cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconciling the Moral and Technical Dimensions of Teaching: Moving Beyond Notions of Good and Bad Pedagogy

This paper reports on an ethnographic exploration of the teaching style and methods of a junior high physical education instructor serving predominantly African American students in an economically disadvantaged Chicago, Illinois neighborhood. Prior to her reassignment, the instructor in question was exceptionally popular among students, despite a reputation as a strict authoritarian. Examples of classroom events and dialogue are used to illustrate the teacher's role as disciplinarian, as caring adult, and as friend to students. It is found that strict discipline was the teacher's primary means of expressing her caring for and devotion to her students. While her classroom behavior was reported to be rarely frienHly or affectionate, students found her to be warm and approachable when encountered outside the gym. It is argued that while the'teacher's emphasis on authority and regimentation over student empowerment and expression went against many currently popular models of classroom management, the importance of discipline in her curriculum was well appreciated by students and others in the community. Viewing her teaching methods within the context of a culture and community which provide students with relatively few lessons and models in self-control and discipline, her pedagogical methods when seen situationally are found to be both valid and effective. (Contains 16 references.) (PB) **********************************************************************,, Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** RECONCILING THE MORAL AND TECHNICAL DIMENSIONS OF TEACHING: MOVING BEYOND NOTIONS OF GOOD AND BAD PEDAGOGY Nicholas J. Cutforth University of Denver Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA., April 1995 Please address all correspondence to: Nicholas J. Cutforth, Assistant Professor, Curriculum and Instruction, College of Education, University of Denver, Denver, CO. 80208 Tel: (303) 871-2477; email: ncutfort@du.edu k.4 , ;j, { , F ith, BELP4 h, tif (n)( .A1!r,)NAI. 1,4 r ;-)Pm A inP4 L;ENTER E DUI. Al i()^4Al HISUL1111,f INf P
The Last Refuge of the Scoundrel: Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective

The relationship between religious and political institutions, or religious and national loyalties, is an eternally contested one. A part of the reason for this tension is ideological: most of the major world religions teach that adherents should primarily be loyal to a set of religious doctrines and/or to fellow believers or humanity in general rather than to the nation or national government. There are notable historical examples of conflict between religious and state officials, but there are as many occasions of a close link between religion and the state. To test the effect of religiosity on nationalism, we analyze data from the 57 countries of the 2005-2008 wave of the World Values Survey, a survey that includes measures of both religious commitment and national loyalty. We find that individual religiosity boosts individual nationalism, and that religious countries tend to be more nationalistic. In disprortionately religious countries, individual religiosity has a stronger effect on nationalism than in less religious states. Finally, this interaction effect is particularly strong in political democracies. These data disconfirm the theory that religion promotes a transnational identity, and confirm the view that political elites coopt religion for their political gain.
Characterization of genetic determinants for R body synthesis and assembly in Caedibacter taeniospiralis 47 and 116.

Abstract Caedibacter taeniospiralis, an obligate bacterial endosymbiont of Paramecium tetraurelia, confers a killing trait upon its host paramecium. Type 51 R bodies (refractile inclusion bodies) are synthesized by these endosymbionts and are required for expression of the killing trait. The nucleotide sequence of the genetic determinants for type 51 R body synthesis and assembly was determined for C. taeniospiralis 47 and 116. Three independently transcribed genes (rebA, rebB, and rebC) were characterized. To date these are the only genes from C. taeniospiralis to be sequenced and characterized. DNA regulatory regions are recognized by Escherichia coli, and codon usage appears similar to that in E. coli. A fourth open reading frame with appropriate regulatory sequences was found within the reb locus, but no evidence was obtained to suggest that this putative gene is expressed in E. coli. The R body-encoding sequences from both strains are identical. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of deletion derivatives shows that two polymerization events are involved in R body assembly. One polymerization event requires only RebB and RebC; the other requires all three proteins. Expression of RebC is necessary for the posttranslational modification of RebA and RebB into species with three and two different molecular weights, respectively. In the presence of RebC, each species of RebB with a different molecular weight has six different isoelectric points.
Physical Modalities in Rheumatological Rehabilitation

Physical modalities continue to be a part of the rehabilitation treatment of patients with arthritis. Databases Medline (1980-1992) and National Rehabilitation Information Center, Rehabdata (1956-1992), were searched for "arthritis" and (1) diathermy, (2) massage, (3) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), (4) hydrotherapy, (5) counter-irritants, (6) topical ointments, (7) compression gloves, (8) superficial heat, and (9) acupuncture. The results suggest that scientific publication related to the treatment of arthritis with physical modalities has been recently less frequent. The literature reviewed suggested that ablative diathermy may be fruitful for wider trials for persistently inflamed joints, and TENS and capsaicin can provide pain relief in osteoarthritis if it is possible to deliver the treatment fully and persistently.
IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE MECHANISMS

