cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF COOKING METHODS ON PEELABILITY AND APPEARANCE OF EGGS1

Ease of peeling and appearance of eggs cooked by cold water, boiling water and steam pressure methods were compared using oiled and unoiled fresh and stored eggs. Several time-pressure combinations for steam cooking of hard cooked eggs were investigated. Best results for both appearance and peeling time were from eggs cooked at 7.5 psi and 12.5 min. Ten psi for 10 min and 15 psi for 7.5 min also gave excellent results. Fresh eggs and eggs stored up to 16 days, oiled and unoiled, peeled quickest and had the best appearance when cooked by the steam pressure method. Rapid release of pressure at the end of cooking caused many shells to crack which added to ease of peeling.
Teachers as Predictors of Juvenile Delinquency and Psychiatric Disturbance

shown that teachers can identify rather accurately children who are in need of psychological services as well as those who are likely to appear in juvenile courts. Mitchell, Thompson, Ullmann, Bower, et al., and Glidewell, et al., for example, report that teacher ratings of problem children correlate highly with those of psychologists, psychiatrists and psychiatric social workers.' FitzSimons has shown that teachers make accurate
William James, public philosopher

"Cotkin provides a gracefully written and consistently intelligent defense of James and pragmatism that deserves a wide audience among intellectual historians and their students."--Robert C. Bannister, 'American Historical Review.'
Activation of Bovine Neutrophil Functions by Interferon-gamma, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha, and Interleukin-1 alpha

Neutrophils are the first line of defence against microbial infections. They are important in protecting the bovine mammary gland against environmental and pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Neutrophils in the peripheral blood of healthy cows are functionally a heterogeneous population of cells with markedly varied phagocytic and oxidative activities. Several cytokines have been found to augment leucocyte functions in humans and animal studies. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine if recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) would potentiate the functional activity of bovine blood neutrophils, thereby providing a possible means to manipulate the resistance of cows to microbial infections. Neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of nine Holstein-Friesian heifers, with a purity of 89%–96% and viability greater than 98%. Aliquots of neutrophils were incubated with five concentrations of rhIL-1 alpha (0.001–10 ng/ml), rhTNF-alpha (0.5–1000 ng/ml), and rhIFN-gamma (0.01-100 ng/ml) at 37°C for 1 h. Then, fluorescein-labelled opsonised zymosan particles were added and the neutrophil suspensions were incubated further for 30 min to evaluate phagocytic activity by fluorescence microscopy. Similarly, unlabelled opsonised zymosan particles and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) were added and incubation was carried out for 15 min to evaluate oxidative activity by a spectrophotometric method. Chemotactic activity of cytokine-treated neutrophils for E. coli lipopolysaccharide-activated fetal calf serum was evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber method. The results showed that pretreatment of neutrophils with various concentrations of each cytokine enhanced their phagocytic and NBT reductive activities but reduced chemotactic activity. The phagocytic and NBT reductive activities increased significantly (p⩽0.05) with an increase in the concentration of the cytokines.
Synthesis, in vitro pharmacologic characterization, and preclinical evaluation of N-[2-(1′-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-[125I]iodo-4-methoxybenzamide (P[125I]MBA) for imaging breast cancer

