cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disaster relief and recovery after a landslide at a small, rural hospital in Guatemala.

Introduction: Though many reports have assessed hospital emergency responses during a disaster that affected the facility's operations, relatively little work has been dedicated to identifying factors that aid or impede the recovery of such hospitals. Problem: On 05 October 2005, Hurricane Stan triggered landslides that buried an impoverished Mayan community in Santiago Atitlan, Guatemala. The six-bed Hospitalito Atitlan also was in the landslide's path. Though opened just months earlier, the institution maintained 24-hour services until reopening in a new facility only 15 days after the landslides. Methods: This qualitative study examined the Hospitalito Atitlan's disaster recovery using unstructured interviews with key hospital personnel and community members. Participant observation provided information about institutional and cultural dynamics affecting the hospital's recovery. Data were collected retrospectively during June–September 2006 and June 2007. Results: The Hospitalito's emergency responses and recovery were distinct endeavors that nonetheless overlapped in time. The initial 12 hours of disorganized emergency relief work was quickly succeeded by an organized effort by the institution to provide inpatient and clinic-based care to the few severely injured and many worried-well patients. As international aid started arriving 2–3 days post-landslide, the Hospitalito's 24-hour clinical services made it an integral organization in the comprehensive health response. Meanwhile, a subset of the Hospitalito's non-clinical staff initiated rebuilding efforts by Day 2 after the event, joined later by medical staff as outside aid allowed them to handoff clinical duties. Effective use of the Internet and conventional media promoted donations of money and supplies, which provided the raw materials used by a group determined to reopen their hospital. Conclusions: Early work by a recovery-focused team coupled with a shared understanding of the Hospitalito as an institution that transcended its damaged building drove the hospital's rapid post-emergency revival. Encouraging a similar sense of mission, emulating the Hospitalito's handling of funding and material procurement, and conducting rebuilding and relief efforts in parallel may aid recovery at other health facilities.
MAPPING RIVER DEPTH FROM PUBLICLY AVAILABLE AERIAL IMAGES

Remote sensing could facilitate efficient characterization of river systems for research and management purposes, provided that suitable image data are available and that the information derived therefrom is reliable. This study evaluated the utility of public domain multispectral images for estimating flow depths in a small stream and a larger gravel-bed river, using data acquired through a task-oriented consortium and the National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP). Field measurements were used to calibrate image-derived quantities to observed depths and to assess depth retrieval accuracy. A band ratio-based algorithm yielded coherent, hydraulically reasonable bathymetric maps for both field sites and three different types of image data. Applying a spatial filter reduced image noise and improved depth retrieval performance, with a strong calibration relationship (R2 = 0.68) and an observed (field-surveyed) versus predicted (image-derived) R2 of 0.6 for tasked images of the smaller stream. The NAIP data were less useful in this environment because of geo-referencing errors and a coarser spatial resolution. On the larger river, NAIP-derived bathymetry was more accurate, with an observed versus predicted R2 value of 0.64 for a compressed county mosaic easily accessible via the Internet. Comparison of remotely sensed bathymetric maps with field surveys indicated that although the locations of pools were determined accurately, their full depth could not be detected because of limited sensor radiometric resolution. Although a number of other constraints also must be considered, such as the need for local calibration data, depth retrieval from publicly available image data is feasible under appropriate conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The core disagreement between Pigou, the profession, and Coase in the analyses of the externality question

The source of disagreement between Pigou, the profession, and Coase in regard to the externalities is thought to be transaction cost. Coase shows that the traditional prescription for remedying externality problems can be wrong if transaction cost is positive. But Pigou did recognize that positive transaction cost played a role in creating externality problems even though the profession later failed to do so. The present paper documents this, and it suggests instead that the core disagreement was in Pigou's willingness to rely on an omnicient State to implement policy and Coase's refusal to do so. In a comparison of these two views, Coase's zero transaction cost model plays a more important role than that commonly assigned it.
The dynamics of gonad growth and ascorbate status in yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill)

Yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), caught in the wild (Grand St Marys Lake, Ohio) and cultured in the laboratory were used to examine the relationship between gonad development and the concentration of ascorbic acid in ovaries, testes, liver and kidney. In wild fish the ovary had concentrations of ascorbate twice as high (75-102 μg g-1) as the testis (28-48 μg g-1), and when the differences in gonadosomatic indices between sexes were accounted for, females deposited 10-fold more of this essential nutrient in gonads than did males. Yellow perch cultured intensively throughout the gonadal recrudescence had shown a decrease of ascorbate concentration in the kidney, liver and ovary during winter, most likely due to the low dietary level of the vitamin. Diet enrichment with ascorbic acid resulted in a dramatic increase of ascorbate in ovary and other tissues. Incorporation of ascorbic acid may take place during the late vitellogenesis, and this vitamin deserves to be studied as a quality indicator in fish eggs.
Spatial Patterns in Assemblage Structures of Pelagic Forage Fish and Zooplankton in Western Lake Superior

