cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Issue Ownership in Presidential Campaigns

This effort examines the dynamics of the agenda-setting process in presidential campaigns by assessing the conditions that motivate candidates to discuss issues associated with their opponent’s party. The article’s argument contends that occurrences of issue trespassing are a function of the context in which a campaign is occurring and factors stemming from the campaign process. The hypotheses are tested against data collected from all available campaign advertisements produced by major party candidates competing in the 1976 through 1996 presidential elections. The results of the logit analysis indicate that candidates’ decisions to address issues owned by their opponent’s party are a function of their competitive standing, their partisanship, the importance of an issue to the electorate, and the tone of their campaign messages.
Effects of Δ9-THC on the synaptosomal uptake of 3H-tryptophan and 3H-choline

The in vitro addition of (–)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) resulted in a dose-responsive inhibition of the high-affinity specific synaptosomal uptake of both 3H-tryptophan and 3H-choline in mouse forebrain crude synaptosomal preparations. The approximate concentrations of Δ9-THC required to cause a 50% inhibition of the uptake of 3H-tryptophan and 3H-choline were 33 and 16 μM, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that inhibition of both compounds were consistent with a noncompetitive mechanism. The pretreatment of mice with doses of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg Δ9-THC had no effect on the subsequent in vitro synaptosomal uptake of either 3H-tryptophan or 3H-choline into forebrain synaptosomes.
Very Long Lived Wave Patterns Detected in the Solar Surface Velocity Signal

The wavelike pattern of velocity variations in the outer layers of the Sun known as the "torsional oscillations" is shown to consist of long-lived inertial oscillation waves. The dominant pattern which was first identified at Mount Wilson and which has now been observed with the Michelson Doppler Imager instrument and the Global Oscillation Network Group, may be the m = 0 component of a hierarchy of inertial oscillation waves having m-values up to 8. The identification is based on the geometric structure and the relationship of the pattern in adjacent bands of latitude. It is found that the cross-correlation between adjacent latitude bands consists almost exclusively of an oscillatory component with little or no evidence of a peak at 0 lag. Since the pattern has a global extent in the longitudinal direction with the wave pattern being coherent over essentially the whole solar circumference, a convective interpretation cannot be supported when the latitudinal structure is limited to less than 3° of latitude. These wavelike patterns define a rotation rate which is similar to that found for the magnetic features but which deviates in zones with magnetic activity in the sense that the m = 1 component rotates more slowly while the m = 3 and 4 components rotate more rapidly.
The Drosophila fusome, a germline-specific organelle, contains membrane skeletal proteins and functions in cyst formation

Oogenesis in Drosophila takes place within germline cysts that support polarized transport through ring canals interconnecting their 15 nurse cells and single oocyte. Developing cystocytes are spanned by a large cytoplasmic structure known as the fusome that has been postulated to help form ring canals and determine the pattern of nurse cell-oocyte interconnections. We identified the adducin-like hts product and alpha-spectrin as molecular components of fusomes, discovered a related structure in germline stem cells and documented regular associations between fusomes and cystocyte centrosomes. hts mutations completely eliminated fusomes, causing abnormal cysts containing a reduced number of cells to form. Our results imply that Drosophila fusomes are required for ovarian cyst formation and suggest that membrane skeletal proteins regulate cystocyte divisions.
Toll-like receptor signaling in primary immune deficiencies

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize common microbial or host-derived macromolecules and have important roles in early activation of the immune system. Patients with primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) affecting TLR signaling can elucidate the importance of these proteins to the human immune system. Defects in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) lead to susceptibility to infections with bacteria, while mutations in nuclear factor-κB essential modulator (NEMO) and other downstream mediators generally induce broader susceptibility to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In contrast, TLR3 signaling defects are specific for susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis. Other PIDs induce functional alterations of TLR signaling pathways, such as common variable immunodeficiency in which plasmacytoid dendritic cell defects enhance defective responses of B cells to shared TLR agonists. Dampening of TLR responses is seen for TLRs 2 and 4 in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Enhanced TLR responses, meanwhile, are seen for TLRs 5 and 9 in CGD, TLRs 4, 7/8, and 9 in XLA, TLRs 2 and 4 in hyper IgE syndrome, and for most TLRs in adenosine deaminase deficiency.
Time Reckoning and Memorials in Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica was the time-place in the New World where the memory arts of writing and calendrical notation achieved their highest forms. Both had long histories going back at least to the first millennium bc and were part of an even longer and wider history of memorials and commemorations dating millennia earlier. In this essay we consider time and memorials as social constructs and forms of practice and provide data for sequential changes in both. As commonly deployed and materialized, history and memorials are about the evolving ‘now’ and future aspirations rather than a fixed past — but they are communicated by re-presenting supposed pasts. In Mesoamerica, the things remembered, the manner of remembering them, and the reasons for doing so evolved with changing social and political institutions and circumstances.
An ordinary differential equation-based solution path algorithm

