cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of human resource management practices on intention to leave of employees in the service industry in India: the mediating role of organizational commitment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a bundle of eight human resource management practices on intention to leave, and to examine the mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between the HRM practices and intention to leave of employees of a service organization in India. Most of the prior HRM practices–employee turnover studies have been from the HR manager's point of view. This study took a different approach and studied this relationship from an employee's point of view. Internet survey questionnaires were used to collect the data from 183 employees working in a service company in India. Multiple linear regression and hierarchical linear regression analysis were conducted to test the hypotheses. The study found not only that the HRM practices lower employee intentions to leave, but also that this relationship is partially mediated by organizational commitment. The results of the study not only supported that organizations should focus on employee perception...
Effects of prolonged hypobaric hypoxia on carotid nerve endings and glomus cells. Changes in intercellular coupling.

Abstract Carotid bodies were removed from anesthetized rats kept under normobaric (640 Torr) and hypobaric conditions (380 Torr for 2–3 weeks). Slices (100–150 μm) of the organ were viewed under an inverted microscope for simultaneous stimulation and recording of coupled glomus cells and carotid nerve endings. The latter were identified by their more negative Em, high input resistance (Ro) and time-dependent rectification in response to negative current pulses. Also, when nerve endings had an Em more negative than −40 mV showed spontaneous activity in the form of mini-receptor potentials (mrps). Glomus cells had less negative Em and lower Ro. Prolonged hypobaric hypoxia did not change the Em of nerve endings and glomus cells. However, in both structures, Ro increased. Also, the mrps became smaller and occurred less frequently. Intercellular coupling was recognized when currents applied to one cell spread to adjoining ones. In the case of glomus cells (GC/GC coupling), it was mostly resistive and bidirectional. Coupling between nerve endings and glomus cells was more complex, When a glomus cell was stimulated, current spread to the nerve ending (GC/NE coupling) was similar in magnitude (2–3%) to coupling between GCs. However, when NE was stimulated current spread to GC (NE/GC coupling) was minimal (less than 0.1%) and transient (capacitive). Nerve endings were also bidirectionally and capacitively coupled (NE/NE coupling) with a median of 2,8%. Intracellularly injected Lucifer Yellow or Alexa 488 diffused to neighboring structures. Prolonged hypobaric hypoxia significantly tightened coupling modes GC/NE, NE/GC, and NE/NE but reduced GC/GC coupling. Tighter coupling was accompanied by lower coupling resistance, and the opposite occurred when intercellular coupling decreased. Increased GC/NE and reduced GC/GC coupling during hypobaric hypoxia may be partly responsible for the increased reactivity of these receptors under this condition.
Stable Isotope Analysis of Precipitation Samples Obtained via Crowdsourcing Reveals the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Superstorm Sandy

Extra-tropical cyclones, such as 2012 Superstorm Sandy, pose a significant climatic threat to the northeastern United Sates, yet prediction of hydrologic and thermodynamic processes within such systems is complicated by their interaction with mid-latitude water patterns as they move poleward. Fortunately, the evolution of these systems is also recorded in the stable isotope ratios of storm-associated precipitation and water vapor, and isotopic analysis provides constraints on difficult-to-observe cyclone dynamics. During Superstorm Sandy, a unique crowdsourced approach enabled 685 precipitation samples to be obtained for oxygen and hydrogen isotopic analysis, constituting the largest isotopic sampling of a synoptic-scale system to date. Isotopically, these waters span an enormous range of values (21‰ for O, 160‰ for H) and exhibit strong spatiotemporal structure. Low isotope ratios occurred predominantly in the west and south quadrants of the storm, indicating robust isotopic distillation that tracked the intensity of the storm's warm core. Elevated values of deuterium-excess (25‰) were found primarily in the New England region after Sandy made landfall. Isotope mass balance calculations and Lagrangian back-trajectory analysis suggest that these samples reflect the moistening of dry continental air entrained from a mid-latitude trough. These results demonstrate the power of rapid-response isotope monitoring to elucidate the structure and dynamics of water cycling within synoptic-scale systems and improve our understanding of storm evolution, hydroclimatological impacts, and paleo-storm proxies.
Effects of Feed Temperature and Composition on Oscillations during Hydrogen Oxidation on Nickel Powder Covered Nickel Foils

Previous workers have reported self sustained rate fluctuations during hydrogen oxidation on nickel. All of the previous data was taken with catalysts with complicated surface structures, and complicated oscillations were seen. Here, measurements similar to those of the previous investigators were made using catalysts with much simpler surface structures. The system was found to oscillate between a high temperature mass transfer controlled state and a low temperature kinetically controlled state. The form of the oscillations was simple and reproducible, and there were consistent trends which could be compared to theory. No modeling of the oscillations is reported here, although modeling is strongly suggested.
The effect of training in Criteria-Based Content Analysis on the ability to detect deception in adults

The Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) technique has been proposed as a way to differentiate truth from falsehood in interviews of children. We studied adults, utilizing 14 of the 19 CBCA criteria. In a 2×2 design, 114 students estimated the truthfulness of the statements of 12 adults; 6 were true and 6 described an invented traumatic personal experience. Subjects viewed a videotape or read a written transcript; half were trained in CBCA and half were not. Trained subjects who saw videotapes performed significantly better than chance and were significantly more accurate than each of the other 3 groups. For the trained subjects, 10 of the 14 CBCA criteria yielded significant differences in the predicted direction between evaluations of truthful and invented statements.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Suicide Anger Expression Inventory—28

We conducted 4 studies to develop and cross-validate scores on a multidimensional self-report measure of suicide and anger expression, the Suicide Anger Expression Inventory-28 (SAEI-28). The SAEI-28 evaluates Suicide Rumination, Maladaptive Expression, Reactive Distress, and Adaptive Expression with 7 content specific items each. Participants were between ages 14 and 47 years old. Study 1 developed a pool of content relevant and representative items for the new inventory. Study 2 explored potential domains of the SAEI-28 items, evaluating preliminary estimates of internal consistency reliability. Study 3 examined specific structures of the SAEI-28 items and scale reliability. Study 4 evaluated the fit of the oblique 4-factor model to 2 alternative solutions. Support was found for estimates of internal consistency reliability for the scales. Criterion-related validity and potential correlates for the SAEI-28 scales were also assessed.
A pressure-enthalpy finite element model for simulating hydrothermal reservoirs

Abstract A numerical model is presented for simulating single or two-phase flow and energy transport in hydrothermal reservoirs. The model is formulated via two non-linear equations for fluid pressure and enthalpy. Both equations are solved simultaneously using a new finite element technique which employs asymmetric weighting functions to overcome numerical oscillation. Non-linearity is treated by a modified Newton-Raphson scheme which takes into account derivative discontinuities in the non-linear coefficients. This scheme also treats unknown flux boundary conditions inplicitly, thus allowing larger time steps to be taken without inducing instability. The proposed model is applied to two test examples involving one-dimensional flow in both hot water and steam dominated reservoirs. Results indicate that the numerical technique presented is efficient and the model can be used to simulate both types of reservoirs.
The potential energy surface of the jahn-teller-distorted 2E' ground state of copper trimer

Abstract It is shown that the configuration interaction calculations of Walch and Laskowski for the ground 2 E' state of Cu 3 are consistent with truncating the potential energy at second order in the distance from the D 3h conical intersection, which leads to a diabatic representation (the “quadratic coupling model”) containing three parameters. Fitting these parameters to three of the vibronic spacings of Rohlfing and Valentini leads to a reasonable explanation of their spectrum. The resulting potential energy surfaces show a Jahn-Teller stabilization energy of 221 cm −1 and a pseudorotation barrier of 95 cm −1 .
Comparative study of skeletal response to estrogen depletion at red and yellow marrow sites in rats

BACKGROUND Skeletal sites with red and yellow marrow may respond differently to estrogen depletion. To investigate this possibility, bone histomorphometric changes were compared at skeletal sites with different marrow composition in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, an animal model for postmenopausal bone loss. METHODS Female rats were OVX or sham-operated at 3 months of age and sacrificed at 1 month or 1 year postsurgery. Eight rats were sacrificed at the beginning of the study as baseline controls. The proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM) and first lumbar vertebra (LV), bone sites with red marrow, as well as the distal tibial metaphysis (DTM) and fifth caudal vertebra (CV), bone sites with yellow marrow, were processed undecalcified for quantitative bone histomorphometry. RESULTS In control rats, an age-related decrease in bone turnover was observed at all bone sites. Indices of bone turnover, such as osteoclast surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate, were lower in the DTM and CV compared to the PTM and LV. At 1 month postovariectomy, most bone resorption and formation indices at all bone sites were increased in OVX rats relative to control rats, but decreased cancellous bone volume was found only in the PTM. At 1 year postovariectomy, OVX rats exhibited severe cancellous osteopenia in the PTM and moderate cancellous osteopenia in the LV. In contrast, cancellous osteopenia did not develop in the DTM and CV even at 1 year postovariectomy, despite the fact that OVX rats still exhibited a trend for increased bone turnover at these yellow marrow sites. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that unlike skeletal sites with red marrow, estrogen depletion does not induce cancellous osteopenia at skeletal sites with yellow marrow in rats. Since increased bone turnover occurred at the various skeletal sites in OVX rats regardless of marrow composition, this skeletal alteration does not by itself induce cancellous bone loss. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation appears to be the major factor that determines the magnitude of bone loss at a given skeletal site in OVX rats. Differences in the anatomical characteristics of red and yellow marrow that may form a basis for these findings are discussed.
Securing Our History

