cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metastatic lung carcinoma presenting as intussusception of the ascending colon

Introduction: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and an estimated 50% of cases are associated with metastasis at the time of diagnosis. We present the case of a 45-year-old female smoker with a history of right upper lobectomy with radiation for lung adenocarcinoma who, nine months later, presented with abdominal pain and was found to have an isolated metastatic lesion to the cecum causing intussusception. Case description: A 45-year-old woman presented with a two-day history of abdominal pain, melena, fever, and chills. A diagnostic workup revealed a mass in the cecum and a colocolic intussusception. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy and was discharged following a slow recovery. Microscopic examination of the lesion revealed an adenocarcinoma histologically identical to the primary lung tumor. Further workup failed to uncover any further evidence of disease. The patient continues to be well after 23 years of clinical follow-up. Discussion: Metastasis to the colon is a rare event but represents advanced disease and the prognosis is poor. Symptomatic involvement of the colon has only been reported in fourteen previous cases. Conclusions: Although uncommon, metastatic disease from lung to colon should be considered in patients with lung and large bowel masses diagnosed within a relatively short time course. More likely are synchronous primaries or colon metastasis to the lung, but an accurate diagnosis is critical. Lung metastasis to the bowel portends a poor prognosis, but isolated metastatic disease can be surgically resected for cure as demonstrated in our case.
Immobilized Growth Factor and peptide on indium tin oxide (ITO) scaffold for long-term hepatocyte culture towards developing a hepatotoxicity bioreactor

The overarching goal of this work is to design and develop organic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based cell culture platforms (SCCPs) to provide an appropriate microenvironment that promotes cell attachment, growth and functionality with the ultimate goal of developing cell-based bioreactors for rapid drug toxicity screening. We describe proliferation of a model cell line, HepG2, and primary rat hepatocytes for culture periods up to 3 days, on a model peptide, Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP), and a Growth Factor, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), that is covalently coupled to the amine end group of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) on conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The scaffolds were characterized using contact angle and surface-IR techniques. The cells, HepG2 or primary hepatocytes, were cultured on GRP- and EGF-immobilized scaffolds for 24, 48, and 72 hrs. MTT (3-methyltetrazoliumbromide) cell proliferation and Lactose Dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assays were performed on HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes cultures on peptide and growth factor modified scaffolds to evaluate cellular heath and toxicity. Cell proliferation analysis indicated that the HepG2 cells cultured on EGF- and GRP-immobilized substrates showed increased cell viability with time from 24 to 72 hours. The LDH production after 48 hours was reduced in cells cultured on GRP and EGF immobilized surfaces in comparison to the cells cultured on ITO and ITO-APTES substrates. The results overall showed that cell viability increased and cytotoxicity decreased for both HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes cultured on GRP- and EGF-modified scaffolds. Furthermore, the increase of cell viability with reduced cytotoxicity is extended to 72 hrs with good biocompatibility.
The Lived Experience of Doubling: Simone de Beauvoir’s Phenomenology of Old Age

This essay demonstrates that Beauvoir ‘s La vieillesse is a phenomenological study of old age indebted to Husserl’s phenomenology of the body. Beauvoir’s depiction of the doubling in the lived experience of the elderly—a division between outsiders’ awareness of the elderly’s decline and the elderly’s own inner understanding of old age—serves as a specific illustration of Beauvoir ‘s particular method of description and analysis.
Solution-Focused Trauma-Informed Care (SF-TIC): An Integration of Models

Trauma-informed care is a rapidly emerging approach in child welfare and is significantly aligned with the core tenets and techniques of solution-focused practice. The integration of solution-focus...
Quantitative easing auctions of Treasury bonds

Abstract The Federal Reserve uses (reverse) auctions to implement its purchases of Treasury bonds in quantitative easing (QE). To evaluate dealers’ offers across multiple bonds, the Fed relies on its internal yield curve model, fitted to secondary market bond prices. From November 2010 to September 2011, a one standard deviation increase in the cheapness of a Treasury bond (how much the market price of the bond is below a model-implied value) increases the Fed’s purchase quantity of that bond by 276 million and increases the auction costs on that bond by 2.6 cents per $100 par value, controlling for standard covariates. Our results suggest that the Fed harvests gains from trades by purchasing undervalued bonds, but strategic dealers extract some profits because the Fed’s relative values can be partly inferred from price data.
Introduction to Business-to-Business Integration Technology

Integration concepts as such are very important, but without an architectural foundation it would be difficult to understand the behavior that the integration concepts are intended to implement. Therefore, this chapter introduces integration concepts and integration architecture in more detail than initially done in Sects. 1.2.7 or 1.35. Sections 2.2 and 2.3 define these concepts in even more detail. This definition explains the rationale for the choice of the integration concepts. Finally, a brief discussion gives an insight into B2B integration technology deployment aspects that are of interest. Part IV discusses various aspects of deployment in more detail.
Vector Bundles: Ampleness

There are two methods of generalizing to vector bundles the concept of positivity and cohomology vanishing theorems for line bundles. One method, which we discuss in Chapter VI, is the differential-geometric approach of Nakano and Griffiths that directly uses the Kodaira-Nakano identity. In this chapter, we discuss the other method, which is based on the concept of ampleness due to Grothendieck, Grauert, and Hartshorne and yields the vanishing theorem of Le Potier.
Autocrine regulation of corneal endothelium by prostaglandin E2.

PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that prostaglandin E2 is synthesized by rabbit corneal endothelial cells in culture and that PGE2 acts to increase synthesis of adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and to inhibit endothelial migration in response to experimental wounds. The present study was undertaken to identify endogenously produced prostanoids, to evaluate the effect of PGE2 on corneal endothelial cell cycle parameters, to examine PGE2 receptor effector coupling, and to examine the distribution of cyclooxygenase, a key enzyme regulating PGE2 synthesis, in cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells. METHODS Prostaglandin biosynthesis was evaluated by thin layer chromatographic analysis of metabolically labeled arachidonic acid products and by radioimmunoassay of PGE2. Corneal endothelial mitosis was examined by flow cytometric analysis of cycling cells and by direct cell counts. PGE2 receptor-mediated cyclic AMP synthesis was quantified by a protein binding assay, and cyclooxygenase was localized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PGE2 is the major prostanoid produced by rabbit corneal endothelial cells, and its synthesis is enhanced by mitogenic stimulation and is blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis results in a larger percentage of cycling cells and agonists selective for EP2 receptors reverse indomethacin-induced increases in cell density. Inhibition of endogenous PGE2 synthesis also results in upregulation of receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis. Cyclooxygenase is present in confluent endothelial cells and is particularly abundant in subconfluent cultures and in cells migrating to close an experimental wound. CONCLUSION The synthesis of PGE2 is regulated in corneal endothelial cells, and this autocoid acts to inhibit endothelial mitosis and activity of prostaglandin receptors of the EP2 subtype.
Contingent Choice Behavioral Models in the Presence of Information Uncertainty

Recent literature suggests that enhancing the quantity and/or quality of corporate disclosures may influence the non-diversifiable component of information risk for the firm, and hence, have non-trivial valuation implications. We propose a framework that argues a firm’s disclosure level balances the potential cost of capital benefits from selective revelation and the disutility of distress, which in turn is a function of the potential costs of obfuscation. The REIT industry provides an experimentally appropriate backdrop for our position due to its generally heavy reliance on external financing and thus its heightened market exposure to priced information risk. Using three potential measures of the opacity of a REIT’s annual report: the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, the Flesch Reading Ease Score, and the number of words contained in the report, we propose that capital constrained firms, particularly those with growth ambitions, should be uniquely sensitive to the transparency of their corporate disclosures as opacity materially influences the firm’s cost of capital.
Boundary Value Problems for Elliptic Equations

This series of lectures presents a systematic treatment of boundary value problems for elliptic equations - without a priori distinguishing between the coercive problems (also called of the Lopatinski-Shapiro type) and the noncoercive ones. The property we are concerned with here is that of regularity up to the boundary. Now new results will be proved: what is shown is that known results can be “integrated” in a unified approach. Nor is the approach very novel: it is essentially that of transfering the problem to the boundary, where it turns into an interior problem. In one version or another it has been much used in the past, perhaps first by Calderon, shortly afterwards by Seeley, Horman-der, Vishik, etc. If there could be any claim of novelty in the present treatment (and the author is not even sure of that) it would lie in the manner in which the transfer to the boundary is effected: In the neighborhood of the boundary the elliptic equation (or system) Pw = f is decomposed into a couple of equations $$ \frac{{\partial {\text{u}}}} {{\partial {\text{t}}}} - {\text{A}}^ - \left( {\text{t}} \right){\text{u}}\,{\text{ = g}} $$ (1) , $$ \frac{{\partial {\text{v}}}} {{\partial {\text{t}}}} - {\text{A}}^ + \left( {\text{t}} \right){\text{v}}\,{\text{ = }}\,{\text{h}} $$ (2) ,
A Robot Gripper With Variable Stiffness Actuation for Enhancing Collision Safety

This article presents the design of a two-finger variable stiffness gripper and demonstrates how the adjustable compliance of the fingers can enhance manipulation safety and robustness during collisions. The compliance between actuators and fingers are generated by using repulsive magnets as preloaded nonlinear springs such that by adjusting the air-gaps between the magnets, the position and stiffness of the fingers can be controlled simultaneously. The capability of the proposed design in collision detection and reaction is demonstrated via two collision scenarios. In the first experiment, a momentum-based collision detection algorithm in the context of compliant grasping is investigated. In the second experiment, an optimal reaction strategy is developed that exploits the adjustable stiffness characteristics of the gripper to improve safety during collisions. The experimental results of the two scenarios indicate the effectiveness of the proposed gripper in enhancing collision safety.
The Characterization of Cryogenic Materials by X-Ray Absorption Methods

