cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Group- and Species-Specific Antigens of Chlamydial Agents by Gel Diffusion

Recently, agents belonging to the genus Chlamydia were recognized as being divided into 2 species: Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci [1]. A study of the antigens of chlamydial agents by the agar gel diffusion method was undertaken in an attempt to demonstrate antigenic differences between species of this genus. In a previous report [2] it was shown that treatment of purified particle suspensions of C. psittaci strains, meningopneumonitis, feline pneumonitis, psittacosis, and C. trachomatis, strain TE-55, with sodium deoxycholate extracted Chlamydia group antigen. The group character of this antigen was shown in agar diffusion by the comparison of extracts from strains of both species and the observation that the lines of precipitation that formed with rabbit immune serum fused in reaction of identity. Chlamydia particles, after deoxycholate extraction, were treated further by sonication. The resulting sonicate formed 2 lines of precipitation with homologous antiserum. One line, which was formed near the serum well, was shown to be group-specific. Evidence for species specificity of the second line, which was formed near the antigen well, was obtained when the sonicate of TE55 was compared with sonicates of strains of C. psittaci. Further characterization of deoxycholate extract and sonicate antigens is reported here.
Corn Earworm Damage and Aflatoxin B1 on Corn Ears Protected with Insecticide

Four dent corn hybrids (3 in 1974 and one in 1975) were tested in split plot experiments that included arificial vs. natural infestation of ears with Heliothis zea (Boddie), inoculation of ears with Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries vs. no inoculation, and ears sprayed with stirofos vs. nonsprayed ears in 1974; included inoculation vs. noninoculation and stirofos treated bags vs. nontreated bags in 1975. Aflatoxin B1 production and corn earworm injury were recorded. No evidence was found in either year for a significant relationship between corn earworm injury and the presence of aflatoxin B1. The insecticide regimen which was designed to totally control insects in both years did not eliminate insect damage nor did it effectively preclude A. flavus infection of the ears and subsequent aflatoxin production.
Impact of End-Stage Renal Disease and Acute Kidney Injury on ICU Outcomes in Patients With Sepsis

Purpose:To report the characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to patients wi...
Ramification in the division fields of elliptic curves with potential supersingular reduction

Let d≥1 be fixed. Let F be a number field of degree d, and let E/F be an elliptic curve. Let E(F)tors be the torsion subgroup of E(F). In 1996, Merel proved the uniform boundedness conjecture, i.e., there is a constant B(d), which depends on d but not on the chosen field F or on the curve E/F, such that the size of E(F)tors is bounded by B(d). Moreover, Merel gave a bound (exponential in d) for the largest prime that may be a divisor of the order of E(F)tors. In 1996, Parent proved a bound (also exponential in d) for the largest p-power order of a torsion point that may appear in E(F)tors. It has been conjectured, however, that there is a bound for the size of E(F)tors that is polynomial in d. In this article we show that if E/F has potential supersingular reduction at a prime ideal above p, then there is a linear bound for the largest p-power order of a torsion point defined over F, which in fact is linear in the ramification index of the prime of supersingular reduction. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 11G05, Secondary: 14H52
English in language ideologies, attitudes, and educational practices in Kenya and South Africa

In this paper we discuss language-in-education practices, along with the ideologies and attitudes that undergird them, in the two countries. The focus is on the ideology of development, the essence of which is captured in the second epigraph: An education through the medium of English brings about employment, literacy, and development, personal success and upward social mobility. We discuss these presumed outcomes in the context of Kenya and South Africa, and argue that the language remains accessible only to a select few, the elite, and so do literacy and socioeconomic development.
Lymphoma Surveillance Counterpoint: USA

The introduction provides a summary of the Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma surveillance screening guidelines promulgated by several clinical and governmental organizations throughout the world. Since the term non-Hodgkin lymphoma describes more than 40 histologically discrete diseases associated with wide variations in clinical aggressiveness, a single approach to surveillance based on stage is not appropriate [1]. Similarly, Hodgkin lymphoma can be divided into classical and lymphocyte-predominant subtypes, associated with somewhat more aggressive and indolent behaviors, respectively. To accommodate this clinical heterogeneity, surveillance guidelines are frequently vague, offering a wide range of suggested surveillance tests and testing intervals [2]. It is also important to point out that, for the most part, such guidelines are based upon expert opinion, and adherence to them has not been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Overall, current guidelines for surveillance serve best as a starting point for the discussion of cancer survivorship related to Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and do not represent an evidence-based approach. We hope future studies will allow rigorous evaluation of the clinical value and cost-effectiveness of various surveillance schedules and modalities. Until that time, in our practice we generally favor office visits consisting of clinical history, physical examination, patient education about possible symptoms of relapse, and periodic laboratory testing. We typically recommend radiologic imaging in asymptomatic patients annually for the first 2 years after treatment, or as dictated by symptoms, physical examination, and/or other findings. Such an approach minimizes radiology testing that may be costly, invasive, and anxiety-provoking for the patient.
Large, tunable microwave permittivity in a liquid doped with anisotropic particles