We assessed abundance, size, and species composition of forage fish and zooplankton communities of western Lake Superior during August 1996 and July 1997. Data were analyzed for three ecoregions (Duluth-Superior, Apostle Islands, and the open lake) differing in bathymetry and limnological and biological patterns. Zooplankton abundance was three times higher in the Duluth-Superior and Apostle Islands regions than in the open lake due to the large numbers of rotifers. Copepods were far more abundant than Cladocera in all ecoregions. Mean zooplankton size was larger in the open lake due to dominance by large calanoid copepods although size of individual taxa was similar among ecoregions. Forage fish abundance and biomass was highest in the Apostle Islands region and lowest in the open lake ecoregion. Lake herring (Coregonus artedi), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) comprised over 90% of the abundance and biomass of fishes caught in midwater trawls and recorded with hydroacoustics. Growth and condition of fish was good, suggesting they were not resource limited. Fish and zooplankton assemblages differed among the three ecoregions of western Lake Superior, due to a combination of physical and limnological factors related to bathymetry and landscape position.
The powerful want to, the powerless have to : Perceived constraint moderates causal attributions

It is popularly believed that powerful people enjoy a nearly-absolute lack of constraints, and that powerless people suffer under overwhelming constraints; in fact, such differences largely define the social categories of ‘powerful person’ and ‘powerless person.’ This association of power-related social categories and constraint constitutes a stereotype that may lead perceivers to overlook other, more diagnostic information when explaining others’ behavior. As a result, the actions of powerholders may tend to be seen as dispositionally motivated and those of the powerless as situationally motivated. This should occur because of both real differences in constraint, and bias in the failure to account forother, more diagnostic information about constraint. Two studies support these predictions. In Study 1, participants judged powerless workers as more situationally motivated, especially under coercion, than both controls and powerholders, who were judged as more dispositional. In Study 2, given more fine-grained information about constraints and power, participants’ attributions reflected both accurate use of this information and bias. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. One way in which powerful people seem fortunate is that they seem able to do whatever they want. Powerless people, on the other hand, are subject to limitations and the control of others. As a result, when we hear about the actions of the powerful, we interpret them differently from those of people who are powerless; we may assume that the powerholder intended his or her action, but the powerless person was simply forced—by circumstance or a stronger party—to act. For example, imagine that you go to work on Monday and hear that John, a member of your department, was working all weekend. How do you and your co-workers explain John’s behavior? In this paper, we suggest that you will use John’s power in the organization as a cue about the likely causes of his behavior. We suggest that if John is a lowly employee, you may assume that he was compelled to be there. If John is the boss, however, you might be more likely to assume that he chose to be there, that his behavior reflected his own volition or even desire.
Discovering Stakeholder Values for Axiology-Based Value Analysis of Building Projects

AbstractThere has been an increasing demand for maximizing the environmental, social, and economic value of built infrastructure. However, a major gap still exists in the area of value analysis; there is no formal model to conceptualize, represent, and reason about value and valuation of built infrastructure. This paper presents the authors’ work in the area of formal axiology-based value analysis of building projects. Axiology is a theory of value and worth. The formal axiology is a theory-based, semantic model for analyzing and assessing the value (worth) of building projects based on the environmental, social, and economic values of stakeholders (e.g., energy conservation, safety, economic growth). The first step towards developing the formal axiology is discovering stakeholder values in the context of building projects. Value discovery is the process of identifying the values that are relevant to a particular system. In this paper, the authors focus on presenting their value-discovery work for residen...
A rapid and specific method for the detection of indole in complex biological samples

Indole, a bacterial product of tryptophan degradation, has a variety of important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and is a biomarker in biological and clinical specimens. Yet, specific assays to quantitate indole are complex and require expensive equipment and a high level of training. Thus, indole in biological samples is often estimated using the simple and rapid Kovacs assay, which nonspecifically detects a variety of commonly occurring indole analogs. We demonstrate here a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for measuring indole in complex biological samples using a specific reaction between unsubstituted indole and hydroxylamine. We compared the hydroxylamine-based indole assay (HIA) to the Kovacs assay and confirmed that the two assays are capable of detecting microgram amounts of indole. However, the HIA is specific to indole and does not detect other naturally occurring indole analogs. We further demonstrated the utility of the HIA in measuring indole levels in clinically relevant biological materials, such as fecal samples and bacterial cultures. Mean and median fecal indole concentrations from 53 healthy adults were 2.59 mM and 2.73 mM, respectively, but varied widely (0.30 mM to 6.64 mM) among individuals. We also determined that enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain H10407 produces 3.3 ± 0.22 mM indole during a 24-h period in the presence of 5 mM tryptophan. The sensitive and specific HIA should be of value in a variety of settings, such as the evaluation of various clinical samples and the study of indole-producing bacterial species in the gut microbiota.
Kuskusky Towns and Early Western Pennsylvania Indian History, 1748-1778

