cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of abusive supervision: The role of subordinates' attribution styles☆

Abstract Empirical work on the concept of abusive supervision typically employs measurements of subordinates' perceptions of abuse as the primary dependent variable. This study began with a test of the notion that a significant proportion of subordinates' perceptions of abuse can be explained by individual differences in subordinates' attribution styles and their perceptions of the quality of their Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) relationships. Results indicated that subordinates' hostile attribution styles were positively related to subordinates' perceptions of abuse and negatively related to subordinates' LMX perceptions. We also found evidence that the abusive supervision and LMX constructs are confounded. The results call into question the conceptual and empirical distinctions between the abusive supervision and LMX constructs and indicate that attribution style plays a significant role in these perceptions.
Non-invasive monitoring in the pediatric ICU, Part II: Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring (PtcCO2).

Transcutaneous CO2 monitoring is a useful non-invasive method of following PtcCO2 along with PtcO2 can be used to monitor pulmonary function, systemic circulation and local tissue perfusion. They are more sensitive in reflecting circulatory changes than conventional monitoring variables such as heart rate, EKG, arterial
The Relationship of Magnetic Source Imaging to Ictal Electrocorticography in a Neuronavigational Workspace

Magnetic source imaging (MSI) registers magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity to a three-dimensional MRI volume. State-of-the-art MSI allows concurrent whole head coverage, but is practically restricted to interictal recording. However, the purpose of the presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients, in which MSI is playing an increasing role, is the elucidation of the ictal epileptogenic focus. The manner in which interictal MSI activity relates to the ictal focus has not yet been adequately examined. To facilitate this analysis, we are developing techniques to precisely coregister MSI to the ictal onset zone as defined by extraoperative intracranial grid/strip monitoring. The neuronavigational workspace is a convenient area in which to precisely coregister these (and other) imaging and physiological data sets.
Discrete approximations to optimization of neutral functional differential inclusions

The paper deals with the convergence of discrete approximations to optimization problems governed by neutral functional differential inclusions. The discrete approximations through Euler finite difference are constructed and the convergence of discrete approximations is proved.
An improved chromatographic method to measure nitrogen, oxygen, argon and methane in gas or liquid samples

Abstract An improved gas chromatographic method for measuring dinitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), argon (Ar) and methane (CH 4 ) in gas or liquid samples has been developed. By employing a zeolite, calcium chabazite, as column packing material, optimum separation of O 2 and Ar was achieved at 303 K with a carrier gas flow rate of 33.5 ml min −1 . Dinitrogen and CH 4 were eluted at slightly higher column temperatures of 363 and 438 K, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV, %) for the various gases in liquid (~ 1% air) and gas (10% air) standards were: N 2 = 0.48–0.82, O 2 = 0.50–0.76, Ar = 0.50–0.76 and CH 4 = 0.23. The contamination of liquid samples by air bubbles was easily corrected by using Ar as an internal standard. The small amount of sample required (2 ml), the short analysis time (12 min) and the high resolution data obtained makes this method ideal for a variety of applications, including the study of dissolved gas biogeochemistry in ground water, the water column or in sediments. To evaluate the performance of the system, sediment incubation experiments were performed. Rates of aerobic respiration (3.6–33 mmol m −2 d −1 ), denitrification (0.21–4.5 mmol m −2 d −1 ) and methanogenesis (5.5–10 mmol m −2 d −1 ) were easily quantified using this approach.
The synthesis, and properties of Fe/Mo/S clusters with MoFe3S4 cubane subunits, Mo bound bidentate oxalate ligands and terminal or bridging cyanide ligands. Structural characterization of (Et4N)3[(C2O4)(CN)MoFe3S4Cl3] and (Et4N)5{[C2O4)MoFe3S4Cl2]2(μ-CN)(μ-S)}

Abstract The reaction of (Et4N)3[(C2O4)MoFe3S4Cl4] (I) with (Et4N)CN affords [(C2O4)(CN)MoFe3S4Cl3]3− (IV) in nearly quantitative yields. The reaction of I with 0.5 eq. of (Et4N)CN and 0.5 eq. of a source of S2− affords the doubly-bridged double-cubane {[(C2O4)MoFe3S4Cl2]2(μ2-CN)(μ2-S)}5− (V) in ≈30% yield. Single crystal X-ray structures were determined for IV and V. The mean FeFe, FeS and FeCl bond distances in IV at 2.713(3), 2.270(5) and 2.214(5) A, are typical for MoFe3S4 cubane-like structures. The MoC(N) and CN bond lengths are found at 2.19(2) and 1.04(2) A, respectively. The pentaanion in V consists of two doubly-bridged cubane subunits bridged by μ2-CN− ligand through the Mo atoms and a μs-S2− through two Fe atoms. The Mo⋯Mo and Fe⋯Fe(intercube) distances and the Feμ2-SFe angle are found at 5.267(4), 3.443(7) and 104.1(4)°. The spectroscopic and electrochemical features of IV and V are discussed.
On the synergy between texture classification and deformation process sequence selection for the control of texture-dependent properties