This historical overview of the library literature and media coverage of thefts from rare book rooms and archival repositories challenges practitioners and scholars to press for more severe legal penalties, to raise awareness of the seriousness of thefts, to keep inventories up to date, and to incorporate the possibilities of theft into disaster plans. In some jurisdictions, thefts of books, artworks, or archival materials, may be treated as misdemeanors, even when their value suggests they should be treated as felonies. Since law enforcement and judicial authorities may not understand the importance of historical records, librarians and archivists may feel it necessary to take investigative actions themselves.
The imposter phenomenon and maladaptive personality: type and trait characteristics

Abstract The current study examined the relationship between the imposter phenomenon as measured by the Harvey Imposter Phenomenon (HIP) scale and personality pathology as conceptualized by the DSM-III-R. We found that DSM-III-R personality disorder scales accounted for 30% of the variance in the imposter phenomenon (IP) and were best characterized by cluster C Avoidant and Dependent type characteristics. Further, trait and temperament scales of the Schedule of Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) accounted for 40% of the variance in IP. The top three trait and temperament predictors of IP were Detachment (+), Dependency (+), and Entitlement (−). In addition, Mistrust (+), Workaholism (+), and the Low Self-Esteem subscale of Self-Harm also contributed unique variance in predicting IP scores. These results provide additional evidence for the construct validity of IP as a maladaptive personality style which emphasizes a pervasive sense of inferiority, fear, and self-deprecation.
Professional Development for Presidents: A Study of Community and Technical College Presidents in Three States

This research reports the results of a professional development needs survey of the technical and community college presidents in three states: North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The findings demonstrate remarkable similarities in the concerns, needs, and limitations of presidents and include significant implications for technical and community college leadership.
Effective dispersants for concentrated, nonaqueous suspensions

With the aim of identifying effective dispersants that would yield stable, high solids loading (≥60 vol.%) suspensions of oxides, carbides, or nitrides in nonaqueous carriers such as paraffinic oils, a number of dispersants were evaluated, using in most cases A16SG grade alumina from Alcoa as the filler. Among those evaluated were some common dispersants, such as menhaden fish oil and oleic acid, and commercial dispersants not commonly used in ceramic processing, such as polymeric fatty esters and petroleum sulfonates. More importantly, a few dispersants were synthesized and evaluated. The latter dispersants contained straight or cyclic (benzenic) side chains located far from the head group on 18 carbon main-chain fatty acid molecules. Among these, the dispersants with a 5–10 carbon side chain or with a benzenic side chain yielded very fluid suspensions (≥60 vol.%) compared to those with long polymeric or oligomeric side chains, or with no side chains, or the commercial dispersants; in some cases, for the same solid loading, the suspension viscosities were an order of magnitude lower with the synthesized side chain dispersants. These results indicate that molecules with an optimum side chain length located sufficiently far from the head group and an optimum backbone (main chain) constitute the most effective dispersants for concentrated suspensions. By combining the advantages provided by wider particle size distributions and by these effective dispersants, suspensions highly concentrated (up to 74 vol.%), and yet processable and “flowing” paste-like have been prepared.
Portable and fault-tolerant software systems

Portable, fault-tolerant software development for networks of binary-incompatible machines continues to challenge engineers. Portable checkpoints-saved and recovered across these machines-offer a potential solution.
Parametric Quantitative Acoustic Analysis of Conversation Produced by Speakers With Dysarthria and Healthy Speakers

Purpose This study’s main purpose was to (a) identify acoustic signatures of hypokinetic dysarthria (HKD) that are robust to phonetic variation in conversational speech and (b) determine specific c...
Crossed fused ectopia of the kidneys.

A 37-year-old woman was referred to the chronic kidney disease clinic for frequent urinary tract infections since childhood. As part of her evaluation, she underwent computed tomographic urography (Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). Complete blood count and urinalysis were normal and serum creatinine was 0.8 mg/dl. The imaging revealed the rare finding of crossed fused ectopia of the kidneys. No family history of congenital anomalies was reported.
Lyndon Johnson's speech preparation

(1965). Lyndon Johnson's speech preparation. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 168-176.
Correlated Responses in Lines of Chickens Divergently Selected for Fifty-Six–Day Body Weight.1. Growth, Feed Intake, and Feed Utilization

