cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design-Decision Support in Concurrent/Simultaneous Engineering

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses design-decision support in concurrent/simultaneous engineering.It presents three different approaches to process planning and the involved difficulties. Resulting from the perspective of process planning, the chapter focuses on the key aspect design for economic manufacturability with emphasis on design-decision supporting activities. Classical and knowledge-based design-decision support tools are introduced and discussed. C/S engineering emphasizes people and communication issues rather than technology issues. The basic idea is based on a fundamentally different way of looking at how products are conceived, engineered, manufactured, and supported. Interactive communication among the different disciplines involved in the development process provides the necessary process insight for the members of the management, the technical staff, and the labor. Product design is generally concerned with form, fit, and function. Manufacturing aspects, quality assurance, and arising costs are often not considered until later stages of product development, so that designs need to be reworked to solve occurring problems or failures.
CHARACTERIZING THE PREVALENCE AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH PARADOXICAL LOW-GRADIENT MITRAL STENOSIS

Significant mitral stenosis (MS) has been traditionally defined by the mitral valve area (MVA), and was classically associated with an elevated mean pressure gradient (PG) across the valve. Paradoxical low-gradient (LG) aortic stenosis despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has
A Profession-Based Learning Approach to Teaching Contemporary Parks and Recreation Students

Myllykangas postulated that students studying various careers within the parks and recreation profession might prefer a certain learning style, which is, often the case, different from the teaching...
Discourse of non-participation in Russian political culture: Analyzing multiple sites of hegemony production:

This article examines and exposes substantial fragments of the crucial for the Russian autocracy discursive formation that hegemonically produces disempowered identities and relationships, inactive...
Correction: Characterizing surface wetting and interfacial properties using enhanced sampling (SWIPES)

Correction for ‘Characterizing surface wetting and interfacial properties using enhanced sampling (SWIPES)’ by Hao Jiang et al., Soft Matter, 2019, 15, 860–869, DOI: 10.1039/C8SM02317D.
The Prevalence of Noonan Spectrum Disorders in Pediatric Patients with Pulmonary Valve Stenosis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Noonan spectrum disorders in a pediatric population with pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) and explore other characteristics of Noonan spectrum disorders associated with PVS. Study design A retrospective medical record review was completed for patients with a diagnosis of PVS seen at the Children's Hospital Colorado Cardiology clinic between 2009 and 2019. Syndromic diagnoses, genotypes, cardiac characteristics, and extracardiac characteristics associated with Noonan spectrum disorders were recorded; statistical analysis was conducted using R. Results Syndromic diagnoses were made in 16% of 686 pediatric patients with PVS, with Noonan spectrum disorders accounting for 9% of the total diagnoses. Individuals with Noonan spectrum disorders were significantly more likely to have an atrial septal defect and/or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than the non-Noonan spectrum disorder individuals. Supravalvar pulmonary stenosis was also correlated significantly with Noonan spectrum disorders. Extracardiac clinical features presenting with PVS that were significantly associated with Noonan spectrum disorders included feeding issues, failure to thrive, developmental delay, short stature, and ocular findings. The strongest predictors of a Noonan spectrum disorder diagnosis were cryptorchidism (70%), pectus abnormalities (66%), and ocular findings (48%). The presence of a second characteristic further increased this likelihood, with the highest probability occurring with cryptorchidism combined with ocular findings (92%). Conclusions The 9% prevalence of Noonan spectrum disorder in patients with PVS should alert clinicians to consider Noonan spectrum disorders when encountering a pediatric patient with PVS. The presence of PVS with 1 or more Noonan spectrum disorder-related features should prompt a genetic evaluation and genetic testing for RAS pathway defects. Noonan spectrum disorders should also be included in the differential when a patient presents with supravalvar pulmonary stenosis.
Convergent Causal Consistency for Social Media Posts

Geo-replicated services play a vital role in cloud storage management by providing enhanced availability, higher reliability, and lower latency on demand access to shared infrastructure and data resources. In such environments, consistency is a critical and essential consideration for distributed storage systems where it is required to make updates to the replicated data. Convergent causal consistency has become a popular consistency model by offering useful semantics for online human interaction services. Adaptive non-full replication strategies have potential benefit of lower message counts in social network systems. However, static replication is ineffective for time-varying workloads. This paper presents a causal+ consistency protocol, CaDRoP, to support adaptive dynamic replication with the convergence property for all comments following a post and the causal ordering between posts with explicit causality. We evaluate CaDRoP protocol with realistic workloads by different PUT rates in terms of the practical price of Amazon Web Service. The results show that CaDRoP can yield significantly lower cost than it is running in a statically replicated data store. We further evaluate CaDRoP by comparing it with a clairvoyant optimal replication solution. The findings indicate that with cache, CaDRoP incurs only around 6% ~ 16% extra cost. Without cache, CaDRoP brings around 2% ~ 4.5% extra cost in steady states.
Numerical investigation of a fueled pre-chamber spark-ignition natural gas engine:

Pre-chamber spark-ignition (PCSI) is a leading advanced ignition concept for internal combustion engines with the potential to enable diesel-like efficiency in medium-duty/heavy-duty (MD/HD) natura...
Informational masking in the modulation domain.

