cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Latin America’s New Left and the Politics of Gender

The majority of Latin Americans now live in countries that are governed by democratically elected governments on the political left, which is unprecedented in that region. This book analyzes this occurrence by asking a question that up until now has been largely ignored in the literature on the contemporary Latin American left: to what extent have these governments governed with, and promoting the interests of, the women’s movements that are an important part of their base of support? This question is examined by focusing on a critical case that is rarely analyzed in the literature on the new Latin American left, the case of Nicaragua. The broader implications for Latin America will be shown, making this book of interest to researchers and graduate students in Latin American studies as well as gender studies and political science.
What growth sounds like: Redemption, self-improvement, and eudaimonic growth across different life narratives in relation to well-being.

OBJECTIVE We disentangled three growth-relevant concepts (redemption, self-improvement, and eudaimonic growth) in personal narratives of high, low, and turning points and tested their relations to well-being. METHOD In two studies, participants (Study 1 n = 111, Study 2 n = 206; overall ages 17-83, 56% women, 75% white) wrote narratives of high points, low points, and turning points. Researchers coded each narrative for redemption sequences (i.e., affectively valenced changes in life from bad to good), self-improvement sequences (i.e., affectively valenced changes in oneself for the better), and themes of eudaimonic growth (i.e., values or motives for cultivating meaningful activities or relationships, helping others, or wisdom). Participants also self-reported well-being. RESULTS Redemption sequences in low points predicted higher well-being but in high points predicted lower well-being. Self-improvement sequences and growth themes each predicted higher well-being in each life event (and interacted in high points). Growth themes consistently mediated predicted relations between both redemption and self-improvement sequences and well-being. Findings held when controlling for global narrative affect, self-reported growth motivation, and big-five traits. CONCLUSIONS Thematic motives for eudaimonic growth were more closely tied to well-being than were affective evaluations of either changes from bad to good (redemption) or one's becoming better (self-improvement).
Effects of metal oxide surface doping with phosphonic acid monolayers on alcohol dehydration activity and selectivity

Abstract Controlling the near-surface environment of heterogeneous catalysts is of fundamental importance for high selectivity and activity. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are effective tools to control reaction selectivity and activity for both supported noble metal and metal oxide catalysts. We previously demonstrated tunable dehydration activity of alcohols on phosphonic acid-modified, anatase-phase TiO2. In this work, we investigated the generality of this approach by studying the modification of other metal oxides including Al2O3, CeO2, CuO, Fe2O3, MgO, rutile-TiO2, SnO2, V2O5, WO3, ZrO2, and ZnO. Modification of these materials with phosphonic acids results in the formation of SAMs on the surface, as determined by infrared spectroscopy; studies of the thermal stability on selected catalysts indicated that the SAMs remained intact up to approximately 400 °C in inert environments. Decomposition of alcohols on these native materials resulted in dehydration, dehydrogenation, and condensation. Upon functionalization with phosphonic acid modifiers, the activity of all pathways decreased significantly, except for dehydration on CeO2, anatase-TiO2, and SnO2. We explored the properties of these oxides that may be responsible for this increase in dehydration activity using correlations to bulk properties. This analysis supported the hypothesis that phosphonic acid monolayers act as surface-level dopants for metal oxides of specific metal-oxygen bond strength and oxidation state.
Identification and Frequencies of Endophytic Microbes within Healthy Grape Berries

Intact, healthy grape berries were sampled from vineyards in the states of Washington and New York; in Tasmania, Australia; and from bunches of table grapes exported from Chile that were purchased on two occasions in a United States supermarket. Endophytic microbes were isolated on media conducive to fungi or bacteria and subsequently identified by Illumina sequencing of their DNA. Species of the yeast genera Metschnikowia, Pichia, and Hanseniaspora were recovered from every set of samples, as were species of the bacterial genera Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Acetobacter, and Gluconobacter. Multiple other fungal and bacterial species were recovered less often. When quantified for the Washington samples and one set from the supermarket, non-Saccharomyces yeast species represented the vast majority of fungal identifications, while the distribution of various bacterial species varied widely between and within the two sources. The endophytic presence of these microbes within grape berries has implications with respect not only to the potential development of sour rot, but also to the broader concept of microbial terroir in wine quality.
Continued increase in prevalence of r-type opacities among underground coal miners in the USA

