cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myth and Reality: The ERA and the Gender Gap in the 1980 Election

Attitudes toward the Equal Rights Amendment were not an important factor in the emergence of the "gender gap" in the 1980 presidential election. Conclusions to the contrary by news analysts, feminist political activists, and political scientists are based on a combination of the power of expectation, faulty analysis, and random bias in the most frequently used survey in political science. Jane J. Mansbridge is Associate Professor of Political Science and Sociology, and Research Faculty at the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University. The author wishes to thank Gary Winters for computer work, and Ronald King, Steven Jackson, Fay Lomax Cook, and Christopher Jencks for comments on an earlier version of this paper, presented at the 1983 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association in Chicago. Kathleen Frankovic of CBS News was extremely helpful in providing CBS/New York Times data before they became widely available. The data analyzed herein were collected by the New York Times and CBS News and processed by the New York Times and CBS News under a grant from the Russell Sage Foundation; by Warren E. Miller and the National Election Studies of the Center for Political Studies at the University of Michigan; and by the National Opinion Research Center of the University of Chicago. The data were provided through the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research of the University of Michigan. The New York Times, CBS News, the CPS, NORC, and the ICPSR bear no responsibility for the analysis and interpretations presented here. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 49:164-178 (? by the Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc 0033-362X/85/0049-164/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.45 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 05:26:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE ERA AND THE GENDER GAP IN 1980 165 This survey almost certainly provides the best available data on the 1980 election. It was conducted among voters as they left the polls, not at some later date, and the sample (N = 15,201) was far larger than any other study.1 When voters were handed a questionnaire, the front side included the following qucstion: In the presidential election who did you just vote for? 1. Jimmy Carter 2. Ronald Reagan 3. John Anderson 4. Ed Clark 5. Barry Commoner 6. Didn't vote for President 7. Other On the back, the following question appeared: Please mark an "X" to show if you agree or disagree with each of the following statements: . . . I support the Equal Rights Amendment-ERA-the constitutional amendment concerning women. Of the unweighted sample of 15,201, 2452 did not answer the ERA question, but did answer one or more other questions on the back of the questionnaire. These responses have been coded "don't know." Another 975 respondents did not answer any questions on the back of the questionnaire. These respondents seemingly did not turn the questionnaire over and have been eliminated from the analysis.
Fatal autoimmunity results from the conditional deletion of Snai2 and Snai3 (BA4P.121)

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression is a key component of orchestrating proper immune cell development and function. One strategy for maintaining these transcriptional programs has been the evolution of transcription factor families with members possessing overlapping functions. Using the germ line deletion of Snai2 combined with the hematopoietic specific deletion of Snai3 , we report that these factors function redundantly to preserve the development of B and T cells. Such animals display severe lymphopenia, alopecia and dermatitis as well as profound autoimmunity manifested by the production of high levels of autoantibodies as early as three weeks of age followed by death within 30 days of birth. Autoantibodies included both IgM and IgG isotypes and were reactive against cytoplasmic and membranous components. A regulatory T cell defect contributed to the autoimmune response in that adoptive transfer of wild type regulatory T cells alleviated symptoms of autoimmunity. The results demonstrated that appropriate expression of Snai2 and Snai3 in cells of hematopoietic derivation plays an important role in development and maintenance of immune tolerance.
Boys Will Be Boys: Agonistic Graffiti from Iasos

In Iasos agonistic graffiti were inscribed on architectural elements (columns) of the city's gymnasia as well as on monuments commemorating the achievements of athletes and benefactors. Young athletes and trainees at the gymnasia inscribed victory acclamations for themselves or small groups, possibly their fellow training partners. At times, agonistic graffiti were inscribed on memorials of the Hellenistic era that were refurbished in the early Roman imperial period to commemorate contemporary luminaries. I argue that by inscribing their names and victory acclamations on the memorials of gymnasion benefactors and top-level athletes, young athletes from Iasos embedded themselves into a dominant social script that promoted athletic success and euergetism as preeminent components of elite Hellenic status. Furthermore, graffiti authors contributed into the process of negotiating and re-shaping the commemorative and civic landscape of Iasos.
Job satisfaction and the educated entrepreneur

AbstractThe job satisfaction literature finds evidence that self-employed workers are more satisfied than their wage and salary counterparts. However, self-employed individuals are a widely heterogeneous group of workers. Using data from the National Survey of College Graduates, this paper explores the job satisfaction gap among educated workers – individuals with at least a bachelor's degree. Consistent with the literature, this paper finds a statistically significant, yet modest premium in satisfaction for educated entrepreneurs compared to educated wage and salary workers. This finding varies by occupation, although many occupations, constituting a quarter of the sample, have no satisfaction differential by employment sector. Satisfaction gaps differ by gender, but not by level or conditional earnings. Satisfaction gaps with nine job-specific traits are also estimated. These findings support the encouragement of entrepreneurship by government and private sectors, as well as imparting autonomy and entre...
Multiple-Pass Ring Amplifier for Feedback-Free Amplification of Short Pulses with High Gain and Energy Extraction Efficiency

