cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Assessments of Health and Mortality among Older Persons Do Questions Other than Global Self-Rated Health Predict Mortality?

Although several studies show an association between self-rated health and mortality among older persons, most have used only a single question to assess self-rated health. The present research used the 1984-1990 Longitudinal Study of Aging to examine whether self-ratings other than the traditional, National Health Interview Survey-type global self-assessment make independent contributions to predicting mortality. Four health assessments were selected in addition to the global rating (Activity Compared to Age Peers, Control over Future Health, Taking Care of One's Health, and Worry Due to Health in the past year). All five self-assessments, along with a composite measure, had bivariate associations with higher mortality as ratings became less favorable. However, only Activity Compared to Peers retained an association with mortality even with Global Self-Rated Health in the model. Subjective assessments based on peer comparison may be important additions to research in this area.
Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on remodeling in clinical trials

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a cornerstone of therapy for heart failure. Large-scale clinical trials show that ACE inhibitors reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients and myocardial infarction (MI) survivors with left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiac remodeling is the term used to describe a series of prototypic changes in cardiac structure that occur in response to injury or prolonged increase in cardiac load. These changes include an increase in chamber volumes and muscle mass and changes in the configuration of the left ventricle. Remodeling results in a deterioration in cardiac function and plays a major role in the progression of heart failure. Although the ACE inhibitors have numerous effects that might be beneficial in heart failure patients, there is substantial evidence that their ability to inhibit cardiac remodeling is directly associated with a favorable impact on the clinical course. This article reviews evidence directly relating the administration of ACE inhibitors with an inhibition of structural remodeling of the heart in heart failure and post-MI patients.
Instability of the Kolmogorov flow in a soap film.

We examine the instability of a soap film flow driven by a time-independent force that is spatially periodic in the direction perpendicular to the forcing (Kolmogorov flow). Linear stability analysis of an idealized model of this flow predicts a critical Reynolds number ${R}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}\sqrt{2}$. In our soap film experiment, we find a critical value ${R}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}70$. This discrepancy can be ascribed to frictional effects from viscous coupling of gas to the film, which is neglected in the idealized model. The kinematic viscosity of the surrounding gas and the thickness of gas layers on each side of the soap film are varied in the experiments to better understand these frictional effects. Our observations indicate that flow in the soap film cannot be decoupled from flow in the surrounding gas.
Piloting a Psycho-Social Intervention for Incarcerated Women With Trauma Histories Lessons Learned and Future Recommendations

Trauma and related mental health disorders are common among incarcerated women, but empirically sound mental health interventions are lacking in prisons. Implementing such interventions is fraught with legal and logistical barriers. These barriers can be particularly detrimental for trauma-specific interventions given the unique needs of trauma survivors, yet there is little documentation of these issues or how to address them. This study describes a pilot study of an 8-week, strengths-based, trauma-focused intervention for 26 incarcerated women. Women reported considerable mental health problems and trauma. The study highlights the importance of adapting stringent research methodologies for prison-based trauma interventions. For instance, women with trauma were reluctant to participate in an intervention advertised as trauma-based. Moreover, a randomized wait list control design was unfeasible because women wanted the support of their friends when discussing trauma and could not control their schedules 9...
Video networking of cardiac catheterization laboratories

A video telecommunication network was established to transmit coronary images between a cardiac catheterization laboratory and a remote core laboratory. In 40 patients during interventional procedures, cine angiograms, live fluoroscopy, intravascular ultrasound studies, and images of the cath lab were transmitted in real time over a T1 line at 768 kbits/second at 15 frames/second. Results: Measurements of angiographic and intravascular ultrasound parameters were very close between the original studies and the transmitted images. The telecommunication link up during the interventional procedures had a significant affect in 58% of cases.
Improving compute node performance using virtualization

Modified variants of Linux are likely to be the underlying operating systems (OSs) for future exascale platforms. Despite the many advantages of this approach, a subset of applications exist in which a lightweight kernel (LWK)-based OS is needed and/or preferred. We contend that virtualization is capable of supporting LWKs as virtual machines (VMs) running at scale on top of a Linux environment. Furthermore, we claim that a properly designed virtual machine monitor (VMM) can provide an isolated and independent environment that avoids the overheads of the Linux host OS. To validate the feasibility of this approach we demonstrate that given a Linux host OS, benchmarks running in a virtualized LWK environment are capable of outperforming the same benchmarks executed directly on the Linux host.
A practical standard procedure for contamination measurements on wafer surfaces: experimental verification

