cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of fractional lasers in treating alopecia: a literature review

Hair loss stemming from different types of alopecia, such as androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata, negatively affects over half the population and, in many circumstances, causes serious psychosocial distress. Current treatment options for alopecia, such as minoxidil, anthralin, and intralesional corticosteroids, vary efficacy and side effect profiles. It is known that low-level laser/light therapies (LLLT), or photobiomodulations, such as the US FDA-cleared HairMax Lasercomb®, He-Ne laser, and excimer laser, are relatively affordable, user-friendly, safe, and effective forms of treatment for hair loss. While less is known about the effectiveness of fractional lasers for combating hair loss, research suggests that by creating microscopic thermal injury zones, fractional lasers may cause an increase in hair growth from a wound healing process, making them potential therapeutic options for alopecia. A literature review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of fractional lasers on hair regrowth. The specific fractional laser therapies include the 1550-nm nonablative fractional erbium-glass laser, the ablative fractional 2940-nm erbium:YAG laser, and the ablative fractional CO2 fractional laser. Additional randomized controlled trials are necessary to further evaluate the effectiveness of the lasers, as well as to establish appropriate parameters and treatment intervals.
Possession type affects resolution of possessive pronouns in English VP ellipsis

The sentence “Bill washed his car, and John did, too” has two possible interpretations if the overt his refers to Bill: (i) a coreferential interpretation, in which John washed Bill’s car, or (ii) a bound variable interpretation, in which John washed his own car. What guides comprehenders’ selection of one over the other? Previous research has identified factors such as processing economy (e.g. Reuland, 2001) and lexical semantic properties of the verb and possessed noun (e.g. Foley et al., 2003; Ong & Brasoveanu, 2014). We extend research on the contribution of possession type to resolution of this type of ambiguous VP ellipsis. We hypothesize that the range of possession types found in natural language varies in the extent to which the possessum is processed as an independent discourse referent or as dependent on the discourse representation of its possessor. Moreover, we expect that such differences modulate the possessum’s availability for coreference and, therefore, affect ambiguity resolution. We conducted an experiment testing how different possession relations modulate adult L1 English speakers’ interpretational preference. Inanimate nouns favored bound variable interpretations more than animates did, supporting our hypothesis that the overt possession’s animacy and its resultant discourse status are important factors in the resolution of the elided possessive pronoun. Follow-up experiments confirmed these results and ruled out nouns’ real-world plausibility of possession as a determinant of interpretational preference. Our results suggest that animate possessions are more likely than inanimates to receive independent status in the discourse and consequently to be available for coreference when the ellipsis is interpreted.
Epistemic Belief Structures within Introductory Astronomy.

The reliability and validity of inventories should be verified in multiple ways. Although the epistemological beliefs about the physical science survey (EBAPS) has been deemed to be reliable and valid by the authors, the axes or factor structure proposed by the authors has not been independently checked. Using data from a study sample we discussed in previous publications, we performed exploratory factor analysis on 1,258 post-test EBAPS surveys. The students in the sample were from an introductory Astronomy course at a mid-sized western university. Inspection suggested the use of either a three-factor model or a five-factor model. Each of the factors is interpreted and discussed, and the factors are compared to the axes proposed by the authors of the EBAPS. We find that the five-factor model extrapolated from our data partially overlaps with the model put forth by the authors of the EBAPS, and that many of the questions did not load onto any factors.
Wikipedia: Harnessing Collaborative Intelligence

Wikipedia, as an Internet-based innovation network, manifests distributed collaborative intelligence, illustrating principles for experimental venture laboratories, high return startup accelerators based less upon traditional directioned innovation, more on intersecting networks and innovation clusters and the method being used in program development for a NASA initiated Planetary Sustainability Co•Laboratory.
Vitamin D status in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: comparison of fusion rates and patient outcome measures

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing elective spinal fusion have an alarming rate of vitamin D deficiency, but its impact on bone fusion and patient outcomes is unclear. We investigated the association of perioperative vitamin D levels, fusion rates, and patient-reported outcome in patients undergoing spinal fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS In this one-year, prospective, single-center observational study, serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured perioperatively in adult patients. Serum vitamin D levels <30 ng/mL were considered abnormal. The primary outcome measures were postoperative patient-reported outcomes (Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale, EuroQol EQ-5D-3L, EQ-VAS). Secondary outcome measures were the presence of and time to solid bony fusion, controlling for Body Mass Index (BMI), age, and number of motion segments. RESULTS Forty-one of 58 patients (71%) had laboratory-confirmed abnormal vitamin D levels. Patients with low vitamin D were younger (P<0.05) and had a higher BMI (P<0.05) than patients with adequate vitamin D, but the groups were otherwise similar. There were no differences in mean time to fusion between the two groups, but patients with low vitamin D reported more postoperative disability (P<0.05). Multivariate model analysis demonstrated an independent, significant association between normal vitamin D and lower postoperative neck disability index (P=0.05) and EQ-5D-3L (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/mL) is highly prevalent in patients undergoing elective spinal fusion for cervical myelopathy. Low vitamin D levels were associated with worse patient-reported outcomes and were an independent predictor of greater disability, which suggests vitamin D supplementation may offer some benefit in these patients.
A Conceptual Model of Planned Adaptation (PA)

