cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution and molecular diversity of arborescent Gossypium species

Mexico is a center of diversity of Gossypium. As currently circumscribed, arborescent Gossypium species (subsection Erioxylum) are widely distributed in dry deciduous forests located from Sinaloa in the north of its range to Oaxaca in the south of its range. However, extensive morphological variation exists among accessions from these different geographic regions. The objective of this work was to determine whether the observed morphological variation is reflected at the molecular level. Molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships were estimated with 210 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fragments and 766 amplified fragment length polymorphism fragments among 33 accessions of arborescent Gossypium, including 23 of Gossypium aridum, the most widely distributed of the arborescent Mexican diploid Gossypium species. Over 90% of the fragments were polymorphic; however, each accession contained only between 32% and 46% of the total loci. Two thirds of the loci among the G. aridum accessions had allelic ...
ACTH stimulation tests for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is clinically challenging and often requires ACTH stimulation tests. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the high- (250 mcg) and low- (1 mcg) dose ACTH stimulation tests in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Methods: We searched six databases through February 2014. Pairs of independent reviewers selected studies and appraised the risk of bias. Diagnostic association measures were pooled across studies using a bivariate model. Data Synthesis: For secondary adrenal insufficiency, we included 30 studies enrolling 1209 adults and 228 children. High- and low-dose ACTH stimulation tests had similar diagnostic accuracy in adults and children using different peak serum cortisol cutoffs. In general, both tests had low sensitivity and high specificity resulting in reasonable likelihood ratios for a positive test (adults: high dose, 9.1; low dose, 5.9; children: high dose, 43.5; low dose, 7.7), but a fairly suboptimal likelihood ratio for a negative...
Volunteerism and Professional Development.

In this age, where it seems that everyone is spending their time working, commuting to work or the kids’ or grandchildren’s activities, exercising, and multitasking between several of these activities, we all should occasionally stop and ask whether we are doing enough in the areas of personal and professional development. When we think about professional development and growth, it is often in terms of continuing education, job-related skills, or job responsibilities, but we don’t think about volunteerism. You may think of volunteerism as one more thing you need to juggle. But volunteerism can provide personal growth, satisfaction, learning, development of new skill sets, and professional development, and it can create a new group of friends or colleagues.
Composite gauge-bosons made of fermions

We construct a class of Abelian and non-Abelian local gauge theories that consist only of matter fields of fermions. The Lagrangian is local and does not contain an auxiliary vector field nor a subsidiary condition on the matter fields. It does not involve an extra dimension nor supersymmetry. This Lagrangian can be extended to non-Abelian gauge symmetry only in the case of SU(2) doublet matter fields. We carry out an explicit diagrammatic computation in the leading $1/N$ order to show that massless spin-one bound states appear with the correct gauge coupling. Our diagram calculation exposes the dynamical features that cannot be seen in the formal auxiliary vector-field method. For instance, it shows that the $s$-wave fermion-antifermion interaction in the $^{3}{S}_{1}$ channel ($\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\psi}$) alone cannot form the bound gauge bosons; the fermion-antifermion pairs must couple to the $d$-wave state too. One feature common to our class of Lagrangian is that the Noether current does not exist. Therefore it evades possible conflict with the no-go theorem of Weinberg and Witten on the formation of the non-Abelian gauge bosons.
New anode material based on SiO-SnxCoyCz for lithium batteries

A new family of composite materials as anode for lithium-ion batteries, MO-SnxCoyCz (x:y:z molar ratio), was synthesized by custom-made ultrahigh energy ball milling (UHEM) and conventional SPEX ball milling methods. In the past, alloys such as SnCoC and metal oxides such as SiO, SnO2, MoO3, etc., have been studied extensively because of their long cycle life and/or high capacity. The composite metal oxide-SnCoC combines both of these advantages. In this work, we took 50 wt % SiO–50 wt % Sn30Co30C40 as an example, and found that ultrahigh energy ball mill offers more nanoparticles and higher capacity compared with conventional milling. High-energy X-ray diffraction indicates the presence of CoSn2 and Co Bragg phases and highly distorted phases in the mixture. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis reveals a tremendous difference between UHEM and SPEX samples. The pair distribution function shows the local structure and indicates that SiO and SnCoC are not only a physical mixture, but have react...
THE CONGRUENCE OF MORPHOMETRIC SHAPE IN RELATION TO GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN FOUR RACES OF MORABINE GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: EUMASTACIDAE).