Introduction Respirable crystalline silica exposure has been implicated in the resurgence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) in the USA. A 2010 report found an increasing prevalence of r-type opacities, which are associated with silicosis lung pathology, on the radiographs of working underground coal miners in central Appalachia. This analysis updates that report by assessing the prevalence of r-type opacities during 2010–2018 compared with earlier decades. Methods Data from the Coal Workers’ Health Surveillance Program were used to calculate the prevalence of r-type opacities on radiographs of working underground coal miners. The data were restricted to radiographs taken during 1 January 1980 to 15 September 2018. The presence of r-type opacities was defined as an r-type classification for either the primary or secondary shape/size of small opacities. Prevalence ratios for r-type opacities were calculated using log binomial regression. Results Radiograph classifications for 106 506 miners were included in analysis. For the USA overall, the prevalence of r-type opacities among miners with radiographs taken during 2010–2018 compared with 1980–1989 has increased (PR 2.4; 95% CI 1.9 to 3.0). For central Appalachia, the proportion of r-type opacities observed increased when comparing 1980–1989 to 2010–2018 (PR 6.0; 95% CI 4.6 to 7.9). Conclusions The prevalence of r-type opacities on the radiographs of Appalachian underground coal miners continues to increase, implicating exposure to crystalline silica in respirable coal mine dust. The current findings underscore the importance of monitoring and controlling exposure to silica in coal mines.
Infection of the Native California Grass, Bromus carinatus, by Fusarium circinatum, the Cause of Pitch Canker in Pines

At Point Reyes National Seashore in California, Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker in pines, was isolated from Pinus muricata, the California native grass, Bromus carinatus, and the introduced grass, Holcus lanatus. All grass plants from which F. circinatum was isolated were symptomless. Pathogenicity of grass isolates was confirmed by inoculation of P. radiata trees, which developed symptoms similar to trees inoculated with a pine isolate of F. circinatum. Isolates from grasses were somatically compatible with isolates recovered from symptomatic pines. B. carinatus grown in a growth chamber was inoculated with a green fluorescent protein-expressing strain of F. circinatum. Segments of inoculated leaves were incubated in moist chambers; after 1 to 2 days, sporulating hyphae were observed growing from leaf tissue. Spores of F. circinatum removed from B. carinatus leaves were confirmed to be fluorescent when illuminated with ultraviolet light. These results raise the possibility that B. carinatus cryptically infected by F. circinatum may be a source of propagules capable of infecting pines.
Integrated Multiport Conversion with Rotating Transformer

A mechanical uninterruptible power supply (UPS) electrical storage conversion system for single-phase residential applications that enables tight integration of storage, sources, and loads is developed and designed. The mechanical UPS, named a rotating transformer, is a permanent magnet transverse flux machine with multiple windings to support multiport conversion between AC/DC loads and sources. It is designed to mitigate second harmonic power ripple, provide voltage conversion and galvanic isolation, and supply hold-up energy. This paper focuses on the rotating transformer's electromagnetic and mechanical design. A prototype was built and preliminary results are presented.
Front-line education by infection preventionists helps reduce Clostridioides difficile infections

When implementing the latest innovations to reduce health care-associated infections, it is important not to overlook basic infection prevention principles such as hand hygiene, isolation precautions, use of personal protective equipment, and cleaning and low-level disinfection. Like many facilities, we implemented a multifaceted approach to reduce hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infections. In this paper, we share simple tools that we found helpful in improving infection prevention practices by addressing knowledge gaps among staff, visitors, and patients.
Neonatal Pig Sertoli Cells Survive Xenotransplantation by Creating an Immune Modulatory Environment Involving CD4 and CD8 Regulatory T Cells.

The acute cell-mediated immune response presents a significant barrier to xenotransplantation. Immune-privileged Sertoli cells (SC) can prolong the survival of co-transplanted cells including xenog...
Blending kinematic and software models for tighter reachability analysis

Reachable sets are critical for path planning and navigation of mobile autonomous systems. Traditionally, these sets are computed using system models instantiated with their physical bounds. This exclusive focus on the physical bounds belies the fact that these systems are increasingly driven by sophisticated software components that can also bound the variables in the system models. This work explores the degree to which bounds manifested in the software can affect the computation of reachable sets, introduces an analysis approach to discover such bounds in code, and illustrates the potential of that approach on two systems. The preliminary results reveal that taking into consideration software bounds can reduce traditionally computed reachable sets by up to 91%. CCS CONCEPTS • Computer systems organization → Robotics; • Software and its engineering → Software performance; Automated static analysis.
National Trends in Lumbar Puncture from 2010 to 2018: A Shift Reversal from the Emergency Department to the Hospital Setting for Radiologists and Advanced Practice Providers.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prior research has shown substantial shifts in procedure shares between specialty groups providing lumbar punctures. Our aim was to analyze national trends in lumbar punctures among the Medicare population from 2010 to 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medicare Part B Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Master Files from 2010 to 2018 were analyzed for all Current Procedural Terminology, Version 4 codes related to lumbar punctures (62270 and 62272). Lumbar puncture procedure volume and utilization rates were assessed and stratified by place of service and specialty background of the providers. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2018, the overall number of lumbar puncture procedures essentially has not changed (92,579 versus 92,533). Radiologists hold the largest and an increasing procedure share of diagnostic and overall lumbar punctures (overall share, 45.7% in 2010 [n = 42,296] versus 52.3% in 2018 [n = 48,414]). Advanced practice providers have increased their procedure share (3.7% in 2010 [n = 3388] versus 8.4% in 2018 [n = 7785], + 129.8% procedure volume). Emergency medicine physicians and neurologists have a decreasing procedure share (21.8% versus 15.3% and 12.5% versus 8.8%, respectively). The inpatient hospital setting remains the largest place of service for lumbar punctures, recording a 5.3% increase in procedure share. The emergency department lumbar puncture volume has declined, with a 7.4% decrease in the overall procedure share. Similarly, the hospital outpatient department procedure volume has increased (+4%), while the private office volume has decreased (–1.7%). CONCLUSIONS: During the past decade, lumbar puncture procedures among the Medicare population have remained stable, with a shift in procedure volume from the emergency department and private offices to the hospital setting, which has mainly affected radiologists and advanced practice providers.
Sequelae of Anticoagulant Therapy in a Patient with History of Pulmonary Malignancy: A Case Report.