The goal of this study was to investigate the potential use of a radioiodinated benzamide, N-[2-(1'-piperidinyl)ethyl]-3-iodo[125I]-4-methoxybenzamide (P[125I]MBA), a sigma receptor binding radioligand for imaging breast cancer. The chemical and radiochemical syntheses of PIMBA are described. The pharmacological evaluation of PIMBA was carried out for sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor sites. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of the radioiodinated benzamide were determined in rats and comparison of P[125I]MBA with Tc-99m sestamibi were made in a rat mammary tumor model. Sigma-1 affinity (Ki) for PIMBA in guinea pig brain membranes using [3H](+)pentazocine was found to be 11.82 +/- 0.68 nM, whereas sigma-2 affinity in rat liver using [3H]DTG (1,3-o-di-tolylguanidine) was 206 +/- 11 nM. Sites in guinea pig brain membranes labeled by P[125I]MBA showed high affinity for haloperidol, (+)-pentazocine, BD1008, and PIMBA (Ki = 4.87 +/- 1.49, 8.81 +/- 1.97, 0.057 +/- 0.005, 46.9 +/- 1.8 nM, respectively). Competition binding studies were carried out in human ductal breast carcinoma cells (T47D). A dose-dependent inhibition of specific binding was observed with several sigma ligands. Ki values for the inhibition of P[125I]MBA binding in T47D cells for haloperidol, N-[2-(1'-piperidinyl)]ethyl]4-iodobenzamide (IPAB), N-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-iodobenzamide (4-IBP), and PIMBA were found to be 1.30 +/- 0.07, 13 +/- 1.5, 5.19 +/- 2.3, 1.06 +/- 0.5 nM, respectively. The in vitro binding data in guinea pig brain membranes and breast cancer cells confirmed binding to sigma sites. The saturation binding of P[125I]MBA in T47D cells as studied by Scatchard analysis showed saturable binding, with a Kd = 94 +/- 7 nM and a Bmax = 2035 +/- 305 fmol/mg of proteins. Biodistribution studies in Sprague-Dawley rats showed a rapid clearance of P[125I]MBA from the normal organs. The potential of PIMBA in imaging breast cancer was evaluated in Lewis rats bearing syngeneic RMT breast cancers, a cancer that closely mimics human breast cancer histology. At 1 h postinjection, tumor uptake for P[125I]MBA and Tc-99m sestamibi were found to be 0.35 +/- 0.01 and 0.32 +/- 0.01% injected dose/organ (%ID/g), respectively. The %ID/g for liver, kidneys, and heart were 2, 11, and 20 times lower, respectively, for P[125I]MBA as compared with Tc-sestamibi. Slightly higher uptake of P[125I]MBA in tumors (than Tc-sestamibi) and a low nontarget organ uptake warrants further studies of this and other sigma receptor ligands for their use as breast cancer imaging agents.
Interaction of Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) Nanoparticles with Antigen Presenting Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Background Plant viruses such as Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) are increasingly being developed for applications in nanobiotechnology including vaccine development because of their potential for producing large quantities of antigenic material in plant hosts. In order to improve efficacy of viral nanoparticles in these types of roles, an investigation of the individual cell types that interact with the particles is critical. In particular, it is important to understand the interactions of a potential vaccine with antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system. CPMV was previously shown to interact with vimentin displayed on cell surfaces to mediate cell entry, but the expression of surface vimentin on APCs has not been characterized. Methodology The binding and internalization of CPMV by several populations of APCs was investigated both in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry and fluorescence confocal microscopy. The association of the particles with mouse gastrointestinal epithelium and Peyer's patches was also examined by confocal microscopy. The expression of surface vimentin on APCs was also measured. Conclusions We found that CPMV is bound and internalized by subsets of several populations of APCs both in vitro and in vivo following intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral administration, and also by cells isolated from the Peyer's patch following gastrointestinal delivery. Surface vimentin was also expressed on APC populations that could internalize CPMV. These experiments demonstrate that APCs capture CPMV particles in vivo, and that further tuning the interaction with surface vimentin may facilitate increased uptake by APCs and priming of antibody responses. These studies also indicate that CPMV particles likely access the systemic circulation following oral delivery via the Peyer's patch.
β1 integrin expression on endothelial cells is required for angiogenesis but not for vasculogenesis

Integrins are a family of cell adhesion receptors that are involved in cell-matrix and cell-cell communications. They facilitate cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Using the Cre-Lox system, we deleted beta1 integrin on Tie2-positive (Tie2-cre beta1 Int (fl/fl)) vascular endothelial cells. Deletion of beta1 integrin on vascular endothelial cells results in embryonic lethality. Blood vessel defects are encountered in the Tie2-Cre beta1 Int (fl/fl) embryos at embryonic age (E9.5), and embryos die before reaching E10.5. The embryos exhibit growth retardation and both histological evaluation and PECAM-1 staining of E9.5 embryos revealed defects in angiogenic sprouting and vascular branching morphogenesis. Large and medium-size vessel formation is not affected in these embryos. Angiogenic defects were observed in several regions of the embryo and yolk sacs. These results indicate that beta1 integrin expression on vascular endothelial cells is crucial for embryonic angiogenesis but dispensable for vasculogenesis.
Biomimetic approach to synthesize sensitizers for hybrid solar cells

Natural light harvesting organisms use self-assembled dye structures to absorb light and transfer energy. These self-assembled structures have high extinction coefficient and transfer energy efficiently. Aerosol-based method of electrospray deposition is demonstrated to assemble dyes and also deposit the structures onto a surface. The kinetics of assembly are studied to understand the optimal conditions for assembly. Finally a concept of novel device using self-assembled structures which allows broad absorption spectrum and increased efficiency is explained.
Peptidase E, a Peptidase Specific for N-Terminal Aspartic Dipeptides, Is a Serine Hydrolase

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium peptidase E (PepE) is an N-terminal Asp-specific dipeptidase. PepE is not inhibited by any of the classical peptidase inhibitors, and its amino acid sequence does not place it in any of the known peptidase structural classes. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of PepE with a number of related sequences has allowed us to define the amino acid residues that are strongly conserved in this family. To ensure the validity of this comparison, we have expressed one of the most distantly related relatives (Xenopus) in Escherichia coli and have shown that it is indeed an Asp-specific dipeptidase with properties very similar to those of serovar Typhimurium PepE. The sequence comparison suggests that PepE is a serine hydrolase. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to change all of the conserved Ser, His, and Asp residues and have found that Ser120, His157, and Asp135 are all required for activity. Conversion of Ser120 to Cys leads to severely reduced (10(4)-fold) but still detectable activity, and this activity but not that of the parent is inhibited by thiol reagents; these results confirm that this residue is likely to be the catalytic nucleophile. These results suggest that PepE is the prototype of a new family of serine peptidases. The phylogenetic distribution of the family is unusual, since representatives are found in eubacteria, an insect (Drosophila), and a vertebrate (Xenopus) but not in the Archaea or in any of the other eukaryotes for which genome sequences are available.
The fine structure of campaniform sensilla on the halteres of Drosophila melanogaster

