cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The receptor expression pattern in ductal carcinoma in situ predicts recurrence.

Abstract Background The treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is based on size and pathologic morphology. We hypothesized that as with invasive breast cancer, receptor expression in DCIS is important for predicting recurrence. Methods Retrospective review from 1990 through 2002 identified 94 DCIS patients who had documented estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, Her-2/neu (HER), tumor characteristics, type of surgery, use of radiation or tamoxifen, and site of recurrence. Results Median age and tumor size was 57.5 years and 2.0 cm, respectively. Median follow-up was 4 years. Overall recurrence rate was 6%. The ER-positive/PR-negative/HER-positive receptor pattern represented 50% (3 of 6) of total recurrences ( P = .01). The length of disease-free-survival in the ER-positive/PR-negative/HER-positive receptor pattern was significantly shorter than in the rest of the patients ( P = .0011). Comments Receptor expression may be important in DCIS for predicting recurrence. HER positivity, even with ER positivity, is significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrence.
Laboratory identification and enteropathogenicity testing of Serpulina pilosicoli associated with porcine colonic spirochetosis

Pathogenic intestinal spirochetes of swine include Serpulina hyodysenteriae, a strongly s-hemolytic spirochete that causes swine dysentery, and S. pilosicoli, a weakly s-hemolytic intestinal spirochete (WBHIS) that causes porcine colonic spirochetosis. Because of the existence of nonpathogenic WBHIS in the normal swine colon, it is important to develop laboratory procedures for accurate identification of S. pilosicoli. The purpose of the present study was to assess hippurate hydrolysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ampli- fication of specific 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences for identification of porcine S. pilosicoli. Additionally, the enteropathogenicity of 8 field isolates of porcine S. pilosicoli was determined by challenge exposure of 1-day- old chicks and sequential histologic examination of the cecal mucosa. The field isolates of porcine S. pilosicoli hydrolyzed hippurate and yielded S. pilosicoli-specific products by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA sequences. Although all of the field isolates of porcine S. pilosicoli attached to the cecal epithelium of challenge-exp osed chicks by day 21 postinoculation, some isolates had locally invasive phenotypes. We concluded that identification of porcine S. pilosicoli could be made on the basis of results of hippurate hydrolysis and 16S rRNA PCR amplification. Challenge inoculation of 1-day-old chicks followed by histologic examination of the cecal mucosa demonstrated the enteropathogenicity of porcine S. pilosicoli. Previously, all weakly s-hemolytic intestinal spiro- Europe, and Australia. Additionally, S. pilosicoli has chetes (WBHIS) inhabiting the large intestine of swine a broad host range; spirochetes with a similar mor- were assigned to the nonpathogenic spirochete species, phology have been seen in the cecum and colon of Serpulina innocens. 1,13,16,17,28,29 The porcine WBHIS now human beings, 5,6,30 nonhuman primate, 5,30 dogs, 6 guin- have been shown to consist of a diverse group in ad- ea pigs, 22 and opossums 36 often with clinical signs or
Determination of molecular topology and atomic hybridization states from heavy atom coordinates

A method is presented for the derivation of hybridization states and connectivity within molecules from the atomic numbers and coordinates of heavy atoms. The algorithm utilizes bond length data from studies of the Cambridge Structural Database (Allen et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II, S1, (1987)). The program, IDATM, is useful for processing input to hydrogen-adding routines and molecular mechanics programs, as it minimizes the amount of manual preprocessing required. IDATM has been tested on a range of crystallographically determined structures, including poorly determined structures, with a successful assignment of hybridization for over 99% of the atoms in the set.
Feeding and maturation by soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on soybean affected by weed, fungus, and nematode pests.

Feeding and maturation by the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated in a 2-yr study on ‘Davis’ soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., grown alone and combined with the weed hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rybd. ex. A. W. Hill, the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and the charcoal rot fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Of the three pests, hemp sesbania had the greatest effects on plant growth and insect feeding and maturation. When fed foliage from soybean stressed by hemp sesbania, soybean looper larvae remained longer in feeding stages, consumed more foliage, and showed altered weight gain compared with larvae fed control foliage. Results suggest that nutrient(s) critical for proper development of larvae may have been limited in weed-stressed soybean foliage. Less dramatic results were observed when larvae fed on foliage from soybean with roots colonized by the charcoal rot fungus. Such larvae consumed more foliage, weighed more, and showed a slight increase in larval feeding period, but only in 1 yr of the study. Colonization of soybean roots by the root-knot nematode had no consistent effects on either the soybean host or insect.
Emittance, Brightness, Free-Electron Laser Beam Quality, and the Scaled Thermal Velocity

