cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STYLISH HARD BODIES: BRANDED MASCULINITY IN MEN'S HEALTH MAGAZINE

This article examines a postmodern construct of mascu- linity in which male identity is based on consumption, a traditional role for women, rather than production. Data for this qualitative content analysis were drawn from a sample of Men's Health magazine. Analysis of the front covers, stories and features, an advice column, and advertisements reveals a construct that I identify as "branded masculinity." Branded masculinity is rooted in consumer capitalism wherein corporate profit can be enhanced by generating insecurity about one's body and one's consumer choices and then offering a solution through a particular corporate brand. The form of branded masculinity found in Men's Health constructs muscles combined with a fashion sense and the appearance of financial success as the neces- sary characteristics for a real man today. Hair is important. Which shampoo will I use today? Maybe PsycoPath ® the sports shampoo with salon-grade micro protein packed in a manly black injection-molded plastic motor-oil canister. Your hair is you—your tribe—it's your badge of clean. Hair is your document. What's on top of your head says what's inside your head. —Tyler, in Douglas Coupland, Shampoo Planet In Douglas Coupland's Generation X novel, Shampoo Planet (1992), Tyler, the twenty-two-year-old protagonist, is continually concerned with choosing the right hair care products. Searching for his identity revolves not around a job, which Tyler lacks, but around appearance. Self-doubt and fear of not finding a place in the new world economy, rather than any narcissistic impulse, induces Tyler into excessive concern about grooming. From a sociological perspective, Tyler illus- trates that the hegemonic masculinity of his father's or grandfather's day is mu- tating under the stresses of a new social structure in which consumption is more important than production. Masculinity itself is constructed as a product avail- able for consumption if one merely chooses the appropriate brand names. The
BRCA1 and FOXA1 proteins coregulate the expression of the cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1

BRCA1 and FOXA1 proteins coregulate the expression of the cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1
Optical Magnetic Mirrors using All Dielectric Metasurfaces

We experimentally demonstrate the magnetic mirror behavior of all-dielectric metasurfaces at optical frequencies through phase measurements using time-domain-spectroscopy. The unique boundary conditions of magnetic mirrors can lead to advances in sensors, photodetectors and light sources.
Optimal trigonometric robot joint trajectories

Interpolation of a robot joint trajectory is realized using trigonometric splines. This original application has several advantages over existing methods (e.g. those using algebraic splines). For example, the computational expense is lower, more constraints can be imposed on the trajectory, obstacle avoidance can be implemented in real time, and smoother trajectories are obtained. Some of the spline parameters can be chosen to minimize an objective function (e.g. minimum jerk or minimum energy). If jerk is minimized, the optimization has a closed form solution. This paper introduces a trajectory interpolation algorithm, discusses a method for path optimization, and includes examples.
Damping and Synchronizing Torques of Power Selsyns

SELSYN systems are used very widely as power drives and as indicators when it is necessary to have the position of an element correspond synchronously with that of a controlling element which is remotely located. The receiver Selsyn is used either directly as the output driving motor or as an input to a following power-amplifying stage of a control system.∗ In the study of such Selsyn systems and of the control systems of which Selsyn systems form one of the links, it becomes necessary to determine the hunting-torque characteristics of these machines (that is, the damping and synchronizing torques for small oscillations) as affected by speed, load, oscillation frequency, and, of course, the various design factors. The direct calculation of these hunting-torque characteristics is difficult, but within the past few years methods have been developed whereby the machine performance may be represented by equivalent static electric circuits. The purposes of this paper are: 1. To show how these hunting-torque characteristics can be simply determined by measurements on equivalent electric circuits set up on an a-c network analyzer. 2. To present some of the results of studies made of specific Selsyn systems.
Interference of Injected Tetra-n-Propyl-ammonium Bromide with Outward Sodium Ion Current in Squid Giant Axons

IT was demonstrated recently1 that tetraethylammonium (TEA+) chloride affects the potassium permeability of a squid giant axon in a very interesting way. After TEA+ is injected into the axon to an axoplasmic concentration of about 40 mM, membrane resistance to outward K+ current is unusually high, while resistance to inward current remains about normal; that is, after injection the K+ permeable membrane has the property of “anomalous rectification”. This was interpreted to mean that TEA+ ions enter the membrane from the axoplasm and stop up the K+ channels unless the channels are swept clear of TEA+ by inrushing K+ ions. While testing other quaternary ammonium salts for this property, it was found that tetra-n-propylammonium (Tn-PA+) bromide affected in this way not only the K+ current but also the Na+ current.
Submerged growth of cells of higher plants