The campaniform sensilla on halteres of Drosophila were studied by electron microscopy in order to establish the relationships of functional elements in the sensory system. The surface of the sensillum consists of an oval cuticular cap membrane which may contain resilin, the rubberlike protein. A border of denser cuticle rings the cap membrane, and extending down around the neural process is a third type of cuticle filled with a fourth light fibrous type. The four cuticular components form a system for displacement of the neural process. The neural process is differentiated into a terminal fan-shaped structure projecting from a bulbous dilatation which tapers to a neck region ending proximally with two basal bodies. The neural process is packed with microtubules. Surrounding the dendrite is an inner enveloping cell, attached to the basal body region by septate desmosomes and by desmosomes to which microtubules of the enveloping cell are applied. An outer enveloping cell surrounds the inner one. The tip of the neural process is covered with a dense secretion which is tightly bound to the cap membrane. The dense secretion is surrounded by an extracellular fluid which might be compressed hydraulically by the cuticular system. The stimulus of cuticular distortion could thus be transmitted to the neural process which may be displaced between its fixed ends.
Mechanisms of C-peptide-mediated rescue of low O2-induced ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with type 2 diabetes.

The circulating erythrocyte, by virtue of the regulated release of ATP in response to reduced oxygen (O2) tension, plays a key role in maintaining appropriate perfusion distribution to meet tissue ...
Fluorescence emission spectra of Photosystem I, Photosystem II and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex of higher plants

Fluorescence emission spectra excited at 514 and 633 nm were measured at -196 degrees C on dark-grown bean leaves which had been partially greened by a repetitive series of brief xenon flashes. Excitation at 514 nm resulted in a greater relative enrichment of the 730 nm emission band of Photosystem I than was obtained with 633 nm excitation. The difference spectrum between the 514 nm excited fluorescence and the 633 nm excited fluorescence was taken to be representative of a pure Photosystem I emission spectrum at -196 degrees C. It was estimated from an extrapolation of low temperature emission spectra taken from a series of flashed leaves of different chlorophyll content that the emission from Photosystem II at 730 nm was 12% of the peak emission at 694 nm. Using this estimate, the pure Photosystem I emission spectrum was subtracted from the measured emission spectrum of a flashed leaf to give an emission spectrum representative of pure Photosystem II fluorescence at -196 degrees C. Emission spectra were also measured on flashed leaves which had been illuminated for several hours in continuous light. Appreciable amounts of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein, which has a low temperature fluorescence emission maximum at 682 nm, accumulate during greening in continuous light. The emission spectra of Photosystem I and Photosystem II were subtracted from the measured emission spectrum of such a leaf to obtain the emission spectrum of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein at -196 degrees C.
Experimental techniques for detection of components extracted from model 193 nm immersion lithography photoresists

Extraction of small molecule components into water from photoresist materials designed for 193 nm immersion lithography has been observed. Leaching of photoacid generator (PAG) has been monitored using three techniques: liquid scintillation counting (LSC); liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS); and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). LSC was also used to detect leaching of residual casting solvent (RCS) and base. The amount of PAG leaching from the resist films, 30−50 ng/cm2, was quantified using LSC. Both LSC and LCMS results suggest that PAG and photoacid leach from the film only upon initial contact with water (within 10 s) and minimal leaching occurs thereafter for immersion times up to 30 min. Exposed films show an increase in the amount of photoacid anion leaching by upward of 20% relative to unexposed films. Films pre-rinsed with water for 30 s showed no further PAG leaching as determined by LSC. No statistically significant amount of residual casting solvent was extracted after 3...
Bacterial proteins: A new class of cancer therapeutics

Cancer is a complex disease with a network of multiple metabolic pathways that are interlinked to promote growth and resist immune surveillance.Â Such a network is efficiently maintained through acquisition of multiple mutations in the human genome that result in the escape from normal cellular growth regulation and formation of lumps ofÂ fast growing cells known as tumors.Â The varied pathways through which cancer cells grow and inhibit their own cell death have made it difficult to develop effective drugs either to prevent the emergence of tumors or to check their rapid growth.Â Current anticancer drugs are either small molecules or monoclonal antibodies that target and inhibit a key important step in cancer progression pathway, thereby significantly inhibiting their proliferation.Â No effective drug or vaccine exists to prevent cancer initiation and drug resistance and toxicity are major problems in cancer chemotherapy.Â This article describes recent attempts to develop bacterial proteins that are used as weapons by certain pathogenic bacteria with long term residence in human bodies to prevent invasion of their habitat by invaders such as cancers, viruses or parasites.Â In one instance, such a protein, termed azurin, has been shown not only to have entry specificity in cancer cells and prevent cancer cell growth by interfering in multiple pathways by which cancer cells grow, but also to prevent induction of pre-cancerous lesion formation triggered by a potent carcinogen.Â A 28 amino acid peptide derived from azurin, p28, also shows similar anticancer and cancer preventive activity.Â In phase I human clinical trials, chemically-synthesized p28 has shown very little toxicity but significant beneficial effects, including partial and sometimes complete regression of metastatic refractory solid tumors in 15 advanced stage (stage IV) cancer patients where no conventional drugs were working.Â A second such protein, termed ATP-01, very different from azurin and obtained from a different bacterium, has shown similar anticancer and anti-HIV/AIDS activity and a 30 amino acid peptide derived from it has anticancer activity similar to p28.Â It would be of great interest to test these two proteins, should they prove to be non-toxic and non-immunogenic in humans, and the peptides derived from them, for their efficacy in cancer therapy and prevention.Â Such efficacies can be tested, singly or in combination, in vulnerable people such as people with predisposition to cancer (women with BRCA1/2 mutations, for example) or in HIV/AIDS patients with Kaposiâ€™s sarcoma or other forms of cancer.
Exploring Intrasite Patterning and Assemblage Variation on Historic Sheepherder Camps

