cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coupled cluster benchmarks of large noncovalent complexes: The L7 dataset as well as DNA-ellipticine and buckycatcher-fullerene.

In this work, benchmark binding energies for dispersion-bound complexes in the L7 dataset, the DNA–ellipticine intercalation complex, and the buckycatcher–C60 complex with 120 heavy atoms using a focal-point method based on the canonical form of second-order Moller−Plesset theory (MP2) and the domain based local pair natural orbital scheme for the coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit are reported. This work allows for increased confidence given the agreement with respect to values recently obtained using the local natural orbital CCSD(T) for L7 and the canonical CCSD(T)/CBS result for the coronene dimer (C2C2PD). Therefore, these results can be considered pushing the CCSD(T)/CBS binding benchmark to the hundred-atom scale. The disagreements between the two state-of-the-art methods, CCSD(T) and fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo, are substantial with at least 2.0 (∼10%), 1.9 (∼5%), and 10.3 kcal/mol (∼25%) differences for C2C2PD in L7, DNA–ellipticine, and buckycatcher–C60, respectively. Such sizable discrepancy above “chemical accuracy” for large noncovalent complexes indicates how challenging it is to obtain benchmark binding interactions for systems beyond small molecules, although the three up-to-date density functionals, PBE0+D4, ωB97M-V, and B97M-V, agree better with CCSD(T) for these large systems. In addition to reporting these values, different basis sets and various CBS extrapolation parameters for Hartree–Fock and MP2 correlation energies were tested for the first time in large noncovalent complexes with the goal of providing some indications toward optimal cost effective routes to approach the CBS limit without substantial loss in quality.
Dravet Syndrome: Novel Approaches for the Most Common Genetic Epilepsy

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that is mainly associated with variants in SCN1A. While drug-resistant epilepsy is the most notable feature of this syndrome, numerous symptoms are present that have significant impact on patients' quality of life. In spite of novel, third-generation anti-seizure treatment options becoming available over the last several years, seizure freedom is often not attained and non-seizure symptoms remain. Precision medicine now offers realistic hope for seizure freedom in DS patients, with several approaches demonstrating preclinical success. Therapeutic approaches such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered gene modulation have expanded the potential treatment options for DS, with some of these approaches now transitioning to clinical trials. Several of these treatments may risk the exacerbation of gain-of-function variants and may not be reversible, therefore emphasizing the need for functional testing of new pathogenic variants. The current absence of treatments that address the overall disease, in addition to seizures, exposes the urgent need for reliable, valid measures of the entire complement of symptoms as outcome measures to truly know the impact of treatments on DS. Additionally, with so many treatment options on the horizon, there will be a need to understand how to select appropriate patients for each treatment, whether treatments are complementary or adverse to each other, and long-term risks of the treatment. Nevertheless, precision therapeutics hold tremendous potential to provide long-lasting seizure freedom and even complete cures for this devastating disease.
Using fMRI neurofeedback to interrogate emotion, motivation, and social neurocognition

Abstract The ability to access aspects of the human experience that are highly individualized and thus challenging to elicit in a laboratory setting are among the unique opportunities offered by real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback. Characterization of neural events that coincide with dynamic subjective experience offers a tremendous new advantage for the basic neuroscience of emotion, motivation, and social neurocognition. In this chapter, we review the small but burgeoning subfield of rtfMRI neurofeedback that explores questions related to social and affective neuroscience. We begin from a discussion of the diverse learning mechanisms that may contribute to behavioral and brain changes during neurofeedback and that may be particularly relevant for these affective functions. We offer a brief overview of the neural systems engaged in social and affective processes that have been targeted in prior neurofeedback studies. We then examine common research questions, and discuss representative empirical studies using rtfMRI neurofeedback within the domain of social and affective neuroscience. We conclude by identifying some exciting open questions and future directions.
Genetic Engineering, Procedures

The contemporary meaning of genetic engineering implies a use of the techniques of molecular biology, especially recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques, rather than breeding in the formation of new genotypes. Recombinant DNA molecules are composed of two parts: first, a vector where the function is to provide the biochemical functions necessary for replication of the recombinant DNA molecule, and secondly, the passenger DNA which is joined to the vector and is replicated passively under control of the vector. Recombinant DNA technology allows the construction in vitro of DNA molecules that are not found in nature and the subsequent introduction into organisms, resulting in new genotypes and phenotypes of the recipient. Particularly in plant and animal science, a gene may be introduced into an organism by recombinant DNA technology and the line with the desired properties further manipulated by breeding. Safety regulations have been modified to recognize that no new hazards are created by recombinant DNA research, eg, DNA introduction does not make a pathogen out of a nonpathogen. Keywords: Procedures; DNA; Analysis; Gene isolation; Recombinant DNA; Plasmid DNA; Cloning; Phage; DNA sequences; Computer analysis; Libraries; Expression; Mutagenesis; Proteins; Regulations
In Vitro Synthesis and Modification of mRNA by Exvectorial Isolates of Wound Tumor Virus