DURING THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, Indians throughout eastern North America came under increasing pressure from Euro-American colonies. This was especially true for native societies living on the borders of Anglo-America. The growing conflict between Great Britain and France after 1689 threatened not only the peace of their respective American colonies, but also the survival of many Indian nations, from the Iroquois of New York to the Cherokees and Creeks of the southeast, who found themselves living between the imperial giants. Of equal concern to the Delawares and Shawnees of eastern Pennsylvania was the rising tide of colonial settlement that threatened to appropriate and extinguish the natives' political indepen dence and cultural identities.
MAXIMUM WAVE HEIGHT PROBABILITIES FOR A RANDOM NUMBER OF RANDOM INTENSITY STORMS

A very general model is presented for the probability distribution function for wave heights in storms with time-varying intensities Some of the possible choices for functions in the model are listed and discussed Techniques for determining the "equivalent rectangular storm" corresponding to a given historically recorded storm are developed The final model formula expresses the probabilities for a random number of random length storms each with random intensities.
Conventional Wisdom Reconsidered

AbstractLepore and Stone seek to replace the rationality-based Gricean picture of coordination between speaker and hearer with one leaning more strongly on the roles of convention and speaker knowledge while doing away with conversational implicature. Focusing on the phenomena of indirect speech acts, asymmetric conjunction, and scalar inferencing, I argue that the case for abandoning implicature as an analytical tool is not ultimately compelling. I seek further to demonstrate the utility of the classical Gricean distinction between what is said and what is implicated in the construction of an intuitively appealing approach to the perennial question of how to distinguish lying from misleading inside and outside the legal domain.
Line fitting in Euclidean 3D space

Over a century ago Pearson solved the problem of fitting lines in 2D space to points with noisy coordinates in both dimensions. Surprisingly, however, the case of fitting lines in 3D space has seen little attention, though Adcock long ago published a brief (one page) article claiming that the solution that minimized orthogonal distances is the most probable. We solve this problem using a new algorithm for the Total Least-Squares (TLS) solution within an Errors-In-Variables Model, respectively an equivalent nonlinear Gauss-Helmert Model. Following Roberts, only four parameters are estimated, thereby avoiding over-parametrization that may lead to unnecessary singularities and, hence, require the introduction of constraints to the model. The current pervasiveness of Global Navigation Satellite Systems, robotic total stations, and digital laser scanners as sources of geodetic observations means that geodetic engineers and scientists now commonly work with observational models in 3D space as opposed to classical geodetic methods that often separated horizontal and vertical observational models. And while several papers have been written describing a TLS solution for line fitting problems in 2D space, the extension to 3D space is not readily apparent from these works. This further motivates the treatment of the 3D problem in some detail in this contribution.
Physiological properties of ATP-activated cation channels in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells

Endothelial cells mediate the actions of a variety of vasoactive substances, including ATP. ATP vasodilatatory actions have been shown to depend on a calcium-dependent release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) (EDRF). ATP induced a vasodilatation of pial penetrating microvessels when applied intraluminally; these relaxations were mediated by the endothelium and followed release of nitric oxide (NO), since they were sensitive to blockade of NO-synthesizing enzymes by NG-nitro-L-arginine (1 mM) and NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine (0.1 mM). We have also investigated the electrophysiological actions of extracellular ATP on rat brain microvascular (RBMEC) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) using the patch-clamp technique. While BAEC were hyperpolarized by ATP (10 microM), ATP caused the activation of a depolarizing nonselective cation current in brain endothelial cells. NO production measurements by [3H]citrulline assay and by direct amperometric determination also revealed that after exposure to 1-100 microM ATP, RBMEC released NO. NO release from RBMEC was abolished by removal of external calcium. We conclude that, in the brain, ATP exerts its vasoactive roles by altering the electrophysiological properties of endothelial cells by acting on receptor-operated ion channels, thus providing a mechanism for calcium entry and subsequent release of EDRF.
lac repressor—Operator interaction: II. Effect of galactosides and other ligands

Abstract A membrane filter technique was used to study the effect of galactosides and other low molecular weight compounds on the interaction of purified lac repressor and lac operator. Compounds that function in vivo as inducers of the lac operon are found to inhibit repressor-operator binding in vitro. Compounds that prevent induction in vivo are found to counteract the effect of inducers in vitro. The order of effectiveness of these compounds is the same in vitro as in vivo and agrees with their affinity for the lac repressor. Glucose interacts with the lac repressor and behaves as a weak anti-inducer. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate was found to have no effect on repressor-operator binding. The effect of galactosides on the rate of dissociation of repressor-operator complexes was also studied. The rate of dissociation was found to be increased by an inducer, isopropyl-β- d -thiogalactoside, and decreased by an anti-inducer, o-nitrophenyl-β- d -fucoside. This result has implications both in regard to allosteric models for conformational changes in proteins and in regard to the interpretation of both in vivo and in vitro induction curves.
Partial dominance of lambdacIIa mutants