Uncertainty regarding the frequency spectrum of a masker can have an adverse effect on the ability to focus selective attention on a target frequency channel, yielding informational masking (IM). This study sought to determine if uncertainty regarding the modulation spectrum of a masker can have an analogous adverse effect on the ability to focus selective attention on a target modulation channel, yielding IM in the modulation domain, or “modulation IM.” A single-interval, two-alternative forced-choice (yes-no) procedure was used. The task was to detect 32-Hz target sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) imposed on a broadband-noise carrier in the presence of masker SAM imposed on the same carrier. Six maskers, spanning the range from 8 to 128 Hz in half-octave steps, were tested, excluding those that fell within a two-octave protected zone surrounding the target. Psychometric functions (d′-vs-target modulation depth) were measured for each masker under two conditions: a fixed (low-uncertainty/low-IM) condition, in which the masker was the same on all trials within a block, and a random (high-uncertainty/high-IM) condition, in which it varied randomly from presentation-to-presentation. Thresholds and slopes extracted from the psychometric functions differed markedly between the conditions. These results are consistent with the idea that IM occurs in the modulation domain.
Listening to Funeral Directors in Rural Oklahoma Funeral Homes: Social Construction of Roles, Goals, and Strategies

This study examined rural funeral directors’ performance of social roles. Seventeen funeral directors were recruited from rural Oklahoma funeral homes for in-depth interviews. Constant comparative ...
Theory-Guided Randomized Neural Networks for Decoding Medication-Taking Behavior

Long-term endocrine therapy (e.g. Tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors) is crucial to prevent breast cancer recurrence, yet rates of adherence to these medications are low. To develop, evaluate, and sustain future interventions, individual-level modeling can be used to understand breast cancer survivors' behavioral mechanisms of medication-taking. This paper presents interdisciplinary research, wherein a model employing randomized neural networks was developed to predict breast cancer survivors’ daily medication-taking behavior based on their survey data over three time periods (baseline, 4 months, 8 months). The neural network structure was guided by random utility theory developed in psychology and behavioral economics. Comparative analysis indicates that the proposed model outperforms existing computational models in terms of prediction accuracy under conditions of randomness.
Structural Investigations of Amorphous Iron-Germanium Alloys by EXAFS

We present the amplitudes and the interatomic distance results returned by one shell fitting of EXAFS data obtained at both the iron and germanium K absorption edges from a-Fex Ge1-x, alloys, with 0.0≤x≤0.72. The first shell bond lengths determined for a-feGe2 are found to be about 0.15 Angstroms shorter than corresponding distances in c-FeGe2. This difference may be due to a true decrease in the average first neighbor bond length in the amorphous material or may result from an asymmetric broadening of this shell relative to that in the crystal.
A critical plane-based fracture criterion for mixed-mode delamination in composite materials

Abstract A new critical plane-based mixed-mode delamination failure criterion is proposed in this study. First, many existing models are reviewed and their capability to handle the mixed-mode fracture of general anisotropic materials are discussed. Following this, a previously developed critical plane approach is extended to analyze the interfacial fracture of composite materials by considering the anisotropic fracture resistance under mixed-mode loadings. Next, comparison with extensive experimental data available in the literature is performed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed criterion. A general good agreement is observed between the model's predictions and experimental observations. Finally, some conclusions and future work are drawn based on the proposed study.
Constructing good covering codes for applications in steganography

Application of covering codes to data embedding improves embedding efficiency and security of steganographic schemes. In this paper, we describe several familes of covering codes constructed using the blockwise direct sum of factorizations. We show that non-linear constructions offer better performance compared to simple linear covering codes currently used by steganographers. Implementation details are given for a selected code family.
Idiopathic syrinx in the pediatric population: a combined center experience.

Object Discovery of a syrinx in a child, without a readily identifiable proximate cause such as a Chiari malformation, tumor, or site of tethering, is often a cause of concern for families and a source of consternation for clinicians. There is a paucity of data describing the natural history of an idiopathic syrinx in the pediatric population. The authors present the combined data of 2 major pediatric neurosurgical centers to describe their experience with this condition. Methods Data were collected at Children's Hospital Boston and St. Louis Children's Hospital according to institutional review board–approved protocols and captured visits over a 2.5-year interval (October 2006–March 2009), with records reviewed if the patient had a preexisting diagnosis of syrinx. Patients were identified by ICD-9 codes derived from departmental databases. All pediatric patients (age < 19 years) in whom idiopathic syrinx had been diagnosed, as defined by MR imaging findings (dilated central canal in the spinal cord of ≥ ...
The control of the plane of division during stomatal differentiation in Allium