Abstract Nontransmissible (exvectorial) isolates of wound tumor virus retain the ability to catalyze in vitro synthesis of RNA. Furthermore, exvectorial virus particles exhibit mRNA-2′-O-methyltransferase activity even after long-term (30-year) passage in a host that lacks this enzyme activity.
Introduction to Constraint Databases

Introduction to Constraint Databases comprehensively covers both constraint-database theory and several sample systems. The book reveals how constraint databases bring together techniques from a variety of fields, such as logic and model thoery, algebraic and computational geometry, and symbolic computation, to the design and analysis of data models and query languages. Constraint databases are shown to be powerful and simple tools for data modeling and querying in application areas---such as environmental modeling, bioinformatics, and computer vision---that are not suitable for relational databases. Specific applications are examined in geographic information systems, spatiotemporal data management, linear programming, genome databases, model checking of automata, and other areas.
Introducing practical applications into a computational theory class

One of the most important and difficult classes in the computer science major is the course on computational theory. The authors describe an approach to incorporate some hands-on laboratory activities, while sacrificing as little classic content as possible. The authors decided to focus on creating labs in which students could see a practical application to using regular expressions (using Lex) and context-free grammars (using Yacc). Along the way, the students gain insight on how finite automata work, and how a compiler parses source code and checks for syntax errors. The only significant problem we came across was that some students were unfamiliar with the C language or the UNIX operating system, but the students in general found the labs worthwhile. Next year, the authors plan on continuing with these laboratory experiences for the class, and plan to introduce one or two more exercises.
GE/McKinsey Matrix

This article encompasses the GE/McKinsey matrix, which is a nine-cell portfolio matrix tool developed by McKinsey & Company for GE's large portfolio of strategic business units (SBU). The GE/McKinsey matrix was designed as an extension of the Boston Consulting group's BCG growth-share matrix. The two factors used in the analysis are the attractiveness of the relevant industry and the SBU's competitive strength within that industry. The nine cells in the matrix can be grouped into three major segments. Managers can formulate appropriate strategies to strengthen their positions through the portfolio analysis. Keywords: GE/McKinsey matrix; portfolio analysis; BCG matrix; industry attractiveness; competitive strength
“White Collar” Crimes

In addition to serving as a precis of the subject of ‘white collar’ crime, this chapter does three things. First, it deals with white collar crime’s longstanding definitional problem, rejecting several standard approaches and arguing that the category is most usefully understood according to the conceptual legal problem these offenses generate. White collar crimes, much more than other offenses, are committed in social settings in which undesirable behaviors are embedded within socially welcome conduct. Thus they are difficult to set apart and extract through clearly specified ex ante rules of law. Second, the chapter illustrates this definitional claim, and discusses its limitations, through a brief description of this field’s large and highly active enforcement landscape, primarily in the United States. Third, the chapter relates the definitional claim to persistent public debate about white collar crime and explains why equilibrium in that discussion is not likely given ambivalence toward the criminal justice system’s treatment of socially advantaged persons.
Terpenoid constituents of three taxa of Monardella

Abstract Essential oils from the leaves of three closely related taxa of Monardella ( M. crispa , M. undulata var. undulata , M. undulata var. frutescens ) were analysed by GC and GC-MS. All three taxa showed highly similar qualitative chromatographic profiles. Monardella crispa and M. undulata var. frutescens apparently show closer affinities qualitatively to each other than either taxon did to M. undulata var. undulata . The chemical data suggest, however, in addition to morphological and ecogeographical data, that M. undulata var. frutescens may represent a stabilized hybrid derivative between M. crispa and M. undulata var. undulata .
Creatine kinase and its CK-MB isoenzyme: the conventional marker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Biochemical markers are commonly used for detection, diagnosis, and management of various diseases. Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in most tissues, and is the best known marker for the identification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We review the most common techniques used to quantify creatine kinase and its cardiac specific fraction, CK-MB. Electrophoresis, immunoinhibition, monoclonal immunoassay, and CK-MB isoform assays are considered for efficacy, sensitivity and specificity, and timeliness in the setting of acute non-traumatic chest pain. Limitations of the various techniques for identifying AMI are identified. Current recommendations for CK-MB panels, including combinations with other cardiac markers, are included.
1.8. PMCT findings in hanging

