cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Lungworm, Halocercus spp. (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae) in Cetaceans from California

Three cetaceans trom Monterey Bay, California (USA), were infected with lung nematodes. A beaked whale calf, Mesoplodon sp. was infected with adult Halocercus sp. This represents a new host record for this nematode. The lungs of a northern right whale dolphin calf, Lissodelphis borealis, contained an unidentified nematode similar in size to Halocercus sp. The presence of Phyllobothrium delphinitype cestode larvae in its blubber is evidence that the calf was feeding on invertebrates. A pregnant harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena was infected with the lung nematode H. invaginatus, but the fetus was uninfected. We found no direct evidence of a transplacental mode of transmission for Halocercus sp.
Approximating edges of source bodies from magnetic or gravity anomalies

Cordell and Grauch (1982, 1985) discussed a technique to estimate the location of abrupt lateral changes in magnetization or mass density of upper crustal rocks. The final step of their procedure is to identify maxima on a contoured map of horizontal gradient magnitudes. We attempt to automate their final step. Our method begins with gridded magnetic or gravity anomaly data and produces a plan view of inferred boundaries of magnetic or gravity sources. The method applies to both local surveys and to continent-wide compilations of magnetic and gravity data (e.g., Zietz, 1982; Simpson et al., 1983a; Kane et al., 1982).
Discussion of “Sidelined Investors, Trading-Generated News, and Security Returns”

The article of Cao, Coval, and Hirshleifer (hereafter CCH) presents a stylized model of security trading able to explain some of the features of stock returns, such as (i) positive (negative) skewness after rundowns (run-ups); (ii) volatility clustering; and (iii) large changes in prices with no apparent information arrival. In this discussion I first outline the basic mechanism of the model (Section 1) and then discuss its assumptions and conclusions (Sections 2 and 3), also in light of competing theories. Final remarks are contained in Section 4.
Locomotor evolution in the earliest cetaceans: functional model, modern analogues, and paleontological evidence

We discuss a model for the origin of cetacean swimming that is based on hydrodynamic and kinematic data of modern mammalian swimmers. The model suggests that modern otters (Mustelidae: Lutrinae) display several of the locomotor modes that early cetaceans used at different stages in the transition from land to water. We use mustelids and other amphibious mammals to analyze the morphology of the Eocene cetacean Ambulocetus natans, and we conclude that Ambulocetus may have locomoted by a combination of pelvic paddling and dorsoventral undulations of the tail, and that its locomotor mode in water resembled that of the modern otter Lutra most closely. We also suggest that cetacean locomotion may have resembled that of the freshwater otter Pteronura at a stage beyond Ambulocetus.
MOOD DISORDERS AND MENOPAUSE

Studies of depressive symptoms in menopausal women indicate that menopause is not associated with increased rates of depression, although mild mood and anxiety symptoms may occur in the few years prior to menopause. Women with previous affective disorders that are cyclic or that are associated with reproductive events may be at increased risk for depression at menopause. Because women presenting to menopause clinics are more likely to have affective disorders, the efficacy of estrogen for enhancing mood is an important question. Although some researchers suggest that estrogens have proven mood-elevating and antidepressant properties, others caution that the psychologic benefits of HRT deserve more systematic study before conclusions can be made. It has been suggested that minor psychologic symptoms at menopause or psychologic symptoms accompanied by vasomotor symptoms warrant a trial of HRT before considering psychotropic medication. If the psychologic symptoms do not respond to HRT, are not accompanied by vasomotor symptoms, or are clinically severe, antidepressant medication should be considered first or in addition to HRT. The psychologic effects of progesterone and androgens are less extensively studied than those of estrogen, and further research is needed.
The Tumor Suppressor Smad4/DPC4 Is Regulated by Phosphorylations that Integrate FGF, Wnt, and TGF-β Signaling

Smad4 is a major tumor suppressor currently thought to function constitutively in the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-signaling pathway. Here, we report that Smad4 activity is directly regulated by the Wnt and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways through GSK3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation sites. FGF activates MAPK, which primes three sequential GSK3 phosphorylations that generate a Wnt-regulated phosphodegron bound by the ubiquitin E3 ligase β-TrCP. In the presence of FGF, Wnt potentiates TGF-β signaling by preventing Smad4 GSK3 phosphorylations that inhibit a transcriptional activation domain located in the linker region. When MAPK is not activated, the Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways remain insulated from each other. In Xenopus embryos, these Smad4 phosphorylations regulate germ-layer specification and Spemann organizer formation. The results show that three major signaling pathways critical in development and cancer are integrated at the level of Smad4.
AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE IONIZATION ENERGIES OF SiC2Hx (x = 0, 1, 2) ISOMERS