Technical and operational systems, especially large complex socio-technical systems, must continuously adapt to a changing context. Conventional rulemaking systems have, historically, been ponderous. Low clockspeed rulemaking systems are rarely equipped to keep pace when applied to govern higher clockspeed socio-technical systems. This chapter presents and characterizes four organizational complexes that have effectively implemented ‘planned adaptation’. Based on these cases, an initial general model of planned adaptation is presented: first, in terms of the first principles of where in the rulemaking system adaptation may be introduced; second, in terms of categories of events and triggers; and finally, in terms of the evaluative capabilities and capacities within and across organizations necessary to systematically plan to adapt. This general model (which can more generally be termed systematic adaptation) characterizes ad hoc adaptation, planned adaptation, as well as ideal forms of adaptation. These are used as comparators in what is referred to here as the ‘systematic adaptation space’. Discussion of four cases based on this model highlight instances of critical paths from ad hoc to planned adaptation, offering early insights that can lead to effectively designing organizational complexes that can effectively plan to adapt. The chapter concludes with a discussion of ongoing work—in particular, how this model will be used for theory-based sampling to identify cases of adaptation that can be used to further refine the model and its application to systematic adaptation by design.
Endovascular intervention for iliac vein thrombosis after simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an anatomic variant where the overlying right common iliac artery compresses and chronically obstructs the left common iliac vein, leading to thrombosis. Interventions for symptomatic MTS include endovascular thrombectomy and stenting. Occluding venous thrombus can be fatal to transplanted allografts. No guidelines exist for patients with MTS after simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant. A 57-year-old female with ESRD and diabetes mellitus underwent a kidney-pancreas transplant. Post-operative imaging revealed a compressed left CIV with an occlusive thrombus threatening the renal graft. Thrombectomy with stent placement was performed, maintaining patency of both allograft venous outflows. Post-intervention the patient has demonstrated preserved kidney and pancreas allograft function through 1 year of follow-up. Interventions for MTS in patients after transplant are challenging given the complex allograft vascular reconstruction. We present a case which demonstrates that angiographic interventions for MTS can be safely performed after simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant.
Tropospheric Ozone and Its Impact on Wheat Productivity

Tropospheric O3 is considered as the most widespread secondary pollutant and one of the components of global climate change. Agriculture plays a very important role in human welfare. O3 has been recognized as a prime threat to agricultural production. The projected levels to which O3 will increase are critically alarming and have become a major cause of concern for global food production. Impact of tropospheric O3 on wheat production has been widely studied. Wheat is identified as sensitive to O3. It enters into the plant through the stomata, affecting directly cell membranes, generating O3-induced ROS, and up- or downregulating ROS signaling molecule-associated genes, genes, proteins, and metabolites which ultimately affects growth and yield of wheat. The objectives of the chapter are to present an overview picture on the effect of O3 on wheat productivity and to summarize the vast number of available reports on the impact of O3 on wheat physiology and morphology, its defense and variation in allocation pattern of photosynthates, and its yield and quality.
Father-Daughter Relationships: Contemporary Research and Issues