Efron, Hastie, Johnstone, and Tibshirani [(2004), ‘Least Angle Regression (with discussions)’, The Annals of Statistics, 32, 409–499] proposed least angle regression (LAR), a solution path algorithm for the least squares regression. They pointed out that a slight modification of the LAR gives the LASSO [Tibshirani, R. (1996), ‘Regression Shrinkage and Selection Via the Lasso’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 58, 267–288] solution path. However, it is largely unknown how to extend this solution path algorithm to models beyond the least squares regression. In this work, we propose an extension of the LAR for generalised linear models and the quasi-likelihood model by showing that the corresponding solution path is piecewise given by solutions of ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems. Our contribution is twofold. First, we provide a theoretical understanding on how the corresponding solution path propagates. Second, we propose an ODE-based algorithm to obtain the whole solution path.
Rebuttal from Gary C. Sieck and Carlos B. Mantilla.

Powers et al. (2013) propose that mechanical ventilation (MV) imposes rapid diaphragm muscle atrophy as a result of inactivity. Their argument is essentially one of exclusion, rather than direct evidence. They argue that MV does not influence circulating inflammatory cytokines or induce sepsis that may be responsible for atrophy. However, they acknowledge that keratinocyte-derived chemokine does increase after MV, although its role in MV-induced atrophy has not been established. The argument dismissing the role of toll-like receptor TLR4 ligands on MV-induced atrophy is hardly evidence for a role of inactivity. They state that the role of inactivity is also supported by the reduced atrophy evident when low levels of activity are allowed (either by partial MV support, intermittent spontaneous ventilation or bilateral electrical phrenic nerve stimulation). Even this argument does not necessarily impute inactivity as the cause of MV-induced diaphragm muscle atrophy. Within a single very active muscle like the diaphragm muscle there are differences in activity across muscle fibres of varying type (Sieck & Fournier, 1989; Sieck, 1991, 1994; Mantilla et al. 2010; Mantilla & Sieck, 2011). Muscle fibre activity within a muscle is dictated by motor unit activation: the largest muscle fibres (e.g. type IIx and IIb fibres) are typically the least active during low levels of activation (e.g. spontaneous ventilation), but the most susceptible to various conditions inducing atrophy (Sieck & Mantilla, 2013). It is likely that the low levels of activity that mitigate MV-induced diaphragm atrophy only reflect activation of a small subset of diaphragm muscle fibres. Unfortunately, the level of diaphragm activity (or inactivity) was not consistently determined in MV studies even though results have been interpreted in this context. In studies exploring ‘disuse atrophy’ of limb muscles, EMG activity persists after unloading imposed by casting, bed rest or hindlimb suspension (Blewett & Elder, 1993; Haddad et al. 2006; Roy et al. 2007). Powers et al. (2013) appear to argue that the diaphragm as a very active muscle is more susceptible to inactivity than the less active limb muscles. This argument ignores differences in basal levels of activity across diaphragm muscle fibres and certainly does not account for the greater susceptibility of type IIx and type IIb fibres to conditions inducing atrophy. Importantly, rapid muscle fibre atrophy does not occur in models where diaphragm muscle inactivity is verified (Sieck & Mantilla, 2013).
Activation of CD21 and CD23 Gene Expression by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus RTA

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA2 and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) replication and transcription activator (RTA) are recruited to their responsive elements through interaction with a Notch-mediated transcription factor, RBP-Jkappa. In particular, RTA and EBNA2 interactions with RBP-Jkappa are essential for the lytic replication of KSHV and expression of B-cell activation markers CD21 and CD23a, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that like EBV EBNA2, KSHV RTA strongly induces CD21 and CD23a expression through RBP-Jkappa binding sites in the first intron of CD21 and in the CD23a core promoter, respectively. However, unlike EBV EBNA2, which alters immunoglobulin mu (Igmu) and c-myc gene expression, RTA did not affect Igmu and c-myc expression, indicating that KSHV RTA targets the Notch signal transduction pathway in a manner similar to but distinct from that of EBV EBNA2. Furthermore, RTA-induced expression of CD21 glycoprotein, which is an EBV receptor, efficiently facilitated EBV infection. In addition, RTA-induced CD23 glycoprotein underwent proteolysis and gave rise to soluble CD23 (sCD23) molecules in B lymphocytes and KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphocytes. sCD23 then stimulated primary human lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that cellular CD21 and CD23a are common targets for B lymphotropic gammaherpesviruses and that KSHV RTA regulates RBP-Jkappa-mediated cellular gene expression, which ultimately provides a favorable milieu for viral reproduction in the infected host.
Genetic Risk and Breast Cancer Survival: Another Link in the Chain of Evidence