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on the formation processes and ionization energies of small organo-silicon molecules of the formula SiC2Hx (x?= 0, 1, 2). These organic molecules are considered important benchmark systems in understanding the formation of silicon- and carbon-bearing grains in the outflow of carbon stars. The studies identify four distinct (hydrogenated) silicon-carbon molecules together with their ionization energies: c-SiC2 [9.75?? 0.10?eV; 9.83?? 0.05?eV], l-HCCSi [7.00?? 0.05?eV], c-SiC2H [7.27?? 0.05?eV], and c-SiC2H2 [9.05?? 0.05?eV; 8.96?? 0.05?eV] with numbers in italics depicting computed data. Implications of these results to the non-equilibrium chemistry in shocked regions of circumstellar envelopes of carbon stars are also discussed.
Experimental characterization of in-plane permeability of gas diffusion layers

Recent studies indicate that PEM fuel cell performance may be strongly influenced by in-plane permeability of the gas diffusion layer (GDL). The current study employs a radial flow technique for obtaining in-plane permeability of GDLs, using either gas or liquid as the impregnating fluid. A model has been developed and experimentally verified to account for compressibility effects when permeability measurements are conducted using a gas. Permeability experiments are performed on samples of woven, non-woven, and carbon fiber-based GDL at various levels of compression using air as the impregnating fluid. Woven and non-woven samples are measured to have significantly higher in-plane permeability compared to carbon fiber paper at similar solid volume fractions.
Token swap test revisited.

The token swap test measures the association between row and column variables of a 2 x 2 table in sample misclassification space, and makes no assumptions about repeated, random sampling from a source population. Despite its conceptual usefulness, the token swap test is not implemented by standard statistical software packages. Here the author describes 'tokenSwaps', a Mathematica program that performs a token swap test. The 'tokenSwaps' program also performs a one-tailed Fisher exact test, allowing results of the two methods to be compared. The program uses recursive functional programming and local rewrite rules to achieve substantial coding economy. Examples of the operation of the program are given, and its limitations are discussed.
Becoming Homosexual in Prison: A Socialization Process

The present paper examines the distinction between prison homosexuality and so-called "true" homosexuality as represented in the male andfemale experience. A thorough review of the literature is pr...
Light-induced oxidation of photoreceptor outer segment phospholipids generates ligands for CD36-mediated phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelium: a potential mechanism for modulating outer segment phagocytosis under oxidant stress conditions.

Clearance by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of shed photoreceptor outer segments (OSs), a tissue with one of the highest turnover rates in the body, is critical to the maintenance and normal function of the retina. We hypothesized that there is a potential role for photo-oxidation in OS uptake by RPE via scavenger receptor-mediated recognition of structurally defined lipid peroxidation products. We now demonstrate that specific structurally defined oxidized species derived from arachidonyl, linoleoyl, and docosahexanoyl phosphatidylcholine may serve as endogenous ligands on OSs for uptake by RPE via the scavenger receptor CD36. Mass spectrometry studies of retinal lipids recovered from dark-adapted rats following physiological light exposure demonstrate in vivo formation of specific oxidized phosphatidylcholine molecular species possessing a CD36 recognition motif, an oxidatively truncated sn-2 acyl group with a terminal γ-hydroxy(or oxo)-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl. Cellular studies using RPE isolated from wild-type versus CD36 null mice suggest that CD36 plays a role in engulfment, but not initial binding, of OSs via these oxidized phospholipids. Parallel increases in OS protein-bound nitrotyrosine, a post-translational modification by nitric oxide (NO)-derived oxidants, were also observed, suggesting a possible role for light-induced generation of NO-derived oxidants in the initiation of OS lipid peroxidation. Collectively, these studies suggest that intense light exposure promotes "oxidative tagging" of photoreceptor outer segments with structurally defined choline glycerophospholipids that may serve as a physiological signal for CD36-mediated phagocytosis under oxidant stress conditions.
Characterization of nanoparticle distribution in microcirculation: The influence of blood cells and vascular geometry

This paper focuses on characterization of nanoparticle (NP) distribution in microcirculation. In microcirculation, the vessel size is comparable to the size of red blood cells (RBCs) and the existence of blood cells largely influences the dispersion and binding distribution of NPs. The branching geometry of these vessels leads to non-uniform binding distribution of particles. The influence of various effects such as blood cells, vessel geometry, and shear rates on NP delivery are characterized. The RBCs are found to enhance the binding of NPs at all shear rates while reduces the binding of microparticles at low shear rates. The branching geometry of the capillary vessels leads to higher particle binding density.
Effects of current exercise and diet on late-life cognitive health of former college football players.