The first research-based text that focuses on the impact of the father-daughter relationship, this provocative book examines the factors that can strengthen or weaken these relationships and the impact that these relationships have on society. The research is brought to life with compelling personal stories from fathers and daughters, including well-known celebrities and politicians. Controversial questions engage the reader and film lists and website resources demonstrate the relevance of the research. Boxed quizzes and questionnaires show students how the research can be applied to their own lives while others highlight the relationships between actual fathers and daughters. Bold faced terms, a conclusion, and review questions keep readers focused on the key concepts. How these relationships are often ignored or denigrated in the media and in some mental health and legal systems is examined. The hope is that readers will apply the research to their own families and/or work. The book addresses: What is "good" fathering? How do daughters influence their fathers' well-being? How do fathers affect their daughters' social, academic, athletic, and psychological development? How are problems such as depression, eating disorders, and teenage pregnancy related to the quality of these relationships? How are father-daughter relationships in ethnic and racial groups unique? How do incarceration, abuse, gay or lesbian relationships, military service, immigration, and poverty affect father-daughter relationships? The book opens with the importance of the father’s role on daughters and the changing patterns of these roles. Chapter 2 examines the myths and misconceptions of father-daughter relationships including how they are portrayed in the media and the differences between parenting styles. Chapter 3 explores the behaviors that constitute "good" fathering. Scales used to measure "good" fathering are included. How fathers affect their daughters’ social, academic, intellectual, athletic, and psychological development is then considered. Factors that can weaken father-daughter relationships, such as divorce, including various theoretical perspectives, are explored in chapters 5 and 6. Father-daughter relationships of racial or ethnic minorities and an array of potentially destructive situations that affect these relationships are the focus of chapters 7 and 8. The impact of fathers who are incarcerated, abusive, alcoholics, gay, or sperm donors are considered. The book concludes with suggestions on where we go from here. Intended as a supplemental text for upper-level undergraduate or graduate courses on father-daughter relationships and/or parenting taught in human development, family studies, psychology, sociology, counseling, social work, and women’s studies, this practical book also appeals to mental health practitioners, social workers, legal professionals, and school counselors interested in these relationships.
E-024 Low profile transradial pipeline embolization

Purpose Retrospective review of all Medtronic Pipeline Flex flow diverting stent placement at single center with attention to guiding catheter selection, technical success, intracranial complications, access site complications and length of procedure. Summarize technical advantages and limitations of each access strategy and present a simplified 6 French triaxial system for flow diversion stent placement via a transradial/trans-ulnar approach. We also present some tips and tricks to optimize procedural success including transulnar access and direct radial access. Materials and methods Single Center retrograde suspect of review of all Medtronic Pipeline Embolization Flex procedures performed between October 2015-March 2019 via arm access (radial or ulnar). Three different 6F constructs were used for arm access: Direct radial access with long sheath–Terumo destination slender Benchmark radial access Codman Envoy DA radial access Primary endpoints include time from radial accessed to target lesion, time from radial access to pipeline embolization deployment, technical failure requiring alternative access, intracranial complications, radial access site complications, occlusion rates at longest available follow-up were delayed neurologic complications. Results A total of 23 patients were included in this retrospective analysis. Average patient age and male gender were 60.4 years and 22% respectively. A total of 31 devices were used to treat a total of 30 aneurysms. Average aneurysm size was 7 mm. Primary placement of a flow diverting stent was performed in a majority of patients with adjunctive coil placement was performed in 13.1% procedures. Post stent placement balloon angioplasty was performed in 34% procedures. No intracranial complications including dissection, intracranial hemorrhage, symptomatic embolic stroke were identified. Major access site complications and symptomatic delayed radial artery occlusion were not identified in any patients undergoing arm access. Furthest available follow-up was on an average of 9.8 months. Complete occlusion was achieved in 70% patients (we anticipate further occlusion by one year). Additional pipeline embolization devices were required in 1 patient, at 18 months. Foley catheter and arterial line placement, 35% and 22%, respectively. Limitations Single center retrospective review, short interval follow-up (less than 1 year), and some patients lost to follow-up. Conclusion 6 French Triaxial Trans-radial (or ulnar access) can be used in placement of a Pipeline Embolization Flex device with low associated complications and high technical success. Disclosures S. Satti: 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Medtronic Neurovascular, Penumbra Neurovascular, Cerenovus Neurovascular, Terumo. T. Eden: None.
An Examination of the Association Between Patient Experience and Quality of Mental Health Care Among Women Veterans

Improving patient experience is one strategy that may increase the quality of mental health care if better experience is linked to the likelihood of a potentially therapeutic dose (PTD) of treatment. This study sought to examine: (1) the proportion of women veterans who obtained a PTD of mental health treatment; and (2) the association between women’s experiences with Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mental health services and obtaining a PTD of mental health treatment. We assessed patient experience via a survey that measured experiences with gender-sensitive care, ease of getting care, perceived quality of care, and extent to which care met needs. We used VHA administrative data to determine mental health utilization across a national sample of 2109 women veterans with episodes of mental health care that included psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. Results indicated that 71% of women received a PTD. Positive ratings regarding perceived quality of care and whether care met needs were associated with higher odds of receiving a PTD of treatment. Findings provide supporting evidence for the continued necessity of offering patient-centered mental health care to women veterans. Careful consideration of women veterans’ mental health care experiences may be crucial in promoting high value mental health care for this population in VHA.
Evidence for genetically distinct direct and indirect spinocerebellar pathways mediating proprioception