Author(s): Gilsdorf, Christopher B.; Davis, Hillary E. | Abstract: Introduction: In patients with known malignancy and possible intracranial metastatic disease who are receiving treatment with therapeutic anticoagulation, limited data exist regarding risk of intracranial bleeding.Case Report: We present a case of a 64-year-old female with known lung malignancy, evidence of possible metastatic disease, and bilateral deep vein thrombosis, who suffered severe intracranial hemorrhage following initiation of therapeutic anticoagulation. Current guidelines, available risk- stratification tools, and treatment options with their risks are discussed.Conclusion: In patients with known or suspected intracranial metastatic disease, clinical decision tools can assist both the clinician and the patient in weighing risks and benefits of anticoagulation.
Rule 3, the Enabling Act, and Statutes of Limitations

Rule 3 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure appears to be a model of simplicity and clarity. It describes the process for commencement of a civil action, and in defining “commencement” appears to provide guidance on how to begin an action which complies with a statute of limitations. As a result of the decision in Walker v. Armco Steel Corp., that appearance is misleading regarding state statutes of limitations applicable in federal court actions brought on the basis of diversity of citizenship jurisdiction. There, the Court made reference only to state statutes of limitations, and expressly avoided deciding the role of Rule 3 with respect to federal statutes of limitations. It is difficult, however, to perceive any basis in the language of Rule 3 or in the reasoning of the Court for concluding that the role of the Rule would change according to the nature of the authority enacting the statute of limitations. Because Rule 3 provides litigants with inaccurate information pertaining to a crucial step in the process of adjudication, it should be amended. When the deceptive appearance of simplicity fostered by Rule 3 is peeled away, one discovers a clutter of troublesome constitutional, statutory, and federalism problems that cannot be easily swept aside. Nothing beyond inertia justifies continuing the trap inherent in the present existence of Rule 3. This Rule should be changed so that it, like the other Rules, may be construed to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action on the merits.
Nonlocally Linear Manifolds and Orbifolds

A topological manifold is, by definition, a Hausdorff topological space where each point has a neighborhood homeomorphic to Euclidean space. The geometrical topology of manifolds is a beautiful chapter in mathematics, and a great deal is now known about both the internal structure of manifolds (transversality, isotopy theorems, local contractibility, surgery theory, etc.) and their classification (cobordism theory, surgery theory, etc.). The subject that I would like to explore is the extension of this picture to a larger class of intrinsically interesting spaces (finite-dimensional ANR homology manifolds). Part of our exploration is motivated by an analogy between homology manifolds and orbifolds, that is, spaces that are modeled not on Euclidean space, but rather on the quotients of representation spaces by their finite linear actions.
Continuum-based stability of anisotropic and auxetic beams

Abstract The critical buckling loads of pinned-pinned and cantilever beams are computed using the equations of three-dimensional elasticity rather than typical beam theories. These loads are influenced both by the nature of the assumed displacement field over the beam cross-section and by the inclusion of the terms from the full constitutive tensor. Of special interest are beams that are either anisotropic or auxetic. For anisotropic beams, an increased ratio of longitudinal to shear modulus for cantilevered beams increases the generation of shear buckling rather than flexural buckling. For isotropic auxetic beams, the values of Poisson ratio that define the limit between buckling loads that approach the classical buckling load from above or below are discussed.
Inflammation-Associated Carcinogenesis Involves Interaction Between the iNOS/NO and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathways

Wnt/β-catenin/TCF signaling is associated with carcinogenesis, and chronic inflammation activated NF-κB plays an essential role in the initiation of a cancer. Recent evidence shows that NF-κB constitutive activation synergizes with Wnt signaling. iNOS/NO signaling causes APC loss of heterozygosity and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which contributes to oncogenic initiation and cancer development. In this chapter, we focus on the molecular interactions between iNOS and Wnt/β-catenin signaling for carcinogenesis. iNOS is induced in chronic inflammation by cytokines mainly through the NF-κB and STAT transcription pathways. The iNOS/NO signaling exerts key roles in driving carcinogenesis mediated by Wnt/β-catenin. iNOS/NO induces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and can cause APC or β-catenin mutation, resulting in β-catenin accumulation. However, chemical or genetic inhibition of iNOS can decrease Wnt/β-catenin signaling and carcinogenesis. At least three pathways are established for the interaction between iNOS and Wnt signaling: (1) a positive feedback loop established by iNOS causing APC or β-catenin mutation via reactive species, and by Wnt targeting iNOS gene expression; (2) a negative feedback mechanism between Wnt and Dickkofp-1 (DKK1) where iNOS inhibits DKK1 gene expression; and (3) cross-regulation between NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways mainly through iNOS/NO generating reactive species which induce β-catenin activation. We conclude that the iNOS/NO signaling plays a central role in the interaction between NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways that regulate inflammation-associated carcinogenesis .
Countertrade as a Reaction to Lack of Liquidity

This research-in-progress is about one of the most prevalent forms of countertrade, a phenomenon which has received considerable attention in recent years. The review of the relevant literature is presented in terms of a theoretical framework similar to the one developed by Verzariu (1987). In so doing, the paper attempts to point out clearly the gaps in the literature. Since there are important differences among various forms of countertrade each countertrade deal should be examined individually (Hennart, 1990). This study singles out “international barter” as the form of countertrade to be investigated. Among the motivations for international barter, perhaps the most frequently mentioned is the lack of liquidity: “When the money game is impossible, countertrade remains the only game in town” (Samonis, 1990 p.121).
1,1-Diphenylcyclopropane

1,1-Diphenylcyclopropane intermediate: β-phenylcinnamic acid product: diphenylcyclopropane R = C6H5, R′ = CH3 Ar = C6H5 R = R′ = CH3 Ar = m-CF3C6H4 R = R′ = CH3 Ar = C6H5 R = R′ = H Ar = C6H5a R = R′ = CH3 Ar = 3,4-Cl2C6H3 Keywords: annulation, carbocyclic-[3]; condensation, carbonyl-ylide condensation; condensation, carbonyl-ylide condensation; cyclization, cycloaddition; reduction, miscellaneous; tetrahydrofuran
Correlation of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer maps with visual fields in nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy.

Background and objective To correlate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) loss and visual field defects in nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Patients and methods Patients with NAION and control subjects were enrolled in a case-control study. Participants were scanned with a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Peripapillary NFL thickness was averaged in hemispheric, quadrant, and octant divisions. Standard achromatic static perimetry was used to assess visual fields. Results The reproducibility of peripapillary NFL parameters was excellent in both the healthy and NAION groups. Eyes in the NAION group showed a significant decrease of peripapillary NFL thickness in terms of the overall average, all quadrant averages, and all octants. There were statistically significant correlations between the peripapillary NFL and visual fields in terms of both overall averages and superior-inferior differences. Conclusion In NAION, the visual field and peripapillary NFL losses are correlated in both severity and location. Fourier domain OCT provides reproducible measurement of the peripapillary NFL and may be useful in the assessment of NAION.
Defensive Gun Uses: New Evidence from a National Survey

The number of civilian defensive gun uses (DGUs) against criminal attackers is regularly invoked in public policy debates as a benefit of widespread private ownership of firearms. Yet there is considerable uncertainty for the prevalence of civilian DGUs, with estimates ranging from 108,000 (using the National Crime Victimization Survey) to 2.5 million (using smaller telephone surveys) per year. In this paper we analyze the results of a new national random-digit-dial telephone survey to estimate the prevalence of DGU and then discuss the plausibility of the results in light of other well-known facts and possible sources of bias in survey data for sensitive behaviors. Because DGU is a relatively rare event by any measure, a small proportion of respondents who falsely report a gun use can produce substantial overestimates of the prevalence of DGU, even if every true defensive gun user conceals his or her use. We find that estimates from this new survey are apparently subject to a large positive bias, which calls into question the accuracy of DGU estimates based on data from general-population surveys. Our analysis also suggests that available survey data are not able to determine whether reported DGU incidents, even if true, add to or detract from public health and safety.
Trying Saddam Hussein: Teaching International Law Through an Undergraduate Mock Trial