ROBERT C. COOKSEY L E O N A R D W. MAYER Antimicrobics Investigations Branch Hospital Infections Program and Molecular Biology Laboratory Division of Bacterial Diseases Centers for Disease Control Public Health Service Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia In vitro susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents is a generally straightforward approach to the control of bacterial infections. Susceptibility patterns offer obvious taxonomic, epidemiologic, and therapeutic benefits, and have become a familiar component of the ultimate profile of a particular bacterial pathogen. The techniques continue to improve in terms of interpretative standards and, as a result of automation, are becoming easier to perform. This improved state of affairs makes antibiograms the initial, and often the most important, step in characterizing anti-
Neutral and Ionized PAH Spectral Properties

An assessment of the PAH model and its predictions for the interstellar extinction is made based on the detailed study of the ultraviolet-to-near infrared absorption spectroscopy of neutral and ionized PAHs. Matrix isolation spectroscopy data are combined with the modeling of the general spectroscopic properties of PAHs and compared with the astronomical observations. It is concluded that: (i) Small neutral PAHs (≤ 25 carbon atoms) absorb only in the UV and cannot contribute to the known diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) although they may contribute to the UV extinction curve. A search for their spectral signatures should provide a test to the PAH model and should allow to set significant limits for the abundances of specific PAHs. (ii) Small ionized PAHs (≤ 25 carbon atoms) absorb in the visible and NIR close to the position of well-known DIBs. It is argued that ionized PAHs constitute good candidates to explain the DIBs and predictions for new DIBs to be searched for are made.
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Cote D’Ivoire: A Time Series Analysis

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on economic growth in Cote D’Ivoire during the 1975-2011 period. The selection of this African nation is motivated by the rapid inflows it has experienced over the past decade. Using unit root and cointegration analysis, the resulting error correction model (ECM) suggests that gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) has a short-run positive impact on economic growth, while FDI, the repatriation of net income abroad, and periods involving structural breaks, have a negative effect on economic growth in Cote D’Ivoire. In addition, the negative error correction term indicates that deviations from long-run per capita growth during the current year are corrected relatively quickly in the following year, ceteris paribus. The unexpected negative effect of FDI on economic growth may be due to the significant repatriation of profits and dividends the country has experienced in recent years.
In defense of thermodynamics

Abstract Recently, Drebushchak (J Therm Anal Calorim 103:753–759, [1]) has stated that, “Various ways of thermodynamic evaluations can yield different results, contradicting to one another,” and that, “Thermodynamics is not a rigorous mathematical science.” These are radical claims. If they were true, thermodynamics as it is now understood would have to be abandoned. In this paper, I will defend thermodynamics by demonstrating that these statements are incorrect. Thermodynamics remains a valid, self-consistent scientific theory, and we are justified in continuing to rely on its predictions.
Specificity of MR angiography as a confirmatory test of carotid artery stenosis.

PURPOSE To estimate from available literature the specificity (true-negative rate) of MR angiography for detecting severe carotid artery stenoses when applied as a confirmatory test after screening with duplex Doppler sonography. METHODS We reviewed the pertinent MR angiographic literature published between 1990 and 1994 and recalculated the specificity of MR angiography after deleting from the database results for normal vessels and for vessels with mild and moderate stenoses, since the study of these vessels is not germane to an exploration of the utility of MR angiography as a confirmatory test. RESULTS Seventeen articles provided data for our analysis. We divided vessels into four categories on the basis of data supplied within each article. Seven of the articles provided data that could be configured to match the categories used in the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). In one study, the criterion of severe stenosis was more than 70% construction, but the moderate category was limited to stenoses of 50% to 69%. The remaining series defined severe stenoses as more than 80% (four series), more than 75% (two series), or more than 60% (three series) constriction. The stated specificity of MR angiography ranged from 64% to 100%. Before revision, 15 of 17 articles had stated specificity values above 75%. Our recalculated values ranged from 18% to 100%. Only seven of 17 studies would have had MR angiographic specificity of greater than 75%. Nine of 17 articles would have had specificities of less than 60%. For all articles specifically identifying vessels with false-positive findings at sonography, the specificity of MR angiography was 16%. CONCLUSION To base specificity values for MR angiography as a confirmatory test of carotid artery stenosis on studies that include nondiseased vessels incurs spectrum bias. The actual specificity for MR angiography as a confirmatory test remains unknown, but it is lower than that reported in the literature.
Making the connection: randomized controlled trial of social skills at school for children with autism spectrum disorders.