An Nd:YAG triple-pass ring amplifier was developed to amplify low power picosecond pulses to high energy. The unique design eliminated optics coupled parasitic oscillations. The amplifier had a small signal gain in excess of 8x103 and was used in conjunction with a low power, Q-switched, actively mode-locked oscillator and an electro-optic switch-out system to amplify single 0.7 mJ pulses of 500 psec duration to an energy of 400 mJ in an approximately 2 times diffraction limited pulse. This pulse was then frequency doubled in a KD*P type II crystal with 42% net energy conversion efficiency. The output pulse was synchronized to an externa1 master trigger with a jitter of +/- 6 nsec and used as a long delay (> 500 nsec delay) probe beam for diagnosing laser produced plasmas produced with the Pharos III laser.
Symptom Identification in the Chronically Critically Ill

Ascertaining the symptom experience of chronically critically ill (CCI) patients is difficult because of communication impairment and fluctuations in patient cognition and physiologic conditions. The use of checklist self-report ratings is hampered by the inability of most CCI patients to respond verbally to symptom queries. In addition to the communication problems caused by mechanical ventilation, the apparently diverse idioms of symptom expression add to the potential for miscommunication regarding symptom experience. Although patient communication impairment is a major barrier to symptom identification, symptom assessment and treatment are fundamental components of nursing care for CCI. This article reviews and describes the unique constellation of symptoms experienced by many critically ill patients. We report our observations of symptom communication among CCI patients and nurses and discuss inconsistency in the language of symptom expression among nurses and patients. Clinically applicable strategies to improve nurse-patient symptom communication and suggestions for refinement of symptom assessment in chronic critical illness are provided.
The Impact of Israel Experience Programs on Israel's Symbolic Meaning*

Since the early 1950s, hundreds of thousands of Jewish adolescents and young adults from around the world have spent several weeks of their summer or winter vacations traveling to Israel in the company of their peers.' These communally sponsored educational pilgrimage-tours, now called "Israel experience programs," have been objects of research from the 1960s onward. The bulk of this research has been evaluative and has rarely taken an interest in the phenomenon's meaning in American Jewish life.2 Perhaps with the passage of time, Israel experience programs will become subjects of interest to historians of American Jewry, who likely will view them as an important element of late-20th century American Jewish youth culture. In institutional terms, they will be seen as a breeding ground where many of the community's professional leaders met and were socialized into a common culture, and as an arena in which the rising power of private foundations was especially manifest. Viewed as a feature of the relationship between Israel and the Jewish communities of North America, the travel programs will be seen as an instrument for making Israel a salient symbol to American Jews. Writings on American Jewry's conceptions of Israel have focused on the ideologies embodied in works of culture, in formal institutions, and among organizational elites. Studies of wider segments of the American Jewish population have viewed the meanings associated with Israel as accomplished facts. In contrast to both these approaches, the ethnographic study of Israel experience programs reveals processes by which Israel becomes cognitively and affectively meaningful to American Jews. On these programs, the ideologies of sponsoring organizations confront the not-necessarily-normative meanings that emerge among participants. Observers of these trips often have noted that the experience of the group and the experience of Israel intermingle. This has led some to question whether an encounter with the realities of Israel ultimately is possible in such a setting. The question has been a source of persistent controversy, especially as the programs are intended to socialize youth into normative patterns of thought, feeling and behavior. I will argue here that the conceptions of Israel typically produced by these pilgrimage tours can be understood in terms of Durkheim's
Effects of Human Anterior Pituitary Gland on Sex Organs and Thyroid of the Guinea Pig.

ConclusionThe human anterior pituitary exerts about the same effects in the guinea pig as the anterior pituitary glands of rabbit and rat and it differs markedly in its effects from the anterior pit-uitaries of cattle, hog and sheep. This is true especially as far as the effects on ovaries and secondary sex organs are concerned both types of anterior pituitaries produce a stimulation of thyroid and adrenal glands. Injection of extracts of human anterior pituitaries act in about the same way as implantations of pieces of gland tissue.
Similarities between postheparin lipase and postheparin phospholipase.