Because of the computational complexity involved in multi-length scale formulations involving polycrystal plasticity, innovative algorithms need to be incorporated in techniques for designing processes to realize materials with optimized properties. This paper demonstrates the synergy between classification of fcc polycrystal texture and multi-scale process design for achieving desired properties in such materials. The inverse problem of designing processing stages that lead to a desired texture or texture-dependent property is addressed by mining a database of orientation distribution functions (ODFs). Given a desired ODF, the hierarchical classifier matches its ODF features in the form of pole density functions of important orientation fibers to a class of textures in the database. Texture classes are affiliated with processing information; hence, enabling identification of multiple process paths that lead to a desired texture. The process parameters identified by the classifier are fine-tuned using a gradient optimization algorithm driven by continuum sensitivity analysis of texture evolution. An adaptive reduced-order model for texture evolution based on proper orthogonal decomposition in which the reduced ODF modes corresponding to the intermediate stages of the design process are adaptively selected from the database is employed.
Diphtheria toxin catalyzed hydrolysis of NAD(+): molecular dynamics study of enzyme-bound substrate, transition state, and inhibitor.

The mechanism of the diphtheria toxin-catalyzed hydrolysis of NAD+ was investigated by quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Several effects that could explain the 6000-fold rate acceleration (ΔΔG⧧ ∼ 5 kcal/mol) by the enzyme were considered. First, the carboxamide arm of the enzyme-bound NAD+ adopts a trans conformation while the most stable conformation is cis. The most stable conformation for the nicotinamide product has the amide carbonyl trans. The activation energy for the cleavage of the ribosidic bond is reduced by 2 kcal/mol due to the relaxation of this ground state conformational stress in the transition state. Second, molecular dynamics simulations to the nanosecond time range revealed that the carboxylate of Glu148 forms a hydrogen bond to the substrate's 2‘ hydroxyl group in E·S (∼17% of the time) and E·TS (∼57% of the time) complexes. This interaction is not seen in crystal structures. The ApUp inhibitor is held more tightly by the enzyme than the transition stat...
Continuous-Eligibility Policies Stabilize Medicaid Coverage For Children And Could Be Extended To Adults With Similar Results

A key method of stabilizing Medicaid coverage is to provide beneficiaries with twelve months of continuous eligibility. Following the passage of the Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorizat...
A complement fixation test for dengue.

Studies carried out by one of us (A. B. S.) since 1944 have established the fact that several immunologically distinct but related types of virus are responsible for the clinically typical and) atypical forms of dengue.1 Since the adaptation of dengue virus to mice,2 Sabin and Schlesinger found that the neutralizing antibodies which developed following infection were so highly type-specific, that by means of the neutralization test3 in mice one could not diagnose infections caused by heterologous immunological types of virus which have not as yet been propagated successfully in mice. Continuous serial, intracerebral passage in mice has increased the titer of our Hawaii strain of virus from 10−1 to about 10−5 or 10−6, and following intracerebral passage in 3- to 4-day-old mice (a procedure suggested by Dr. Gordon Meiklejohn) titers of 10−7 to 10−8 could be achieved. Satisfactory complement-fixing (C-F) antigens could be prepared from the brains of mice which were either 3 to 7 days old or approximately 14 ...
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibits Expression of CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase

We investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a key cytokine involved in inflammatory lung disease, on phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) biosynthesis in a murine alveolar type II epithelial cell line (MLE-12). TNFalpha significantly inhibited [(3)H]choline incorporation into PtdCho after 24 h of exposure. TNFalpha reduced the activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), the rate-regulatory enzyme within the CDP-choline pathway, by 40% compared with control, but it did not alter activities of choline kinase or cholinephosphotransferase. Immunoblotting revealed that TNFalpha inhibition of CCT activity was associated with a uniform decrease in the mass of CCTalpha in total cell lysates, cytosolic, microsomal, and nuclear subfractions of MLE cells. Northern blotting revealed no effects of the cytokine on steady-state levels of CCTalpha mRNA, and CCTbeta mRNA was not detected. Incorporation of [(35)S]methionine into immunoprecipitable CCTalpha protein in pulse and pulse-chase studies revealed that TNFalpha did not alter de novo synthesis of enzyme, but it substantially accelerated turnover of CCTalpha. Addition of N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-Nle-CHO (ALLN), the calpain I inhibitor, or lactacystin, the 20 S proteasome inhibitor, blocked the inhibition of PtdCho biosynthesis mediated by TNFalpha. TNFalpha-induced degradation of CCTalpha protein was partially blocked by ALLN or lactacystin. CCT was ubiquitinated, and ubiquitination increased after TNFalpha exposure. m-Calpain degraded both purified CCT and CCT in cellular extracts. Thus, TNFalpha inhibits PtdCho synthesis by modulating CCT protein stability via the ubiquitin-proteasome and calpain-mediated proteolytic pathways.
A river runs through us

