cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introducing the concept of tactile space: Creating lasting social and environmental commitments

Abstract This paper introduces into the literature the concept of tactile space. In tactile space, forms of representational and non-representational knowledge are exchanged, resulting in the decentering of the subject/objective dichotomy as well as the senses. In doing this, tactile space helps to instill within individuals a greater sense of relationality with others and the environment, which leads to long lasting attitudinal and behavioral changes (versus the superficial changes provided by, say, financial dis/incentives). To help clarify the concept, two different cases are examined. The first example looks briefly at the Sunnyside Environmental School, located in Portland, Oregon (US). The purpose of this first case is to provide some real world flesh to the concept of tactile space. A more detailed conceptual discussion of tactile space takes place in the following section. Here, attention focuses on an in depth study of two cases of community supported agriculture in Iowa (US). The paper concludes by reflecting upon the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead as we further develop our understanding of tactile space and the relations, sensations, and non-representational knowledges it helps to bring forth.
Effect of Tetraalkylammonium Chlorides on Foaming Properties of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Solutions

The effect of tetraalkylammonium chlorides (TCnAC for n = 1, 2, 3, and 4) on the micellar stability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions was investigated and related to dynamic interfacial properties, such as foamability and foam stability as well as surface viscosity and surface tension. The slow relaxation time τ2, which is directly related to the micellar stability, was determined using the pressure-jump technique. It was found that upon increasing the concentration of TCnAC, the micellar stability increases, due to the ionic interactions between the oppositely charged TCnAC and the SDS headgroup. Beyond a critical concentration (depending on the alkyl chain length of TCnAC), the micellar stability decreases again, which is attributed to the disruption of the molecular packing in the micelles as well as at the air/water interface. The location of a maximum in the micellar stability corresponds to maxima in foam stability and surface viscosity and to minima in foamability and surface tension. These...
Sequence-Independent Inhibition of RNA Transcription by DNA Dumbbells and Other Decoys

DNA dumbbells are stable, short segments of double-stranded DNA with closed nucleotide loops on each end, conferring resistance to exonucleases. Dumbbells may be designed to interact with transcription factors in a sequence-specific manner. The internal based paired sequence of DNA dumbbells in this study contains the X-box, a positive regulatory motif found in all MHC class II DRA promoters. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), dumbbells and other oligonucleotides ('decoys') with the core X-box sequence were found to compete with the native strand for binding to X-box binding proteins (including RFX1). However, only the X-box dumbbell was capable of forming detectable complexes with such proteins using EMSA. In a model cell system, dumbbells were tested for their ability to block RFX1VP16 activation of a plasmid containing multiple repeats of the X-box linked to the CAT gene. While it appeared that dumbbells could block this activation, the effect was non-specific. This and further evidence suggests an inhibition of transcription, most likely via an interaction with the general transcriptional machinery.
Modeling and experimental investigation of rheological properties of injectable poly(lactide ethylene oxide fumarate)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites.

Injectable multiphasic polymer/ceramic composites are attractive as bioresorbable scaffolds for bone regeneration because they can be cross-linked in situ and are osteoconductive. The injectability...
Near-infrared photoluminescence enhancement in Ge/CdS and Ge/ZnS Core/shell nanocrystals: utilizing IV/II-VI semiconductor epitaxy.

Ge nanocrystals have a large Bohr radius and a small, size-tunable band gap that may engender direct character via strain or doping. Colloidal Ge nanocrystals are particularly interesting in the development of near-infrared materials for applications in bioimaging, telecommunications and energy conversion. Epitaxial growth of a passivating shell is a common strategy employed in the synthesis of highly luminescent II–VI, III–V and IV–VI semiconductor quantum dots. Here, we use relatively unexplored IV/II–VI epitaxy as a way to enhance the photoluminescence and improve the optical stability of colloidal Ge nanocrystals. Selected on the basis of their relatively small lattice mismatch compared with crystalline Ge, we explore the growth of epitaxial CdS and ZnS shells using the successive ion layer adsorption and reaction method. Powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques, including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction, clearly show the controllable grow...
Dose Escalation of Busulfan with Pentoxifylline and Ciprofloxacin in Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Autologous Transplants

Objective: There is evidence that pentoxifylline (PTX) and ciprofloxacin (Cipro) may protect patients from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation, which could allow further drug
A comparison of the effect of transforming growth factor β1 on pyrophosphate elaboration from various articular tissues

