cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production of solubilized carbohydrate from cellulose using non-catalytic, supercritical depolymerization in polar aprotic solvents

We report yields of solubilized and depolymerized carbohydrate from solvent processing of cellulose as high as 94% without use of catalysts. Cellulose was converted using a variety of polar aprotic solvents at supercritical conditions, including 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, methyl iso-butyl ketone, acetone, acetonitrile, and gamma-valerolactone. Maximum yield of solubilized products from cellulose, defined as both depolymerized carbohydrate and products of carbohydrate dehydration, was 72 to 98% at 350 °C for reaction times of 8–16 min. In all cases solvents were recovered with high efficiency. Levoglucosan was the most prevalent solubilized carbohydrate product with yields reaching 41% and 34% in acetonitrile and gamma-valerolactone, respectively. Levoglucosan yields increased with increasing polar solubility parameter, corresponding to decreasing activation energy for cellulose depolymerization.
Quantification of Skeletal Blood Flow and Fluoride Metabolism in Rats using PET in a Pre-Clinical Stress Fracture Model

Purpose Blood flow is an important factor in bone production and repair, but its role in osteogenesis induced by mechanical loading is unknown. Here, we present techniques for evaluating blood flow and fluoride metabolism in a pre-clinical stress fracture model of osteogenesis in rats.
Timing and style of deposition on humid-temperate fans, Vermont, United States

Fans in the once-glaciated, mountainous landscape of humid-temperate New England preserve a long and unique record of deposition and, thus, of hillslope erosion. By using multiple backhoe trenches and radiocarbon dating of wood and charcoal, we determined the history of five small fans (1900‐14,850 m 3 ) that range in age from historic to $13,320 calibrated (cal.) 14 Cy r
Collective decision dynamics in the presence of external drivers

We develop a sequence of models describing information transmission and decision dynamics for a network of individual agents subject to multiple sources of influence. Our general framework is set in the context of an impending natural disaster, where individuals, represented by nodes on the network, must decide whether or not to evacuate. Sources of influence include a one-to-many externally driven global broadcast as well as pairwise interactions, across links in the network, in which agents transmit either continuous opinions or binary actions. We consider both uniform and variable threshold rules on the individual opinion as baseline models for decision making. Our results indicate that (1) social networks lead to clustering and cohesive action among individuals, (2) binary information introduces high temporal variability and stagnation, and (3) information transmission over the network can either facilitate or hinder action adoption, depending on the influence of the global broadcast relative to the social network. Our framework highlights the essential role of local interactions between agents in predicting collective behavior of the population as a whole.
Escape the tyranny of TCP

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is ubiquitous, sophisticated, and effective. It also prevents the innovation needed to improve delivery of Internet services to the wireless tactical edge of DOD operations. We argue in this paper that TCP should be used as a short-range local access protocol for COTS compatibility rather than as the primary end-to-end transport protocol for the tactical GIG. We describe a straightforward way to implement this architecture without changing COTS endpoints. The implementation includes a TCP spoofing proxy, an open-standard HAIPE-compatible short-haul protocol, and a modularized core transport protocol endpoint.
The Hypostasis of the Archons (Conclusion)

Several months after the Coptic text had gone to press I had for the first time the opportunity to examine the papyrus under ultraviolet light. From this final collation resulted a few refinements in the text.
A compact vision sensor for weld pool surface sensing

The purpose of vision-based sensing devices in the welding industry is to electronically replicate the role of a skilled welder and emulate the human eye with a light-sensing device such as camera and the human brain with a computer algorithm that interprets the images. Just as an optical feedback from human eye guides the human welder, optical feedback in this electronic system would be used to control a welding process, in the case of this research, the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Such sensing systems have been developed, but the purpose of this study is to build one using more commonly available elements and on a much smaller scale, as to be able to attach it to an already-existing welding system without imposing dramatic space requirements on the system. This paper discusses the procedure employed in developing the knowledge base and the experimental system used for building this compact sensor. Experiments have been performed to determine the positioning of the lens, its focal length and size. A study of the illuminating system is also documented towards understanding how light is dispersed under the welding environment. The illumination system is based on structured laser light, where a laser line is projected on the weld pool. The weld pool is divided into three parts: front (deepest), middle and back (shallow). Experiments have been performed to determine the position where the laser light needs to hit the weld pool and how it is reflected from various points of the weld pool.
Credit, time, and personality: The human challenges to sharing scholarly work using Web 2.0