The effective microwave permittivity of a composite comprising anisotropic particles suspended in a liquid (also known as an artificial Kerr material) is calculated using a numerical scheme. The results are compared to those calculated using analytic effective medium expressions. Several composite materials are predicted to have permittivity that can be tuned over a greater range than liquid crystals, which are currently used in many tunable microwave devices such as phase-shifters and modulators. Estimates for the static electric field required to tune such materials are provided and show that such materials are realistic.
A Qualitative Analysis of Offenders’ Emotional Responses to Perpetrating Sexual Assault

The purpose of this study was to understand sexual assault perpetrators' emotional responses to perpetration to facilitate treatment development and to better understand processes that may give rise to repeat perpetration. Sixty-one firsthand narratives of sexual assault perpetration, posted on Reddit.com , were analyzed using qualitative text analysis. The analysis revealed four primary emotional responses to perpetrating sexual assault: shame, guilt, depression, and anger. Each emotional response was associated with different contextual features that appeared in the narratives. Shame co-occurred with perpetrator alcohol use and consent confusion, guilt co-occurred with perpetrators' stated self-growth, anger co-occurred with denial of responsibility and hostility toward women, and depressed affect co-occurred with social isolation following perpetration. The findings indicate certain emotional responses may be more adaptive than others for protecting against repeat perpetration. This research has important implications for the treatment of perpetrators and supports the idea that self-image and perceived social context may be important treatment targets.
AhpA is a peroxidase expressed during biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.

Organisms growing aerobically generate reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. These reactive oxygen molecules damage enzymes and DNA, potentially causing cell death. In response, Bacillus subtilis produces at least nine potential peroxide-scavenging enzymes; two belong to the alkylhydroperoxide reductase (Ahp) class of peroxidases. Here, we explore the role of one of these Ahp homologs, AhpA. While previous studies demonstrated that AhpA can scavenge peroxides and thus defend cells against peroxides, they did not clarify when during growth the cell produces AhpA. The results presented here show that the expression of ahpA is regulated in a manner distinct from that of the other peroxide-scavenging enzymes in B. subtilis. While the primary Ahp, AhpC, is expressed during exponential growth and stationary phase, these studies demonstrate that the expression of ahpA is dependent on the transition-state regulator AbrB and the sporulation and biofilm formation transcription factor Spo0A. Furthermore, these results show that ahpA is specifically expressed during biofilm formation, and not during sporulation or stationary phase, suggesting that derepression of ahpA by AbrB requires a signal other than those present upon entry into stationary phase. Despite this expression pattern, ahpA mutant strains still form and maintain robust biofilms, even in the presence of peroxides. Thus, the role of AhpA with regard to protecting cells within biofilms from environmental stresses is still uncertain. These studies highlight the need to further study the Ahp homologs to better understand how they differ from one another and the unique roles they may play in oxidative stress resistance.
Association between change in cervical length and spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies

Background There is a lack of consensus on the optimal transvaginal cervical length for determining risk for spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies. Change in transvaginal cervical length over time may reflect early activation of the parturition process, as has been demonstrated in singleton pregnancies. The association between change in transvaginal cervical length and the risk for spontaneous preterm birth has not yet been described in the population of women with diamniotic twin pregnancies. Objective Our primary objective is to determine whether rate of change in transvaginal cervical length in the midtrimester is associated with spontaneous preterm birth in twin gestations. Our secondary objective is to describe parameters for identifying patients at increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth based on change in transvaginal cervical length over time. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of serial transvaginal cervical length performed for twin pregnancies at a single institution from 2008 through 2015. Women with diamniotic twin pregnancies who had transvaginal cervical length measurements at 18 and 22 weeks' gestation and outcome data available were included. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between the rate of change in transvaginal cervical length and the risk for the primary outcome of spontaneous preterm birth Results In all, 527 subjects met inclusion criteria for this study. The average rate of change in transvaginal cervical length for patients with spontaneous preterm birth P Conclusion Change in transvaginal cervical length in the midtrimester is associated with spontaneous preterm birth, and therefore protocols for serial transvaginal cervical length measurement can provide the clinician with information to identify at-risk patients. A decrease of ≥0.2 cm/wk of transvaginal cervical length identifies patients at increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth
Utilization of Surface Equilibria for Controlling Heterogeneous Nucleation: Making the “Disappeared” Polymorph of 3-Aminobenzensulfonic Acid “Reappear”