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) on inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) elaboration from articular tissues to better understand the pathophysiology of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition in the joint. Methods PPi was measured in the media of adult porcine articular tissue in organ culture and monolayer cultures. Results TGF beta 1 strongly stimulated PPi elaboration by porcine fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. It modestly increased PPi elaboration by ligament, and had no effect on PPi elaborated by synovium. Of all cell types tested in cell culture, only chondrocytes responded to TGF beta 1 by significantly increasing PPi elaboration. Conclusion TGF beta 1 stimulates PPi elaboration from hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and ligament, indicating that there is in situ CPPD crystal formation in these tissues. The ability of tissues to respond to TGF beta 1 by increasing PPi elaboration correlates with the prevalence of CPPD crystal deposition found clinically. The unique response of chondrocyte monolayers to TGF beta 1 reinforces the key role of the chondrocyte in PPi elaboration in the joint. These findings support an etiologic role for responsiveness to TGF beta 1 in CPPD disease.
Climatological mean and interannual variance of United States surface wind speed, direction and velocity

Means and variances of monthly mean wind speed, direction and velocity (the mean resultant vector) are derived for the period 1961–1990 at 216 stations in the coterminous United States. Direction and velocity means and variances are calculated using a complex-arithmetic extension of the equations for scalar mean and variance. Variance is derived from the 30-year time series of monthly means. While analyses of monthly mean wind fields are common, accompanying analyses of speed, direction, and velocity variance do not generally accompany them. Mean monthly wind direction and velocity fields show a typical seasonal progression from westerly and northwesterly winds in winter, to southerly winds in summer. Scalar and vector wind speeds are highest in winter and spring, and lowest in the summer. Seasonal variation in the mean fields is related to seasonal changes in mean sea level pressure, particularly east of the Rocky Mountains. In the western United States, mean winds often reflect channeling by local topography. The interannual variance of mean monthly wind speed, direction and velocity are related to seasonal variability in synoptic-scale features, such as the frequency of cyclones and anticyclones. Low variance occurs at a number of stations in the west, where topography restricts the range of wind variability. High velocity variance appears when both speed and direction variability are high, but it can occur also when speed variance is high and direction variance is low (or vice versa). Low velocity variance can result from low speed and direction variance, or from low mean wind velocities. The mean and variance characteristics of surface winds provide additional information on the surface climatology of the coterminous United States, and serve as a useful adjunct to other extant land-surface climatologies. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society
Stereodynamic coordination complexes. Dependence of exciton coupled circular dichroism spectra on molecular conformation and shape

Chiral amino alcohols, amino ethers, and amino thioethers were converted to tetradentate ligands by alkylation with a variety of chromophore-bearing alkyl heterocycles. Copper(II) complexes of the ligands display conformational diastereomerism in solution. The resultant propeller-shaped compounds were characterized by a variety of techniques, including exciton coupled circular dichroism (ECCD). Three X-ray crystal structures of complexes are described that partially support structural assignments, but also suggest that solid state structures are not always indicative of solution species. Thus, ECCD may in some cases provide data that is strongly complimentary to X-ray crystallography. These results are presented in a larger context of coordination complexes that display dynamic behavior that can be studied by chiroptical spectroscopy.
The effects of yohimbine and four other antagonists on amitraz-induced depression of shuttle avoidance responses in dogs.

The ability of five antagonists to prevent the central nervous system's depressant effects of amitraz in dogs was evaluated using a shuttle avoidance paradigm. All drugs were injected iv into six male dogs trained to avoid a 1-mA shock by jumping over a hurdle within 10 sec of the start of a tone. Dogs were given an antagonist or saline followed in 5 min by 3 mg/kg amitraz dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or DMSO alone. After pretreatment with saline, amitraz decreased significantly the x number of avoidance responses and increased significantly the x latencies of avoidance responses. After pretreatment with the α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg), amitraz no longer decreased the x number of avoidance responses or lengthened the x latencies of avoidance responses. The nonselective α-adrenoreceptor antagonist tolazoline (3.3 mg/kg) prevented amitraz-induced increases in x latencies, but did not prevent the decreases in the x number of avoidances. The α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg/kg), the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (0.04 mg/kg), and the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg) did not prevent either of amitraz's effects. The data suggest that the amitraz-induced suppression of avoidance responding is mediated by α2-adrenoreceptors rather than by α1-adrenergic, muscarinic, or opioid receptors.
Long-period superlattices in the copper-gold system as two-phase mixtures

We have shown that a coherent two-phase mixture of ordered Cu3Au and the solid solution is better able to account for the observations on the complex structure (a long-period superlattice) which forms in the two-phase field around 30 at. pct Au than the structure proposed by Scott. In our structure we are replacing the antiphase boundaries in Scott’s structure with a few layers of the solid solution. In some measure it is the interfacial and the elastic coherency energies that are responsible for the details of this structure. These effects cause the observed two-phase field to be only 2.5 at. pct wide, compared with 10 pct for the equilibrium two-phase field. We have constructed a model that explains how this structure forms. From these results we expect that most of the socalled long-period superlattices are really two-phase mixtures of similar geometry. More generally, we expect that many of the complex, closely spaced phases that have been observed in some alloy systems can be similarily interpreted when the required analysis is carried out. In particular, our conclusions concerning the Fe-Al system are of a distinctly different character than those of Allen and Cahn.
Nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish (Ictaluruspunctatus) IV. Target cell binding and recycling capacity