The Anacostia River severs Washington, D.C. Military waste, urban runoff, and former farmland dirty the water, but people who live along its shores cherish the river and fight to make it clean. Political ecology, stressing the power relations, inequalities, connections, and contradictions that join natural and social processes over time, enlarges historical and anthropological theory in Washington. In this article I explore the experiences and perspectives of people who have lived along the Anacostia River over the last 10,000 years. Linked transformations in environmental and social processes repeatedly created unsettled, contradictory, and unjust relations between people and the natural and built environment. The pollution of the Anacostia River reflects colonialism and conquest: nationalism, militarism, empire; racism, inequality, and urban renewal. I begin with the British conquest, then turn to four successive moments in state formation: the founding of the capital, the invention of a strong central government, urban renewal in the capital core, and the contemporary development of the waterfront. The use values of people who live along the river conflict with the exchange values that have dominated the city's history. The city's environmental justice movement has emerged from these use values and today confronts a massive redevelopment plan that exploits and undermines the movement, [political ecology, environmental justice, urban history, race, and poverty]
Quality Control: A Key to Stress-Resilient Internet Services

Today's Internet services are largely vulnerable to flash crowds-like DDoS attacks because the visits in such attacks often bear much resemblance to normal accesses and most of them cannot be detected with certainty. Current same-service-to-all models can hardly protect the interests of legitimate clients from the interference of suspicious traffic. Application-level quality control in edge servers relies on autonomic resource management technologies to offer different levels of service quality to different classes of traffic according to server load conditions. By downgrading the performance of aggressive visits, the model ensures resource fair sharing and builds a firewall around legitimate clients. Because the quality control model can isolate the performance of different traffic in stressed servers, it also offers a strong incentive for differentiated pricing policies for the next generation of Internet services. Challenge issues with the quality control model will be discussed. An autonomic quality control framework for web servers will be presented.
Comparison of Two Administration Times for the Remote Associates Test: An Attempt at Partial Replication

Mednick and Halpern (1969) studied the effects of rwo administration times on Remote Associates Test (RAT) performance of graduate students. It was found that a reduced time limit on the RAT lowered the degree of correlation with the Miller Analogies Test, even though the correlation of students' scores on the short and long versions was high (Pearson T = .866, N of 26) . Thus, while test performance in the first 30 min. was highly related to what was achieved in 40 rnin., the relationship of the test to intelligence appeared to be strengthened by the shorter administration. It was suggested that this finding lent support to the notion that the RAT with a 40-min. time limit is further removed from what Wallach and Kogan (1966) call the "stressful sphere of evaluative testing." The present srudy is a partial repetition of the first using another sample and a different time comparison. Ss were 210 students enrolled in undergraduate psychology classes at the George Washington University. The mean age was 21.99 (SD = 4.16) and an average 2.93 yr. of college had been completed (SD = .82). Ss were given the RAT in the standard manner but were asked at the end of 15 min. to place a check mark next to the items completed up to that point. They were then instructed to continue to work, and stopped after 40 min. had elapsed. Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores were obtained for a portion of the sample from their records. In addition, 142 students were administered the Vocabulary test of the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB-V).
Ectopia cordis with double outlet right ventricle

Abstract A case of complete thoracic ectopia cordis with a double outlet right ventricle is presented. Opportunity was provided to document by direct epicardial electrocardiography the longest known atrioventricular conduction time.
Non-blood contacting biventricular support for severe heart failure.

Abstract Background . Direct mechanical ventricular actuation (DMVA) is a non-blood contacting method of biventricular support. DMVA employs a vacuum attached, pneumatically regulated, flexible membrane to transfer both systolic and diastolic forces to the ventricular myocardium. The purpose of this study was to determine if DMVA effectively restores pump performance when applied to the severely failing heart. Methods . Bovines (n = 10) underwent thoracotomy and were instrumented for continuous hemodynamic monitoring. Cardiac failure was induced by β 1 -blockade to achieve a cardiac index of 2 for 1 hour. Heart rate was maintained at 100 bpm by atrioventricular sequential pacing. Synchronous DMVA support was then applied for 3 hours. Results . Eight animals achieved significant reductions in cardiac index and mean arterial pressures (35%* and 43%* control, respectively; * p p p = NS). Pathologic exam did not demonstrate evidence of significant device trauma. Conclusions . DMVA support can effectively restore pump performance of the acutely failing heart. Synchronization may be inherent to the stimulus of cardiac compression. These data further substantiate DMVA's potential as an adjunct to the field of circulatory support.
The crystallographic characteristics of fracture in magnesium single crystals