Efforts to enhance the quality of teaching and better engage undergraduate students have resulted in a noticeable shift toward active and problem-based learning techniques. This essay examines a multi-week, in-depth simulation designed for my upper-division international law course in which students assumed roles in a mock war crimes trial of former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. It seeks to accomplish three goals. First, I wish to provide ideas for those interested in moving away from lecture-oriented teaching techniques and toward a more interactive, hands-on experience for their students by outlining an example of a successful, undergraduate mock trial. Second, I hope to make the case that mock trial exercises are especially suited for the international law classroom. Finally, the essay provides practical advice to instructors by exploring a number of issues involved in designing, running, and assessing a mock trial.
Exposure to bisphenol A modulates hormone concentrations in Gammarus pseudolimnaeus

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound that can enter aquatic systems through landfill leachate or wastewater effluent. Although impacts of BPA on vertebrates are well documented, it...
Internal iliac artery ligation: Aortograms

Abstract Observation of serial aortograms indicated there were three principal collateral circulations after internal iliac artery ligation: the lumbar-iliolumbar, middle sacral-lateral sacral, and superior hemorrhoidal-middle hemorrhoidal. However, the hemorrhoidal arteries functioned as a collateral circulation only if the posterior division of the internal iliac was also ligated. In each instance, the direction of blood flow was reversed in the distal artery. Collateral circulation functioned immediately and did not increase with time. There was no recanalization of the internal iliac artery in any of the patients. Decreased pulse pressure, the basic hemostatic effect of internal iliac artery ligation, is due to the small diameter of the vessels in the three pairs of anastomoses.
Synthesis of cetuximab-immunoliposomes via a cholesterol-based membrane anchor for targeting of EGFR.

The objective of the present study was to construct epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting cetuximab-immunoliposomes (ILs) for targeted delivery of boron compounds to EGFR(+) glioma cells for neutron capture therapy. The ILs were synthesized by using a novel cholesterol-based membrane anchor, maleimido-PEG-cholesterol (Mal-PEG-Chol), to incorporate cetuximab into liposomes by either surface conjugation or a post-insertion method. For post-insertion, the transfer efficiency of MAb conjugates from micelles to liposome was examined at varying temperatures, mPEG2000-DSPE ratios, and micelle-to-liposome lipid ratios. Following this, the cetuximab-ILs were evaluated for targeted delivery of the encapsulated boron anion, dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate (2−) (B12H122-), to human EGFR gene transfected F98EGFR glioma cells as potential delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In addition, cellular uptake of cetuximab-ILs, encapsulating a fluorescence dye, was analyzed by confocal fluoresc...
The Role of the New β-Blockers in Treating Cardiovascular Disease

The beta-adrenergic receptor blockers play an important role in the management of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension and chronic heart failure. However, concerns regarding safety and tolerability with currently available agents can limit their use. The beta-blockers vary with regard to several pharmacologic properties, including beta1/beta2 selectivity, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and, with the newest beta-blockers, vasodilation. These pharmacologic differences may result in clinically important differences in tolerability and hemodynamic properties. Nebivolol is a novel beta-blocker with both a greater degree of selectivity for beta1-adrenergic receptors than other agents in this class and an ability to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide production, leading to vasodilation and other potential clinical effects. Published randomized, controlled, multicenter studies with nebivolol have shown that once-daily treatment significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, compared with placebo, in a dose-dependent manner, and is well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to that of placebo. When compared with other beta-blockers as well as with other antihypertensive classes of agents in head-to-head trials, nebivolol demonstrated similar antihypertensive efficacy and a lower incidence of adverse events. Nebivolol has also been shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in a large population of elderly patients with chronic heart failure, independent of left ventricular ejection fraction. Nebivolol is currently available in Europe for the management of hypertension and is expected to be available soon in the United States.
Piloting PlayWrite: Feasibility and Efficacy of a Playwriting Intervention for At-Risk Adolescents

At-risk, disadvantaged, and marginalized youth are seldom afforded avenues for healthy self-expression—which, in turn, may further increase risk. Interventions using the arts are often proposed but are seldom formally evaluated. In the present pilot study, we evaluated a brief intensive intervention in which at-risk adolescents partner with professional coaches to write their own play, which is then performed before a live audience. Positive intervention effects were found in decreased hyperactivity/inattention, decreased anhedonia, and improved anger inhibition/suppression. These promising preliminary findings indicate that further study of this type of intervention is warranted.
Impaired receptor binding and activation associated with a human prostacyclin receptor polymorphism.