The submerged propagation of plant tissue and cell cultures has now reached the stage where mass amounts of material can be produced. In discussing these advances, various aspects of the technology involved are discussed: the methods of isolation and establishment of cultures, the media used for culture and their effects on growth, the systems used for growth and a comparison of their effectiveness. Biochemical differences are shown between cultures grown under in vitro conditions and the organ from which they were derived. These differences are found among amino acids, organic acids, nucleic acids, and sugars. The potential use of the tissue culture approach for the study of the biosynthesis of ‘secondary compounds’ such as alkaloids and steroids is discussed.
Dynamic stability of one-dimensional nonlinearly viscoelastic bodies

Abstract : Systems of partial differential equations governing the motion of one-dimensional bodies subject to internal friction are treated. The implicit function theorem is used to linearize the equations about an equilibrium solution, and criteria are developed for the stability of the equilibrium solution. (Author)
Control of vertex geometry, structure dimensionality, functionality, and pore metrics in the reticular synthesis of crystalline metal-organic frameworks and polyhedra.

Metal−organic polyhedra and frameworks (MOPs and MOFs) were prepared by linking square units M2(CO2)4 (M = Cu and Zn) with a variety of organic linkers designed to control the dimensionality (periodicity) and topology of the resulting structures. We describe the preparation, characterization, and crystal structures of 5 new MOPs and 11 new MOFs (termed MOP-14, -15, -17, -23, -24 and MOF-114, -115, -116, -117, -118, -119, -222, -601, -602, -603, -604) and show how their structures are related to the shape and functionality of the building blocks. The gas uptake behaviors of MOP-23 and MOF-601 to -603 are also presented as evidence that these structures have permanent porosity and rigid architectures.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for topotecan in mice

Topotecan is a chemotherapeutic agent of choice for the second-line treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. In this article, we have developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to characterize and predict topotecan concentrations in mouse plasma and tissues. Single intravenous (IV) doses (5, 10 and 30 mg/kg) of topotecan were administered to male Swiss Webster mice, with plasma and tissue samples collected over 24 h, and with sample analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Topotecan disposition in the lungs, heart, muscle, skin, spleen, gut, liver, brain and adipose was described by perfusion rate-limited compartments, whereas the testes and intraperitoneal (IP) fluid were described with permeability rate-limited compartments. The kidneys were modeled as a permeability rate-limited compartment with nonlinear efflux. The model included enterohepatic recycling of topotecan, with re-absorption of drug secreted in the bile and nonlinear bioavailability. Topotecan demonstrated dose-dependent, nonlinear pharmacokinetics and its elimination was described by nonlinear clearance from the liver and a parallel nonlinear and linear clearance from the kidneys. Mean tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients ranged from 0.123 (brain) to 55.3 (kidney). The model adequately characterized topotecan pharmacokinetics in plasma and tissue for all three doses. Additionally, the model provided good prediction of topotecan pharmacokinetics from several external data sets, including prediction of topotecan tissue pharmacokinetics following administration of 1 or 20 mg/kg IV, and prediction of plasma pharmacokinetics following doses of 1, 1.25, 15, 20 and 80 mg/kg IV and 20 mg/kg IP.
Tinbergen's four questions, organized: a response to Bateson and Laland.

‘What people think of as the moment of discovery is really the discovery of the question’, according to a comment attributed to Jonas Salk. For biology, that moment came in 1963 when Niko Tinbergen published an essay describing Four Questions that need to be answered to explain fully a biological trait. Aristotle offered similar categories, Huxley described three of them in modern terms, and Ernst Mayr paved the way with his distinction between proximate and ultimate (evolutionary) explanations [1,2], but Tinbergen's Four Questions have proved most valuable for biology.
SU-FF-T-78: High Dose Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy (HDRIB) for Localized Breast Cancer: New Plan Evaluation Criteria

Purpose: To present our technique for HDRIB for treatment of localized breast cancer using a custom made template. The plan evaluation criteria, in correlation with clinical outcome are also discussed. Materials and Method: We have developed a breast implant template and successfully used in over 200 patients. The template has been modified successively in order to yield better clinical results. The holes were drilled at locations such that the neighboring holes formed a triangle with base and row separated at 1 cm apart. The catheters were implanted under ABBY mammographyimage guidance in order to cover the surgical clips, with margin. Planning CTimages were taken at 3 mm slice thickness. Using Plato brachytherapy software the catheters were reconstructed and plan was developed using graphical optimization tool. The criteria that we have been using for plan evaluation, based upon our clinical tolerance for least toxicity, was to use 1.5× Dref (510 cGy) to receive ⩽30% of PTV and 2× Dref (680 cGy) to receive ⩽ 10% of PTV. The PTV was designed to cover 95 to 100% reference dose.Result: Using the new template we have treated 105 patients. The PTV for these patients varied from 24 to 245 cc with median value of 99. The criteria ♯1 followed a % PTV volume in the range of 18 to 31 with a median value of 24, well within the limit. The criteria ♯2 followed a % PTV volume in the range of 16 to 31 at a median value of 24%, also within limit. Conclusion: Using the above criteria, there were no adverse complications such as fat necrosis or skin scarring. The patients have tolerated the treatment very well
Characterization of the Exponential Distribution Using Lower Moments of Order Statistics