The ability to control crystal form is essential for the development of materials with desired properties. The rational design of heterosurfaces to control nucleation is one such approach. Heterosurfaces are commonly selected based on their chemistry and/or crystallography and/or morphology. However, the heterosurface is almost always considered to be in equilibrium with the crystallization medium during nucleation. This may lead to an inaccurate description of the epitaxial mechanisms responsible for controlling nucleation. Herein, we discuss controlling the surface equilibria of sparingly soluble crystals to control heterogeneous nucleation and crystal form. The heterogeneous crystallization of 3-aminobenzensulfonic acid (3-ABSA) on seeds of 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) was investigated. The DAN crystal faces were determined to be in a nonequilibrium state upon suspension in an aqueous solution of 3-ABSA, resulting in significant changes in surface morphology. Controlling the kinetics of surface equilib...
The Evaluation of HF Communication Systems using a Simulation Workstation

Many factors affect the end-to-end performance of HF communication systems which use adaptive antenna arrays, including the jamming scenario, the HF channel, the array geometry and the adaptive algorithm. Computer simulation provides an appropriate tool for evaluation of the system's performance. A workstation for the simulation, modeling and analysis of HF communication systems is developed. The functional requirements for the workstation are established and a hardware vehicle is chosen for its development (IBM PC/AT). A basic hierarchical software structure is used to meet these requirements. Each block of the structure is discussed. An example of using the workstation for analyzing a HF communication system is given.
Sparsity control for robust principal component analysis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for high-dimensional data analysis, with well-documented applications in computer vision, preference measurement, and bioinformatics. In this context, the fresh look advocated here permeates benefits from variable selection and compressive sampling, to robustify PCA against outliers. A least-trimmed squares estimator of a low-rank component analysis model is shown closely related to that obtained from an l 0 -(pseudo)norm-regularized criterion encouraging sparsity in a matrix explicitly modeling the outliers. This connection suggests efficient (approximate) solvers based on convex relaxation, which lead naturally to a family of robust estimators subsuming Huber's optimal M-class. Outliers are identified by tuning a regularization parameter, which amounts to controlling the sparsity of the outlier matrix along the whole robustification path of (group)-Lasso solutions. Novel algorithms are developed to: i) estimate the low-rank data model both robustly and adaptively; and ii) determine principal components robustly in (possibly) infinite-dimensional feature spaces. Numerical tests corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed robust PCA scheme for a video surveillance task.
Hydrogen incorporation in GaN, AlN, and InN during Cl2/CH4/H2/Ar ECR plasma etching

Hydrogen concentrations up to ~1020 cm-3 in GaN and AlN and ~1019 cm-3 in InN are found to be incorporated during ECR plasma etching in Cl2/CH4/H2Ar at 170°C. Even very short duration (40 s) etch treatments produce hydrogen incorporation depths ≥0.2 µm ahead of the etch front, and may lead to electrical passivation effects within this region. Post-etch annealing at 450 – 500°C restores the initial conductivity.
Simulating US agriculture in a modern Dust Bowl drought.

Drought-induced agricultural loss is one of the most costly impacts of extreme weather, and without mitigation, climate change is likely to increase the severity and frequency of future droughts. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was the driest and hottest for agriculture in modern US history. Improvements in farming practices have increased productivity, but yields today are still tightly linked to climate variation and the impacts of a 1930s-type drought on current and future agricultural systems remain unclear. Simulations of biophysical process and empirical models suggest that Dust-Bowl-type droughts today would have unprecedented consequences, with yield losses approx.50% larger than the severe drought of 2012. Damages at these extremes are highly sensitive to temperature, worsening by approx.25% with each degree centigrade of warming. We find that high temperatures can be more damaging than rainfall deficit, and, without adaptation, warmer mid-century temperatures with even average precipitation could lead to maize losses equivalent to the Dust Bowl drought. Warmer temperatures alongside consecutive droughts could make up to 85% of rain-fed maize at risk of changes that may persist for decades. Understanding the interactions of weather extremes and a changing agricultural system is therefore critical to effectively respond to, and minimize, the impacts of the next extreme drought event.
Coccidioidomycosis among persons undergoing lung transplantation in the coccidioidal endemic region.