Abstract The morphology of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) was identified. NCC were purified by target cell conjugate formation and density gradient separation. NCC are monocyte-like. They have reniform nuclei and a low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. Cytoplasmic granules were not seen after giemsa staining. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated moderate surface villi and target cell attachment occurred via long membraneous filament-like surface projections extending to the target cell membranes. Transmission electron microscopy of effector: target cell conjugates revealed membrane contact areas without fusion or fragmentation. The nucleus of the NCC had accentuated peripheral chromation and a prominent Golgi apparatus; the cytoplasm contained osmiophilic granules. Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk transformation of target cell binding revealed a Vmax of 11–15,000 and a Km of 40,000. The percentage of NCC bound to target cells was 16–18%. Results of these studies were combined with the conjugate experiment to obtain an estimated percentage of active NCC (5–7%). A maximum recycling capacity of .16–.30 indicated that once attachment by NCC to the target cell occurred (and a lethal signal delivered by an effector cell), either the NCC did not recycle or a long lag period was required to restore its cytotoxic capability.
In situ mass spectroscopy and thermogravimetric studies of GaAs MOCVD gas phase and surface reactions

Abstract Two special MOCVD reactors systems designed for in situ monitoring of gas phase and surface reactions are presented. The gas phase decomposition mechanisms of Ga(CH 3 ) 3 , Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 and As(CH 3 ) 3 in H 2 , He and D 2 are investigated by molecular beam sampled mass spectroscopy. The data show that the initial thermal pyrolysis reaction of Ga(CH 3 ) 3 and As(CH 3 ) 3 is a unimolecular reaction leading to the loss of methyl groups. This is supported by the observations of similar decomposition temperatures in H 2 and He, an increased C 2 H 6 formation in He, and the production of CH 3 D in D 2 carrier gas. The decomposition of Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 proceeds either via the loss of ethyl radicals or β-elimination of ethene, and the latter mechanism dominates above 650 K. This model is supported by variation in the product distribution of C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 5 ·, C 2 H 6 and C 4 H 10 with pyrolysis temperature. A new thermogravimetric MOCVD system is used to measure surface reaction rates of Ga(CH 3 ) 3 and As(CH 3 ) 3 at low pressures, where mass transfer effects are absent. Data for varying total pressures and constant partial pressures of Ga(CH 3 ) 3 and As(CH 3 ) 3 indicate that the growth rate at reduced pressures is influenced by gas phase reactions. At low pressures surface reactions appear to dominate and at high temperatures the growth rate goes to zero and etching takes place.
Urolithiasis: the influence of stone size on management.

Background A 37-year-old female presented with pain in the right lower lateral abdomen. She had experienced a ureteral stone in the past. Investigations Serum electrolyte levels, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine level, full blood count, urinalysis, CT. Diagnosis Urolithiasis. Management Cystoscopy and right retrograde pyelogram.
Knowledge-based automatic dimensioning

Abstract A knowledge-based system, for automatically dimensioning a given 3D CAD model, is described. It was found that 1. 1. dimensioning should preferably be based upon manufacturing features which are sets of surfaces in specified 3d relationships 2. 2. several different kinds of rules are needed 2.1. (a) for each feature, rules for generation of dimensions onto sets of surfaces comprising it 2.2. (b) for each surface, the generation of linear dimension forms 2.3. (c) for each such form, the instantiation of the dimension onto an explicit 3d linear element 2.4. (d) the selection of 3d linear elements to express in 2d views, and the selection of views to use 2.5. (e) the layout of the 2d dimensions generated. 3. 3. a large amount of redundancy occurred, which had to be managed and retained, until final decision on selection and placement of 2D dimensions were made. The system works by a sequence of applications of rules, which construct a set of prioritized goals connected by a network of redundancy relationships. Rules of types (a), (b) and (c) are successively applied, starting with the 3D model, to produce linear dimensioning goals, with redundancy relations among them. View selection and 2D layout involve rules of types (d) and (e), and a complex evaluation of each individual 2D dimensioning choice for each 3D linear dimensioning goal. The system was written in Prolog, using the UCLA CADLOG intelligent CAD system.
Use of a composite polyfunction model electrophile as a probe to analyze the performance of an artificial intelligence stucture-activity method

Abstract The CASE structure-activity relational method was applied to the model polyfunctional electrophile proposed by Ashby and associates. The predicted activities from data bases of ‘structural alerts’, mutagenicity in Salmonella and rodent carcinogenicity were compared. It was thus found that the predictive efficacy of CASE was increased when it employed a combination of human and artificial intelligence, as exemplified by the CASE analysis of ‘structural alerts’.
Searching for a Theory of Bureaucratic Structure