A special class of lambda cII mutants, calledcIIa mutants, had previously been reported not to complement λcIII mutants. In this communication it is shown that this apparent lack of complementation is caused by a partial dominance of λcIIa mutants in co-infections with λcII+ strains. The existence of λcIIa mutants therefore cannot be taken as evidence for an oligomeric complex between the λcII and λ cIII proteins.
Scholarly communication in flux: Entrenchment and opportunity

Summary Science and technology librarians know from direct experience about escalating journal prices, restrictive license agreements, and the commercialization of scholarly publishing. While digital technologies offer exciting new opportunities for rapid, broad dissemination of scholarship, the scale of the scholarly communication system as a whole makes change slow and difficult. This paper cites the varied stakes of faculty, publishers, and librarians as partial explanation for this entrenchment. Despite some resistance, significant national and international initiatives do present a variety of new possibilities for the culture and technology of scholarly communication. This paper suggests several activities for librarians to help effect change at the local level. It also recommends creation of an Access Impact rating scale to assess the effect of copyright transfer agreements on the availability of scholarship.
Nutrition miniposters for the urban elderly

The first three posters of a nutrition education series now grace the kitchen cabinets and refrigerator doors of many of Chicago's senior citizens. The colorful posters are designed to fold into 11" x 4\4" self-mailers for ease of distribution. Each piece addresses a nutritional concern common to the elderly, especially those living in an urban environment. The mini posters are appropriate for individuals from a variety of ethnic, socio-economic, and cultural backgrounds. The language is nontechnical, the graphics are bold, a~d the large print is easy to read. The designs not only attract attention, but also help convey the message. Our goal is to help seniors make food choices that contribute to their health and well-being. We want to promote a positive approach to meeting the challenges of growing older. We hope that the elderly, balding, and bespectacled nude male "pinup" will bring a smile to faces of grannies as they read about changing nutritional needs on the mini poster entitled "Growing Older But Still Growing." A bright green and orange gameboard format, suggesting supermarket aisles, invites seniors to play "The Supermarket Game" and learn a strategy for choosing economical, nutritious foods. "The Emergency Food Pantry" helps senior citizens avoid food emergencies. We designed a basket of shelf-stable, economical foods that they (or their friends or relatives) could purchase and keep in case unexpected bad weather or illness prevents seniors from leaving home. This poster was included in the recent report of a taskforce charged with finding ways for city agencies to provide services during extreme weather conditions. The mini poster series is distributed by the City of Chicago's Office for Senior Citizens and Handicapped. They are a part of the agency's nutrition education program for the 5,000 participants in the congregate dining program and 1,100 homedelivered meals recipients. The miniposters make ideal handouts at senior centers, local fairs, and community events where they help create public awareness of GemNo.I3
Efficacy of slow-releasing and killing flies drug in cartoon tablets

Objective To observe the effect of slow-releasing and killing flies drug in cartoon tablets. Methods KT50 determination and sustained efficacy observation. Results Two cartoon tablets,the maintenance time of deltamethrin was longer than methomy and lasted for 30 days.Conclusion The cartoon tablets of slow-releasing and killing flies drug was a new type of fly insecticide with following advantages: new formulations,environmental pollution-free,safe and convenient for use.
Facility Characteristics and Risk of Developing Pressure Ulcers in US Nursing Homes.

Abstract This research studied 12,507 residents in 1174 nursing homes from the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to predict risk-adjusted probabilities of pressure ulcers with 4 stages. A medical director or a director of nursing on board reduced the odds of ulcers. Facilities offering clusters of beds for rehabilitation and special care programs for hospice care or behavior problems reduced the odds of stage IV ulcers.
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF PERITONEAL DIALYSATE EOSINOPHILIA

Dialysate eosinophilia was noted in three patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. In all cases, this eosinophilia was asymptomatic, and the process resolved spontaneously after two to seven weeks....
Successful treatment of chronic venous ulcers with a 1, 320-nm endovenous laser combined with other minimally invasive venous procedures