BACKGROUND Coccidioidomycosis, an endemic fungal infection, is more likely to be symptomatic and severe among those receiving allogeneic transplants. While several case series have been published for various transplanted organs, none has described the incidence and outcomes in those receiving lung transplants within the coccidioidal endemic region. METHODS Patients receiving a heart-lung, single-lung, or bilateral-lung transplantation at the University of Arizona between 1985 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Coccidioidomycosis occurred post transplantation in 11 (5.8%) of 189 patients. All but one patient was diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and only one had a history of prior coccidioidomycosis. Two patients received transplants from donors found to have coccidioidomycosis at the time of transplantation and one death was directly attributed to coccidioidomycosis. The risk of developing active coccidioidomycosis was significantly higher if the patient did not receive some type of antifungal therapy post transplantation (P<.001). CONCLUSION Within the coccidioidal endemic region, post-transplantation coccidioidomycosis was a definable risk among lung transplant recipients. Use of antifungals appeared to reduce this incidence of disease. Almost all cases resulted in pulmonary disease, suggesting that the lung is the primary site of infection.
Thin Layer Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Cobalt and Copper Schiff Base Complexes in N,N-Dimethylformamide

Since its initial development in 1967 (1), the optically transparent thin layer electrode (OTTLE) has seen increasing application to the spectroelectrochemical study of chemical compounds. The cell consists of a thin layer of electrolyte, typically 0.05–0.2 mm thick, which is confined adjacent to a transparent electrode. The advantageous features of such a cell are (a) rapid electrolysis (typically 20–120 sec) of the thin solution layer with diffusion as the only mode of mass transport to the electrode, and (b) simultaneous recording of spectra by an optical beam passing through the transparent electrode.
Within a Spine’s Reach

For much of the history of neuroscience, leading theories on the cellular basis of learning and memory focused on activity-dependent changes in synaptic weight. More recent experimental and theoretical studies have identified an intertwined role for rewiring at the microscale—the level of individual synaptic connections and their dendritic address. In this chapter we survey approximately the past 15 years of research into this topic with attention to the interactive roles of model and experiment. We focus on motifs of microscale connectivity and how they could impact information processing and storage. We review recent empirical tests of the input clustering hypothesis for pattern recognition and memory storage, and propose several areas for continued investigation. Finally, we discuss the implications of this dynamic research for neurorealistic simulation and neuromorphic computing.
Protective effects of fisetin and other berry flavonoids in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated degenerative disease of the midbrain that results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It initially presents as a movement disorder with cognitive and other behavioral problems appearing later in the progression of the disease. Current therapies for PD only delay the onset or reduce the motor symptoms. There are no treatments to stop the nerve cell death or to cure the disease. It is becoming increasingly clear that neurological diseases such as PD are multi-factorial involving disruptions in multiple cellular systems. Thus, it is unlikely that modulating only a single factor will be effective at either preventing disease development or slowing disease progression. A better approach is to identify small molecules that have multiple biological activities relevant to the maintenance of brain function. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and therefore regularly consumed in the human diet. While flavonoids were historically characterized on the basis of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, more recent studies have shown that flavonoids have a wide range of activities that could make them particularly effective as agents for the treatment of PD. In this article, the multiple physiological benefits of flavonoids in the context of PD are first reviewed. Then, the evidence for the beneficial effects of the flavonol fisetin in models of PD are discussed. These results, coupled with the known actions of fisetin, suggest that it could reduce the impact of PD on brain function.
Cross-Pollinating: Indigenous Knowledges of Extinction and Genocide in Honeybee Fictions

The best-known insects worldwide, European honeybees (apis mellifera) came to be that way through histories in which colonial experiences and indigenous frictions extend far beyond human communities. Amid a growing crisis in honeybee health in recent decades, novelists explore the multispecies dimensions of their colonial experience in the converging contexts of extinction and genocide. Through fictions by David Malouf, J.M. Coetzee, Amitav Ghosh, Sue Monk Kidd, Louise Erdrich, Douglas Coupland, Lindsay Eagar, and others, this essay outlines a pattern in which the convergence of native knowledges and histories of mass killings spurs productive interventions in contemporary honeybee fictions.
Enhanced electrical characteristics of black phosphorus by polyaniline and protonic acid surface doping

Black phosphorus and monolayer phosphorene is an emerging electronic materials for next-generation nanoelectronics. Here we report the polyaniline and protonic acid surface doping of thin black phosphorus to enhance its mobility and on-current, which will define new method to optimize of phosphorene electrical properties and open new revenue to study phosphorene electronics.
Electronegative Plasma Reactor Engineering