The discovery of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was an important milestone in breast cancer research. Ongoing investigation of cancer genes is sure to improve our knowledge of cancer biology and may speed development of new cancer treatments and prevention strategies. As this research effort goes forward, however, puzzling questions need to be addressed concerning the clinical effects of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We do not understand why the degree of cancer risk conferred by mutations is variable or why some mutation carriers develop breast cancer, others develop ovarian cancer, and some develop both. We do not know whether the cancers occurring in mutation carriers are essentially the same or significantly different from those occurring in noncarriers. Breast cancer occurs at an earlier age in mutation carriers, and a higher prevalence of adverse pathobiologic features has been reported in breast cancers occurring in BRCA1 mutation carriers. (1). These observations raise concern that mutationassociated cancers are more aggressive and result in higher mortality rates. A new study (2) reported in this issue of the Journal addresses the question of cancer survival. Lee et al. found no difference in breast or ovarian cancer survival by mutation status. This conclusion was based on a survey of Ashkenazi Jewish
Yield Stress and Relative Viscosity of Tomato Concentrates: Effect of Total Solids and Finisher Screen Size

Yield stresses of tomato concentrates, prepared using two finisher screens (0.69 mm and 0.84 mm diam) were determined using the vane method, Casson model, and dynamic rheological data. Magnitudes of vane yield stress were higher than those using other methods. They increased with increase in total solids and were about the same in concentrates from both screen sizes. Magnitudes of Casson viscosities of concentrates and serum viscosities from 0.84 mm screen were slightly higher than those from 0.69 mm finisher screen.
Semiphenomenological Calculation of Low-Energy s -Wave π − N Scattering

A semiphenomenological calculation of $s$-wave $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering is presented, based on a method of approximately solving coupled, twice-subtracted, $s$-wave $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ partial-wave dispersion relations. Unitary trial functions are used to represent the low-energy physical region and to calculate contributions to $s$-wave $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering due to the nearby singularities produced by the same processes in the crossed $u$ channel. Contributions due to other nearby singularities are calculated using experimental data. Short-range forces are incorporated by imposing a unitary sum rule on the solutions. Unitary and crossing symmetry are approximately imposed by varying the parameters of the trial functions until the real parts of the amplitudes, as calculated from the dispersion relations, are consistent with those given by the trial functions in both the low-energy $s$-channel physical region and part of the nearby crossed $u$-channel physical region. Self-consistent solutions are found which are compatible with experiment.
What can visual speech synthesis tell visual speech recognition

We consider the problem of speech recognition given visual and auditory information, and discuss some of the ways that speech synthesis can provide assistance. Three possible contributions of synthetic visual speech are discussed. First, the use of synthetic speech to study human speech perception, second, the use of speech synthesis techniques to instantiate models of human speech production, and third, the use of these production models to help guide automatic speech recognition. Finally, we consider the reverse relationship. How can the techniques of automatic speech recognition assist in better visual speech synthesis?. >
Landscape-Scale Vegetation Change Following Fire in Point Reyes, California, USA

Fire is an important factor in determining plant community composition and distribution. This study quantifies landscape-scale vegetation change following a large fire at Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA. Vegetation in the Point Reyes region is characterized by a complex mosaic of grassland, shrub, and forest plant communities, and by high levels of plant diversity. Although large fires are relatively rare on the coast of California north of San Francisco Bay, they are important in determining the distributions of plant communities at the landscape scale. We mapped vegetation communities throughout the study area using aerial imagery and analyzed how vegetation shifted following fire. We found substantial areas had transitioned from coastal scrub to ceanothus scrub (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Eschsch.) or Bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) forest following fire. Transitions from shrub to tree vegetation following fire have rarely been documented in this region. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors influencing the post-fire distribution of Bishop pine and ceanothus scrub. Proximity to pre-fire Bishop pine stands and pre-fire vegetation type were the most important predictors of post-fire Bishop pine regeneration. Pre-fire vegetation type, burn severity, and topography were the most important predictors of post-fire ceanothus scrub distribution. This study demonstrates the capacity of these ecosystems for substantial change over short time periods in response to fire, and identifies some of the factors driving this change.
Salicylic Acid and Analogues as diaCEST MRI Contrast Agents with Highly Shifted Exchangeable Proton Frequencies

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used asa diagnostic method to detect changes in soft tissue due to itsexquisite spatial resolution. One of the standard methods todetect pathologies involves injection of magnetic resonance(MR) contrast agent, such as the gadolinium(III) complexesroutinely used for angiography.
Creativity in design: the contribution of information technology