Abstract Proprioception, the sense of limb and body position, generates a map of the body that is essential for proper motor control, yet we know little about precisely how neurons in proprioceptive pathways develop and are wired. Proprioceptive and cutaneous information from the periphery is sent to secondary neurons in the spinal cord that integrate and relay this information to the cerebellum either directly or indirectly through the medulla. Defining the anatomy of these direct and indirect pathways is fundamental to understanding how proprioceptive circuits function. Here, we use genetic tools in mice to define the developmental origins and unique anatomical trajectories of these pathways. Developmentally, we find that Clarke’s column (CC) neurons, a major contributor to the direct spinocerebellar pathway, derive from the Neurog1 progenitor domain. By contrast, we find that two of the indirect pathways, the spino-lateral reticular nucleus (spino-LRt) and spino-olivary pathways, are derived from the Atoh1 progenitor domain, despite previous evidence that Atoh1-lineage neurons form the direct pathway. Anatomically, we also find that the mossy fiber terminals of CC neurons diversify extensively with some axons terminating bilaterally in the cerebellar cortex. Intriguingly, we find that CC axons do not send axon collaterals to the medulla or cerebellar nuclei like other mossy fiber sources. Altogether, we conclude that the direct and indirect spinocerebellar pathways derive from distinct progenitor domains in the developing spinal cord and that the proprioceptive information from CC neurons is processed only at the level of granule cells in the cerebellum. Significance Statement We find that a majority of direct spinocerebellar neurons in mice originate from Clarke’s column (CC), which derives from the Neurog1-lineage, while few originate from Atoh1-lineage neurons as previously thought. Instead, we find that spinal cord Atoh1-lineage neurons form mainly the indirect spino-lateral reticular nucleus and spino-olivary tracts. Moreover, we observe that mossy fiber axon terminals of CC neurons diversify proprioceptive information across granule cells in multiple lobules on both ipsilateral and contralateral sides without sending axon collaterals to the medulla or cerebellar nuclei. Altogether, we define the development and the anatomical projections of direct and indirect pathways to the cerebellum from the spinal cord.
Building Application-Specific Overlays on FPGAs with High-Level Customizable IPs

Overlays are virtual, re-configurable architectures that overlay on top of physical FPGA fabrics. An overlay that is specialized for an application, or a class of applications, offers both fast reconfiguration and minimized performance penalty. Such an overlay is usually implemented by hardware designers in hardware "assembly" languages at register-transfer level (RTL). This short article proposes an idea for a software programmer, instead of hardware designers, to quickly implement an application-specific overlay using high-level customizable IPs. These IPs are expressed succinctly by a specification language, whose abstraction level is much higher than RTL but can nonetheless expresses many performance-critical loop and data optimizations on FPGAs, and thus would offer competitively high performance at a much lower cost of maintenance and much easier customizations. We propose new language features to easily put the IPs together into an overlay. A compiler automatically implements the specified optimizations to generate an efficient overlay, exposes a multi-tasking programming interface for the overlay, and inserts a runtime scheduler for scheduling tasks to run on the IPs of the overlay, respecting the dependences between the tasks. While an application written in any language can take advantage of the overlay through the programming interface, we show a particular usage scenario, where the application itself is also succinctly specified in the same language. We describe the new language features for expressing overlays, and illustrate the features with an LU decomposer and a convolutional neural network. A system is under construction to implement the language features and workloads.
Decision Making in Synthesis cross Technologies using LSTMs and Transfer Learning

We propose a general approach that precisely estimates the Quality-of-Result (QoR), such as delay and area, of unseen synthesis flows for specific designs. The main idea is leveraging LSTM-based network to forecast the QoR, where the inputs are synthesis flows represented in novel timed-flow modeling, and QoRs are ground truth. This approach is demonstrated with 1.2 million data points collected using 14nm, 7nm regular-voltage (RVT), and 7nm low-voltage (LVT) technologies with twelve IC designs. The accuracy of predicting the QoRs (delay and area) evaluated using mean absolute prediction error (MAPE). While collecting training data points in EDA can be extremely challenging, we propose to elaborate transfer learning in our approach, which enables accurate predictions cross different technologies and different IC designs. Our transfer learning approach obtains estimation MAPE ≤3.7% over ~960,000 test points collected on 7nm technologies, with only 100 data points used for training the pre-trained LSTM network using 14nm dataset.
Background, approaches, and resources for teaching energy in environmental studies

Production and use of energy have figured prominently in environmental studies and sciences (ESS) for many years, and it is particularly relevant to enduring themes, such as climate change, environmental justice, ecosystem disruption, and the study of natural resources. Despite its acknowledged centrality, relatively few ESS courses have delved into the intricacies of energy in a broad interdisciplinary framework. This paper encourages the development and improvement of such courses but recognizes that ESS faculty will have to select topics and resources to match their own abilities and interests and the needs of their students. The paper (a) proposes a framework for conceptual content and (b) suggests numerous resources organized in 5 categories and 17 subcategories. Each subcategory has an explanation of its role in the larger picture about energy, and each resource has a brief annotation about its content and utility. Future work on energy in ESS should address pedagogical techniques, different ways of integrating perspectives from different disciplines, and the needs of specific subsets of ESS courses and programs.
Lymphovenous Bypass and Lymphoid Tissue Transfer