Funding bodies, the economics of publishing, and the affordances of Web 2.0 platforms have spurred learned societies, publishers, and scholars to experiment with new media venues for scholarly communication. Why, then, have we seen few widespread changes in how scholars disseminate research in most disciplines? Drawing on qualitative interview data from the Mellon-funded Future of Scholarly Communication Project (2005–2011), we describe how scholars share their work-in-progress and the disciplinary values driving these practices. We then discuss credit, time, and personality as significant barriers to change across disciplines, and we explore these obstacles through an examination of two new paradigms for sharing: open peer review and data sharing. By situating larger discussions about the future of scholarly communication in the everyday lives of scholars, we argue that integration with disciplinary cultures will be key to the success of new media initiatives.
Electroencephalographic correlates of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Background Unremitting fatigue and unrefreshing sleep, hallmark traits of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), are also pathognomonic of sleep disorders. Yet, no reproducible perturbations of sleep architecture, multiple sleep latency times or Epworth Sleepiness Scores are found to be associated consistently with CFS. This led us to hypothesize that sleep homeostasis, rather than sleep architecture, may be perturbed in CFS. To probe this hypothesis, we measured and compared EEG frequencies associated with restorative sleep between persons with CFS and matched controls, both derived from a population-based sample.
Fault-Tolerant Topology Control for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper addresses fault-tolerant topology control in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network consisting of several resource-rich supernodes used for data relaying and a large number of energy constrained wireless sensor nodes. We introduce the fc-degree Anycast Topology Control (fc-ATC) problem with the objective of selecting each sensor's transmission range such that each sensor is fc-vertex supernode connected and the maximum sensor transmission power is minimized. Such topologies are needed for applications that support sensor data reporting even in the event of failures of up to k-1 sensor nodes. We propose two solutions for the k-ATC problem: a greedy centralized algorithm that produces the optimal solution and a distributed and localized algorithm that incrementally adjusts sensors' transmission range such that the k-vertex supernode connectivity requirement is met. Simulation results are presented to verify our approaches.
Spectroscopic determination of the vibrational frequencies of the first 1B1 excited state of LiOLi

Abstract From the assignment of more than 30 vibronic transitions from the X 1 Σ + g (0,0,0) ground state to the 1 B 1 ,K ′ =1(ν ′ 1 ,ν ′ 2 ,ν ′ 3 ) excited states, the vibrational frequencies ω′1,ω′2,ω′3, the anharmonicity constants x11 and x22, and the mode-coupling constant x23 of the lowest excited 1 B 1 (K ′ =1) state of 7 Li 16 O 7 Li have been determined.
Compact, self-contained optical spectrometer

We describe the construction and performance of a self-contained, battery-operated, hand-held optical spectrometer. This unit contains an onboard optical excitation source, miniaturized monochromator, CCD detector, Peltier cooler, LCD display module, and microprocessor control. We demonstrate capabilities for qualitative fluorescence determinations and semiquantitative fluorescence and absorption measurements. Resolution is λ/δλ ≍ 1200 at 434 nm.
Titration of pH-Dependent Sites of Kaolinite in Water and Selected Nonaqueous Solvents

K-saturated kaolinite was titrated in 13 different solvents with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide using a combination electrode for potentiometric determination. The titer of base required to reach the final potentiometric endpoint was dependent on the solvent and increased according to the following solvent order in both the presence and absence of excess neutral salt: methanol ⩽ water < ethanol ⩽ 1-propanol < 1-butanol < 2-propanol < DMF < t-butanol < DMSO < pyridine ⩽ acetonitrile ⩽ methylethyl ketone < acetone. With the protic solvents, titratable acidity increased according to decreasing dielectric constant of the solvent and increasing size and/or branching of the aliphatic constituent. The largest titratable acidities were obtained in the dipolar aprotic solvents with negligible basic character (e.g., acetonitrile, acetone, methylethyl ketone). These results are discussed in terms of solvent properties, solvation characteristics of ions in the solvents, and acid-base behavior of crystalline edge sites.
Implementing OpenMP on a high performance embedded multicore MPSoC

In this paper we discuss our initial experiences adapting OpenMP to enable it to serve as a programming model for high performance embedded systems. A high-level programming model such as OpenMP has the potential to increase programmer productivity, reducing the design/development costs and time to market for such systems. However, OpenMP needs to be extended if it is to meet the needs of embedded application developers, who require the ability to express multiple levels of parallelism, real-time and resource constraints, and to provide additional information in support of optimization. It must also be capable of supporting the mapping of different software tasks, or components, to the devices configured in a given architecture.
Support of Mitochondrial DNA Replication by Human Rad51: A Dissertation