SummaryMany of the properties of the so-called postheparin plasma phospholipase were found to be similar to those of postheparin plasma lipase. Dissimilarities were mainly in the effects of various cations, suggesting that the differences observed were due to the electrolytic effects on the substrate micelles rather than differences in enzyme species. The site of attack by postheparin plasma on the α'-C of the phospholipid molecule was confirmed with synthetic phospholipids. The similar properties of the two enzymic activities and the inability to separate the two enzyme species physically suggest that a single enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing both glyceride and phospholipid molecules. That this enzyme is a lipase and not a phospholipase is indicated by the preferential attack on the α'-C of the phospholipid molecule and by the heat lability of the enzyme.
Trends in Opioid Analgesic Use in Encounters Involving Physician Trainees in U.S. Emergency Departments

Background. Opioid analgesic use has increased dramatically in emergency departments (EDs), but the relative contribution of physician trainees has not been explored. We assessed trends in opioid utilization focusing on ED encounters where a physician trainee was involved. Methods. We studied ED visits from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2001–2011. Adult ED visits in which an opioid was administered in the ED or prescribed at discharge were stratified by whether or not there was trainee involvement. Trends in use over time for five common opioids (codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone) were tested using survey-weighted logistic regression. Results. From 2001–02 to 2009–11, the proportion of ED visits where an opioid analgesic was used increased 31.5% from 21.9% (95% CI: 20.3–23.6) of visits to 28.8% (95% CI: 27.5–30.1). Trainee involvement in ED visits was stable, with 9.3% (95% CI: 7.7–11.3) seen by a trainee in 2001–02 vs. 10.2% (95% CI: 8.1–12.7) in 2010-11. Opioid use in visits with trainee involvement did not change significantly over time relative to visits without a trainee (increase of 36.8% compared to 31.2% without trainees, P = 0.652). Trends in opioid utilization for trainee visits paralleled non-trainee visits. Hydromorphone had the greatest relative increase in use for all providers. Adjusted for patient- and hospital-level factors, the probability of receiving opioids when a trainee was involved increased to a greater extent than among non-trainee visits (30.9% vs. 24.0%). Conclusion. Opioid utilization patterns for visits involving trainees reflect similar trends in attending practice, and highlights the more liberal opioid prescribing climate over time.
Low Energy Sketching Engines on Many-Core Platform for Big Data Acceleration

Almost 90% of the data available today was created within the last couple of years, thus Big Data set processing is of utmost importance. Many solutions have been investigated to increase processing speed and memory capacity, however I/O bottleneck is still a critical issue. To tackle this issue we adopt Sketching technique to reduce data communications. Reconstruction of the sketched matrix is performed using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). Additionally we propose Gradient Descent OMP (GD-OMP) algorithm to reduce hardware complexity. Big data processing at real-time imposes rigid constraints on sketching kernel, hence to further reduce hardware overhead both algorithms are implemented on a low power domain specific many-core platform called Power Efficient Nano Clusters (PENC). GD-OMP algorithm is evaluated for image reconstruction accuracy and the PENC many-core architecture. Implementation results show that for large matrix sizes GD-OMP algorithm is 1.3× faster and consumes 1.4× less energy than OMP algorithm implementations. Compared to GPU and Quad-Core CPU implementations the PENC many-core reconstructs 5.4× and 9.8× faster respectively for large signal sizes with higher sparsity.
Chorionepithelioma: An unusual case in which cerebral metastasis occurred four years after hysterectomy

Abstract A case of chorionepithelioma is presented in which a latent period of four years had elapsed between the removal of the primary tumor and the development of clinical metastasis. The date of inception of the disease was established by the time of a previous hysterectomy. Pathologic proof of cerebral metastasis was furnished by examination of the lesion at biopsy. Urine collected shortly after craniotomy gave a negative reaction to the Friedman test.
Parallel Implementation on the ICAP/3090 of a Boundary Element Method Formulation for Fractional Operator Modeled Viscoelastodynamic Structures

A formulation of the boundary element method (BEM) for dynamic analysis of 3-D viscoelastic structures modeled by the fractional operator constitutive equations is reviewed. Then, the parallel numerical implementation of the BEM formulation on a. large grain parallel system, the ICAP/3090, is discussed.
The Impersonae of the Real

I have suggested that the Gods of the monotheistic traditions are personae formed jointly by the presence of the Real to human consciousness and by that consciousness itself as it has been variously shaped by the different theistic cultures of the earth. Thus Vishnu and Shiva, Adonai, the heavenly Father and Allah are each the Real as thought-and-experienced from within a particular stream of religious life. Does this extended Kantian model of a noumenal reality that is phenomenally perceived in different ways by different mentalities also apply to the non-personal ultimates upon which some of the eastern traditions are focused: the Brahman of advaita Vedanta, the Nirvana, Dharmakaya, Sunyata, Tathata of the Buddhist traditions, the Tao of Chinese religion?
Treatment Response Assessment in Metastatic Prostate Cancer with 18F-NaF PET/CT