X-ray absorption techniques have in recent years been developed into powerful probes of the electronic and structural properties of materials difficult to study by other techniques. In particular, the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique can be applied to a variety of cryogenic materials. Three examples will be used to demonstrate the power of the technique. The first is the determination of the lattice location of dilute alloying additions such as Ta and Zr in Nb3Sn. The Ta additions are shown to reside predominately in Nb lattice sites, while Zr is not uniquely located at either Nb or Sn sites. In addition to structural information, temperature dependent EXAFS studies can be used to determine the rms deviations of atomic bond lengths, providing information about the temperature dependence of interatomic force constants. For Nb3Sn deviations are found from simple harmonic behavior at low temperatures which indicate a softening of the Nb-Sn bond strength. The final example is the study of interfacial properties in thin film systems. This is accomplished by making x-ray absorption measurements under conditions of total external reflection of the incident x-rays. As some examples will show this technique has great potential for studying interfacial reactions, a process used in the fabrication of many superconducting materials.
A profile of MPA students’ perceptions of online learning: What MPA students value in online education and what they think would improve online learning experiences

What do MPA students value in online education and what do they think would improve online learning experiences in an MPA program? Ironically, few studies have tried to derive more than a couple of...
Exit as Care: How Motherhood Mediates Women's Exodus From Violence in Mexico and Central America

Today, growing numbers of mothers and children are fleeing Mexico and Central America. Most scholars attribute this displacement to organized crime, and a few note the importance of gender violence in driving women's migration. Yet, less has been said about how violence affects motherhood or how motherhood shapes women's decisions to leave. Drawing on 44 in-depth interviews with Mexican and Central American women seeking U.S. asylum, we show how multifaceted violence intensifies the burdens on mothers. At the same time, we argue, motherhood can offer a source of agency in contexts of normalized violence, inspiring women to flee.
Shared mechanisms underlie the control of working memory and attention

Cognitive control guides behaviour by controlling what, when, and how information is represented in the brain1. For example, attention controls sensory processing; top-down signals from prefrontal and parietal cortex strengthen the representation of task-relevant stimuli2-4. A similar 'selection' mechanism is thought to control the representations held 'in mind'-in working memory5-10. Here we show that shared neural mechanisms underlie the selection of items from working memory and attention to sensory stimuli. We trained rhesus monkeys to switch between two tasks, either selecting one item from a set of items held in working memory or attending to one stimulus from a set of visual stimuli. Neural recordings showed that similar representations in prefrontal cortex encoded the control of both selection and attention, suggesting that prefrontal cortex acts as a domain-general controller. By contrast, both attention and selection were represented independently in parietal and visual cortex. Both selection and attention facilitated behaviour by enhancing and transforming the representation of the selected memory or attended stimulus. Specifically, during the selection task, memory items were initially represented in independent subspaces of neural activity in prefrontal cortex. Selecting an item caused its representation to transform from its own subspace to a new subspace used to guide behaviour. A similar transformation occurred for attention. Our results suggest that prefrontal cortex controls cognition by dynamically transforming representations to control what and when cognitive computations are engaged.
Attachment, Emotion Dysregulation, and Physical IPV in Predominantly Hispanic, Young Adult Couples.

Insecure attachment has been found to be a risk factor for perpetrating physical intimate partner violence (IPV). However, this association is likely exacerbated by additional factors, such as conflicting insecure attachment in one’s partner and difficulties with overall emotion regulation and impulse control. The present study aimed to examine the associations between insecure attachment and physical IPV perpetration in male and female partners, as well as to examine whether these associations are exacerbated by involvement with a partner with opposing attachment needs and overall emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Additionally, this study examined whether partners’ emotion dysregulation interacted to predict IPV. Two hundred eight heterosexual couples primarily recruited from a Hispanic-serving university completed questionnaires on attachment, emotion dysregulation, and one’s own and one’s partner’s perpetration. Results revealed that attachment anxiety, impulsivity, and an interaction effect between attachment avoidance and partner’s attachment anxiety were associated with self-reported, but not partner-reported, male perpetration. For females, attachment anxiety was associated with female IPV (self-reported and partner-reported), and impulsivity was associated with self-reported female IPV. Overall, results underscore how relationships between known risk factors and IPV perpetration may differ depending on if IPV perpetration is measured using self-reported or partner-reported data. Additional results and implications are discussed.
A genetic toolkit for investigating Clavibacter: markerless deletion, permissive site identification and an integrative plasmid