BACKGROUND Venous ulcers are very common with few curative treatment options. OBJECTIVE To report the closure rate and clinical characteristics of active venous ulcers in a vein clinic using endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) with a 1,320-nm laser. METHODS AND MATERIALS A prospective database was kept consisting of patients with an active venous ulcer at the time of consultation in a single-practitioner academic vein clinic from March 2007 to May 2014. A database was maintained and charts were reviewed with attention to the length of time the patient reported having the ulcer, procedures performed, and time to ulcer healing. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were identified at consultation with venous ulceration. One patient's ulcer was healed with conservative medical management before receiving treatment. The remaining 30 patients were treated with a combination of EVLA of the great and/or short saphenous veins, foam sclerotherapy of insufficient varicose and reticular veins, and phlebectomy as appropriate. Two patients were lost to follow up after partial treatment. Ulcer healing occurred in more than 93% (27/29) of patients with a median healing time of 55 days from the time of first treatment. The median follow-up time after treatment was 448 days. CONCLUSION Endovenous laser ablation with a 1,320-nm laser in combination with foam sclerotherapy and phlebectomy as appropriate is effective treatment of chronic venous ulcers and should be considered as a treatment option for patients with C6 venous insufficiency. To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest, prospective series of chronic venous ulcers treated with EVLA. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Hygrothermal Viscoelastic Response

While the effects of moisture on the mechanical response of materials as different as wool and wood were recognized for a long time, their incorporation within the theory of viscoelasticity was not implemented until the 1970s.
Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus

The Murray Valley encephalitis virus belongs to the Togaviridae family and causes a disease similar to Japanese encephalitis in man, but domestic animals show no clinical response. Man, horses, cattle, dogs, foxes, marsupials, and wild and domestic fowl are the hosts to Murray Valley encephalitis. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes. Only New Guinea, Australia, and certain other South Pacific Islands have reported this disease. There is evidence to suggest that birds periodically bring the virus down from New Guinea and/or Northern Territories into Southern Australia. A disease known as Australian X was first described in Southern Australia in 1917. Following the periodic epidemics, the virus was isolated in 1951 and identified as an arbovirus in 1955. It was isolated from wild-caught mosquitoes in 1963. A recent report deals with the vector competence for different mosquitoes. This chapter highlights some techniques for the diagnosis of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus. Hemagglutination-inhibition, complement fixation, and virus neutralization are some of the tests that diagnose the disease.
Surface-wave dispersion in Byrd Land, Antarctica

Abstract Assuming constant density and Poisson9s ratio of 0.25, theoretical surface-wave dispersion has been computed for the Byrd Land area in Antarctica, where the velocity increases monotonically with depth. Comparison with observed dispersion indicates 8 to 10 per cent anisotropy in the ice cap. Such anisotropy was also detected from ultrasonic velocity measurements on snow cores.
Solidarity Through the Visual: Healing Images in the Brussels Terrorism Attacks

This study applies a semiotic lens to argue that news media are not only conveyors of images of terrorism but, through a combination of photographs, editorial cartoons, and anchoring texts, have the potential to serve as facilitators of healing and solidarity in both the local and the global media arena. This anchoring function is essential for audience decoding—especially in the global—because many photographs and cartoons are culturally bound and therefore not readily accessible to the broader audience. Through the information they provide, written texts help to anchor meanings of the visual texts, conveying a sense of solidarity against terrorism.
Caregiving Stress and Its Toll on Health From a Psychoneuroimmunological Perspective

The purpose of this review was to discuss the psychological and physiological effects of caregiving stress in the general population as well as among cancer caregivers. Although caregiving for a loved one with cancer may be shorter in duration (i.e., number of months), it is often more intense (i.e., number hours per day) than caring for individuals with other chronic illnesses because cancer treatment has shifted toward outpatient therapy and placed a significant burden of informal caregiving on families, especially spouses/partners. Informal caregiving psychologically and physiologically taxes the caregiver and may negatively influence the caregiver’s health and well-being, regardless of chronic disease population. Unique to breast cancer and other female cancer populations, males often find themselves in the caregiving role. In addition, a paucity of research examining the role of caregiving among the cancer survivorship population exists, despite it being a very real possibility that survivors may find themselves in this position, given advancements in cancer treatment.
Metal–Ligand Complexation through Redox Assembly at Surfaces Characterized by Vibrational Spectroscopy

The formation of metal–organic complexes on metal surfaces is a research topic of high interest to develop tunable functional surfaces. One such focus of this research is the formation of single site metal centers that have uniform ligand environments and thus uniform chemistry. We report the complexation of Pt and Ag with the ligand dipyridyl-tetrazine (DPTZ) on Ag(111) and of Pt with DPTZ on the reconstructed Au(100) surface. Each metal atom binds two DPTZ molecules resulting in one-dimensional supramolecular chains across the surface. Pt complexation occurs immediately after Pt deposition at room temperature on either surface. This complexation is improved with annealing to 170 °C on Au(100). DPTZ forms complexes with Ag atoms from the Ag(111) substrate when annealed to 110 °C. No similar complexation with substrate atoms is seen on Au(100). This metal–organic complexation with substrate atoms on Ag(111) takes place even when the DPTZ is already complexed to Pt, demonstrating a Pt replacement reaction ...
Toward Poetics of Authenticity. The Hope Factory and the New Wave of Russian Women Filmmakers. A Conversation with Natalia Meshchaninova