Efforts to improve the design process in new product development often take the form of new information technologies, and they have had varying degrees of success. This paper considers the modern technologies of design and their impact on creativity. The analysis considers such design issues as problem structure, engineering knowledge, expert systems, ideation and the social context of technologies that affect their adoption and use. There exists a general bias toward the goals of effective coordination over enhanced creativity in the systems supporting design. Suggestions for research and practice are discussed.
Multi-stage Learning of Linear Algebra Algorithms

In evolving applications, there is a need for the dynamic selection of algorithms or algorithm parameters. Such selection is hardly ever governed by exact theory, so intelligent recommender systems have been proposed. In our application area, the iterative solution of linear systems of equations, the recommendation process is especially complicated, since the classes have a multi-dimensional structure. We discuss different strategies of recommending the different components of the algorithms.
Piezoelectric composites with high sensitivity and high capacitance for use at high pressures

A type of piezoelectric composite has been developed for oceanographic applications. The composites have a large figure of merit (d/sub h/*g/sub h/ or d/sub h/*g/sub h//tan delta , where d/sub h/ is the hydrostatic piezoelectric voltage coefficient), a large dielectric constant (K) and low dielectric loss, and great mechanical strength. A shallow cavity between the PZT ceramics and thick metallic electrode is designed to convert a portion of the z-direction stress into a large radial and tangential stress of opposite sign. thereby causing the d/sub 33/ and d/sub 31/ contributions to d/sub h/ to add rather than subtract, and raising the figure of merit. Theoretical stress analysis was carried out using an axisymmetric finite element method. Experimental results show that the d/sub h/*g/sub h/, K, and withstandable pressure are extremely high. >
Force and velocity measured for single kinesin molecules

We measured the force-velocity curves of single kinesin molecules attached to silica beads moving in an in vitro motility assay. Optical trapping interferometry was used to track movement with subnanometer precision and to apply calibrated, pN-sized forces to the beads. Velocity decreased linearly with increasing force, and kinesin molecules moved against applied loads of up to 5-6 pN. Comparison of force-velocity curves at limiting and saturating ATP concentrations suggests that the load-dependent diminution in kinesin velocity may be due to a decrease in the net displacement per molecule of ATP hydrolyzed, not simply to a slowing of the ATP turnover rate; kinesin would therefore appear to be a loosely coupled motor.
A meta-analysis of measures of self-esteem for young children : A framework for future measures

The objective of this study was to synthesize information from literature on measures of the self in young children to create an empirical framework for developing future methods for measuring this construct. For this meta-analysis, all available preschool and early elementary school self-esteem studies were reviewed. Reliability was used as the criterion variable and the predictor variables represented different aspects of methodology that are used in testing an instrument: study characteristics, method characteristics, subject characteristics, measure characteristics, and measure design characteristics. Using information from two analyses, the results indicate that the reliability of self-esteem measures for young children can be predicted by the setting of the study, number of items in the scale, the age of the children being studied, the method of data collection (questionnaires or pictures), and the socioeconomic status of the children. Age and number of items were found to be critical features in the development of reliable measures for young children. Future studies need to focus on the issues of age and developmental limitations on the complicated problem of how young children actually think about the self and what methods and techniques can aid in gathering this information more accurately.
Racial disparities of pancreatic cancer in Georgia: a county‐wide comparison of incidence and mortality across the state, 2000–2011

Understanding the geographic distribution of pancreatic cancer is important in assessing disease burden and identifying high‐risk populations. This study examined the geographic trends of pancreatic cancer incidence, mortality, and mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) in Georgia, with a special focus on racial disparities of disease. Directly age‐adjusted pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates for Georgia counties (N = 159) were obtained for 2000–2011. Maps of county age‐adjusted disease rates and MIRs were generated separately for African Americans and Caucasians. Cluster analyses were conducted to identify unusual geographic aggregations of cancer cases or deaths. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine associations between county health factors (e.g., health behaviors, clinical care, and physical environment) and pancreatic cancer incidence or mortality rates. African Americans displayed a significantly higher age‐adjusted incidence (14.6/100,000) and mortality rate (13.3/100,000), compared to Caucasians. Cluster analyses identified five significant incidence clusters and four significant mortality clusters among Caucasians; one significant incidence cluster and two significant mortality clusters were identified among African Americans. Weak but significant correlations were noted between physical environment and pancreatic cancer incidence (ρ = 0.16, P = 0.04) and mortality (ρ = 0.18, P = 0.02) among African Americans. A disproportion burden of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality was exhibited among African Americans in Georgia. Disease intervention efforts should be implemented in high‐risk areas, such as the southwest and central region of the state. Future studies should assess health behaviors and physical environment in relationship with the spatial distribution of pancreatic cancer.
One-year clinical and angiographic results of hybrid myocardial revascularization: Still a long way to go.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the mainstay of the surgical treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease. In the past 50 years, CABG has been analyzed through countless contributions, including randomized trials and observational single-institution studies. When attempting to define the keycomponent of success of CABG,it is likely that the use of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to revascularize the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) under cardioplegic arrest will be acknowledged by a significant proportion of the medical and surgical community.Thiswas highlightedbyLoopandcolleagues 1 fromthe Cleveland Clinic in a seminal contribution. Loop 2 defined the major factors that have influenced the indications for surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction as viableornonviablemyocardium,improvedmyocardial protection and intra-aortic balloon pumping, internal thoracic artery grafting, and left ventricular restorative procedures. Furthermore, current knowledge indicates that the use of a second arterial graft, mostly the right internal thoracic artery, adds long-term survival benefit in addition to higher patency with respect vein grafts, 3 such as complete arterial
Effect of Boron Modifications of Palladium Catalysts for the Production of Hydrogen from Formic Acid