Abstract Correlated responses for growth, feed intake, and feed utilization were measured in female chickens from lines after 32 generations of divergent selection for 56-day body weight and in sublines in which selection had been relaxed for five generations. The diet used in the present experiment was that under which selection had been practiced (20% crude protein and 2,685 kcal of ME/kg). Feed intake between each selected line and its relaxed subline was equalized by paired-feeding. Ad libitum-fed controls were also maintained. At 21 days of age, differences between the selected lines for ad libitum-fed chickens were 404% for body weight, 279% for feed intake, and 138% for feed conversion ratio (FCR). Respective percentages for the high and low relaxed lines under ad libitum feeding were 267, 223, and 121%. When pair-fed, the growth of the line selected for high weight was unimpeded and FCR improved. When chicks of the low-weight relaxed line were pair-fed, FCR also improved, but growth was reduced and appetite development inhibited. Hyperphagic behavior was observed in the line selected for high weight. In the low-weight selected line, the chicks exhibited hypophagia. Although residual feed consumption was unchanged by selection for 56-day body weight, variation was present for this trait, with lower values under restricted than ad libitum feeding.
Deafness and WISC-III item difficulty: Invariance and fit

Abstract The following WISC-III subtests were hypothesized to contain differentially difficult items for deaf and hearing children: Picture Completion, Information, Similarities, Vocabulary, Comprehension. The WISC-III was translated into sign language and administered to 110 severely and profoundly deaf children 1 . Rasch item difficulty estimates obtained for the sample of deaf children were compared to: (a) a sample of 110 nonreferred hearing children who were similar to the deaf children in terms of mean age and Performance IQ and (b) the WISC-III standardization sample ( N = 2,200). Differential Item Functioning (DIF) was detected using the standardized difference in difficulty and anchor item methods. Numerous items consistently exhibited: (a) DIF both against and in favor of the deaf children, or (b) poor anchor item fit statistics. In addition, items did not retain their order of difficulty. Thus, the items appeared to function differently for deaf children.
Responses of sawgrass and spikerush to variation in hydrologic drivers and salinity in Southern Everglades marshes

Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) by the dominant macrophyte and plant community composition are related to the changing hydrologic environment and to salinity in the southern Everglades, FL, USA. We present a new non-destructive ANPP technique that is applicable to any continuously growing herbaceous system. Data from 16 sites, collected from 1998 to 2004, were used to investigate how hydrology and salinity controlled sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz.) ANPP. Sawgrass live biomass showed little seasonal variation and annual means ranged from 89 to 639 gdw m−2. Mortality rates were 20–35% of live biomass per 2 month sampling interval, for biomass turnover rates of 1.3–2.5 per year. Production by C. jamaicense was manifest primarily as biomass turnover, not as biomass accumulation. Rates typically ranged from 300 to 750 gdw m−2 year−1, but exceeded 1000 gdw m−2 year−1 at one site and were as high as 750 gdw m−2 year−1 at estuarine ecotone sites. Production was negatively related to mean annual water depth, hydroperiod, and to a variable combining the two (depth-days). As water depths and hydroperiods increased in our southern Everglades study area, sawgrass ANPP declined. Because a primary restoration goal is to increase water depths and hydroperiods for some regions of the Everglades, we investigated how the plant community responded to this decline in sawgrass ANPP. Spikerush (Eleocharis sp.) was the next most prominent component of this community at our sites, and 39% of the variability in sawgrass ANPP was explained by a negative relationship with mean annual water depth, hydroperiod, and Eleocharis sp. density the following year. Sawgrass ANPP at estuarine ecotone sites responded negatively to salinity, and rates of production were slow to recover after high salinity years. Our results suggest that ecologists, managers, and the public should not necessarily interpret a decline in sawgrass that may result from hydrologic restoration as a negative phenomenon.
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and precision polymers

The history of and major advances in the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) reaction are described. Because precise branch identity and frequency can be achieved by ADMET polymerizations of symmetrical α,ω-dienes, polyethylenes with precisely spaced alkyl branches of specified length have been prepared. Investigations of their morphologies and thermal properties have provided valuable insight into the behavior of polyethylene. ADMET preparation of ethylene copolymers and telechelic oligomers, as well as the properties of these materials, is also discussed.
Evidence for direct inhibitory effects of dopamine on zona glomerulosa secretion of 18-hydroxycorticosterone in rhesus monkeys.

Abstract This study was designed to more selectively investigate the dopaminergic regulation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB) and aldosterone production by the adrenal zona glomerulosa. Mature rhesus monkeys received either an infusion of dopamine (2 μg/kg/min) or 5% dextrose (0.2 ml/min) over a 60 min period (N=6). Dopamine had no effect on plasma levels of renin activity, cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone or blood pressure. However, dopamine suppressed (p
The immediacy service of the specialist as a coordination mechanism

Abstract This paper investigates whether coordination failures in a trading environment with multiple equilibria are robust to adding a specialist into the market. Using a simple search model, it is shown that the specialist eliminates some/all of the Pareto-dominated search equilibria. However, the specialist also creates a new source of coordination problem by creating a new equilibrium where all traders go to him. As a result, whether the specialist raises or lowers welfare depends on the search costs, matching technology, and the cost of intermediation.
Increased skin blood flow and enhanced sensible heat loss in humans after nicotinic acid ingestion