Abstract The human prostacyclin receptor (hIP) is a seven transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. Recent genetic analyses (SNP database, NCBI) have revealed the first two polymorphisms within the coding sequence, V25M and R212H. Here we present structure-function characterizations of these polymorphisms at physiological pH (7.4) and at an acidic pH (6.8) that would be encountered during stress such as renal, respiratory, or heart failure. Through a series of competition binding and G-protein activation assays (measured by cAMP production), we determined that the V25M polymorph exhibited agonist binding and G-protein activation similar to wild-type receptor at normal pH (7.4). However, the R212H variant demonstrated a significant decrease in binding affinity at lower pH (R212H at pH 7.4,K i = 2.2 ± 1.2 nm; pH 6.8K i = 45.6 ± 12.0 nm). The R212H polymorph also exhibited abnormal activation at both pH 7.4 and pH 6.8 (pH 7.4, R212H EC50 = 2.8 ± 0.5 nm versus wild-type hIP EC50 = 0.5 ± 0.1 nm; pH 6.8, R212H EC50 = 3.2 ± 1.6 nm versus wild-type hIP EC50 = 0.5 ± 0.2 nm). Polymorphisms of the human prostacyclin receptor potentially may be important predictors of disease progress during biological stressors such as acidosis in which urgent correction of bodily pH may be required to restore normal hemostasis and vasodilation. This study provides the mechanistic basis for further research into genetic risk factors and pharmacogenetics of cardiovascular disease associated with hIP.
Block synchronization for quantum information

Locating the boundaries of consecutive blocks of quantum information is a fundamental building block for advanced quantum computation and quantum communication systems. We develop a coding theoretic method for properly locating boundaries of quantum information without relying on external synchronization when block synchronization is lost. The method also protects qubits from decoherence in a manner similar to conventional quantum error-correcting codes, seamlessly achieving synchronization recovery and error correction. A family of quantum codes that are simultaneously synchronizable and error-correcting is given through this approach.
Port geometry effects on thrust reverser static performance

An investigation has been conducted to provide some insight into the effect of several geometric parameters on the internal performance of thrust reverser ports for nonaxisymmetric nozzles using a single port test apparatus. This test apparatus simulates thrust reversal (conceptually) which would occur in the convergent section of the forward flight nozzle or in the constant area duct just upstream. The port opening had an aspect ratio of 6.1 (throat width/throat height) and had constant passage area from the geometric throat to the exit. The geometric parameters investigated were port angle, port corner radius, port location, and flow blocker angle. The apparatus had a single port so that thrust (vector) angle could be obtained from force balance measurements. The tests were conducted in the Static Test Stand of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel at nozzle pressure ratios from 1.5 to 8.0 using high pressure air for propulsion simulation. Port angles (measured forward from a horizontal reference line) investigated were 75, 90, 120 and 135 deg. Sharp and rounded port corners were investigated for each port angle. Discharge coefficient, thrust ratio, and passage static pressures were measured.
Rapid empirical discovery of optimal peptides for targeted proteomics

We report a method for high-throughput, cost-efficient empirical discovery of optimal proteotypic peptides and fragment ions for targeted proteomics applications using in vitro-synthesized proteins. We demonstrate the approach using human transcription factors, which are typically difficult, low-abundance targets and empirically derived proteotypic peptides for 98% of the target proteins. We show that targeted proteomic assays developed using our approach facilitate robust in vivo quantification of human transcription factors.
Presence of multiple forms of peptidase inhibitors in rat milk.

Peptides such as somatostatin (SS14), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-a (TGF α ), and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) are present in breast milk from various species, and their significance in the developing gastrointestinal tract has been suggested. Our recent studies have indicated that rat milk soluble fraction (RMSF) protects SS14 in the gastrointestinal lumen by inhibiting in vitro the luminal peptidolysis. In the present studies, we have shown that RMSF inhibited in vitro degradation by midjejunal luminal flushings of suckling rats of 125 I-labeled somatostatin 14[Tyr 11 ], EGF, TGF α , IGF-I and IGF-II, as well as trypsin activity in vitro against benzoyl-L-arginyl-p-nitroanilide
Composition of proteoglycans in cartilages of gunn rats

Abstract The ability of homozygous Gunn rats to conjugate trimethylacetic acid with glucuronic acid was significantly reduced from that of the heterozygous Gunn rats. This was interpreted as indicative of a reduced glucuronosyl transferase activity in the livers of the homozygous rats. However, the glucuronosyl transferase which promote the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate chains in cartilages are apparently unaffected. Proteoglycans extracted from costal, tracheal and xiphoid cartilages of homozygous rats were indistinguishable from the proteoglycans isolated from the same cartilages of heterozygous rats. Indeed, the chondroitin sulfate chains from the cartilages of the homozygous rats were of the same size as those from the cartilages of the heterozygous rats. Comparison of the data obtained in this study with similar data on proteoglycans from bovine nasal septal cartilage revealed that the rat proteoglycan monomers were smaller than the bovine proteoglycan monomers. In addition, the protein cores of the rat proteoglycans had less histidine, arginine, proline, tyrosine, and phenylalanine and more serine and glycine residues than the protein core of the proteoglycan from bovine nasal septal cartilage.
Effect of air and oxygen content on the dielectric barrier discharge decomposition of chlorobenzene