In this study, we explore the effect of light nonmetal dopants (e.g., boron, carbon, and nitrogen) on the catalytic properties of transition-metal surfaces using the recently discovered boron-doped palladium catalyst for formic acid decomposition as an example. We use periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations to derive an understanding of how subsurface boron modifies the palladium catalyst to be more active, and we find that the effect of the boron modification of palladium is different depending on the class of an adsorbate. Our DFT calculation results are also coupled to the microkinetic model of formic acid decomposition published previously to show that the catalytic properties of boron-doped palladium can be analyzed within the same conceptual framework used for understanding the catalytic trends of (undoped) transition-metal and alloy catalysts.
The Autonomous Sex: Female Body and Voice in Alicia Kozameh's Writing of Resistance

DANTAS, ANA LUIZA LIBÂNIO, M.A., June 2008, Latin American Studies The Autonomous Sex: Female Body and Voice in Alicia Kozameh's Writing of Resistance (97 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nicole M. Reynolds This thesis analyzes Pasos bajo el agua (Steps under Water) and Bosquejo de alturas (Impressions of Heights), texts from the Argentine writer Alicia Kozameh, as examples of an embodied l'ecriture feminine. The reading of the literary texts through the theories of French feminists Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Michel Foucault, respond to the main arguments of the thesis. First, women empower themselves through language within power relationships established in patriarchal societies; the empowered female language is written through the female body. Second, l'ecriture feminine is a style of writing not exclusive to women; it is part of heteroglossia and can be written by any person, regardless of the sex. Third, l'ecriture feminine is a legitimate voice in social discourses, deconstructs the male/female dichotomy, and establishes a horizontal and dialectic relationship between different discursive voices. Finally, heteroglossia contributes to the reconstruction of gender relationships. Approved: _____________________________________________________________ Nicole M. Reynolds Assistant Professor of English
Excessive adiposity at low BMI levels among women in rural Bangladesh.

Asian populations have a higher percentage body fat (%BF) and are at higher risk for CVD and related complications at a given BMI compared with those of European descent. We explored whether %BF was disproportionately elevated in rural Bangladeshi women with low BMI. Height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were measured in 1555 women at 3 months postpartum. %BF was assessed by skinfolds and by BIA. BMI was calculated in adults and BMI Z-scores were calculated for females 30 % body fat). Linear regressions estimated the association between BMI and BMI Z-score (among adolescents) and %BF. Mean BMI was 19·2 (sd 2·2) kg/m(2), and mean %BF was calculated as 23·7 (sd 4·8) % by skinfolds and 23·3 (sd 4·9) % by BIA. ROC analyses indicated that a BMI value of approximately 21 kg/m(2) optimised sensitivity (83·6 %) and specificity (84·2 %) for classifying subjects with >30 % body fat according to BIA among adults. This BMI level is substantially lower than the WHO recommended standard cut-off point of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2). The equivalent cut-off among adolescents was a BMI Z-score of -0·36, with a sensitivity of 81·3 % and specificity of 80·9 %. These findings suggest that Bangladeshi women exhibit excess adipose tissue at substantially lower BMI compared with non-South Asian populations. This is important for the identification and prevention of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Applied Welfare Economics and Public Policy

Applied welfare economics and public policy , Applied welfare economics and public policy , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
3D Modeling of Fractional Diffusion to Describe Electromagnetic Induction in Fractured Geological Media

Summary The fractional diffusion of the electromagnetic (EM) induction in fractured media is modeled using the 3D finite difference (FD) method in frequency domain. The EM fractional diffusion is one subset of anomalous transport processes, which is usually induced by the heterogeneities with various scales in the media. The governing equation of this process is based on the classical Maxwell equation and modified according to the continuous time random walk (CTRW) theory. The roughness parameter β in the new equation is directly related to the degree of heterogeneity of formations. To access the performance of this theory, the 3D FD modeling experiments are developed. The calculated EM response of a 1D layered model is compared with the analytical solution to validate the accuracy of the code. Then the classical Ex response to a halfspace model containing a 3D fractured subsurface zone is calculated to compare with responses of fractional diffusion model, and uniform halfspace reference model. The comparable classical models are expected to obtain to explore the relationship between the roughness β with the heterogeneities of the media.
Glycogen metabolism in human hormone-producing trophoblastic cells in continuous culture. I. Regulation of glycogen metabolism by glucose.