The development of knockout mutants and expression variants are critical for understanding genotype-phenotype relationships. However, advancements of these techniques in Gram-positive actinobacteria have stagnated over the last decade. Actinobacteria in the Clavibacter genus are composed of diverse crop pathogens which cause a variety of wilt and cankering diseases. Here, we present a suite of tools for genetic manipulation in the tomato pathogen C. michiganensis including a markerless deletion system, an integrative plasmid, and an R package for identification of permissive sites for plasmid integration. The vector pSelAct-KO is a recombination based, markerless knockout system that uses dual selection to engineer seamless deletions of a region of interest, providing opportunities for repeated higher-order genetic knockouts. The efficacy of pSelAct-KO was demonstrated in C. michiganensis and confirmed using whole genome sequencing. We developed permissR, an R package to identify permissive sites for chromosomal integration, which can be used in conjunction with pSelAct-Express, a non-replicating integrative plasmid that enables recombination into a permissive genomic location. Expression of eGFP by pSelAct-Express was verified in two candidate permissive regions predicted by permissR in C. michiganensis. These molecular tools are essential advancements for investigating Gram-positive actinobacteria, particularly for important pathogens in the Clavibacter genus.
Enabling Resilient Community Microgrids with Multiple Points of Common Coupling via a Rank-Based Model Predictive Control Framework

This paper presents an adaptive rank-based model predictive control (MPC) scheme for voltage source converters (VSCs) operating in a low voltage, AC community microgrid with dynamically changing topology. The proposed framework enables a fully synchronized microgrid with the ability to connect multiple VSCs to the utility grid simultaneously through multiple points of common coupling (MPCC). Furthermore, the VSCs autonomously adjust their operational mode from grid-forming to grid-following and vice versa, attaining a higher margin of stability, robustness, and flexibility. The MPC framework features an adaptive ranking system that assigns operational modes of the VSCs, i.e. voltage control (grid-forming) or current control (grid-following). The MATLAB/Simulink simulated case studies validate the controller’s functionality and flexibility while operating in changing microgrid configurations. A small-scale hardware testbed validates the practical implementation of the proposed controller.
Prevalence, risk factors and quality of life of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) among men attending Primary Care slum clinics in Bangalore: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Men, more than 50 years of age, have a higher incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and this increases with the advancing age. The prevalence of LUTS varies in different geographical areas across the world, and studies have reported that LUTS in men may significantly affect the quality of life (QoL) and influence their health-seeking behavior. Early detection of LUTS is essential as it is related to several complications. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LUTS and factors associated with LUTS and health-seeking behavior. Methods: We interviewed 201 men (>50 years) attending two urban primary care clinics in Bangalore using the IPSS questionnaire and calculated the prevalence of LUTS. Factors associated with LUTS and health seeking-behavior were tested using the Chi-square test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The prevalence of LUTS was 85%. LUTS was significantly associated with those having diabetes and those consuming more than two cups of tea per day. The most common symptom was nocturia (85.4%) and a weak stream (35.0%). Moderate and severe LUTS were significantly associated with poor QoL score (P
Hepatopulmonary syndrome

The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an important and often under-recognized vascular complication of cirrhosis and portal hypertension characterized by pulmonary vascular dilatation, which results in hypoxemia. This syndrome is identified in as many as 20% of patients who are evaluated for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and it has recently been found to increase mortality in affected patients, particularly when hypoxemia is severe. Currently, OLT is the only therapy established to reverse intrapulmonary vasodilatation, although postoperative mortality is increased in patients with severe hypoxemia. No randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic therapies have been undertaken, but supplemental oxygen improves oxygenation. Data derived from case reports, small studies, and experimental models suggest that pharmacologic therapies may be effective. In cirrhotic patients with HPS, particularly those with moderate hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg), OLT should be considered prior to the development of severe deoxygenation. Supplemental oxygen should be given to patients with a PaO2 < 60 mmHg or those with exercise oxygen desaturation. For those patients with mild hypoxemia or those who are not OLT candidates, a trial of pharmacologic treatment may be considered.
Trajectory of Long-Term Outcome in Severe Pediatric Diffuse Axonal Injury: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and death. One of the classic pathoanatomic brain injury lesions following severe pediatric TBI is diffuse (multifocal) axonal injury (DAI). In this single institution study, our overarching goal was to describe the clinical characteristics and long-term outcome trajectory of severe pediatric TBI patients with DAI. Methods: Pediatric patients ( 5 years of age and male. There were 2 mortalities. At discharge, 56% (30/54) of the surviving patients had unfavorable outcome. Sixty five percent (35/54) of surviving children were followed up to 10 years post-injury, and 71% (25/35) of them made a favorable recovery. Early fever and extensive DAI on MRI were associated with worse long-term outcomes. Conclusion: We describe the long-term trajectory outcome of severe pediatric TBI patients with pure DAI. While this was a single institution study with a small sample size, the majority of the children survived. Over one-third of our surviving children were lost to follow-up. Of the surviving children who had follow-up for 10 years after injury, the majority of these children made a favorable recovery.
Influence of dissolved organic matter on carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide formation from dimethyl sulfide during sunlight photolysis.