Experiments were performed on the plasma-assisted decomposition of dilute concentrations of chlorobenzene in air/oxygen and argon/oxygen gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure using a coaxial geometry single dielectric barrier discharge for different oxygen concentrations and energy densities. The results show that the decomposition process requires higher energy densities using air mixtures compared to argon/oxygen mixtures and is not linearly dependent on the oxygen content for a given energy density. The main decomposition products detected in the offgas were carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
1.55 μm GaSb/AlGaSb MQW diode lasers grown on GaAs substrates using interfacial misfit (IMF) arrays

We report a GaSb/AlGaSb multi-quantum well diode laser emitting at 1550 nm at 77 K. The laser is grown directly on a GaAs substrate using interfacial misfit (IMF) arrays rather than thick metamorphic buffer layers.
Natural language query processing in a temporal database

Abstract This paper addresses some of the issues that arise in representing temporal information in the database context. It deals not only with the explicit representation of temporal information but with mechanisms for reasoning with it as well. It addresses the issue of processing natural language queries with explicit temporal references. The three issues of knowledge representation, natural language processing and query processing are addressed using the axiomatic framework based on equational logic.
Self-locking Optoelectronic Tweezers for micro-particle manipulation

We presented a novel Self-Locking Optoelectronic Tweezers (SLOT) for micro-particle manipulation. DEP force generated from ring-shape electrodes is utilized for micro-particle self-locking followed by selectively single particle releasing with lateral phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers. Single particle locking and releasing function were demonstrated.
Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: how firm age and size affect the ‘capability enhancement–SME performance’ relationship

The entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities literature adds to our understanding of how strategic change can drive firm performance. We draw on a recent survey of US SMEs to determine whether entrepreneurial ventures have dynamic capabilities, and, if so, whether differences in the characteristics of those ventures lead to differences in how dynamic capabilities benefit firm performance. We find that most entrepreneurial ventures report having such capabilities and that their differences in age and size lead to differences in how dynamic capabilities affect firm performance. We consider how these results redefine the overlap of the dynamic capabilities view literature with the entrepreneurship literature, because the redeployment of resources to create and adapt to opportunities that defines what are dynamic capabilities lies at the core of what is entrepreneurial activity.
Measurement of ammonia and glutamine in cell culture media by gas sensing electrodes

This paper describes the use of a commercially available off-line gas sensing electrode for determination of ammonia and glutamine in cell culture media. The measurement technique was tested in different media preparations with different serum concentrations. The glutamine decomposition was studied as a function of pH for cell culture medium and the results were compared to those obtained by conventional methods,i.e., HPLC. Finally, glutamine and ammonia metabolism were studied during the cultivation of a hybridoma cell line.
Developments in diagnosis and classification of venous disorders: non-invasive diagnosis.

Abstract Purpose: This review examines the many techniques that have been used for the non-invasive diagnosis of acute and chronic venous disease and was conducted by members of the Committee on Research of the American Venous Forum. It proposes to identify those techniques with the greatest clinical potential, to suggest algorithms for the clinical application of non-invasive techniques in the identification of acute deep venous thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency, and to identify areas of deficient knowledge and potential areas for future research initiatives. Methods: Review of pertinent clinical and research material. Results: Impedance plethysmography and ultrasonic imaging are the primary non-invasive tools used in the diagnosis of acute deep venous thrombosis. At present, ultrasonic imaging techniques are recommended on the basis of greater diagnostic accuracy in recent comparative clinical trials. Data would suggest that serial evaluation should probably be viewed as the preferred option for symptomatic patients with a negative initial examination and the presence of risk factors or physical findings suggesting a proximal deep venous obstruction/thrombosis. Chronic venous disease is the result of valvular incompetence, with or without associated venous obstruction. Duplex imaging can be used to determine the location and extent of reflux; however, there are reported procedural variations in the performance and interpretation of such studies. Recent innovations in air plethysmography may provide a means of quantifying volume changes, and permit an objective characterization of venous reflux and calf pump efficiency. Conclusions: There are still significant questions that need to be answered by well-designed research initiatives. Research applications that incorporate non-invasive diagnostic techniques may involve the diagnosis, treatment and natural history of acute deep venous obstruction/thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency, assessment prior to and following venous reconstruction, and the basic science aspects of acute and chronic venous disease. At present, a lack of common standards is, by far, the greatest impediment to an organized research approach to venous disease.
Obstructive jaundice secondary to lymphoma in childhood