Low pressure (0.1 mtorr to 10 torr), cold (gas temperature ∼500 K), weakly ionized (degree of ionization 10−6-10−1) glow discharge plasmas are used extensively in the processing of electronic materials, especially for etching and deposition of thin films1. Such plasmas also find application in surface modification (e.g., hardening, corrosion resistance), lighting, and even environmental remediation. Figure 1 is a schematic of a plasma etch process carried out in a capacitively-coupled reactor. The case of polysilicon etching in a chlorine plasma is shown as an example. The plasma is generated by applying radio frequency power between a pair of parallel plates in a low pressure chamber (Fig. 1a). The Cl2 feedstock gas is attacked by plasma electrons to produce Cl radicals and Cl2 + ions. Radicals diffuse or are convected by gas flow towards the wafer where they adsorb on the surface. Ions accelerate in the sheath naturally occurring over the wafer, and bombard the wafer vertical to its surface (Fig. 1b). The combination of radical and ion bombardment produces SiCl4 product which desorbs and is removed by the gas flow. It is this directional ion bombardment which promotes anisotropic etching of microscopic features (Fig. 1c), whereby the film etches much faster in the vertical as compared to the horizontal direction. At the atomic level, ion bombardment produces a modified surface layer in which the reactant (Cl) is mixed within the silicon lattice (Fig. 1d) to a depth depending on the ion energy (∼ 10s of A). The energy deposited by ions promotes the formation of products that are either sputtered away or desorb spontaneously in the gas phase. Figure 1 also demonstrates the disparity in length scales encountered in plasma processing. Wafers are now 300 mm in diameter, so the reactor scale is of the order of 10s of cm. The sheath thickness ranges from 0.1–10 mm depending on the Debye length and the voltage applied to the electrode.
Design of the Communication Module of Smart Handheld Terminal in Power Marketing

Handheld terminal has been developed rapidly with the close integration of communication technology and electronics.Based on the scheme of PXA310 and WINCE6.0,this article designs the GPRS module,electric infrared module,RS485 module and RFID module of smart handheld terminal used in the advanced metering structure(AMI) system in the power marketing.In this paper,the communication system design of hardware and software of smart handheld terminal for power marketing have been proposed through the study of four communication module and the technical requirements of smart power.
Education of Elderly Patients About Emergency Preparedness by Health Care Practitioners

An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about the efforts of health care practitioners to educate older patients about emergency preparedness, and it mentions responses to large-scale disasters, America's aging population, and patient resiliency. The U.S. Veterans Health Administration's Home Based Primacy care program is examined, along with patient assessments, disaster planning, and the roles of home health agencies.
Neuromuscular diseases: Recent advances in antisense oligonucleotide therapy

Genetic neuromuscular diseases are caused by defective expression of nuclear or mitochondrial genes. Toxic mutant protein may cause cell death, and thus, strategies that reduce mutant gene expression may provide therapeutic benefit. Synthetic antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) has been known to recognize cellular RNA and control gene expression. In recent years, advances in ASO chemistry, creation of designer ASO molecules to enhance their delivery and safety, and design of clinical trials to judge therapeutic efficacy have ushered into an era of plausible application of ASO technology to treat currently incurable neuromuscular diseases. The US Food and Drug Administration has recently approved two ASO therapies in genetic neuromuscular diseases. This brief overview examines the recent advances in ASO technology, evolution, and use of synthetic ASOs as therapeutic platform, and the mechanism of ASO action by exon-inclusion in spinal muscular atrophy and exon-skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, with attention to their advantages and limitations.
Multimodal MRI Segmentation of Brain Tissue and T2-Hyperintense White Matter Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and a Large Multi-center Image Database

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and is characterized by the presence of CNS lesions. Volumetric measures of tissues, including lesions, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play key roles in the clinical management and treatment evaluation of MS patient. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) show promising results for automated medical image segmentation. In this work, we used deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for brain tissue classification on MRI acquired from MS patients in a large multi-center clinical trial. Multi-channel MRI data that included T1-weighted, dual-echo fast spin echo, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were acquired on these patients. The pre-processed images (following co-registration, skull stripping, bias field correction, intensity normalization, and de-noising) served as the input to the CNN for tissue classification. The network was trained using expert-validated segmentation. Quantitative assessment showed high Dice similarity coefficients between the CNN and the validated segmentation, with DSC values of 0.94 for white matter and grey matter, 0.97 for cerebrospinal fluid, and 0.85 for T2 hyperintense lesions. These results suggest that deep neural networks can successfully segment brain tissues, which is crucial for reliable assessment of tissue volumes in MS.
Evolution and Current Practice of Interprofessional Education (IPE): A Review