Nine historic sheepherder camps in northern Wyoming are the basis for this study of intrasite artifact patterning and intersite assemblage variation. The sites all represent a single functional type. Variation between sites results from natural disturbance processes and cultural factors such as idiosyncrasies in occupants' behaviors, differential curation of artifacts, chance occurrences of artifact loss and discard, and length, season and number of occupations. Intrasite patterning is evident and a drop, toss and throw zone can be defined for most sites. This aids in determining the prior location and orientation of the herders' wagons on the sites. The density of the material aids in determining the number of occupations. Assemblage differences between sites are significant and should caution us of potential problems in studies comparing small assemblages from sites such as temporary collecting stations of hunters and gatherers.
Rapid Birth–Death Evolution Specific to Xenobiotic Cytochrome P450 Genes in Vertebrates

Genes vary greatly in their long-term phylogenetic stability and there exists no general explanation for these differences. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene superfamily is well suited to investigating this problem because it is large and well studied, and it includes both stable and unstable genes. CYP450 genes encode oxidase enzymes that function in metabolism of endogenous small molecules and in detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. Both types of enzymes have been intensively studied. My analysis of ten nearly complete vertebrate genomes indicates that each genome contains 50–80 CYP450 genes, which are about evenly divided between phylogenetically stable and unstable genes. The stable genes are characterized by few or no gene duplications or losses in species ranging from bony fish to mammals, whereas unstable genes are characterized by frequent gene duplications and losses (birth–death evolution) even among closely related species. All of the CYP450 genes that encode enzymes with known endogenous substrates are phylogenetically stable. In contrast, most of the unstable genes encode enzymes that function as xenobiotic detoxifiers. Nearly all unstable CYP450 genes in the mouse and human genomes reside in a few dense gene clusters, forming unstable gene islands that arose by recurrent local gene duplication. Evidence for positive selection in amino acid sequence is restricted to these unstable CYP450 genes, and sites of selection are associated with substrate-binding regions in the protein structure. These results can be explained by a general model in which phylogenetically stable genes have core functions in development and physiology, whereas unstable genes have accessory functions associated with unstable environmental interactions such as toxin and pathogen exposure. Unstable gene islands in vertebrates share some functional properties with bacterial genomic islands, though they arise by local gene duplication rather than horizontal gene transfer.
Inhibition of prostanoid formation in intact cells by 2,5‐di‐(tert‐butyl)‐1,4‐benzohydroquinone, a blocker of Ca2+‐ATPases

1 The blocker of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ) was shown to inhibit formation of prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin in the osteoblast-like cell lines, MC3T3-E1 and ROS 17/2.8, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.5-1 microM. Inhibition was observed with various stimuli (arachidonic acid, bradykinin, melittin and calcium ionophore, A23187). 2 This effect was also observed in human platelets, where BHQ dose-dependently blocked thromboxane biosynthesis and formation of 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid after stimulation with arachidonic acid, but not formation of 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid. 3 Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 formation in MC3T3-E1 cells was not observed with thapsigargin after stimulation with arachidonic acid, A23187 or melittin, whereas bradykinin-induced prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis was blocked. 4 Taken together, the results suggest a direct inhibitory action of BHQ on the cyclo-oxygenase in these three cell systems.
New stars : Eight polyisobutylene arms emanating from a calixarene core