Objectives Compare findings seen at autopsy and PMCT in cases of uncomplicated suicidal hangings. Materials and methods Retrospective search of forensic and PACS database for adult hanging deaths returned 47 cases that underwent whole body PMCT, where autopsy was blinded to imaging. Autopsy findings collected from autopsy reports by a board certified forensic pathologist. Whole body PMCT performed using a 16 slice big bore CT scanner. Images interpreted by a board certified radiologist with forensic imaging experience, blinded to autopsy results. Data reconciliation and analysis performed by consensus. Results Subcutaneous gas collections in the head and/or neck out of proportion to decomposition in 12 cases (25.5%), seen only at PMCT. Neck muscle hemorrhage found in 5 cases, 3 (6.4%) detected at autopsy and 2 (4.3%) by PMCT. 3 cases (6.4%) of hyoid injury identified, seen only by PMCT. 2 cases (4.3%) of thyroid injury, seen only at autopsy. 3 (6.4%) head/neck fractures identified only by PMCT. Various findings encountered in the brain, chest and abdomen by autopsy, PMCT or both, which were unrelated to the cause of death. No unexplained serious trauma detected by either modality. Conclusion Subcutaneous gas in the head and neck was common and seen only at CT, possibly related to the mechanism of death or altered gas distribution during decomposition in hangings. Neck muscle hemorrhage, thyroid injury or hyoid injury occurred in the minority of cases. A small percentage of potentially relevant head/neck fractures were identified at CT that were not seen at autopsy. Findings in the brain, chest and abdomen were generally noncontributory.
Improved analogue median filter

Feedback implementations of analogue median filters have a fundamental tradeoff between speed and accuracy. This restriction is relaxed using the proposed novel limiting amplifier, for which the linear range can be set independently of the transconductance. Simulations confirm an improvement by a factor of 3 in the peak systematic error, with no significant effect on the bandwidth.
Enhanced radiotolerance to ionizing radiation is correlated with increased cancer proneness of cultured fibroblasts from precursor states in neurofibromatosis patients

We have determined the sensitivity to gamma rays of cultured fibroblasts derived from clinically defined areas on the skin of neurofibromatosis patients. Fibroblasts from skin of normal appearance were normally sensitive to gamma irradiation. Significantly, however, fibroblasts from cafe-au-lait lesions and from neurofibromas were abnormally radiotolerant (about twofold) to treatment with gamma rays. This was seen in specimens taken from the same patient, as well as from different patients, within four different neurofibromatosis pedigrees. In contrast, no differences in radiosensitivity have been observed between fibroblasts derived from skin of normal appearance and those obtained from melanotic freckles of individuals with no family history of cancer. The results suggest that increased propensity to cancer in this cell system is associated with increased radiotolerance to ionizing radiation.
Voting prediction using new spatiotemporal interpolation methods

Most spatial and spatiotemporal interpolation methods give back a surface function as the result. Instead of that we consider interpolation methods that yield a single value as the final result. Voting prediction is a natural example that requires this type of spatiotemporal interpolation, because the final result is the total percentage vote for a party or candidate. We propose a new spatiotemporal interpolation method for voting prediction and similar problems. The approach can also be used in election data verification for effective government. We test the new method using USA presidential election data from the states of California, Florida, and Ohio between 1972 and 2004. The experimental results show that our method can produce comparatively precise predictions (e.g., the difference between prediction and actual result is 1.09% for Florida in 2004).
XIII—Epistemic Self-Respect

Certain situations seem to call for acknowledging the possibility that one's own beliefs are biased or distorted. On the other hand, certain sorts of epistemic self-doubts (such as ‘I believe it's raining, but it's not’) seem paradoxical. And some have put forth epistemic principles requiring rational agents to regard their own credences as so-called ‘expert functions’. This paper examines the question of whether rationality requires agents to respect their own credences in a way in which they need not respect the credences of others.
Hypertonic cryohemolysis: ionophore and pH effects.

Human erythrocytes suspended at 37°C in hypertonic solution of either electrolytes or nonelectrolytes undergo hemolysis when the temperature is lowered toward 0°C (Green, F.A., Jung, C.Y. 1977J. Membrane Biol. 33:249). In the present studies this hypertonic cryohemolysis was profoundly affected by the pH of incubation, and was completely abolished at pH 5. In hypertonic NaCl, there was an apparent pH optimum at 6–6.5. In hypertonic sucrose, on the other hand, hemolysis increased progressively with increasing pH between 6 and 9. Amphotericin B inhibited hypertonic cryohemolysis in NaCl or KCl solution. No inhibiting effect of amphotericin B was observed when hypertonicity was due to sodium sulfate or sucrose. Valinomycin also inhibited hypertonic cryohemolysis in KCl, but did not affect the process in NaCl or sucrose solution. SITS (4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate) and phloretin interfered with this valinomycin effect, whereas phlorizin did not. These results indicate that dissipation of an osmotic gradient across membranes may be responsible for the inhibition of the hemolysis by these ionophores. Iso-osmotic cell shrinkage induced by valinomycin in 150mm NaCl solution did not result in cryohemolysis.
The endocannabinoid system modulates stress, emotionality, and inflammation