Division of the guard mother cell (GMC) in Allium cotyledons has been examined in epidermal slices viewed with Nomarski optics and electron microscopy. Special attention has been directed towards elucidating the process by which the dividing cell determines its plane of division. In normal development, the cell plate formed during GMC division ultimately lies along the longitudinal axis of the cotyledon, in contrast to the transverse planes formed in other epidermal divisions. Our observations reveal that the final plane of division is not determined by the orientation of the spindle at metaphase but instead is established during late anaphase-telophase as a result of directed reorientation movements of the spindle-phragmoplast and associated daughter nuclei. The metaphase plate may lie at an oblique angle, even as great as 90°, from the final plane of the plate. Thus, daughter chromosomes separate into opposite corners of the cell. During late anaphase-telophase, movement of the spindle is activated; the daughter nuclei move along the sides of the cell while the interzone rotates. Movement continues until daughter nuclei reach positions opposite each other along the sides of the cell and the midzone or cell plate is positioned in the longitudinal orientation. Movement requires 15–20 minutes for completion, is highly directional, and does not overshoot the correct alignment. Following movement cytokinesis proceeds to completion forming two young guard cells. Possible mechanisms for reorientation are discussed, including one that suggests that interzone microtubules may interact with a cortical site on the plasmalemma adjacent to the end and paradermal walls. Such a site may be related to and governed by the same properties which controlled the prior formation of the preprophase band of microtubules in these cells.
Effects of randomly rough surfaces on ultrasonic inspection

Rough surfaces can greatly alter the signal-to-noise ratio for the ultrasonic detection of subsurface scatterers. In this paper, we discuss the effects of rough surfaces on the "material noise", i.e., the more-or-less random signals generated by backscatter from subsurface, densely-distributed volumetric scatterers such as cells or microcrystallites. A statistical approach is used to analyze the variance of the signal generated by scatterers at a fixed depth below the surface for finite-sized phase-coherent focused transducers. The problem is formulated using the scalar-wave approximation and the reciprocity theorem. The interaction of ultrasound with the volumetric scatterers is modeled in the Bom approximation and in the long wavelength limit. Transmission through the rough surface is modeled using the phase-screen approximation. Gaussian and exponential autocorrelation functions model the surface height distribution. The main result is a solution in series form (as well as simple approximating expressions) for the variance of the backscattered signal from scatterers at a fixed depth. Analysis of the solution indicates that (a) the "early-time" variance in the signal, obtained from the scatterers close to the surface, is independent of the transducer type and its radius after normalization, (b) focusing reduces the variance in the signal due to scatterers in the focal zone, in some cases by more than an order of magnitude compared to unfocused probes, (c) the variance generated by scatterers lying beyond the focal zone may be increased or decreased by surface roughness depending on the relative size of the focal spot and the surface correlation length of the roughness. More generally, we find that focusing substantially reduces the surface roughness-induced degradation in the signal-to-noise ratio, and improves the detection of large defects in a background of small volumetric scatterers.
Kierkegaard: Christian existence: Faith and the paradox

In Chapter 1 of this book I argued that Kierkegaard's claim that his authorship should be understood as one devoted to the service of Christianity is defensible, and that this provides a valuable standpoint for reading that authorship. However, I also claimed that for Kierkegaard the primary problems that modern intellectuals have with Christian faith stem from a failure to understand the nature of human existence, and thus Kierkegaard saw the need to tackle once more the basic questions about existence. Christianity is itself a way of existing, and it is an answer to questions posed by human existence. Those who do not understand the questions will not grasp the significance of any purported answers to those questions. So, even though Kierkegaard's own motivation may have been in the service of Christianity, the descriptions Kierkegaard offers about the structure of human existence as well as the “spheres” of existence are of interest to those who do not share his Christian faith. Much of what Kierkegaard has to say is therefore interesting to different people for different kinds of reasons. For example, his description of the natural religious life that I examined in the previous chapter will be interesting to people who want to understand the phenomenon of religiousness, regardless of their own religious standpoint. However, Kierkegaard's pseudonym Johannes Climacus presents his own analysis of “Religiousness A” as part of a general quest to understand how it is possible for an individual to become a Christian and what this might mean.
Unification and Matching in Process Algebras

We consider the compatibility checking problem for a simple fragment of CCS, called BCCSP[12], using equational unification techniques. Two high-level specifications given as two process algebraic terms with free variables are said to be compatible modulo some equivalence relation if a substitution on the free variables can make the resulting terms equivalent modulo that relation. We formulate this compatibility (modulo an equivalence relation) checking problems as unification problems in the equational theory of the the corresponding equivalence relation. We use van Glabbeek's equational axiomatizations [12] for some interesting process algebraic relations. Specifically, we consider equational axiomatizations for bisimulation equivalence and trace equivalence and establish complexity lower bounds and upper bounds for the corresponding unification and matching problems. We also show some special cases for which efficient algorithmic solutions exist.
Effects of Supplementation Strategies on Performance of Early-Weaned Calves Raised on Pastures