The first synthesis of well-defined star polymers consisting of eight polyisobutylene (PIB) arms emanating from a calixarene core is described. The synthesis was accomplished with the use of octafu...
Intraocular lymphoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 705–710 Abstract. Purpose: To describe clinical experience in the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in patients with one or more discrete intraocular infiltrative lesions and limited or absent intravitreal tumour cells. Methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis of patients who underwent intraocular FNAB of a solid retinal, subretinal pigment epithelial or uveal tumour that proved to be a malignant lymphoma. Results: After exclusions, our study group consisted of seven patients, each of whom had one or more discrete intraocular infiltrative lesions and limited or absent intravitreal tumour cells and underwent a diagnostic intraocular FNAB that confirmed malignant intraocular lymphoma cytopathologically. These included three patients with one or more geographic yellow subretinal pigment epithelial infiltrates and one patient each with a prominent nodular white subretinal pigment epithelial tumour, a rapidly developing solid placoid choroidal mass, a haemorrhagic retinal infiltrative lesion and an infiltrative iris tumour, respectively. A prominent feature of virtually all aspirates was a large proportion of degenerated lymphoid cells in the background. Cytologically intact tumour cells ranged from relatively homogeneous small round cells with large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio to pleomorphic large cells with irregular knob-like nuclear protrusions. Immunocytochemical stains for lymphoid markers were helpful in confirming the pathological diagnosis of lymphoma in the five patients in whom this testing was performed. Conclusion: FNAB was a useful diagnostic tool in the described subgroup of patients with suspected intraocular lymphoma. FNAB should be considered as a diagnostic option in selected patients with suspected intraocular lymphoma, especially if there are few or no vitreous cells.
Constitutive relationships for aligned discontinuous fibre composites

Abstract Predictions for the effective viscosities of a hyper-anisotropic medium consisting of collimated, discontinuous fibres suspended in a viscous matrix developed earlier by the authors have been extended to capture the characteristics of typical polymers including non-Newtonian behaviour and temperature dependence. In addition, the influence of fibre misorientation has also been modelled by compliance averaging to determine ensemble properties for a given orientation distribution.
Electron Microscopy of Annealed (Ni,Zn,Co)Fe2O4

(Ni,Zn)Fe2O4 samples containing small amounts of Co were characterized in a transmission electron microscope to ascertain the micro structural changes accompanying low-temperature oxidation of the samples. Although no new features resulting from oxidation were observed, prominent surjace reduction occurred in the thin foil specimens. Formation and growth of Ni particles on the ferrite surface are explained using the heats of formation of the oxides.2
Plant invasion of native grassland on serpentine soils has no major effects upon selected physical and biological properties

Plant invasions alter soil microbial community composition; this study examined whether invasion-induced changes in the soil microbial community were reflected in soil aggregation, an ecosystem property strongly influenced by microorganisms. Soil aggregation is regulated by many biological factors including roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae, and microbially-derived carbon compounds. We measured root biomass, fungal-derived glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), and aggregate mean weight diameter in serpentine soils dominated by an invasive plant (Aegilops triuncialis (goatgrass) or Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle)), or by native plants (Lasthenia californica and Plantago erecta, or Hemizonia congesta). Root biomass tended to increase in invaded soils. GRSP concentrations were lower in goatgrass-dominated soils than native soils. In contrast, starthistle dominated soil contained a higher amount of one fraction of GRSP, easily extractable immunoreactive soil protein (EE-IRSP) and a lower amount of another GRSP fraction, easily extractible Bradford reactive soil protein (EE-BRSP). Soil aggregation increased with goatgrass invasion, but did not increase with starthistle invasion. In highly aggregated serpentine soils, small increases in soil aggregation accompanying plant invasion were not related to changes in GRSP and likely have limited ecological significance.
Flash hydrogenation of a bituminous coal.

Flash heating of Illinois coal (to 700°C in 1 second) in flowing hydrogen at 100 atmospheres, limiting the vapor residence time at 700°C to 3 seconds, converts 14 percent of the coal9s carbon to methane, 7 percent to ethane, and 10 percent to benzene, toluene, and xylenes. The remainder is coke; the carbon balance shows that heavy tar, if any exists, is less than 3 percent.
The Potential Use of Gingival Crevicular Blood for Measuring Glucose to Screen for Diabetes: An Examination Based on Characteristics of the Blood Collection Site

Background: This study examined conditions under which gingival crevicular blood (GCB) could be used to obtain a useful glucose reading to screen for undiagnosed diabetes during routine dental visits.Methods: GCB and capillary finger-stick blood (CFB) glucose readings obtained with a glucometer were compared for 46 patients recruited from an urban university dental clinic. Study participants were divided into two groups based on probing depth or bleeding on probing (BOP) at the site of collection of the GCB sample. Group 1 participants had blood collected from sites with adequate BOP to obtain a sample without touching the tooth or gingival margin, whereas group 2 participants had blood collected from sites with little or no bleeding. For each group, Pearson correlations were calculated for glucose readings obtained using GCB and CFB samples, and the limits of agreement between the two samples were examined.Results: For group 1 participants, correlations between CFB and GCB glucose readings were high (0.8...
Thermoelastic properties of fiber composites with imperfect interface

Abstract Imperfect interface conditions are defined in terms of linear relations between interface tractions and displacement jumps. All of the thermoelastic properties of unidirectional fiber composites with such interface conditions are evaluated on the basis of the generalized self consistent scheme (GSCS) model. Results for elastic interphase are obtained as a special case by evaluation of interface parameters in terms of interphase characteristics. Numerical evaluation has shown that imperfect interface may have a significant effect on transverse thermal expansion coefficient, transverse shear and Young's moduli and axial shear modulus, a moderate effect on axial Poisson's ratio, small effect on axial thermal expansion coefficient and an insignificant effect on axial Young's modulus.
First trimester maternal concentrations of thrombin-inhibitor complexes and the presence of histologic placental lesions at delivery.