The physiological and behavioral effects of stress are well characterized. Endocannabinoids are produced on demand and function to attenuate many of the physiological effects of the stress response. The endocannabinoid system is made up of cannabinoid receptors, the fatty acid signaling molecules that bind to and activate these receptors, and the enzymes that synthesize and catabolize these endocannabinoid signaling molecules. Cannabinoid research has recently grown substantially, due in no small part to the development of genetic research models as well as highly selective pharmaceutical tools. The purpose of this minireview is to discuss a subset of the many parallels between cannabinoid and behavioral neuroimmunology research, with specific discussion of interactions between the endocannabinoid system and psychological stress, emotionality, and inflammation.
Observers for systems with unknown and inaccessible inputs

Observer theory for constant-coefficient, linear systems is extended to systems with unknown, inaccessible inputs. Two types of observers for such systems are defined, and simplified criteria for their existence are developed. A theorem regarding the structure of these observers is given which allows the application of results for systems with single unknown inputs to systems with multiple unknown inputs.
Helium-assisted cavity formation in ion-irradiated ceramics

Abstract Polycrystalline specimens of spinel (MgAl2O4) and alumina (Al2O3) were irradiated at room temperature and 650°C with either dual- or triple-ion beams in order to investigate the effects of simultaneous displacement damage and helium implantation on cavity formation. The cavities in alumina were aligned along the direction of the c-axis, with diameters ranging from
A clarification on conceptual and methodological issues related to the Job Characteristics Model

Abstract We provide a comment on ‘Comparing the effects of cellular and functional manufacturing on employees' perceptions and attitudes’ by Shafer, Tepper, Meredith, and Marsh (Journal of Operations Management, 1995, 12, 63–74). We identify and explicate three conceptual concerns related to their description of the Job Characteristics Model, as well as two methodological concerns with using the Job Diagnostic Survey to measure the five job characteristics and the Motivating Potential Score as an aggregate index of a job's ‘motivating potential’. We intend this explication to serve as a clarification and guidance for further conceptual and empirical research in operations management involving the Job Characteristics Model, the Job Diagnostic Survey, and the Motivating Potential Score. Our remarks are intended to be constructive and are offered in the spirit of scholarly advancement.
Distributive Justice and Informal Organization in a Freight Warehouse Work Crew

It is generally accepted that formal division of labor is a function of increase in organizational size, which requires that activities be coordinated. While this is undoubtedly true in many situations, there are organizations of considerable size in which varied tasks are not formally differentiated, possibly because the flow of work is not conducive to assignment of permanent tasks or because managers have not perceived a need for refined division of labor. Are there conditions under which members of such groups "need," or at least desire, formal division of labor? And if a formal structure is not established, what are the consequences in terms of individual and group behavior? It is the purpose of this paper to present several hypotheses based on observations of a group in which such desires seemed apparent.
X-ray fluorescence analysis of silver dental alloys with correction for a line interference

Abstract An X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method has been developed for the rapid analysis of granular silver dental amalgam alloys having the nominal composition, in per cent, of: silver 69, tin 26, copper 4, and zinc 1. Several methods of specimen preparation were investigated; a method employing briquettes pressed at 1400 kg cm 2 without binder was the most satisfactory. Analytical curves relating intensities of Kα lines to concentrations of silver, copper, and zinc were linear, but no calibration curve could be obtained for the tin Kα line due to line interference from the silver Kβ emission. To correct for this interference, the ratio of intensities (Sn Kα + Ag Kβ)/Ag Kα was plotted versus the ratio of concentrations Sn/Ag, producing a linear analytical curve. Observed typical coefficients of variation for the method were Ag 0.4 per cent, Sn 0.8 per cent, Cu 3 per cent, and Zn 0.6 per cent.
Discourse, Power, and the Diagnosis of Weakness: Encountering Practitioners in Bangladesh

The author's experiences as a "patient" of nonbiomedical practitioners, and an examination of Bangladeshis' encounters with practitioners daktars [biomedical doctors], herbalists, exorcists, and diviners), reveal the interactive means by which the diagnosis of durbalata (weakness) is constructed. In the cases presented, facing power in the person of the practitioner means losing face. I argue that discursive phenomena above and below the lexical level are responsible. The phenomena described —(1) interruption or dismissal of the patient1 s words by practitioners and others present during the clinical encounter, (2) divinatory routines that assign the durbalata label to women, and (3) one patient's use of "creaky" voice quality in a strictly "popular sector" (domestic) encounter—are nonreferential but socially significant semiotic processes that operate, for the most part, beneath the level of discursive awareness. These encounters and their outcomes have more to do with social reproduction than with any unambiguously effective therapeutic outcome. [doctor-patient discourse, social construction of illness, language and cognition, semiotics, Bangladesh]
Transposition in pigeons: reassessing Spence (1937) with multiple discrimination training.