Several characterizations of the exponential distribution in terms of the variances and the covariances of order statistics in a random sample of size n (n ≥ 2) are made. Analogous characterizations hold for the positive exponential distribution.
Canonical correlation analysis of online video advertising viewing motivations and access characteristics

This study investigates consumers’ motivations for watching online video ads and the relationship between the motivations and access characteristics of viewers. Uses and gratifications and characteristics of consumers’ exposure to online video ads were reviewed for this study. First, findings of exploratory factor analysis revealed five different motivations for viewing online video ads – social interaction, relaxation, information, escapism-pass time, and entertainment. Second, canonical correlation analysis revealed that the desire to fulfill viewing motivations is positively correlated with frequencies to actively access websites and frequencies to visit different types of websites. Implications and future research are discussed.
Environmental Stress Reduces Pollen Quality in Phlox: Compounding the Fitness Deficit

Reproductive success of hermaphroditic plants is determined by both the quantity and quality of the gametes and offspring produced, and both genetic and environmental factors may affect this success. Most estimates of success are quantitative measures based solely on female function, and this bias continues when environmental effects are considered. In this chapter, I present data concerning the impact of the environment on the quality of the male function, and discuss the impact of environment on relative plant fitness when both male and female functions are considered.
Design, Implementation, and Verification of a CMOS-Integrated Chemical Sensor System

Single-chip chemical microinstruments offer many benefits over bench-top laboratory equipment. This work presents the design, implementation, and verification of a CMOS-integrated microinstrument including voltammetric sensors and electronic interface on a single silicon substrate. Both component and system design parameters are detailed. Mixed-domain models of the system which can be simulated in a standard CAD environment are generated and used for system optimization. The integrated device was implemented by post-processing sensor structures on top of AMIS-fabricated, 0.5 µm CMOS electronics. Fabrication details are discussed and experimental device characteristics including functionality and lifetime testing are presented. The completed device has an active area of 0.6mm² with sensors sites measuring 64 µm². It operates from a 3V supply and consumes 1.6mW
Tiger moth responses to a simulated bat attack: timing and duty cycle

Many night-flying insects perform complex, aerobatic escape maneuvers when echolocating bats initiate attack. Tiger moths couple this kinematic defense with an acoustic reply to a bat's biosonar-guided assault. The jamming hypothesis for the function of these moth sounds assumes that tiger moth clicks presented at high densities, temporally locked to the terminal phase of the bat attack will produce the greatest jamming efficacy. Concomitantly, this hypothesis argues that moths warning bats of bad tasting chemicals sequestered in their tissues should call early to give the bat time to process the meaning of the warning signal and that moths calling at low duty cycles are more likely to employ such an aposematic strategy. We report here the first investigation of a tiger moth assemblage's response to playback of a bat echolocation attack sequence. This assemblage of arctiid moths first answered the echolocation attack sequence 960±547 ms (mean ± s.d.) from the end of the bat attack. The assemblage reached a half-maximum response shortly after the first response, at 763±479 ms from the end of the terminal buzz. Tiger moth response reached a maximum at 475±344 ms from the end of the sequence; during the approach phase, well before the onset of the terminal buzz. In short, much of tiger moth response to bat attack occurs outside of the jamming hypotheses' predictions. Furthermore, no relationship exists between the duty cycle of a tiger moth's call (and thus the call's probability of jamming the bat) and its temporal response to bat attack. These data call into doubt the assumptions behind the jamming hypothesis as currently stated but do not directly test the functionality of arctiid sounds in disrupting echolocation in bat-moth aerial battles.
Deconstructing Racial Differences: The Effects of Quality of Education and Cerebrovascular Risk Factors

Objectives. To evaluate the effects of vascular conditions and education quality on cognition over time in White and African American (AA) older adults. Method. We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal racial differences in executive functioning (EF) and mem ory composites among Whites ( n = 461) and AAs ( n = 118) enrolled in a cohort study. We examined whether cerebrovas cular risk factors and Shipley Vocabulary scores (a proxy for education quality) accounted for racial differences. Results. On average, AAs had lower quality of education and more cerebrovascular risk factors including hyperten sion, diabetes, and obesity. AAs had lower mean EF and memory at baseline, but there were no group differences in rates of decline. Cross-sectional racial differences in EF and memory persisted after controlling for vascular disease, but disappeared when controlling for Shipley Vocabulary. Discussion. Quality of education appears to be more important than cerebrovascular risk factors in explaining crosssectional differences in memory and EF performance between White and AA older adults. Further investigation is needed regarding the relative contribution of education quality and cerebrovascular risk factors to cognitive decline among ethni cally/racially diverse older adults.
Earthworm populations in relation to soil organic matter dynamics and management in California tomato cropping systems