AbstractObjective: To determine the relative influence of current exercise and diet on the late-life cognitive health of former Division I collision-sport collegiate athletes (ie, football players) compared with noncollision–sport athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Graduates (n = 400) of a Midwestern university (average age, 64.09 years; standard deviation, 13.32) completed a self-report survey to assess current demographics/physical characteristics, exercise, diet, cognitive difficulties, and physical and mental health. Results: Former football players reported more cognitive difficulties, as well as worse physical and mental health than controls. Among former football players, greater intake of total and saturated fat and cholesterol and lower overall diet quality were significantly correlated with cognitive difficulties; current dietary intake was not associated with cognitive health for the noncollision–sport athletes or nonathletes. Hierarchical regressions predicting cognitive difficulties indicate...
Palynomorph Distribution in Modern Tropical Deltaic and Shelf Sediments — Mahakam Delta, Borneo, Indonesia

Abstract The Mahakam Delta is a tropical, fluvio—tidally dominated delta prograding onto a mixed siliciclastic—carbonate shelf. Surface sediments were collected from 12 distinctive depositional environments extending from the head of the Mahakam Delta to the shelf edge. Organic matter was extracted from 200 samples by acid digestion, and seven palynomorph types (pollen, embryophyte spores, fungal spores, foraminiferal linings, copepod eggs, tintinnomorphs, and dinocysts) were identified and counted, and their percentages and concentrations calculated. Total organic carbon (TOC), lithology, and depositional environments were recorded for each sediment sample. The amounts of terrestrial palynomorphs in sediments can be explained by transport and depositional processes, and four groups of environments are identified (tidally influenced, detrital peat beach, lowland rain forest, and marine shelf). Because of tidal flushing of the delta plain, pollen, embryophyte spores, fungal spores and soft plant debris fro...
A parent advice package for family shopping trips: development and evaluation.

This article reports on the primary steps in the development of parent advice for popular dissemination: (a) developing advice for one specific problem situation, family shopping trips; (b) testing the advice program for benefit to children and convenience to adults; and (c) packaging the advice so it can be used successfully by interested parents. Systematic observation of 12 families using the written advice package on shopping trips revealed its effectiveness in reducing child disruptions and increasing positive interactions between parents and children. These findings, along with interview information from families, showed that the package is usable, effective, and popular with both parents and children, and thus is ready for dissemination to a wide audience of parents—a step that in itself should involve research and evaluation.
Reproducibility of Carotid Atherosclerotic Lesion Type Characterization Using High Resolution Multicontrast Weighted Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Purpose. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can characterize carotid atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate reader agreement of carotid atherosclerotic lesion types by CMR. Methods. Carotid arteries of 34 patients (29 men, 5 women; mean age, 53 years) were imaged on a 1.5-T scanner. Images with 4 contrast weightings (T1, T2, proton density, and 3-dimensional time-of-flight) were acquired on each axial slice of the carotid arteries. Modified AHA criteria were used for lesion type assessment on the 4 selected axial slices (1 from the common carotid artery, 1 from the carotid bifurcation, and 2 from the internal carotid artery). The modified AHA criteria are as follows: type I-II, near-normal wall thickness without calcification; type III, diffuse wall thickening or small eccentric plaque without calcification; type IV-V, plaque with a lipid rich necrotic core surrounded by fibrous tissue with possible calcification; type VI, complex plaque with a possible surface defect, hemorrhage, ...
Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β1–induced Signaling and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by the Smad-binding Peptide Aptamer Trx-SARA

Overexpression of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, is used frequently to implicate the Smad pathway in cellular responses to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling; however, Smad7 regulates several other proteins, including Cdc42, p38MAPK, and β-catenin. We report an alternative approach for more specifically disrupting Smad-dependent signaling using a peptide aptamer, Trx-SARA, which comprises a rigid scaffold, the Escherichia coli thioredoxin A protein (Trx), displaying a constrained 56-amino acid Smad-binding motif from the Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. Trx-SARA bound specifically to Smad2 and Smad3 and inhibited both TGF-β–induced reporter gene expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NMuMG murine mammary epithelial cells. In contrast to Smad7, Trx-SARA had no effect on the Smad2 or 3 phosphorylation levels induced by TGF-β1. Trx-SARA was primarily localized to the nucleus and perturbed the normal cytoplasmic localization of Smad2 and 3 to a nuclear localization in the absence of TGF-β1, consistent with reduced Smad nuclear export. The key mode of action of Trx-SARA was to reduce the level of Smad2 and Smad3 in complex with Smad4 after TGF-β1 stimulation, a mechanism of action consistent with the preferential binding of SARA to monomeric Smad protein and Trx-SARA-mediated disruption of active Smad complexes.
Viscosities and shift in a chiral superfluid: a holographic study

We consider a holographic model of chiral superfluidity whose bulk is Einstein YangMills and compute viscosity and conductivity responses away from the probe limit. We calculate Hall viscosity and analyze its relationship to the superfluid density and the shift. We find that the relationship between these quantities derived from effective field theory at zero temperature persists for all temperatures: for p ± ip their ratio is equal to ∓1/2. At low temperatures the system develops a Lifshitz throat, indicating an anisotropic scaling symmetry in the infrared dynamics.
Where Does Gender Fit in the Measurement of Self-Control?:

>> Gender’s role in self-control measures has been largely neglected. Although studies show that males have lower self-control than females, rarely have researchers questioned whether items used to measure self-control should be used for both groups. This study uses a Rasch rating scale analysis to assess item functioning of Grasmick et al.’s 24-item self-control scale for males and females. Using a sample of young adults, results indicate that 33% of the scale items showed differential functioning or item bias; that is, after controlling for self-control, females found one third of the items to be either more or less agreeable than males. Once biased items were removed from the scale, males, on average, still had lower self-control than females. In addition, after excluding biased items from the scale, the effect of self-control on criminal behavior and other outcomes was similar to the effect found with the full 24-item scale. Suggestions for future research on Grasmick et al.’s self-control scale are offered, and limitations of the current study are discussed.
Privacy and Personnel Selection: Reciprocal Rights and Responsibilities

Previous models of invasion of privacy in selection have stressed applicant rights to the exclusion of applicant responsibilities, and have slighted organizational incumbents' needs to acquire accurate knowledge about prospective co-workers. To correct this imbalance, a reciprocal model, enumerating and justifying possible rights and responsibilities of applicants, organizational management, and organizational incumbents, is postulated. This normative model is contrasted with the current mistrust that characterizes many selection interactions. Propositions suggesting ways of gaining the information that organizations require, while still respecting the privacy needs of applicants, are advanced. Tentative suggestions for how human resource professionals could initiate these positive changes are suggested as well.
Waiting: The Future of Religion and the Task of Thanking

Having now considered the thinking of Heidegger with respect to truth, the gods, and the response that thinking itself is, and having attempted to bring this to bear on religion and religious thinking, we are left with an important question and criticism of the thinking of Heidegger which is of no little consequence for our understanding of religious thinking. That question is one of hope and nostalgia, of whether Heidegger’s thinking is nothing but a foolish longing for a paradise lost, for that primordial origin to which we must return if we are to save ourselves from destruction in this nihilistic age. The criticism has been raised in a number of different ways. On the one hand, one may point to Heidegger’s “critique” of science which, combined with an apparent degeneracy theory of history (i.e., metaphysics since the Greeks as the oblivion of being culminating in Nietzsche and today’s nihilistic, technological world), seems to ally Heidegger with a romantic tradition that wishes to escape the modern world and return to some rustic idyll, free of technology.
Trade Policies and Prospects in Western Europe

NO CRITERIA exist to suggest an optimum level of international trade. Yet, looked at in the light of resource availabilities, apparent production cost, and the maze of restrictions applied, it is evident that an appropriate trade balance has not been achieved for agricultural products in the North Atlantic area. The reason for this is fairly obvious. With the exception of of a few small countries where agricultural exports represent a substantial share of gross national product, emphasis is placed on the accommodation of agricultural policy to internal requirements, with little regard to its impact on international trade. Methods used to fulfill internal objectives, plus evolutionary change due to economic growth, have led to increased output in all countries, and international economic conflict seems more and more to be focused on the agricultural sector. Whether these conditions will change and create room for further trade expansion is a question with numerous interrelated technical, economic, and political dimensions. Obviously, these dimensions cannot readily be synthesized into anything approaching a complete or scientifically valid analysis. Hence, the remainder of this paper aims at a more limited objective and will try to provide some insight into future trade prospects by (1) reviewing recent trends in trade and in supply-demand balances in West European markets, (2) considering briefly some of the underlying economic conditions that have influenced, and likely will continue to influence, the balance of requirements and output within Europe, and (3) looking at recent and, where possible, prospective developments in agricultural policies that have direct implication for trade. Emphasis will be placed on conditions in Western Europe and their implications for imports of temperate-zone food products from external suppliers.
PPIP5K1 modulates ligand competition between diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 for polyphosphoinositide-binding domains

We describe new signalling consequences for PPIP5K1 (diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase type 1)-mediated phosphorylation of Ins P 6 and 5-Ins P 7 to 1-Ins P 7 and Ins P 8 . In NIH 3T3 cells, either hyperosmotic stress or receptor activation by PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) promoted translocation of PPIP5K1 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. The PBD1 (polyphosphoinositide-binding domain) in PPIP5K1 recapitulated that translocation. Mutagenesis of PBD1 to reduce affinity for PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 prevented translocation. Using surface plasmon resonance, we found that PBD1 association with vesicular PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 was inhibited by Ins P 6 and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. However, the inhibition by PPIP5K1 substrates (IC 50 : 5-Ins P 7 =5 μM and Ins P 6 =7 μM) was substantially more potent than that of the PPIP5K1 products (IC 50 : Ins P 8 =32 μM and 1-Ins P 7 =43 μM). This rank order of ligand competition with PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 was also exhibited by the PH (pleckstrin homology) domains of Akt (also known as protein kinase B), GRP1 (general receptor for phosphoinositides 1) and SIN1 (stress-activated protein kinase-interaction protein 1). We propose that, in vivo , PH domain binding of Ins P 6 and 5-Ins P 7 suppresses inappropriate signalling (‘noise’) from stochastic increases in PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 . That restraint may be relieved by localized depletion of Ins P 6 and 5-Ins P 7 at the plasma membrane following PPIP5K1 recruitment. We tested this hypothesis in insulin-stimulated L6 myoblasts, using mTOR (mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt on Ser 473 as a readout for SIN1-mediated translocation of mTORC (mTOR complex) 2 to the plasma membrane [Zoncu, Efeyan and Sabatini (2011) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 12 , 21–35]. Knockdown of PPIP5K1 expression was associated with a 40% reduction in Ser 473 phosphorylation. A common feature of PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 -based signalling cascades may be their regulation by PPIP5K1.
Effects of aldosterone and desoxycorticosterone on tissue electrolytes.