The function of homologous DNA recombination in human mitochondria has been a topic of ongoing debate for many years, with implications for fields ranging from DNA repair and mitochondrial disease to population genetics. While genetic and biochemical evidence supports the presence of a mitochondrial recombination activity, the purpose for this activity and the proteins involved have remained elusive. The work presented in this thesis was designed to evaluate the mitochondrial localization of the major recombinase protein in human cells, Rad51, as well as determine what function it plays in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number that is critical for production of chemical energy through aerobic respiration. The combination of subcellular fractionation with immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation approaches used in this study clearly demonstrates that Rad51 is a bona fide mitochondrial protein that localizes to the matrix compartment following oxidative stress, where it physically interacts with mtDNA. Rad51 was found to be critical for mtDNA copy number maintenance under stress conditions. This requirement for Rad51 was found to be completely dependent on ongoing mtDNA replication, as treatment with the DNA polymerase gamma (Pol Υ) inhibitor, ddC, suppresses both recruitment of Rad51 to the mitochondria following the addition of stress, as well as the mtDNA degradation observed when Rad51 has been depleted from the cell. The data presented here support a model in which oxidative stress induces a three-part response: (1) The recruitment of repair factors including Rad51 to the mitochondrial matrix, (2) the activation of mtDNA degradation systems to eliminate extensively or persistently damaged mtDNA, and (3) the increase in mtDNA replication in order to maintain copy number. The stress-induced decrease in mtDNA copy number observed when Rad51 is depleted is likely the
Economic Sanctions as ‘Negative Development’: The Case of Cuba

Economic sanctions are often viewed as a useful tool to enforce international law. However, they can do significant damage to the economy and development of the targeted country. The US embargo against Cuba has not only blocked its access to US markets but also intervenes in Cuba's trade with third countries, its international financial transactions, and the repair of its infrastructure. The embargo also targets each of the areas in which Cuba is positioned to produce goods and services on a par with highly developed countries, including medicine, biotechnology, and software. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early postsurgical carotid restenosis: redo surgery versus angioplasty/stenting.

Purpose:To compare the results of balloon angioplasty/stenting (BA/S) versus redo surgery in patients with early carotid restenosis.Methods:Sixty-one patients (35 women; mean age 69 years, range 46–82) with early restenosis (<24 months from the primary endarterectomy) in 63 carotid arteries were treated during a 5-year period; 41 patients (41 arteries) had redo surgery (group A) and 20 patients (22 arteries) had BA/S (group B). Patients were followed regularly with duplex ultrasound to detect ≥50% recurrent restenosis (RRS) after redo surgery or BA/S. Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis was used to estimate the stroke-free survival rates and freedom from ≥50% RRS.Results:The demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable for both groups, as were the perioperative stroke and death rates (2.4% and 0% for group A, respectively, versus 4.5% and 0% for group B, p=0.46). Group A had a 12% incidence of cranial nerve injury (all transient) versus 0% for group B (p=0.11); however, group B had a higher incid...
Testicular Cancer Survivors' Impressions of the Impact of the Disease on their Lives:

This is a qualitative study of the psychosocial impact of testicular cancer and its treatment. Interviews were conducted with 11 survivors to examine changes in sense of self due to the experience of testicular cancer. Those aspects of self that were examined included identification self, interpersonal self, body self, and achieving self. Data indicated changes in all four aspects of self These changes appeared to follow a common path: that of focusing on enhancing the experience of the moment.
Analysis of in vitro replication of different DNAs.

(1979). Analysis of in Vitro Replication of Different DNA. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 45-74.
Hyperpermeability of intestinal epithelial monolayers is induced by NO: effect of low extracellular pH

Nitric oxide (NO.) increases the permeability of Caco-2BBe enterocytic monolayers. Many of the toxic effects of NO. are thought to be mediated by the peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), which, under mildly acidic conditions, can rearrange to yield an intermediate with reactivity similar to toxic OH.. Accordingly, we assessed the permeability of Caco-2BBe cells grown on permeable supports for 24 h in media titrated to normal or acidic extracellular pH (pHo) with or without the NO. donors 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Incubation with 2 mM SIN-1 at pHo 6.8 or 0.6 mM SNP at pHo 6.5 increased permeability (apical-to-basolateral flux of fluorescein sulfonic acid), whereas at pHo 7.4 permeability was unaffected by these concentrations of NO. donors. Accumulation of NO2/NO3 in medium (index of NO. release) was not increased by incubation of cells with SIN-1 or SNP under mildly acidic conditions. Under acidic but not control conditions, incubation with SIN-1 caused disruption of perijunctional actin filaments as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. At pHo 6.8 and 6.5 (but not 7.4), SIN-1 significantly decreased intracellular levels of both ATP and glutathione. Incubation with 5 mM deferoxamine or 500 uM ascorbic acid (ONOO- scavengers) abrogated SIN-1-induced hyperpermeability. We conclude that mild acidosis augments NO.-induced intestinal epithelial permeability, possibly by promoting oxidant-mediated cytoskeletal damage and/or ATP depletion.
The Formation of the Middle Membrane in the Wings of Platyphylax Designatus Walk