Peer relationships are critically important to children’s success at school. Many studies describe the benefits of healthy social development on children’s emotional, social, and academic performance at school (Ladd, 1990; McClelland, Morrison, & Holmes, 2000; Oden & Asher, 1977). Despite the importance of social relationships at school, some children may be particularly prone to feeling isolated and having few peer relationships, as is commonly noted about children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Interventions are needed to build peer interaction skills of children with ASD, and generally fall into two categories. Direct training is the most common of the two, in which social skills training is provided directly to the child with autism, either in groups or individual contexts (Bellini, Peters, Benner, & Hope, 2007; Rao, Beidel, & Murray, 2008; Williams-White, Keonig, & Scahill, 2007). The active ingredient is direct instruction of the child’s social skills (e.g., social etiquette or how to take turns in conversation). Peer-mediated models, on the other hand, focus intervention on the peers of the child with ASD (Bellini et al., 2007; Rao et al., 2008). In peer-mediated models, the active ingredient is indirect, by training peers how to engage the child with ASD. Both approaches have theoretical and empirical support, but both are missing important evidence of efficacy. For example, direct training approaches tend to occur outside of natural contexts. Variants on this intervention model have sometimes shown promising outcomes, but generalization to school and community settings has been poor or unmeasured (Bellini et al., 2007; Rao et al., 2008; Williams-White et al., 2007). On the other hand, peer-mediated models have shown good outcomes and generalization for preschool children, but have not been rigorously tested among school-aged children (McConnell, 2002). There has not yet been a controlled study comparing the efficacy or maintenance of these two types of socialization interventions. It is highly likely that children who receive both models will perform better than children who receive only a single model. The two interventions may work synergistically leading to an effect greater than the sum of their parts. Thus, by developing children’s social skills they can take advantage of peer willingness to engage. All interventions are expected to be superior to inclusion alone. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the efficacy of school-based social skills interventions to improve the social salience and peer engagement of high functioning, fully included children with autism. Our secondary goals were to examine the effect of interventions on friendship nominations, friendship reciprocity and teacher report of social skills.
Value of zeolites in asymmetric induction during photocyclization of pyridones, cyclohexadienones and naphthalenones.

Two strategies, namely chiral inductor and chiral auxiliary approaches, have been examined within zeolites with the aim of achieving asymmetric induction during the photocyclization of cyclohexadienone, naphthalenone and pyridone derivatives. Within zeolites, enantioselectivity as high as 55% and diastereoselectivity as high as 88% have been obtained. The observed stereoselectivities are significant given the fact that these reactions gave very little stereoselectivities in isotropic solution media. The results obtained on the photocyclization of dienones, naphthalenones and N-alkyl pyridones within zeolites compliment our earlier investigations on the photocyclization of tropolone derivatives, the geometric isomerization of 1,2-diphenylcyclopropanes and 2,3-diphenyl-1-benzoyl cyclopropanes, and the Norrish type II reaction of α-oxoamides, phenyl adamantyl ketones, phenyl norbornyl ketones and phenyl cyclohexyl ketones. With the help of these examples, we have established the importance of zeolite and its charge compensating cations in effecting asymmetric induction in photochemical reactions.
Variation and Change in Fertility in West Central Nepal

As is evident from theory as well as many studies, population growth is a major issue facing many countries as they attempt to raise their living standards—or even maintain them—in the face of environmental problems. Most assumptions regarding population regulation rest on a fairly simple dichotomizing model: There are two fertility regimes, one “natural,” one “controlled.” In the natural regime, contraception is not consciously practiced and there is concomitantly a high number of births throughout the childbearing years, evident in the so-called “convex” fertility curve, in which age-specific fertility remains high through age 35. Controlled regimes are characterized by conscious choice to use birth control measures, and the consequent reduction in birth rates after age 20 results in a so-called “concave” fertility curve. Folmar demonstrates that in micropopulation studies this simple dichotomy breaks down; people do regulate their family sizes under preindustrial conditions. He shows how in Nepal, high-status, wealthy, high-caste families had high birth rates. They could afford to do so, and children confer social status. Poorer high-caste families have come to adopt fertility-limiting measures because, while children have value in terms of social status, their cost competes with the demands of high-caste life style. Soon low-caste families began to emulate their poor, but high-caste neighbors.
Detection of chemomagnetic fields using high-Tc SQUIDs

High-T c Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) have been used to detect magnetic fields produced by a variety of chemical reactions. We call this phenomenon chemomagnetism. Reactions studied thus far include solid-gas reactions (metal oxidation during solid combustion), solid-liquid reactions (between metals and acids or bases), liquid-liquid (acid-base reactions), and replacement reactions (liquid-solid and liquid-liquid). The observed chemomagnetic fields are most likely generated by the flow of ions and electrons during the intermediate processes of a typical reaction, and often exhibit complex temporal behavior. The time-dependence of these fields, and their magnitudes, depend on the specific chemical reactions and reactant concentrations. For example, chemical reactions involving the oxidation of metals from the same row of the periodic table generate similar time-dependent magnetic signals. We also observe the formation of permanent magnetic fields during the synthesis of ferromagnetic materials. SQUIDs may prove to be important tools for noninvasively studying the dynamics of chemical reactions.
Determination of modulation wavelengths in nanoscale electrodeposited superlattices using the scanning tunneling microscope