1. 1. A series of studies was conducted to characterize thermal and cardiovascular responses to nicotinic acid (NA) ingestion (5 mg·kg−1) in healthy subjects: (a) at rest, seated (Ta = 30°C, RH = 23%) at 0800 h and again between 1800 and 2100 h; (b) at rest and during seated exercise (Ta = 29°C, RH = 30%); and (c) during upright exercise when wearing a protective clothing system (Ta = 28°C, RH = 30%). 2. 2. (a) NA ingestion decreased esophageal (Tes) and arterial pressure and increased mean skin temperature (Tsk), skin blood flow (SkBF), forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate, and cutaneous vascular conductance (P < 0.05) in the morning and evening. In the evening 24 subjects experienced substantial hypotension. (b) At rest, peak SkBF and peak FBF were 600% higher in NA than control while Tes was 0.6°C lower and Tsk was 0.6°C higher after NA (P < 0.05). During seated exercise, SkBF and FBF were 30% higher and Tes was 0.3°C lower after NA than control (P < 0.05). (c) During upright exercise, NA increased SkBF in subjects clothed in protective clothing. 3. 3. Vascular responsiveness to NA was enhanced in the evening as shown by the increased hypotensive effect of NA in the evening. NA ingestion effectively increased sensible heat flux during rest, seated exercise and upright exercise. However, manipulation of SkBF by NA ingestion should be done cautiously, especially when NA will be used in novel circumstances.
Bioluminescence in the Marine Teleost, Porichthys notatus , and its Induction in a Non-luminous Form by Cypridina (Ostracod) Luciferin

THE midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854, of wide distribution along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico1–3, is characterized by more than 700 tiny dermal photophores, arranged in rows over the body surface4 (Fig. 1). Except for specimens from Puget Sound, Porichthys photophores luminesce spontaneously only during courtship5. Luminescence may be evoked artificially by electrical stimulation or injection of epinephrine, norepinephrine, or amphetamine6–9. Strum10,11 reports that Puget Sound fish do not luminesce, even when injected with epinephrine, even though their photophores did not differ at the ultrastructural level from those of the luminous California variety. Professor J. A. C. Nicol (personal communication to F. I. T.) has observed that Porichthys collected near Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory are also non-luminous when injected with epinephrine. In luminescent Porichthys, light is emitted following a luciferase-catalysed oxidation of luciferin by molecular oxygen12,13. Since Porichthys luciferin and luciferase reciprocally cross react to give light with the luciferin and luciferase of the small marine ostracod crustacean Cypridina12,13, the possibility that Porichthys might obtain elements of its luminescent system from its diet13 has been investigated.
The role of conduct disorder in explaining the comorbidity between alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescence

Background: Conduct disorder (CD), alcohol dependence (AD), and illicit drug dependence (IDD) frequently co-occur. This paper describes the result of an investigation of the extent to which comorbid alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescents are explained by etiological factors in common with conduct disorder. Methods: Participants were 645 MZ twin pairs, 702 DZ twin pairs, 429 biological sibling pairs, and 96 adoptive sibling pairs, aged 12–18 years, from a community based sample. Conduct disorder was measured using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Alcohol and illicit drug dependence were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM). For each outcome, subjects were categorized into those with no symptoms, those with one or more symptoms but no diagnosis, and those with a diagnosis. Results: The heritability estimates for CD, AD, and IDD were 58, 66, and 36%, respectively. The genetic correlation between AD and IDD was partially explained by the genetic risk they both share with conduct disorder. Conclusions: We conclude that conduct disorder in adolescents explains, in part, the co-occurrence of alcohol and illicit drug dependence. Specifically, the genetic contribution to their covariation is explained partially by the genetic contribution in common with conduct disorder. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on shoot growth and berry maturity of Chenin Blanc' grapes

The effects of thrips feeding on shoot stunting of ‘Chenin blanc’ grapes and the effect of the stunting on the sugar content of the berries at harvest were determined. Thrips were allowed to infest vines at three different times of the season: after buds opened, during blooming, and the period from berry softening to harvest. At numbers between one and three per terminal after buds opened, thrips stunted growth but did not affect the sugar content of berries at harvest. At a level of 1.6 per terminal during blooming, thrips also stunted shoot growth but did not affect the sugar content at harvest. Thrips reached a level of four per terminal during the period from berry softening to harvest; since shoots are growing very slightly at this time, no stunting was noted and the sugar content of the berries at harvest was not affected. The predominant species of thrips throughout the tests was Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Drepanothrips reuteri (Uzel) and Thrips tobaci (Lindeman) were also found, but in smaller numbers. A less vigorous grape variety may be more severaly affected by thrips.
Neutron Diffraction Study of the Magnetic Properties of Rare-Earth-Iron Perovskites