The purpose of this study is to examine, by factor analysis and matrix congruence procedures, the relationship between genetic divergence and morphometric shape patterns among four chromosomal races of morabine grasshoppers. Determination of the amount of change in body form or "shape" that has occurred as a function of evolutionary divergence among closely related taxa is of considerable importance to many disciplines of biology including systematics, evolutionary genetics and developmental biology. Unfortunately, "shape" is a rather nebulous concept as evidenced by the wide variety of coefficients, indices and statistical procedures that have been proposed to describe shape variation (Pearson, 1926; Penrose, 1947, 1954; Jolicoeur and Mosimann, 1960; Jolicoeur, 1963; Rao, 1964; Burnaby, 1966; Vasicek and Jicin, 1971; Sprent, 1972; Spielmann, 1973). Quite obviously, the "shape" of an organism is the result of complex interactions of numerous morphometric variables and, as a result, the analysis of shape can only be accomplished using techniques that simultaneously consider the variation in large numbers of variables. Two interrelated problems, however, have hindered the multivariate analysis of shape. First, a workable definition had been lacking as to what constitutes "size" and "shape" components of variation. Secondly, considerable difference of opinion exists among biologists as to the best quantitative methods for partitioning out the respective size and shape patterns. Mosimann (1970) partially resolved the first problem when he provided a generalized definition of size and shape. Assuming a random vector of body measurements (X1 ...., XmQ) measured in the same scale and associated with each individual in the population, Mosimann defined a "size" variable as a dimensioned variable such as :X, (IIX)/l or simply any single Xi. A "shape" variable on the other hand, he defined as a dimensionless variable such as (Xi/Xm,. .. Xm i/Xm) or (Xi/:X, .... Xm/:X). Before considering what we believe to be the appropriate quantitative model for analyzing shape, consider the fundamental questions that must be answered in a comparative analysis of shape variation. These include: 1) What are the major patterns of shape variation within each taxon? 2) To what extent have these patterns become altered among closely related taxa? Within the framework of this question, we are interested not only in the relative contribution of the various individual variables to each shape pattern but also the relationships among the major shape patterns themselves. As noted above, a number of quantitative procedures have been proposed to study shape variation; however, some of these, such as canonical variate analysis and distance statistics, are incapable of answering the aforementioned two questions. Canonical variate analysis, as employed by Blackith and Blackith (1969), is inappropriate because one can not determine the patterns of variation within the various groups nor do the canonical variates repre-
A flux reconstruction solver for unsteady incompressible viscous flow using artificial compressibility with implicit dual time stepping

This paper reports development of a high-order flux reconstruction method for solving unsteady incompressible flow on unstructured grids with implicit dual time stepping. The governing equations employ Chorin’s classic artificial compressibility treatment with dual time stepping. Implicit non-linear lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel smoothing with backward Euler discretization is used to march the solution in pseudo time, while a second-order backward Euler discretization is used to march in physical time. We verify implementation of the high-order method coupled with our implicit time stepping scheme using incompressible Taylor-Green decaying vortices. We further validate the solver with unsteady laminar flow past a cylinder. The current implicit time stepping scheme is proven effective in satisfying the divergence-free constraint on the velocity field in the artificial compressibility formulation within the context of the high-order flux reconstruction method.
Towards High-Throughput Opto-Mechanical Flow Cytometry

We use opto-mechanical sensing on hollow-core silica whispering gallery resonators to perform high throughput mechanical measurements on rapidly flowing single particles and cells.
Optimization of Pilot Overhead in Communications With ARQ-Feedback

In this letter, we optimize the pilot overhead in communication with retransmission and investigate the dependence of this overhead on various system parameters, e.g., fading rate, target rate, and signal-to-noise ratio. We formalize the optimization and frame it in terms of throughput maximization; this leads to an accurate optimal pilot overhead closed-form expression. Results show that the optimal overhead expressions are roots of quartic polynomials. At a high-power regime, they decrease with the target rate and increase with the normalized Doppler frequency, and at low-power regime, they are only function of the target rate.
Using rubrics for assessing information literacy in the finance classroom: A collaboration

ABSTRACTBusiness information literacy (BIL) is a core competency for lifelong learning and critical to achieving professional success. This article reports on the evolution of a collaborative framework for integrating and assessing information literacy in subject-specific upper-level undergraduate, as well as introductory MBA, courses in finance. The framework, developed over a significant period of time, provides a guide for structured and full collaboration between librarians and classroom instructors and includes a sample assignment and accompanying evaluation rubric which are adaptable across disciplines. Additionally, it provides a model for developing pedagogical methodologies for student attainment of BIL competencies and for faculty assessment of them.
Analysis of Corrosion Resistance for Glass Fiber Reinforced Materials Used in CNG-2 Composite Cylinder