There appears to be some difference of opinion regarding the terms middle membrane and “Grundmembran,” their first formation and ultimate fate, and, at what stages in the development of the insect’s wing they occur. Semper (10), from whose paper the word “Grundmembran” comes chose for his work the later stages of some Lepidoptera and found, between the two hypodermal layers of the developing wing, a membrane-like structure which he called the “Grundmembran” —this name has been adopted by others. Semper's view as to the origin of this membrane from “Bildungszellen” has been followed by some; we believe, however, the more widely accepted view to be that of Schaffer (9) who, speaking of the development of the wing in the Lepidoptera says: “Sehr fruh, etwas sobald die Schuppen sich anlegen, beginnt in ganz eigenartiger Weise die Verschmelzung der Flugelblatter.” Again: “Est is eine von Plasmen gebildtee continuirliche Membran vorhanden die ich als ‘Grundmembran’ des Epithels bezeichnen wilL” Later the same worker says: “die Grundmembranen bei der Flugelblatter sich bereits dicht auf einander verschmolzen sind. Der Flugel erscheint so aus zwei Epithelien zusammensesetzt, von denen gegen eine in der Mitte gelengene Membran pfeilartige Fortsatze auslaufen.”
Arc Suppression and Defect Reduction in Semiconductor Metallization

Suppression of arcing between the target and plasma during PVD is a key issue for defect reduction, yield improvement and high quality metallization in microelectronics manufacturing. An integrated mini sparcle product has been designed for Endura HP PVD™ sputtering sources. Characteristics of arcing and mechanisms for suppression are discussed here. Process characterization with Ti, TiN and Al sputtering proves that the arc suppression unit has little adverse impact on film properties. The uniformity of reactive sputtered TiN is improved with arc suppression. Marathon evaluation indicates significant reduction in TiN defect and Interconnect metal stack defect. The study of the application for a wide variety of materials (Al, Ti, TiN, SiW, Si) establishes a correlation between deposition rate loss and sputtering power and this relation is found to be almost independent of the materials sputtered. The impact on throughput for typical metal stack is also presented in this paper.
Rainfall Effects on Transmission of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

We explored the action of rain on the translocation of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) at tree, branch, and leaf level. Artificial rainfall was used to simulate naturally occurring rainfall on leaves contaminated with 1st-instal gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), which had died of LdNPV. Bioassays using larvae in mesh bags on originally contaminated branches and branches below indicated that rainfall is effective in moving virus from branch to branch. This result was confirmed by an experiment using similar methods and naturally occurring rainfall. To examine this effect at the level of the leaf, we bioassayed leaf disks extracted from leaves with and without cadavers. Mortality of test larvae in leaf disk bioassays was strongly correlated with the presence of a cadaver on a leaf, but not confined to disks with cadavers. Mortality caused by non-LdNPV factors was also associated with consumption of a cadaver.
Results from neutron imaging of ICF experiments at NIF

In 2011 a neutron imaging diagnostic was commissioned at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This new system has been used to collect neutron images to measure the size and shape of the burning DT plasma and the surrounding fuel assembly. The imaging technique uses a pinhole neutron aperture placed between the neutron source and a neutron detector. The detection system measures the two-dimensional distribution of neutrons passing through the pinhole. This diagnostic collects two images at two times. The long flight path for this diagnostic, 28 m, results in a chromatic separation of the neutrons, allowing the independently timed images to measure the source distribution for two neutron energies. Typically one image measures the distribution of the 14 MeV neutrons, and the other image measures the distribution of the 6-12 MeV neutrons. The combination of these two images has provided data on the size and shape of the burning plasma within the compressed capsule, as well as a measure of the quantity and spatial distribution of the cold fuel surrounding this core. Images have been collected for the majority of the experiments performed as part of the ignition campaign. Results from this data have been used to estimate a burn-averaged fuel assembly as well as providing performance metrics to gauge progress towards ignition. This data set and our interpretation are presented.
A computational model of eye movements as cyclic top-down and bottom-up processes

Studying eye movement not only has theoretical significance in understanding visual attention, but also practical relevance to a diverse range of human factors applications such as aviation, driving, and display design. This article presents the use of a computational model of eye movement based upon reinforcement learning to examine the cyclic influences of top-down and bottom-up processes. The first study showed that different policies obtained from different goals in viewing a picture produced different types of eye movement patterns. The second study showed that the feedback information from each saccadic eye movement could be used to update the model's eye movement transition matrix, which led to different patterns in the subsequent saccade in a visual search task. These two studies demonstrate the value of an integrated reinforcement learning model in explaining both top-down and bottom-up processes of eye movement within one computational model.
The relationship between end-of-treatment alcohol use and subsequent healthcare costs: do heavy drinking days predict higher healthcare costs?