We discuss the role of emittance, brightness, and other factors affecting the quality of beams in the free electron laser. Since the key parameters in the dynamics of the free electron laser interaction depend on the beam density and axial energy spread of the beam, the ratio of the current density to the relative axial energy spread is taken as a figure of merit for comparing the quality of electron beam sources as potential drivers of free electron lasers. The scaled thermal velocity is introduced as a parameter in estimating the effect of thermal spread in a high gain free electron laser. We find that the effective thermal spread regime can be made small near the cyclotron resonance in field immersed free electron lasers, and the unusual possibility that the efficiency of the fastest growing mode with warm beams can be higher than cold beams. A detailed dispersion relation for the free electron laser interaction where the beam energy distribution is determined by pitch angle scattering and the total beam energy is conserved is presented. Numerical solutions for the growth rate and efficiency are calculated which show a shift to lower phase velocity as a function of momentum spread and an increase in efficiency of the fastest growing mode.
Functional Imaging of Pediatric Malignancies

Pediatric cancers affect approximately 1 of every 600 children under the age of 15 [1]. While there have been many advances in therapy over the last three decades, cancer remains the second most common cause of death in children [2]. Of all of the adult tumors described in previous chapters, only lymphoma, leukemia, and selected brain tumors occur with a high frequency in children. While there are a large number of malignancies that exclusively or primarily affect children, the overall incidence of these tumors is low. This chapter will focus on the most common pediatric tumors: leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, neuroblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, soft tissue/bone sarcomas, and hepatoblastoma. The chapter will describe the unique imaging requirements of pediatric patients as well as the functional imaging used in the most common pediatric tumors.
Racial variations in the use of knee and hip joint replacement: an introduction and review of the most recent literature

Elective knee and hip joint replacements are cost-effective treatment options in the management of end-stage knee and hip osteoarthritis. Yet there are marked racial disparities in the utilization of this treatment even though the prevalence of knee and hip osteoarthritis does not vary greatly by race or ethnicity. This article briefly reviews the rationale for understanding this disparity, the evidence-base that supports the existence of racial or ethnic disparity as well as some known potential explanations. Also, briefly summarized here are the most recent original research articles that focus on race and ethnicity and total joint replacement in the management of chronic knee or hip pain and osteoarthritis. The article concludes with a call for more research, examining patient, provider and system-level factors that underlie this disparity and the design of evidence-based, targeted interventions to eliminate or reduce any inequities.
Potentiation of the Antiplatelet Effect of Aspirin by the Calcium Channel Antagonist Amlodipine

The primary role of platelets in the precipitation of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden death is generally accepted (1). Platelet thrombi are also thought to be significant in transient ischemic attacks and some strokes (2). To protect patients from these thrombotic events, aspirin (3-5) has been primarily utilized in clinical trials. The use of aspirin has been the only successful agent and has been recommended for patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction (1).
Tobacco kills: a call to industry.

![Figure][1] Tobacco use is the common denominator in 40% of all cardiovascular disease cases [(1)][2] and accounts for 480,000 deaths each year as the leading cause of preventable death in the United States [(2)][3]. Not surprisingly, the life expectancy of smokers is 10 years shorter than
The Humid Tropical Ecoregions

Equatorial and tropical air masses largely control the humid tropical group of climates found at low latitudes. Every month of the year has an average temperature above 18 °C, and no winter season. In these tropical systems, the primary periodic energy flux is diurnal: the temperature variation from day to night is greater than from season to season (see Fig. 4.2, p. 29). Average annual rainfall is heavy and exceeds annual evaporation but varies in amount, season, and distribution.
Integrating the ACR Appropriateness Criteria Into the Radiology Clerkship: Comparison of Didactic Format and Group-Based Learning.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to determine whether group-based or didactic teaching is more effective to teach ACR Appropriateness Criteria to medical students. Methods An identical pretest, posttest, and delayed multiple-choice test was used to evaluate the efficacy of the two teaching methods. Descriptive statistics comparing test scores were obtained. Results On the posttest, the didactic group gained 12.5 points ( P P P P Conclusions Compared with didactic lectures, group-based learning is more enjoyable, time efficient, and equally efficacious. The choice of educational method can be individualized for each institution on the basis of group size, time constraints, and faculty availability.
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis of Immature Articular Cartilage following Ischemic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Piglets.