ABSTRACT The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of supplementation and grazing strategies on the performance of early-weaned calves grazing cool-season and warm-season grasses in Florida. In Exp. 1, 40 calves were early-weaned (92 ± 15 d of age) and randomly allocated to 8 ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pastures (January to May) and then moved onto 8 stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) pastures (May to August). Two supplement treatments (1.0% BW) were randomly allotted to pastures (4 pastures/treatment), consisting of 1) soybean hulls, or 2) a blend of soybean hulls and cottonseed meal (80:20). Supplement treatment did not impact ADG during ryegrass grazing; however, calves grazing stargrass and receiving supplemental soybean hulls + cottonseed meal had greater ADG than calves receiving soybean hulls alone. In Exp. 2, 24 early-weaned calves (89 ± 20 d of age) were randomly assigned 1 of 2 management treatments from January to April (3 pastures/treatment and 4 calves/pasture). Treatments consisted of 1) bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) + 2.0% BW supplementation, or 2) ryegrass + 1.0% BW supplementation. Supplements were an 80:20 blend of soybean hulls and cottonseed meal. Herbage mass and allowance were similar among treatments, but ryegrass had greater nutritive value than both the bahiagrass and supplement. Consequently, calves grazing ryegrass had greater ADG. In conclusion, the addition of cottonseed meal to a soybean hull supplement increased performance of early-weaned calves grazing summer warm-season grasses, but not while grazing winter ryegrass. In addition, early-weaned calves grazing warm-season grasses during the winter had decreased performance when compared with calves grazing ryegrass, despite increased supplementation.
Distributional patterns in Brazilian Serjania (Sapindaceae)

The present paper analyzes the distribution of Serjania in Brazil, by comparing and contrasting the species occuring in three major phytogeographic regions: the Atlantic coast, the planalto, and the Amazon basin. The Atlantic coast region has the highest percent (70%) of species endemic to the area, and shares many species with the planalto region. The planalto region shares most of its species with the Atlantic coast and the neighboring countries, but still has a 33% of endemic species to the area. The Amazon basin has only a 4% of species endemic to the area, with most of the reminder species widely distributed through-out the area.
Direct Comparison of Auger, SIMS, and Proton Resonance Profiling for Reliability Studies

Uniformly prepared samples have been used for comparison of profiles using three techniques. Proton resonance is nondestructive and provides the best depth resolution at or near the surface. PRP was used as a quantitative standard for total number of particles and for absolute depth. However, the ability of PRP to resolve fine structure beyond the first few hundred angstroms is inferior to SIMS and AES. Proton Resoance Profiling is not expected to be widely used as a profiling technique because of the capital equipment costs and the limited number of impurity-host combination. However, this technique can be utilized to evaluate and calibrate other diagnostic techniques in a quantitative manner. Auger Electron Spectroscopy is a nondestructive surface analysis technique and is most sensitive to surface impurities. In order to profile with AES, the surface must be sputtered, thus destroying the sample. The limits of sensitivity are on the order of 0.1 atomic 7. Thus, the SIMS and PRP techniques are more sensitive for depth profiling of dopants and trace impurities. AES capital equipment costs, however, are signifi'cantly lower than the other two techniques and many surface oriented reliability problems can be effectively examined by AES. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry is the most sensitive of the techniques compared in this work and is capable of semiquantitative analysis of a wide range of dopants and impurities relevant to reliability studies. However, as with AES profiling the material is sputtered away thus destroying the sample.
Necessary conditions for the neutral problem of Bolza with continuously varying time delay

This note uses Clarke's decoupling technique to obtain necessary conditions for the generalized problem of Bolza with Lipschitz continuously varying delay in both the state and velocity variables.
Graphics as a learning aid: Developing visual models can be the key to solving difficult engineering problems

The computer can plot the data unblemished by personal biases and idiosyncrasies, and, provided that the physics is correct, the representation will be accurate. Thus, rather than getting a graphic that shows what one thinks ought to be, one gets a graphic that accurately reflects the model. People make mistaken interpretations based on a drawing in a textbook in which the artist was given considerable license. Another advantage computers have over the art department is that most scientific calculations today are of a sophisticated nature and must be done on a computer. Thus, there is an economy of effort in having a computer plot the data in graphical form when this must be done from calculations. Perhaps, more importantly, the computer can plot the data while the calculations are proceeding. Seeing the solution evolve graphically as the calculation progresses is quite fascinating, and a powerful diagnostic tool. Developing visual models can be the key to solving difficult engineering problems.
On second-order cofactors and null return difference in feedback amplifier theory