Earthworms are key regulators of soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in many agroecosystems. They are greatly impacted by agricultural management, yet little is known about how these factors interact to control SOM dynamics. This study sought to explore linkages between agricultural management, earthworms and aggregate associated SOM dynamics through a survey of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cropping systems in
New observations from ISEE‐3

On June 30, 1983, the International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 spacecraft (ISEE-3) was at an apogee of 236 earth radii (RE) exploring particle and field phenomena in the earth's distant magnetic tail region. Most of what we know about the earth's magnetotail is based on spacecraft observations made inside of the lunar orbit distance (approximately 60 RE), and a few brief passes of several interplanetary spacecraft through the more distant tail. ISEE-3 is greatly extending the exploration of the geotail by spending a large part of 1983 in the earth's magnetic tail between 60 and 240 RE. There will be a special session at the 1983 AGU Fall Meeting which will focus on the new geotail results. In December, ISEE-3 will make a final lunar swing-by, coming within 100 km of the surface of the moon. This maneuver will propel ISEE-3 out into the solar system, where it will pass through the tail of comet Giacobini-Zinner in early September 1985. Later, in March-April 1986, ISEE-3 will monitor the solar wind conditions near Halley's comet while other spacecraft from around the world get a close-up view. ISEE-3 celebrated the fifth anniversary of its launch on August 12.
Convergence and error analysis of the fixed point RLS algorithm with correlated inputs

The steady state mean square prediction error is derived for the fixed-point RLS (recursive least squares) algorithm, both for the exponentially windowed RLS (forgetting factor, gamma >
Design of large-scale polylingual systems

Building systems from existing applications written in two or more languages is common practice. Such systems are polylingual. Polylingual systems are relatively easy to build when the number of APIs needed to achieve language interoperability is small. However, when the number of distinct APIs become large, maintaining and evolving polylingual systems becomes a notoriously difficult task. In this paper, we present a simple, practical, and effective way to develop, maintain, and evolve large-scale polylingual systems. Our approach relies on recursive type systems whose instances can be manipulated by reflection. Foreign objects (i.e. objects that are not defined in a host programming language) are abstracted as graphs and path expressions are used for accessing and manipulating data. Path expressions are implemented by type reification - turning foreign type instances into first-class objects and enabling access to and manipulation of them in a host programming language. Doing this results in multiple benefits, including coding simplicity and uniformity that we demonstrate in a complex commercial project.
Effect of Products of Typhoid Bacilli upon the Tuberculin Reaction

ConclusionsThe intravascular injection of a filtrate from the culture of typhoid ljacilli protluces hemorrhagic necrosis in tuberculous guinea pigs at the site of positive tuberculin reactions.
Development of Compact Electrodynamic Zero-Net Mass-Flux Actuators

This work presents the systematic modeling, design and fabrication of compact electrodynamic zero-net mass-flux (ZNMF) actuators for flow control applications. The electrodynamic actuation scheme employs a small magnetic assembly and composite diaphragm with a rigid center boss and compliant outer annular region. The magnetic assembly is modeled using a 1-D magnetic circuit approach to predict the magnetic field acting on the driver coils. The composite diaphragm is modeled as a transversely isotropic, clamped plate. An overall system model is obtained by combining previously developed lumped models of the cavity/orifice structures with lumped models for the composite diaphragm and electrodynamic actuation. The complete lumped element model is then used to derive insights regarding performance characteristics and limitations. The model is validated with experimental results for three different actuator configurations. Velocities greater than 35 m/s are achieved over a frequency range 50 Hz – 200 Hz using a 30 mm diameter, 50 cm 3 total volume, 80 g actuator. I. Introduction
Very bright orange fluorescent plants: endoplasmic reticulum targeting of orange fluorescent proteins as visual reporters in transgenic plants