Abstract A re-examination of the fracture mechanism in magnesium has been made using single crystals strained in tension parallel to the basal plane. Fracture in a twin (parting) was observed as the primary mode of failure. In the temperature range 25–286°C, fractures occurred primarily in {3034} twins, while at −190°C the habit plane of fracture was {1124}. The previously reported (0002), {1011}, and {1010} cleavage planes of magnesium have not been confirmed by the present work. The low ductility of magnesium strained in tension parallel to the basal plane is explained in terms of the fracture mechanism.
Dependence of the Gold Nanorod Aspect Ratio on the Nature of the Directing Surfactant in Aqueous Solution

A three-step seed-mediated growth method was used to make gold nanoparticles. Different surfactants, alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (CnTAB, n = 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18) and cetylpyridinium chloride (C16PC), were chosen as stabilizers. In general, it was found that as the length of the surfactant chain increased, the resulting gold nanoparticles' aspect ratio increased: the aspect ratio was 1 (for C10TAB), 5 ± 2 (C12TAB), 17 ± 3 (C14TAB), and 23 ± 4 (C16TAB). The plasmon absorption maxima for the gold nanoparticles varied as a function of the shape, from 520 nm (spheres) to beyond 2000 nm (high aspect ratio nanorods). We propose that the surfactant binds as a bilayer to the growing nanoparticle and assists in nanoparticle elongation via a “zipping” mechanism.
ArcFVS: An integration of a Geographic Information System and Forest Vegetation Simulator

This paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated application program called ArcFVS that links the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to realize spatial selection of input files and graphic display of modeling output. Data for testing and running the model came from the U.S. Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Database and were also collected in field surveys in north-central Indiana. ArcFVS 1.0 is designed using the ArcGIS software from the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) and the Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming environment to manipulate ESRI’s ArcObjects. The resulting product offers custom functions as commands in a new menu or as tools on a new toolbar. They are used to: select spatially or by attribute the forest plots to be projected by FVS, create the FVS input files for the selected plots and display in a geospatial environment different types of FVS output (text output files, tables with variables of interest and visualization image files). Advantages of ArcFVS 1.0 include the new GIS capabilities, enhanced format translation functions and the standardized programming environment.
A Note on Nominalism and Recursive Functions

The purpose of this note is ( i ) to point out an important similarity between the nominalistic system discussed by Quine in his recent paper On universals and the system of logic (the system н) developed by the author in A homogeneous system for formal logic , ( ii ) to offer certain corrections to the latter, and ( iii ) to show that that system (н) is adequate for the general theory of ancestrale and for the definition of any general recursive function of natural numbers. Nominalism as a thesis in the philosophy of science, according to Quine, is the view that it is possible to construct a language adequate for the purposes of science, which in no wise admits classes, properties, relations, or other abstract objects as values for variables.
Individualizing Dosing of Irinotecan

Individualized drug dosing is a longstanding goal of clinical pharmacologists. Given the narrow therapeutic index of most anticancer agents, it is plausible that this approach would be of particular value in oncology. Irinotecan is an interesting agent for individualized dosing, given its complex metabolism and increasing knowledge of its pharmacokinetics predictors.
Stimulation by Thyroxine of Amino Acid Incorporation Into Mitochondria

Rat liver mitochondria, prepared by a procedure designed to rid them of soluble RNA and ribosomes, incorporate amino acids into acid-precipitable material when incubated with potassium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate and an oxidizable substrate. L-Thyroxine (T4) and a number of its analogues, added in vitro, markedly stimulate this incorporation. Their effect is dependent on the presence of these same cofactors. Both control and T4-stimulated incorporation are sensitive to low concentrations of chloramphenicol, puromycin and tetracycline. High concentrations of ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease do not inhibit either control or T4-stimulated incorporation. (Endocrinology 79: 81, 1966)
Analysis of Poultry Fertility Data

Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens were inseminated intravaginally with spermatozoa from either SCWL or subfertile Delaware roosters in three replicate fertility trials. Overall fertility was analyzed with a log odds model following logit transformation. Duration of fertility was analyzed by iterative least squares. Hens inseminated with spermatozoa from SCWL males laid a higher proportion of fertilized eggs over a longer interval than those inseminated with spermatozoa from affected Delawares. Log-odds and logistic models may have advantages over the more traditional methods of evaluation. This is particularly true in regard to the distribution and normalization of error variances via the logit transformation and removal of nonadditivity via logistic regression.
Iterative solution of the stream function–vorticity equations using a multigrid solver with finite elements

The solution of the stream function–vorticity equations is developed using a multigrid method to improve efficiency in a finite-element p-method. The equations are discretized using 2-D Lagrange finite elements (linear, quadratic and cubic) and solved in iteratively decoupled form using successive approximation and continuation methods. The comparative performance of several multigrid and direct matrix solvers is investigated with respect to convergence characteristics and time performance on the Cray Y-MP.
An activating amino acid substitution in the c-abl oncogene protein fails to produce a local conformational change.