The SEMI E14-90 Standard defines a method for calibrating surface contamination measurement tools based on polystyrene latex spheres and sampling statistics, background noise measurement, data analysis, and decision criteria. It is pointed out that the standard will be practical only if two different measurement tools, calibrated according to the defined procedure, give similar results on wafers with particles from process tools. The authors report a series of studies which address this issue. Measurements by two tools made by the same manufacturer but located in different factories are compared: a Tencor Surfscan 5000 at Perkin Elmer in Wilton, CT, and a Tencor Surfscan 4000 at IBM in East Fishkill, NY. Measurements by four tools made by four different manufacturers are also compared: a Tencor Surfscan 4500, an Inspex 20/20, an Esstek 8000, and a PMS SAS 5800. The studies demonstrated that it is possible to make accurate comparisons along several measurement tools, including tools at different facilities, if there is a good room environment and careful wafer handling procedures. >
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Physically-Aware N-Detect Test using Real Silicon

Physically-aware N-detect attempts to improve the detection characteristics of traditional N-detect by exploiting the localized characteristics of defects. Specifically, in addition to detecting each fault N times, we also require that the physical neighborhood surrounding the target change state as well. In this work, the effectiveness of the physically-aware metric is examined using two approaches. First, tester responses from an in-production IBM chip are analyzed to compare the physically-aware N-detect test with other traditional tests that include stuck-at, IDDQ, logic BIST, and delay tests. Second, diagnostic results from LSI chip failures are utilized to directly compare the traditional and physically-aware N-detect metrics. Results from both experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of physically-aware N-detect test in detecting defects in modern industrial designs.
The role of kinesin and other soluble factors in organelle movement along microtubules

Kinesin is a force-generating ATPase that drives the sliding movement of microtubules on glass coverslips and the movement of plastic beads along microtubules. Although kinesin is suspected to participate in microtubule-based organelle transport, the exact role it plays in this process is unclear. To address this question, we have developed a quantitative assay that allows us to determine the ability of soluble factors to promote organelle movement. Salt-washed organelles from squid axoplasm exhibited a nearly undetectable level of movement on purified microtubules. Their frequency of movement could be increased greater than 20-fold by the addition of a high speed axoplasmic supernatant. Immunoadsorption of kinesin from this supernatant decreased the frequency of organelle movement by more than 70%; organelle movements in both directions were markedly reduced. Surprisingly, antibody purified kinesin did not promote organelle movement either by itself or when it was added back to the kinesin-depleted supernatant. This result suggested that other soluble factors necessary for organelle movement were removed along with kinesin during immunoadsorption of the supernatant. A high level of organelle motor activity was recovered in a high salt eluate of the immunoadsorbent that contained only little kinesin. On the basis of these results we propose that organelle movement on microtubules involves other soluble axoplasmic factors in addition to kinesin.
Biglycan, a Vascular Proteoglycan, Binds Differently to HDL2 and HDL3 : Role of ApoE

Abstract—Lipoprotein retention by vascular extracellular matrix proteoglycans is important in atherogenesis. Proteoglycans bind apolipoprotein (apo)B- and apoE-containing lipoproteins. However, the colocalization of apoA-I and apoE with biglycan in atherosclerotic lesions suggests that vascular proteoglycans also may trap high density lipoproteins (HDLs). Because the major HDL subclasses may be atheroprotective to different degrees, we investigated the role of apoE in mediating HDL2 and HDL3 binding to the extracellular vascular proteoglycan, biglycan. ApoE-free HDL2 and HDL3 did not bind to purified [35S]SO4-biglycan, whereas apoE-containing HDL2 and HDL3 (HDL+E) did. The extent of binding correlated positively with the apoE content for both HDL2 and HDL3, although HDL2+E had a 3.5-fold higher affinity than did HDL3+E. ApoE on HDL3 was cleaved into 22- and 12-kDa fragments, whereas apoE on HDL2 remained intact. These results suggest that the cleaved apoE on HDL3 results in diminished biglycan binding of ...
Differentiation of CD3-4-8- human fetal thymocytes in vivo : characterization of a CD3-4+8- intermediate