In order to understand the corrosion resistance of glass fibers which is used in the CNG- 2 cylinders,it have been tested and compared the composition,the physical properties,the acid resistance and the stress corrosion of the common two glass fibers: E- CR glass fiber and E- glass fiber. The research which had been studied on dry fiber corrosion resistance test method,stress corrosion test and acid environment test has shown that selecting the E- CR glass fiber which has the higher strength and corrosion resistance could be more reliable guarantee for the CNG- 2 cylinder.
Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Predominant Heterologous Mucinous Differentiation and Foci of Hepatocytic Differentiation: Case Report and Review of The Literature

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare ovarian neoplasm and belongs to the group of sex cord stromal tumors. We present a case of a 15-year old girl diagnosed with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous elements consisting predominantly of mucinous epithelium and a sparse Sertoli-Leydig cell component, mimicking mucinous neoplasm. Furthermore, foci of hepatocytic differentiation were also identified. Immunohistochemical stains showed the component of Sertoli cell differentiation was positive for cytokeratin 18 and inhibin. The component of Leydig cell differentiation was strongly positive for inhibin. The component of hepatocytic differentiation was positive for low molecular weight keratin, HepPar1, alpha-fetoprotein and weakly positive for inhibin. Thus, this was a very rare case which created a challenge for pathologists, especially on frozen sections.
Exploring hand coordination as a measure of surgical skill

Abstract Background The study aim was to identify residents’ coordination between dominant and nondominant hands while grasping for sutures in a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair procedure simulation. We hypothesize residents will rely on their dominant and nondominant hands unequally while grasping for suture. Methods Surgical residents had 15 min to complete the mesh securing and mesh tacking steps of a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair procedure. Procedure videos were coded for manual coordination events during the active suture grasping phase. Manual coordination events were defined as: active motion of dominant, nondominant, or both hands; and bimanual or unimanual manipulation of hands. A chi-square test was used to discriminate between coordination choices. Results Thirty-six residents (postgraduate year, 1-5) participated in the study. Residents changed manual coordination types during active suture grasping 500 times, ranging between 5 and 24 events (M = 13.9 events, standard deviation [SD] = 4.4). Bimanual coordination was used most (40%) and required the most time on average (M = 20.6 s, SD = 27.2), while unimanual nondominant coordination was used least (2.2%; M = 7.9 s, SD = 6.9). Residents relied on their dominant and nondominant hands unequally (P Conclusions Residents appeared to actively coordinate both dominant and nondominant hands almost half of the time to complete suture grasping. Bimanual task durations took longer than other tasks on average suggesting these tasks were characteristically longer or switching hands required a greater degree of coordination. Future work is necessary to understand how task completion time and overall performance are affected by residents’ hand utilization and switching between dominant and nondominant hands in surgical tasks.
The Sideshow: Cambodia 1945

The Potsdam Conference in July 1945 had not only placed southern Vietnam within the sphere of British military operations against the Japanese, but it had also included the tip of southern Laos and all of the Kingdom of Cambodia. Allied military planners logically expected the war in the Far East to continue well into 1946. Military preparations and expectation were thus developed with this in mind. At this stage, there was no hint of a possible Japanese surrender. Furthermore, few in the Allied military establishment knew of the existence of an atomic weapon of mass destruction. All military strategy within SEAC dramatically changed in August. The two atomic bombs dropped upon Japan relegated existing plans for the continuation of the war to the wards of history.
Updates on histologic grading and pathogenesis of ovarian serous carcinomas

根据美国癌症数据库的统计,2009年全美卵巢癌的发病人数为21 550人,而死亡人数为14 600人,因此卵巢癌已成为最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤[1].长期以来,人们对上皮性卵巢癌的认识停留在:(1)它起源于卵巢表面上皮(ovarian surface epithelial,OSE),即间皮,向下内陷形成皮质包涵囊肿,此后再经过一系列的变化发展为肿瘤。
miR-17-3p Exacerbates Oxidative Damage in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Oxidative stress has been shown to contribute to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We showed miR-17-3p to be elevated in macular RPE cells from AMD patients and in ARPE-19 cells under oxidative stress. Transfection of miR-17-3p mimic in ARPE-19 induced cell death and exacerbated oxidative lethality that was alleviated by miR-17-3p inhibitor. The expression of antioxidant enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and thioredoxin reductase-2 (TrxR2) were suppressed by miR-17-3p mimic and reversed by miR-17-3p inhibitor. These results suggest miR-17-3p aggravates oxidative damage-induced cell death in human RPE cells, while miR-17-3p inhibitor acts as a potential protector against oxidative stress by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes.
Algernon Sidney and the People