BACKGROUND: A challenge for evaluating alcohol treatment efficacy is determining what constitutes a "good" outcome or meaningful improvement. Abstinence at the end of treatment is an unambiguously good outcome; however, a focus on abstinence ignores the potential benefits of patients reducing their drinking to less problematic levels. Patients may be drinking at low-risk levels at the end of treatment but may be high-functioning and impose few social costs. In this study, we estimate the relationship between drinking at the end of COMBINE treatment and subsequent healthcare costs with an emphasis on heavy and nonheavy drinking levels. METHODS: Indicators of heavy drinking days (HDDs; 5+ drinks for men, 4+ for women) and nonheavy drinking days (non-HDDs) during the last 30 days of COMBINE treatment were constructed for 748 patients enrolled in the COMBINE Economic Study. Generalized linear models were used to model total costs following COMBINE treatment as a function of drinking indicators. Different model specifications analyzed alternative counts of HDDs (e.g., 1 HDD and 2 to 30 HDDs), and groups having Both non-HDDs and HDDs. RESULTS: Patients with HDDs had 66.4% (p CONCLUSIONS: Having HDDs at the end of treatment is associated with higher costs. Patients who had Only HDDs at the end of treatment had worse subsequent outcomes than those who had Both non-HDDs and HDDs. These findings offer new context for evaluating treatment outcomes and provide new information on the association of drinking with consequences.Copyright © 2016 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. Language: en
Dysgerminoma: With a report of nine cases, one associated with pregnancy

Abstract Nine cases of ovarian dysgerminoma are presented, one complicating pregnancy. All these tumors were found among young individuals. The tumors occurred unilaterally in seven instances. In 5 cases there was associated uterine hypoplasia. In spite of a histologic picture of undoubted malignancy, recurrence followed in only 2 instances.
"Beijing Paralympic Games Final Report" and Experience the Creation of Meaning

For the first time and with the significant of landmark in the development history of Paralympic Movement,the Official Report of Beijing Paralympic Game was submitted to International Paralympic Committee(IPC) in a independent volume.The Official Report of Beijing Paralympic Games has been fully approved and highly appraised by IPC.For propagating the Olympic Spirits,inheriting Paralympic legacy,and developing Chinese disabled persons sport causes,the writing and editing team of CIPES has overall reviewed the report's producing meaning and background,briefly narrated the creative process and report's framework,deeply concluded their working experiences and learning,and clearly provided relative thoughts and suggestions.
Flibanserin and Female Sexual Desire

Female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is one type of sexual problem that can affect women. It is characterized by low or absent sexual desire that cannot be attributed to another cause and results in difficulty in interpersonal relationships. HSDD is not well understood, and women may not report symptoms of difficulties to their health care providers. In August 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved flibanserin, a nonhormonal oral medication for the treatment of HSDD in premenopausal women. Flibanserin is the only currently available pharmacologic treatment for HSDD. This article will provide an overview of flibanserin, including potential adverse reactions, special considerations for use, and implications for nursing practice.
Lipogenesis in Huh7 cells is promoted by increasing the fructose: Glucose molar ratio.

Core tip: Employing an in vitro hepatocyte culture model, these data demonstrate fructose promotes intracellular synthesis both of cholesterol and of triglyceride. The results support the requirement for future, in vivo investigations to determine whether diets high in fructose are risk factors for hepatic steatosis and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Does Socioeconomic Status Matter for Chinese Immigrants’ Academic Socialization? Family Environment, Parental Engagement, and Preschoolers’ Outcomes

Families’ academic socialization mediates how socioeconomic status (SES) affects children’s achievement. However, little is known about whether cultural values and family cohesion could buffer negative effects of low SES. We examined parental academic socialization and children’s achievement in 220 low- and middle-SES Chinese immigrant families with four-year-olds. Low-SES parents showed less stressful family environments and stronger beliefs about parental responsibility for education. However, middle-SES parents provided more reading engagement and enrichment activities. Reading engagement and SES were significantly associated with children’s academic performance. These findings demonstrate low-SES families’ strengths but suggest the need to provide more support for such families.
SHIP-1 Associates with Tyrosine Phosphorylated Protein Kinase C-Delta at 155 Residue.

Abstract 3004 Poster Board II-981 Protein Kinase C-delta (PKCδ) is a novel PKC isoform that differentially regulates platelet dense granule secretion. PKCδ positively regulates Protease activated receptor (PAR)-mediated dense granule secretion, whereas it negatively regulates glycoproteinVI (GPVI)-mediated dense granule secretion in platelets. PKCδ, a serine/threonine kinase is phosphorylated on its tyrosine residues. There are nine potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the regulatory domain of PKCδ. Phosphorylation at different tyrosine residues regulates its substrate specificity. We have previously shown that the association of PKCδ with Lyn and SHIP-1 negatively regulates GPVI-mediated dense granule secretion. However, the event leading to the association between PKCδ and SHIP-1 is not known. We hypothesize that the differential tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ downstream of PARs or GPVI receptors result in the preferential association with SHIP-1. In the current study, we show that PKCδ is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues Y332, Y523, Y525 and Y565 upon PAR or GPVI stimulation. Y311 residue is predominantly phosphorylated upon stimulation of PARs, whereas Y155 residue is preferentially phosphorylated upon GPVI stimulation. PAR-mediated Y311 phosphorylation peaks at later timepoint, whereas GPVI-mediated Y155 phosphorylation peaks at an early timepoint. correlating with dense granule secretion. Furthermore, we show that agarose-conjugated Y155 phosphorylated PKCδ peptide associates with SHIP-1 upon GPVI stimulation, and not PARs. These data suggest that the phosphorylation of PKCδ at distinct tyrosine residues differentially regulate its association with SHIP-1. Therefore, we conclude that the GPVI-mediated phosphorylation of PKCδ at 155 is required for its association with SHIP-1. This study is supported by pre-doctoral fellowship to Ramya Chari from American Heart Association, Pennsylvania-Delaware affiliate. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Radio Sources opposite Quasars as a Cosmological Test