Glycogen metabolism was studied in human hormone-producing trophoblastic cells (BeWo line). Cells supplemented daily with high glucose (3 g per liter in medium) contained 5.5% glycogen and utilized glucose at an initial rate of 12.2 mμmoles per min per mg of protein. In cells supplemented daily with low glucose (1 g per liter), the initial rate of glucose consumption was 23 mμmoles per min per mg of protein and the glycogen content reached only 0.4% of wet weight 24 hr after medium replenishment. When glycogen-depleted cultures were refed glucose, an accumulation of glycogen was observed, with initial deposition occurring in areas near the cell surface. After exhaustion of extracellular glucose, cytoplasmic glycogen was utilized at a rate of 2.8 mμmoles per min per mg of protein. Addition of either low or high glucose to glycogen-depleted cells resulted in the same rate of glycogen synthesis (approximately 8 mμmoles per min per mg of protein). It was suggested that unique regulatory mechanisms function in the control of glycogen metabolism in glycoprotein hormone-producing cytotrophoblastic cells.
Integration of design of experiments and artificial neural networks for achieving affordable concurrent design

For designs involving computer intensive systems analyses, approximation techniques are commonly used to create a simplified approach to evaluating the system behavior. These techniques help in reducing the product development time and in finding the optimal solutions. Two important types of approximation techniques are the Design of Experiments (DOE) and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). While these techniques have their own unique features, they have certain important advantages as well as disadvantages over each other. In this paper, an integration strategy is presented in which both methods complement one another in achieving affordable current systems design. The proposed strategy is verified by comparing the DOE and ANN approaches to the approximations of typical nonlinear behaviors in design. The high speed civil transport (HSCT) aircraft design is used as an example in this study.
In vitro splicing of pre-messenger RNA with extracts from 5-fluorouridine-treated cells

The effect of 5-fluorouridine (5-FU) treatment of cells on the splicing of pre-mRNA was determined using cellular extracts and splicing in vitro. Nuclear extracts from control cells and cells treated with 5-FU were prepared and used to splice pre-mRNAs in vitro. The drug treatment resulted in inhibition of cell growth but had little effect on RNA synthesis. The extracts from 5-FU-treated cells showed significant inhibition of splicing. This inhibition was the result of reduced efficiency and was not caused by a block at a specific step in the splicing pathway. There were no observable changes in the levels or physical properties of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles that are essential cofactors in the splicing process. The deficiency in splicing in the extracts from 5-FU-treated cells could be supplemented by the addition of complementary fractions from a control extract.
Peer Science Self-Efficacy: A Proximal Contextual Support for College Students’ Science Career Intentions

Social cognitive career theory posits that proximal contextual support variables exert both direct and indirect effects on individuals’ career choice intentions. The purpose of this study was to te...
Strategic Priorities of the International Creditor Regime

Creditors and debtor states interact with each other according to both the specific behavior of individual actors as well as to the general operating rules and norms of behavior found within the context of international finance. While the next three chapters focus on the specific policies stemming from the creditor-debtor relationship, this chapter lays out the strategic priorities of the international creditor regime.
Numerical Simulation of NOx and Particular Matter Distribution from Urban Street in Beijing China

In recent years, air quality has been a nation-wide issue in Beijing, China with frequent appearance of haze. Disappointingly, most detectors and sensors are mounted in suburb regions that are over ten kilometers away from the center of Beijing. Additionally, most researches are focusing on a general air flow in large scale instead of a specific community. It is important to be aware of the air quality at living communities in urban areas due to a large population. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technologies were used to analyze the distribution of NOx and particular matter (PM) from urban street in Beijing to evaluate the air quality at a certain building. As most air pollutions are caused by vehicle emissions in urban areas, containing NO x and particular matters, traffic emissions were considered as the only source of contaminants in this study. Commercial software ANSYS Fluent ® was used to simulate a number of dispersion scenarios under different boundary conditions to quantify the pollution level for the selected living environment in Beijing, China. Mass fraction, isosurfaces and streamlines of contaminant were presented to analyze the pollution distribution around the area
An In-Frame Deletion of Six Amino Acids and a Point Mutation in the Disintegrin Domain of ADAMTS-13 Associates with a Case of Congenital Thrombotic Thromocytopenic Purpura.