Abstract We have determined modulation wavelengths of electrochemically deposited metal oxide superlattices using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Alternating layers of Pb 0.74 Tl 0.26 0 1.9 and Pb 0.46 Tl 0.54 0 1.7 were deposited from a single aqueous solution under galvanostatic control. The sum of the thickness of the alternating layers equals the modulation wavelength. The concentration of lead and thallium within the layers was controlled by varying the current, which gave each alternating layer different conductivities. STM was used to image these nanoscale materials in real space, by exploiting the electronic differences of the individual superlattice layers. Also, the alternating layers were grown to equal thicknesses by varying the dwell times for the applied current density. The modulation wavelengths were designed electrochemically to be in the 6 to SO nm range. The modulation wavelength was determined using Fourier analysis of the STM images and found to be in good agreement with those calculated from x-ray diffraction results. This demonstrates the ability of the STM as a real space characterization tool for determining distances in the nanoscale regime of conductive electronic structures and devices.
Lamellar and tubular associations of the mitochondrial cristae: unique forms of the cristae present in steroid-producing cells.

This report provides a survey of mitochondrial structure in numerous cell types from all basic tissue types (epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous) with the main purpose being to determine the presence or absence of a form of the cristae previously termed the lamellar association (LA) (Anat. Rec. , 254 (1999) 534). The LA is a complex of closely apposed lamellar cristae within the inner membrane system of the mitochondria of Leydig cells, the steroid-producing cells of the testis. These lamellae are separated by a gap of approximately 4 nm. This survey has found no evidence of the LA in non-steroid-producing cells. The LA is a common cristae morphology in human Leydig cells, but is rare in marmoset Leydig cells, where instead, tubular associations (TA) are found. Cells of other steroid-producing cells are not included in this survey. Published micrographs from the literature do, however, have evidence of the existence of the LA and TA in other steroid-producing cells. It is concluded that these membrane substructures of the inner mitochondrial membrane are unique to steroid-producing cells. It is suggested that the LA is a region of the cristae, which is not involved with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, since the dimensions do not allow for F1 complexes on the matrix side of the cristae. The significance of this remains elusive.
Simulation of Power Plant Subsynchronous Resonance Possibility Based on ADPSS

The rotor shaft of a steam turbine generator consists of several masses, such as rotors of turbine sections, generator section and exciter section. When the generator is perturbed, it will cause torsional oscillation between different sections. In long-distance high-capacity transmission lines, series compensation with capacitors can enhance power transfer capability of power system, however it may cause subsynchronous resonance (SSR) between the turbine shaft and serial compensation., which produce large shaft torques can result in a reduction in the shaft fatigue life and possibly shaft failure, threatening the security of generator unit and stability of power system. In China the 1000kV HVAC transmission line with series compensation has been put in operation since 2009. Near the Nanyang substation, there has a power plant in Henan power grid. So it is necessary to model the power plant and HVAC transmission line to simulate the possibility of SSR problem. Based on the power system simulation software ADPSS developed by China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI), this paper built up the simulation model using the electromechanical-electromagnetic transient hybrid method, and simulated the SSR possibility between the power plant and HVAC transmission line series compensation. The simulation results showed that with the generator parameters given, there has no risk of SSR between them. This paper also gives an evaluation principle of generator SSR risk when connected into a power grid.
Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease incidence and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

and history of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction (E/e’ 15) and carotid artery stenosis (IMT > 1.5) were higher in those with high BPV compared to those with low BPV (29.2% vs. 10.4%, OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.16-10.81 for diastolic dysfunction; 62.5% vs. 22.9%, OR 5.61, 95%CI 2.30-13.67 for carotid artery stenosis). There was no difference in LVMI and ejection fraction. We conclude that high visit-to-visit BPV is associated with both diastolic dysfunction and carotid artery stenosis, but not with LV hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction. In addition to other well-defined risk factors, we propose to take the visit-to-visit BPV into account as a risk factor of diastolic heart failure and atherosclerosis.
The relation of respiration-dependent proton transfer to mitochondrial structure☆