This chapter focuses on indications and techniques of lymphatic surgery carried out to treat breast cancer–related upper extremity lymphedema which is a known complication of axillary node surgery. Even though outcomes of therapeutic lymphatic surgery are promising, the literature lacks concrete evidence. Thus, prevention remains the mainstay of management, with techniques evolving to prevent the occurrence of lymphedema by restoring physiologic lymph flow at the time of axillary surgery.
Seeing the Forest for the trees: Assessing genetic offset predictions with Gradient Forest

Gradient Forest (GF) is increasingly being used to forecast climate change impacts, but remains mostly untested for this purpose. We explore its robustness to assumption violations, and relationship to measures of fitness, using SLiM simulations with explicit genome architecture and a spatial metapopulation. We evaluate measures of GF offset in: (1) a neutral model with no environmental adaptation; (2) a monogenic "population genetic" model with a single environmentally adapted locus; and (3) a polygenic "quantitative genetic" model with two adaptive traits, each adapting to a different environment. Although we found GF Offset to be broadly correlated with fitness offsets under both single locus and polygenic architectures. It could also be confounded by neutral demography, genomic architecture, and the nature of the adaptive environment. GF Offset is a promising tool, but it is important to understand its limitations and underlying assumptions, especially when used in the context of forecasting maladaptation.
Notes: Swimming Classification Test

(1955). Notes: Swimming Classification Test. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 485-486.
Influence of Iron on Yields of Extracellular Products in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cultures

The effect of the iron content of the medium on the yields of extracellular products by seven distinct strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined. All strains showed at least an 85% decrease in toxin A yields when grown in medium containing 5.0 μg of iron per ml (high iron) as compared to 0.05 μg/ml (low iron), whereas bacterial growth increased approximately twofold. During the course of examining extracellular products produced by P. aeruginosa, we found many strains that produced an extracellular factor which agglutinated erythrocytes. This hemagglutinin was nondialyzable, heat stable, and resistant to Pronase and trypsin. The effect of iron on extracellular yields of hemagglutinin was strain dependent; four of seven strains showed decreases in hemagglutinin yields in high-iron medium. Similarly, the effect of increasing the iron concentration of the growth medium on yields of total extracellular proteases or on elastase was strain dependent. The amount of total extracellular protein was decreased by at least 31% in the high-iron medium for all strains of P. aeruginosa examined. Detailed studies on one strain (WR-9) showed that, in the presence of increasing amounts of iron in the medium, the extracellular yields of toxin A, protease, and hemagglutinin were decreased in a similar manner. In addition, the kinetics of release of these extracellular products were similar at a given iron concentration. Thus it appears that the yields of other extracellular products of P. aeruginosa besides toxin A are influenced by the concentration of iron in the growth medium.
The Permutation Group and the Coupling of n Spin- \frac{1}{2} Angular Momenta

The classic problem of constructing the sharp spin states for n spin- \( \frac{1}{2} \) particles by simultaneously classifying the states by their irreducible transformation properties under both SU(2) and Sn is solved explicitly by recognizing that these states are a special case of the boson polynomials of U(n).
Efficient treatment of induced dipoles.

Most existing treatments of induced dipoles in polarizable molecular mechanics force field calculations use either the self-consistent variational method, which is solved iteratively, or the “direct” approximation that is non-iterative as a result of neglecting coupling between induced dipoles. The variational method is usually implemented using assumptions that are only strictly valid under tight convergence of the induced dipoles, which can be computationally demanding to enforce. In this work, we discuss the nature of the errors that result from insufficient convergence and suggest a strategy that avoids such problems. Using perturbation theory to reintroduce the mutual coupling into the direct algorithm, we present a computationally efficient method that combines the precision of the direct approach with the accuracy of the variational approach. By analyzing the convergence of this perturbation series, we derive a simple extrapolation formula that delivers a very accurate approximation to the infinite order solution at the cost of only a few iterations. We refer to the new method as extrapolated perturbation theory. Finally, we draw connections to our previously published permanent multipole algorithm to develop an efficient implementation of the electric field and Thole terms and also derive some necessary, but not sufficient, criteria that force field parameters must obey.
Expression of papillary thyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A