The expression of fluorescent protein (FP) genes as real-time visual markers, both transiently and stably, has revolutionized plant biotechnology. A palette of colors of FPs is now available for use, but the diversity has generally been underutilized in plant biotechnology. Because of the green and far-red autofluorescent properties of many plant tissues and the FPs themselves, red and orange FPs (RFPs, and OFPs, respectfully) appear to be the colors with maximum utility in plant biotechnology. Within the color palette OFPs have emerged as the brightest FP markers in the visible spectra. This study compares several native, near-native and modified OFPs for their “brightness” and fluorescence, therefore, their usability as marker genes in transgenic plant tissues. The OFPs DsRed2, tdTomato, mOrange and pporRFP were all expressed under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in agroinfiltration-mediated transient assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. Each of these, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted versions, were stably expressed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Congruent results were observed between transient and stable assays. Our results demonstrated that there are several adequate OFP genes available for plant transformation, including the new pporRFP, an unaltered tetramer from the hard coral Porites porites. When the tandem dimer tdTomato and the monomeric mOrange were targeted to the ER, dramatic, ca. 3-fold, increase in plant fluorescence was observed. From our empirical data, and a search of the literature, it appears that tdTomato-ER and mOrange-ER are the two highest fluorescing FPs available as reporters for transgenic plants. The pporRFP is a brightly fluorescing tetramer, but all tetramer FPs are far less bright than the ER-targeted monomers we report here.
A scanning window scheme based on SVM training error rate for unsupervised audio segmentation

Audio segmentation has applications in a variety of contexts, such as automatic broadcast news transcription, audio information retrieval, and as a pre-processing step in automatic speech recognition (ASR). The Support vector machine (SVM), as a binary classifier, is commonly used for supervised audio signal segmentation and classification. In this study, inspired by the idea of scanning window, we present and evaluate an unsupervised audio segmentation approach based on the SVM training error rate. The approach is unsupervised in the sense that it does not require prior knowledge of audio classes. Experimental results indicate that the segmentation technique outperforms traditional Bayesian information criterion (BIC), generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), and Gaussian mixture models (GMM) methods, particularly in detecting audio landmarks of short duration.
Discriminability in Multidimensional Performance Evaluations.

A series of behavioral expectation scale (BES) applications were analyzed in an attempt to point out an appropriate number of dimensions to be in cluded in such studies. Data from 4 independent samples, representing 3 different occupations, and incorporating a total of 436 multidimensional evaluations were subjected to factor analysis. Re sults reflected the lack of unique information con tributed when the number of dimensions exceeds 9. The problem of lack of dimension independence was discussed in terms of theory and application to multidimensional performance evaluation. Sug gestions are advanced for limiting the number of dimensions as a potential solution to information redundancy.
Hedonic analysis of auctioned hunting leases: a case study of Mississippi Sixteenth Section Lands.

This analysis evaluates factors affecting the value of hunting leases on Sixteenth Section Lands in Mississippi using hedonic analysis. These lands are owned by the state and hunting rights are auctioned to the public. Because these market data are generated in a competitive setting, this analysis has certain advantages over previous investigations of hunting lease markets, which relied on surveys of non-industrial private landowners to elicit information about their hunting leases or contingent valuation methods to infer lease values from landowners or hunters. Due to the competitive nature of the issuance of Sixteenth Section leases, their prices better reflect the full impact of lease characteristics such as cover type, game quality, distance to urban areas, and location on hunter valuation of hunting access. Estimates of the implicit prices of these characteristics suggest that land managers should adopt shorter lease lengths, smaller lease sizes, and improve habitat to increase lease revenue.
Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Its Dissipation Rate in the Equatorial Mixed Layer

Abstract The authors apply a one-dimensional mixed layer model, based on second moment closure of turbulence, to study the characteristics of turbulence in the equatorial mixed layer. In particular, they focus on characteristics such as the TKE and the dissipation rate in the upper layers of the equatorial ocean, especially the phenomenon of deep episodic penetration well below the mixed layer of elevated dissipation rates commonly observed in microstructure measurements in the central tropical Pacific. Model simulations for the Tropic Heat experiments in 1984 and 1987 and Tropical Instability Wave Experiment in the central Pacific as well as the Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) Intensive Operating Period (IOP) observations in the western Pacific warm pool are performed. Modeled dissipation rates are found to be in reasonable agreement with those measured by microstructure profilers during these observations. Sensitivity studies are carried out to...
Effects of Feeding on Body Temperatures of Rattlesnakes: A Field Experiment

I used temperature-sensing radiotransmitters to investigate the effect of feeding on body temperatures of rattlesnakes in the Sonoran Desert. Six snakes were fed meals (rodents) averaging 34% of their body mass. Snake locations and body temperatures were monitored before and after feeding in midautumn. Body temperatures of snakes that had eaten were compared with the body temperatures of unfed controls and with environmental temperatures. Rattlesnakes exhibited preferences for elevated body temperatures following feeding, but the degree, timing, and duration of this response varied considerably. At this time of year, body temperatures of fed snakes were significantly higher than those of unfed controls only between 1200 and 1600 hours. The postfeeding thermophilic responses of snakes were restricted by thermal limitations in the snakes' environment and by reclusive behaviors following feeding. The elevated body temperatures selected by snakes after feeding were similar to those maintained during activity.
Genetic Causes of Autism and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Autism is a behaviorally defined syndrome for which many etiologies have been identified, including specific viral and metabolic causes. New evidence confirms that genetic abnormalities cause the disorder in a subgroup of autistic individuals, encouraging further research to differentiate specific genetic etiological mechanisms.
Reconciling explanations for the evolution of evolvability