We studied transposition in pigeons, using multiple-pair discrimination training. Four birds discriminated two pairs of circles: 1+ 2− and 5+ 6− or 1− 2+ and 5− 6+ (digits denote circle diameters and plus and minus signs denote reward and nonreward, respectively). Four other birds discriminated four pairs of circles: 1+2−, 1+3−, 4+6−, and 5+6−or 1−2+, 1−3+, 4−6+, and 5−6+. Finally, 4 birds discriminated only one pair of circles: 1+ 2−, 1+ 2−, 5+ 6−, or 5− 6+. Testing included five new pairs—1/5, 2/3, 2/6, 3/4, and 4/5—that distinguished absolute from relational accounts of transposition. The pigeons’ relational responding rose from one- to two- to four-pair training. The similarity of the testing stimuli to one another also affected relational responding: Transposition increased with highly dissimilar stimuli. Neither Spence’s (1937) theory nor existing relational accounts could predict the obtained pattern of relational responding.
Thermoplastic polyetherimide – a helpful aid for the drawing of fluoride fibres

Abstract A coating layer of thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) of less than 40 μm prevents fluoride preforms from moisture attack during the drawing process. If over-coated in-line with acrylate, the bending strength of the fibres, which was seen to depend strongly on the drawing speed, reached 1 GPa even under nitrogen atmosphere. A correlation between fibre strength and layer thickness was found. Furthermore, a strength comparison with fluoride fibres coated with a fluorinated copolymer was made.
2231 – A comparison of the united states’ FDA approval process and european ema approval process

Introduction In the Past, no regulations existed to protect the public from dangerous drugs. Medications that were ineffective, potentially harmful were sold to the public. This is a drastically different reality from what exists today in the United States and Europe. Objectives The approval processes of the FDA and EMA are complex. It is a process difficult to understand for patients. It is information that Clinicians should be familiar with. What does the FDA or EMA approval processes actually entail? What does it mean? Aims To describe the FDA and EMA as well as their approval processes for new medications. Methods A review of the literature as published by the EMA, as well as the FDA Orange Book from 1995–2012 to compare the FDA and EMA central approval processes. Results The public trust the FDA and EMA to determine what medications are safe and effective, making the FDA and EMA approval a meaningful title to patients. Review of the literature and medication approvals in EU and US shows two of the world's most rigorous drug review processes. Conclusions In an increasingly expanding environment of global healthcare, we attempt to stimulate discussion about the challenges of cross cultural medicine. Some of these challenges are elucidated by the drug approval process of the EMA that tries to incorporate all member nations of the E.U under one regulatory agency. This is a theme that will continue to emerge as we look at world in which information and medicine become intertwined.
PLIF and PIV measurements of the self-preserving structure of steady round buoyant turbulent plumes in crossflow

Abstract Measurements of the mean concentration of source fluid and mean velocity fields were obtained for the first time in the self-preserving region of steady round buoyant turbulent plumes in uniform crossflows using Planar-Laser-Induced-Fluorescence (PLIF) and Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV), respectively. The experiments involved salt water sources injected into water/ethanol crossflows within a water channel. Matching the index of refraction of the source and ambient fluids was required in order to avoid image distortion and laser intensity nonuniformities. Further experimental methods and procedures are explained in detail. The self-preserving structure properties of the flow were correlated successfully based on the scaling analysis of [Fischer, H.B., List, E.J., Koh, R.C., Imberger, J., Brooks, N.H., 1979. Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters, Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–389]. The resulting self-preserving structure consisted of two counter-rotating vortices having their axes nearly aligned with the crossflow direction that move away from the source in the streamwise (vertical) direction due to the action of buoyancy. This alignment, was a strong function of the source/crossflow velocity ratio, u 0 / v ∞ . Finally, the counter-rotating vortex system was responsible for substantial increases in the rate of mixing of the source fluid with the ambient fluid compared to axisymmetric round buoyant turbulent plumes in still environments, e.g., transverse dimensions in the presence of the self-preserving counter-rotating vortex system were 2–3 times larger than the transverse dimensions of self-preserving axisymmetric plumes at similar streamwise distances from the source.
Modeling of retraction and resection for intraoperative updating of images.

OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative tissue deformation that occurs during the course of neurosurgical procedures may compromise patient-to-image registration, which is essential for image guidance. A new approach to account for brain shift, using computational methods driven by sparsely available operating room (OR) data, has been augmented with techniques for modeling tissue retraction and resection. METHODS: Modeling strategies to arbitrarily place and move an intracranial retractor and to excise designated tissue volumes have been implemented within a computationally tractable framework. To illustrate these developments, a surgical case example, which uses OR data and the preoperative neuroanatomic image volume of the patient to generate a highly resolved, heterogeneous, finite-element model, is presented. Surgical procedures involving the retraction of tissue and the resection of a left frontoparietal tumor were simulated computationally, and the simulations were used to update the preoperative image volume to represent the dynamic OR environment. RESULTS: Retraction and resection techniques are demonstrated to accurately reflect intraoperative events, thus providing an approach for near-real-time image-updating in the OR. Information regarding subsurface deformation and, in particular, changing tumor margins is presented. Some of the current limitations of the model, with respect to specific tissue mechanical responses, are highlighted. CONCLUSION: The results presented demonstrate that complex surgical events such as tissue retraction and resection can be incorporated intraoperatively into the model-updating process for brain shift compensation in high-resolution preoperative images. (Neurosurgery 49:75‐85, 2001)
Invasion patterns of metastatic high-grade serous carcinoma of ovary or fallopian tube associated with BRCA deficiency.

Invasion patterns of metastatic high-grade serous carcinoma of ovary or fallopian tube associated with BRCA deficiency
Adverse reproductive outcomes in the transgenic Ah receptor-deficient mouse.

Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that binds to upstream DNA response elements of target genes. Activation of the AHR by binding of ligands such as polyhalogenated dioxins, furans, and PCBs is associated with a wide range of adverse biological outcomes, including cancer, immune deficiencies, embryo/fetotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Investigations of the diverse biological responses mediated by the AHR led to production of a transgenic mouse in which the gene coding for the AhR was inactivated. AHR-deficient mice were fertile and at maturity exhibited immune system impairment and hepatic fibrosis. Our laboratory received several of these homozygous knockout (−/−) mice and mated them with wild-type (+/+) C57BL/6N mice to generate large numbers of heterozygotes (+/−). The −/− males were then mated with a total of 45 heterozygous +/− females. Offspring of these matings were genotyped and mated in all genotypic combinations. Although male and female −/− adults were fertile, the −/− females had difficulty maintaining conceptuses during pregnancy, surviving pregnancy and lactation, and rearing pups to weaning. Only 46% of the 39 pregnant −/− females successfully raised pups to weaning. The −/− pups showed poor survival during lactation (average death rate per litter was 16%) and after weaning (26.5% of the 230 weaned −/− pups died within 2 weeks). Only 39% of the implantations in uteri of −/− dams resulted in offspring surviving to Postnatal Day 45. Across all litters the sex ratios and genotypic frequencies were comparable to expected values. Reproductive success was adversely affected inAhr-null females and conceptuses. Additional study is needed to reveal the etiology of these effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE: IMPLICATIONS OF THE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) assigns the Environmental Protection Agency responsibility for protecting the public from hazards created by industrial wastes. The Agency has understandably used its mandate to construct cradle to grave regulation of waste substances that pose health hazards. The regulations, however, are likely to hike costs of legal disposal by increasing the demand for disposal sites, while at the same time reducing the supply. The higher cost of disposal may give an advantage to larger, existing firms, may deter entry of new firms to both waste generating and disposal industries, and promote illicit disposal. RCRA therefore may have the paradoxical result of increasing public exposure to hazardous wastes.
TATA-Binding Protein Mutants That Increase Transcription from Enhancerless and Repressed Promoters In Vivo

Using a genetic screen, we isolated three TATA-binding protein (TBP) mutants that increase transcription from promoters that are repressed by the Cyc8-Tup1 or Sin3-Rpd3 corepressors or that lack an enhancer element, but not from an equivalently weak promoter with a mutated TATA element. Increased transcription is observed when the TBP mutants are expressed at low levels in the presence of wild-type TBP. These TBP mutants are unable to support cell viability, and they are toxic in strains lacking Rpd3 histone deacetylase or when expressed at higher levels. Although these mutants do not detectably bind TATA elements in vitro, genetic and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that they act directly at promoters and do not increase transcription by titration of a negative regulatory factor(s). The TBP mutants are mildly defective for associating with promoters responding to moderate or strong activators; in addition, they are severely defective for RNA polymerase (Pol) III but not Pol I transcription. These results suggest that, with respect to Pol II transcription, the TBP mutants specifically increase expression from core promoters. Biochemical analysis indicates that the TBP mutants are unaffected for TFIID complex formation, dimerization, and interactions with either the general negative regulator NC2 or the N-terminal inhibitory domain of TAF130. We speculate that these TBP mutants have an unusual structure that allows them to preferentially access TATA elements in chromatin templates. These TBP mutants define a criterion by which promoters repressed by Cyc8-Tup1 or Sin3-Rpd3 resemble enhancerless, but not TATA-defective, promoters; hence, they support the idea that these corepressors inhibit the function of activator proteins rather than the Pol II machinery.
Why and How Working Women Choose Child Care: A Review with a Focus on Infancy