Review the current literature involving the evolution and practice of interprofessional education (IPE). Research has shown that while there are many positive student experiences from interprofessional education, there is a paucity of data on patient outcomes in healthcare systems utilizing this approach. Implementation of new competencies developed through the Interprofessional Education Collaborative promises enhanced curricular alignment across medical disciplines and improved metrics to assess educational and patient outcomes. IPE has evolved greatly and has become widely accepted as a way to improve patient care through the alignment of educational competencies across collaborating disciplines. However, there remain barriers to implementation in many of the participating professions as well as insufficient research to assess the efficacy. Future research could include examining in which setting IPE has the best efficacy and, in turn, better patient outcomes. Financial outcomes would be another avenue to explore. However, an aligned curriculum for IPE needs to be developed so adequate data can be obtained to assess accurate health outcomes from IPE.
Toward the Optimization of Click-Mediated Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) based on the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction has shown promise in murine models of disease, yet the radiation dosimetry of this approach must be optimized to make it a viable clinical option. To this end, we have leveraged two recent developments in pretargeted imaging—dendritic scaffolds and masking agents—to improve the dosimetric profile of a proof-of-concept PRIT system that is based on the huA33 antibody, a 177Lu-labeled tetrazine radioligand ([177Lu]Lu-DOTA-PEG7-Tz), and a mouse model of A33 antigen-expressing colorectal carcinoma. Pretargeting using an huA33 immunoconjugate bearing a trans-cyclooctene-decorated dendritic scaffold (sshuA33-DEN-TCO) produced significantly higher tumoral activity concentrations at 120 h post-injection (23.0 ± 2.2 %ID/g) than those achieved with an analogous, dendrimer-lacking immunoconjugate (12.7 ± 2.6 %ID/g). However, pretargeting using sshuA33-DEN-TCO also resulted in increased activity concentrations in the blood ...
Sociocultural Adaptation of "Parachute Kids" from Mainland China.

Through analysing data collected from interviews with 12 students and 7 teachers, observations, students’ journals and other documents at a US high school, this qualitative study examines the socio...
Information seeking and evaluation: a multi-institutional survey of veterinary students

Objective: To practice evidence-based medicine, clinicians must be competent in information literacy (IL). Few studies acknowledge the critical role that reading strategies play in IL instruction and assessment of health professional students. The purpose of this study was to understand the information-seeking and evaluation behaviors of doctor of veterinary medicine (DVM) students in regard to scientific papers. Methods: The authors studied DVM student behaviors across eight programs in North America using a web-based survey of closed- and open-ended questions about finding and evaluating scientific papers, including a task to read a linked scientific paper and answer questions about it. Results: A total of 226 individuals responded to the survey. The sections of a scientific paper that were most commonly read were the abstract, introduction, and conclusions. Students who reported reading a higher proportion of scientific papers were more likely to feel confident in their abilities to interpret them. A third of respondents answered open-ended questions after the paper reading task. Respondents felt the least amount of confidence with one of the final steps of evidence-based medicine, that of interpreting the significance of the paper to apply it in veterinary medicine. Conclusions: DVM students may lack the skills needed to evaluate scientific literature and need more practice and feedback in evaluating and interpreting scientific papers. Librarians who support DVM students can (1) help DVM students to efficiently evaluate scientific literature, (2) seek training opportunities in alternative modes of teaching and learning IL skills, and (3) partner with veterinary faculty and clinicians to provide students with practice and feedback in information evaluation.
Connecting omics signatures of diseases, drugs, and mechanisms of actions with iLINCS

Abstract There are only a few platforms that integrate multiple omics data types, bioinformatics tools, and interfaces for integrative analyses and visualization that do not require programming skills. Among these, iLINCS is unique in scope and versatility of the data provided and the analytics facilitated. iLINCS (http://ilincs.org) is an integrative web-based platform for analysis of omics data and signatures of cellular perturbations. The platform facilitates analysis of user-submitted omics signatures of diseases and cellular perturbations in the context of a large compendium of pre-computed signatures (>200,000), as well as mining and re-analysis of the large collection of omics datasets (>12,000), pre-computed signatures, and their connections. Analytics workflows driven by user-friendly interfaces enable users with only conceptual understanding of the analysis strategy to execute sophisticated analyses of omics signatures, such as systems biology analyses and interpretation of signatures, mechanism of action analysis, and signature-driven drug repositioning. In summary, iLINCS workflows integrate vast omics data resources and a range of analytics and interactive visualization tools into a comprehensive platform for analysis of omics signatures.
Moderating effect of partner smoking on pregnant women’s intention to stop smoking: applying the reasoned action approach

Background: Pregnant women are a priority for cessation interventions. Guided by the Reasoned Action Approach, this study tested whether partner’s smoking status moderated the effects of attitude, ...
Lost in Translation? Critical Pedagogy in the Online Classroom

Critical pedagogies provide the tools for students and instructors to challenge the institutions and assumptions inherent in nonprofit education and practice that perpetuate the wicked problems of public service. Because of the high demand for online courses in nonprofit education, elements that have made critical pedagogy effective must find their place in the delivery of online education. We conducted a deep dive into the scholarship of nonprofit education to operationalize critical pedagogy. The discipline of nonprofit education possesses the tools of critical pedagogy in the faceto- face classroom but little evidence of online techniques. We synthesized pedagogical practice to incorporate critical pedagogy in the online nonprofit classroom. We provide a teaching schema rooted in critical pedagogy. Subscribe to JNEL
Demand-Adaptive Route Planning and Scheduling for Urban Hub-based High-Capacity Mobility-on-Demand Services