IN a previous communication1 I discussed the possibility of having a closed universe model with the pole at a red-shift z ≃ 1.7. One possible observation in such a universe would be images in opposite or near opposite directions to the original object, if the object is not too far from the pole. I showed that this may happen for a few radio sources listed in the 4C radio catalogues2. Another possible observation is to look for radio sources opposite known quasars. To illustrate such an investigation I will refer to a cosmological model with a pole at red-shift 1.7, deceleration parameter q0 = −1.4 and a density parameter σ0 = 0.085. In this model objects must have lifetimes of the order of 1–10 × 109 yr to be seen in two directions, because of the difference in light travel time. This lifetime is too long for a quasar, but it may be possible to observe the object in a pre-quasar or post-quasar stage as a radio source or even as a faint optical object.
Development of InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II QW SWIR focal plane array with cutoff-wavelength of 2.5 μm

Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) focal plane array (FPA), has an attractive application such as night vision, chemical sensing, remote monitoring of infrastructure and so on. In spite of the many trials on alternative material, FPA with HgCdTe (MCT) keep predominant position in SWIR region, especially over wavelength of 1.7μm. However, MCT is not suitable for commercial application due to its containing environmentally hazardous substances. For a commercial use, so far, Sumitomo Electric has developed FPA with InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum well structures, which are based on maturity of III-V compound semiconductor epitaxial and device fabrication technology. Recently, we have successfully extended cutoff-wavelength up to 2.5μm, which showed comparable spectral range to MCT. By adopting asymmetrically the thicker layer of InGaAs in quantum wells, we modified spectral response related to the type-II transition in the quantum well. The 250-pair InGaAs/GaAsSb quantum wells structure lattice-matched InP substrates were grown by metal organic vaper phase epitaxy. The p-n junction of each pixel was formed by selective zinc diffusion. Dark current density was less than 1μA/cm2 at 213K, which means comparably to low dark current of MCT. Temperature dependence of dark current density showed diffusion current limited mode. These results means InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II FPA is a promising candidate for commercial applications. In the presentation, we will report the characteristics of InGaAs/GaAsSb type-II quantum well and the operational results of SWIR FPA.
Sirtuin1 is required for proper trophoblast differentiation and placental development in mice

Abstract Introduction Placental insufficiency, arising from abnormal trophoblast differentiation and function, is a major cause of fetal growth restriction. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) is a ubiquitously-expressed NAD-dependent protein deacetylase which plays a key role in numerous cellular processes, including cellular differentiation and metabolism. Though Sirt1 has been widely studied, its role in placentation and trophoblast differentiation is unclear. Method Sirt1-heterozygous mice were mated and evaluated at various points during embryogenesis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to further characterize the placental phenotype of Sirt1-null mice. Wild-type (WT) and Sirt1-null mouse trophoblast stem cell (TSC) lines were derived from e3.5 littermate blastocysts. These cells were then evaluated at various points following differentiation. Differentiation was evaluated by expression of lineage specific markers using qPCR and flow cytometry, as well as Matrigel invasion assays. Global gene expression changes were evaluated using microarray-based RNA profiling; changes in specific pathways were validated using qPCR and western blot. Results In the absence of Sirt1, both embryos and placentas were small, with placentas showing abnormalities in both the labyrinthine layer and junctional zone. Sirt1-null TSCs exhibited an altered phenotype in both undifferentiated and differentiated states, phenotypes which corresponded to changes in pathways relevant to both TSC maintenance and differentiation. Specifically, Sirt1-null TSC showed blunted differentiation, and appeared to be suspended in an Epcamhigh trophoblast progenitor state. Discussion Our results suggest that Sirt1 is required for proper TSC differentiation and placental development.
Transcriptional/Translational Regulation of Mammalian Spermatogenic Stem Cells