John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon felt bound by political reality to deny that they supported a ‘commonwealth’ or ‘republican form of government’ for England. But they knew and praised other modern Englishmen who did, or had, and preeminently Algernon Sidney, most of whose book was ‘eternally true’ and even ‘agreeable to our own constitution’.1 ‘Sidney’ also supplied the most popular English pseudonym of the American revolution,2 and was first in John Adams’s list of writers who ‘will convince any candid mind, that there is no good government but what is republican’.3
The Social Predicament

The critical historical method, to remind, begins with a set of facts to be explained, for which explanation is then provided. The third dimension of this method is to demonstrate the significance of the foregoing by examination of social problems or issues that stem from the explanation given. The useful economist will see that commercial, industrial society embodies core tendencies that chronically undermine the quality of human life and threaten to acutely diminish it in a flash of military or ecological bedlam. These untoward tendencies comprise the social predicament of the New Industrial State and the road to the future lies in the responses chosen in the effort to subordinate them to the quality of human life.
Do Graduate Teacher Education Programs Change Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Inclusion and Efficacy Beliefs?

This study compared changes in attitudes toward inclusion and efficacy of 98 general and 76 special education students completing their master’s degree. Data were collected at the beginning of the ...
SU98. Glutamate and GABA in the Substantia Nigra in Postmortem Brain

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental illness that has positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. The substantia nigra (SN) is one of the largest dopaminergic nuclei in the brain and projects to the striatum which is the primary locus for action of antipsychotic drugs. The SN receives both glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs that regulate the dopaminergic neuronal activity. In recent years, imaging studies that have shown hyperactivity of the SN in patients with SZ, suggesting that dysregulation of the SN may play of role in the increased amount of dopamine in the striatum in these patients. Methods: Our study examined neurochemically defined inputs to the SN. The postmortem SN that was used was collected from the Maryland Brain Collection. There were 11 cases total that were examined in this study with schizophrenia cases (n = 6) being compared to matched normal control cases (SZ) (n = 5). In this study, immunohistochemistry was performed with 3 different antibodies: vGLUT1, vGLUT2, and GAD67, which labels glutamatergic (vGLUT1 and vGLUT2) and GABAergic (GAD67) projections to the SN. VGLUT1 labels projections coming from cortical and hippocampal regions while vGLUT2 labels projections coming from subcortical regions such as the subthalamic nucleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus. The stained tissues were mounted, cover slipped, and the entirety of the SN was imaged using a light box. Three to 4 sections were analyzed per case. Using a random coordinate generator, 20 areas were selected from each section from which 25 photos were taken for each; optical densitometry (OD) analysis was performed using ImageJ. Results: The mean OD values for vGLUT1 were 16.1 ± 5.6 (NC) and 11.6 ± 6.6 (SZ); a 28% decrease for SZ. The mean OD values for vGLUT2 were 35.8 ± 3.9 (NC) and 41.1 ± 6.7 (SZ), a 15% increase for SZ. The mean OD values for GAD67 were 26.5 ± 13.4 (NC) and 32.2 ± 20.0 (SZ), a 21% increase for SZ. Conclusion: None of these changes reached statistical significance, due in part to the small sample size and great variation in results in the SZ group. A previous study from our lab showed changes in protein levels in the SN that were dependent on medication status. Ongoing studies include an electron microscopic analysis of mitochondria per terminal in the SZ, to determine if there are compromised energy demands in specific subsets of terminals.
Simulating micro-robots to find a point of interest under noise and with limited communication using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents the simulation results of a swarm of micro-robots collaborating to find a point of interest in 2D space. Guided by a fitness function, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is highly efficient to explore the solution space and find such an optimum. However, in real-world scenarios in which the particles are micro-robots, there are practical constraints. The two most significant constraints are: (1) given communication and measurement noise, the fitness function evaluation will be noisy, (2) given the limited communication range of micro-robots, broadcasting the global best solution is too expensive. A neighborhood PSO (NPSO) algorithm is proposed to replace the global best by the neighborhood best. Different applications call for different fitness functions, and three benchmark functions, representing three typical scenarios, are examined: (1) a unimodal and symmetric scenario with only one global optimum, (2) a multi-modal scenario with one global optimum but many local optima, and (3) a uni-model but asymmetric scenario. For each fitness function, simulations on the effects of the two aforementioned constraints, individually or combined, are carried out. The results demonstrate that PSO is tolerant to noise up to certain level and NPSO is a practical adaptation to implement swarm intelligence in swarm robotics.
Abstract 2344: Video-EEG Reveals Subclinical Ischemic Seizures And Limited Efficacy Of Phenobarbital In Neonatal Mice