Natal’ja Mescaninova ist eine prominente Vertreterin der neuen Welle von weiblichen Filmemacherinnen, die sich seit 2010 in Russland entwickelt. Die Mikropolitiken von Geschlecht und Standort erkundend, erobert diese neue Generation von Regisseurinnen Authentizitat als essentielle Qualitat ihrer Reprasentation. Das Gesprach mit Mescaninova dreht sich um ihr Spielfilmdebut Kombinat “Nadežda” / Kombinat “Hoffnung” (Kombinat Nadežda , 2014), filmische Autorschaft, ein Interesse fur Formen, die sich zwischen Dokumentarfilm und Fiktion bewegen, Zeit im Dokumentarfilm, das Konzept der Authentizitat und ihre Manifestation in Sprache, Kameraarbeit, Regiefuhrung von Schauspielern und der Wahl des Drehortes. Dieses Interview, das im Marz 2016 an der Universitat Yale, wahrend des Besuchs von Mescaninova und der Drehbuchautorin Ljubov’ Mul’menko stattfand, wurde ursprunglich auf Russisch gefuhrt.
Receptor heterogeneity in optical biosensors.

Scientists measure rate constants associated with biochemical reactions in an optical biosensor—an instrument in which ligand molecules are convected through a flow cell over a surface to which receptors are immobilized. We quantify transport effects on such reactions by modeling the associated convection-diffusion equation with a reaction boundary condition. In experimental situations, the full PDE model reduces to a set of unwieldy integrodifferential equations (IDEs). Employing common physical assumptions, we may reduce the system to an ODE model, which is more useful in practice, and which can be easily adapted to the inverse problem of finding rate constants. The results from the ODE model compare favorably with numerical simulations of the IDEs, even outside its range of validity.
Physical Models of Perfect Quasicrystal Growth

In this summary I will briefly review our previous work, and the work of others, on the problem of growing quaslcrystals, and in particular a Penrose tiling, according to “physical” rules, i.e., ones involving one-by-one addition of tiles to a growing cluster. I will then show some of our new work on the properties of defects in these growth algorithms.
Design Space Exploration for Selector Diode-STTRAM Crossbar Arrays

We report a simulation-based study to understand the integration potential of selector diode (SD) with spin-transfer torque random access memory (STTRAM). SD based on metal–insulator–insulator–metal diode is considered due to features such as high-speed operation, ability to engineer dielectric interfaces and electrode barriers for low $V_{T}$ and bidirectional switching, and immunity to the temperature (due to its tunnel-based conduction). The intended asymmetry in diode $I$ – $V$ behavior provides better sense margin for larger arrays. We describe design challenges and propose device-circuit co-optimization and novel techniques, e.g., write voltage biasing and series/parallel connected SD for robustness and retention. This is the first effort toward solving the design challenges to enable diode-STTRAM crossbar. The proposed structure can enable 3-D stacking of magnetic tunnel junction for densities beyond 4F2.
Does stereotactic body radiation therapy have a role in oligoprogressive metastatic colorectal cancer

755Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing systemic therapy may enter an oligoprogressive state. Traditionally, local ablative therapy (LAT) has been limited to symptom pa...
Random Processes for Engineers: A Primer

This book offers an intuitive approach to random processes and educates the reader on how to interpret and predict their behavior. Premised on the idea that new techniques are best introduced by specific, low-dimensional examples, the mathematical exposition is easier to comprehend and more enjoyable, and it motivates the subsequent generalizations. It distinguishes between the science of extracting statistical information from raw data--e.g., a time series about which nothing is known a priori--and that of analyzing specific statistical models, such as Bernoulli trials, Poisson queues, ARMA, and Markov processes. The former motivates the concepts of statistical spectral analysis (such as the Wiener-Khintchine theory), and the latter applies and interprets them in specific physical contexts. The formidable Kalman filter is introduced in a simple scalar context, where its basic strategy is transparent, and gradually extended to the full-blown iterative matrix form.
The moral logic of political violence

There is a moral logic to reasoning about political violence. People will often fight not for individual or collective material gain, but because of their commitment to abstract moral and sacred ideas. Moreover, decisions to support or oppose war are descriptively deontological and are relatively insensitive to material costs or benefits.
The Sociology of Global Health: A Literature Review