Administrative institutions often have important implications for the allocation of scarce resources. To some extent, therefore, they reflect the interests of those who have a stake in policy implementation. Although scholars have devoted increased attention to this fact, current theories that seek to explain bureaucratic structure as a reflection of politics are severely limited in range. In addition, they provide little insight as to the kinds of interests that underlie specific institutional arrangements. Future research should seek to identify contextual variables that condition institutional choice within the administrative process. Scholars have shown a heightened interest in the political sources of bureaucratic structure. Thus, although it is hardly new, the idea that organizational arrangements and procedures within the administrative process reflect the interests of those who stand to be affected by policy implementation has been given much more explicit attention. Rational choice theorists have been especially ambitious in developing this thesis. In this article I will describe and then critique perspectives that view administrative design as an instrument of political control. Leading efforts to theorize about the systemic role of bureaucratic structure will be limited in two broad respects. The more obvious is that the determinants of institutional choice are much more varied than economic models suggest. The contractual metaphor employed by such explanations, in which structure is intertwined with the goals of specific programs, cannot be applied to many if not most constraints on public administration. A more damning criticism of rational-choice theory is that, even where they are valid, its assumptions about the relationship between delegated authority and program design provide little insight concerning the implications of particular structural choices for particular types of interests. Notwithstanding its pretensions 591/Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory I would like to thank Jim Anderson, Frank Baumgartner, Jim Clingermayer, and Ken Meier for their comments on earlier drafts of this article. J-PART 7(1997):4:591-613 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.198 on Thu, 21 Jul 2016 04:06:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Searching for a Theory of Bureaucratic Structure to scientific explicitness and logical rigor, neoinstitutionalism has merely contributed to an already confused body of plausible but conflicting proverbs. The limitations of efforts to develop a coherent theory of bureaucratic structure suggest that we can gain a better understanding of the subject by identifying contextual factors that shape the motives and preferences of political actors.
Quantitative OCT angiography of optic nerve head blood flow

Optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow may be associated with glaucoma development. A reliable method to quantify ONH blood flow could provide insight into the vascular component of glaucoma pathophysiology. Using ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT), we developed a new 3D angiography algorithm called split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) for imaging ONH microcirculation. In this study, a method to quantify SSADA results was developed and used to detect ONH perfusion changes in early glaucoma. En face maximum projection was used to obtain 2D disc angiograms, from which the average decorrelation values (flow index) and the percentage area occupied by vessels (vessel density) were computed from the optic disc and a selected region within it. Preperimetric glaucoma patients had significant reductions of ONH perfusion compared to normals. This pilot study indicates OCT angiography can detect the abnormalities of ONH perfusion and has the potential to reveal the ONH blood flow mechanism related to glaucoma.
The effect of radiation and cryogenic temperature on the fatigue resistance of G-11 CR glass-cloth/epoxy laminates

Abstract Tension-tension fatigue tests were performed on unirradiated and irradiated G-11 CR notched fatigue specimens at 295 and 77 K. Fatigue failure was based on the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks from the notch roots to a selected length. Results indicate an increase in fatigue resistance at cryogenic temperature, a moderate radiation effect at both test temperatures and substantially different failure modes at 295 and 77 K.
The Benefits of High School Career and Technical Education (CTE) for Youth With Learning Disabilities

Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 (NLTS2), this study examines the career and technical education (CTE) course taking of high school students with learning disabilities (LD) in the context of the national movement toward higher standards for determining whether students leave high school “college and career ready.” Descriptive analyses document the extent of general education CTE course taking overall by students with LD and their engagement in a concentrated program of occupationally specific general education CTE, a level of course taking early research has linked to improved post–high school employment outcomes. Propensity score modeling was used to determine whether either type of CTE course taking is related to higher odds of full-time employment after high school and whether results differ with the length of time youth were out of high school. Results show no benefits of CTE course taking overall, but demonstrate a significant positive effect for participating in a concent...
Microporosity in micritic limestones: a review