Abstract In children, biliary obstruction secondary to lymphoma is rare. Previous reports in adults and children suggest that these lymphomas are associated with a poor prognosis. The authors reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of 4 children treated for pancreaticobiliary lymphoma at our children's hospital over the past 10 years. All 4 presented with jaundice. Abdominal ultrasound scan and computed tomography (CT) scans were helpful in defining the anatomy of the obstruction. In the cases of involvement of the porta hepatis, the diagnosis was made by biopsy. In one child a mass was in the head of the pancreas, and evaluation of frozen section biopsy results were not diagnostic for lymphoma, and a major resection was performed. All the lymphomas were of nonHodgkin's B-cell type and one was a Burkitt's lymphoma. All responded promptly to chemotherapy. One child had a testicular relapse and currently is receiving additional therapy. Pancreaticobiliary lymphomas are an unusual cause of obstructive jaundice in children. Biopsy alone without resection or biliary drainage is recommended surgical therapy. Long-term survival rate in children with this disorder appears to be more promising than previously reported. J Pediatr Surg 36:1792-1795. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Hitler: The Abiding Enigma

Behind the Mask of Hitler. By Aytun Altindal (London: Janus Publishing Co., 2010), xiv + 230 pp. £14.95 paper. The avowed aim of this book is to cast new light on Hitler's early and private life, u...
On the kinetics of volatile loss from chondrites

Data by Lipschutz and coworkers (1975, 1976, 1977) on thermal release of Tl, Bi, and In from primitive chondrites are reexamined to obtain information on the nature and activation energy (E) of release processes: desorption, volume diffusion, and decomposition of the host phase. For the Allende C3 chondrite, the main release for Bi and Tl between 400 and 700 C is shown to be apparently due to desorption of a surface layer, coupled with grain boundary diffusion as the slow step. Further, the main release of In above 600 C and the small tails of Bi and Tl between 700 and 1000 C are observed to represent probably volume diffusion. Results for Abee and other primitive meteorites were found to be essentially similar, except for a very abrupt 500 C release of Tl from Krymka (81%) and Bi from Tieschitz (70%). It is suggested that this release may represent decomposition of a thermolabile phase in a late condensate, such as organic matter or phyllosilicates.
Wavelet coherence reveals entrainment of heart rate variability among people involved in group activities

The study of group dynamics is of primary importance in psychology and medicine because group dynamics affects the state of each member in a group. We study the RR interval time series, a heart rate measure, for a group of individuals involved in Kundalini meditation sessions. We analyze individual signals and study the wavelet coherence among the heart rate variability of different individuals. For specific activities, we found a high degree of coherence among all the people in the group. We also propose a novel method to detect temporally varying connections among the individuals based on the coherence of their heart rate.
Nucleotide sequence of 3' untranslated portion of human alpha globin mRNA

Abstract We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 75 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated portion of normal human alpha globin mRNA which corresponds to the elongated amino acid sequence of the chain termination mutant Hb Constant Spring. This was accomplished by sequence analysis of cDNA fragments obtained by restriction endonuclease or T4 endonuclease IV cleavage of human globin cDNA synthesized from globin mRNA by use of viral reverse transcriptase. Analysis of cRNA synthesized from cDNA by use of RNA polymerase provided additional confirmatory sequence information. Possible polymorphism has been identified at one site of the sequence. Our sequence overlaps with, and extends the sequence of 43 nucleotides determined by Proudfood and coworkers for the very 3'-terminal portion of human alpha globin mRNA. The complete 3'-untranslated sequence of human alpha globin mRNA (112 nucleotides including termination codon) shows little homology to that of the human or rabbit beta globin mRNAs except for the presence of the hexanucleotide sequence AAUAAA which is found in most eukaryotic mRNAs near the 3'-terminal poly (A).
Gravity surveys in the Western Transverse Range Province, Calfornia

The Transverse Range Province of California contains the major east-west trending structural features of southern California. It extends from the coast where the Santa Ynez Mountains plunge into the Pacific Ocean eastward to within fifty miles of the Colorado River. This paper briefly summarizes recent gravity work in that portion of the province west of longitude 118°30′ For the past fifty years this province has been a major region of oil and gas exploration, and production and much geophysical and geological effort has gone into unraveling its stratigraphic and structural complexities. Within the past few years the petroleum industry has conducted numerous offshore geophysical surveys, including detailed gravity work, in preparation for drilling on the federal leases that were opened in the Santa Barbara Channel in 1968.
Prolactin and ergocryptine effects on mucus glycoproteins of the rat ileum

The present work reports observations from a first study on the effect of prolactin on mucous cells of the mammalian ileum. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with prolactin or with the prolactin-inhibitor ergocryptine. Light microscopic histochemical study revealed that ergocryptine increased the number both of Alcian Blue-positive mucous cells and of the total number of mucous cells in the ileal crypts. Prolactin treatment apparently decreased the number of Alcian Blue pH 1.0-positive (sulphated glycoprotein-containing) mucous cells on the villi but was without effect on crypt cells. The implications of these observations are discussed.