Over the past two decades, a sociology of global health has emerged. While this new subfield takes up some themes and issues that are familiar to the discipline as a whole—among them organizations, social movements, and the social construction of illness—it has also posed new questions and opened new research pathways by formulating and testing theory in environments radically different from the United States. This work has forced sociologists to confront the ethnocentrism of research paradigms that are grounded in the American experience and to consider classical assumptions and constructs in fruitful new ways. Notable recent literature reviews have taken up the issue of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, comparative healthcare systems, and the sociology of development. However, this review is the first to outline the contours of a coherent sociology of global health. It addresses several questions: What issues are being taken up in this emergent subfield? What added value comes from turning scholarly attention beyond our borders? And what new research agendas lie on the horizon?
Accelerated Recovery of DC Blocking Using Repolarization

Direct current (DC) can be applied to a nerve to generate a complete nerve block. However, using conventional platinum electrodes, reactions occur at the nerve interface causing damage to the nerve. The electrode can be separated from the nerve using a biocompatible, ionically conducting medium, which isolates the damaging reactions in a vessel away from the nerve. This electrode has previously been referred to as the Separated Interface Nerve Electrode (SINE). Recent experiments have shown that when a complete block is applied, for a prolonged period of time, there is a delay in the recovery of the response. For many applications it would be advantageous to have instantaneous recovery. To achieve this, the SINE electrode was used to provide a complete, instantaneous nerve block at the block threshold for 10 minutes and then the current was reversed for selected time periods to determine if instantaneous recovery could be achieved. Depending on the length of time of the repolarization, the amount of time for recovery can be reduced by as much as 50%.
Implementer learning in developmental evaluation: A cultural historical activity theory and expansive learning analysis:

Cultural historical activity and expansive learning theories were employed in a retrospective case study to investigate implementer learning and how knowledge is co-created in the early stage of an...
The dedicated “Lp(a) clinic”: A concept whose time has arrived?

Abstract The emergence of pathophysiological, epidemiologic, and genetic data strongly supports the causality for lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). In parallel, novel Lp(a) lowering approaches have been developed that have re-invigorated clinical interest in Lp(a). Because Lp(a) is the most prevalent monogenetic lipid disorder globally, with prevalence of Lp(a) > 50 mg/dL estimated at >1.4 billion people, the rationale for diagnosing and managing Lp(a)-mediated risk is now stronger than ever. Patients with elevated Lp(a) are significantly under-diagnosed and the diagnosis is frequently made ad hoc rather than systematically. Elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with atherothrombotic risk and patients present with varied clinical phenotypes, ranging from stroke in pediatric age groups, to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in young males, to CAVD in elderly individuals. A new clinical care paradigm of a dedicated “Lp(a) Clinic” would serve to evaluate and manage such patients who have elevated Lp(a) as the pathophysiological etiology. Such a clinic would include multidisciplinary expertise in lipid metabolism, clinical cardiology, vascular medicine, valvular disease, thrombosis, and pediatric aspects of clinical care. This viewpoint argues for the rationale of an Lp(a) outpatient clinic where patients with elevated Lp(a) and their affected relatives can be referred, evaluated, managed and followed, to ultimately reduce Lp(a)-mediated CVD and CAVD risk.
53 – Oxidative Processes

Publisher Summary Although there are many types of free radicals, research in biologic systems has focused largely on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). They play critical roles in normal physiology and the pathophysiology of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Multiple modes for the production of ROS and RNS exist, and they can have diverse effects on cellular macromolecules. Numerous mechanisms have evolved by which cells defend themselves from these reactive species and their toxic consequences. Although complex, these offer multiple potentially therapeutic targets to intervene in the initiation and progression of these common diseases. Unlike lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage to DNA is not self-propagating and is not thought to release cytotoxic effectors. One study of urinary concentrations of 8- hydroxyguanine and thymine glycol estimated that approximately 20,000 bases in DNA per cell per day are damaged by ROS. In addition to direct attack by ROS, reactive products of lipid peroxidation chemically modify DNA to form a variety of species.
Exploring the use of curbside consultations for interprofessional collaboration and clinical decision-making

Nurse practitioners utilize curbside consultation, an interprofessional collaboration communication process in which one clinician seeks advice from another, in clinical decision-making practices. Nevertheless, this process is not well-understood. A qualitative design with individual open-ended interviews was used to explore the phenomenon of curbside consultation among nurse practitioners for clinical decision-making. Twenty primary care and specialty nurse practitioners participated. Participants were recruited via purposive sampling from in-patient and out-patient settings in order to reach saturation of themes. Using inductive content analyses, the findings revealed that nurse practitioners made multiple decisions in the course of information-seeking and its application during the curbside consultation process. Motivated by the patient's best interest, nurse practitioners provided advice in the curbside consultation exchange and sought answers to questions encountered in clinical decision-making. Multiple resources were often utilized with curbside consultation frequently evolving into formal consultation. Dynamics of curbside consultation included (a)synchronous approaches including text, e-mail, telephone, or face-to-face processes. Once information was received, nurse practitioners decided whether they (dis)agreed with advice and if validation was necessary. Nurse practitioners utilized curbside consultation for clinical decision-making and means for interprofessional collaboration, thereby increasing clinical competency and promoting quality patient outcomes. Implications of curbside consultation for education and practice require further exploration to enhance outcomes of curbside consultation processes.
Single-shot Digital Phase-shifting Moiré Pattern for 3D Metallic Surface Imaging

A four-step digital phase-shifting method using Moire patterns and single shot recording is proposed and conducted to map submillimeter-scale 3D surface features.
Association Between Patient Frailty and Postoperative Mortality Across Multiple Noncardiac Surgical Specialties.