In this study, we propose a three-stage framework for the planning and scheduling of high-capacity mobility-on-demand services (e.g., micro transit and flexible transit) at urban activity hubs. The proposed framework consists of (1) the route generation step to and from the activity hub with connectivity to existing transit systems, and (2) the robust route scheduling step which determines the vehicle assignment and route headway under demand uncertainty. Efficient exact and heuristic algorithms are developed for identifying the minimum number of routes that maximize passenger coverage, and a matching scheme is proposed to combine routes to and from the hub into roundtrips optimally. With the generated routes, the robust route scheduling problem is formulated as a two-stage robust optimization problem. Model reformulations are introduced to solve the robust optimization problem into the global optimum. In this regard, the proposed framework presents both algorithmic and analytic solutions for developing the hub-based transit services in response to the varying passenger demand over a short-time period. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted for planning the HHMoD services at the JFK airport in New York City (NYC). The results show the superior performance of the proposed route generation algorithm to maximize the citywide coverage more efficiently. The results also demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of the robust route schedules under normal demand conditions and against worst-case-oriented realizations of passenger demand.
COVID-19 Transmission in US Child Care Programs.

OBJECTIVES: Central to the debate over school and child care reopening is whether children are efficient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmitters and are likely to increase community spread when programs reopen. We compared COVID-19 outcomes in child care providers who continued to provide direct in-person child care during the first 3 months of the US COVID-19 pandemic with outcomes in those who did not. METHODS: Data were obtained from US child care providers (N = 57 335) reporting whether they had ever tested positive or been hospitalized for COVID-19 (n = 427 cases) along with their degree of exposure to child care. Background transmission rates were controlled statistically, and other demographic, programmatic, and community variables were explored as potential confounders. Logistic regression analysis was used in both unmatched and propensity score–matched case-control analyses. RESULTS: No association was found between exposure to child care and COVID-19 in both unmatched (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–1.38) and matched (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.73–1.21) analyses. In matched analysis, being a home-based provider (as opposed to a center-based provider) was associated with COVID-19 (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.14–2.23) but revealed no interaction with exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Within the context of considerable infection mitigation efforts in US child care programs, exposure to child care during the early months of the US pandemic was not associated with an elevated risk for COVID-19 transmission to providers. These findings must be interpreted only within the context of background transmission rates and the considerable infection mitigation efforts implemented in child care programs.
Chapter 12: Leveraging Technology for Attaining Sustainable Development Goal 3: The Road Ahead

In 2015, all member states of the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an urgent call for action in a global partnership to promote peace and prosperity. This is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development endorsed by all nations to end poverty and enhance living conditions for all with careful stewardship of our planet’s natural resources. Fulfillment of the 17 SDGs by 2030 requires shared responsibility, innovative strategies, data-driven actions, transparency, accountability, and appropriate application of technology. This chapter addresses the role of technology in advancing SDG 3 and how best to leverage it to move forward in the years ahead to achieve the targets. The catalytic role of technology is explored along with challenges to its adoption and possible solutions to overcome barriers. Recommendations for overcoming challenges as well as leveraging technology for the attainment of SDG 3 are provided.
Appraisal of the entrustable professional activities interprofessional team member domain performed by North Dakota pharmacists.

Objective To quantify the use of the interprofessional team member (ITM) domain of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) by North Dakota pharmacists across practice sites, roles in practice, and by preceptor status. Methods Survey methods were used to characterize the self-reported frequency with which pharmacists undertake core EPAs and supporting tasks in the ITM domain. The survey was administered to registered pharmacists practicing in North Dakota (n=990) during the fall of 2018, of which 457 (46.1%) responded. After eliminating responses with incomplete or missing information, 119 responses were available for analysis. Results For the overall EPA ITM domain, "Collaborate as a member of an interprofessional team population" pharmacists reported performing these activities an average (mean) of 3.3 times per month (SD=2.3). Within this domain, the highest reported example activity was "Use setting appropriate communication skills when interacting with others" (mean=4.1, SD 1.8), followed by "Communicate a patient's medication-related problem(s) to another health professional" (mean=3.3, SD 2.0), and "Contribute medication-related expertise to the team's work" (mean=3.1, SD=2.2). ITM domain and supporting example activities were performed at a greater rate in hospitals, community health centers and long-term-care facilities. For most items, preceptors reported a greater use of activities, than did non-preceptors. Conclusions North Dakota pharmacists currently complete tasks outlined in the ITM domain of the EPAs, although their contributions are varied by task, role, and preceptor status.
On Turning Away from “The Empirical Turn” (But not Necessarily Towards the Transcendental)