Objective Ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in piglets results in an ischemic injury to the immature articular cartilage. The molecular changes in the articular cartilage in response to ONFH have not been investigated using a transcriptomic approach. The purpose of this study was to perform a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis to identify genes that are upregulated in the immature articular cartilage following ONFH. Methods ONFH was induced in the right femoral head of 6-week old piglets. The unoperated femoral head was used as the normal control. At 24 hours (acute ischemic-hypoxic injury), 2 weeks (avascular necrosis in the femoral head) and 4 weeks (early repair) after surgery (n = 4 piglets/time point), RNA was isolated from the articular cartilage of the femoral head. A microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip Array. An enrichment analysis and functional clustering of the genes upregulated due to ONFH were performed using DAVID and STRING software, respectively. The increased expression of selected genes was confirmed by a real-time qRTPCR analysis. Results Induction of ONFH resulted in the upregulation of 383 genes at 24 hours, 122 genes at 2 weeks and 124 genes at 4 weeks compared to the normal controls. At 24 hours, the genes involved in oxidoreductive, cell-survival, and angiogenic responses were significantly enriched among the upregulated genes. These genes were involved in HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. At 2 weeks, secretory and signaling proteins involved in angiogenic and inflammatory responses, PI3K-Akt and matrix-remodeling pathways were significantly enriched. At 4 weeks, genes that represent inflammatory cytokines and chemokine signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Several index genes (genes that are upregulated at more than one time point following ONFH and are known to be important in various biological processes) including HIF-1A, VEGFA, IL-6, IL6R, IL-8, CCL2, FGF2, TGFB2, MMP1, MMP3, ITGA5, FN and Col6A1 were upregulated in the immature articular cartilage following ONFH. A qRTPCR analysis of selected genes confirmed the upregulated expression observed in the microarray analysis. Conclusion Immature articular cartilage responds to ONFH by the upregulation of genes involved in hypoxic stress response, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling and inflammation. This study provides novel insights into the multi-faceted role of immature articular cartilage, with inflammation as a key component, following ONFH in piglets.
The species ofDioscorea containing sapogenin

Diosgenin, the sapogenin most widely used in the synthesis of steroidal drugs, was first discovered in 1936 by Fujii and Matsukawa. That discovery lay dormant for some years, however, until Marker and his associates (about 1943) revealed the potential use of plant sapogenins for the synthesis of cortisone and other drugs. After World War II, the growing need for steroidal drugs and the high cost of obtaining them from animal sources led to a widespread search for plant sources of steroidal sapogenins. That search has been ably documented by Correll et al. (11). The major program of the United States Department of Agriculture stimulated scores of other expeditions and screening programs of smaller scope among both public and private institutions. These continue today.
Optimality of Buy and Sell Timing Decisions by Investment Fund Managers

We analyze a transaction-level proprietary data set to evaluate the timing of fund managers’ buying and selling activities. Comparing traded stocks’ performance prior to and subsequent to each transaction, we find that fund managers buy at a low price and sell at a high price. Unlike individual investors influenced by behavioral biases, fund managers seem not to be affected by biases such as disposition or endowment effects in making efficient timing decisions when trading stocks. For our sample data, we also find that the fund managers’ actual trading activity performs better than simple contrarian or momentum based strategies.
Screening method for the onset of bonding of molten polyamide resin layers to continuous fiber reinforced laminate sheets

Abstract Thermoplastic polymer composites (TPC) with multiple fabric layers of continuous fiber reinforcement are laminate sheets designed to be thermally stamped and overmolded leading to low cycle times and thus high volume composite parts. Injection over-molding is one way to combine the high processability of thermoplastic melts with the less processable TPC sheets, for complex part making. To simulate the adhesion development during processes like over-molding, a non-isothermal screening method for bonding molten polyamide (PA) to a solid TPC surface has been developed and applied to evaluate differences in the threshold temperatures for good bond formation as a function of TPC matrix composition. Pure PA66 and aromatic high temperature nylons (PPA) in addition to miscible PPA blends comprising different ratios of PA66, were used as TPC matrices, and retain most of the very high melting point of 100% PPA. We have devised experiments to address two critical aspects: The first is to develop a screening test that probes very short timescales relevant to practical part making. The second is to investigate various miscible semi-crystalline blend ratios as matrices for the TPC where both blend species are crystalline. This allows us to explore a practical improvement of a lower required bonding temperature without substantially decreasing the high melting point of the PPA. DSC was also used to correlate the various blend melting transitions with the temperature required for the onset of bonding. The interfaces are shown to develop high strength partly because of substantial surface melting of certain blend components of the initially solid TPC, and this quickly allows interpenetration and inter-diffusion across the interface, which then crystallizes and strengthens during cooling.
Management of a widely disseminated skin rash.

T.J.'s case was interesting from the standpoint of both diagnosis and management. The recommended treatment for this drug reaction was prednisone: however, the use of a steroid in a patient who is neutropenic and has a fever is risky because the because the steroid can mask the symptoms of infection (e.g., fever). Administration of prednisone did help, and the patient experienced a rapid resolution of the skin rash. T.J. will need to avoid the use of these antibiotic agents in the future. Because it is unknown which antibiotic, vancomycin or ceftazidime, caused the allergic reaction, both medicines should be avoided. The decision to rechallenge a patient with a specific drug must be made on an individual basis. Rechallenging of a drug in patients who have had urticarial, bullous, or erythema multiforme-like eruptions can be very dangerous (Padial et al., 2000). Pinpointing the cause of a skin rash can be puzzling. Always ask the patient "Do you take any medicine for any condition (including aspirin, laxatives, vitamins, etc.)? Have you received any shots any shots in the last month?" Keep in mind that any chemical that is ingested can cause a cutaneous drug eruption.
Effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on lower esophageal sphincter

The effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was studied in 50 cats in vivo. CCK-OP caused a dose-dependent fall in LES pressures in all but 4 animals. Maximal sphincter relaxation was obtained with 200 to 400 ng of CCK-OP per kg of body weight. Atropine sulfate and/or hexamethonium, or adrenergic blocking agents (phentolamine or propranolol), in doses that completely inhibit the action of maximal doses of their respective agonists, failed to block the CCK-OP effect. Tetrodotoxin, however, in doses that denervates the LES, antagonized the CCK-OP-induced sphincter relaxation. In these tetrodotoxin-treated animals, CCK-OP produced LES contraction similar to that observed after pentagastrin. These results suggest that CCK-OP stimulates the postganglionic nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory neurons responsible for sphincter relaxation. CCK-OP also stimulates the circular muscle by direct action causing LES contraction. The latter becomes apparent when the innervation of the LES is abolished by tetrodoxtin.
All in the training: Techniques for enhancing karst landscape education through show cave interpretation

Despite the abundance of karst terrains and a universal lack of knowledge about the role they play in supplying freshwater resources, informal environmental education through guided show cave tours is poorly understood. This study evaluated techniques for educating cave guides on how to disseminate information about human–karst interactions to cave visitors. Results revealed the educational quality of material at both privately- and publicly-owned caves is lacking. This study also demonstrated that, by using informal learning theories as a guide, cave managers can alter existing tour content and guide training procedures to increase the educational quality of tours without negatively impacting entertainment value.
Best practices for cross-platform virtual reality development

Virtual Reality (VR) simulations have become a major component of the US Military and commercial training. VR is an attractive training method because it is readily available at a lower cost than traditional training methods. This has led to a staggering increase in demand for VR technology and research. To meet this demand, game engines such as Unity3D and Unreal have made substantial efforts to support various forms of VR, including the HTC Vive, smartphone-enabled devices like the GearVR, and with appropriate plugins, even fully-immersive Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE TM ) systems. Because of this hardware diversity, there is a need to develop VR applications that can operate on several systems, also known as cross-platform development. The goal in developing applications for all these types of systems is to create a consistent user experience across the devices. It is challenging to maintain this consistent user experience, because many VR devices have fundamental differences. Research has begun to explore ways of developing one application for multiple system. The Virtual Reality Applications Center (VRAC) developed a VR football “Game Day” simulation that was deployed to three devices: CAVE TM , Oculus Rift HMD and a mobile HMD. Development of this application presented many learning opportunities regarding cross-platform development. There is no single approach to achieving consistency across VR systems, but the authors hope to disseminate these best practices in cross-platform VR development through the game day application example. This research will help the US Military develop applications to be deployed across many VR systems.
How Early do Social Determinants of Health Begin to Operate? Results From the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.

Abstract Purpose From a life course perspective, important insights about how social determinants of health operate can be gained by analyzing the various forms that social climate can take in different life periods. For children, a critical aspect of social climate is exposure to bullying. Bullying can serve as a proxy for power imbalance and social exclusion analogous to adult social climate of discrimination and racism. Design and Methods We used the Year 9 follow-up data of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3301) that, for the first time included interviews with the children. We drew on a national sample of children and their families, which allowed us to account for broader contextual variables and represented a broad range of geographic areas and schools. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of exposure to bullying on self-rated health among primarily 9- to 10-year-old children while controlling for socio-demographic and diagnosed health-conditions. Results Both frequency and forms of bullying were positively associated with lower odds of reporting excellent, very good or good health. The effect of forms of bullying on children's self-rated health fell on a gradient. Subgroup analysis indicated a significant effect on self-rated health for children who experienced peer rejection but not for those who experienced physical aggression. Conclusions The results of the study provide new evidence that the harmful health consequences of power imbalance and discriminatory practices may extend to children in early development. It also accentuates the need to study social determinants of health from both an ecological/contextual and a developmental angle. Practice Implications Echoing a plethora of nursing literature on the critical role of psycho-social pediatric care, this study further encourages pediatric nurses to expand their assessment and intervention priorities beyond a familial and developmental perspective, and to consider the evident physical health consequence of a child's overall social climate determinants.
An Intersectional Look at the “Rush to Adulthood”: Considering the Role of Gender, Race and SES in the Link Between Precocious Transitions and Adult Antisocial Behavior

Research suggests a link between precocious transitions to adulthood (e.g., high school dropout) and maladaptation, and this association is typically assumed to be uniform. We propose that this mon...
ACQUIRED ABSENCE OF THE ODONTOID PROCESS: A CASE REPORT.