A fundamental feature of mammalian spermatogenesis is the continuous production of sperm within the testis throughout an animal’s entire reproductive lifetime. It takes many weeks for a single spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) to become a functional sperm yet it has been estimated that the human testis produces 1,000 sperm with each heartbeat or about 37 billion sperm per year [1]. To achieve and sustain this immense level of production, the pool of SSCs and the commitment of these cells to differentiation must be carefully coordinated. Like many other organ stem cell populations, very little is known about the factors that regulate the balance between SSC self-renewal and their commitment to spermatogenesis within the testis. This chapter will review our current understanding of the characteristics of mammalian SSCs and the transcriptional and translational controls governing SSC self-renewal and differentiation. I will focus predominantly on rodent models, as they have generated the majority of data in this field, however, where possible I will also comment on the regulation of SSC pools in other species.
Technology in the Hospitality Industry: Prospects and Challenges

The leisure and hospitality industry is one of the driving forces of the global economy. The widespread adoption of new technologies in this industry during recent years has fundamentally reshaped the way in which services are provided and received. In this article, we explore some of the state-of-the-art technologies currently employed in the hospitality industry and how they are improving guest experiences and changing the hospitality service platform. We also envision some potential future hospitality services we can expect as Internet of Things (IoT) technology keeps growing. We also discuss some fundamental challenges that must be overcome to institute a lasting, futureproof solution for the hospitality industry.
Characteristics of mixing and the dilution of waste stack gases in the atmosphere

A study has been made to determine the general characteristics of mixing and the amount of dilution that waste stack gases would experience when discharged into the atmosphere. It was assumed that such was dependent upon the meteorological conditions. Hence, for the experimental work, a 16 inch stack, 200 ft. high, was erected through which, by means of blowers, the whole discharge of an Army M-1 smoke'' (oil-fog) generator was ejected into the air. The stack was provided with 1-{1/4} inch outlets at each 50 ft. interval (up to 150 ft.) through which came enough smoke to act as tracers for air flow at the various altitudes. These jet pipes extended outward 3 feet from the stack; from each jet and at 200 feet a shielded thermocouple was suspended and connected to a precision potentiometer in the nearby office building. Recording anemometers were placed at 16 and 60 feet and a recording anemometer and wind vane at 200 feet. This instrumental arrangement provided data on the lapse rate, the wind velocity, the change of wind velocity and the wind direction of the stack top.
The M-F Scale: Yesterday and Today

The problem studied was the measurement of Masculinity—Femininity (M—F) by scales so labelled on personality inventories. One hundred-twenty items from three representative scales were administered...
Reason and Reality

It is an unavoidable fact that substantial difficulties confront human inquiry in its project of gaining an appropriate under-standing of nature. In this connection, the present discussion will examine the ramifications and implications of four fundamental considerations regarding the situation of scientific theorizing: data underdetermine theories; theories underdetermine facts; reality transcends the descriptive resources of language (and symbolic representation in general); reality transcends the explanatory resources of science.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS--SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes atherosclerosis. Fibrous arteriosclerotic plaques occur with frequency in a number of the lower animal species. The chapter discusses spontaneous atherosclerosis that is restricted to those animal species in which the intimal lesion is associated with a focal accumulation of lipid, blood and blood products, fibrous tissue, calcium deposits, and associated with medial changes. The choice of an experimental animal for atherosclerosis research is a philosophic matter. The two schools of thought among workers in the field are—whether to choose an animal that is anthropologically similar to man and disregard the similarity or dissimilarity of its atherosclerotic process to that of man, or to choose an animal model on the basis of the similarity of the atherosclerotic process and disregard its anthropologic relationship to man. If one relies on historical developments in the field of comparative medicine for guidance in making this choice, it would appear that the best approach is the selection of an animal model based upon the similarity of the disease process.
Fractionation of Glycomacropeptide from Whey Using Positively Charged Ultrafiltration Membranes

Fractionation of the bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP) from the other proteins in cheese whey was examined using ultrafiltration membranes surface modified to contain positively charged polymer brushes made of polyhexamethylene biguanide. By placing a strong positive charge on a 1000 kDa ultrafiltration membrane and adjusting the pH of whey close to the isoelectric point of GMP, a 14-fold increase in selectivity was observed compared to unmodified membranes. A one stage membrane system gave 90% pure GMP and a three-stage rectification system gave 97% pure GMP. The charged membrane was salt-tolerant up to 40 mS cm−1 conductivity, allowing fractionation of GMP directly from cheese whey without first lowering the whey conductivity by water dilution. Thus, similarly sized proteins that differed somewhat in isoelectric points and were 50–100 fold smaller than the membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), were cleanly fractionated using charged ultrafiltration membranes without water addition. This is the first study to report on the use of salt-tolerant charged ultrafiltration membranes to produce chromatographically pure protein fractions from whey, making ultrafiltration an attractive alternative to chromatography for dairy protein fractionation.
Pseudonym Certificate Validations under Heavy Vehicular Traffic Loads