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2 ) are important atmospheric gases photochemically generated from organic sulfur precursors in sunlit natural waters. This study examined these processes by evaluating COS and CS2 photoproduction from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM was added because it photochemically produces various reactive intermediates (3 CDOM*, • OH, 1 O2 , and H2 O2 ) potentially involved in these reaction pathways. DMS-amended synthetic waters at pH 8 were varied in terms of their DOM type and concentration, spiked with the 3 CDOM* quenching agent, phenol, in certain cases, and subsequently irradiated over varying exposure times. Results indicated that various DOM types ranging from freshwater to open-ocean DOM increased COS but did not alter CS2 , which remained at nondetect levels. DOM type influenced COS only at higher concentrations (20 mg/L), whereas increasing DOM concentrations proportionally increased COS concentrations for all DOM types. Phenol addition lowered COS formation for reasons that remained unclear because phenol likely quenched 3 CDOM* and DMS-derived sulfur-based radicals. Further comparisons with DMS-spiked natural waters and cysteine (CYS)-spiked synthetic and natural waters assessed previously indicated that COS formation from both precursors in natural waters was always greater than in waters containing DOM alone. PRACTITIONER POINTS: DMS- and DOM-spiked synthetic waters formed COS but did not form CS2 during sunlight photolysis. In DMS-spiked synthetic solutions, DOM type has a limited influence on COS formation whereas DOM concentration has a stronger influence on COS formation. COS formation in the DMS-spiked synthetic waters was fairly proportional to the DOC concentration but was generally lower than COS formation in DMS-spiked natural waters.
Locomotor Muscle Microvascular Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

While there is emerging evidence of peripheral microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that may be related to systemic inflammation and red...
Barnyard Grasses ( Echinochloa spp.): Somatic Embryogenesis and ADH Production

Varieties of the Echinochloa complex (commonly known as barnyard grass) are among the world’s most serious weeds (Holm et al. 1977). They are found in 61 countries and are weeds of 36 crops (Holm et al. 1977). They range from 50°N to 40°S lat and are major weeds in all major agricultural areas with the exception of the African continent (Holm et al. 1977). They are particularly abundant in flooded rice fields, where they reduce yields by up to 40% (Kasasian 1971; Smith et al. 1977). Probably the best known species in the Echinochloa complex are E. crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. crus-galli var. oryzicola “early” and E. crus-galli var. oryzicola “late” which are most commonly known as barnyard grass. In addition, E. colunum (jungle rice) is also considered a major weed (May 1981). Other species in the Echinochloa complex that we have examined are E. muricata and E. crus-pavonis.
Primary sensory neurons express a Shaker-like potassium channel gene

Developmentally regulated action potentials are a hallmark of Rohon- Beard cells, a class of sensory neurons. In these neurons as well as other primary spinal neurons of Xenopus laevis, the functional differentiation of delayed-rectifier potassium current regulates the waveform of the action potential during the initial day of its appearance. Later, the acquisition of another voltage-dependent potassium current--the A current--plays a major role in regulating excitability. In order to understand the molecular basis of this functional differentiation, genes encoding voltage-dependent potassium currents expressed in the embryonic amphibian nervous system are being cloned. Here, we report the functional properties and developmental localization of a second Xenopus Shaker-like gene (Xenopus Kv 1.1; XSha1; GenBank accession number [M94258][1]) encoding a potassium current. Homology screening with the mouse gene MBK1 led to its isolation. Functional expression in oocytes identifies it as a delayed-rectifier current when assembled as a homooligomeric structure. Specific transcripts corresponding to XSha1 and to the previously cloned gene XSha2 are both detectable by RNase protection in RNA isolated from the embryonic nervous system. However, whole-mount in situ hybridization reveals the temporal pattern and cellular localization of XSha1 but not XSha2 mRNA, suggesting that the concentration of XSha2 transcripts in individual cells is lower than the threshold for detection by this method. Of particular interest, Rohon-Beard cells express XSha1 mRNA. In addition, XSha1 mRNA is detected in several structures containing neural crest derivatives including spinal ganglia, the trigeminal ganglion, and branchial arches; its presence in motor nerves and lateral spinal tracts suggests that both CNS and PNS glia express the mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GEN&access_num=M94258&atom=%2Fjneuro%2F13%2F11%2F4988.atom
Learning Disabilities or Difference: A Critical Look at Issues Associated with the Misidentification and Placement of Hispanic Students in Special Education Programs:

A new generation of Hispanic students are at risk due to inadequacies in our educational system. The inadequacies which include lack of prepared teachers and misuse of testing and assessment proced...
The Mystery of Chaco Canyon

The Mystery of Chaco Canyon. 1999. 56 minutes, color. video produced and directed by Anna Sofaer. For more information, contact Bullfrog Films, Box 149, Oley, PA 19547; 1-800-543-FROG (3764); info@bullfrogfilms.com.
Revisit rates and diagnoses following pediatric tonsillectomy in a large multistate population.