A case is presented of acquired absence of the odontoid process in a child, two and one-half years old, occurring most probably as the result of an ununited fracture. The roentgenographic findings were similar to those reported with congenital absence of the odontoid process.
Teaching Surgeons How to Lead

This chapter examines the importance of teaching leadership to surgeons and adding leadership training and development as part of contemporary surgical education. Teaching leadership to medical students, surgical residents, fellows, and other surgeons is a challenge, and yet it runs to the heart of medical professionalism. If we consider where surgical practice will be in the next 5–10 years, there will be a growing need to train every surgeon to become a more effective leader, and every leader must be a collaborative team player.
Current Procedural Terminology Coding for Surgical Pathology: A Review and One Academic Center's Experience With Pathologist-Verified Coding.

Context.— The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) system is a standardized numerical coding system for reporting medical procedures and services, and is the basis for reimbursement of health care providers by Medicare and other third-party payers. Accurate CPT coding is therefore crucial for appropriate compensation as well as for compliance with Medicare policies, and erroneous coding may result in loss of revenues and/or significant monetary penalties for a hospital or practice. Objective.— To provide a review of the history, current state, and basic principles of CPT coding, in particular as it applies to the practice of surgical pathology, and to present our experience with initiating a new system of pathologist involvement in the review and verification of CPT codes, including the most common codes that require modification in our practice at the time of sign-out or post–sign-out auditing. Data Sources.— Review of English language literature, published CPT resources from the American Medical Associa...
Robust real-time sound pressure level stabilizer for multi-channel hearing aids compression for dynamically changing acoustic environment

Multi-channel compression is one among the most popular techniques of hearing aids of mapping the wide dynamic range of speech signals into the reduced dynamic range of hearing impaired listeners effectively. Most of the Multi-Channel Compressors are particularly designed to manage certain loudness pattern, but it's quite difficult to efficiently capture the dynamically changing acoustics in Real-Time. The proposed method circumvents this problem by providing a contraption to estimate the fluctuating sound pressure level (SPL) and converting it into the desired SPL suitable for Multi-channel compression. This objective of stabilizing the SPL is achieved by incorporating a rapid voice activated detection (VAD), a root mean square (RMS) estimator, a moving average (MA) rectifier and a SPL regulator. Proposed SPL Stabilizer provides the hearing aids compressor with a comparatively constant SPL level input in Real-Time, and there by improves the quality and intelligibility of compression output signal.
Reward points, profit sharing, and valuable coordination mechanism in the O2O era

Abstract When the manufacturer opens an online channel to compete with its retailer, effective mechanisms need to be utilized to coordinate the O2O (online to offline) distributions and thus higher profits can be achieved for all supply chain players. We first propose two mechanisms, which are the manufacturer's financial support in reward points to the retailer and the profit sharing, for the supply chain players to employ in order to mitigate the O2O competition and create a Pareto result. Our results show that the manufacturer's financial support in reward points to the retailer mechanism does alleviate the O2O competition and help improve the profit of each supply chain player; however, the retailer is reluctant to cooperate with the manufacturer to implement a profit sharing. We then propose a novel mechanism, which is the combination of the manufacturer's financial support in reward points to the retailer with the profit sharing, to coordinate the O2O distributions. Our results show that such a mechanism effectively solves the issue of O2O competition and creates much higher profits for supply chain players. Furthermore, our results also show that compared to the simultaneous mode, the leader-follower Stackelberg mode provides no competitive advantage to the manufacturer or the retailer when the combination of the manufacturer's financial support in reward points to the retailer with the profit sharing is utilized to coordinate the O2O distributions.
Simplified Bodywave Source Terms with One Application in Moment Tensor Recovery

It is well known that the elastic equations of motion in spherically symmetric, inhomogeneous media can be transformed into $$\frac{\partial }{{\partial r}}\underline \nu _\ell ^m \left( {r,w} \right) = \underline{\underline m} _\ell \left( {r,w} \right)\underline \nu _\ell ^m \left( {r,w} \right) + \underline F _\ell ^m \left( {r,w} \right)$$ (1) which is formally solved using propagator matrices \(\Lambda\) $$\underline \nu \left( {\underline r ,\omega } \right) = \sum\limits_{\ell ,m} {\underline{\underline \Lambda } } \left( {\underline r ,r',\omega } \right)\underline \nu _\ell ^m \left( {r',\omega } \right) + \int_{r'}^r {\underline{\underline \Lambda } } _\ell ^m \left( {\underline r ,\bar r,\omega } \right)\underline F _\ell ^m \left( {\bar r,\omega } \right)d\bar r$$ (2) The \(\underline \nu _\ell ^m ,\) of course, are traction-displacement vectors and \(\sum\limits_{\ell ,m} { = \sum\limits_{\ell = 0}^\infty {\sum\limits_{m = - \ell }^\ell . } } \) Any scheme for the recovery of the seismic moment tensor requires the calculation of absolute scale synthetic seismograms.
Autobiographical serials, musical cycles: repetition and return in the works of Berlioz

