar remnants of supernovae.

The slitless spectra of the stars in the central regions of six galactic supernova remnants Cas A, Kepler, Tycho, SN 1006, RCW 86, and the Cygnus Loop were obtained with the prime focus transmission gratings at the 4M telescopes on Kitt Peak and Cerro Tololo. It was found that no stellar remnant with an unusually blue or peculiar spectrum is present in any of the remnants down to the limit of m sub pg of 18.5. Except for the Cygnus Loop, the area searched in each remnant is large enough that objects with transverse velocities of 1000 km/s would be well within the field. The results are also compared with a computation of emission from gas near a neutron star and with the unpulsed emission from the Crab pulsar; in both cases upper limits were set which place constraints on a possible condensed stellar remnant.
Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of a robotic rat pup

In this paper, we describe the mathematics and computer implementation of a robotic rat pup simulation. Our goal is to understand neurobehavioral principles in a mammalian model organism-the Norway rat pup (Rattus norvegicus). Our approach is unique in that animal, simulation, and robot studies occur in parallel and inform each other. Behavior is dependent on the nervous system, body morphology, physiology, environment, and the interactions among these elements. Autonomous robotics hardware models and their associated simulations allow the possibility of systematically manipulating variables in each of these elements in ways that would be impossible using live animals. Specifically, we describe the development and validation of a Newtonian-dynamics-based simulation of a robotic rat pup, including mathematical formulation and computer implementation. The computer simulation consists of three distinct components that interact to simulate robotic behavior: (1) dynamics of the robotic rat pup itself, including sensors and actuators, (2) environmental coupling dynamics of the robot arena with the robotic rat pup, and (3) the robot control algorithms as implemented on the physical robot. The mathematical formulation, software implementation, model identification, model validation, and an application example are all described.
Psychopathy traits and the processing of emotion words: Results of a lexical decision task

Research has indicated that individuals possessing psychopathic traits exhibit a deficit in the processing of emotional stimuli. Lexical decision task studies found that psychopathic individuals do not demonstrate affective facilitation in processing emotional words relative to nonpsychopathic individuals. However, these investigations have not examined processing of discrete affective categories and their relation to the callous/unemotional (F1) and impulse control/antisocial (F2) factors of psychopathy. Sixty undergraduate men completed a self-report measure of psychopathy traits and a lexical decision task assessing response latencies to anger, sadness, fear, and happiness words. Results reflected an association between F2 and a heightened experience of anger, whereas F1 was associated with a diminished experience of sadness. Findings are discussed in terms of the relation to existing research using alternative methods of processing affect. Cleckley identified lack of remorse and general poverty of affect as core features of the psychopathic personality. Although general correlates of antisocial and deviant behaviour typify common criminals, he included other members of society, such as doctors, lawyers, and businessmen unidentified by the legal system in the same rubric. Nevertheless, most studies in this area have focused on forensic populations while individuals in the general population possessing psychopathic traits have been studied to a lesser degree. Edens, Marcus, Lilienfeld, and Poythress (2006) demonstrated that psychopathic traits may be best conceptualised on a continuum and that the dimensional nature of psychopathy justifies research in non-forensic samples. Hare’s conceptualisation of psychopathy identifies two factors, emotional detachment and antisocial behaviour (Hare, 2003). Pursuantly,
Variations of turbulent flow with river discharge in the Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia

[1] Turbulent flow characteristics under two significantly different river discharge periods were studied in the Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia, using a variety of moored instrumentation, combined with detailed water column profiling from an anchored vessel. Estimates of the Reynolds stress, shear production (P), and dissipation rate (ɛ) were derived and compared for the two contrasting river conditions which essentially characterized the estuary as weakly stratified during low discharge (2001) and partially mixed during high discharge (2003). Wave effects were removed from the measurement of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) using a linear filtration method and a −5/3 slope was fit for an indirect measurement of ɛ. We suggest two possible mechanisms for observed flood/ebb asymmetries in the shear production of energy: wave-induced bottom roughness change or the competing effects of the barotropic and baroclinic pressure gradients. For 2001 the buoyancy flux was estimated by calculating the dissipation of temperature variance from rapidly sampled temperature time series over two different tidal cycles. The mixing efficiency Γ approached 0.25 but was on average 0.05. The mixing rate depended on the flow and stratification with highest values of 200 cm2/s during maximum flow and weakest stratification and lowest values of 0.1 cm2/s during low flow and greater stratification. A balance of production and dissipation of energy was achieved only during ebb tide in 2001, implying that turbulent transport of TKE maybe a consideration since buoyancy dissipation is too small for 2001 and would only enhance the imbalance further in 2003 because of strong stratification that exists during the flood and ebb tide.
Thermodynamics and recycling, a review