Abstract Over half of mothers of infants in the United States are employed outside the home at least part-time, and most of these women must arrange for infant child care. Although many researchers have explored the effects of child care on children's development, less is known about why and how working mothers choose infant child care. Research in this area is greatly needed because high-quality, affordable infant care is not widely available in the United States at present. Thus, parents must carefully search for and select their child care arrangements—a task made more difficult for some parents because of limited economic resources and low availability of high-quality care arrangements in their area. A growing body of research has examined influences on mothers' child care choice behaviors. We review this research within the context of a theoretical model that relates such behaviors to the environmental context (e.g., child care availability), maternal beliefs related to child care (e.g., child care preferences), child factors (e.g., temperament), and demographic characteristics of the mother. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this area and a discussion of public policy considerations.
The detection of simulated malingering using a computerized priming test

Abstract A word completion priming test was used to differentiate between normal student control subjects and students instructed to malinger. Controls (n = 60) were instructed to do their best, while malingering subjects (n = 60) were instructed to fake a memory deficit for credit and possible financial compensation. Subjects initially rated and completed stems for words that had at least 10 possible completions. Thirty minutes later, subjects rated and completed stems for words that were either uniquely defined by the stem or could only be completed with a variation of the word. Simulated malingerers and controls differed significantly on response latencies (time to produce rated words—time to produce baseline words, 10 second time limit) and priming scores. Discriminant function analyses showed that as high as 92% of the controls could be correctly identified, and 73% of the malingerers could be correctly identified. These results indicate that priming tests can be used in the detection of malingering.
Supraspecific placement of the pini group of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae).

Typhlodromus pini Chant and its closest relatives have previously been aligned with Typhlodromus conspicuus Garman and Typhloseiopsis theodoliticus DeLeon, based solely on dorsal shield setal pattern. Several generic names have been assigned to members of this group. Detailed evaluation of multiple morphological characters dissociates T. pini and its relatives from both conspicuus and theodoliticus and shows it to have closer affinity with T. mcgregori Chant and its relatives.
Effect of early application of biphasic positive airway pressure on the outcome of extubation in ventilator weaning

Extubation failure is significantly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. In respiratory distress after extubation, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been suggested to avoid the complications of invasive mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of early application of NIPPV on extubation outcome. We conducted a prospective study in 93 extubated patients with a mean age of 72.7 +/- 14.7 years (range, 24-93). Elective extubation was performed in 56 patients and unplanned extubation occurred in 37 patients. After extubation, patients randomly received either biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) therapy (n = 47) or unassisted oxygen therapy (n = 46). Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation was delivered via face mask in BIPAP group. Of the 93 extubated patients, 73 (78.5%) were successfully extubated, and 20 (21.5%) had to be re-intubated. There were no significant differences in age, sex, pre-extubation blood gas data between re-intubated patients and those who were not re-intubated. While seven of the 46 patients in the unassisted oxygen therapy group required re-intubation, 13 of the 47 BIPAP-treated patients also required re-intubation. This difference was not statistically significant. The postextubation respiratory management, BIPAP or unassisted oxygen therapy, did not correlate with the extubation outcome, but the elective extubation had significantly better outcome than unplanned extubation. Patients with excessive bronchial secretions and intolerance to the equipment are poor candidates for NIPPV. We conclude that early application of BIPAP support did not predict a favourable extubation outcome. Our experience did not support the indiscriminate use of NIPPV to facilitate ventilator weaning.
Firearm Background Checks and Suicide

A popular proxy for gun ownership is the fraction of suicides from firearms. This has made identifying the causal effect of guns on suicide difficult. In this article, firearm background checks are used as a proxy for changes in gun ownership rates, allowing the effect of guns on suicide to be identified. The results from panel data regressions show that increases in firearm background checks rates are associated with increases in firearm suicide rates. Overall suicide is positively, but insignificantly, related to background checks. To alleviate endogeneity that comes from suicidal individuals purchasing a gun to commit suicide, youth suicide is analysed and yields similar, but noisier results. Language: en
Automatic UVM Environment Generation for Assertion-Based and Functional Verification of SystemC Designs

This paper presents an approach for reducing test bench implementation effort of SystemC designs, thus allowing an early verification success. We propose an automatic Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) environment that enables assertions-based, coverage driven and functional verification of SystemC models. The aim of this verification environment is to ease and speed up the verification of SystemC IPs by automatically producing a complete and working UVM test bench with all sub-environments constructed and blocks connected. Our experimentation shows that the proposed environment can rapidly be integrated to a SystemC design while improving its coverage and assertion-based verification.
Group sex composition and member task motivation