Objective. Placental fetal vessel thrombosis or vasculitis and retroplacental hematoma have been associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. The activation of thrombin may contribute to the development of thrombosis and inflammation, and can be assessed through the measurement of thrombin-inhibitor complexes.Methods. A nested case–control study was performed within a cohort of women with singleton gestations. Thrombin–antithrombin III (TAT) and Thrombin-Heparin co-factor II (T-HCII) concentrations were measured in first trimester maternal plasma. Cases were defined by retroplacental hematoma and/or fetal vessel thrombosis or vasculitis in the umbilical cord or chorionic plate. Outcomes were analysed with Mann–Whitney U and linear regression.Results. Concentrations of both TAT (p = 0.013) and T-HCII (p = 0.001) from maternal plasma was significantly lower in cases than in controls.Conclusions. The development of placental inflammatory and thrombotic lesions at term may be associated with lower concentration...
Dorsal root projections to the motor nuclei in the cat spinal cord.

The dorsal root projections to the motor nuclei of the L7 spinal cord segment were examined with light and electron microscopy in cats surviving dorsal rhizotomies of L6–S2 for periods of 2–15 days. Light microscopy demonstrated maximal Nauta-Gygax and Fink-Heimer degeneration around large neurons and their dendrites of the motor nuclei within the four to eight day period. Electron microscopy revealed axonal degeneration without any accompanying synaptic knob degeneration. Counts of the synaptic populations in the 12 and 15 day animals revealed that one particular synaptic type, the M knob, occurred less frequently and was smaller in size. In the normal animals the M knob, which was present up to 8 days postoperatively, was a large terminal containing rounded vesicles and making multiple synaptic contacts which had specialized subsynaptic densities. It was found primarily on proximal dendrites of large neurons and was often accompanied by a smaller flattened vesicle knob. All other synaptic knobs described in the normal animal were intact throughout all postoperative periods. The possibility that dorsal root afferents synapse farther out on the motoneuronal dendritic tree, as well as the possibility that few dorsal root terminals synapse on the motoneuronal surface, is discussed. The lack of any morphological evidence for presynaptic inhibition of dorsal root afferents in lamina IX is also discussed and possible alternative mechanisms are considered.
Retinal light-damage in albino rats: Lysosomal enzymes, rhodopsin, and age

The damaging effects incurred during a light-insult on the albino rat retina are studied separately from the resultant loss of visual cells which occurs. Groups of rats, 5-20 weeks of age, are exposed to 48 hr of 80 lux illumination, maintained in the dark for various lengths of time, and then killed. Beginning at light-off and continuing throughout 3 days of darkness, assays are made of (i) outer nuclear layer thickness; (ii) whole retina rhodopsin levels; and (iii) activities of lysosomal proteases known to be important in the degradation of retinal and ocular tissue. It is found that (a) having been given the light-insult, most of the visual cells that will die and disappear do so during the dark, postexposure period; (b) the retinas of all the animals show a limited capability for regenerating rhodopsin after the light-insult but younger animals are somewhat more successful at sustaining this than are older ones; (c) proteolytic enzyme activity is greatest in older animals which are also the ones that lose the most cells.
Nonisothermal gas absorption accompanied by a second‐order irreversible reaction

Etude de l'effet de differents parametres sur l'absorption et des parametres importants pour la comprehension des effets de chaleur locale sur la performance du contacteur. Resolution des equations non lineaires de la theorie du film par la methode de collocation B-spline
Effects of Galantamine, a Nicotinic Allosteric Potentiating Ligand, on Nicotine-Induced Catecholamine Release in Hippocampus and Nucleus Accumbens of Rats

Galantamine, a drug for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, is a novel cholinergic agent with a dual mode of action that inhibits acetylcholinesterase and allosterically modulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs). Nicotine stimulates catecholamine secretion, inducing hippocampal norepinephrine (NE) release, and improves memory consolidation. Thus, the effect of galantamine on nicotine-induced hippocampal NE secretion was investigated. This was compared with the effect of galantamine on nicotine-induced dopamine (DA) release within the nucleus accumbens of the same rat. Nicotine (0.025-0.09 mg/kg i.v.) dose dependently increased NE and DA levels in microdialysates from the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, respectively, of freely moving rats. Pretreatment with galantamine (3.0 mg/kg s.c.) 3 h before nicotine either potentiated NE responses to doses of nicotine that were ineffective alone (0.025-0.045 mg/kg) or significantly enhanced (0.065 mg/kg) NE responses, whereas galantamine was ineffective when administered 2 or 4 h before nicotine. In contrast to its effects on NE, galantamine did not alter accumbal DA responses to any dose of nicotine. These selective effects of galantamine on nicotine-stimulated NE secretion may reflect differences in local neural circuits that use nAChRs to modulate hippocampal NE versus accumbal DA release.
Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation and Equalization for Broadband Wireless Communications

Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is an effective technique for high data rate wireless communication systems suffering from very long intersymbol interference. Most of existing FDE algorithms are limited to quasi-static or slow time-varying fading channels, where least mean squares (LMS) or recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithms were utilized for channel estimation. In this paper, we employ interpolation method to develop channel estimation algorithm in the frequency domain. We show that the new channel estimation algorithm can significantly outperform LMS and RLS algorithms. Numerical examples demonstrate that the new algorithm can track time-varying fading channels with Doppler up to 300-400 Hz. This means, for 1.9 GHz carrier frequency band, the new algorithm can provide good bit error rate performance even if the mobile is moving at a high speed of 170-228 kilo-meters per hour, while the fading channel impulse response is 60 taps long.
Dissolved inorganic carbon profiles and fluxes determined using pH and microelectrodes

Submillimeter depth distributions of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were derived from pH and PcO, profiles measured with microelectrodes in an organic-rich, laboratory-maintained sediment. The DTC profiles were used to calculate diffusive fluxes of DIC across the sediment-water interface. In two experiments, the calculated diffusive fluxes fell within 250% of the total flux of DIC determined by core incubation. An assessment of errors suggests that the microelectrode-derived estimates are not significantly different from measured total DIC fluxes (P = 0.05). It is concluded, therefore, that pH and PcO, microelectrode measurements can be paired to determine finescale pore-water DIC profiles and DIC diffusive fluxes. Problems will arise only in situations in which pH and P,,, gradients are extremely steep or spatially heterogeneous; this is because these conditions can cause mismatching of pH and PcoZ measurements or CO, system disequilibrium.
Alcohol and Sexual Assault

Conservative estimates of sexual assault prevalence suggest that 25 percent of American women have experienced sexual assault, including rape. Approximately one-half of those cases involve alcohol consumption by the perpetrator, victim, or both. Alcohol contributes to sexual assault through multiple pathways, often exacerbating existing risk factors. Beliefs about alcohol’s effects on sexual and aggressive behavior, stereotypes about drinking women, and alcohol’s effects on cognitive and motor skills contribute to alcohol-involved sexual assault. Despite advances in researchers’ understanding of the relationships between alcohol consumption and sexual assault, many questions still need to be addressed in future studies.
A new approach to ralaxed quadratic stabilization for T-S fuzzy systems

In this paper, the problems of quadratic stabilization conditions for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems have been studied. A new quadratic stability condition, which takes into account the knowledge of the membership functionpsilas shape by considering bounds on their cross products, has been proposed. And then a new sufficient condition in terms of linear matrix inequalities is developed to synthesize the state feedback controller that stabilizes the fuzzy systems. An numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Using Information Entropy to Monitor Chief Complaint Characteristics and Quality

As we enter the 'big medical data' era, a new core competency is to continuously monitor quality of data collected from electronic sources, including population surveillance data sources. We describe how entropy, a fundamental information measure, can help monitor the characteristics of chief complaints in an operational surveillance system.
Financial Guarantors and the 2007-2009 Credit Crisis

More than half of the municipal bonds issued between 1995 and 2009 were sold with bond insurance. During the credit crisis the perceived credit quality of the financial guarantors fell, and yields on insured bonds exceeded yields on equivalent uninsured issues. It does not appear that either property and casualty insurers or open-end municipal mutual funds were dumping insured bonds; analysis of holdings data indicates that their propensity to sell bonds was unusually low for the issues insured by troubled insurers. At least on a bond-by-bond basis, the yield inversion phenomenon is also not explained by the rapid liquidation of Tender Option Bond (TOB) programs, which disproportionately held insured issues. Finally, during the recent crisis the insured bonds have become significantly less liquid than uninsured municipal debt.
Audio Visual Materials

(1953). Audio Visual Materials. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 10, pp. 39-39.
Mapping epicardial fat with multi-detector computed tomography to facilitate percutaneous transepicardial arrhythmia ablation