Ischemia in the immature brain is an important cause of neonatal seizures. The exact timing of neonatal stroke onset is usually unclear and the diagnosis delayed until presentation with seizures a few to several hours later. Optimal seizure treatment in neonates remains uncharacterized and the widely used drug phenobarbital has limited clinical efficacy. Developmental profiles of chloride co-transporter expression and function in immature brains have been proposed to dictate the age dependent anti-seizure efficacy of GABA-agonists and this switch is known to occur in P8-9 mouse pups. To investigate the anti-seizure efficacy of the first line anticonvulsant and GABA A -agonist phenobarbital (PB) and NKCC1 antagonist bumetanide (BTN) as adjunct treatment on neonatal ischemic-seizures, we utilized synchronous video-EEG and unilateral carotid-ligation to produce acute ischemic-seizures in postnatal day 7 and 10 CD1 mice. Quantitative analyses of pre- and post-treatment EEGs were done using Pinnacle (Pinnacle technology Inc., KS) seizure scoring and Insight software (Persyst development corp., AZ) for evaluation of seizure grades (clinical vs. subclinical or electrographic) and treatment efficacy. Severity of acute ischemic seizures and incidence of subclinical seizures was higher at P7 and a gender-specific susceptibility was detected in males that correlated with a lag in KCC2 expression levels in naive males compared to age-matched females, not detected at P10. However, the P7 brains were comparatively more resistant to infarcts unlike at P10 when they occurred frequently. PB showed a better efficacy at P10. BTN treatment 1h following PB however failed to act as an efficacious adjunct therapy and aggravated subclinical seizures in P10 females. At P7, both PB and add-on BTN treatment failed to stop seizures. EEG power (0.5-32 Hz) was lowered after PB treatment at both ages. Post-ischemic down-regulation of KCC2 expression was detected at both ages tested compared to age-matched naive brains. This study showed that 1. Quantification of subclinical ictal events better evaluate anti-seizure efficacy of treatments and 2. The down-regulation of KCC2 in ischemia may further decrease the efficacy of drug actions that are dependent on a hyperpolarizing chloride gradient for their anticonvulsant action. This decrease in efficacy failed to be rescued by blocking the immature chloride co-transporter NKCC1.
Exploiting Configurability as a Defense against Cache Side Channel Attacks

Caches have significant impact on an embedded system's performance and energy consumption. As a result, much prior research has focused on cache optimizations to minimize energy consumption and improve performance. Caches are also highly susceptible to side channel attacks, wherein an attacker analyzes leaked information from side channels to extract private information. A key challenge of security mechanisms is that they incur overheads, which can potentially impede optimization goals. Since configurability has been widely studied as a viable and effective cache optimization, we explore using configurability as a moving target defense against cache side channel attacks, while minimizing the attendant overheads of designing secure caches. We present experimental results to show that using configurability as a defense mechanism is very promising, and present future research directions towards enabling secure caches through configurability.
Iatrogenic solid tumors following immunosuppressive therapy

Immunosuppression induced by chronic medication, such as occurs post-transplantation, may increase a patient's risk of developing solid tumors. These are often rare tumors characterized by odd presentations. This review focuses on commonly encountered iatrogenic, non-hematopoietic solid tumors following immunotherapy and provides a practical approach to their diagnosis. All of the malignancies covered in this review are viral-induced. They include human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated carcinomas, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-related Merkel cell carcinoma, and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-related Kaposi sarcoma. The complementary diagnostic role of ancillary studies, such as immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization that target these oncogenic viruses, is addressed.
Population Genetics Between an Insular and Coastal Population of Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in Southwest Florida

Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) is a prominent species found in pine flatwoods, upland scrub, and coastal dunes of the southeast United States. Geoclimatic and anthropogenic sources of habitat changes have fragmented Gopher Tortoises into isolated populations that may reduce gene flow, promote inbreeding, and ultimately impact population viability. Rapid urbanization along the southwest Gulf Coast of Florida has degraded habitat, and fragmented insular and coastal populations. To assess the diversity in these vestige populations, we assessed the genetic structure of Gopher Tortoises on heavily developed Marco Island (n = 61) and the adjacent mainland within Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (RBNERR) (n = 23) in Collier County, FL. Using microsatellite markers, we determined that the Marco Island tortoises are genetically distinct from the RBNERR tortoises. We identified unique alleles and reduced allelic richness in both populations, suggesting isolation has reduced gene flow. We therefore encourage careful management of the Marco Island Gopher Tortoises to maintain the uniqueness of the population while preventing further loss of diversity.
The simplest rational greater-fool bubble model

Abstract We show that there exist models with rational agents, three periods, and five states of the world, which have a strong bubble in one of these states. However, no finite-horizon rational strong bubble model, with standard Walrasian markets, can have fewer than five states.
Comparing child protective investigation performance between law enforcement agencies and child welfare agencies