Objectives/Hypothesis Investigate the incidence and characteristics of revisits following ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy. Study Design Cross-sectional study using national databases. Methods Ambulatory pediatric (age <18.0 years) tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy cases were extracted from the 2010 State Ambulatory Surgery, Emergency Department, and Inpatient databases for New York, Florida, Iowa, and California. First and second revisits within the 14-day postoperative period were tabulated. Diagnoses, procedure codes, and mortality were examined. Results There were 36,221 pediatric tonsillectomies/adenotonsillectomies (mean age 7.4 years, 51.4% male). Overall, 2,740 patients (7.6%) had a revisit after pediatric tonsillectomy; 402 patients (1.1%) had a second revisit. Among revisits, 6.3% revisited the ambulatory surgery center, 77.5% revisited the emergency department, and 16.2% were readmitted as an inpatient. Among all tonsillectomies, bleeding occurred in 2.0% and 0.5% within the first and second revisits, respectively. A second revisit had a statistically higher association with a primary bleeding diagnosis than the first revisit (P < .001). Among all cases, 0.75% underwent a surgical procedure for bleeding at a first revisit compared to 0.25% during a second revisit. Acute pain was the primary diagnosis in 18.4% and 11.2% of first and second revisits; fever/vomiting/dehydration were primary diagnoses in 28.2% and 17.9%, respectively. There were two mortalities (0.0055%) within the 14-day postoperative interval. Conclusions This large-scale analysis describes the current rates and diagnoses of revisits, hospital readmission, and surgical intervention following ambulatory pediatric tonsillectomy. Many revisits centered on pain control and dehydration, suggesting that more adequate symptom control may prevent a large proportion of revisits. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope, 125:457–461, 2015
Using current artificial intelligence techniques to advise students

In this article, we summarize an advising system that is being implemented in the Computer Engineering Technology program at the Rochester Institute of Technology RIT. This system was designed using artificial intelligence forward chaining techniques and implemented in the C-Prolog language on a PDP-11/70 mainframe.
Why U.S. Media Education Lags Behind the Rest of the English-Speaking World:

The article considers historical, political, and sociological explanations for why the United States lags behind the rest of the English-speaking world in the formal delivery of media education. De...
Demosclerosis: Assessing the Argument

ails the federal government. The symptom of demosclerosis is the persistence of outdated programs. The consequence of demosclerosis is a federal government that has no flexibility to adapt programs to changing social needs. Rauch argues that "[t]he size of government is the great ideological divide in American politics. ...The more important question is not how big government is, but how flexible" (p. 145). He concludes:
Wind-induced traffic signal structure response: Experiments and reduction via helical arm strakes

Abstract Traffic signal structures are prone to fatigue failures due to a combination of along- and across-wind dynamic response. Stress reversal magnitudes with respect to wind speed and direction are experimentally investigated in a natural wind environment for a typical cantilevered mast arm traffic signal structure. Results show a prevalence of in-plane response induced stresses due to vortex shedding for wind speeds in the range of 4–6 m/s. To better study the role of the tapered arm in the wind-induced response, the mast arm is retrofitted with helical strakes. Although the diameter of the mast arm is not directly related to the adverse stress reversals observed, arm strake installation significantly reduces the across-wind response attributed to vortex shedding. Results indicate that the slender mast arm section is critical in flow separation and vortex formation on the back side of the signal cluster backplates. As a result of the findings herein, properly designed helical arm strakes can be considered for reducing vibrations that can be attributed to vortex shedding, thus have the potential to reduce fatigue-induced damage in critical wind environments.
Hardpoint Demonstration Array Radar

The project HAPDAR (HArd Point Demonstration Array Radar) is a part of Project Defender, sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, under ARPA Order Number 516 and contracted through the Army Missile Command. An attractive practical phased array radar system design is described in this paper. The HAPDAR radar is a multimode multifunction system capable of electronic scanning a pencil beam in two dimensions. The principal design feature is the TACOL (Thinned Aperture Computed Lens) approach to the antenna design. The lens is a passive array capable of collimating the beam and steering it in the desired direction. A single klystron transmitted illuminates the lens and a standard monopulse feed is used to extract angular errors. The design principles of TACOL are discussed and a complete description of the radar is presented.
Automatic pre- to intra-operative CT registration for image-guided cochlear implant surgery