Thebcr-abl chimeric gene of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemias is only weakly transforming. This transformation activity is greatly enhanced by a Lys-for-Glu substitution at position 832 in the c-abl gene, as occurs in the highly transforming v-abl genes. It has been suggested that this mutation results in a significant structural change in the encoded protein product. Using conformational energy analysis, we have determined the allowed low-energy conformations for residues 828–836 of this protein with Lys and Glu at position 832. In both cases, the overwhelmingly preferred conformation for this region is a bend-helix motif. The helix terminates at residue 836, and there are no discernible differences in conformation between the Lys- and Glu-containing sequences. These results suggest that the activating amino acid substitution at position 832 in the c-abl protein product does not produce its effect via a local conformational change.
Texturized proteins: Fabrication, flavoring, and nutrition∗

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods used for the texurization of proteins, with emphasis on soy proteins. The sensory characteristics, i.e., flavor, texture, and color are discussed, particularly in relation to the problems of simulating meat flavored products. The nutritional qualities of texturized products are reviewed, and current regulations concerning their use in foods are cited.
Productivity of Agaricus brunnescens stock cultures following 5-, 7-, and 10-year storage periods in liquid nitrogen☆

Abstract Eight cultivars of the commercial mushroom, A. brunnescens , were preserved in liquid nitrogen for 10 years with no apparent changes in morphological or physiological characteristics. With one exception, cropping trials after 5-, 7-, and 10-years storage showed no significant differences in the productive capacity of frozen cultures as compared to the same cultivars maintained by conventional mycelial transfer. Cryogenic preservation of mushroom stock cultures was shown to be a realistic, practical method of long-term conservation. The major advantages of nitrogen storage are the preservation of the original genetic lines, protection of cultures from loss through contamination or mutation, and the reduction of time, materials, labor and space necessary for conventional maintenance.
Toxic effects of organophosphates on nerve cell growth and ultrastructure in culture

Organophosphates (OP) comprise one of the major classes of pesticides in use today. It is well accepted that the primary site of action of the OPs is at cholinergic synapses. However, it has been suggested that OPs may have direct neural effects as well. In this study, cultured chick dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were used to study the effect of fenthion (FEN), an OP pesticide, on isolated nerve cell growth and ultrastructure. Light microscopic evaluation revealed a dose-response relationship between the concentration of FEN (10(-2) M to 10(-5) M) and severity of morphologic changes. Cultured explants were treated with a lower concentration of FEN (10(-6) M) and morphologic alterations were compared to those observed in explants treated with 10(-6) M paraoxon, a more acutely toxic OP, or 10(-6) M neostigmine, a non-OP inhibitor of acetyl-cholinesterase. Based on both light and electron microscopy, neostigmine had no observed effect on cell morphology except for an inhibition of the extension of neurites by DRG cells. In contrast, explants treated with OPs exhibited a significant alteration in cell morphology. Initial lesions were observed first in the neurites and pseudopodia and consisted of vacuolization, loss of tubular structures, retraction of pseudopodia, and cell membrane disruption at the growth cone. Lipid accumulations were observed within the cytoplasm of treated cells. The effects of paraoxon on DRG cell morphology were significantly more severe than the effects of FEN, and lipid vacuoles observed in paraoxon-treated cells were several times larger than those observed in FEN-treated cells (5-10 microns in diameter vs. 0.5-1.0 microns in diameter). Results show that OPs have a direct effect on DRG nerve cells in culture, consistent with an alteration in cell membrane integrity. Cultured DRG cells can be useful in the evaluation of toxicologic effects.
On the complexity of unsatisfiability proofs for random k-CNF formulas

WC study the complexity of proving unsatisfiability for random k-CNP formulas with clause density A = m/n where 111 is number of clauses and n is the number of variables. We prove the first nontrivial general upper bound, giving algorithmo that, in particular, for k = 3 produce refutations almost certainly in time 20t”iA). This is polynomial when
Nanoscale selective area epitaxy for optoelectronic devices

Self-assembled quantum dots have been heavily researched in recent years because of the potential applications to quantum electronic and optoelectronic devices they present. The non-uniformity and random ordering resulting from the self-assembly processes, however, are detrimental to potential applications, prohibiting the type of engineering control necessary for complex systems. The work presented in this document has sought to overcome the limitations of self-assembly by combining selective area epitaxy via MOCVD with high-resolution electron beam lithography to achieve lateral control over semiconductor structures at the nanometer scale. Two different structures are presented. The first is patterned quantum dots which improve on the uniformity and order of similar self-assembled quantum dots. The second is an entirely novel structure, the nanopore active layer, which demonstrates the potential for this process to extend beyond the constraints of self-assembly. Experimental and theoretical results for both structures are presented.
Generalized vector dominance and inelastic electron-nucleon scattering - the neutron-to-proton ratio

Abstract Within the framework of generalized vector dominance, attempts are made to unstand the observed neutron-to-proton ratio in inelastic electron-nucleon scattering.
Serotonin syndrome presenting with migrainelike stroke.