SummaryPlasma, brain, and muscle electrolytes were determined in mice given DCA and aldosterone. DCA increased the concentration ratio of K (Kc/Ke) without affecting the ratio of Na (Nae/Nac) in brain; it increased the concentration ratio of K moderately in muscle and decreased the concentration ratio of Na. Aldosterone increased concentration ratios of Na and K in both brain and muscle. An explanation of this difference in the effect of the two steroids on skeletal muscle electrolyte is proposed.
Unusual Case of Intra-Arterial Doxorubicin Chemoembolization-Associated Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (P01.125)

Objective: To report the case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) after local chemotherapy in a patient with breast cancer. Background PRES is an acute neurological syndrome with headache,altered mental status, seizures, and cortical blindness and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing bilateral parieto-occipital region white matter edema without infarct. Chemotherapy as an underlying cause of PRES is usually seen in the context of systemic administration, but has not been reported with intra-arterial doxorubicin administration. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: A 63-year-old white female with a history of metastatic breast cancer developed acute-onset nausea, vomiting, mental status change, and generalized seizures following transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using doxorubicin. The patient was hospitalized with the above symptoms immediately following TACE using drug eluting bead doxorubicin into the right hepatic artery. The patient was confused and lethargic for 2 days with progressive improvement in her mental status. Her neurological examination showed encephalopathy with disorientation to time, place oand person, and she appeared pale. Cranial nerves were normal other than lack of response to threat stimulus bilaterally; motor and sensory examination was unremarkable. Initial blood pressure was 130/90mm Hg and routine chemistry and complete blood count on admission were within normal limits. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not show any evidence of infectious or toxic etiology for encephalopathy. Continuous electroencephalography showed diffuse slowing but no epileptiform discharges. The MRI revealed increased signal intensity in the bilateral parieto-occipital area, right more than the left, on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, apparent diffusion coefficient, and T2-weighted imaging, with no increased signal on diffusion weighted image consistent with vasogenic edema. The patient symptoms and MRI findings were consistent with diagnosis of PRES. MRI changes resolved on follow-up imaging 8 weeks later. Conclusions: PRES in this case is most likely related to intra-arterial doxorubicin infusion because of the temporal association between administration, symptom onset, and MRI changes. Disclosure: Dr. Pawar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Noviawaty has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zaidat has received personal compensation for activities with Boston Scientific Corporation and Micrus Inc.
Progress in the past decade: an examination of the precision of cluster randomized trials funded by the U.S. Institute of Education Sciences

ABSTRACTThis article examines the statistical precision of cluster randomized trials (CRTs) funded by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES). Specifically, it compares the total number of clusters randomized and the minimum detectable effect size (MDES) of two sets of studies, those funded in the early years of IES (2002–2004) and those funded in the recent years (2011–2013). Overall, the average precision in terms of MDES of studies in the recent cohort was more than double that of the early cohort (i.e. 0.48 compared to 0.23). The findings suggest a consistent and substantial increase in the precision of CRTs funded by IES in the past decade which is a critical step towards designing studies that have the potential to yield high-quality evidence about the effectiveness of educational interventions.
Optimal Allocation of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

Photovoltaic generation will become the mainstream of new distributed generation systems in the future. This paper studied the optimal allocation of grid-connected photovoltaic generation. The multi-objective optimization model was established for the position and capacity of photovoltaic power,with minimum network loss,minimum node voltage offset and minimum connecting cost; the improved parallel selection method was proposed based on genetic algorithm( GA); the key objectives of optimization were highlighted,each objective function was treated differently,and the optimal solution of model was obtained with using the improved algorithm,based on the power flow calculation with using forward-backward sweeping method. Finally,the model and algorithm were tested through the IEEE33 node example system,whose results proved the correctness of the model and the superiority of the improved algorithm.
N/P Absorption and Accumulation and N Nutrition of Hybrid Rice