Evolution's ability to find innovative phenotypes is an important ingredient in the emergence of complexity in nature. A key factor in this capability is evolvability, or the propensity towards phenotypic variation. Numerous explanations for the origins of evolvability have been proposed, often differing in the role that they attribute to adaptive processes. To provide a new perspective on these explanations, experiments in this paper simulate evolution in gene regulatory networks, revealing that the type of evolvability in question significantly impacts the dynamics that follow. In particular, while adaptive processes result in evolvable individuals, processes that are either neutral or that explicitly encourage divergence result in evolvable populations. Furthermore, evolvability at the population level proves the most critical factor in the production of evolutionary innovations, suggesting that nonadaptive mechanisms are the most promising avenue for investigating and understanding evolvability. These results reconcile a large body of work across biology and inform attempts to reproduce evolvability in artificial settings.
Stability of nitroglycerin in intravenous admixtures

The stability of nitroglycerin in intravenous admixtures was studied. Admixtures containing nitroglycerin 400 micrograms/ml and each of seven injectable drugs in concentrations used clinically were prepared in triplicate in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injections. Admixtures were stored in glass bottles at room temperature for 24 hours in the upright position and then for 24 hours in the inverted position to ensure contact of the solution with the rubber stopper of the container. At 0, 24, and 48 hours, samples of each admixture were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography for nitroglycerin concentration. The pH of one randomly chosen bottle of each admixture was measured at 0, 24, and 48 hours. A significant loss of nitroglycerin potency at 48 hours was observed only in admixtures containing phenytoin; in these solutions, a 9% decrease in initial nitroglycerin concentration was noted. Phenytoin crystallization was present in all phenytoin admixtures by 24 hours. Compared with initial values, no significant differences in the pH values of any admixture samples assayed at 24 and 48 hours were noted; however, admixtures containing phenytoin had the most alkaline pH values. Under the conditions studied, nitroglycerin concentrations remained above 90% of their initial values for 48 hours in all tested admixtures; however, phenytoin crystallization limits the stability of phenytoin admixtures.
FOREST HISTORY AND MEADOW INVASION AT THE RIGDON MEADOWS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, WESTERN CASCADES, OREGON

Combining stand structure and fire-scar data with historical records, aerial photographs, and soil descriptions, the forest history of the Rigdon Meadows Archaeological Site in the western Cascades of Oregon is reconstructed. Results indicate that forest composition and meadow persistence are determined primarily by disturbance, soil properties, and topography. Before the arrival of Europeans, south-facing slopes and seasonally saturated sites near the meadow were dominated by an open, fire-maintained, ponderosa pine forest with scattered Douglas-fir. Mesic sites were dominated by Douglas-fir intermixed with incense-cedar and ponderosa pine. Dramatic changes in forest structure beginning in the mid-1800s resulted from fire, fire exclusion, grazing, road building, clearing, and selective logging. Currently, Douglas-fir and incense-cedar co-dominate all but the wettest forest sites surrounding the meadow. Seasonally saturated sites are occupied by ponderosa pine and include those areas experiencing rapid tr...
Re-evaluation of the ages of 40Ar/39Ar sanidine standards and supereruptions in the western U.S. using a Noblesse multi-collector mass spectrometer

Abstract The rewards from resolving the tempo of magmatic, paleobiologic, paleoclimatic, and tectonic processes at better than the per mil level of precision have spurred a quest within the geochronology community to improve the precision, accuracy, and calibration of several chronometers, including the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar variant of the K-Ar clock. A new generation of multi-collector mass spectrometers for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology provides the means to address these issues, as well as to evaluate the ages of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar standards and key marker horizons deposited by large volume, caldera-forming supereruptions in the western U.S. at unprecedented temporal resolution. We highlight the utility of a 5-collector Noblesse mass spectrometer that has a sufficiently high mass resolving power to distinguish 36 Ar + H 35 Cl from a 36 Ar + H 35 Cl + 12 C 3 sum peak at m/e 36, maintains a remarkably low and stable background, and thus yields 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dates of exceptionally high precision. We have calibrated a reference gas and developed a simple analytical routine involving one peak hop, both of which are used to evaluate detector-bias correction factors. Because the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar chronometer is a relative dating technique that relies on calibration against mineral standards of known age, precise and accurate determination of the ages of these standards, and verification of isotopic composition and homogeneity, is essential. We present results from both total fusion and incremental heating experiments on single crystals of the widely used Alder Creek (ACs) and Fish Canyon (FCs) sanidine standards. Several recent, independent, measurements of ACs using multi-collector mass spectrometers, including those presented herein, favor an age of 1.1864 ± 0.0003/0.0012 Ma (95% confidence analytical/full external uncertainty), that is > 1% younger than the widely used value obtained by Nomade et al. (2005) using a single collector mass spectrometer. Incremental-heating experiments on single crystals of FCs most commonly do not yield plateau ages, instead many crystals appear to be affected by Ar loss or excess Ar. Our findings, obtained using ion counters, independently confirm those recently obtained using a multiple-Faraday detectors or a combination of Faraday and ion counting detectors. Thus, careful consideration must be given to using FCs in future high-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar calibrations of the geologic timescale. Notwithstanding, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of sanidine using the 5- collector Noblesse can now provide leverage critical to interpreting the large range of U–Pb zircon dates commonly found in rhyolitic lavas and tuffs.
New Concepts in the Imaging of Pediatric Brain Tumors: The Revival of Age-old Real Estate Principles