Human thymocyte differentiation was examined by injecting fetal thymic progenitor populations into human thymic xenografts in SCID-hu mice. Thymic progenitors were fluorescently labeled with the lipophilic dye PKH2. The phenotypes of their progeny could be identified by flow cytometric analysis of cells with a very high fluorescent PKH2 signal. Intrathymic injection of purified triple negative (TN) CD3-4-8- thymocytes resulted in the sequential appearance of CD3-4+8-, CD3-4+8+, and CD3+4+8+ cells, with the subsequent appearance of small numbers of phenotypically mature CD3+4+8- and CD3+4-8+ cells over a 4-d period. Sorted CD3-4+8- thymocytes injected intrathymically rapidly differentiated to CD4+8+ cells. CD4+8+ fetal thymocytes in cell cycle differentiated into phenotypically mature CD3+4+8- and CD3+4-8+ populations, whereas nondividing CD4+8+ cells failed to differentiate after intrathymic transfer. The number of cell divisions that occurred between the injection of TN thymocytes and their progeny at different time points was estimated based on the decrease in the intensity of the PKH2 label. The average length of the cell cycle for the TN population was calculated to be 24 h. The SCID-hu model thus provides a useful tool for studying the kinetics of cell division and differentiation of human thymocytes in vivo.
Zebrafish con/disp1 reveals multiple spatiotemporal requirements for Hedgehog-signaling in craniofacial development

The vertebrate head skeleton is derived largely from cranial neural crest cells (CNCC). Genetic studies in zebrafish and mice have established that the Hedgehog (Hh)-signaling pathway plays a critical role in craniofacial development, partly due to the pathway's role in CNCC development. Disruption of the Hh-signaling pathway in humans can lead to the spectral disorder of Holoprosencephaly (HPE), which is often characterized by a variety of craniofacial defects including midline facial clefting and cyclopia [1, 2]. Previous work has uncovered a role for Hh-signaling in zebrafish dorsal neurocranium patterning and chondrogenesis, however Hh-signaling mutants have not been described with respect to the ventral pharyngeal arch (PA) skeleton. Lipid-modified Hh-ligands require the transmembrane-spanning receptor Dispatched 1 (Disp1) for proper secretion from Hh-synthesizing cells to the extracellular field where they act on target cells. Here we study chameleon mutants, lacking a functional disp1(con/disp1). con/disp1 mutants display reduced and dysmorphic mandibular and hyoid arch cartilages and lack all ceratobranchial cartilage elements. CNCC specification and migration into the PA primorida occurs normally in con/disp1 mutants, however disp1 is necessary for post-migratory CNCC patterning and differentiation. We show that disp1 is required for post-migratory CNCC to become properly patterned within the first arch, while the gene is dispensable for CNCC condensation and patterning in more posterior arches. Upon residing in well-formed pharyngeal epithelium, neural crest condensations in the posterior PA fail to maintain expression of two transcription factors essential for chondrogenesis, sox9a and dlx2a, yet continue to robustly express other neural crest markers. Histology reveals that posterior arch residing-CNCC differentiate into fibrous-connective tissue, rather than becoming chondrocytes. Treatments with Cyclopamine, to inhibit Hh-signaling at different developmental stages, show that Hh-signaling is required during gastrulation for normal patterning of CNCC in the first PA, and then during the late pharyngula stage, to promote CNCC chondrogenesis within the posterior arches. Further, loss of disp1 disrupted normal expression of bapx1 and gdf5, markers of jaw joint patterning, thus resulting in jaw joint defects in con/disp1 mutant animals. This study reveals novel requirements for Hh-signaling in the zebrafish PA skeleton and highlights the functional diversity and differential sensitivity of craniofacial tissues to Hh-signaling throughout the face, a finding that may help to explain the spectrum of human facial phenotypes characteristic of HPE.
Synthesis and Properties of Templated Si-based Nanowires for Electrical Transport

Self-assembled Si nanowires (SiNWs) have been synthesized and characterized as a template for surface metal silicide formation to investigate electron transport at the nanowire surface. Silicon nanowires were directly grown on silicon substrates via the solid-liquid-solid (SLS) growth process. Preliminary synthesis utilized high-temperature processing of a sputtered Au catalyst film on Si (100) and (111) substrates in an oxygen-filtered Ar ambient. SiNW diameter was a roughly monotonic function of the growth time/temperature. The diameters of the SiNW templates ranged from approximately 5 nm to 180 nm. Ni deposition on the SLS SiNWs and post-deposition thermal processing was carried out for silicide formation. Metal-silicide coated nanowires were dispensed on metal-patterned Si wafers for electrical characterization and exhibited an improvement in conductivity of several orders of magnitude.
Design and experimental evaluation of a skin-stretch haptic device for improved control of brain-computer interfaces