69 Objectives Quantitative evaluation of therapy effect on metastatic bone lesions from prostate cancer can be challenging. We assessed the effect of treatment-induced changes in the semi-quantitative measures derived from 18F-NaF PET/CT in comparison to serum prostate specific antigen level (PSA) changes in this clinical setting. Methods 40 prostate cancer patients underwent pre- and post-treatment 18F NaF PET/CT scan. Serum PSA level and imaging parameters (SUVmax, CTHU) were collected. Response was assessed using operational Imaging and PSA based treatment response criteria. Percentage change in AVG of SUVmax of all lesions and MAX of SUMmax of all lesions for each patient was compared to changes in serum PSA. Patients were categorized as progressors (P) versus non-progressors (NP); responders (R) versus non-Responders (NP) and cross-tabulation was done comparing Imaging and PSA-based response criteria. Results R vs. NR: 26 of the 40 patients showed concordant response (65%). Of the 14 cases which were discordant: 7 were NR by imaging but R by PSA with 6 cases of change in treatment after the scan and 7 were R by imaging but NR by PSA with only 2 patient undergoing change in treatment after the scan. P vs. NP: 20 of the 40 patients showed concordant response (50%). Of the 20 cases which were discordant: 4 showed P by imaging but NP by PSA and all with change in treatment after the scan and 16 were NP by imaging but P by PSA with a change in treatment for only 3 patients. Conclusions 18FNaF PET/CT may have a competitive advantage over serum PSA for monitoring response to treatment in patients with osseous metastatic disease from prostate cancer.
Displacement rate and temperature equivalence in stochastic cluster dynamics simulations of irradiated pure α-Fe

Abstract Charged particle irradiation is a frequently used experimental tool to study damage accumulation in metals expected during neutron irradiation. Understanding the correspondence between displacement rate and temperature during such studies is one of several factors that must be taken into account in order to design experiments that produce equivalent damage accumulation to neutron damage conditions. In this study, spatially resolved stochastic cluster dynamics (SRSCD) is used to simulate damage evolution in α -Fe and find displacement rate/temperature pairs under ‘target’ and ‘proxy’ conditions for which the local distribution of vacancies and vacancy clusters is the same as a function of displacement damage. The SRSCD methodology is chosen for this study due to its computational efficiency and ability to simulate damage accumulation in spatially inhomogeneous materials such as thin films. Results are presented for Frenkel pair irradiation and displacement cascade damage in thin films and bulk α -Fe. Holding all other material and irradiation conditions constant, temperature adjustments are shown to successfully make up for changes in displacement rate such that defect concentrations and cluster sizes remain relatively constant. The methodology presented in this study allows for a first-order prediction of the temperature at which ion irradiation experiments (‘proxy’ conditions) should take place in order to approximate neutron irradiation (‘target’ conditions).
Evaluation of climate modeling factors impacting the variance of streamflow

Abstract The present contribution quantifies the relative importance of climate modeling factors and chosen response variables upon controlling the variance of streamflow forecasted with global climate model (GCM) projections, which has not been attempted in previous literature to our knowledge. We designed an experiment that varied climate modeling factors, including GCM type, project phase, emission scenario, downscaling method, and bias correction. The streamflow response variable was also varied and included forecasted streamflow and difference in forecast and hindcast streamflow predictions. GCM results and the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were used to predict streamflow for a wet, temperate watershed in central Kentucky USA. After calibrating the streamflow model, 112 climate realizations were simulated within the streamflow model and then analyzed on a monthly basis using analysis of variance. Analysis of variance results indicate that the difference in forecast and hindcast streamflow predictions is a function of GCM type, climate model project phase, and downscaling approach. The prediction of forecasted streamflow is a function of GCM type, project phase, downscaling method, emission scenario, and bias correction method. The results indicate the relative importance of the five climate modeling factors when designing streamflow prediction ensembles and quantify the reduction in uncertainty associated with coupling the climate results with the hydrologic model when subtracting the hindcast simulations. Thereafter, analysis of streamflow prediction ensembles with different numbers of realizations show that use of all available realizations is unneeded for the study system, so long as the ensemble design is well balanced. After accounting for the factors controlling streamflow variance, results show that predicted average monthly change in streamflow tends to follow precipitation changes and result in a net increase in the average annual precipitation and streamflow by 10% and 11%, respectively, for the wet, temperate watershed.
Characterizing operating system activity in SPECjvm98 Benchmarks

Complete system simulation to understand the influence of architecture and operating systems on application execution has been identified to be crucial for systems design. This problem is particularly interesting in the context of Java since it is not only the application that can invoke kernel services, but so does the underlying Java Virtual Machine (JVM) implementation which runs these programs. Further, the JVM style (JIT compiler or interpreter) and the manner in which the different JVM components (such as the garbage collector and class loader) are exercised, can have a significant impact on the kernel activities. To investigate these issues, this chapter uses complete system simulation of the SPECjvm98 benchmarks on the SimOS simulation platform. The execution of these benchmarks on both JIT compilers and interpreters is profiled in detail. The kernel activity of SPECjvm98 applications constitutes up to 17% of the execution time in the large dataset and up to 31% in the small dataset. Of the kernel services, TLB miss handling (utlb), file I/O system call (read) and page allocation routine (demand_zero) are the most dominant in all applications. In addition to such execution profiles, the ILP in the user and kernel mode are also quantified. The Java code is seen to limit exploitable parallelism and aggressive instruction issue is seen to be less efficient for SPECjvm98 benchmarks. Also, the kernel mode of execution does not exhibit as much ILP as the user mode.
Fiscal policy, business cycles and discretion: evidence from the Western Balkans