In an 1833 letter, the composer Hector Berlioz likened his life to a novel: “Vous savez combien je suis absorbe, comme ma vie ondule. Un jour, bien calme, poetisant, revant; un autre jour, maux de ...
Solidarity Donors and Popular Education in the West Bank

Since the 1993 Oslo Accords, the Palestinians have been among the world’s highest per capita recipients of non-military foreign aid. While some argue that the dependence of Palestinian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on donor funds diminishes their ability to challenge the Israeli occupation, this chapter explains how aid recipients can resist depoliticization by collaborating with “solidarity” donors on popular education programs. Palestinian educational NGOs and membership-based organizations (MBOs) in the West Bank work in the informal spaces around the donor-funded official Palestinian curriculum to re-insert Palestinian historical narratives into education. Taking a network approach to understanding NGO agency (Ohanyan in International Studies Review 11(3):475–501, 2009), the chapter draws on sixteen original interviews with Palestinian educational NGOs, MBOs and their “solidarity” donors to demonstrate how these actors’ shared visions of education and development as long term, grassroots processes of sociopolitical change challenge the depoliticizing and demobilizing tendencies of the donor-driven development paradigm. The chapter contributes to new theorizing on popular education as a means of cultivating the values and knowledge that support political resistance and ensure cultural survival.
The Main Results of the Present Investigation

The primary question motivating the present research was: What is Frege’s significance with respect to the philosophical tradition? This question was restricted to some aspects of Frege’s thought; in particular, the formal logical aspects of Frege were not considered since their importance has long been established.
Policing people with mental illness: experimental evaluation of online training to de-escalate mental health crises

This study was conducted to complete a proof of concept for a brief online training designed to improve the policing of people with mental illness. The training, positioned within a stress inoculation framework, is scalable worldwide at minimal cost. Our primary intent was to effect improvements in law enforcement officers’ ability to effectively respond to and de-escalate mental health crises. Participants were randomly assigned to either DEFUSE, the online de-escalation training, or a delayed treatment control condition. DEFUSE was evaluated with the full array of measures also used to assess CIT, the most comprehensive mental health training available to law enforcement in the USA. Additionally, DEFUSE was evaluated using a randomized controlled trial design, including additional measures assessing performance competence, knowledge, and satisfaction with the training. Participants initially receiving DEFUSE showed significant improvement in performance competence, assessed from their responses to simulated mental health crises. Multivariate and univariate analyses indicated that DEFUSE produced significant beneficial effects on all CIT measures (empathy, stigma, self-efficacy, and behavioral self-report) with strong effect sizes; control participants obtained comparable benefits after DEFUSE training. DEFUSE appears to be a promising tool for teaching law enforcement officers how to intervene in mental health crises. It provides consistent training at the convenience of the learner and is engaging, time and cost effective, and easily scalable worldwide. Furthermore, participants found it interesting and the skills easy to understand and remember. Future studies will evaluate DEFUSE with a larger law enforcement sample and consider the possibility of collecting longitudinal data on level of force and resolution, referral, and arrest.
Women at risk for hip fracture following decline in bisphosphonate use.

239Background: Hip fractures in older adults are associated with increases in morbidity, mortality, and costs of care. Breast cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and endocrine treatment, inter...
Virtual Simulation in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review Spanning 1996 to 2018.

STATEMENT As virtual simulation is burgeoning, faculty and administrators are asking for evidence of its effectiveness. The objective of this systematic review was to identify how virtual simulation impacts nursing student learning outcomes. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, 80 studies were reviewed. Results indicate that most research (n = 69, 86%) supported virtual simulation as an effective pedagogy to support learning outcomes while highlighting gaps and areas of bias. Adding search terms could have expanded the findings. The body of evidence supports virtual simulation as an effective pedagogy. Future studies should use more robust research designs, prioritize curricular integration of virtual simulation, and determine best practices in virtual simulation methodology.
Pediatric tracheostomy practice patterns.

Abstract Objective Despite recent guidelines and the frequency of pediatric tracheostomy, surgical techniques and perioperative management are variable. We aim to describe the post-operative practice patterns following tracheostomy in children. Methods An electronic cross-sectional survey was distributed to American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngologists (ASPO) members in academic and private practice settings. Responses were collected anonymously and analyzed by percentages of respondents who employ specific management strategies. Statistical analysis of response distributions performed using the Z test of proportions for binary questions and the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for questions with more than two options. For questions with ordered categorical responses, Cuzick's nonparametric test of trend was used. Results One-hundred twenty-four responses were received (22.3%). Most respondents were fellowship trained and practiced in academic medical centers. A greater number of tracheostomies were performed by respondents practicing in the Midwest region (p = 0.042). There was no variability in the number of tracheostomies performed based on practitioner age, hospital setting, or fellowship training. The majority perform stoma maturation and/or stay suture techniques intraoperatively and send patients to the intensive care unit postoperatively. The routine use of postoperative paralysis was reported by a minority of respondents and 50% reported the use of sedation. There was a roughly-even distribution of respondents who reported postoperative immobilization, mobilization to a chair, and ambulation respectively. Routine; postoperative airway evaluations were reported by 35% of respondents. Clinic follow-up was; variable. Conclusion These results demonstrate ongoing variability in the postoperative management strategies following tracheostomy in children and highlight areas for further study.
MULTI VESSEL SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION IN A YOUNG WOMAN ON ESTROGEN-PROGESTERONE CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has emerged as a significant cause of ACS in young women. Hormonal influences are hypothesized to play a role in SCAD, as evidenced by its association with the female sex, pregnancy, and contraceptive medications. A 36 year old African American female
Dietary Supplement Use According to Sex and Triad Risk Factors in Collegiate Endurance Runners