Robotic systems, such as prosthetics and exoskeletons, offer people suffering from motor impairments a chance to regain lost physical functionality. However, the neural control that individuals are able to exert over these robots is currently limited. This is due to both lack of control authority in many degrees of freedom and insufficient sensory feedback through the human-robot interface. We propose that haptic feedback is paramount for accurate and efficient control of robots via brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Skin stretch at the fingertip is a novel form of haptic feedback for improving BCI-based robot control. In this paper, we describe the design of a BCI-driven skin-stretch device, assess several control paradigms for this device, and evaluate its effectiveness in a small user study. We show that BCI-based movement-intent classification improved in the presence of skin-stretch feedback for 3 of 4 healthy individuals controlling a computer cursor via an inexpensive, commercial electroencephalography-based (EEG) BCI.
Physiological signals of autistic children can be useful

This article covers the latest research concerning the measurement of physiological signals of children with autism, particularly for the study of changing emotions in various environments. Answers to important questions regarding autistic children's physiological activity are examined, and we will see that within a non-social environment, physiological responses are the same between children with and without autism but different in environments with social contexts. Moreover, physiological signals can be used as a reliable indicator of emotions of children with autism. Also covered are the latest developments in wearable sensor technologies avail- able for measuring on-the-go. I review additional research that identifies body signals in response to stimuli and may help ex- plain core social deficits in children with autism.
Extracurricular activities, athletic participation, and adolescent alcohol use: gender-differentiated and school-contextual effects.

This research investigates the effects of extracurricular activities on alcohol use among male (n = 4,495) and female (n = 5,398) adolescents who participated in the 1990–92 National Education Longitudinal Study. Previous studies have assessed the association between extracurricular activities and alcohol use, but none have explored whether the association depends on the school context. Using a multilevel model, I examine whether school-level factors affect the relationship between involvement in athletic or nonathletic activities and changes in adolescent alcohol use from 1990 to 1992. The results indicate that the negative association between nonathletic activities and alcohol use is stronger among males in low-minority-population schools. Moreover, the positive association between athletic involvement and alcohol use is stronger among females in lower-socioeconomic-status schools and males in higher-socioeconomic-status schools. I propose that these results reflect variation in high school cultures and in the resources available to schools.
Synthesis of dicationic diaryltriazines nucleic acid binding agents.

Summary The syntheses of 2,6-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine 7, 2-[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl]-6-[3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenylJpyridine 8 and 2,6-bis[3-(4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine 9 in five steps from the appropriately substituted bromoacetophenone are described. 3,5-Bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]pyridine 13 is also reported, prepared in four steps from 4-bromophenylacetonitrile. The preparation of 2,5-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl]pyridine 18 from 4-bromoacetophenone in six steps is presented. The dications bind to poly dA·dT in the order 7 > 13 > 18 > 8 > 9; the order of binding to poly A·U is 7 > 13 > 8 > 9; 18 essentially does not bind to the RNA model. Only 7 inhibits topoisomerase II at millimolar concentrations. The dicationic compounds that were tested against Pneumonocystis carinii in the immunosuppressed rat model show only modest activity and are moderately toxic. Some of the compounds demonstrated modest anti-HIV-1 activity and selectivity in primary lymphocytes.
Four Difficult Thyroid Cancer Cases: Incorporating Medical Therapies

At times we encounter clinical problems for which there are no directly applicable evidence-based solutions, but we are compelled by circumstances to act. When doing so we rely on related evidence, general principles of best medical practice, and our experience. Each “Current Clinical Practice” feature article in Seminars in Oncology describes such a challenging presentation and offers treatment approaches from selected specialists. We invite readers' comments and questions, which, with your approval, will be published in subsequent issues of the Journal. It is hoped that sharing our views and experiences will better inform our management decisions when we next encounter similar challenging patients. Please send your comments on the articles, your challenging cases, and your treatment successes to me at dr.gjmor ris@gmail.com. I look forward to a lively discussion. Gloria J. Morris, MD, PhD Current Clinical Practice Feature Editor
Students' Reactions to Course Policy Decisions.

Classroom management involves managing students’ requests for course policy changes. Instructors can adhere to the course policies or convey flexibility through making an exception for the student. The current study empirically examines students’ emotional reactions (hostility, guilt, and surprise) and fairness perceptions to course policy decisions. In Study 1 (N = 162), students had negative emotional reactions, but increased procedural fairness perceptions, to policy adherence. Study 2 (N = 341) examined the effects of the instructor’s interpersonal warmth and gender. Study 2 largely replicated the results of Study 1. Although the instructor’s gender had no effect, interpersonal warmth had a main effect on interactional fairness perceptions. Instructors can use policy adherence and interpersonal warmth to promote fairness perceptions.
Comparing SILAC- and Stable Isotope Dimethyl-Labeling Approaches for Quantitative Proteomics