Abstract Microporosity is extensively developed in many ancient, subsurface micritic limestones, including significant petroleum reservoirs. While these limestones may be described as “chalky-textured”, the rocks represent the depositional environments of shallow carbonate platforms and are not true chalk deposits. SEM studies reveal numerous types of micropores in micritic limestones, including both primary and solution-enhanced intercrystalline micropores, as well as micromolds, microvugs and microchannels. Intercrystalline micropores in carbonate matrix are typically 5–10 μm wide and are commonly responsible for > 20% porosity and > 1 md permeability. Secondary micropores commonly have diameters of less than 64 μm. During early lime-mud diagenesis, calcium carbonate is transferred from metastable carbonate particles to micrite and microspar (calcite) cements growing in adjacent micropores. Complete cementation produces a mosaic texture of anhedral micrite- or microspar-size crystals. Microporosity may be retained if cementation ceases shortly after the stabilization process is complete, resulting in a porous framework texture of micro-rhombic calcite. Uplifted Cenozoic carbonates with chalky texture do not serve as appropriate analogs for all micritic limestones with abundant intercrystalline microporosity. In fact, meteoric alteration beneath exposure surfaces commonly results in cementation and occlusion of intercrystalline microporosity in matrix material. As great amounts of freshwater flush through the deposit, metastable skeletal fragments are leached and the lime mud appears to act as a sink for calcium carbonate cementation. This is evident in matrix with mosaic texture in Pleistocene limestones beneath Holocene lagoonal sediments in the Bahamas and in a subsurface Miocene buildup that were studied. Moreover, marine stable-isotope signatures preserved in porous matrix with framework texture indicate that matrix lithification proceeded in a somewhat closed system of high rock/water ratio, isolated from outside sources of calcium carbonate; this is evident in reservoirs composed of thick microporous Miocene and Lower Cretaceous carbonates that were studied. Precursor mineralogy and rock/water ratio during diagenesis appear to be important factors in the textural evolution of recrystallized carbonate muds.
On the application of pseudospectral FFT techniques to non-periodic problems

SUMMARY The reduction-to-periodicity method using the pseudospectral fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique is applied to the solution of non-periodic problems, including the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The accuracy of the method is explored by calculating the derivatives of given functions, one- and two-dimensional convective4iffusive problems, and by comparing the relative errors due to the FFT method with a second-order finite difference (FD) method. Finally, the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved by a fractional step procedure using both the FFT and the FD methods for the driven cavity flow and the backward-facing step problems. Comparisons of these solutions provide a realistic assessment of the FFT method. In this paper we discuss a numerical technique for solving partial differential equations in nonperiodic domains by the use of the pseudospectral method. This work was motivated by the need to develop a time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes solver with non-periodic inflow/outflow boundary conditions involving wave propagation problems. In such problems the use of Chebyshev expansions along the streamwise direction provides an accurate solution procedure at the cost of imposing very stiff viscous time step restrictions. Note that along the streamwise direction, time-explicit methods can be efficiently used owing to the absence of any sharp gradients at inflow/outflow boundaries. In flows bounded by solid walls, however, it is expected that the spectral Chebychev method will be superior for the same number of grid points and the same operation count. The goal of this paper is to provide a direct comparison of the reduction-toperiodicity method with a widely used second-order finite difference method in an effort to isolate the advantages/shortcomings of the reduction-to-periodicity method. In periodic domains the use of the pseudospectral fast Fourier transform technique was instigated by the work of Or~zag,'-~ and since then the method has been extensively used in solving multidimensional fluid dynamics problems with periodic boundary conditions. The article by Orszag and Israeli4 provides other references and an introduction to the subject. The idea of polynomial subtraction for the purpose of satisfying non-periodic boundary constraints was introduced by Lanczos5 and later developed by Gottlieb and Orszag.6 In one-dimensional mode1 problems the well known Gibbs phenomenon that appears at the boundaries when such methods are used with non-periodic boundary conditions has been shown to be suppressed by the use of simple polynomials.'* * In Reference 8 the accuracy of the reduction-to-periodicity method is
Temperature Dependence of the Anisotropy of Turbidity and Elastic Constants of Nematic Liquid Crystal Mixture E7

Abstract The three principal elastic constants, K 11, K 11, and K 33, of the eutectic nematic liquid crystal mixture E7 have been determined as a function of temperature by following changes in the anisotropy of turbidity of a magnetically aligned specimen. The agreement with values of K 22 obtained by a previous capacitance-voltage method is excellent, whereas the values of K 11 and K 33 derived from the absorption coefficients are systematically higher.
Exploiting Parity Computation Latency for On-Chip Crosstalk Reduction

This brief provides an efficient method to address both logic errors and crosstalk-induced delay variations. In particular, the inherent skew resulting from parity generation is exploited to ensure that no two adjacent wires switch in opposite directions simultaneously, thereby reducing worst-case on-chip capacitive coupling. Data and parity-check bits are mapped to link driver registers, which are triggered by alternating clock phases. The proposed method reduces worst-case link delay by 25% for a 5 mm link, as compared to a conventional skewed transition approach. Compared with other solutions that simultaneously handle logic and delay errors, the proposed method reduces delay uncertainty by up to 24%, improves residual word error probability by 2.5×, requires fewer wires, and achieves up to 45% and 32% reductions in area and energy consumption, respectively.
Age Identification, Social Identity Gratifications, and Television Viewing.