Using Teyou 63,the absorption and accumulation characteristics of N and K,as well as the N nutrition of the hybrid rice were studied.The results showed that there was a linear correlation between the total nutrient absorption and accumulation of N,and K2O and the square root of fertilizer application rate.With the increased fertilizer application rate,the nutrient uptake also increased.However,the nutrient utilization efficiency was reduced.Before the rice-heading started,the N accumulation centers were in the leaves and stem-sheath.After the heading,the center moved to the ears.After the heading,about 55% of N in the leaves and about 40% of N in the stem-sheath transported to the ears.The apparent transporting rate of the grain-filling was about 90%.The K accumulation centers were in the stems and sheaths,storing about 70% of K for the entire plant.After the heading,34% to 40% of the K transported into the ears and the stem-sheath,with an apparent transporting rate of about 80%.In high yield cultivation,the highest N and K2O application rates were 2 kg and 2.72 kg,respectively,for every 100 kg of grain yield.The economic N and K2O application rates were 1.75 kg and 1.25 kg,respectively.The hybrid rice was more sensitive to N fertilization,and more resistant to low or high K than the other nutrients.The highest N application rate and economic K application rate should be recommended for the rice production.During each growth period,the leaf dry matter weight increased with N application.At the tillering stage and bud differentiation stage,the dry matter weight of stem-sheath also increased with N application.But from meiosis,both the stem-sheath weight and ear weight had parabolic correlation with N application.Therefore,the N nutrition was further studied.The N content in the leaves of high yield rice at different growth and development phases of the hybrid rice was determined.Each growth period and leaf positions at different N application rates had a certain color level and color difference among them,which provided an index for the N nutrition diagnosis.
Human dopamine-beta-hydroxylase: comparison of the enzyme from plasma, adrenal medulla, and pheochromocytoma by radioimmunoassay.

A homologous radioimmunoassay for human plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) is described. An antiserum specific for the purified plasma enzyme was found to cross-react fully with soluble DBH isolated from human pheochromocytoma and normal adrenal medulla. Similarly, an assay developed using pheochromocytoma DBH as an antigen gave equivalent results, and the two methods were interchangeable for the determination of immunoreactive DBH in human plasma. Bovine adrenal medullary DBH, on the other hand, cross-reacted poorly in these assays. The homospecific activity of DBH in pooled, normal human plasma, expressed as units of enzymatic activity per milligram of immunoreactive protein, ranged from 3.1 to 5.8 units/mg. This compares favorably with DBH in a chromaffin granule lysate from pheochromocytoma, 3.8 units/mg, as well as normal human adrenal medulla, 4.1 units/mg. Plasma DBH was further separated into enzymatically active tetrameric and dimeric fractions. The homospecific activity of the predominant tetrameric fraction from pooled plasma was about 20% greater than the dimeric enzyme. The results of this study are compatible with the conclusion that various forms of soluble human DBH are immunologically indistinguishable by homologous radioimmunoassay. Comparison of the enzymatic and immunoreactive levels of circulating DBH, on the other hand, may be altered by structural differences between the multiple forms of the plasma enzyme.
Repairing the Windows File System Using a Portable OS

So far in this book, we’ve detailed how you can manage and audit file and folder ownership and security permissions; overall disk and file security; encryption; troubleshooting disk, file, and system errors; and how to repair, automatically or manually, the Windows boot system.
Musculoskeletal infections in infants and children.

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and nongonococcal infectious arthritis in newborn infants and children are discussed. As the choice of antimicrobial regimen depends on the pathogen responsible for the infection, an aggressive attempt should be made to isolate this organism before committing a child to prolonged treatment.
MEASUREMENTS OF REACTOR PARAMETERS IN SUBCRITICAL AND CRITICAL ASSEMBLIES

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the measurements of reactor parameters in subcritical and critical assemblies. There are two types of experimental assemblies namely—exponential and zero-power critical. In practice, the use of these assemblies may be expensive and time consuming. A method that reduces the material requirements of the usual exponential or critical experiment is the substitution or two-region critical experiment used mainly for the measurement of the critical buckling. The values of the disadvantage factors and the thermal utilization obtained in subcritical assemblies seem to agree, and to give values appropriate to a critical assembly. The disadvantage factors, however, depend on averages of flux distributions and cross sections, and are less sensitive to differences in neutron energy distribution than the spatial distribution of the neutron density; the thermal utilization is still less sensitive. An attempt has been made to determine lattice parameters by means of measurements on a single fuel element.
Hispanic-Serving Institutions: Advancing Multicultural Theory, Research, and Practice

Section Editors: Ming Fang He, Isabel Nunez, Maria Jose Botelho, Cheryl E. Matias, and Helen ManiatesA.-M. Nunez, S. Hurtado, & E. Calderon Galdeano (Eds.). (2015). Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A...
Perisylvian Polymicrogyria Epileptic Syndrome

The epileptic spectrum and EEG findings in 31 patients with a congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome are reported from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the CBPS Multicenter Collaborative Study Group.
Strontium iodide gamma ray spectrometers for planetary science (Conference Presentation)