A neutron diffraction study has been made of the magnetic properties of the rare-earth-iron perovskites, NdFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, HoFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and ErFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, at temperatures ranging from 955\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The iron ions in each of these compounds undergo a transition to an antiferromagnetic configuration in which each moment has six oppositely directed moments at nearest neighbor distances. The N\'eel temperatures are 760\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 700\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and 620\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, respectively, for the compounds of Nd, Ho, and Er. The moment directions in HoFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and ErFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are parallel and antiparallel to the orthorhombic [100] direction at room temperature: at 43\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the moments are found to be in a ($1\overline{1}0$) plane. In HoFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ the iron-ion moments at 1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are parallel to [001]; in Er${\mathrm{Feo}}_{3}$ at the same temperature they are parallel to [110]. The magnitudes of the ordered iron moments at temperature saturation are ${4.5}_{7}$, ${4.6}_{0}$, and ${4.6}_{2}$ Bohr magnetons in NdFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, HoFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and ErFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, respectively. In the liquid helium temperature range, magnetic ordering transitions of the rare-earth ions in HoFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (${T}_{N}=6.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K) and ErFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (${T}_{N}=4.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K) are observed. The ${\mathrm{Er}}^{+3}$ ion moments form a nearly ideal antiferromagnetic configuration in which a chain of parallel moments is surrounded by four chains of oppositely directed moments at nearest neighbor distances. In this compound the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{+3}$ ion moments are parallel and antiparallel to [001] and at 1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K have a magnitude of 5.8 Bohr magnetons. In HoFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ the ions are ordered in a distorted antiferromagnetic configuration in which, at 1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, each ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{+3}$ moment with magnitude of 7.5 Bohr magnetons, makes an angle, in the (001) plane, of about 27\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} with the [010] direction so as to produce a net ferromagnetic moment of 3.4 Bohr magnetons per HoFe${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ molecule parallel to [100].
Accuracy of Blood Loss Estimation and Measurement at Cesarean Birth

This prospective study on 100 women undergoing cesarean delivery was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of the operating surgeon in estimating the amount of blood loss at the time of surgery. Exclusion factors were bleeding diathesis and cesarean hysterectomy. Blood loss was calculated by direct suction apparatus measurement and by weighing (before/after) lap pads, sponges, and drapes. The operating surgeon (second or third postgraduate year) estimated the blood loss at operation. These results were compared with the calculated blood amount. Estimation within ± 100 mL of the actual blood loss was considered correct. The obstetric resident estimated blood loss correctly less than 50% of the time. When the calculated loss of blood was 800 cc, underestimation was more likely. In this study, obstetric surgeons estimated the blood loss at cesarean section incorrectly in more than half the cases. A simple, more accurate technique of doc...
The Wolfpack Effect: Perception of Animacy Irresistibly Influences Interactive Behavior

Imagine a pack of predators stalking their prey. The predators may not always move directly toward their target (e.g., when circling around it), but they may be consistently facing toward it. The human visual system appears to be extremely sensitive to such situations, even in displays involving simple shapes. We demonstrate this by introducing the wolfpack effect, which is found when several randomly moving, oriented shapes (darts, or discs with “eyes”) consistently point toward a moving disc. Despite the randomness of the shapes’ movement, they seem to interact with the disc—as if they are collectively pursuing it. This impairs performance in interactive tasks (including detection of actual pursuit), and observers selectively avoid such shapes when moving a disc through the display themselves. These and other results reveal that the wolfpack effect is a novel “social” cue to perceived animacy. And, whereas previous work has focused on the causes of perceived animacy, these results demonstrate its effect...
The Role of Mid‐Latitude Pacific Cyclones in the Winter Precipitation of California*

The characteristics of the mid-latitude Pacific cyclones that produce precipitation over California are investigated statistically to determine their role in governing precipitation receipt. From all cyclones occurring over the Pacific Ocean from December through March and between 1965–1990 inclusive, we identify a subset of cyclones likely to produce precipitation over California. The characteristics analyzed are track, frequency, duration, speed, central pressure, and proximity. These are related to monthly precipitation for the entire period and are also used to explain the difference in precipitation received during the earlier (wet) and latter (dry) halves of the 1980s. Results indicate that the winter cyclones responsible for precipitation over California originate in the southeast quadrant of the region influenced by the Aleutian Low and decay south of the Gulf of Alaska. The extent of cyclonic activity over the east Pacific Ocean near California diminished during the dry period. There were fewer c...
Approximate Solution of a Single-Base Multi-indentured Repairable-item Inventory System