Abstract Conditions have been established in which three phases of respiration-dependent H + transfer occur in preparations of rat liver mitochondria and their relation to permeability, energy coupling, and ultrastructure is described. When inner membrane structure is extensively damaged (Phase I) oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled and no apparent barrier to H + transfer exists. Such mitochondria show a respiration-dependent uptake or consumption of H + . H + uptake was correlated by dual-beam spectrophotometric measurements with cytochrome oxidation, hence this H + transfer arises from electron transfer. Mitochondria whose inner membranes are structurally impaired by either aging, or treatment with small amounts of Triton, or uncoupling agents (Phase II) show a diminished ADP O ratio and respiratory control index as compared to untreated controls. They also evince increased permeability to protons in H + pulse experiments. In O 2 pulse experiments a H + O ratio about 4 occurs when succinate or choline chloride are substrates. This residual production of H + was largely independent of exogenous monovalent (K + , Na + ) or divalent (Ca ++ and Mg ++ ) cations but a cation/H + exchange arising from endogenous monovalent ions occurs that is sufficient to account for the observed proton transfer. Hence H + transfer in structurally damaged mitochondria arises from cation uptake and not necessarily from vectorial H + transfer predicted by the chemiosmotic hypothesis. Fresh, tightly coupled mitochondria (Phase III) show a respiration-dependent H + uptake whose rate and magnitude depends on endogenous cofactors for oxidative phosphorylation. These mitochondria are characterized by a limited permeability to H + ions and a relatively high ADP O ratio and respiratory control index. Thus undamaged rat liver mitochondria do not develop the respiration-dependent H + gradients predicted by the chemiosmotic hypothesis. It is concluded that changes in mitochondrial structure control H + transfer.
Relationship of Drinking Alcohol and Smoking to Prevalence of Open-angle Glaucoma: The Beaver Dam Eye Study

Purpose: To evaluate a possible association of glaucoma with alcohol ingestion and cigarette-smoking behavior. Methods: A population-based survey was performed of persons 43 to 84 years of age in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (n = 4926). The diagnosis of glaucoma was based on visual field testing, measurement of intraocular pressure, and cup-to-disc ratios based on detailed protocols for examination, measurement, and gradings of photographs. Alcohol intake and smoking history were based on questionnaire responses. The prevalence of glaucoma in "heavy drinkers," whether current or past, was contrasted with the prevalence in those not reporting heavy drinking. Prevalences in never, past, and current smokers were compared. Results: There was no difference in frequency of glaucoma by drinking status. Similarly, there was no difference in the frequency of glaucoma by cigarette-smoking status. Conclusion: In these prevalence data, neither heavy drinking nor cigarette-smoking behavior was related to the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma. This finding may reflect a real absence of a pathologic effect. Ophthalmology 1993;100:1609-1613
Immunomodulatory mast cells: negative, as well as positive, regulators of immunity

Mast cells can promote inflammation and other tissue changes in IgE-associated allergic disorders, as well as in certain innate and adaptive immune responses that are thought to be independent of IgE. However, mast cells can also have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Here, we review the evidence that mast cells can have negative, as well as positive, immunomodulatory roles in vivo, and we propose that mast cells can both enhance and later suppress certain features of an immune response.
Prohibitions against Mourning in Childhood Sibling Loss.

There is a body of literature suggesting that mourning is a necessary response to the loss of a significant object. In adults, this process has been fairly well researched, resulting in a substantial body of knowledge concerning adult grief. In children, however, mourning has not been as adequately researched, with a resultant gap in our appreciation of the process as it may occur or fail to occur under varying conditions. This article presents findings from a research study on sibling loss in childhood. It presents evidence supporting the idea that the loss of a sibling in childhood may be an especially significant loss for a child, in that both internal, family, and societal influences prohibit, for many, the opportunity to mourn the loss.
Synthesis, structure and fluorescent studies of novel uranium coordination polymers in the pyridinedicarboxylic acid system

Self-assembly under hydrothermal conditions has been employed to synthesize several novel uranium-containing polymeric materials in the pyridinedicarboxylic acid (pydc) system. Uranium containing coordination polymers were synthesized utilizing 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,3-pydc), 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-pydc) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,6-pydc) as the organic linker. Furthermore, several bimetallic compounds were also synthesized, U–M–2,6-pydc (M = Cu, Ag, Pb). A new secondary building unit for uranium(VI) compounds has also been realized in compound 4 [(UO2)2(C7H3NO4)(O)(H2O)] through tetramer building units edge shared to form one-dimensional chains. Presented herein will be the syntheses, crystal structures and fluorescent properties of these uranium-containing compounds.
Fusion of Mouse-Mouse Cells to Produce Hybridomas Secreting Monoclonal Antibody,

A procedure is described for fusing and producing large numbers of hybridomas using mouse myeloma cells and immunized mouse spleen cells. The medium used is a modified Dulbeceo's minimum essential medium, supplemented with a low percentage of serum.
The alkylating properties of chlorambucil.