In my comments, I address two issues that are important but not central to the paper under review here. First, I present a reading of the postphenomenological concept of multistability by going back to Merleau-Ponty’s notion of the primacy of perception. I conclude that assertions affirming the multistability of technologies should not be seen as merely empirical. Second, I address the adequacy of using the language of ‘empirical’ and ‘transcendental’ as a means to categorize exclusionary approaches in philosophy of technology.
Abstract P040: The Effect Of Weight Loss And Aerobic Exercise Training On The American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7

There is limited evidence on the impact of weight loss via caloric restriction and aerobic exercise on Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), a health assessment tool used by the American Heart Association to prom...
The reaction of H + CH2O: addition vs. abstraction

The reaction of H and CH2O, which plays an important role in combustion of hydrocarbons and alcohols, was studied in details using high-level coupled cluster calculations to construct a potential e...
Course-based Undergraduate Research Module for Enzyme Discovery Using Protein Structure Prediction

A major challenge for science educators is teaching foundational concepts while introducing their students to current research. Here we describe an active learning module developed to teach protein structure fundamentals while supporting ongoing research in enzyme discovery. It can be readily implemented in both entry-level and upper-division college biochemistry or biophysics courses. Pre-activity lectures introduced fundamentals of protein secondary structure and provided context for the research projects, while a homework assignment familiarized students with 3D visualization of biomolecules using UCSF Chimera, a free protein structure viewer. The activity is an online survey in which students compare structure elements in papain, a well-characterized cysteine protease from Carica papaya, to novel homologous proteases identified from the genomes of an extremophilic microbe (Halanaerobium praevalens) and two carnivorous plants (Drosera capensis and Cephalotus follicularis). Students were then able to identify, with varying levels of accuracy, a number of structural features in cysteine proteases that could expedite the identification of novel or biochemically interesting cysteine proteases for experimental validation in a university laboratory. Student responses to a post-activity survey were largely positive and constructive, describing points in the activity that could be improved and indicating that the activity helped them learn about protein structure.
5G-IoT Architecture for Next Generation Smart Systems

Next Generation 5G networks are of prime importance to meet the increasing demands of emerging IoT applications and industry verticals for high throughputs and ultra-reliable low latency communication. Future IoT services also require high scalability and Internet connectivity for a wide range of applications, including various mobility scenarios. Communication systems developed so far have not been able to fully address the requirements of IoT applications. However, 5G has the capability to satisfy these needs and provides key enabling technologies for ubiquitous deployment of the IoT technology. We propose and evaluate a novel 5G-IoT architecture using Simu5G network simulator for enabling future IoT systems to support next generation applications. The proposed 5G-IoT architecture is shown to achieve high throughputs of around 1 Gbps with sub-millisecond latency and ultra-high reliability for scalable next generation smart systems.
Der technologische Wandel in neoklassisch orientierten Ansätzen der Industrieökonomik — eine abschließende Bewertung

“The literature on the economics of scientific and technological change presents a puzzle” (Dasgupta 1988, S. 66). Anliegen dieses Buches war es, die vorhandenen Puzzle-Stucke zu sortieren, teilweise zu erganzen und schlieslich zu einem moglichst geschlossenen Bild des technologischen Wandels zusammenzufugen. In seiner Gesamtheit last sich dieses Bild nur durch das Zusammenspiel von technologischen und strukturellen Elementen in den einzelnen Markten erklaren. Die Marktstruktur stellt einerseits eine wesentliche Determinante des Innovations- und Diffusionsprozesses dar, unterliegt aber gleichzeitig auch selbst einer evolutorischen Dynamik im Prozes des technologischen Wandels. Als konzeptioneller Rahmen wurde die theoretische Industrieokonomik gewahlt. Da sie definitionsgemas die industriellen Markte als Analyseebene zugrundelegt, scheint sie (im Gegensatz zur MakroOkonomik) fur das gestellte Thema geradezu pradestiniert zu sein. Nicht zu Unrecht werden die hier diskutierten Erklarungsansatze einer “Theorie des technologischen und strukturellen Wandels” bereits als recht erfolgversprechend beurteilt (vgl. etwa Jaeger 1986, S. 137).
Socio-technical Gaps Exposed by the United States Department of Education’s Teacher Incentive Fund Grant Program

The United States (U.S.) Department of Education’s Teacher Incentive Fund provides financial support for local school districts, state agencies, and non-governmental agencies to design and implement performance-based compensation systems that reward teachers and leaders who improve student learning. These policies put pressure on data systems and the social systems of supporting organizations to adapt tools and procedures designed for administration and scheduling to deliver high-stakes outcome results. This misfit has led to system failure in some early implementations. It has also led to the development of new technical solutions and unlikely partnerships between social actors in these spaces.