Stable isotope labeling is widely used to encode and quantify proteins in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. We compared metabolic labeling with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and chemical labeling by stable isotope dimethyl labeling and find that they have comparable accuracy and quantitative dynamic range in unfractionated proteome analyses and affinity pull-down experiments. Analyzing SILAC- and dimethyl-labeled samples together in single liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric analyses minimizes differences under analytical conditions, allowing comparisons of quantitative errors introduced during sample processing. We find that SILAC is more reproducible than dimethyl labeling. Because proteins from metabolically labeled populations can be combined before proteolytic digestion, SILAC is particularly suited to studies with extensive sample processing, such as fractionation and enrichment of peptides with post-translational modifications. We compared both methods in pul...
Fluorometric Assay of Antithrombin III: Diagnostic Value in 112 Patients with Abnormal Hemostasis

The authors assessed the diagnostic value of the plasma anti-thrombin III (AT III) assay in 112 adult hospitalized patients with abnormal hemostatic parameters, using the Protopath procedure. In 100 patients tested only once, low AT III was observed in 25 of 29 cases of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); 7 of 10 with infections; 8 of 11 with acute liver disease; 19 of 20 with chronic liver disease; and 16 of 30 with other illnesses. The authors conclude that the assay cannot distinguish among disease categories, although it is a sensitive index of DIC. AT III was also repeatedly measured at various time intervals in 12 additional patients. The results suggest enhancement of the diagnostic and prognostic value of the assay with serial testing.
Two New repleta Group Species of the Genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Venezuela

Drosophila starmeri. n. sp., and D. uniseta, n. sp., from Venezuela are described. They are closely related to D. martensis Wasserman & Wilson, tbe only other mulleri complex species of the repleta group known to be endemic to South America. Genetic tests indicate that the 3 species are reproductively isolated from one another. The salivary gland chromosomes are described and used for determination of the relationships among the 3 species.
Why Has It Taken So Long to Address the Problems Created by Uranium Mining in the Navajo Nation

Following the start of uranium mining after World War II, progress toward addressing the hazards it created for workers and nearby communities was slow, taking many decades. This essay asks why it took so long and suggests several factors that might have contributed.
“The Struggle for Land and Liberty”: Segregation, Violence, and African American Resistance in Baltimore, 1898-1918:

Beginning in the late 1890s, battles erupted along Baltimore’s racial frontiers as African Americans moved into predominately white neighborhoods. This article analyzes the fight to impose resident...
Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Nanhai district in Foshan during 2004—2010 and discussion on the strategies of its control

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Nanhai District during 2004-2010,and to provide a scientific basis for strategy development of measles elimination.The data of measles in Nanhai district from 2004-2010 were analyzed with epidemiological method A total of 1 376 confirmed measles cases were reported in Nanhai district from 2004 to 2010 with annual average morbidity of 9.24/105.The epidemic peak appeared from march to august,but in recent years,with the measles prevention and control measures implemented,measles seasonal characteristics has not been obvious.Measles mainly occurred among the children under 5 years old,the cases among them accounted for 55.7% of the total cases.More cases occurred 1 year age group and ≥15 years age group in recent years,the cases among the two groups accounted for 62.8% of the total cases;The cases without immune history or with unknown immune history accounted for 92.2% of the total cases.Age distribution of measles cases in Nanhai district has gradually presented "two-way displacement" phenomenon.To strengthen the management of immune programming in key crowd and key areas and increase the measles vaccination rate,is the effective measures to reduce measles cases.Mean while,the timely supplementary immunization activities is the important strategies and measures on measles elimination.
Mitigating the power imbalance in supervisee/supervisor co-leadership teams.

(1996). Mitigating the Power Imbalance in Supervisee/Supervisor Co-Leadership Teams. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 137-139.
Families of Dynamical Systems

Most of our work in previous chapters has focused on a single rational map φ(z) and the effect its iterates have on different initial values. We now shift focus and consider the effect of varying the rational map φ(z). In order to do this, we study the set of all rational maps. This set turns out to have a natural structure as an algebraic variety, as does the set of rational maps modulo the equivalence relation defined by PGL2 conjugation. There are many threads to this story. The specific topics that we touch upon in this chapter include: 1. Dynatomic polynomials and fields generated by periodic points. 2. The space of quadratic polynomials (the simplest nontrivial case). 3. Rational maps that are PGL2-equivalent over \(\bar K\), but not over K (twists). 4. Field of defintion versus field of moduli for rational maps. 5. Minimal models for rational maps. 6. Moduli spaces of rational maps (with marked periodic points).
“I Am a Dog”: Orhan Pamuk and the Mongrelization of Fiction

The Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk won the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature for his representation of the interweaving cultures that make up the soul of Istanbul. A vital essence of the cultures that he represents in his novels and nonfiction are stray dogs. Strays not only represent and are part of the melancholic soul of Istanbul; they are often the companions of the characters who inhabit the city. By populating the pages of his writing with strays, Pamuk “mongrelizes” his fiction. Under the pen of Pamuk, fiction, already a motley, polyglot, and variegated genre, becomes mongrelized through the presence of these companion animals. This essay first explores the multiple forms of companionship between the human and canine characters in three of his contemporary novels, Silent House, The Black Book, and The Museum of Innocence. The second section, “I am a dog,” addresses Pamuk’s interest in the real strays who roam the streets of Istanbul, and his own personal relationship with them, past and present. As creatures with whom we have relationships, dogs inhabit our memories as well as our lives, and Pamuk explores this relationship in his nonfiction writing. Mongrelization takes place within the landscape of human memories. Finally, in the third section, this essay considers an important part of mongrelization for Pamuk: it is a form of politics, one that resists the narrow-minded fetishization of purity and singularity represented by the Ottoman clerics as they are portrayed in Pamuk’s Neo-Ottoman novel My Name Is Red.
Evaluating the consequences of salmon nutrients for riparian organisms: Linking condition metrics to stable isotopes

Stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) have been used extensively to trace nutrients from Pacific salmon, but salmon transfer more than carbon and nitrogen to stream ecosystems, such as phosphorus, minerals, proteins, and lipids. To examine the importance of these nutrients, metrics other than isotopes need to be considered, particularly when so few studies have made direct links between these nutrients and how they affect riparian organisms. Our study specifically examined δ13C and δ15N of riparian organisms from salmon and non-salmon streams in Idaho, USA, at different distances from the streams, and examined whether the quality of riparian plants and the body condition of invertebrates varied with access to these nutrients. Overall, quality and condition metrics did not mirror stable isotope patterns. Most notably, all riparian organisms exhibited elevated δ15N in salmon streams, but also with proximity to both stream types suggesting that both salmon and landscape factors may affect δ15N. The amount of nitrogen incorporated from Pacific salmon was low for all organisms (<20%) and did not correlate with measures of quality or condition, probably due to elevated δ15N at salmon streams reflecting historical salmon runs instead of current contributions. Salmon runs in these Idaho streams have been declining, and associated riparian ecosystems have probably seen about a 90% reduction in salmon-derived nitrogen since the 1950s. In addition, our results support those of other studies that have cautioned that inferences from natural abundance isotope data, particularly in conjunction with mixing models for salmon-derived nutrient percentage estimates, may be confounded by biogeochemical transformations of nitrogen, physiological processes, and even historical legacies of nitrogen sources. Critically, studies should move beyond simply describing isotopic patterns to focusing on the consequences of salmon-derived nutrients by quantifying the condition and fitness of organisms putatively using those resources.
The moderating roles of follower conscientiousness and agreeableness on the relationship between peer transparency and follower transparency.

Transparency is an underpinning of workplace ethics. However, most of the existing research has focused on the relationship between leader transparency and its consequences. Drawing on social and self-regulation theory research, we examine the antecedents of followers’ transparency. Specifically, we propose that followers have higher levels of transparency when they are working with peers who have a high level of transparency. We further suggest that followers’ conscientiousness and agreeableness moderate the relationship between peer transparency and followers’ transparency. Using a time-lagged design, we provide support for the proposed theoretical model. We found that follower conscientiousness substitutes the social regulation effect (embodied in the relationship between peer and follower transparency), while follower agreeableness enhances this social regulation effect. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed.
Identification of Ore Hardness Disturbances in a Grinding Circuit Using a Kalman Filter

Abstract A procedure is described for the identification of hardness disturbances in a closed circuit grinding operation based on particle size and circulating load measurements using an Extended Kalman filter. A simplified on-line moael is obtained from a detailed phenomenological circuit description. The procedure is tested computationally using a dynamic simulator parameterized with data obtained in a 0.5 tph computer controlled pilot circuit. Results are discussed in terms of the potential usefulness of the procedure for implementing optimal control strategies.
Pediatric Vascular Neurology and Syndromes