Like the general return difference, the general null return difference is defined as the ratio of the two functional values assumed by the second-order cofactor of the elements associated with the input and output terminals of the indefinite-admittance matrix of a feedback amplifier under the condition that the element of interest assumes its nominal value and the condition that the element assumes its reference value. It is shown that this algebraic definition is entirely consistent with the classical physical formulation of the null return difference.
Salt appetite and intravascular volume depletion following colloid dialysis in hamsters

Hamsters injected with 1.5 ml/100 g of 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG) increase consumption of 0.15 M NaCl, but not water, over the following 48 hr. The same dose reduces intravascular volume 30% over 12 hr in fasted hamsters drinking water. Hamsters usually avoid drinking normal saline, and other attempts to stimulate saline intake by adrenalectomy, DOCA, or diuretics have failed. The PEG-induced saline intake is highly variable, with not all hamsters responding. Increases of sodium and water balances proceed at much slower rates than are generally reported for rats, owing to a greater dependence on renal rather than behavioral mechanisms for water and electrolyte defenses in the hamster. Some other desert species, such as the gerbil, reportedly also fail to increase water consumption following PEG, suggesting that the form of response to intravascular volume depletion may depend on the habitat adaptation.
Recursive parameter estimation

The use of recursive filtering techniques for parameter estimation in a variety of areas is reviewed. In particular, the Kalman filter algorithm is described, along with several variations, including square-root, UDU T and information filters. The solution to parameter estimationproblems is discussed for both linear and non-linear models. Applications described include calibration, curve resolution is spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, kinetic analysis and process monitoring
Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: facility size and location comparisons.

Despite recent declines in turnover and vacancy rates, maintaining a stable nursing staff continues to be critical to the effective operation of American hospitals. Job satisfaction is a pivotal element in nurse retention, and organizational theory suggests that some of the factors that influence job satisfaction vary by facility size. This is a study of job satisfaction among a sample of 731 nurses providing direct patient care in 22 hospitals. The sample includes approximately equal numbers of nurses employed in very small rural hospitals (1-49 beds), medium sized facilities located in small towns (50-99 beds), and larger metropolitan institutions (> 100 beds). Differences by hospital size were observed in overall job satisfaction and in five sub-dimensions of that concept (i.e., professional status, task requirements, pay, organizational policies, and autonomy). With the exception of pay, the results indicated that nurses employed in the very small rural hospitals were more satisfied with their jobs. Differences by hospital size were also observed in the personal characteristics of the nurses, several specific aspects of their job, and in their perceptions of job mobility. A set of four hierarchically nested ordinary least squares regression models indicated that job-specific characteristics were the most powerful predictors of job satisfaction.
Firm-level economic effects of HABS : A tool for business loss assessment

While the economic consequences of HABs may seem obvious, there is little empirical evidence to support the assertion or its magnitude relative to other environmental effects. As scientists learn more about the effectiveness of alternative HAB prevention, mitigation, and control strategies and agencies prepare for a suite of environmental events, information on potential economic losses are needed at the firm level to evaluate and justify continued HAB-related expenditures. To determine the extent of monetary losses that some firms may have incurred due to blooms of Karenia brevis (red tides) in Southwest Florida, 7 years of daily proprietary data were obtained from three beachfront restaurants and supplemented with environmental data from nearby weather stations. The statistical models revealed that reductions in daily sales ranged from $868 to $3734 (13.7%–15.3% on average) when red tide conditions were present. Estimated losses are compared to other environmental events and were found to coincide with those from other studies. The incidence of red tide events (as noted by each restaurant manager) corresponded with cell counts that averaged 180,853 cells/l as measured within 6 miles. Collectively this information supports the hypothesis of localized economic losses and provides a threshold cell count for future loss projections.
Human Factors Model of Workplace Accident Causation

This paper proposes a human factors model of workplace accident causation. Particular attention is given to merging traditional human factors considerations with those related to self-protective be...
Hydroxyapatite chromatography: altering the phosphate-dependent elution profile of protein as a function of pH.

Hydroxyapatite is a form of calcium phosphate thathaslongbeenusedinthechromatographicseparationofproteinsandDNA[1].Hydroxyapatiteisbestknownasacrystallinematerialbutisnowavailableinarangeofce-ramicderivativesthatarevastlysuperiorintermsofﬂowrate, stability, and reproducibility over many cycles ofuse.Thesedevelopmentshaveledtoarenewedinterestintheuseofthismediawithuniqueseparationproperties.Thisreportaimstofurtherextendthe usefulnessofhy-droxyapatiteforthepuriﬁcationofproteins.The adsorption of proteins to hydroxyapatite iscomplicated because it involves both anionic and cat-ionicexchange.TheCa
Kvetching and carousing under Communism: old Odessa as the Soviet Union’s Jewish city of sin