Abstract Previous work has indicated an aziridinium ion mechanism in the hydrolysis of chlorambucil, and the present work on the alkylation of nucleophiles fully supports this mechanism. This mechanism forms the basis for understanding the kinetics of alkylation reactions because their rates are limited by the rate of formation of the aziridinium ion and alkylation reaction competes with the hydrolytic reaction. We have measured α N , where α N ( N ) is the rate of the aziridinium ion with a nucleophile N relative to its reaction with water for several nucleophiles that are related to those found in proteins. The α values for hydroxide ion and some other bases are greater than 10 3 , but the effective values at pH 7.5 are much smaller because there is little base present. The kinetic equations show that it is very difficult to alkylate a nucleophile extensively at pH 7.5 before chlorambucil has hydrolyzed. Therefore, it is not clear why angiotensin-converting enzyme is completely inhibited by low concentrations of chlorambucil. On the other hand, damage to DNA is easily understood.
Decision-Making in the Devlopment of Urban Waterfronts for Park/business Use

: Opportunities for the development of an amalgam of park and leisure-oriented commercial establishments in urban-core waterfont settings exist in many U.S. cities. Public awareness of the need to enhance the environmental quality of these waterfont areas has resulted in a demand for planning and implementation action. However, the lack of understanding of urban political systems has been an inhibiting factor in the development of this park/ business concept. The major factors that influence the decision-making process leading to the development of urban-core waterfronts for park/business use are identified inthis paper. Understanding this decision-making process can aid project implementation and avoid waste of planning effort in time, dollars, and productivity.
Synergistic tellurium-caesium embrittlement of Type 316 stainless steel

Austenitic stainless steels have become important high-temperature structural and containment alloys in applications ranging from industrial processes to energy generation and conversion. The AISI Type-300 series of iron–base austenitic stainless steels, in particular, is widely used as a barrier or primary containment material for both nuclear and fossil fuels operation at temperatures as high as 700 and 1,000 °C, respectively. Thus any observed deleterious effect of chemical environment on the alloy mechanical properties such as the ‘hot’ embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel by liquid zinc1,2 is very important and, indeed, Old3 has mentioned that fission products such as caesium, cadmium and tellurium might embrittle the austenitic stainless steel cladding of fast reactor fuel pins in certain conditions. The few investigations of the high temperature mechanical behaviour of iron–base austenitic stainless steels in chemical environments intended to simulate in-reactor conditions have not positively identified any particularly severe chemomechanical degradation, such as that accompanying stress corrosion cracking or liquid metal embrittlement. We now report the observation of rapid, severe embrittlement of AISI 316 stainless steel by liquid tellurium–caesium mixtures in the temperature region 500–700°C. Our results were obtained using a test technique that involves radially deforming small ring specimens contained inside an environmental chamber by compressive loading at a uniform displacement rate. This ring compression test technique has the advantages of facile control of the chemical environment and ease of adaptation for work with irradiated materials.
Bioarchaeological Analysis Mutual Relations of Populations Armenian Highlands and Eurasia Using Craniological and Dental Nonmetric Traits

Undertaken here is a multidimensional craniometric analysis of more than 254 ethnic groups of the Neolithic and Bronze Ages from the territory of Eurasia. On the basis of the received information, cluster analysis was done and has shown the genetic condensations of ethnoses and vectors of relatives or, conversely, distinctions between them. Craniometric and odontologic investigation of the Bronze Age is interesting and in connection with discussion about the origin of Indo-Europeans and about the place of their ancestral home. Different aspects of the problem of the ancestral home of Indo-Europeans are far from completely resolved and generate lively debate in the pages of scientific publications. New anthropological data allowed identification of alien Mediterranean characteristics influencing various ethnic Eurasian groups and revealed evidence of a migratory stream from the Armenian highlands and the Caucasus. This research provided new evidence of patterns of ethnic contact and intermixture in Western Eurasia.
A Comparative Assessment of Conventional and Machine-Learning-Based Scoring Functions in Predicting Binding Affinities of Protein-Ligand Complexes

Accurately predicting the binding affinities of large sets of protein-ligand complexes is a key challenge in computational biomolecular science, with applications in drug discovery, chemical biology, and structural biology. Since a scoring function (SF) is used to score, rank, and identify drug leads, the fidelity with which it predicts the affinity of a ligand candidate for a protein's binding site has a significant bearing on the accuracy of virtual screening. Despite intense efforts in developing conventional SFs, which are either force-field based, knowledge-based, or empirical, their limited predictive power has been a major roadblock toward cost-effective drug discovery. Therefore, in this work, we explore a range of novel SFs employing different machine-learning (ML) approaches in conjunction with physicochemical features characterizing protein-ligand complexes. We assess the scoring accuracies of these new ML-based SFs as well as those of conventional SFs in the context of the 2007 PDB bind benchmark dataset on both diverse and protein-family-specific test sets. We find that the best performing ML-based SF has a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.771 between predicted and measured binding affinities compared to 0.644 achieved by a state-of-the-art conventional SF.
Structure and composition of lattice-mismatched III–V epilayers for high-efficiency photovoltaics