Stroke syndromes are constellations of signs and symptoms that result from cerebral injury in a specific vascular territory. Localization of a set of deficits requires a thorough understanding of cerebrovascular anatomy and is essential to proceed with further evaluation and management. Cerebrovascular pathology can be broadly localized to the anterior cerebral circulation, the posterior cerebral circulation, or the spinal cord. In general, anterior circulation pathology can present with hemiparesis, hemisensory changes, visual field cuts, and cortical signs. Posterior circulation strokes may instead present with nausea, vomiting, decreased consciousness, cranial neuropathies, visual field cuts, vertigo, ataxia, and crossed sensorimotor deficits. Depending on the artery affected, spinal cord strokes can present with motor and/or sensory deficits below the level of the lesion. Though data in children is limited due to the rarity of childhood stroke, pediatric vascular neurology is a growing field. There is emerging evidence that the presentation of stroke is age-dependent, with diffuse neurologic signs, such as seizures or altered mental status, being more common clinical manifestations of stroke in children than in adults and often the only sign of stroke in neonates. Understanding the presentation of stroke in the pediatric population is critical to being able to rapidly recognize appropriately manage these children.
Jury-Eligible Public Attitudes Toward Biological Risk Factors for the Development of Criminal Behavior and Implications for Capital Sentencing

This experiment, utilizing a sample of death-qualified jury-eligible public, examines if and how evidence on biological risk factors for criminality might affect views on the death penalty in four contexts: death penalty support, mitigation, future dangerousness, and cruel and unusual punishment. Results suggest that the presentation of evidence on biological risk factors generally, regardless of the specific risk factor, may not affect views on whether or not the use of the death penalty is appropriate. The presentation of biological risk factor evidence does not appear to be viewed by as strongly mitigating, but biological risk factors generally do have a small, yet statistically significant, impact on perceptions of moral responsibility. The presentation of evidence on certain biological risk factors also may aggravate views of future dangerousness, which could potentially increase the likelihood that the death penalty is supported. Implications of these attitudes for the criminal justice system are di...
Valuing the Lives and Experiences of English Learners: Widening the Landscape of Children's Literature

This article explores the current landscape of children's picture books in terms of the diversity represented, how having a range of diverse populations authentically depicted in picture books impacts culturally and linguistically diverse students, the importance for teachers to seek out culturally relevant literature, and ways that ideologies of literacy transmitted through picture books impact English learners' (ELs') academic success. The authors suggest that books must offer ELs authentic views of all cultures represented in schools and discuss culturally relevant literature and its uses in the classroom. The article presents three pedagogical lenses teachers can explore and incorporate into their curricula to build on their ELs' cultural capital in the classroom: multicultural, multilingual, and strategic. Specific curricular ideas, including pre-, during-, and postreading strategies, are included as are lists of suggested titles for classroom use.
Engineering Design Skills Coverage in K-12 Engineering Program Curriculum Materials in the USA.

The current K-12 Science Education framework and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in the United States emphasise the integration of engineering design in science instruction to promote scientific literacy and engineering design skills among students. As such, many engineering education programmes have developed curriculum materials that are being used in K-12 settings. However, little is known about the nature and extent to which engineering design skills outlined in NGSS are addressed in these K-12 engineering education programme curriculum materials. We analysed nine K-12 engineering education programmes for the nature and extent of engineering design skills coverage. Results show that developing possible solutions and actual designing of prototypes were the highly covered engineering design skills; specification of clear goals, criteria, and constraints received medium coverage; defining and identifying an engineering problem; optimising the design solution; and demonstrating how a prot...
Educational Leadership During Times of Armed Conflict: Thailand’s Lessons for Somalia

In this theoretical paper, the authors present the results of a collaborative effort to construct a teaching case centered on the challenges of educational leadership in the context of regions affected by the Somali insurgency. Noting a paucity of research in educational leadership for institutions situated in conflict zones, the authors present findings from prior research on educational leadership conducted in the restive southern provinces of Thailand that have the potential to be successfully applied in the similar context of post-conflict Somalia. The authors posit that comparative social policy methodology might be successful in identifying common challenges educational leaders in conflict zones around the world face, and leadership strategies that address those challenges.
Regenerative medicine: a vehicle to infuse laboratory-bench modules into an exercise physiology curriculum.

Regenerative medicine is a novel discipline that both excites undergraduates and may be used as a vehicle to expose students to scientific concepts and opportunities. The goal of this article is to...
State space parameterization of explosive eigenvalues during autoignition

Abstract Explosive modes such as ignition and extinction are characterized by an eigenvalue of the chemical Jacobian matrix with positive real part, representing the transient instability of chain-branching chemistry and thermal feedback. Formation and eigen-decomposition of the Jacobian matrix are expensive operations whose cost increases cubically with chemical mechanism size. As an alternative to directly computing the eigenvalues of the Jacobian, we explore principal component analysis (PCA) along with nonlinear regression as a methodology to parameterize the eigenvalues by state variables (or linear combinations thereof). We evaluate this modeling strategy using homogeneous autoignition data on two different applications: pseudotransient continuation (Ψtc)-based ODE solvers and chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA). Results indicate that the PCA-based parameterization of the eigenvalues appears feasible for Ψtc solvers in autoignition calculations over a range of temperatures and pressures. Our results also show that eigenvalue models are capable of tracking sharp discontinuities (such as ignition or extinction) in the eigenvalue for computational flame diagnostics such as CEMA.
Solving Crossword Puzzles via the Google API.