Serotonin syndrome is the result of the drug interaction that enhances serotonergic tone in the central nervous system. The neurological manifestations are transient in most of the reported cases with rare fatality. Case Description.—A 30-year-old woman developed ischemic infarction of the right temporoparietal and cerebellar hemispheres 48 hours after administration of a large dose of clomipramine. This drug was given within 24 hours of discontinuation of high-dose fluoxetine, both of which are known to enhance serotonergic tone in the central nervous system. The distribution of the ischemic infarction in this case did not respect the major territorial arteries and was similar to spreading oligemia/ischemia that is described in migraine. A similar pathogenesis may exist for stroke in serotonin syndrome and in migraine.
Equilibrium hydrogen pressures in the strontium-hydrogen system

Abstract The Sr-H system was studied by measuring the hydrogen equilibrium pressure at various compositions in the range 700–900°C. Hydrogen incorporation followed Sievert's law up to a hydrogen-to-metal ratio of 0.35. The enthalpies of formation of α-SrH 2 and β-SrH 2 were found to be −43.6 ± 0.7 kcal (mol H 2 ) −1 and −45.2 ± 2.0 kcal (mol H 2 ) −1 respectively. The enthalpies of solution of hydrogen in strontium metal and of SrH 2 in the saturated strontium metal were also calculated.
Chromium Picolinate Modulates Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Intracellular Calcium Metabolism

We have previously shown that insulin attenuates vasoconstriction, accelerates both vascular relaxation and [Ca2+]i recovery from pressor agonist-induced Ca2+ loads, and stimulates Ca2+-ATPase gene expression in rat and human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Moreover, these functions are impaired in VSMC from both insulin resistant and insulinopenic rats, suggesting that hypertension in insulin resistant states may result, in part, from impaired insulin-regulation of VSMC Ca2+ transport. Accordingly, we have now evaluated the effect of improving cellular insulin sensitivity with chromium picolinate (CrPic) on regulation of VSMC Ca2+ transport. Cultured VSMC from rats were grown from passage to confluence in the presence or absence of 1 micromol/L CrPic, maintained in a quiescent medium for 24 h and incubated with or without insulin (10(-8) mol/L) for the final 2 h. Cells were then harvested and RNA and protein extracted for Northern and Western blot analysis, respectively. Insulin caused a significant stimulation of plasmalemmal Ca2+-ATPase mRNA and protein (P < 0.05). A comparable stimulation of the mRNA and protein levels was caused by CrPic in the absence of insulin (P < 0.05), while the CrPic + insulin treatment caused a greater percentage stimulation of the Ca2+-ATPase mRNA level than either separate treatment (P < 0.05). Fluorometric analysis of the rate of [Ca2+]i recovery following stimulation with arginine vasopressin support these findings: insulin caused an 83% increase, CrPic caused a 35% increase and insulin + CrPic caused a 133% increase in [Ca2+]i recovery rate. These data suggest that CrPic may be an effective modality to reduce VSMC [Ca2+]i loads and thereby reduce peripheral vascular resistance in insulin resistant states.
The In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils

The in vitro antifungal activity of 92 volatile oils, 12 terpeneless oils, and 3 fixed oils was ascertained using the filter paper disk method. The oils were tested against 18 pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi. Ninety volatile oils were found to possess antifungal activity on at least one organism. Origanum (red), lemongrass (imported), thyme (red), sweet birch, savory select, coriander, sassafras, cinnamon, laurel leaves (distilled), and chenopodium exhibited the greatest antifungal activity. Streptomyces venezuelae was most susceptible to the volatile oils while Candida krusei was the most resistant. Among the terpeneless oils, cinnamon, caraway, dill, and anise were found to possess the greatest antifungal activity. The fixed oils used were found to possess no antifungal properties. Oils of chenopodium, origanum (red), and dill (terpeneless) were found to be very effective against Ustilago avenae ; chenopodium and thyme (red) against Trichophyton mentagrophytes ; and oil of cinnamon against Epidermophyton interdigitale . More than 90% of the volatile and terpeneless oils tested were found to produce fungicidal effects.
Overstability of a viscoelastic fluid layer heated from below

The stability of a horizontal layer of Maxwellian fluid heated from below is considered. Critical Rayleigh numbers, wave-numbers, and frequencies for overstability are determined for both free and rigid boundaries. Elasticity is found to destabilize the fluid, and the presence of rigid boundaries is found to be slightly stabilizing.
Parallel genetic algorithms for simulation-based sequential circuit test generation