AbstractWhile previous research has examined the macroeconomic performance of the New Member States during the boom–bust cycle of the 2000s, very little has been written on the experience of the Western Balkans. In this article we investigate the responsiveness of fiscal policy to business cycles in the Western Balkans, examining whether expenditure moved counter-cyclically and whether a larger proportion of expenditure was ‘discretionary’; that is, related to the political cycle rather than economic conditions. Our results suggest that fiscal policy did not move counter-cyclically in the Western Balkans. Instead, countries overspent in the boom years and then reduced spending as a result of financing constraints during the crisis. Furthermore, the discretionary component of fiscal policy, defined here as spending unexplained by inertia and economic conditions, appears to be somewhat larger in the Western Balkans than in the European Union. This has important policy implications that affect the effectiven...
The importance of age and weight on cavopulmonary shunt (stage II) outcomes after the Norwood procedure: Planned versus unplanned surgery.

Abstract Objective The study objective was to evaluate the outcomes of the cavopulmonary shunt after the Norwood procedure with a particular focus on age, weight, and whether surgery was planned or expedited by clinical findings. Methods We studied 297 consecutive patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome undergoing the cavopulmonary shunt operation between 2002 and 2014. All patients underwent the Norwood procedure with a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. Unplanned surgery was any situation in which surgery was expedited because of refractory desaturation, angiographic findings, or failure to discharge. Results There were 222 planned and 75 unplanned procedures. Planned surgery was performed at median of 5.4 (4.6-6.3) months compared with 3.9 (3.3-5.0) months for the unplanned group ( P P = .07). At 5 and 10 years, survival was significantly worse in the unplanned group (73% vs 85%, P = .03). On multivariable analysis, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, the need for atrioventricular valve repair, and impaired ventricular function (graded composite variable) were the predominant risk factors (hazard ratio [HR], 7.49), with an incremental risk within these 3 variables. The planned versus unplanned nature of the surgery was less significant (HR, 1.75) because it was eclipsed by ventricular function and tricuspid intervention. Additional factors were aortic atresia/mitral atresia subgroup (HR, 2.07) and somatic growth (z-score weight) at the time of surgery (HR, 0.60 for z-score change from −2.54 to −1.16). Age and weight at surgery were not significant risk factors for survival. Interstage interventions on the aortic arch or right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit did not adversely influence outcomes. Conclusions The ventricular function, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and need for tricuspid intervention were the primary risk factors for survival after the cavopulmonary shunt operation. Although unplanned surgery is associated with poor outcomes, this is related to the primary risk factors and not the timing or age of the patient. Somatic growth also has a significant influence on survival. Thus, an earlier cavopulmonary shunt operation is safe in infants who are thriving, but those with poor weight gain are at higher risk.
Using OCT-based microangiography for in vivo longitudinal study of arteriogenesis (Conference Presentation)

The adaptive growth of collateral vessels, termed “arteriogenesis”, is crucial for maintaining regional blood supply during arterial obstruction and offsetting the adverse effect of tissue ischemia. Stimulation of arteriogenesis has been applied for the treatment of occlusive vascular diseases, and in vivo imaging of the progressive development of collateral vessel will facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism. We present using high-resolution OCT-based microangiography (OMAG) to image arteriogenesis process longitudinally in mouse cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We imaged the collateral arterioles at the arteriolo-arteriolar anastomosis (AAA) within 7-day period after MCAO to reveal key elements of collateral vessel remodeling, including alteration in vessel morphology, velocity and directionality of blood flow. The magnitudes of changes in these parameters matched the time course of the active building of collateral vessels stated in previous studies using histology. Hence, OMAG is a promising imaging tool for non-invasive longitudinal study of functional collateral vessel growth in small animal models and can be potentially applied in the experimental study of arteriogenesis stimulation.
Glacial chronology of the Sierra Nevada, California, from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene

During the Last Glacial Maximum the Sierra Nevada in California, USA, supported a mountain glacier/ice cap complex that covered over 20,000 km 2 . The history of this ice cover can be reconstructed using 14 C and cosmogenic-nuclide surface-exposure dating. These show that the glaciers reached their maximum extent for the last glacial cycle between 21 and 18 ka, i.e., during the global Last Glacial Maximum. This is termed the Tioga 3 advance. A slow retreat began at 18 ka and accelerated rapidly at about 17 ka. After retreating an unknown distance, the glaciers began to readvance at about 16.7 ka, reaching the Tioga 4 limit at 16.2 ka. They then rapidly retreated to the crest of the range, probably within 500 to 1000 years. There is no indication of subsequent glacial expansion until the Recess Peak advance between 14.0 and 12.5 ka. Unfortunately, chronological control is not adequate to determine whether this advance was during the early Younger Dryas or slightly preceded it. The equilibrium-line-altitude reduction during the Tioga 3 was about 1200 m, that during the Tioga 4 about 800 m, and during the Recess Peak 100 to 200 m. The Tioga 4 advance coincided with the expansion of nearby pluvial Lake Lahontan to its maximum size. The Sierra Nevada advances correlate well with the glacial chronology of the Alps during the same period, and also with the episodes of melting and advance of the European and Laurentide Ice Sheets. Times of glacial advance in the Sierra Nevada may be connected to the melting history of the ice sheets, and to Heinrich events, by expansion and contraction of sea ice in the southern North Atlantic.
What Are We Missing? A Snapshot of Difficult-to-Find International Online Resources

ABSTRACTThe proliferation of international research resources for sciences has improved scholarly communication and strengthened networks of research communities around the world. This study examined thirty-five portals, digital libraries, online repositories, bibliographies, etc., from Africa, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, and South America. The study observed trends in language, scope, access, type of resource, and search capabilities included in these resources. Moreover, this study highlights the partnerships necessary for these resources to thrive and the role of library professionals in conveying these unique resources to a broader community of scholars.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen choice in patients with breast cancer with pathologic complete response.

570Background: Breast cancer patients with a pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) have improved survival. We hypothesize there is no difference in post-surgical rec...
Dynamic Changes of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors following Exposures of Microcystis aeruginosa to Wildfire Ash Solutions.

Wildfires can elevate dissolved organic matter (DOM) levels due to ash input and algal growth in source waters, and consequently impacting disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in finished water; however, it remains unclear how quality and quantity of overall allochthonous and autochthonous DOM as well as associated DBP formation are changed during an entire algal life cycle. Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in the medium containing low and high concentrations [10% and 65% (v/v)] of black and white ash water extracts (BE and WE) to study dynamic changes of carbonaceous, nitrogenous, and oxygenated DBP precursors during algal growth. DOM was characterized by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and chlorination/chloramination-based DBP formation experiments. Throughout the entire experiment, C-DBP precursors in the control ranged from 2.41 to 3.09 mmol/mol-C. In the treatment with 10% BE, the amount of C-DBP precursors decreased from 6.8 to 3.0 mmol/mol-C at initial-exponential phase then increased...
Outcomes of fluoroscopic and ultrasound-guided placement versus laparoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters.

Background Several peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) placement techniques have been described. The objective of this study was to compare the fluoroscopy and ultrasound guidance technique with the laparoscopic technique. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 260 patients who had their first PDC placed between January 2005 and June 2016. We compared the outcomes of the fluoroscopic and ultrasound-guided catheter placement technique (radiologic group, n = 50) with the laparoscopic catheter placement technique (laparoscopic group, n = 190). The primary endpoint was complication-free catheter survival at 365 days. Secondary endpoints were complication-free catheter survival at 90 days, overall catheter survival at 90 and 365 days, median days to first complication and median days to catheter removal. Results In the radiologic group, the complication-free catheter survival at 90 and 365 days was 64% and 48%, respectively, while in the laparoscopic group it was 71% (P = 0.374) and 53% (P = 0.494), respectively. Catheter malfunction was significantly higher in the laparoscopic group (30%) compared with the radiologic group (16%, P = 0.048). The overall catheter survival at 90 and 365 days was 76% and 52%, respectively, in the radiologic group, while in the laparoscopic group it was 88% (P = 0.0514) an 48% (P = 0.652), respectively. There was no significant difference in the median days to first complication and the median days to catheter removal between the two groups (P = 0.71). Conclusion The technique of fluoroscopic and ultrasound-guided PDC placement is a clinically effective and safe alternative to laparoscopic catheter placement with similar survival and complication rates.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 7-mediated microRNA-221 repression maintains Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 levels in mouse embryonic stem cells.