This study examines the comparative effectiveness of using law enforcement agencies for child protective investigation (CPI), in contrast with the traditional approach of CPI conducted by the public child welfare agency. The analysis uses 2006-2007 data from a natural experiment conducted in Florida to show modest differences in performance and cost-efficiency between the two approaches to CPI. These findings may have implications for other states considering outsourcing CPI to law enforcement.
Urothelial Carcinoma: Role of Perioperative Systemic Chemotherapy

In the bladder, the vast majority of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UCC) initially present with superficial disease at diagnosis, although approximately one-third will have muscle-invasive disease. Of these, greater than 60 % will eventually develop metastatic disease. In 2009, the American Cancer Society estimated that more than 14,000 patients in the USA died as a result of metastatic bladder cancer [1]. Worldwide, surgery and radiation therapy (RT) are considered standard of care for patients with muscle-invasive disease [2,3]. Despite the lack of prospective randomized data comparing surgery to RT in muscle-invasive disease, radical cystectomy, with an extended lymph node dissection and urinary diversion, represents a standard approach at many academic centers in North America. Survival after radical cystectomy is a function of pathologic stage, with several series indicating that patients with pT4 lesions (tumor-penetrating adjacent structures) have a long-term survival rate of 33 % compared with 72 % for patients with pT2 lesions (tumor invading either the superficial muscularis propria pT2a or the deep muscularis propria pT2b) [4–8]. Similarly, lymph-node involvement at the time of surgery remains a strong predictor of both local and systemic relapses. The 5-year median overall survival after radical cystectomy for patients with lymph node positive disease is less than 30 % [7,9].
Black Women in Films

(1982). Black Women In Films. The Black Scholar: Vol. 13, The Best of the Black Scholar: The Black Woman II, pp. 36-40.
Proptosis masquerading as buphthalmos following glaucoma drainage device surgery in a child with congenital glaucoma

Glaucoma drainage devices are commonly used in the surgical treatment of children with glaucoma. We report a case of unusually large reservoir formation causing proptosis, exposure keratopathy, and motility deficits. This case highlights the importance of B-scan and axial length measurements in differentiating proptosis from buphthalmos in children with glaucoma. Reducing the reservoir improved the proptosis and resolved the motility and exposure issues.
Moving Toward Excellence in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education: A Scoping Review.

Purpose:The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and map current evidence that underpins excellence in pediatric physical therapy education.Methods:An extensive review was conducted of literature published over a 27-year period regarding pediatric physical therapy/medical/allied health edu
Response to “Embracing Postcolonialism: The Future of Christian Education” by Mark A. Maddix:

Mark Maddix provides in this article a very insightful and needed Introduction to different perspectives that can contribute to the enrichment of Christian higher education, but that unfortunately ...
Evaluation of Polymers Migration Models

Polymer materials have been widely used as food packages because of various advantages they have including lightweight, durability, easy shape formation etc. During the manufacture process of polym...
Exploring Single-Mother College Students’ Perceptions of Their College-Related Experiences and of Campus Services

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore single-mother college students’ perceptions of their college-related experiences and to learn about campus services related to these experiences...
Abstract 3966: GenomeSpace: An environment for frictionless bioinformatics

Over the past several years, cancer genome characterization initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Tumor Sequencing Project have produced an explosion of genomic data. The pace of data production has recently increased with the adoption of next-generation sequencing technologies and large-scale data production efforts to discover the breadth of genomic variation in humans. Comprehensive analysis of these datasets requires the coordinated use of Web-based applications and data repositories, desktop analysis tools and visualizers, and single-purpose algorithms. However, the effort required to transfer data between tools, convert between data formats, and manage results often prevents researchers from utilizing the wealth of methods available to them. Many integrative genomics and translational “bench to bedside” discoveries are possible with combinations of existing tools, but the necessary transitions between them puts them out of the reach of most researchers. GenomeSpace, http://www.genomespace.org, is an environment that brings together diverse computational tools, enabling scientists without programming skills to easily combine their capabilities. It aims to offer a common space to create, manipulate and share an ever-growing range of genomic analysis tools. GenomeSpace features support for cloud-based data storage and analysis, multi-tool analytic workflows, automatic conversion of data formats, and ease of connecting new tools to the environment. A set of six “GenomeSpace-enabled” seed tools developed by collaborating organizations provides a comprehensive platform for the analysis of cancer data: Cytoscape (UCSD), Galaxy (Penn State University), GenePattern (Broad Institute), Genomica (Weitzmann Institute), Integrative Genomics Viewer (Broad Institute), and the UCSC Genome Browser (UCSC). We show how researchers can use GenomeSpace to effortlessly combine the capabilities of all of these tools in several cancer research scenarios. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3966. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3966
Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lecture. Contemporary model of muscle microcirculation: gateway to function and dysfunction