A sizable portion of ventricular tachycardia circuits are epicardial, especially in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, e.g. Chagas disease. Thus there is a growing interest among the electrophysiologists in transepicardial mapping and myocardial ablation for treatment of arrhythmias. However, increased epicardial fat can be a significant hindrance in procedural success as it can mimic infarct during mapping and can also decrease the effectiveness of ablation. Quantitative knowledge of epicardial fat pre-procedure can potentially significantly facilitate the conduct and outcomes of these procedures. In this study we assessed the epicardial fat distribution and thickness in vivo in 59 patients who underwent multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) for coronary artery assessment using a 16-slice scanner. Multiplanar reconstructions were obtained in the ventricular short axis at the basal, mid ventricular, and near the apex level, and in a four-chamber view. In the short axis slices, we measured epicardial fat diameter in nine segments, and in the four-chamber view, it was measured in five segments. In grooved segments the maximum fat thickness was recorded, while in non-grooved segments thickness at three equally spaced points were averaged. The results were as follows starting clockwise: superior inter-ventricular (IV) groove (all measurements are in mm, in basal, mid ventricular, and apical levels, respectively) (11.2, 8.6, 7.3), left ventricular (LV) superior lateral wall (1.0, 1.5, 1.7), LV inferior lateral wall (1.3, 2.2, 3.5), inferior IV groove (9.2, 6.5, 6.1), right ventricular (RV) diaphragmatic wall (1.4, 0.2, 1.0), acute margin (9.2, 7.3, 7.8), RV anterior free wall inferior (6.8, 4.0, 4.7), RV anterior free wall superior (6.5, 3.2, 3.1), RV superior wall (5.6, 2.7, 4.0), We measured the following four-chamber segments: LV apex (2.8 mm), left atrio-ventricular (AV) groove (12.7), right AV groove (14.8), RV apex (4.8), and anterior IV groove (7.7). The mean epicardial fat thickness for all cases was 5.3 mm (S.D. 1.6). The mean total epicardial fat for patients over 65 was 22% greater than younger patients, with a 36% increase along the RV anterior free wall, 57% along the RV diaphragmatic wall and 38% along the LV lateral wall. Women averaged 17% more total epicardial fat. In conclusion, this study was designed to provide an epicardial fat map for physicians performing percutaneous epicardial mapping and interventions. While the acute margin and RV anterior free wall tend to have high epicardial fat, and the LV lateral wall and RV diaphragmatic wall tend to have little to no fat, there is significant variation between patients. MDCT is a reliable modality for visualizing epicardial fat, and should be considered prior to undergoing procedures that are affected by epicardial fat content, especially in elderly and female populations.
The Use of St. John Chrysostom in Sixteenth-Century Controversy: Christopher St. German and Sir Thomas More in 1533

man canon law in England' we find a citation of St. John Chrysostom used first by St. German and then accepted and repeated by More. The apparent source is Chrysostom's famous commentary on St. Matthew, and this work (translated by Burgundio of Pisa in the later twelfth century) is, as Miss Smalley reminds us, the book "which St. Thomas Aquinas preferred to the whole town of Paris .. ."2 Further involved, of course, is the
Constraining clastic input controls on magnetic susceptibility and trace element anomalies during the Late Devonian punctata Event in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

Terra Nova, 24, 301–309, 2012 Abstract Factor analyses were applied to trace element and magnetic susceptibility (MS) records of the Late Devonian palaeoceanographic ‘punctata Event’ perturbation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin to constrain the extent to which geochemical anomalies were driven by 1) changes in clastic input (Factor 1; 55.1% of total variance) vs. 2) anoxia in the depositional environment (Factor 2; 35.2% of total variance). MS associates only with Factor 1 (r = 0.971) and is significantly correlated (99.9% level) with acid-insoluble limestone residues and clastic proxies (Al, Si, K, Ti, Zr; r = 0.542–0.639). Based on XRD analyses of a small subset of these residues (N = 7), a multivariate linear regression model accounts for 97.7% of total MS variance as a function of variable admixing of illite, pyrite, quartz and feldspar, in turn variably diluted by stratigraphic changes in the total carbonate content.
Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Normative Perspective

Policy makers rely on cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to help them select the best policies and projects to alleviate poverty. But CBA, as practiced in the United States, not only fails to inform policy makers about the best use of scarce resources but helps make poverty worse for many people. International donor organizations—the United Nations, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and World Bank—have sophisticated CBA methods that could better serve policy makers in deciding how to help poor people. The authors look at the results of CBA in four economic development venues—enterprise zones, military base redevelopment, sports stadiums, and business incentives—for developing a critique of cost-benefit practices. A brief program is offered to correct cost-benefit practice, but it is concluded that reform must come not from policy makers and policy analysts who now use CBA but from outsiders who want to influence political systems on behalf of poor people.
Emotional Eavesdropping: Infants Selectively Respond to Indirect Emotional Signals

Two experiments examined whether 18-month-olds learn from emotions directed to a third party. Infants watched an adult perform actions on objects, and an Emoter expressed Anger or Neutral affect toward the adult in response to her actions. The Emoter then became neutral and infants were given access to the objects. Infants' actions were influenced by their memory of the Emoter's affect. Moreover, infants' actions varied as a function of whether they were currently in the Emoter's visual field. If the previously angry Emoter was absent (Experiment 1) or turned her back (Experiment 2), infants did not use the prior emotion to regulate their behavior. Infants learn from emotional eavesdropping, and their subsequent behavior depends on the Emoter's orientation toward them.
Adaptive and maladaptive narcissism among university faculty, clergy, politicians, and librarians

Some adaptive narcissistic characteristics may be prevalent in individuals in occupa-tions that involve leadership or authority, provide social attention and prestige, or require a confident social presentation. The present study investigated the expectation that narcissistic characteristics would be more prevalent in higher status occupations involving frequent opportunities for attention and admiration from others. Of four occupations sampled, politicians scored highest in total narcissism, as well as in leadership and authority; university faculty and librarians did not score particularly high or low on any narcissism indices; and clergy were lowest in exploitativeness and entitlement, which represent the more maladaptive aspects of narcissism. The results were discussed with respect to Holland's (1985) classification of vocational personali-ties.