Percutaneous cochlear implantation (PCI) is a minimally invasive image-guided cochlear implant approach, where access to the cochlea is achieved by drilling a linear channel from the outer skull to the cochlea. The PCI approach requires pre- and intra-operative planning. Segmentation of critical ear anatomy and computation of a safe drilling trajectory are performed in a pre-operative CT. The computed safe drilling trajectory must then be mapped to the intraoperative space. The mapping can be done using the transformation matrix that registers the pre- and intra-operative CTs. However, the difference in orientation between the pre- and intra-operative CTs is too extreme to be recovered by standard, gradient descent-based registration methods. Thus, we have so far relied on an expert to manually initialize the registration. In this work we present a method that aligns the scans automatically. We compared the performance of the automatic approach to the registration approach when an expert does the manual initialization on ten pairs of scans. There is a maximum difference of 0.19 mm between the entry and target points resulting from the automatic and manually initialized registration processes. This suggests that the automatic registration method is accurate enough to be used in a PCI surgery.
Forensic Science, Wrongful Convictions, and American Prosecutor Discretion

Abstract: A hot controversy exists about the reliability of forensic science as reported by prime-time drama television series in bringing violent criminals to justice. This exploratory research will show that neither forensics or its fictionalised (CSI Effect) accounts, nor substantial evidence secured by police investigators, shape prosecutor decisions to charge a suspect with a crime, which can often result in freeing guilty suspects and convicting innocent individuals. In the summer of 2006, 444 American prosecutors responded to a survey. The findings reveal that judges, juries, and defence lawyers are influenced more by prime-time American drama forensic accounts than by the substantial documented evidence of a case. It was also discovered that regardless of the dangerous apprehension of violent criminals by the police, some suspects are never charged because of faulty prosecutor behaviour. One implication of these findings is that police officer alienation from the legal system is at an all-time high, and that prosecutors lack professional supervision and personal motivation to represent the ‘people’, giving rise to vast human and legal rights violations of suspects and defendants.
Is there a role for metformin or acarbose as a weight-loss agent in the absence of diabetes?

The evidence so far indicates that neither drug can be recommended for this indication in this situation.
Anxiety and Epilepsy: What Neurologists and Epileptologists Should Know

Although there has been increasing recognition of psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy, most research and attention in this area has focused on depression. However, comorbid anxiety in epilepsy is highly prevalent, affecting more than 40 % of patients in some reports. Many important outcomes are significantly impacted by anxiety in epilepsy, including quality of life, mortality, and seizure status. Recent evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests a bidirectional association of anxiety and epilepsy, and there is mounting evidence for possible common pathophysiology underlying anxiety and epilepsy. Despite this importance, anxiety is under-recognized and undertreated in clinical practice. A variety of anxiety symptoms are seen in epilepsy, including symptoms exclusively before, during or after seizures (peri-ictal anxiety), symptoms resembling primary anxiety disorders, and anxiety directly related to epilepsy or its treatment. Key therapeutic approaches include pharmacotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy for most forms of interictal anxiety and better seizure control for peri-ictal anxiety.
Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations for Early First-Row Transition Metal Nitrosyls in Solid Neon

Reactions of laser-ablated Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn with NO in excess neon give the same major products found in excess argon with several interesting differences. The argon-to-neon matrix shifts range from +43 cm-1 for the small Sc[NO]+ cation to −5 cm-1 for Sc[NO]. The lower polarizability of neon leads to a slower condensation rate and allows more reagent diffusion and reaction under the conditions of these experiments, and as a result, higher nitrosyls are observed on condensation in excess neon. Another consequence of the slower condensation rate of neon is the inability to trap as much of the side-bound M[NO] precursor relative to the NMO insertion product: higher yields of M[NO] species are trapped in solid argon. An advantage of the greater inertness of neon is its ability to trap cations with less perturbation than argon. Model calculations show that argon interacts more strongly with Sc[NO]+ than with neon: the ArSc[NO]+ species is stable and has a lower N−O stretching frequency than NeSc[NO]+. N...
Effect of high pressure processing on the immunoreactivity of almond milk