ABSTRACT Barrack, MT, Fredericson, M, Dizon, F, Tenforde, AS, Kim, BY, Kraus, E, Kussman, A, Singh, S, and Nattiv, A. Dietary supplement use according to sex and Triad risk factors in collegiate endurance runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 404-410, 2021-This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence in the use of dietary supplements among elite collegiate runners among 2 NCAA Division I cross-country teams. At the start of each season from 2015 to 2017, male and female endurance runners were recruited to complete baseline study measures; the final sample included 135 (male n = 65, female n = 70) runners. Runners completed a health survey, web-based nutrition survey, and Triad risk assessment. The prevalence of dietary supplement use and Triad risk factors, including disordered eating, low bone mass, amenorrhea (in women), low body mass index, and stress fracture history, was assessed. A total of 78.5% (n = 106) runners reported taking 1 or more supplements on ≥4 days per week over the past month, 48% (n = 65) reported use of ≥3 supplements. Products used with highest frequency included multivitamin/minerals 46.7% (n = 63), iron 46.7% (n = 63), vitamin D 34.1% (n = 46), and calcium 33.3% (n = 45). More women, compared with men, used iron (61.4 vs. 30.8%, p < 0.001) and calcium (41.4 vs. 24.6%, p = 0.04); men exhibited higher use of amino acids and beta-alanine (6.2 vs. 0%, p = 0.04). Runners with bone stress injury (BSI) history, vs. no previous BSI, reported more frequent use of ≥3 supplements (61.5 vs. 32.8%, p = 0.001), vitamin D (49.2 vs. 19.4%, p < 0.001), and calcium (47.7 vs. 19.4%, p = 0.001). Low bone mineral density was also associated with higher use of vitamin D and calcium. Most runners reported regular use of 1 or more supplements, with patterns of use varying based on sex, history of BSI, and bone mass.
The Impact of Supplemental Instruction on the Learning Achievements and Attitudes of Organic Chemistry Students

Supplemental Instruction (SI) has been a successful implementation into Colleges and Universities across the globe. SI has been found to reduce attrition and improve learning and success rate among participating students. At the City College of New York, we recently implemented SI into Organic Chemistry I courses to further support struggling students with the content and concept learning of Organic Chemistry, which is considered a difficult course with a high attrition rate. Our motivation for this research was to examine the impact of SI integration in a large lecture format Organic Chemistry course while assisting students learn and succeed in this challenging course. The objective of this research is to examine whether supplemental instruction (SI) impacts participants’ learning achievement, attitudes, and learning competencies. The experimental design was based on a quasi-experimental approach which included a questionnaire of open-ended and Likert-scaled questions that was distributed to SI participants, and SI participants’ grades were compared to the grades of non-SI participants. Data suggest that integrating Supplemental Instruction (SI) into Organic Chemistry courses positively impacts students’ attitudes towards the content and experience in the course, helps them better understand concepts and materials, improves students’ problem-solving skills, and is effective in improving students’ achievement, success, and the learning. SI participants had an overall passing average of 81%, compared to about 50% for non-SI participants. SI participation provided the participants with a unique and individualized learning experience that resulted in an enhanced conceptual understanding.
“Like where are those teachers?”: a critical race theory analysis of teachers of color who have “left” teaching

In seeking to address teacher shortages in the United States, teacher preparation programs, and state education department leaders in particular, have largely focused on the recruitment of new teac...
A Novel Approach to Equitable Distribution of Scarce Therapeutics: Institutional Experience Implementing a Reserve System for Allocation of COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibodies.