Gamma rays produced passively by cosmic ray interactions and by the decay of radioelements convey information about the elemental makeup of planetary surfaces and atmospheres. Orbital missions mapped the composition of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Vesta, and now Ceres. Active neutron interrogation will enable and/or enhance in situ measurements (rovers, landers, and sondes). Elemental measurements support planetary science objectives as well as resource utilization and planetary defense initiatives. Strontium iodide, an ultra-bright scintillator with low nonproportionality, offers significantly better energy resolution than most previously flown scintillators, enabling improved accuracy for identification and quantification of key elements. Lanthanum bromide achieves similar resolution; however, radiolanthanum emissions obscure planetary gamma rays from radioelements K, Th, and U. The response of silicon-based optical sensors optimally overlaps the emission spectrum of strontium iodide, enabling the development of compact, low-power sensors required for space applications, including burgeoning microsatellite programs. While crystals of the size needed for planetary measurements (>100 cm3) are on the way, pulse-shape corrections to account for variations in absorption/re-emission of light are needed to achieve maximum resolution. Additional challenges for implementation of large-volume detectors include optimization of light collection using silicon-based sensors and assessment of radiation damage effects and energetic-particle induced backgrounds. Using laboratory experiments, archived planetary data, and modeling, we evaluate the performance of strontium iodide for future missions to small bodies (asteroids and comets) and surfaces of the Moon and Venus. We report progress on instrument design and preliminary assessment of radiation damage effects in comparison to technology with flight heritage.
OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLIED IN AN ANTHRAX EPIZOOTIC MODEL

Anthrax is a rapidly fatal, infectious disease which occurs in many animal species, particularly herbivore mammals, and is one of the main causes of population decline in several national parks worldwide. As the infected animals face inevitable death and each infected carcass contributes spores to the surrounding environment, infected carcasses and the infected animals are the main sources of new infections. Thus any control measure should focus on vaccinating susceptible animals and the proper disposal of infected carcasses. In this paper, a system of ordinary differential equations modeling an anthrax epizootic in a wildlife reserve is formulated. Two controls representing vaccination of the susceptible animals and disposal of the infected carcasses are investigated in order to minimize the number of infected animals, the number of infected carcasses and the cost of vaccination and carcass disposal. Model parameters are estimated by using outbreak data from Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve, Zimbabwe, and som...
Neuroradiology and Neuroimaging of the Diencephalon

This chapter begins with something old and proceeds on to something new in the neuroimaging of the diencephalon. In this regard it is pertinent to look at the angiographic anatomy and pathology visualized just a few years ago in the radiographic examination of the thalamus. In retrospect, it is amazing how well neuroradiologists performed in the past without the newer imaging techniques of today.
Thermal morphing anisogrid smart space structures: Part 1. Introduction, modeling, and performance of the novel smart structural application:

To meet the requirements for the next generation of space missions, a paradigm shift is required from current structures that are static, heavy, and stiff to innovative structures that are adaptive...
Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) from Nitrate Radical Oxidation of Monoterpenes: Effects of Temperature, Dilution, and Humidity on Aerosol Formation, Mixing, and Evaporation.

Nitrate radical (NO3) oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) is important for nighttime secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. SOA produced at night may evaporate the following morning due to increasing temperatures or dilution of semivolatile compounds. We isothermally dilute the oxidation products from the limonene+NO3 reaction at 25 °C and observe negligible evaporation of organic aerosol via dilution. The SOA yields from limonene+NO3 are approximately constant (∼174%) at 25 °C and range from 81 to 148% at 40 °C. Based on the difference in yields between the two temperatures, we calculated an effective enthalpy of vaporization of 117–237 kJ mol–1. The aerosol yields at 40 °C can be as much as 50% lower compared to 25 °C. However, when aerosol formed at 25 °C is heated to 40 °C, only about 20% of the aerosol evaporates, which could indicate a resistance to aerosol evaporation. To better understand this, we probe the possibility that SOA from limonene+NO3 and β-pinene+NO3 reactions i...
Supplemental Oxygen Study: A Randomized Controlled Study on the Effect of Maternal Oxygen Supplementation during Planned Cesarean Delivery on Umbilical Cord Gases.

Objective The aim was to determine the fetal umbilical blood gas effects of supplemental maternal oxygenation compared with room air (RA) during term planned cesarean delivery. Methods This is a prospective randomized controlled study of singleton planned cesarean deliveries randomized to receive supplemental oxygen (O 2 ) at 10 L per minute (L/min) via facemask or RA. Umbilical cord gases were collected. The primary outcome was umbilical arterial pH level. Secondary outcomes included umbilical cord values and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data were expressed as median ± interquartile range (IQR). Results Seventy subjects in total were enrolled, with 65 subjects available for analysis. The median umbilical arterial p O 2 was significantly increased in the supplemental O 2 group (18 [13.5–20.5] mm Hg) versus RA group (16 [12–18] mm Hg), p = 0.04). The median umbilical venous p O 2 was significantly increased in the supplemental O 2 group (32 [26.5–36.0] mm Hg) versus RA group (28.5 [22–34.3] mm Hg), p = 0.04). There were no significant differences with other umbilical blood gas values and composite maternal or neonatal complications. Conclusion Subjects with term singleton gestations receiving O 2 at 10 L/min during cesarean delivery compared with RA demonstrated no significant change in umbilical cord pH values. There was a significant increase in umbilical cord arterial and venous O 2 levels in those receiving O 2 .
I hurt so: hypnotic interventions and palliative care for traumatic brain injury