Odessa has often been branded a “Jewish city.” Much like their counterparts in New York and Warsaw, Odessa’s Jews have historically played a fundamental role in the city’s demographic makeup, economic life and culture. But Odessa is unique among Jewish cities because it has been mythologised as a city of sin, a frontier seaport boomtown whose commercial prosperity and balmy climate attracted legions of adventurers, gangsters and swindlers seeking easy wealth and earthly pleasures. Old Odessa was the Russian Jew’s golden calf – gilded, wicked and ostentatious in its intemperance. Odessa’s carnivalesque environment was fertile ground for the blending of different cultures, and the Jews spearheaded this process, adopting a Yiddish‐inflected Russian as their language for celebrating their profligate city. By the 1917 Revolution the foundations had been laid for the emergence of Isaac Babel, Leonid Utesov, Mikhail Zhvanetskii and the many other Jews who subsequently left Odessa for Moscow and the Soviet interi...
Discriminative Deep Face Shape Model for Facial Point Detection

Facial point detection is an active area in computer vision due to its relevance to many applications. It is a nontrivial task, since facial shapes vary significantly with facial expressions, poses or occlusion. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing a discriminative deep face shape model that is constructed based on an augmented factorized three-way Restricted Boltzmann Machines model. Specifically, the discriminative deep model combines the top-down information from the embedded face shape patterns and the bottom up measurements from local point detectors in a unified framework. In addition, along with the model, effective algorithms are proposed to perform model learning and to infer the true facial point locations from their measurements. Based on the discriminative deep face shape model, 68 facial points are detected on facial images in both controlled and "in-the-wild" conditions. Experiments on benchmark data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed facial point detection algorithm against state-of-the-art methods.
A multiplicity-vertex detector for the PHENIX experiment at RHIC

Abstract A Multiplicity-Vertex Detector (MVD) has been designed, and is in construction for the PHENIX Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The 35 000 channel silicon detector is a two-layer barrel comprised of 112 strip detectors, and two disk-shaped endcaps comprised of 24 wedge-shaped pad detectors. The support structure of the MVD is very low mass, only 0.4% of a radiation length in the central barrel. The detector front-end electronics are a custom CMOS chip set containing preamplifier, discriminator, analog memory unit, and analog-to-digital converter. The system has pipelined acquisition, performs in simultaneous read/write mode, and is clocked by the 10 MHz beam crossing rate at RHIC. These die, together with a pair of commercial FPGAs that are used for control logic, are packaged in a mutlichip-module (MCM). The MCM will be fabricated in the High-Density-Interconnect (HDI) process. The prototype MCM design layout is described.
Biased Harvest Estimates from a Postal Survey of a Sport Fishery

Abstract A partial creel census and a postal card survey were simultaneously employed to determine the harvest of wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from several ponds. A comparison of the catch per effort ratios (c/e) from interviews and postcards revealed a positive bias in the estimates obained from returned postcards. The c/e ratios from postcards were double the c/e ratios from interviews. This discrepancy was partly due to the reluctance of unsuccessful anglers to return postcards. There was a significantly higher proportion of unsuccessful anglers from interviews than from postcard returns. Positive errors in the c/e ratios also resulted from a nonresponse of successful anglers and from more than one fisherman reporting on a single card. Estimates of fishing success from postcards seriously overestimated the season's harvest of trout and the exploitation rates.
Protective Immunoglobulin A and G Antibodies Bind to Overlapping Intersubunit Epitopes in the Head Domain of Type 1 Reovirus Adhesin σ1

Nonfusogenic mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is an enteric pathogen of mice and a useful model for studies of how an enteric virus crosses the mucosal barrier of its host and is subject to control by the mucosal immune system. We recently generated and characterized a new murine immunoglobulin A (IgA)-class monoclonal antibody (MAb), 1E1, that binds to the adhesin fiber, σ1, of reovirus type 1 Lang (T1L) and thereby neutralizes the infectivity of that strain in cell culture. 1E1 is produced in hybridoma cultures as a mixture of monomers, dimers, and higher polymers and is protective against peroral challenges with T1L either when the MAb is passively administered or when it is secreted into the intestines of mice bearing subcutaneous hybridoma tumors. In the present study, selection and analysis of mutants resistant to neutralization by 1E1 identified the region of T1L σ1 to which the MAb binds. The region bound by a previously characterized type 1 σ1-specific neutralizing IgG MAb, 5C6, was identified in the same way. Each of the 15 mutants isolated and analyzed was found to be much less sensitive to neutralization by either 1E1 or 5C6, suggesting the two MAbs bind to largely overlapping regions of σ1. The tested mutants retained the capacity to recognize specific glycoconjugate receptors on rabbit M cells and cultured epithelial cells, even though viral binding to epithelial cells was inhibited by both MAbs. S1 sequence determinations for 12 of the mutants identified σ1 mutations at four positions between residues 415 and 447, which contribute to forming the receptor-binding head domain. When aligned with the σ1 sequence of reovirus type 3 Dearing (T3D) and mapped onto the previously reported crystal structure of the T3D σ1 trimer, the four positions cluster on the side of the σ1 head, across the interface between two subunits. Three such interface-spanning epitopes are thus present per σ1 trimer and require the intact quaternary structure of the head domain for MAb binding. Identification of these intersubunit epitopes on σ1 opens the way for further studies of the mechanisms of antibody-based neutralization and protection with type 1 reoviruses.
Identification of psychosocial problems in pediatric primary care : Do family attitudes make a difference?