Importance Frailty is an important risk factor for postoperative mortality. Whether the association between frailty and mortality is consistent across all surgical specialties, especially those predominantly performing lower stress procedures, remains unknown. Objective To examine the association between frailty and postoperative mortality across surgical specialties. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort study was conducted across 9 noncardiac specialties in hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2014, using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between frailty and postoperative mortality. Data analysis was conducted from September 15, 2019, to April 30, 2020. Patients 18 years or older undergoing noncardiac procedures were included. Exposures Risk Analysis Index measuring preoperative frailty categorized patients as robust (Risk Analysis Index ≤20), normal (21-29), frail (30-39), or very frail (≥40). Operative Stress Score (OSS) categorized procedures as low (1-2), moderate (3), and high (4-5) stress. Specialties were categorized by case-mix as predominantly low intensity (>75% OSS 1-2), moderate intensity (50%-75%), or high intensity ( Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day (both measures) and 180-day (VASQIP only) postoperative mortality. Results Of the patients evaluated in NSQIP (n = 2 339 031), 1 309 795 were women (56.0%) and mean (SD) age was 56.49 (16.4) years. Of the patients evaluated in VASQIP (n = 426 578), 395 761 (92.78%) were men and mean (SD) age was 61.1 (12.9) years. Overall, 30-day mortality was 1.2% in NSQIP and 1.0% in VASQIP, and 180-day mortality in VASQIP was 3.4%. Frailty and OSS distributions differed substantially across the 9 specialties. Patterns of 30-day mortality for frail and very frail patients were similar in NSQIP and VASQIP for low-, moderate-, and high-intensity specialties. Frailty was a consistent, independent risk factor for 30- and 180-day mortality across all specialties. For example, in NSQIP, for plastic surgery, a low-intensity specialty, the odds of 30-day mortality in very frail (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 27.99; 95% CI, 14.67-53.39) and frail (aOR, 5.1; 95% CI, 3.03-8.58) patients were statistically significantly higher than for normal patients. This was also true in neurosurgery, a moderate-intensity specialty, for very frail (aOR, 9.8; 95% CI, 7.68-12.50) and frail (aOR, 4.18; 95% CI, 3.58-4.89) patients and in vascular surgery, a high-intensity specialty, for very frail (aOR, 10.85; 95% CI, 9.83-11.96) and frail (aOR, 3.42; 95% CI, 3.19-3.67) patients. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, frailty was associated with postoperative mortality across all noncardiac surgical specialties regardless of case-mix. Preoperative frailty assessment could be implemented across all specialties to facilitate risk stratification and shared decision-making.
Postoperative Recurrent Cholesteatoma in Rural Versus Urban Populations.

Objective Chronic ear disease presents a unique challenge to otolaryngologists in both rural and urban settings. Cholesteatoma remains a difficult disease to treat in rural populations due to limited healthcare access and high risk of recurrence. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in surgical outcomes among patients with acquired cholesteatoma residing in rural versus urban settings. Study design Single-surgeon retrospective case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care private otolaryngology practice. Patients One hundred twenty-two patients presenting to the Kentuckiana ENT otology and neurotology practice from January 2011 to May 2017. Main outcome measures Surgical outcomes including recurrence, air-bone gap improvement, ossicular integrity, and complications were reviewed and compared between the rural and urban cohorts. Results Presence of postoperative residual cholesteatoma (OR = 8.667, 95% CI = 2.022-37.141, p = 0.008) and number of surgeries per patient (OR = 5.185, 95% CI = 1.086-24.763, p = 0.024) were significantly increased among patients in rural nonmetropolitan areas. No significant differences were found when comparing risk of recurrence, size of cholesteatoma, presence of complications, air-bone gap improvement, and ossicular chain integrity. There were significantly more second-look surgeries performed in privately insured patients (OR = 8.582, 95% CI = 1.937-38.017, p = 0.001). Conclusions Patients in rural communities have an increased number of surgeries and postoperative risk for residual cholesteatoma compared to patients residing in urban settings. This study provides the basis for larger, multicenter, prospective examinations of outcomes among urban versus rural patients, which would enable a better understanding of difference in surgical outcomes between rural and urban cohorts.Level of Evidence: IV.