This article presents a case study in which self-hypnosis, hypnosis-assisted psychotherapy, and palliative care strategies were provided within a multi-modal integrative treatment program for a 38-year-old woman with traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to motor vehicle accident. Self-hypnosis was helpful in anxiety reduction and pain management. Hypnosis-assisted psychotherapy was beneficial in de-sensitizing many post-traumatic memories, and in managing post-concussion pain, including neuropathic pain and post-traumatic migraine headaches. A variety of palliative care techniques and spiritual interventions were applied to enhance sleep, moderate cognitive deficits, and enhance quality of life.
Proposals for Using Objective Indicators as a Guide to Exchange Rate Changes: A Historical Comment (Propositions d'utilisation des indicateurs objectifs en tant que guide des modifications des taux de change: un commentaire historique) (Propuestas para utilizar los indicadores objetivos como orientaciÃ³n en las modificaciones de los tipos de cambio: un comentario histÃ³rico)

The proposals for the control of exchange rates contained in the plans put forward by Lord Keynes and Mr. White in 1942-43 differed materially from the provisions in the Articles of Agreement of the Fund adopted at Bretton Woods in 1944. These differences are analyzed, and two explanations are suggested: (a) In the give-and-take of negotiations, both men acquired a better understanding of each other's problems, and thereby allayed mutual suspicions. This enabled them to concede points that they had originally stipulated. (b) The provisions finally agreed reflect an acceptance by Lord Keynes, against his original ideas, of Mr. White's insistence that the Fund must be controlled politically, and not by experts. /// Les propositions concernant le contrA´le des taux de change dans les plans prA©sentA©s par Lord Keynes et M. White en 1942-43 diffA©raient fondamentalement des dispositions des Status du Fonds adoptA©s A Bretton Woods en 1944. AprA¨s avoir analysA© ces diffA©rences, l'auteur avance deux explications: a) au fil des nA©gociations, les concessions mutuelles ont permis A chacun d'entre eux de mieux comprendre les problA¨mes de l'autre, ce qui leur a permis de dissiper leur mA©fiance. Ils ont pu ainsi faire des concessions par rapport A leurs points de vue initiaux; b) les dispositions finalement retenues montrent que Lord Keynes a acceptA©, en dA©pit de son opposition initiale, la conviction trA¨s ferme de M. White quant A la nA©cessitA© de confier la direction du Fonds A des hommes politiques, et non A des experts. /// Las propuestas de control de los tipos de cambio formuladas en los planes presentados por Lord Keynes y el Sr. White en 1942-43 diferA­an esencialmente de las disposiciones del Convenio Constitutivo del Fondo adoptado en Bretton Woods en 1944. Se analizan estas diferencias y se ofrecen dos explicaciones: a) En el toma y daca de las negociaciones, los dos hombres llegaron a comprender mejor los problemas del otro, lo cual suavizA³ el recelo mutuo. Esto les permitiA³ transigir en algunos puntos originalmente considerados no negociables. b) Las disposiciones definitivas indican una aceptaciA³n, por Lord Keynes, contraria a sus ideas originales, de la tesis en que habA­a insistido el Sr. White de que el Fondo fuese controlado polA­ticamente y no por expertos.
La educación en TIC’s: Un problema de la Educación escolar y de la Educación de la vida cotidiana

El presente articulo quiere acercarse analiticamente, a un objeto complejo de futuras investigaciones. Esto es construir la Educacion en TIC’s, de manera modelica y relacional, con dos posibles facetas de la Educacion: a saber, la Educacion Escolar y la Educacion Cotidiana. Ambos campos son complementarios pero, uno de ellos, la Educacion Cotidiana, tiene mayor relevancia cultural. La Educacion cotidiana, como modelo analitico, puede aportar luces en este discernimiento: El uso educativo de las TIC debe ser culturalmente relevante. En este sentido, se parte del reconocimiento de las falacias asociadas a los terminos, y sus derivados, “Cultura Digital” o “Culturas TIC”: se entiende la cultura, no como el conjunto de costumbres de una sociedad, sino el entramado simbolico y semantico que articula a los hombres que la conforman (Geertz, 1988). Este entramado se compone, aqui, de una compleja relacion interactiva de sujetos conformantes de sistemas, culturalmente relevantes: la sociedad, los sistemas sociales, la comunicacion, y el lenguaje. Debe haber alli un tipo de expresion de la Educacion no-escolar, y la Escuela debe adaptarse al cambio para ejercer la Educacion en TIC’s culturalmente relevante.
Socioeconomic Status and Student Opportunity: A Case of Disrespect or Teenage Rebellion?.

This case involves inner city students situated within a summer program purported to meet their needs. The administrators charged with creating this program do not necessarily understand the identities of their students or the community needs and desires. This case hinges on the conflict of whether students should be disciplined for using their public transportation bus passes, provided by the summer program and to be used only for that purpose, for other purposes. This case highlights issues of racial spotlighting, racial animus, and cultural mismatch.