The relationship between social identity and television viewing gratifications is investigated. Focusing on age group identity, initial evidence for the reliability and validity of an age identity gratifications scale is provided. Among young adults, the scale predicts age identification and television viewing. Young adults’ selection of shows featuring young characters leads to increased age group identification. Findings are discussed in terms of uses and gratifications and social identity theory. Future research directions are outlined.
Inhibition of Marginal Leakage with a Dentin Bonding Agent

Class V cavity preparations were treated in vitro with dentin bonding agents and composite. The teeth were thermally cycled, stained, and scored for marginal leakage, by a silver stain technique. The composite-only control group leaked significantly more than did the dentin-bonding-treated experimental groups. The coating of pre-treated dentinal walls with unfilled bonding resin offered no advantage with this dentin bonding system.
Biolistic transformation of a procaryote, Bacillus megaterium

We present a simple and rapid method for introducing exogenous DNA into a bacterium, Bacillus megaterium, utilizing the recently developed biolistic process. A suspension of B. megaterium was spread onto the surface of nonselective medium. Plasmid pUB110 DNA, which contains a gene that confers kanamycin resistance, was precipitated onto tungsten particles. Using a biolistic propulsion system, the coated particles were accelerated at high velocities into the B. megaterium recipient cells. Selection was done by use of an agar overlay containing 50 micrograms of kanamycin per ml. Antibiotic-resistant transformants were recovered from the medium interface after 72 h of incubation, and the recipient strain was shown to contain the delivered plasmid by agarose gel electrophoresis of isolated plasmid DNA. All strains of B. megaterium tested were successfully transformed by this method, although transformation efficiency varied among strains. Physical variables of the biolistic process and biological variables associated with the target cells were optimized, yielding greater than 10(4) transformants per treated plate. This is the first report of the biolistic transformation of a procaryote.
The Emergence of the Emotional Self: A Developmental Theory

G.H. Mead (1934) offers a set of stages of development which describes how infants transform into mindful and self-reflexive social beings through social interaction. He does not, however, provide any parallel set of stages in the development of emotionality. This paper attempts to extend Mead's model by specifying seven stages in emotional development which are interdependent with Mead's stages of development of mind and self. These stages specify how individuals learn to share emotions with others, and learn to identify and interpret their own and others' emotional selves. Fundamental to this analysis is that self development and emotional development are inextricably linked. A framework is offered for the analysis of emotions that (1) recognizes emotions as processual; (2) notes the hierarchial relations among emotions; and (3) presumes that cognition and emotion are not mutually exclusive. The framework illustrates its utility by answering the question, “How does an infant transform from a being who experiences sensations into a being who experiences emotions?”
Automated external defibrillator use at NCAA Division II and III universities

Objective The placement of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at collegiate sporting venues is a growing trend. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, location and past utilisation of AEDs at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II and III universities. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting NCAA Division II and III universities. Participants Questionnaires were mailed to the head athletic trainer at NCAA Division II and III (N=711) colleges and universities in the fall of 2003. Findings were compared to previously published results at Division I institutions. Main outcome measure Prevalence, location and past utilisation of AEDs. Results Completed surveys were returned by 254 NCAA Division II and III institutions for a 35.7% response rate (254/711). 205 (81%) institutions had at least one AED in the university athletic setting, with a median of 2 AEDs per institution (range 1–9). Athletic training rooms (75%) were the most likely location to place an AED. Twelve cases of AED use for sudden cardiac arrest were reported with 67% (8/12) occurring in older non-students, 16% (2/12) in intercollegiate athletes and 16% (2/12) in students (non-intercollegiate athletes). The AED deployed a shock in eight cases. 8 of 12 (66%) victims were immediately resuscitated, but only 4 survived to hospital discharge (overall survival 33%). None of the intercollegiate athletes or students survived. Conclusions Most NCAA Division II and III institutions that responded to the survey have implemented AEDs in their athletic programs, although they have a lower prevalence of AEDs than previously reported at Division I universities. Although no benefit was demonstrated in a small number of intercollegiate athletes, AEDs were successfully used in older individuals on campus with cardiac arrest.
THE BENEFITS OF COMBINING COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS IN LARGE ENROLLMENT GEOSCIENCE CLASSES

The use of computers and the Internet to convey content to students is popular, but the amount of research relating the effectiveness of the technology to learning the information is relatively spa...
Library Function Selection in Compiling Octave