This review strikes at the very heart of how the microcirculation functions to facilitate blood-tissue oxygen, substrate, and metabolite fluxes in skeletal muscle. Contemporary evidence, marshalled...
Pattern of Inflammatory Molecules in Cartilage of the Impingement Zone in FAI Hips Suggests Origin of Hip Degeneration

Objectives:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is considered a common cause of articular cartilage damage and early hip osteoarthritis (OA) in the young-adult patients. Molecular inflammation is bel...
Active stand-off detection of gas leaks using an open-path quantum cascade laser sensor in a backscatter configuration

Fugitive gas emissions from agricultural or industrial plants and gas pipelines are an important environmental concern as they can contribute to the global increase of greenhouse gas concentration. Moreover, they are also a security and safety concern because of possible risk of fire/explosion or toxicity. This study presents gas concentration measurements using a quantum cascade laser open path system (QCLOPS). The system retrieves the path-averaged concentration of N 2 O by collecting the backscattered light from a scattering target. The gas concentration measurements have a high temporal resolution (68 ms) and are achieved at sufficient range (up to 40 m, ~ 130 feet) with a detection limit of 0.4 ppm for N2O. Given these characteristics, this system is promising for mobile/multidirectional remote detection and evaluation of gas leaks.
Bloodstream Infections: Epidemiology and Resistance

Bloodstream infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are associated with many adverse outcomes in infants, including increased length of stay and cost, poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, and death. Attention to the insertion and maintenance of central lines, along with careful review of when the catheters can be safely discontinued, can minimize central-line-associated bloodstream infections rates. Good antibiotic stewardship can further decrease the incidence of bloodstream infections, minimize the emergence of drug-resistant organisms or Candida as pathogens in the NICU, and safeguard the use of currently available antibiotics for future infants.
Myeloablative versus non-myeloablative consolidative chemotherapy for newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma: Results of induction therapy in Alliance 51101.

8042Background: Optimal consolidative therapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is not defined. Avoidance of whole brain radiation may reduce risk of neurotoxicity. Non-radiation ...
Autonomous taxis & public health: High cost or high opportunity cost?

Abstract Passenger vehicles are a major source of air pollution, exposure to which increases respiratory disease risk, amplifies life-threatening conditions and burdens the public purse. The negative externalities associated with these vehicles rise further when road accidents are considered. Almost all such accidents involving fatalities transpire when private users are in single vehicle incidents or collide with each other. Though autonomous vehicle technology can mitigate these effects, widespread adoption and proliferation demands cost competitiveness with the status quo; namely, personally owned and operated, conventional vehicles. Here we show that this prospect may - in a commercially owned and operated enterprise – be unlikely. Causal factors of relevance include low capacity utilization rates and impracticable profit expectations. In a single ridership ‘autonomous taxi’ model, we find capacity utilization rates would need to improve from 52 percent to 100 percent and profits lowered by 37 percent (from 27 cents to 17 cents on a per-mile basis) for autonomous taxis to offer fares that are comparable with personally owned, conventional vehicles. In a multiple ridership model, the affordance of these fares requires a 30 percent increase in vehicle occupancy (from 1.67 to 2.2) and a 75 percent increase (1.67 to 2.92) were even lower fares offered to incentivize shared, autonomous taxi use over personally owned, conventional vehicles. We conclude that consideration of the opportunity costs of driving are integral to the widespread adoption of a technology that may dramatically improve public health outcomes.
On Thresholding Quantizer Design for Mutual Information Maximization: Optimal Structures and Algorithms

Consider a channel having the discrete input X that is corrupted by a continuous noise to produce the continuous-valued output U. A thresholding quantizer is then used to quantize the continuous-valued output U to the final discrete output V. One wants to design a thresholding quantizer that maximizes the mutual information between the input and the final quantized output I(X;V). In this paper, the structure of optimal thresholding quantizer is established that finally results in two efficient algorithms having the time complexities $O(NM+K\log^{2}(NM))$ for finding the local optimal quantizer and $O(KM\log(NM))$ for finding the global optimal quantizer where N, M, K are the size of input X, received output U and quantized output V, respectively. Both theoretical and numerical results are provided to verify our contributions.
Predictive modeling of bacterial infections and antibiotic therapy needs in critically ill adults