Background. The ret protooncogene (RET), shown to be rearranged in human papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), has been mapped by in situ hybridization to 10q11.2 near the predisposition locus for the inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2). To date PTC has not been an observed characteristic of MEN 2; however, linkage studies in affected families have shown no meiotic recombinants between the MEN 2A gene and RET suggesting tight linkage between loci. Furthermore, RET appears to be expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and pheochromocytoma and for these reasons has emerged as a candidate gene for MEN 2
Relativized Code Concepts and Multi-Tube DNA Dictionaries

Concepts from the theory of variable length codes are relativized to a language L so that demands are made only for those strings that belong to L. Decision procedures and regularity results appropriate for the relativized forms are given. This suggests the definition of a sequence of code types: the join codes of level k (1 ≤ k). At level 1 we have precisely the familiar comma free codes. For a join code of level k, a procedure for segmenting messages into code words is observed that consists of k steps, with each step being carried out in the elementary comma free manner. An illustration of this segmentation process is given using an idealization of the Watson-Crick base pairing of complementary strands of DNA. In this process the code words appear as ssDNA molecules in k distinct test tubes with each test tube content being washed over each incoming ssDNA complemented message strand. After k washings the sequence of attached code words provides the required segmentation.
Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Formation and Nucleolar-Cytoplasmic Relocalization of Nucleolin in Poliovirus-Infected Cells

The poliovirus 3′ noncoding region (3′NCR) is involved in the efficient synthesis of viral negative-stranded RNA molecules. A strong interaction between a 105-kDa host protein and the wild-type 3′NCR, but not with a replication-defective mutant 3′NCR, was detected. This 105-kDa protein was identified as nucleolin which predominantly resides in the nucleolus and has been proposed to function in the folding of rRNA precursor molecules. A functional role for nucleolin in viral genome amplification was examined in a cell-free extract which has been shown to support the assembly of infectious virus from virion RNA. At early times of viral gene expression, extracts depleted of nucleolin produced less infectious virus than extracts depleted of fibrillarin, another resident of the nucleolus, indicating a functional role of nucleolin in the early stages of the viral life cycle in this in vitro system. Immunofluorescence analysis of uninfected and infected cells showed a nucleocytoplasmic relocalization of nucleolin, but not of fibrillarin, in poliovirus-infected cells. Relocalization of nucleolin was not simply a consequence of virally induced inhibition of translation or transcription, because inhibitors of translation or transcription did not induce nucleolar-cytoplasmic relocalization of nucleolin. These findings suggest a novel virus-induced mechanism by which certain nucleolar proteins are selectively redistributed in infected cells.
The clandestine drug laboratory situation in the United States.

Clandestine, or illegal, laboratories are operated by the criminal element to circumvent legal requirements with the goal of supplying drugs of abuse to the illicit market. Investigation of clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories is a high priority of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) because elimination of these laboratories will prevent drugs of abuse from reaching the illicit drug traffic. One of the important responsibilities of forensic chemists assisting in investigations of clandestine drug laboratories is to be familiar with the methods of synthesis being used by clandestine laboratory operators. A review of clandestine laboratory seizures during the period of 1978 through 1981 will be provided to familiarize forensic chemists with current information on the types of laboratories being seized in the United States and the methods of synthesis being used.
The Kantian (Non)-conceptualism Debate

One of the central debates in contemporary Kant scholarship concerns whether Kant endorses a “conceptualist” account of the nature of sensory experience. Understanding the debate is crucial for getting a full grasp of Kant's theory of mind, cognition, perception, and epistemology. This paper situates the debate in the context of Kant's broader theory of cognition and surveys some of the major arguments for conceptualist and non-conceptualist interpretations of his critical philosophy.
Inhibition of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell growth by lovastatin

RAS protein (p21 ras) requires farnesyl (an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis) for activation. Activating mutations of K-ras gene have been detected in most human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In the present study, the effect of lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, on the growth of five pancreatic cancer cell lines (human-CAV, MIA Paca2, CAPAN2 and PANC1, and hamster-H2T) in vitro and of two cell lines (CAV and H2T) in vivo was examined. Inhibition of cell growth was observed with lovastatin doses at or above 2.5 micrograms/mL for H2T, CAV, MIA Paca2, and CAPAN2 or 10 micrograms/mL in PANC1. The H2T cell line was studied further to determine the reversibility of growth inhibition. Mevalonic acid (1 mmol/L) reversed lovastatin-induced inhibition of cell growth if it was added with lovastatin (2.5 micrograms/mL). Similarly, removal of lovastatin from the medium within 24 hours after treatment allowed recovery of cell growth. The effect of lovastatin on cell growth was irreversible after 48 hours of exposure. The survival fraction of H2T cells was markedly decreased by 1- or 24-hour exposure to 75 micrograms/mL but not to doses ranging from 0.5 to 60 micrograms/mL of lovastatin. Growth of pancreatic carcinoma xenografts (CAV and H2T) in nude mice was inhibited by a subcutaneous infusion of lovastatin (50 micrograms/h). These results indicate that mevalonic acid or a metabolite in the cholesterol synthesis pathway is necessary for growth of pancreatic cancer cells and suggest that lovastatin should be further examined as a potential therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
Arte Contemporânea e Novas Mídias: Partilha Digital ou Discurso Híbrido?