Abstract Influence of high pressure processing (HPP) at 450 and 600 MPa, 30 °C for various holding times (0, 30, 60,180, 300 and 600 s) on almond milk amandin was investigated. The immunoreactivity of pressure treated almond milk was compared with raw and thermally processed (TP) almond milk (72, 85 and 99 °C for 0 to 300 s) using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot and dot blot. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting linear (4F10) and conformational (4C10) epitopes on amandin were used to assess amandin immunoreactivity. To determine the aggregation of almond proteins, almond milk protein solubility was quantified after 300 s of HPP (up to 600 MPa, 30 °C) and TP (at 72, 85 and 99 °C, 0.1 MPa). After HPP (for all holding times), amandin can no longer be detected by the anti-conformational mAb in ELISA while signal generated from the anti-linear epitopes mAb was reduced by half (P 0.05) unless processed at 85 and 99 °C for 300 s. Western blot and dot blot also confirmed the loss of immunoreactivity by both antibodies for HPP almond milk. The reduced band intensity of the 61 and 63 kDa polypeptides and concomitant appearance of high molecular weight polypeptides in Western blot indicated that the observed decrease in immunoreactivity was partly due to the aggregation of amandin. The tested HPP and TP treatments respectively caused a maximum of ~ 70% and ~ 75% reduction in protein solubility. The study demonstrated that the loss of protein solubility, rather than the epitope destruction, may be responsible for the observed decrease in amandin immunoreactivity.
Brain MR: Pathologic Correlation with Gross and Histopathology. 2. Hyperintense White-Matter Foci in the Elderly

MR was performed on 23 formalin-fixed brain specimens of patients 60 years old or older at the time of death. In two of these subjects MR had also been performed in vivo prior to death. Fifteen hyperintense white-matter foci were found on long TR MR images in seven brains. These lesions were correlated with gross and microscopic pathology. Six lesions were infarctions, two were small foci of gliosis or noncavitated infarcts, two were plaques of demyelination, one was a minute brain cyst, and one was a congenital diverticulum of the lateral ventricle; in three foci the abnormality was not found. We identified no MR criteria to distinguish noncystic infarction from either gliosis or demyelination. However, MR was able to distinguish all these lesions from fluid-containing spaces-including cystic infarction, brain cyst, and ventricular diverticulum-since the lesions in the latter group may be isointense relative to CSF in vivo or to fluid in the subarachnoid space in the postmortem fixed state on all pulse sequences. The relationship of a ventricular diverticulum and a brain cyst to the ventricle or subarachnoid space serves as an additional differentiating feature on MR. In cases in which CT was also performed, it revealed corresponding hypodensities in two infarctions, but failed to reveal the foci of gliosis (or noncavital infarction), demyelination, or brain cyst. These data suggest that subtle changes of gliosis and demyelination, presumably from chronic vascular insufficiency, and/or frank infarction account for the majority of hyperintense white-matter lesions seen in MR in elderly patients. Distinguishing among the various lesions is difficult, but subtle differences are present when MR is correlated with histopathology.
Phenomenological laws and charge order concepts in high Tc superconductors

Phenomenology indicates that doping curves are quantitatively given by the filling of bond orders (BO) of super-exchange pairs. This filling is related to the degree of isolation of the plane. We discuss the existence of different BO families, their mutual transformations and aspects of the mechanism of charge transport as block movements within the BO.
Structure and operation of the feeding apparatus in a colorless euglenoid, Entosiphon sulcatum

Entosiphon sulcatum is a phagotrophic euglenoid. The tubular ingestion apparatus, called a siphon, is composed of three microtubular rods extending the length of the cell. Within the tube are four large striated vanes arranged much like the blades in a pinwheel. The vanes arise from the microtubular rods and curve towards the center of the feeding apparatus. Sheets of endoplasmic reticulum are positioned adjacent to each of the vanes and surround the perimeter of the apparatus. A cap, supported by a scaffold and anchored into the cytoplasm, covers the opening of the siphon. An elongate invagination of the plasma membrane is positioned adjacent to the edge of the cap and extends downward into the siphon forming the opening. The vanes converge at the anterior end of the siphon and surround the invagination. During feeding, the siphon protrudes from the cell. As the apparatus protrudes the cap is withdrawn to the side, opening the siphon. The vanes spread apart expanding the invagination of the plasma membrane into a large cavity into which ingested food particles are taken.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF OEDOGONIUM. III. MICROTUBULAR ELEMENTS IN THE CHLOROPLASTS OF OE. CARDIACUM(1) (2).

SUMMARY The expansive, reticulate cliloroplasts of the filamentous green alga Oedogonium tardiacum were found to contain microtubular elements with an outside diameter of about 270 A. These microtubules have been examined in the chloroplast stroma of vegetative cells, zoospores, zoospore germlings, and eggs. They may occur singly or, more commonly, in groups or bundles of 2 to as many as 30. In longitudinal section these microtubules show a regular pattern of slightly oblique cross striations and the margins appear rough. They bear little structural resemblance to the more familiar and slightly smaller microtubules found in the cytoplasm external to the cliloroplasts. Their overall appearance suggests that each is constructed of 2 helically wound, ribbon-like units that are approximately 155-175 A broad and 45-55 A thick. The 2 units of this proposed double helix appear to lie in juxtaposition at a pitch of 17-27 deg. The dimensions of each unit, or helix, are such that it could conceivably be constructed of 3 filamentous subunits similar to those already described in the literature for other microtubular elements.