The Security Credential Management System (SCMS) has been proposed to provide a trust framework that ensures integrity, authenticity, and unlinkability of DSRC messages by issuing pseudonyms with implicit certificates. Nevertheless, validating the integrity and authenticity of a message at an On-Board Unit (OBU) incurs processing delays of about 22ms. Given that Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) are emitted by every vehicle at a rate of 10Hz creates many messages to be validated by an ego vehicle under heavy vehicular traffic. Such traffic loads may create delays in the processing of safety critical messages. In order to avoid such delays, we propose a message processing algorithm that provides a 3 level processing priority based on the immediate neighborhood of an ego vehicle. We show that our algorithm performs well under increasing vehicular traffic loads on realistic highway scenarios measured with respect to message deadline miss ratios and accumulating unprocessed message queue lengths. Further, we propose extending SCMS with cross certification capabilities in order to facilitate seamless certificate validation across administrative boundaries with individualized SCMS trust roots.
Doing the Right Thing: The Ethical Philosophy of the Bhagavad Gītā

The Bhagavad Gītā is a book of self-mastery for leaders and managers. This chapter presents the ethical and spiritual philosophy of the Bhagavad Gītā as a pathway to self-mastery and freedom. It mainly focuses on its teachings regarding the discipline of selfless action (Karma Yoga) and the discipline of Self-knowledge (Jnāna Yoga) as two basic archetypes of ethics and spirituality presented in the Gītā. The first part of the chapter will present an overview of the Gītā, with a special reference to the psychological make-up of individuals comprising three basic modes of nature—sattva (purity/goodness) that brings truth/harmony; rajas (movement/passion) that kindles action/activity, and tamas (ignorance/ inertia) that leads to delusion/confusion. The teaching of selfless service and three psychological types have direct application to the field of management and leadership.
Building Public Schools in the City: The Role of Neighborhood Context on Voter Support for School Bonds:

This article explores individuals’ vote choice on a public good, namely, public school bonds. I argue that during a period of significant citywide demographic change the ethnic or racial context of...
Thermolytic osmotic heat engine for low-grade heat harvesting: Thermodynamic investigation and potential application exploration

Abstract The osmotic heat engine is a promising technology for harvesting low-grade heat from different heat sources. However, a better understanding of the system performance, thermodynamic efficiencies, and suitable application circumstances (type of heat sources, system energy generation capacity, etc.) is needed before the transition can be made from conceptual design to practice. Firstly, the energy efficiency (ƞth) and exergy efficiency (ƞX) of a thermolytic osmotic heat engine (NH4HCO3 solution as the working fluid) were investigated in this study. It was found that the osmotic heat engine performs better when the operating temperature (heat source temperature) is lower (323 K). Additionally, a higher draw solution concentration and a lower feed solution concentration can increase both ƞX and ƞth. Subsequently, the energy return on investment with either low-grade industrial waste heat or solar thermal energy acting as the heat source was calculated. It was found that different energy return on investment values can be obtained with different heat sources. The results show that when industrial waste heat is used as the heat source, a much higher energy return on investment value (approximately 55) can be obtained. This finding indicates that it is suitable to generate electricity from industrial waste heat using the osmotic heat engine. When solar thermal energy is used as the heat source the energy return on investment value is 1.3–2.2 because there is a large amount of embodied energy in the flat-plate solar collector. This study represents a step forward towards the practical application of the osmotic heat engine.
Parental influences on child report of relational attribution biases during early childhood.

Abstract Influences on social cognition, such as hostile attribution biases, are a relatively understudied topic despite the association of hostile attribution biases with important developmental and clinical outcomes. From a developmental perspective, it is particularly important to understand the early development of biases regarding how the intentions of others are perceived, especially in the relationship context. Therefore, understanding potential correlates, such as parental influences, of such biases during early childhood may be especially important. The current study (N = 121) was designed to explore several gaps and limitations in the hostile intent attribution literature, especially the lack of research on hostile attribution biases for relational provocations and associated parent behavior. In particular, this gap was addressed by investigating parental influences on hostile attribution biases for relational provocations during early childhood (i.e., 3–5 years of age) using parent and child reports. It was found that parent hostile attribution biases for relational provocations was significantly associated with child hostile attribution biases for relational provocations. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that parent relational aggression was related to parenting practices. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Deep Correspondence Learning for Effective Robotic Teleoperation using Virtual Reality

By projecting into a 3-D workspace, robotic teleoperation using virtual reality allows for a more intuitive method of control for the operator than using a 2-D view from the robot's visual sensors. This paper investigates a setup that places the teleoperator in a virtual representation of the robot's environment and develops a deep learning based architecture modeling the correspondence between the operator's movements in the virtual space and joint angles for a humanoid robot using data collected from a series of demonstrations. We evaluate the correspondence model's performance in a pick-and - place teleoperation experiment.