Objective To evaluate the affect of families' attitudes about the appropriateness of discussing psychosocial concerns on pediatric providers' identification of psychosocial problems. Design These data were collected as part of the Greater New Haven Child Health Study, New Haven, Conn. The study design was a prospective cohort. Setting Families were recruited from a stratified random sample of all primary care practices in the greater New Haven area. Nineteen of 23 invited practices agreed to participate including 2 prepaid practices, 2 neighborhood health centers, and 7 fee-for-service group and 8 fee-for-service solo practices. Participants All families of children aged 4 to 8 years who attended these practices during 2 separate 3-week periods (1 in fall 1987 and 1 in spring 1988) were invited to participate in the study. Families were invited to participate only once, on the first contact with any eligible child, using approved procedures. Of 2006 eligible families, 1886 (94%) chose to participate. Main Outcome Measure The outcome variable for these analyses is the identification of any behavioral, emotional, or developmental problem by the pediatrician on the 13-category checklist. Overall, pediatric clinicians identified 27.5% of children with 1 or more psychosocial problems. Results Our data suggest that there is a great deal of discrepancy between what parents report is appropriate to do when their children have psychosocial problems and what they actually do when they recognize such problems in their children. Most (81.1%) believed it was appropriate to discuss 4 or more of the 6 hypothetical situations with their children's physician, while only 40.9% actually did discuss any of these problems with a physician when a problem occurred. Given the correlates of parents who intended to discuss such problems (higher education, older age, Euro-American ethnicity, higher income, married, availability of medical insurance) the possibility that parents are providing socially acceptable responses to such questions seems likely. Further, our data indicate that parents' actual reports of discussions of psychosocial problems is unrelated to whether physicians identified those problems in children. Conclusions Pediatricians' judgments about the presence of psychosocial problems in their young patients seem to be based on their own observations rather than on what parents report. Physician-parent communication about psychosocial problems will be increasingly important as primary care physicians assume their role as gatekeepers to more expensive services such as mental health interventions.
Attitude of speaker toward audience: A significant concept for contemporary rhetorical theory and criticism

One assumption held by various contemporary rhetorical and communication theorists is that there are desirable and undesirable, ethical and unethical, attitudes which speakers hold toward receivers in any rhetorical transaction. The author examines the views of some of these theorists concerning the nature and significance of speaker toward audience.
The Trials and Tribulations of Racialized Critical Rhetorical Theory: Understanding the Rhetorical Ambiguities of Proposition 187

This essay explores the role that race plays in rhetorical theorizing. Linking the literature in critical race theory (CRT), critical rhetoric, and vernacular criticism, the essay examines the case of Proposition 187 for the ways in which race was deployed and occluded. The essay demonstrates that rhetoricians can and should systematically assess racial dimensions in communicative practices. Such a rhetorical turn emphasizes race as part of historical, legal, political, and cultural discourses. The authors build a case for a racialized critical rhetorical theorizing (RCRT).
Mortality of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae in Bovine Dung Supplemented with Loline Alkaloids from Tall Fescue

Larvae of arthropod ectoparasites of livestock, such as the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), may be exposed to acyl-loline alkaloids in dung of ruminant livestock ingesting herbage of the tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-endophyte association [Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones & W. Gams) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin comb. nov.]. Biological activity of alkaloid-supplemented bovine dung was assayed by growth, development, and survival of 1st instars of horn fly. An extract from tall fescue seed, containing N-formyl loline (NFL), N-acetyl loline (NAL), and loline (59:21:20 by mass, respectively) caused 100% mortality of horn fly larvae when dung was supplemented at > or = 100 micrograms/g. Probit analysis of data corrected for natural mortality indicated a LD50 of 30 micrograms/g (95% fidicial limits: 20-49 micrograms/g). When horn fly larvae were introduced to dung supplemented with up to 50 microM of acyl-loline derivatives, mortality of larvae varied significantly between alkaloids (P < 0.0001). Probit analysis indicated that NFL [LD50: 34 microM (95% fidicial limits: 3-53 microM)] was more toxic than NAL [LD50: 46 microM (0-83 microM)], and that loline hydrochloride was not toxic.
Physical studies on DNA from "primitive" eucaryotes.