Thermodynamics provides a value system and rules for evaluating separation and recycling systems. After a brief development to calculate the minimum work required to separate an ideal mixture, we review what thermodynamics has to say about four questions: 1) What gets recycled? 2) What gets lost? 3) What gets saved? and 4) How can we improve the system.
A framework for application of generalized Kharitonov's theorem in the robust stability analysis of power systems

A framework is proposed for using the generalized Kharitonov (GK) theorem due to B.R. Barmish (IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol.34, no.2, p.157-65, Feb. 1989) for the robustly stable design of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and power system stabilizer (PSS) of a power system. The GK theorem is used for robust design after the combined synthesis of the AVR and PSS has been carried out. >
Thermal cycling behavior of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings with various MCrAlX bond coats

The influence of bond coat composition on the spallation resistance of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on single-crystal Rene N5 substrates was assessed by furnace thermal cycle testing of TBCs with various vacuum plasma spray (VPS) or air plasma-spray (APS) MCrAlX (M=Ni and/or Co; and X=Y, Hf, and/or Si) bond coats. The TBC specimens with VPS bond coats were fabricated using identical parameters, with the exception of bond coat composition. The TBC lifetimes were compared with respect to MCrAlX composition (before and after oxidation testing) and MCrAlX properties (surface roughness, thermal expansion, hardness, and Young’s modulus). The average TBC spallation lifetimes varied significantly (from 174 to 344 1 h cycles at 1150 °C) as a function of bond coat composition. Results suggested a relationship between TBC durability and bond coat thermal expansion behavior below 900 °C. Although there were only slight differences in their relative rates of cyclic oxidation weight gain, VPS MCrAlX bond coats with better oxide scale adhesion provided superior TBC lifetimes.
Health Web sites for teens.

According to the results of a Pew Internet & American Life Project (Purcell & Lenhart, 2010), 93% of teens (12 to 17 years of age) go online. Thirty-one percent of teens reported going online to search for information about general health, dieting, and fitness, with 17% reporting that they search for sensitive health information.
Job strain and ambulatory blood pressure: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

We reviewed evidence of the relationship between job strain and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in 29 studies (1985–2012). We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis on 22 cross-sectional studies of a single exposure to job strain. We systematically reviewed 1 case–control study, 3 studies of cumulative exposure to job strain, and 3 longitudinal studies.Single exposure to job strain in cross-sectional studies was associated with higher work systolic and diastolic ABP. Associations were stronger in men than women and in studies of broad-based populations than those with limited occupational variance. Biases toward the null were common, suggesting that our summary results underestimated the true association.Job strain is a risk factor for blood pressure elevation. Workplace surveillance programs are needed to assess the prevalence of job strain and high ABP and to facilitate workplace cardiovascular risk reduction interventions.
Scaling Analysis of Performance Tradeoffs in Electronics Cooling

Using the governing equations for internal fluid flow and heat transfer, scaling laws are developed to predict how the selection of a liquid or gas coolant and geometry affects the pumping power and volume requirements of heat sinks in electronics cooling applications. One of the principal outcomes of the presented scaling analysis is derivation, based on first principles, of new figure-of-merit parameters that can be used to evaluate cooling performance and guide efforts on development of new cooling fluids. The new figures-of-merits are critically compared to existing performance metrics and experimental data from the literature to emphasize the relevance and accuracy of developed scaling laws.
Enhancing situational interest in pediatrics

Background: Individual interest, something that persists regardless of the situation, and situational interest, finding personal value in an educational context, have not been studied in medical student education.Objective: To determine if individualized case discussions enhance interest in pediatric medicine.Methods: During the 2008/2009 academic year, 88 clerkship students participated in clinical case discussions. At orientation, students completed an Interest in Pediatrics (IIP) questionnaire, responding 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. Intervention and control groups were randomly assigned. The intervention group personalized cases to students’ medical specialty interests. The control group discussed the case presentation. Groups met twice during the 8-week clerkships, completing a post-IIP at the end of the clerkship.Results: Intervention group interest increased from pre-IIP, mean = 3.64, to post-IIP, mean = 4.22 (z = −2.994, p < 0.05, r = −0.44). On post-IIP, application of pediatric m...