Tumor location and age of the patient are important diagnostic imaging clues in neurooncology. Recently, the value of tumor location analysis has gained significance because of improvements in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental origins and genetic as well as epigenetic features of CNS tumors, especially in children. This knowledge has contributed to the development of the concept of “imaging genomics,” which is based on the recognition that imaging has the potential to translate and validate some of the already existing hypotheses from basic research to the clinical practice and propose others based on large-scale in vivo human observational studies. Interestingly, the old real estate principles, “location, location and location” (of tumors) and “age” (of the patient) are now central elements of many of the new concepts and increasingly reconceptualize the diagnostic imaging approaches to these diseases. This paper reviews some of the groundbreaking basic neurobiology discoveries about medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and high-grade gliomas and their implications on the pediatric neuroradiologist’s approach to these diseases in the clinical setting.
Effect of anesthesia on cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in neonates with critical congenital heart disease

We quantified the effect of anesthesia on cerebral oxygen saturation and blood flow in infants with congenital heart disease. We find that both ScO2 and CBF decrease after induction of anesthesia independent of cardiac diagnosis.
Excreta Disposal,Agricultural Use of Night Soil,and the Pandemic of Schistosomiasis in the Yangtze River Valley: 1905～1949

During the first half of the 20th century,schistosomiasis was widespread in the Yangtze River Valley.Ethnographic works and annals of local history indicate that fecal pollution played an important role in causing and intensifying the pandemic.Commodes for excreta disposal and the agricultural use of night soil were two fine Chinese folk practices,which,if utilized appropriately,were both sanitary and practical,changing waste materials into things of value and helping to conserve water and soil and protect the environment in the long term.However,human excreta are also the sources of some 30 infectious and parasitic diseases,including schistosomiasis.Despite that,as the society lacked a modern consciousness of sanitation and controlling mechanisms at the time,the disposal and agricultural use of night soil were largely left in the hands of the handlers and farmers.As a result,schistosome eggs constantly found loopholes to enter water networks via excreta.Looking into specific patterns and the severity of fecal pollution in urban and rural settings,this article explores the cultural etiology of schistosomiasis.
Comorbidity between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: Prevalence, explanatory theories, and clinical impact

Abstract Background The relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been controversial and widely debated. Specifically, the comorbidity between both disorders has yielded a plethora of research, but there are no comprehensive reviews on this issue. Objective To determine the empirical evidence regarding the comorbidity between BD and BPD based on prevalence data, explanatory theories for their co-occurrence, and clinical impact of one disorder in the other. Method A comprehensive search of databases (PubMed and PsycINFO) was performed. Published manuscripts between January 1985 and August 2015 were identified. Overall, 70 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Results Over a fifth of subjects showed comorbidity between BPD and BD. Empirical evidence from common underlying factors was inconclusive, but BPD appears to be a risk factor for BD. Data also indicated that the negative impact of BPD in BD (e.g., suicidality, worse mood course) was greater than vice verse. Conclusions Given the high prevalence of comorbidity between BD and BPD and the negative effects of BPD in subjects with BD, further studies are needed to clarify the factor associated with the comorbidity between these two disorders. This information is important to develop appropriate treatments for subjects with both disorders, improve their clinical course, and prevent the increased risk of suicidality commonly found in these subjects.
Ablative Fractional Laser Resurfacing: A Promising Adjunct to Surgical Reconstruction