Front of the new media art (NMA) and its hybrid characteristics for debate in economic and cultural development internationally, this article aims to discuss about the context of a collaborative, transdisciplinary research at the intersections of art, science, and technology around the world. New media expand possibilities for art, and review its aesthetic applications and social implications in science and technology. The debate about the relationship between electronic art and mainstream art has occupied artists, curators, and theorists for many decades and how about NMA has not only tried to place its practices within the theoretical and exhibition contexts of mainstream contemporary art (MCA), but also has developed its own theoretical language and institutional contexts. This text extends the way we understand the relation between the MCA art world, which in the 2000s and 2010s has much more serious competition than ever before, and the NMA, which has achieved a level of self-sustaining autonomous independence that is perhaps unprecedented. This relationship bring discussions of market value, its authority, pluralism and internal frictions.
Wireless security patch management system

Wireless access on college campuses facilitates the spread of computer viruses and worms due to laptops that do not have current software patches and/or antivirus protection connecting to the network.Wireless local area networks provide a luxury of mobility to clients so that they may roam about without the restriction of wires, room, and/or buildings. At the same time, wireless local area networks have given birth to a new breed of network weaknesses that are compounding and exploiting current local area network vulnerabilities.Today's college campuses present students and professors with a unique environment of network connectivity. Workstations and laptops have the ability to connect to the campus network either through wired or wireless access points. The popularity of wireless mobility has generated an influx of wireless clients on college campuses throughout the United States. However, the popularity has not been as eagerly received by network administrators. Because a great majority of these users lack the knowledge and/or experience to implement best practices such as installing the latest security patches and antivirus software protection or properly configuring firewalls, college campus networks are experiencing high levels of unwanted malicious activity. Network engineers have implemented quick fixes such as "Blacklists" that keep track of infected computers, denying access until properly patched and cleaned. However, this is a labor-intensive temporary solution that requires user involvement, not a fully functional system that automates all the necessary security updates and antivirus software installations as well as assuring proper firewall configuration.An enormous challenge is being faced to keep wireless clients updated with security patches, antivirus protection, and firewall configurations. Viruses and worms are released daily, escalating the problem of keeping wireless clients updated. In response, an automated wireless security patch management system can alleviate the aggravation and overhead associated with the wireless clients.In addition, a wireless security patch management system will also increase the networks information security structure.This paper focuses on a wireless security patch management/antivirus update system that seeks to remedy the problem presented by wireless clients that are not updated with current security patches, antivirus software, and weak or no firewall settings.
The occurrence of multiple glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in cariogenic streptococci

Summary A novel metabolic situation has been found to exist in a number of strains of Streptococcus mutans . These organisms possess two separable glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases which differ in their coenzyme specificities and molecular weights. One of these enzymes is NAD-linked and the other enzyme exhibits specificity for NADP. A possible physiological role for the NADP-linked enzyme in S. mutans is in the generation of NADPH, since this organism lacks both the oxidative portion of the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt pathway and transhydrogenase activity.
Mapping Patterns of Perceptions: A Community-Based Approach to Cultural Competence Assessment.

Unclear definitions and limited system-level assessment measures inhibit cultural responsiveness in children's mental health. This study explores an alternative method to conceptualize and assess cultural competence in four children's mental health systems of care communities from family and professional perspectives. Concept Mapping was used to generate relational maps reflecting indicators of cultural competence and pattern match comparisons within and across communities. Differences and similarities in conceptualizations and participant group comparisons of average statement ratings on three criteria were found among communities. An aggregated map containing 117 statements within 15 clusters of cultural competence is presented. Concept mapping offers promise for contextually conceptualizing and assessing cultural competence. Implications for practice in systems of care are discussed.
Application of communication theory to high-speed structured light illumination