The stemness maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) requires pluripotency transcription factors, including Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. We have previously reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7), an epigenetic modifier, is an essential pluripotency factor that maintains the stemness of mouse ESCs, at least in part, by down-regulating the expression of the anti-stemness microRNA (miRNA) miR-24-2. To gain greater insight into the molecular basis underlying PRMT7-mediated maintenance of mouse ESC stemness, we searched for new PRMT7-down-regulated anti-stemness miRNAs. Here, we show that miR-221 gene–encoded miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p are anti-stemness miRNAs whose expression levels in mouse ESCs are directly repressed by PRMT7. Notably, both miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p targeted the 3′ untranslated regions of mRNA transcripts of the major pluripotency factors Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 to antagonize mouse ESC stemness. Moreover, miR-221-5p silenced also the expression of its own transcriptional repressor PRMT7. Transfection of miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p mimics induced spontaneous differentiation of mouse ESCs. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the miR-221 gene, as well as specific antisense inhibitors of miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p, inhibited the spontaneous differentiation of PRMT7-depleted mouse ESCs. Taken together, these findings reveal that the PRMT7-mediated repression of miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p expression plays a critical role in maintaining mouse ESC stemness. Our results also establish miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p as anti-stemness miRNAs that target Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 mRNAs in mouse ESCs.
Aspect splits without ergativity

This paper looks at two different aspect splits in Neo-Aramaic languages that are unusual in that they do not involve any ergativity. Instead, these splits are characterized by agreement reversal, a pattern in which the function of agreement markers switches between aspects, though the alignment of agreement remains consistently nominative-accusative. Some Neo-Aramaic languages have complete agreement reversal, affecting both subject and object agreement (Khan 2002, 2008; Coghill 2003). In addition to this, we describe a different system, found in Senaya, which we call partial agreement reversal. In Senaya, the reversal only affects the marker of the perfective subject, which marks objects in the imperfective. We show that a unifying property of the systems that we discuss is that there is additional agreement potential in the imperfective. We develop an account in which these splits arise because of an aspectual predicate in the imperfective that introduces an additional φ-probe. This proposal provides support for the view that aspect splits are the result of an additional predicate in nonperfective aspects (Laka 2006; Coon 2010; Coon and Preminger 2012), because it allows for the apparently disparate phenomena of split ergativity and agreement reversal to be given a unified treatment.
Asymmetric effects of environmental filtering on the assembly of tropical bird communities along a moisture gradient

The species-sorting hypothesis (SSH) states that environmental factors influence local community assembly of metacommunities by selecting for species that are well adapted to the specific conditions of each site. Along environmental gradients, the strength of selection against individuals that are marginally adapted to the local conditions increases towards the extremes of the environment where the climate becomes harsh. In rainfall gradients, the strength of selection by the environment has been proposed to decrease with rainfall. Under this scenario SSH would predict that immigration of individuals from the metacommunity should be restricted into the dry end of the gradient creating a positive relationship between immigration and rainfall. However, if the selection is strong in both ends of the gradient, the restriction should be expected to be in both directions such that the ends behave as independent metacommunities even in the absence of geographical barriers. In this study we used models based on neutral theory to evaluate if SSH can explain the distribution of bird species along a steep rainfall gradient in Colombia. We found a strong positive relationship between immigration rates and precipitation suggesting that the dry forests impose stronger challenges for marginally adapted bird populations. However, a two-metacommunity model separating dry and wet forests was a better fit to the observed data, suggesting that both extremes impose strong selection against immigrants. The switch from the dry forest to the wet forest metacommunities occurred abruptly over a short geographic distance in the absence of any apparent geographic barrier; this apparent threshold occurs where the forest becomes mostly evergreen. The relative number of rare species in dry forest was lower than in wet forests suggesting that the selection against marginally adapted populations is stronger in the dry forests. Overall, our analyses are consistent with SSH at the regional scales, but the rarity analysis suggests that the mechanisms at the local scales are substantially different. Based on these results, we hypothesize that abiotic (climatic) factors limit immigration into dry forest communities and whereas biotic factors such as competition and predation may limit immigration into bird communities in the wet forest.
A framework for cost-effective communication system for 3D data streaming and real-time 3D reconstruction

The methods commonly used for people to converse despite a large geographical distance are either text messaging or video conference. A more immersive communication method which is similar to in-person conversation is more desirable. The closest form is a conversation via the holographic projection of the participants and environment. Two features needed to achieve this include 3D reconstruction of the target and streaming of 3D data. We implement 3D reconstruction and 3D streaming using cost-effective depth cameras. The focus of this work is on how to approach the idea by using such devices to create a standardized platform for the implementation of the system with the features mentioned above. Specifically, the system can capture 3D data from multiple depth sensors, reconstruct a 3D model of the human target to create an avatar, and stream the changes acquired from the sensors to the client to control the avatar in real time.
The Attorney Ad Litem: Guardian of the Rights of Children and Incompetents:

The guardian or attorney ad litem represents persons who cannot represent themselves, whether children or incompetent adults, to assure procedural and substantive due process of law. This article e...
Efficacy and safety of DFN-11 (sumatriptan injection, 3 mg) in adults with episodic migraine: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