AbstractINTRODUCTIONStudies carried out over the years on bacteria and higher eucaryotes show several major differences between the two types of organisms in the nature of the DNA and chromosomes. Some of the differences are1. The existence of a large percentage of interspersed, repetitive sequences in higher eucaryotes but not in bacteria.2. The existence of chromatin containing large amounts of basic (histone) and nonhistone chromosomal proteins in higher eucaryotes but not in bacteria.3. Bidirectional DNA replication from many initiation sites found in higher eucaryotes as compared to the single initiation site found in bacteria.
An Update on Advance Directives in the Medical Record: Findings from 1186 Consecutive Patients with Unresectable Exocrine Pancreas Cancer

Background The Terri Schiavo case and other recent events underscore the importance of advance directives. Yet, in the past, only a small subgroup has utilized them. This study from a large tertiary medical center was undertaken to assess current rates of advance directives among patients with incurable pancreas cancer.
Risk Acceptance Personality Paradigm: How We View What We Don't Know We Don't Know

The purpose of integrated hazard analyses, probabilistic risk assessments, failure modes and effects analyses, fault trees and many other similar tools is to give managers of a program some idea of the risks associated with their program. All risk tools establish a set of undesired events and then try to evaluate the risk to the program by assessing the severity of the undesired event and the likelihood of that event occurring. Some tools provide qualitative results, some provide quantitative results and some do both. However, in the end the program manager and his/her team must decide which risks are acceptable and which are not. Even with a wide array of analysis tools available, risk acceptance is often a controversial and difficult decision making process. And yet, today's space exploration programs are moving toward more risk based design approaches. Thus, risk identification and good risk assessment is becoming even more vital to the engineering development process. This paper explores how known and unknown information influences risk-based decisions by looking at how the various parts of our personalities are affected by what they know and what they don't know. This paper then offers some criteria for consideration when making risk-based decisions.
Treatment of acute ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity.

Abstract Although the number of cases reported is small and ours are clinical observations only, we are of the opinion that 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone ointment has a definite value in treating acute inflammatory lesions of the oral cavity. Our patients experienced relief from pain in a very short time following treatment. In our opinion, the lesions healed more rapidly when treated with 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone than when treated by other methods or when given no treatment.
Effects of oral agents on pancreatic duct permeability. A model of acute alcoholic pancreatitis.

The main pancreatic duct can be made permable to molecules of up to 20,000 daltons by oral pretreatment with aspirin and ethanol. Because pancreatic enzymes have similar molecular weights, we hypothesized that activated pancreatic enzymes would leak from a permeable duct ethanol, or aspirin and ethanol for 48 hr. Then pancreatic juice (either activated by enterokinase or nonactivated) was perfused along the duct from tail to duodenum. Twently-four hours later the animals were examined. Animals pretreated with aspirin, ethanol, or both, and in which ducts were perfused with activated juice, developed acute edematous pancreatitis. Animals that had perfusion with nonactivated enzymes had pancreases indistinguishable from control animals. Morphological studies on ductal permeability in animals pretreated with ethanol and aspirin showed electron-dense material (believed to be dextran) between the basal plasma membrane and basal lamina, and in the basal intercellular space.
Differential roles of hippocampal metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 in inhibitory avoidance learning.

Abstract Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1 and 5) have been implicated in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. However, much of our understanding of how these receptors in different brain regions contribute to distinct memory stages in different learning tasks remains incomplete. The present study investigated the effects of the mGlu5 receptor antagonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP), and mGlu1 receptor antagonist, ( S )-(+)-α-amino-4-carboxy-2-methylbenzene-acetic acid (LY 367385) in the dorsal hippocampus on the consolidation and extinction of memory for inhibitory avoidance learning. Male, Sprague–Dawley rats were trained in a single-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task. MPEP, LY 367385 or saline were infused bilaterally into the CA1 region immediately after training or immediately after the first retention test which was given 24 h after training. Rats receiving MPEP (1.5 or 5.0 μg/side) or LY 367385 (0.7 or 2.0 μg/side) infusion exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in retention when tested 24 h later. MPEP was ineffective while LY 367385 significantly attenuated extinction when injected after the first retention test using an extinction procedure. These findings indicate a selective participation of hippocampal group I mGlu receptors in memory processing in this task.
Moral Judgment as a Predictor of Enjoyment of Crime Drama

The goal of the study is to better understand the relationship between factors involved in moral judgment of entertainment and the enjoyment of crime drama. After completing numerous social-justice measures, the 139 participants viewed one of two clips from a crime-punishment movie and then responded to survey items regarding their enjoyment of the clip. The clips differed in the type of crime presented. It was predicted that the different crimes would elicit different levels of moral judgment about the punishments for those crimes, which would then impact enjoyment. Although the levels of enjoyment reported for the two clips were similar, enjoyment was predicted by different factors of moral judgment in each condition, as predicted. The results lend further support to disposition theory and the integrated model of crime-drama enjoyment, as well as identify factors of moral reasoning that consistently serve as predictors of crime-drama enjoyment.