Background In fall 2020, the Food and Drug Administration issued emergency use authorization for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for outpatients with COVID-19. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts issued guidance outlining the use of a reserve system with a lottery for allocation of mAbs in the event of scarcity that would prioritize socially vulnerable patients for 20% of the infusion slots. The Mass General Brigham health system subsequently implemented such a reserve system. Research Question Can a reserve system be deployed successfully in a large health system in a way that promotes equitable access to mAb therapy among socially vulnerable patients with COVID-19? Study Design and Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the operation of the reserve system for allocation of mAb therapies to identify how referrals moved through the allocation process and what proportion of patients who were offered and received mAb therapies were socially vulnerable. Results Notwithstanding multiple operational challenges, the reserve system for allocation of mAb therapy worked as intended to enhance the number of socially vulnerable patients who were offered and received mAb therapy. A significantly higher proportion of patients offered mAb therapy were socially vulnerable (27.0%) than would have been the case if the infusion appointments had been allocated using a pure lottery system without a vulnerable reserve (19.8%), and a significantly higher proportion of patient who received infusions were socially vulnerable (25.3%) than would have been the case if the infusion appointments had been allocated using a pure lottery system (17.6%) Interpretation Our health system experience demonstrates that a reserve system with a lottery for tiebreaking is a viable way to distribute scarce therapeutics when enhancing access for certain groups is desirable.
In vitro experiments and kinetic models of pollen hydration show that MSL8 is not a simple tension-gated osmoregulator

Pollen, a neighbor-less cell that contains the male gametes, undergoes multiple mechanical challenges during plant sexual reproduction, including desiccation and rehydration. It was previously showed that the pollen-specific mechanosensitive ion channel MscS-Like (MSL)8 is essential for pollen survival during hydration and proposed that it functions as a tension-gated osmoregulator. Here we test this hypothesis with a combination of mathematical modeling and laboratory experiments. Time-lapse imaging revealed that wild-type pollen grains swell and then stabilize in volume rapidly during hydration. msl8 mutant pollen grains, however, continue to expand and eventually burst. We found that a mathematical model wherein MSL8 acts as a simple tension-gated osmoregulator does not replicate this behavior. A better fit was obtained from variations of the model wherein MSL8 inactivation is independent of its membrane tension gating threshold or MSL8 strengthens the cell wall without osmotic regulation. Experimental and computational testing of several perturbations, including hydration in an osmolyte-rich solution, hyper-desiccation of the grains, and MSL8-YFP overexpression, indicated that the Cell Wall Strengthening Model best simulated experimental responses. Finally, expression of a non-conducting MSL8 variant did not complement the msl8 overexpansion phenotype. These data indicate that, contrary to our hypothesis and to known MS ion channel function in single-cell systems, MSL8 does not act as a simple membrane tension-gated osmoregulator. Instead, they support a model wherein ion flux through MSL8 is required to alter pollen cell wall properties. These results demonstrate the utility of pollen as a cellular-scale model system and illustrate how mathematical models can correct intuitive hypotheses.
Using molten salts to probe outer-coordination sphere effects on lanthanide(III)/(II) electron-transfer reactions.

Controlling structure and reactivity by manipulating the outer-coordination sphere around a given reagent represents a longstanding challenge in chemistry. Despite advances toward solving this problem, it remains difficult to experimentally interrogate and characterize outer-coordination sphere impact. This work describes an alternative approach that quantifies outer-coordination sphere effects. It shows how molten salt metal chlorides (MCln; M = K, Na, n = 1; M = Ca, n = 2) provided excellent platforms for experimentally characterizing the influence of the outer-coordination sphere cations (Mn+) on redox reactions accessible to lanthanide ions; Ln3+ + e1− → Ln2+ (Ln = Eu, Yb, Sm; e1− = electron). As a representative example, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry results showed that Eu2+ instantaneously formed when Eu3+ dissolved in molten chloride salts that had strongly polarizing cations (like Ca2+ from CaCl2) via the Eu3+ + Cl1− → Eu2+ + ½Cl2 reaction. Conversely, molten salts with less polarizing outer-sphere M1+ cations (e.g., K1+ in KCl) stabilized Ln3+. For instance, the Eu3+/Eu2+ reduction potential was >0.5 V more positive in CaCl2 than in KCl. In accordance with first-principle molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations, we postulated that hard Mn+ cations (high polarization power) inductively removed electron density from Lnn+ across Ln–Cl⋯Mn+ networks and stabilized electron-rich and low oxidation state Ln2+ ions. Conversely, less polarizing Mn+ cations (like K1+) left electron density on Lnn+ and stabilized electron-deficient and high-oxidation state Ln3+ ions.
Teacher Preparation as an Inspirational Practice: Building Capacities for Responsiveness

I. Finding Inspiration for Responsiveness 1. Responsiveness in Teaching 2. Nurturing Dispositions for Responsiveness 47 3. Deja Vu: Beware of Buzzwords II. Inspiring Preservice Teachers: Seeking Proof in the Practice 4. Lost in Translation: Can Novices Actually Do This? 5. Fostering Responsiveness through Written Reflection 133 6. In Their Own Words: "I Hope I Can" III. Sustaining Responsiveness in Teacher Education 7. The Not-so-Visible Goodness of Teacher Education 8. In Their Own Words: "I Believe I Can"