In a previous randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept study in rapidly escalating migraine, a 3 mg dose of subcutaneous sumatriptan (DFN-11) was associated with fewer and shorter triptan sensations than a 6 mg dose. The primary objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of acute treatment with DFN-11 compared with placebo in episodic migraine. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of DFN-11 in the acute treatment of adults with episodic migraine (study RESTOR). The primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects taking DFN-11 who were pain free at 2 h postdose in the double-blind period compared with placebo. Secondary endpoints included earlier postdose timepoints, assessments of pain relief and subjects’ freedom from their most bothersome symptom (MBS) (among nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia). Safety and tolerability were assessed. A total of 392 subjects was screened, 268 (68.4%) were randomized, and 234 (87.3% of those randomized) completed the double-blind treatment period. The proportion of subjects who were pain free at 2 h postdose was significantly greater in the DFN-11 group than in the placebo group (51.0% vs 30.8%, P = 0.0023). Compared with placebo, significantly higher proportions of subjects treated with DFN-11 were also pain free at 30, 60, and 90 min postdose (P ≤ 0.0195). DFN-11 was significantly superior to placebo for pain relief at 60 min, 90 min, and 2 h postdose (P ≤ 0.0179). At 2 h postdose, DFN-11 was also significantly superior to placebo for freedom from photophobia (P = 0.0056) and phonophobia (P = 0.0167). Overall, 33.3% (37/111) who received DFN-11 and 13.4% (16/119) who received placebo experienced at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), the most common of which were injection site swelling (7.2% vs 0.8%) and pain (7.2% vs 5.9%). Chest discomfort was about half as common in the DFN-11 treatment group as it was in the placebo group (0.9% vs 1.7%). This study met its primary endpoint, pain freedom at 2 h postdose, with DFN-11 significantly better than placebo, and the incidence of TEAEs and triptan sensations with DFN-11 was low. The 3 mg dose of sumatriptan in DFN-11 appears to be an effective alternative to a 6 mg SC dose of sumatriptan, with good safety and tolerability. ( clinicaltrials.gov : NCT02569853; registered 07 October 2015).
Two patched molecules engage distinct sites on hedgehog yielding a signaling-competent complex

Aberrant Hedgehog (HH) signaling leads to various types of cancer and birth defects. N-terminally palmitoylated HH initiates signaling by binding its receptor Patched-1 (PTCH1). A recent 1:1 PTCH1–HH complex structure visualized a palmitate-mediated binding site on HH, which was inconsistent with previous studies that implied a distinct, calcium-mediated binding site for PTCH1 and HH co-receptors. Here, our 3.5-A resolution cryo-EM structure of native Sonic Hedgehog (SHH-N) in complex with PTCH1 at a physiological calcium concentration reconciles these disparate findings and demonstrates that one SHH-N molecule engages both epitopes to bind two PTCH1 receptors in an asymmetric manner. Functional assays using PTCH1 or SHH-N mutants that disrupt the individual interfaces illustrate that simultaneous engagement of both interfaces is required for efficient signaling in cells.
Economic Consequences of GST in India

The research paper focuses on the economic consequences of Goods and Services Tax (GST) personified newly in the Indian Tax structure. The paper also discusses the anticipated barriers and future predictions for GST. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a vast notion that simplifies the giant tax structure by supporting and augmenting the economic growth of a country. GST is a comprehensive tax levy on manufacturing, sale and consumption of goods and services at a national level. India’s historic and bold move towards integrated tax structure is viewed by most economists as an answer to regressive indirect tax structure. It is a comprehensive tax system that will subsume all indirect taxes of states and central governments and unified economy into a seamless national market. An important feature of GST is that products and services are equalized and are taxed at a fixed rate until customers access it within the supply chain. Therefore, tax reforms give equal rights to large and small businesses and taxpayers. Another important feature of India's GST rollout is that it is dual-based. In other words, both central and multiple government agencies will release GST separately. The central government will charge CGS T and the state will charge SGST respectively. However, the tax, tax and taxation standards are the same. This is necessary in view of the federal structure of the government if governments are free to manage their own taxes at two levels. GST would help in lesser corruption and increased tax revenue. It contributes towards a better and improved economy with single taxation. The system will make it easier to identify the tax defaulters. In India, GST is imposed on goods and services income. It is expected to iron out wrinkles of existing indirect tax system and play a vital role in growth of India. It is believed that GST would put India’s indirect tax structure at par with more than 140 countries and would be productive for all the sectors. Implementation of such reforms does face surmountable challenges; however this is expected to bring in benefits in the form of higher GDP and also transparency in the tax system. The GST would be imposed on the value – addition and thus would leave lesser scope for tax evasion.
Study to relate mini-spun yarn tenacity with cotton fiber strength:

There has been great interest in assessing yarn tenacity directly from available cotton fiber property data acquired by various means, including high-volume instrumentation (HVI). The HVI test is a...
Feeling the pain

Great storytelling and rounded characters don't feature that often in video games. A new genre tackling issues around mental health will only work if that changes, says Jacob Aron