Previous research and the performance prescriptions of traditional sex roles suggested that even when sex differences in ability were effectively eliminated, males would increase and females would decrease their motivation when working in a mixed-sex group. To test this prediction, the task performance of members of same- and mixed-sex dyads was compared with individual controls. The results supported the prediction for males, but not for females. Both males and females were better motivated in mixed-sex dyads than when working individually. Neither males nor females were any better motivated in same-sex dyads than when working individually. Several alternative explanations for these results are discussed: The consequences of mixed-sex group composition for motivation may have been due to greater cohesiveness, greater concern with one's partner's performance expectations, increased self-awareness, or increased drive level in mixed-sex groups. The possible mediating role of perceived sex differences in ability is discussed, as well as several external validity questions.
Comparative study of neural network damage detection from a statistical set of electro-mechanical impedance spectra

The detection of structural damage from the high-frequency local impedance spectra is addressed with a spectral classification approach consisting of features extraction followed by probabilistic neural network pattern recognition. The paper starts with a review of the neural network principles, followed by a presentation of the state of the art in the use of pattern recognition methods for damage detection. The construction and experimentation of a controlled experiment for determining benchmark spectral data with know amounts of damage and inherent statistical variation is presented. Spectra were collected in the 10-40 kHz, 10-150 kHz, and 300-450 kHz for 5 damage situations, each situation containing 5 members, "identical", but slightly different. A features extraction algorithm was used to determine the resonance frequencies and amplitudes contained in these high-frequency spectra. The feature vectors were used as input to a probabilistic neural network. The training was attained using one randomly selected member from each of the 5 damage classes, while the validation was performed on all the remaining members. When features vector had a small size, some misclassifications were observed. Upon increasing the size of the features vector, excellent classification was attained in all cases. Directions for further studies include the study of other frequency bands and different neural network algorithms.
A 3D reconstruction algorithm for EIT using a handheld probe for breast cancer detection.

A 3D reconstruction algorithm for electrical impedance tomography is presented for determining the distribution of electrical properties inside the body, given electrical measurements made on the surface. A linearized reconstruction algorithm using planar electrode arrays in a handheld probe geometry developed by Mueller et al (1999 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 46 1379–86) has been refined and extended in this paper. This algorithm is based on linearizing the conductivity about a constant value. We have extended the distance below the electrodes at which a target can be imaged by using a combination of two regularization schemes and a weighted mesh. An appropriate combination of Tikhonov and NOSER regularization produces satisfactory static images of a 2 cm cube placed 2 cm below the array, and difference images of a 1 cm cube 4 cm away from the array. The weighted mesh allows use of fixed regularization parameters for all depths of the target.
Quantum interferometer and radar theory based on N00N, M and M or linear combinations of entangled states

ABSTRACT With the goal in mind of designing radars, interferometers and other sensors based on quantum entanglement the virtues of N00N states, plain M and M states (PMMSs) and linear co mbinations of M and M states (LCMMS) are considered. A derivation of the closed form expression for the detection operator that is optimal subject to constraints is provided. The raising and lowering properties of the detection operator and its square are developed. The expectations of the optimal detection operator and its square are derived. The expression for the visibility, the maximum expectation of the optimal detection operator, is developed. From the expectation of the square of the detection operator and the visibility, the phase error and the minimum phase error for the detection operator are derived. The optimal resolution for the maximum visibility and minimum phase error are found. For the visibility, comparisons between PMMSs, LCMMS and N00N states are provided. For the minimum phase error comparisons between LCMMS, PMMSs, N00N states, separate photon states (SPSs), the shot noise limit (SNL), and the Heisenberg limit (HL) are provided. A representative collection of computational results illustrating the superiority of LCMMS when compared to PMMSs and N00N states is given. It is found for a resolution 12 times the classical result LCMMS has visibility 11 times that of N00N states and four times that of PMMSs. For the same case, the minimum phase error for LCMMS is 10.7 times smaller than that of PMMS and 29.7 times smaller than that of N00N states. Keywords: quantum radar, quantum sensors, super resolution, super sensitivity, quantum entanglement, quantum metrology, quantum imaging, N00N states, M and M states, quantum interferometer
Effecting change in colleges and universities

Institutional leaders often try to use theories to rethink or resolve organizational challenges. Bolman and Deal (2003) describe four organizational frames (structural, human resource, political, and symbolic) to understand and diagnose problems within any organization. A classic organizational challenge in higher education is the status quo or conservatism relating to change of faculty involvement in institutional decision making. Leaders in higher education recognize the need for change but are often uncertain how to facilitate it or lack an understanding of how to implement it. The use of multiple theoretical frameworks can assist leaders in diagnosing dilemmas and instigating change.