Lattice mis-matched (LMM) multilayered structures were grown using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at NREL. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometric mapping was conducted on transmission electron microscope (TEM) sample cross-sections of GaAs 1−y P y grades on GaAs substrates, with known layer compositions. The compositions were determined by x-ray diffraction, which serve as standards for EDX. Data were acquired by both TEM spot analysis and 2-D maps in scanning TEM mode. The I P /I As intensity ratio obtained from EDX, plotted against y / (1−y) obtained from XRD shows a linear slope. We seek to parameterize the variations from these standard samples for accurate composition determination of unknown samples [1]. The quantitative method we are developing is based on principle component analysis (PCA) [2, 8]. We anticipate our PCA algorithm will have applications in future growth designs, including heterostructures with multiple quaternary steps, or even continuous grades.
Urban-scale wireless networks in unlicensed sub-GHz bands

The FCC ruled in September 2010 that unused UHF TV channels could be repurposed for unlicensed wireless Internet, a capability often termed "Super WiFi" because UHF bands have much greater range compared to today's GHz WiFi. Yet with so many channels used for TV in populated areas, few and sometimes none are left over in urban areas, severely hindering the capacity and market possibilities of Super WiFi in U.S. cities. Moreover, with a limited urban market hindering the cost savings of mass production, rural deployments are likewise hindered. Nonetheless, many urban areas world-wide have far greater unlicensed spectrum availability across many sub-GHz bands. In this talk, I will describe the global possibilities for UHF-band wireless networks, including specific deployment scenarios. Moreover, I will describe research, standardization, and policy challenges that must be overcome to realize urban-scale wireless networks in sub-GHz bands.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calmodulin in Dendritic Spines during Calcium Influx

Experiments by Lee et al. (Lee et al., 2009) provide compelling evidence of spatially inhomogeneous reactant distributions in dendritic spines. We have built a reaction-diffusion model of a dendritic spine using the calmodulin activation kinetics developed by Faas et al. (Faas et al., 2011). Upon calcium influx from voltage-sensitive calcium channels, we find spatial inhomogeneities lasting 2 ms in the distribution of calmodulin with N-lobe-bound calcium, but no significant inhomogeneities in the distributions of calmodulin with C-lobe-bound calcium or calbindin. In the presence of 5 mM EGTA, the spatial inhomogeneity in the concentration of calmodulin with N-lobe-bound calcium persists for 1 ms, eventually becoming restricted to the outer 200 nm of the spine at 20 mM EGTA. Calmodulin with C-lobe-bound calcium continues to penetrate to the interior, but at a lower concentration and with an inhomogeneous distribution. In the presence of 5 mM and 20 mM BAPTA, concentrations of both species drop sharply and they are not able to diffuse to the interior of the spine. We believe that these spatial inhomogeneities (arising during calcium influx) can assist in explaining the results presented by Lee et al. Furthermore, our work forms a basis for a spatially-resolved reaction-diffusion model of dendritic spines that includes the reactions underlying the activation, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CaMKII, as well as long-term potentiation, and long-term depression.1. S-J. R. Lee et al., Activation of CaMKII in single dendritic spines during long-term potentiation. NATURE, 458(7236):299-U58, MAR 19 2009.2. G. C. Faas., Calmodulin as a direct detector of Ca2+ signals. NATURE Neuroscience, 14(3):301-304, MAR 2011.
Drag Computation by Vortex Methods

The vortex method in two dimensions is applied to compute the drag coefficients for flat and concave plates near zero angle of attack. We show numerically that near this angle the drag undergoes a bifurcation due to the symmetry breaking. An extension to the vortex algorithm which takes into account viscous effects outside the wall region is developed, and its results are compared with those of the A = e model.
Market behavior of gaming stocks: an analysis of the first twenty years

Gaming stocks have now been publicly traded on the stock exchange for about twenty years. This study looks at the price movement patterns of gaming stocks compared with the broader market for six stock market cycles between 1973 and 1992. The study suggests that gaming stocks tend to be more volatile than the market as a whole and that this has been true throughout the twenty year period. It also shows that gaming stocks have risen in price during this period at a rate much greater than that for the general market. Special events, such as the establishment of gaming in New Jersey, can cause the gaming stocks to move in a direction opposite to the general market. Finally, the findings indicate that gaming stocks are especially susceptible to stock market declines which are related to concerns about the price or availability of oil.
Problem solving strategies for open-systems based organization decision support systems

Abstract Organization decision support systems (ODSS) based on the open-systems approach towards system development, require appropriate strategies for problem solving. The problem solving strategies are the inferencing characteristics that should exist in a knowledge-based type environment. This paper outlines the necessary strategies. The proposed strategies conform to an ODSS environment that utilizes a conceptual framework for ODSS development, called an open-systems based organization decision support system architecture. The proposed strategies essentially augment the existing problem solving strategies like backward chaining, forward chaining or mixed chaining. The strategies are implemented in Prolog language, and demonstrated using a prototype case.
Reendothelialization and maintenance of endothelial integrity in longitudinal denuded tracks in the thoracic aorta of rats.