In this paper we model a single-base multi-indentured repairable item inventory system. The base has a maximum number of identical on-line machines, and each machine consists of several module types. Our objective is to calculate the steady-state operating characteristics of the system. The usual Markovian approach leads to multidimensional state spaces that are large even for relatively small problems. Solving such a multidimensional system is very difficult because of the huge number of states. Consequently, we propose an approximation technique that allows us to solve large problems relatively quickly. Although the resulting solution is only approximate, a variety of test problems indicates that the algorithm is quite accurate.
ALGAE KNOW THE TIME OF DAY: CIRCADIAN AND PHOTOPERIODIC PROGRAMS

Eukaryotic algae have long served as model systems for analyses of circadian (daily) rhythms of many phenomena, including rhythmic gene expression, cell division timing, taxes, photosynthesis, and others. More recently, circadian clocks have been demonstrated in cyanobacteria, and rapid progress on the characteristics and mechanism of timekeeping in these prokaryotic algae ensued. These daily timekeepers enhance the fitness of algae and may contribute to seasonal responses.
Moments by Which Change Is Made: A Cross-Case Exploration of Teacher Mediation and Student Participation in Literacy Events.

This five-month qualitative study explored the fluctuating participation and constructions of self of two African-American boys across a variety of literacy events in a third-grade classroom. The boys' experiences prior to their arrival in the classroom afforded them particular kinds of capital but not necessarily the capital privileged in schools. In particular, they struggled with reading and were identified as resource students (i.e., students in need of supplemental instruction). Thus, in many ways, they entered school at a disadvantage. The teacher played critical roles in mediating the boys' participation and their opportunities to reconstruct their identities. Data sources, including expanded field notes, video-and audiotape records, teacher interview transcripts, and artifacts were analyzed using the constant-comparative method, cross-case analysis, and discourse analysis. Guided by notions of cultural capital, positional identities, improvisations, and teacher scaffolding, data analysis occurred ...
Explicit onset modeling of sinusoids using time reassignment

We introduce a system that explicitly models the onsets of sinusoidal signal components. The system uses time reassignment data to detect probable onsets. When an onset is detected, the reassigned data is used to estimate the precise location in time of the original onset, allowing synthesis of the corresponding output. This is advantageous over conventional time reassignment which implicitly smears onsets. We demonstrate the efficacy of our system on synthetic and real test signals with sudden onsets.
Neurotic Excoriations and the Elderly

Ms. Blackburn is an 83-year-old new patient, who presents with multiple lesions over her arms and legs. She relates a history of volunteering on and off for the past that she began volunteering at a community garden 6 weeks ago, and she has recently been bitten by ants. She states that the lesions from the ant bites have become progressively worse over the past few days. Her lesions have recently demonstrated crusting and weeping of yellow discharge. The patient has come to see the dermatologist because she is concerned about infection of the lesions. She also reports she has recently become very anxious and depressed, as her husband passed away 2 months ago. On physical examination, there are multiple excoriations over the extremities. In addition, during the interview, the patient constantly scratches at her arms and legs.
Nonoptimal Microbial Response to Antibiotics Underlies Suppressive Drug Interactions

Suppressive drug interactions, in which one antibiotic can actually help bacterial cells to grow faster in the presence of another, occur between protein and DNA synthesis inhibitors. Here, we show that this suppression results from nonoptimal regulation of ribosomal genes in the presence of DNA stress. Using GFP-tagged transcription reporters in Escherichia coli, we find that ribosomal genes are not directly regulated by DNA stress, leading to an imbalance between cellular DNA and protein content. To test whether ribosomal gene expression under DNA stress is nonoptimal for growth rate, we sequentially deleted up to six of the seven ribosomal RNA operons. These synthetic manipulations of ribosomal gene expression correct the protein-DNA imbalance, lead to improved survival and growth, and completely remove the suppressive drug interaction. A simple mathematical model explains the nonoptimal regulation in different nutrient environments. These results reveal the genetic mechanism underlying an important class of suppressive drug interactions.
Teleseismic body waves in transversely isotropic media

SUMMARY Algorithms for synthesizing seismic waveforms in transversely isotropic media are developed for use at teleseismic distance. The propagator matrix method is used for waves in near-surface homogeneous layers. A vertically inhomogeneous half-space is patched with the homogeneous medium by using WKBJ approximation. Wavenumber integration over a specific range of real wavenumbers are used to synthesize telesismic body wave in transversely isotropic media. In this process, the ‘leaky mode’PL phase can be generated. The synthesis of seismic waveforms with different combinations of anisotropic media in the crust and mantle suggests that there is always some ambiguity to locating the depth range over which anisotropy occurs, if only differential times are used.
Type 1 interferons and myositis

Recent studies suggest a mechanistic role for molecules induced by type 1 interferons in the pathogenesis of some forms of myositis. For dermatomyositis, evidence that these molecules injure myofibers seems especially strong. In the group of disorders known as polymyositis, the study of blood samples suggests a potential role. It is unknown what drives the sustained presence of type 1 interferon-inducible molecules in these diseases, as the type 1 interferons themselves have not been specifically detected along with their downstream biomarkers. Therapeutic development for blockade of IFNα is in progress aided by the identification of blood genomic biomarkers.
A light insensitive method for contrast enhancement of insect neurons filled with a cobalt-lysine complex.