One way to address the continuing performance problem of high-level domain-specific languages, such as Octave or Matlab, is to compile them to a relatively lower level language for which good compilers are available. As a first step in this direction, specializing the high-level operations in the source, based on operand types, leads to significant gains. However, simple translation of the high-level operations to the underlying libraries can often miss important opportunities to improve performance. This paper presents a global algorithm to select functions from a target library, utilizing the semantics of the operations as well as the platform-specific performance characteristics of the library. Making use of the library properties, the simple and easy-to-implement selection algorithm, is able to achieve as much as three times performance improvement for certain linear algebra kernels, over a straight mapping of operations, which are compiled to the vendor-tuned BLAS.
Diffractive optical elements

Diffractive optical elements that can be used to manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of a wavefront in very complex ways are treated. Optical components whose feature size is larger than one wavelength, about equal to one wavelength, and smaller than one wavelength are considered. The analytical development that describes these elements is outlined. >
Fluorescence quenching of NCO in CH4/O2 and CH4/air premixed low pressure flames

Abstract The fluorescence quenching rate constant for the A state of NCO has been determined for NO doped CH 4 /O 2 and CH 4 /air premixed flames by directly measuring the fluorescence decay times over the pressure range 10–100 Torr. The rate constant k Q P for the NCO A 2 Σ + (000) state in a stoichiometric CH 4 /O 2 flame with NO is 1.03 ± 0.07 μs −1 Torr −1 . The rate constant measured for a similar CH 3 /air flame (0.54 ± 0.05 μs −1 Torr −1 is smaller by a factor of 2. The ratio of NCO quenching rate constants for CH 4 /O 2 compared to CH 4 /air flames is similar to those for other species such as NO. A somewhat larger rate constant (1.31 ± 0.08 μs −1 Torr −1 ) is measured for vibrationally excited levels of the A state of NCO, possibly due to vibrational energy transfer in the excited state.
The C-terminus of S. pombe DDK subunit Dfp1 is required for meiosis-specific transcription and cohesin cleavage

The DDK complex is a conserved kinase complex, consisting of a catalytic subunit, Hsk1 (Cdc7), and its regulatory subunit Dfp1 (Dbf4). This kinase is essential for DNA replication. In this work, we show that dfp1-r35, which truncates the Dfp1 C-terminus zinc finger, causes severe meiotic defects, including reduced spore viability, reduced formation of programmed double strand breaks, altered expression of meiotic genes, and disrupted chromosome segregation. There is a high frequency of dyad formation. Mutants are also defective in the phosphorylation and degradation of the meiotic cohesion, Rec8, resulting in a failure to proceed through the MII division. These defects are more pronounced in a haploid meiosis model than in a normal diploid meiosis. Thus, several critical meiotic functions are linked specifically to the C-terminus of Dfp1, which may target specific substrates for phosphorylation by Hsk1.
The Influence of Social Class and Cultural Variables on Environmental Behaviors: Municipal-Level Evidence From Massachusetts

Previous scholarship pertaining to the social bases of proenvironmental behavior presents an equivocal picture of the influence of social class indicators. In further investigation of this possible association, the author examined municipal-level data in Massachusetts, compiled by various state agencies, exploring whether sociodemographics are associated with recycling rates, hybrid car ownership, and the presence of sustainability advocacy groups. Results indicate that the proportion of college-educated population was significantly associated with recycling and hybrid auto ownership, whereas results for the civic action group presence show population density and political voting were significant but not sociodemographics. The insignificance of economic metrics implies that policy makers and social scientists in this specific case should focus more on cultural factors than financial barriers in encouraging certain behaviors.
Facile Scheme for Fabricating Solid-State Nanostructures Using E-Beam Lithography and Solution Precursors

We demonstrate a facile approach for site-specific fabrication of organic, inorganic, and hybrid solid-state nanostructures through a novel combination of electron-beam lithography (eBL) and spin coating of liquid and sol-gel precursors, termed soft eBL. By using eBL patterned resists as masks in combination with a low cost process such as spin coating, directed growth of nanostructures with controlled dimensions is achieved without the need for the costly and difficult process step of etching ceramics. The highly versatile nature of the scheme is highlighted through the fabrication of nanostructures of a variety of materials such as ferroelectric, optoelectronic, and conducting polymeric materials at different length scales and spatial densities on a multitude of substrates.
Medical Management of Influenza Infection

Antiviral drugs are important in the management of seasonal influenza and critical to pandemic planning. Although several other classes of anti-influenza compounds exist, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are currently the only option in most clinical settings. These drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir, prevent the release of newly replicated influenza virions from infected cells. They are highly effective when used for treatment of seasonal influenza early in the course of infection, or for prevention when given soon after exposure. Treatment strategies for avian influenza infections in humans are still provisional owing to inadequate clinical data. As predicted by molecular studies, resistance to the NA inhibitors is now emerging, although at a level less significant than adamantane resistance. NA inhibitor resistance is a cause for concern if indeed some mutant strains of avian influenza are transmissible and pathogenic. In the near term, appropriate use of the available NA inhibitors will be of major benefit in lessening morbidity and mortality due to influenza infection. Priorities include developing appropriate formulations and guidelines for use of these drugs in children and people infected with avian influenza, study of the mechanisms and clinical significance of drug resistance, and identification of new antiviral therapies that target different points in the viral life cycle in order to limit the effect of emerging drug resistance.
Pupil responses to foveal exchange of monochromatic lights