The problem of test generation belongs to the class of NP-complete problems and it is becoming more and more difficult as the complexity of VLSI circuits increases, and as long as execution times pose an additional problem. Parallel implementations can potentially provide significant speedups while retaining good quality results. In this paper, we present three parallel genetic algorithms for simulation-based sequential circuit test generation. Simulation-based test generators are more capable of handling the constraints of complex design features than deterministic test generators. The three parallel genetic algorithm implementations are portable and scalable over a wide range of distributed and shared memory MIMD machines. Significant speedups were obtained, and fault coverages were similar to and occasionally better than those obtained using a sequential genetic algorithm, due to the parallel search strategies adopted.
Generation of a random sequence having a jointly specified marginal distribution and autocovariance

We consider the problem of generating a random sequence with a specified marginal distribution and autocovariance. The proposed scheme for generating such a sequence consists of a white Gaussian noise source input to a linear digital filter followed by a zero-memory nonlinearity (ZMNL). The ZMNL is chosen so that the desired distribution is exactly realized and the digital filter is designed so that the desired autocovariance is closely approximated. Both analytic results and examples are included. The proposed scheme should prove useful in simulations involving non-Gaussian processes.
The effects of relative humidity and reducing gases on the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of ZnO based film bulk acoustic wave resonator

This study describes the influence of relative humidity (RH) and reducing gases on the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) of ZnO-based film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR). Upon exposure to moisture or reducing gases, the TCF of FBAR decreased. Water molecules can replace adsorbed oxygen on the ZnO surface. This process was less effective at high temperature, resulting in a lower TCF in high RH. Reducing gases, such as acetone, can reduce the density of ZnO through reaction with the adsorbed oxygen, leading to a lower TCF.
Light-based imaging of green fluorescent protein-positive ovarian cancer xenografts during therapy.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of the study was to develop a sensitive, noninvasive imaging method for monitoring ovarian xenografts during therapeutic intervention. Methods. Human ovarian tumor cells (SKOV3.ip1) were infected with a replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vector encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). The GFP-positive tumor cells were imaged in vitro and in vivo with a fluorescence stereomicroscope. Using appropriate filters, both GFP fluorescence and adriamycin were simultaneously detected. Nude mice implanted with GFP-positive cells were imaged repeatedly, in a noninvasive manner. Results. SKOV3.ip1 cells infected with Ad-GFP showed high GFP fluorescence, which was eliminated after treatment with adriamycin. Loss of GFP fluorescence was confirmed to be dead cells. For in vivo imaging, intraperitoneal tumors as small as 0.2 mm in diameter were detected externally. Adriamycin uptake was detected in tumors by in vivo imaging, and reduction in tumor size was concurrent with decrease in GFP fluorescence. These findings were confirmed at necropsy. Conclusions. Fluorescence stereomicroscopy monitored the response of ovarian xenografts to adriamycin therapy. For the first time, GFP and adriamycin were imaged simultaneously.
Comparing The Affects Of Management Practices On Organizational Performance Between For-Profit And Not-For-Profit Corporations In Southeast Wisconsin

The need to demonstrate the effectiveness of any business or organization worthy of attracting resources and transforming them into valued products/services is an entity’s primary mission. A variety of methods have evolved over time to measure a for-profit enterprise’s performance. Economists have typically studied how well a firm manages the factors of production under its control while accountants and financial analysts scrutinize a variety of analytical tests to determine current and future performance. Not-for-profit organizations have adopted many of the commercial sector’s economic and accounting/financial techniques to gauge their performance. However, an issue that plagues the analysis of for-profit and not-for-profit businesses is the effect that management has on an enterprise’s performance. While economists and accountants can account for nearly all of the factors of production, the discipline cannot calculate the effect of management on agency performance. Considering the roles and economic impact that both forprofit and increasingly not-for-profit organizations/non-governmental organizations (NPO or NGO) it is vital to assess how these organizations are managed and what if any effect management practices have on their organizational performance. The purpose of this quantitative research investigation was to study the affect of 18 management practices defined as “operations (three practices), monitoring (five practices), targets (five practices), and incentives (five practices)” (Bloom & Van Reenen, 2007, pp. 1393 - 1397) had on the performance of for-profit firms and NPOs in southeast, Wisconsin. The basis of this research project was derived from two studies. One study (Keller, 2009) was conducted on for-profit corporations in late 2008 and the second that Keller conducted on NPOs in 2010. The examination revealed that management practices did not have a statistically significant impact on the economic performance of for-profit firms (with the exception of one ownership type) and a strongly significant influence on not-forprofit organizations.
Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A Review of Multidisciplinary Management