Modified protocols for cobalt-filling and silver intensification of neurons in the larval and adult stages of the moth, Manduca sexta, have led to improved neuronal visualization and minimal background staining. In particular, long distance projecting multisegmental in-terneurons. originating in the pterothoracic or terminal abdominal ganglion, were best visualized when a cobalt:lysine complex was used to fill hemi-connectives for several days at 4 C. Ganglia closest to the placement of tracer, which became flooded with cobalt:lysine during the filling period. were removed from the insect. This step eliminated the artifactual filling of neurons that may have taken up the tracer from such pooled regions. This led to a more accurate assessment of whether a multisegmental interneuron projected through the full length of nerve cord to the original site of tracer placement. The protocol for light insensitive silver intensification of cobalt-filled neurons was modified to include an important pH adjustment. NaO...
A Nested-Cell Approach for In Situ Remediation

We characterize the hydraulics of an extraction-injection well pair in arbitrarily oriented regional flow by the recirculation ratio, area, and average residence time in the recirculation zone. Erratic regional flow conditions may compromise the performance of the reactor between a single well pair. We propose an alternative four-well system: two downgradient extraction and two upgradient injection wells creating an inner cell nested within an outer cell. The outer cell protects the inner cell from the influence of regional flow. Compared to a two-well system, the proposed four-well system has several advantages: (1) the recirculation ratio within the nested inner cell is less sensitive to the regional flow direction; (2) a transitional recirculation zone between the inner and outer cells can capture flow leakage from the inner cell, minimizing the release of untreated contaminants; and (3) the size of the recirculation zone and residence times can be better controlled within the inner cell by changing the pumping rates. The system is applied at the Field Research Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where experiments on microbial in situ reduction of uranium (VI) are under way.
Use of a field programmable gate array for education in manufacturing test and automatic test equipment

A novel approach to education in manufacturing test and automatic test equipment is described that makes use of a Xilinx XC4000 series field programmable gate array (FPGA). Automatic test equipment is first used to configure the chip as a desired circuit and then to apply test vectors to test the circuit for "manufacturing defects." The chip can be configured as either fault-free or faulty, and several different types of functional faults can be injected. Use of the programmable device enables education in use of automatic test equipment to be combined with education in generation of effective test vectors for fault detection and diagnosis and also enables different classes to use the same device and load board to represent different circuits. This approach is suitable for both academic and industrial environments and should be particularly useful for customer training by manufacturers of automatic test equipment.
A THREE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM ACTIVE MICROMECHANICAL MODEL OF THE COCHLEAR PARTITION

The earliest cochlear models were passive and macromechanical (e.g., Peterson and Bogert, 1950; Ranke, 1950; Zwislocki, 1950). In these models, the properties of the cochlear partition were lumped and represented by a single value of mass, stiffness, and damping for each location on the partition. Hence, we refer to these models as single degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) models. The results of calculations based on these models were in good agreement with the only measurements available at the time, those of von Bekesy (1960), who worked with cochleas taken from cadavers.
Black as Less than Person: Case Studies on Race, Law & Medical Science in the United States

U.S. law and policy has allowed unscrupulous doctors and scientists to treat blacks as guinea pigs in medical research. The roots of discriminatory medical research go much deeper than the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male. By using a case study format, this narrative essay tracks human experimentation on blacks in the United States from the Founding Era to the twenty-first century. It explores how some of the most important modern medical advances stem from deplorable experiments on slaves, discusses how scientific racism persists despite advances in modern scientific theory, and details how the Supreme Court helped fertilize the eugenics movement. The essay concludes with a brief look at racial disparities in healthcare outcomes and how to begin freeing black Americans from Dred Scott's legacy.
Transitions of Youth in Mental Health Residential Care to Less Restrictive Settings: The Role of Strengths and Gender

ABSTRACTChanges in youth's behavioral/psychosocial functioning has been found to play an important role in the transitions from mental health residential care to less restrictive settings, and this functioning differs significantly by gender. However, there has been little attention paid to the roles played by psychosocial strength and gender in transitions out of residential care. The current study examined gender differences in the role of strengths in transitions to less restrictive settings using data on 675 youth's admission and discharge records collected from Illinois Residential Treatment Outcome System during 2005–2007 (Mean age = 15 years, SD = 2.0; 57.5% = boys). The results of multivariate logistic regression model indicated that positive recreational activities and lack of chronic illness were related to a higher likelihood of transitions to less restrictive settings among girls, while appropriate sexual development, psychological strengths, and strong spiritual/religious strengths were relat...