Temporal exchanges of equiluminant monochromatic lights of different spectral distributions produced a momentary constriction of the pupil in man. This is not a stimulus artifact because exchanges of two lights with identical distributions in the same apparatus produced no response. Responses evoked by rod signals were successfully obviated by presenting the foveal stimulus inside a large rod saturating annulus. The amplitude of the response varied systematically with stimulus wavelength. The exchange of a standard light to either shorter or longer wavelength lights produced a momentary constriction of the pupil; the greater the wavelength difference (between them); the larger the constriction. This ability to respond to exchanges of one spectral distribution for another is not a consequence of chromatic aberration or chromatic differences in magnification. Chromatic exchanges between lights of equal chromatic aberration do not produce identical pupillary response in deuteranopes: The exchange 560 nm→650 nm produced no pupil response, while the 560 nm→498 nm exchange produced a sizable response. Exchange of equally luminant heterochromatic lights evoked a response with 50 ms longer latency than the same amplitude constriction evoked by a step increase in luminance of a homochromatic light. The homochromatic contrast needed to evoke the same constriction as a given equal luminance heterochromatic exchange closely follows the homochromatic contrast which matched the residual flicker in flicker photometry of that same wavelength pair.
Design of ecoregional monitoring in conservation areas of high-latitude ecosystems under contemporary climate change

Land ownership in Alaska includes a mosaic of federally managed units. Within its agency’s context, each unit has its own management strategy, authority, and resources of conservation concern, many of which are migratory animals. Though some units are geographically isolated, many are nevertheless linked by paths of abiotic and biotic flows, such as rivers, air masses, flyways, and terrestrial and aquatic migration routes. Furthermore, individual land units exist within the context of a larger landscape pattern of shifting conditions, requiring managers to understand at larger spatial scales the status and trends in the synchrony and spatial concurrence of species and associated suitable habitats. Results of these changes will determine the ability of Alaska lands to continue to: provide habitat for local and migratory species; absorb species whose ranges are shifting northward; and experience mitigation or exacerbation of climate change through positive and negative atmospheric feedbacks. We discuss the geographic and statutory contexts that influence development of ecological monitoring; argue for the inclusion of significant amounts of broad-scale monitoring; discuss the importance of defining clear programmatic and monitoring objectives; and draw from lessons learned from existing long-term, broad-scale monitoring programs to apply to the specific contexts relevant to high-latitude protected areas such as those in Alaska. Such areas are distinguished by their: marked seasonality; relatively large magnitudes of contemporary change in climatic parameters; and relative inaccessibility due to broad spatial extent, very low (or zero) road density, and steep and glaciated areas. For ecological monitoring to effectively support management decisions in high-latitude areas such as Alaska, a monitoring program ideally would be structured to address the actual spatial and temporal scales of relevant processes, rather than the artificial boundaries of individual land-management units. Heuristic models provide a means by which to integrate understanding of ecosystem structure, composition, and function, in the midst of numerous ecosystem drivers. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
X-Ray Powder Data for an Industrial Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3)

X-ray powder data for a maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) used for computer hard disks is reported. This maghemite is cubic with space group P4132.
Adam Smith’s Mixed Prudence and the Economy of the Public Sphere:

Jurgen Habermas argues that Adam Smith believed that men used a calculative form of reason in the economic realm. Yet it was not calculative reason, but a variety of forms of prudence that animated Smith’s economic system. The individual exercise of prudence motivated mankind to labor, the collective exercise of prudence, expressed as supply and demand, disciplined mankind to labor where the disposition was lacking, and the combination of the individual and collective exercise of prudence allowed Smith’s economic system to establish the norm of a just price. The pervasive importance of prudence in Smithian thought implies that the economy of the public sphere should be aligned with a latter-day form of traditional prudence rather than with systematized and calculative rationality. This re-conception implies that Habermas’ democratic theory should be revised to consider free-market economic activity – and especially the process of price formation – one of those autonomous activities that comprise civil soc...
Self-Management of Heart Disease in Older Adults

The American Heart Association estimates that 81% of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 years old or older. The leading risk health behaviors include physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking, and binge drinking. Using the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), this study looked at how self-management, which includes a plan developed by a medical professional and the confidence to manage one's disease, may decrease negative risk behaviors in older adults. The presence of a plan and increased self-efficacy decreased engagement in negative dietary behaviors and low physical activity. Implications for strategies that address heart disease and self-management are discussed.