ABSTRACT Ablative fractional laser resurfacing (AFLR) is emerging as a safe and effective treatment option for the mitigation of cosmetic and functional deficits resulting from traumatic scars and scar contractures. Military centers of excellence engaged in the multidisciplinary rehabilitation of wounded warriors have been instrumental in the widening acceptance of the technique in both the military and civilian realms. Despite the end of large-scale combat operations, AFLR remains a promising complement to surgical reconstruction and a novel option in challenging clinical situations that defy resolution with traditional methods. Herein, we present the case of a man in his 50s who underwent extensive genital and perineal debridement related to Fournier's gangrene. Despite successful reconstruction including extensive skin grafting, the patient suffered from intractable discomfort related to developing scar contractures that responded rapidly to a course of AFLR. This case serves to highlight the potential...
Function of the polypeptide chain segment connecting the dihydroorotase and aspartate transcarbamylase domains in the mammalian multifunctional CAD

The multifunctional protein CAD catalyzes the first three steps in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells1-3. Glutamine dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase (Gln CPSase), aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) and dihydroorotase (DHOase) activities are carried by a 243 kDa Polypeptide chain that is organized into discrete functional domains connected by interdomain linkers4-6. One of these linkers, the DA linker7 which bridges the ATCase and DHOase domains, is very large, 12 kDa, very hydrophilic and has an unusual amino acid composition, rich in proline, hydroxy amino acids, and positively charged residues. The length but not the sequence of the DA linker is conserved in other multifunctional proteins in this family. We suggested that this linker may function to bring the CPSase and ATCase domains into proximity to allow channeling of carbamyl phosphate7. A deletion mutant of the plasmid pCK-CADIO8 which expresses the fully functional CAD Polypeptide in E. coli, has been constructed which lacks the entire DA linker. While the catalytic activities of the CAD domains were not altered by the removal of the DA linker, the deletion reduced the stability of the complex and effectively eliminated carbamyl phosphate channeling8. It is interesting that one of the two cAMP dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites, identified by Carrey et al.9 is located within the DA linker although its function is not known.
Marissa Mayer: An Analysis of Media Reaction to a Pregnant CEO

Marissa Mayer made headlines when she became only the 20th female CEO of a Fortune 500 firm in 2012 while also the first woman to take such a position while pregnant. Another firestorm of coverage commenced when she returned to work after two weeks of leave following the birth of her baby. The purpose of the current study is to analyze media and public reaction to a pregnant CEO based on the Mayer case. Using qualitative content analysis, coverage and reaction to Mayer’s appointment and pregnancy are used as an inkblot test of current views concerning women’s ability to combine motherhood with work. Our findings illustrate the underrepresentation of women in high profile public positions makes them hyper-visible and consequently their personal choices can be seen as about women in general, not just about themselves. While most pregnant working mothers do not undergo the degree of scrutiny faced by Mayer, our findings demonstrate that the motherhood mandate is alive and operational in current society. Implications of findings for future research and practice are discussed.
Seizures in Offspring of Epileptic Parents

The risks Of unprovoked seizures in the offspring of parents with generalized versus partial epilepsies among 687 patients born in Rochester, MN between 1922 and 1985 and followed for the occurrence of seizures through 1986 are reported from the Division of Epidemiology and Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, and the Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
A common cancer in an uncommon location: A case report of squamous cell carcinoma of the nipple.

Abstract Introduction Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is common however SCC is rarely seen on the nipple, with only ten cases of SCC of the nipple in literature (American Cancer Society, 2015; Scotto et al., 1983; Pendse and O’Connor, 2015; Loveland-Jones et al., 2010; Brookes et al., 2005; Sofos et al., 2013; King and Kremer, 2012; Venkataseshan et al., 1994; Hosaka et al., 2011) [1–9]. Case An 80 year old female presenting with a chief complaint of an abnormal lesion on the medial portion of her right nipple areola complex. A biopsy showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. She had an extensive history of prolonged sun exposure predisposing her to cutaneous SCC however none to the breast region. Her mammogram was negative for any invasive disease so a wide local excision was performed with no complications. Discussion Due to the rarity of SCC of the breast or nipple, a biopsy is necessary to rule out other more common types of malignancies on the nipple that present with a similar physical appearance. We then examined the many different risk factors for SCC and the different methods for treating SCC whether it is cutaneous or of the nipple or breast. We also discussed the treatment of Paget’s disease of the breast (PDB) as SCC of the nipple or breast can be mistaken for PDB. Conclusion The cases of SCC of the Nipple demonstrate the importance of recognizing changes of the skin even in locations not typically associated with SCC (American Cancer Society, 2015; Scotto et al., 1983; Pendse and O’Connor, 2015; Loveland-Jones et al., 2010; Brookes et al., 2005; Sofos et al., 2013; King and Kremer, 2012; Venkataseshan et al., 1994; Hosaka et al., 2011) [1–9]. We concluded with a future suggestion of investigating possible risk factors specific to SCC of the breast or nipple.