Abstract Endothelial repair was studied during, and up to 26 weeks following reendothelialization of longitudinal tracks denuded of endothelium. Deendothelialized tracks were produced on the ventral aspect of the thoracic aortas of rats. A standardized denudation procedure was used in conjunction with continuous intravenous infusion of [3H]thymidine to obtain quantitative evaluations of replication, migration, and cell density. The method of denudation was relatively gentle, selective, and reproducible. Reendothelialization was completed in 1 1 2 –2 1 2 times that of adjacent uninjured control endothelium. The boundaries, or margins, of the tracks were well demarcated as judged by the pattern of labeled cells within and unlabeled cells adjacent to reendothelialized tracks. Widths of deendothelialized and reendotheliazed tracks were similar. Thus, endothelial cells in uninjured regions surrounding denuded tracks were not observed to contribute to reendothelialization by proliferation. During reendothelialization, unlabeled cells were observed within reendothelializing tracks. Thus, some cells migrated relatively long distances (0.3 – 0.4 mm) before either replicating or sloughing from the luminal surface. Endothelial cell density within reendothelialized tracks remained elevated at 12 and 26 weeks following denudation. At 12 weeks there was little intermingling of cells inside tracks (labeled during reendothelialization) with unlabeled cells in adjacent uninjured areas. At 26 weeks, after a terminal 12-day continuous labeling period in previously unlabeled animals, replication of cells inside tracks was far less than that in adjacent uninjured endothelium. Thus, the newly regenerated cell population in tracks remained synchronously quiescent and physically segregated for long periods of time, despite normally occurring hemodynamic and remodeling factors which might be expected to favor continuous cell turnover and migration. Our findings relating to endothelial cell migration and replication during reendothelialization vary somewhat from those reported using other methods of deendothelialization.
Messy Modernisms: Otto Koenigsberger’s Early Work in Princely Mysore, 1939–41

Otto H. Koenigsberger (1908–99) was a German emigre architect who arrived in India in 1939 and worked there until 1951. Histories of South Asian modernism document Koenigsberger’s architecture as a coherent set of buildings that seamlessly synthesize the ideals of modernism with Indian traditions. This paper argues that Koenigsberger’s work in Mysore was neither coherent nor graspable as a simple synthesis of modernism with Indian local traditions. Koenigsberger’s early buildings in Mysore State belong to a genre that this paper terms ‘messy modernisms’, in which the categories of global and local are destabilized. This paper defines messy modernist architecture as a cultural artifact that can no longer be understood as a fusion of global and local architectures, because the complex global trajectory of the development of Indian local architectures illuminates how they were enmeshed within global architectural practices. In the 1940s, the local Mysorean assimilationist attributes of Koenigsberger’s archit...
Molecular weight and subunit structure of molybdoferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum W5

Abstract 1. 1. Molybdoferredoxin, a component of the nitrogenase system of Clostridium pasteurianum W5, has a molecular weight of between 160 000 to 190 000 as estimated by gel filtration. 2. 2. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated molybdoferredoxin gives two bands on electrophoresis, one of which has a molecular weight of 59 500 ± 1940 and the other a molecular weight of 50 700 ± 1950. Microdensitometer tracings of the two bands and estimation of their areas suggest that there is a ratio of two subunits of the heavier protein to one subunit of the lighter protein. This argues that the molecular weight of molybdoferredoxin is about 170 000 and it contains two 59 500 and one 50 700 subunits.
Enabling a classroom design studio with a collaborative sketch design tool

The use of a studio approach - a hands-on teaching method that emphasizes in-class discussion and activities - is becoming an increasingly accepted method of teaching within software engineering. In such studios, emphasis is placed not only on the artifacts to be produced, but also on the process used to arrive at those artifacts. In this paper, we introduce Calico, a sketch-based collaborative software design tool, and discuss how it supports the delivery of a studio approach to software design education. We particularly describe our experiences with Calico in Software Design I, a course aimed at introducing students to the early, creative phases of software design. Our results show that Calico enabled students to work effectively in teams on their design problems, quickly developing, refining, and evaluating their designs.