Abstract Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and diffuse and non-focal neurological findings. Microthrombi found in these patients are predominantly composed of platelets and von Willebrand factor (VWF). Recent studies suggest that the systemic thrombosis in TTP is mostly due to the congenital or acquired deficiency of the VWF-cleaving metalloprotease ADAMTS-13, which cleaves the ultra-large and hyperreactive VWF to smaller and less active form found in plasma. Most congenital cases of TTP have so far been identified in children. Here, we report a 60-year-old Caucasian man with a history of chronic relapsing TTP over thirty years, requiring plasma transfusion every 24 days in recent years. Repeat assays showed no ADAMTS13 activity in patient's plasma under both static and flow conditions without inhibitors being detected. We therefore examined the possible genetic defects in the ADAMTS-13 gene of this patient. Genomic DNA was extracted from patient's white blood cells and exons of ADAMTS-13 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplified DNA fragments were then screened for mutations by direct DNA sequencing. We identified a deletion of 18 base pairs from G1095 to G1112 (GTGCTCCAAGGGTCGCTG) in the exon10 of ADAMTS-13 gene, resulting in a deletion of six amino acids (C366 to C371) in the disintegrin domain of the metalloprotease. A point mutation (W365C) occurred immediately before the deletion due to a nucleotide realignment. The patient is heterozygote for the deletion. This is the first report of a deletion mutant (without frame shift and truncations) in the disintegrin region that has previously been demonstrated as critical for the ADAMTS-13 function by in vitro mutagenesis, epitope mapping of autoantibody to the metalloprotease in patients with adult acquired TTP, and identification of natural occurring mutations in patients with congenital TTP. Our ongoing studies are to determine the impact of these two mutations on the synthesis, release, and cleavage of ADAMTS-13.
Outpatient Dalteparin Peri-Procedure Bridge Therapy In Patients Maintained On Long Term Warfarin

70 Background: Peri-operative anticoagulation management for patients maintained on chronic warfarin therapy in need for surgery or invasive procedures is controversial. Such data is lacking in patients with documented hypercoagulable states and history of ischemic stroke. Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of peri-operative dalteparin bridge therapy in patients maintained on long-term warfarin undergoing surgical or invasive diagnostic procedures. Twenty one consecutive patients with documented hypercoagulable states (protein C defficiency, protein S defficiency, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome) and a history of ischemic stroke were included in the study. Warfarin was stopped 4 days prior to surgery and was restarted the night of surgery , once hemostasis was achieved, at the pre-operative dose. Dalteparin 100 IU/Kg given subcutaneously every 12 hours was initiated 3 days prior surgery and continued until a therapeutic international normalized ratio was reached after surgery. On the day of surgery, the morning dalteparin dose was held. Data was recorded at the completion of dalteparin therapy and at 3 months of follow-up on recurrent thromboembolic events, and major and minor bleeding events. An economic analysis compared outpatient dalteparin bridge therapy with inpatient intravenous unfractionated heparin therapy. Results: The 21 patients underwent 29 surgical procedures: dental surgery (15), colonoscopy (5), eye surgery (3), vascular surgery (4), surgical biopsies (2). No patients suffered an embolic event during the 3 month follow-up period. There were no major bleeding events, and there were 8 (38%) patients with a minor bleeding event (bruising at injection site). All patients self administered the injections. An average of 6.5 hospital days were avoided per patient. This resulted in cost savings of $3250.00 per patient treated with dalteparin. Conclusion: Dalteparin appears to be a feasible, safe, and cost-effective alternative to inpatient intravenous heparin for peri-procedure bridge anticoagulation therapy in stroke patients.
Collaborative, Co-Located Neurology-Primary Care: Maximizing Value Utilizing Curbside, Electronic, and Traditional Consultations (P3.398)