Structured light illumination has been used for several decades to extract three-dimensional information from surface topology. Most of the research and development has been in the light structuring methodology and the electronic processing while a unified theoretical description has been lacking. With the advent of programmable spatial light modulators having high frame rates, structured light illumination methods using spatial and temporal patterns are practical. We present structured light systems using spatial light modulation as communication systems and use communications theory in their description. This theory is applied to the specific method of successive binary light striping and the tradeoffs between surface encoding quality and processing speeds are discussed. Shannon's theorem of channel capacity provides an objective measure to evaluate some of these tradeoffs and compare a variety of different approaches to structured light illumination. Another result of our analysis is the unification of structured light projection with pattern recognition. Methods of image recognition using Fourier expansion via orthogonal pattern projection are presented. The results of this analysis establish some physical limitations which guide us to effectively utilize both the methodology and the technology applicable to both 3-D data acquisition as well as pattern recognition. Both numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate concepts.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Spot test detection of some organic reducing agents

Abstract A method involving the use of ammonium molybdate and excess 70% perchloric acid is described as a detection test for certain classes of organic reducing agents. Mo(VI) is reduced by the organic reducing agents in the presence of concentrated perchloric acid to molybdenum blue. The procedure distinguishes aliphatic aldehydes from aromatic aldehydes, alicyclic ketones from acyclic and aromatic ketones, unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbons and unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbons possessing conjugate double bonds from monoolefinic acyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and saturated alicyclic alcohols from saturated acyclic alcohols.
Structural Phase Transitions in the Potential Hydrogen Storage Compound KBH4 under Compression

Angle-dispersive high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction, high-pressure Raman, and ab initio density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations were performed on KBH4 up to 20 GPa. We demonstrate that KBH4 exhibits structural phase transitions from the ambient α-KBH4 phase (cubic Fm3m) to β-KBH4 (tetragonal P421c) at 3.8 GPa and to the γ-KBH4 phase (orthorhombic Pnma) at 6.8 GPa, which is similar to the phase transition sequence observed for NaBH4 earlier. The transition pressure and bulk modulus obtained for KBH4 in our experiments are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The results further show that the ambient pressure phase of this hydride is reversible.
Nursing's Role in Achieving Excellence in Care Delivery Across the Continuum of Health for New Mothers With Hypertension

Paper Presentation Purpose for the Program The purpose of this innovative program was to prevent new mothers with hypertension from having to be readmitted to the hospital because of hypertension‐related complications. Proposed Change In 2010, direct care nurses became disturbed with an increased trend of new mothers readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge with complications associated with hypertension, such as severe headache, blurry vision, nausea, and vomiting. These nurses identified a need to educate patients facing the major healthcare challenge of hypertension and improve the gap between the care received in the hospital and the home. Hypertension is the most common medical problem encountered during pregnancy. It occurs in as many as 10% of first pregnancies and in 20% to 30% of women with a history of chronic hypertension. Hypertensive disorders may cause maternal and fetal morbidity and remains a leading cause of maternal mortality. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Within an interdisciplinary, Mother/Baby Collaborative Care Council, nurses led the development of an innovative, patient‐friendly educational program for new mothers with hypertension. A hallmark of this evidence‐based, patient safety initiative is close collaboration and care coordination between inpatient mother–baby registered nurses (RNs), case management RNs, and physicians. In addition, within 24 to 36 hours of discharge from the hospital, every new mother with hypertension is visited at home by a community health RN to assess blood pressure and adherence to such things as prescribed medications and diet. These nurses use patient‐centered care to address the diverse needs of new mothers with hypertension. The setting for this innovative program is a 408‐bed, Magnet‐designated community hospital in Long Island, New York. In 2010, there were 1,564 deliveries and 38 new mothers were readmitted for treatment of complications associated with hypertension. In 2011, there were 1,456 deliveries and only five new mothers were readmitted with hypertension. This represents an approximately 85% decrease in readmissions of new mothers with hypertension. Implications for Nursing Practice As patient care advocates, educators and care coordinators, direct care nurses can improve their own professional practice and achieve excellence in care delivery across the continuum for new mothers with special healthcare needs, such as hypertension.
Group choice and individual choices: modeling human social behavior with the Ideal Free Distribution

Abstract Group choice describes the behavioral phenomenon in which a group of individuals chooses between two behavioral alternatives over time and the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) [Acta Biotheor. 19 (1970) 16] describes group choice analogous to individual choice and the matching law. Our experiments investigated the usefulness of IFD analyses of human group choice based on a procedure reported in Sokolowski et al. [Psych. Bull. Rev. 6 (1999) 157]. A group of humans distributed into two subgroups to receive points that could earn cash prizes. The participants aligned themselves into subgroups by choosing between two rows of chairs, two different colored cards, or two cyber-subgroups. Different methods of distributing points to participants showed that IFD matching was dependent on the method (i.e. sharing points evenly produced near IFD matching, but probabilistic point distribution produced more undermatching). In addition, the sensitivity measures of individual choices in the groups differed from the sensitivity of the groups’ choices.