Unnecessary antibiotic regimens in the intensive care unit (ICU) are associated with adverse patient outcomes and antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial infections (BI) are both common and deadly in ICUs, and as a result, patients with a suspected BI are routinely started on broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to having confirmatory microbiologic culture results or when an occult BI is suspected, a practice known as empiric antibiotic therapy (EAT). However, EAT guidelines lack consensus and existing methods to quantify patient-level BI risk rely largely on clinical judgement and inaccurate biomarkers or expensive diagnostic tests. As a consequence, patients with low risk of BI often are continued on EAT, exposing them to unnecessary side effects. Augmenting current intuition-based practices with data-driven predictions of BI risk could help inform clinical decisions to shorten the duration of unnecessary EAT and improve patient outcomes. We propose a novel framework to identify ICU patients with low risk of BI as candidates for earlier EAT discontinuation. For this study, patients suspected of having a community-acquired BI were identified in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) dataset and categorized based on microbiologic culture results and EAT duration. Using structured longitudinal data collected up to 24-, 48-, and 72-hours after starting EAT, our best models identified patients at low risk of BI with AUROCs up to 0.8 and negative predictive values >93%. Overall, these results demonstrate the feasibility of forecasting BI risk in a critical care setting using patient features found in the electronic health record and call for more extensive research in this promising, yet relatively understudied, area.
Throughput and Collision Analysis of Multichannel Multistage Spectrum Sensing Algorithms

Multistage sensing is a novel concept that refers to a general class of spectrum sensing algorithms that divide the sensing process into a number of sequential stages. The number of sensing stages and the sensing technique per stage can be used to optimize the performance with respect to secondary user (SU) throughput and the collision probability between primary user (PU) and SU. So far, the impact of multistage sensing on network throughput and collision probability for a realistic network model has been relatively unexplored. Therefore, we present the first analytical framework that enables the performance evaluation of different multichannel multistage spectrum sensing algorithms for opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) networks. The contribution of this paper lies in studying the effect of the following parameters on performance: number of sensing stages, physical layer sensing techniques and durations per each stage, single and parallel channel sensing and access, number of available channels, PU and SU traffic, buffering of incoming SU traffic, and medium access control layer sensing algorithms. The analyzed performance metrics include the average SU throughput and the average collision probability between PU and SU. Our results show that when the probability of PU misdetection is constrained, the performance of multistage sensing is, in most cases, superior to the single-stage sensing counterpart. In addition, prolonged channel observation at the first stage of sensing considerably decreases the collision probability while keeping the throughput at an acceptable level. Finally, in realistic PU traffic scenarios, using two stages of sensing provides a good balance between SU throughput and collision probability while meeting successful detection constraints subjected by OSA communication.
Consideration of Structural Anomalies Related to Cleft and Craniofacial Conditions

Purpose The purpose of this introduction is to provide an overview of the topic and the articles contained within the Special Interest Group 5 Forum: Consideration of Structural Anomalies Related t...
Challenges and approaches to involving family caregivers in primary care.

Abstract Objective Older adults are commonly accompanied to routine medical visits. This study identifies challenges and explores approaches to managing patient-family interactions in primary care. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary care clinicians and staff (N = 30) as well as older adult patients and family caregivers (N = 40). Interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Results Three major challenges to patient-family interactions were identified: navigating patient autonomy and family motivation to participate; adjudicating patient-family disagreements; and minimizing obtrusive behaviors by caregivers. Three approaches to managing patient-family interactions were identified. Collaborating involved non-judgmental listening, consensus-building, and validation of different perspectives. Dividing involved separating the patient and family member to elicit confidential information from one member of the dyad. Focusing involved re-directing the conversation to either the patient or family member while minimizing input from the other. Approaches varied by patients’ cognitive status and overall health condition. In general, patients and caregivers expressed the most positive attitudes toward collaborating and patient-directed focusing approaches. Conclusion Primary care clinicians use varied approaches to managing their interactions with patient-family dyads. Patients and caregivers generally prefer those approaches that involve collaborative rather than individual discussions. Practice implications Findings suggest the potential for the development of communication-focused interventions to promote positive clinician-patient-family interactions.
The role and potential of residential open space in a suburban green space network

Abstract As the climate changes, green spaces of all types will be increasingly important in maintaining livable and biodiverse communities. A type of green space common to suburban communities in the United States is residential open space. Residential open spaces tend to be small and heavily managed and are frequently undervalued and understudied as ecological amenities. This study uses GIS analysis and spatial statistics to explore the configuration of 1900 residential open spaces in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, a suburban county in the northeastern United States. It examines local characteristics such as open space policy, subdivision features, and socioeconomic status to identify variables that are associated with open space parcel size and connectivity and could be leveraged to foster a more beneficial configuration of metropolitan green space. The analysis finds that open space is moderately fragmented, but is abundant in the county and clustered, which could support functional connectivity. Direct connections also considerably augment the size of open spaces and other types of protected greenspaces. Results highlight that municipal actions like setting open space standards, using open space to protect riparian areas, and taking ownership of open space parcels are associated with beneficial on-the-ground open space characteristics.