Objective: Similar to the integration of behavioral health services in primary care, we describe a novel model of collaborative, co-located, neurology care integrated in a community-based, primary care practice setting utilizing curbside, electronic, and traditional consultations. Our objective was to examine the potential impact on healthcare resource utilization of diagnostic testing and referrals for face-to-face neurological consultation, and adverse outcomes associated with electronic and curbside consultations. Background: New, high value models of neurological care are needed to meet the growing burden of neurological disease within the context of a projected shortage of neurologists and health care reimbursement reform. Methods: Consecutive cases from December 1, 2014 to March 13, 2015 were prospectively ascertained and followed by chart review. Results: Over 3.5 months, there were 359 unique patients and 429 consultations generated (179 curbsides, 68 electronic consultations, and 182 face-to-face visits). The median patient age was 53 years (range 7-92 years and predominantly female (59[percnt]) and only 4 patients age < 18. The median time to follow up chart review was 6 months (range 4-8 months). Two cases occurring prior to and after the study period met criteria for an adverse outcome for an adverse outcome rate of < 0.01[percnt] (preventable stroke and delayed diagnosis of brain tumor). The integrated model resulted in averting 78 face-face-consultations, 39 brain MRI, 50 electromyograms (EMG), 24 cervical MRI, 18 non-invasive angiography of the head or neck, and 11 lumbar MRI. Earlier curbside consultation may have prevented unnecessary testing or face to face consultation in 22[percnt] of patients. Earlier face-to-face consultation may have avoided expensive testing in 17[percnt] of patients. Conclusions: The model of collaborative, co-located neurology care in a primary care practice setting offers a promising intervention to deliver high value, community-based neurology care. Disclosure: Dr. Young has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elrashidi has nothing to disclose.
Heading out: a history of American camping

Heading out, we have a direction or a bearing, but our precise itinerary may not be known. We’re going somewhere else. Heading out to camp adds purpose and even destination, but the underlying prin...
A comparison of cataloged variation between International HapMap Consortium and 1000 Genomes Project data

Background: Since publication of the human genome in 2003, geneticists have been interested in risk variant associations to resolve the etiology of traits and complex diseases. The International HapMap Consortium undertook an effort to catalog all common variation across the genome (variants with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of at least 5% in one or more ethnic groups). HapMap along with advances in genotyping technology led to genome-wide association studies which have identified common variants associated with many traits and diseases. In 2008 the 1000 Genomes Project aimed to sequence 2500 individuals and identify rare variants and 99% of variants with a MAF of <1%. Methods: To determine whether the 1000 Genomes Project includes all the variants in HapMap, we examined the overlap between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in the two resources using merged phase II/III HapMap data and low coverage pilot data from 1000 Genomes. Results: Comparison of the two data sets showed that approximately 72% of HapMap SNPs were also found in 1000 Genomes Project pilot data. After filtering out HapMap variants with a MAF of <5% (separately for each population), 99% of HapMap SNPs were found in 1000 Genomes data. Conclusions: Not all variants cataloged in HapMap are also cataloged in 1000 Genomes. This could affect decisions about which resource to use for SNP queries, rare variant validation, or imputation. Both the HapMap and 1000 Genomes Project databases are useful resources for human genetics, but it is important to understand the assumptions made and filtering strategies employed by these projects.
Compensatory growth and carcass quality in growth-restricted and refed beef steers.

Beef steers were fed in two phases 1) to determine the relative importance of changes in DMI, gastrointestinal tract fill, energy expenditures, and composition of gain in the compensatory growth phenomenon, 2) to compare the effects of growth restriction due to ad libitum consumption of a low-energy (low-concentrate) diet to those of limited intake of a high-energy (high-concentrate) feed, and 3) to examine changes in carcass composition and quality resulting from different types of growth restriction. During the growing phase (237 to 327 kg), steers were fed either a high- (C) of low- (F) concentrate diet. Diet F was available for ad libitum consumption (FA) and diet C was available either for ad libitum consumption (CA) or on a limited basis (CL) to match the live weight gains by the FA group. During the finishing phase (327 to 481 kg), all steers received diet C, either for ad libitum consumption (CA) or restricted (CL) to 70% of the intake by the corresponding CA steers. Backfat thickness was markedly reduced (P < .001) by final feed restriction (7.4 and 6.9 mm for CL-CL and FA-CL respectively), compared with CA-CA (12.6 mm). Backfat also was lower in CL-CA (11.6 mm, P < .10) and FA-CA (9.9 mm, P < .05) than in CA-CA steers. Conversely, marbling scores were similar among groups, except for the FA-CL steers, which had lower marbling scores than FA-CA and CL-CA steers (P < .05). Higher DMI following growth restriction were accompanied by increased rates of live weight (+54 and +27%) and empty body weight (EBW; +57 and +43%) gain for CL-CA and FA-CA steers, respectively, compared with CA-CA steers. Gain:feed (EBW basis) were improved in some restricted/refed groups (+30, +13, and +10%, for Cl-CA, CL-CM respectively CA-CA. Increased DMI played a major role in the compensatory gain response in both CL-CA and FA-CA groups. Maintenance requirement was reduced (-17%) in CL-CA and increased in the FA-CA group (+21%); both changes affected the magnitude of compensatory gain in those animals. In contrast, composition of gain had little or no effect on the compensatory gain response. Programmed feeding can be used to manipulate carcass quality, but low-concentrate feeding during the growing phase may impair overall feedlot performance.