The objective of this review is to summarize the current state of the art of the management of necrotizing pancreatitis, and to clarify some confusing points regarding the terminology and diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis, as these points are essential for management decisions and communication between providers and within the literature. Acute pancreatitis varies widely in its clinical presentation. Despite the publication of the Atlanta guidelines, misuse of pancreatitis terminology continues in the literature and in clinical practice, especially regarding the local complications associated with severe acute pancreatitis. Necrotizing pancreatitis is a manifestation of severe acute pancreatitis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is aided by pancreas-protocol computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, ideally 72 h after onset of symptoms to achieve the most accurate characterization of pancreatic necrosis. The extent of necrosis correlates well with the incidence of infected necrosis, organ failure, need for debridement, and morbidity and mortality. Having established the diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis, goals of appropriately aggressive resuscitation should be established and adhered to in a multidisciplinary approach, ideally at a high-volume pancreatic center. The role of antibiotics is determined by the presence of infected necrosis. Early enteral feeds improve outcomes compared with parenteral nutrition. Pancreatic necrosis is associated with a multitude of complications which can lead to long-term morbidity or mortality. Interventional therapy should be guided by available resources and the principle of a minimally invasive approach. When open debridement is necessary, it should be delayed at least 3-6 weeks to allow demarcation of necrotic from viable tissue. Image: Suggested algorithm for the management of acute pancreatitis.
Stability of a wheelchair controlled by a human pilot

Wheelchair/pilot systems are extremely complex. A wheelchair/pilot model was developed to analyze stability for various dynamic situations. Several innovations are introduced here: human control of path and lean, a coordinate transformation approach to modeling the roadway, and the relationships of general dynamic to fixed dynamic analyses. Results show that fixed dynamic stability analyses are special cases of general dynamic analyses. The models incorporate human factors (physiology, psychology, anthropometry, and kinesiology), wheelchair design factors (frame and steering geometry), and environmental factors (road surface orientation and visibility). All of these factors affect performance and safety. Experimental data for pilot anthropometry and wheelchair design factors were collected. Systems with three and four wheels were simulated. Results show that both three- and four-wheeled systems can be stabilized with respect to path changes and disturbances under human control. Three-wheeled systems are shown to be more responsive, whereas four-wheeled systems are more stable. >
An Investigation of Prospective and Retrospective Coding in Capuchin Monkeys and Rhesus Monkeys

The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate prospective and retrospective memory-coding strategies employed by rhesus monkeys and capuchin monkeys. Subjects were presented with a computerized radial arm maze analog. Monkeys used a joystick to move a cursor to touch identical stimuli spread around the screen. Once the monkeys were proficient at visiting each stimulus once, a delay was inserted into the trial (after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 stimuli had been touched). Following the delay, monkeys were presented with a forced choice of two stimuli, one that had not yet been touched (correct) and one that had been touched (incorrect). The number of correct responses made after each delay was assessed. With the exception of one rhesus monkey, the animals did not appear to use prospective memory and instead relied heavily on retrospective memory. This result is in contrast to the previously reported results with rats, pigeons, and humans.
Do Grammars Minimize Dependency Length

A well-established principle of language is that there is a preference for closely related words to be close together in the sentence. This can be expressed as a preference for dependency length minimization (DLM). In this study, we explore quantitatively the degree to which natural languages reflect DLM. We extract the dependencies from natural language text and reorder the words in such a way as to minimize dependency length. Comparing the original text with these optimal linearizations (and also with random linearizations) reveals the degree to which natural language minimizes dependency length. Tests on English data show that English shows a strong effect of DLM, with dependency length much closer to optimal than to random; the optimal English grammar also has many specific features in common with English. In German, too, dependency length is significantly less than random, but the effect is much weaker than in English. We conclude by speculating about some possible reasons for this difference between English and German.
Economic Sanctions, Military Activity, and Road Traffic Crashes in Vojvodina, Serbia

Background: Political violence has not been examined as a risk factor for traumatic injuries from road traffic crashes. Objective: To identify trends in road traffic crashes related to war-related military activity and international economic sanctions in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Methods: Overall road traffic crashes and crashes leading to hospitalization and fatality in Vojvodina, Serbia were examined from 1996 through 2005. Rates were calculated per 100 000 population and per 10 000 registered vehicles. Three time periods were examined: years with international sanctions and military activity (1996–1999); years with international sanctions but no military activity (2000–2001); years with neither sanctions nor military activity (2002–2005). Results: Compared with the period with neither sanctions nor military activity, severe injury crashes were 1.23 times more common (95% CI 1.19 to 1.27) during the period with sanctions and military activity and 1.21 times more common (95% CI 1.16 to 1.27) during the period with sanctions but no military activity. Conclusions: The data suggest that vehicle travel became safer after the end of military action and economic sanctions. Road traffic safety needs to be a priority during both periods of political unrest and its recovery phase.