The Google API enables software agents to query and use search results from the large collections of data available via the ever-popular Google search engine. Web searches using Google are exposed to over 4 billion pages, many of which are cached within Google. While the Google API may be used to produce customized user interfaces to Google, the API also provides direct programmatic access to the subset of the Web covered by Google. In this paper, we present a fresh approach to solving crossword puzzles by making use of the Google API. Our system, the Google CruciVerbalist (GCV), reads XML-encodend crossword puzzles, derives answers to clues via the Google API, and uses a refined depth-first search algorithm to populate the crossword grid. GCV has successfully solved smaller puzzles, especially ones containing pop-culture and fill-in-the-blank types of clues. Based on this ongoing work, limitations of current search technologies are identified. To overcome these limitations, we look ahead to semantic queries via the emerging Semantic Web, including techniques using RDF that augment the Google search engine with semantic information, enabling semantically rich queries beyond the current capabilities of Google.
Transgenic Mouse Models of Cardiovascular Function and Disease

Transgenic mouse technology, coupled with cardiac-specific promoters and complex measurements of murine myocardial function and hemodynamics, have played an important role in expanding our knowledge regarding adrenergic receptors and downstream components of their signal transduction cascade in both normal and diseased heart function. Herein we discuss the results and implications of overexpression or ablation of several adrenergic receptors and/or downstream effectors in their G protein signaling pathway to further delineate their potential roles in both normal and diseased heart function. Finally, we discuss a number of mouse models of heart failure, and how they can act as important “in vivo reaction vessels” to identify and test specific genes/hypotheses which may lead to novel therapeutics for heart disease.
Discontinuous Galerkin Model of Cellular Electroporation

Electroporation (EP) is a phenomenon involving both nonlinear biophysical processes and complex geometries. When exposed to strong electric fields, the formation of pores within a cell membrane increases the membrane permeability. Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element methods can directly enforce these flux jumps across the thin cell membrane interface. We implement a DG finite element method to model the electric field, pore formation, and transmembrane flux of charged solutes during EP. Our model is readily extensible for parallel computation on high performance clusters and agrees with previous reports.
Calcium entry does not drive fast mechanotransduction adaptation in cochlear hair cells

Abstract Sound detection in auditory sensory hair cells depends on the deflection of the stereocilia hair bundle, which opens mechano-electric transduction (MET) channels. Adaptation is hypothesized to be a critical property of MET that contributes to the wide dynamic range and sharp frequency selectivity of the auditory system. Historically, adaptation was hypothesized to have multiple mechanisms, all of which require calcium entry through MET channels. Our recent work using a stiff probe to displace hair bundles showed that the fastest adaptation mechanism (fast adaptation) does not require calcium entry. Using a fluid-jet stimulus, others obtained data showing only a calcium-dependent fast adaptation response. Here, we identified the source of this discrepancy. Because the hair cell response to a hair bundle stimulus depends critically on the magnitude and time course of the hair bundle deflection, we developed a high-speed imaging technique to quantify this deflection. The fluid jet delivers a force stimulus, and step-like force stimuli lead to a complex time course of hair bundle displacement (mechanical creep), which affects the hair cell’s macroscopic MET current response by masking the time course of the fast adaptation response. Modifying the fluid-jet stimulus to generate a step-like hair bundle displacement produced rapidly adapting currents that did not depend on membrane potential. This indicated that fast adaptation does not depend on calcium entry. We also confirmed the presence of a calcium-dependent slow adaptation process. These results confirm the existence of multiple adaptation processes: a fast adaptation that is not driven by calcium entry and a slower calcium-dependent process. Significance Statement Mechanotransduction by sensory hair cells represents a key first step for the sound sensing ability in vertebrates. The sharp frequency tuning and wide dynamic range of sound sensation are hypothesized to require a mechanotransduction adaptation mechanism. For decades, it had been accepted that all adaptation mechanisms require calcium entry into hair cells. However, more recent work indicated that the apparent calcium dependence of the fastest adaptation differs with the method of cochlear hair cell stimulation. Here, we reconcile existing data and show that calcium entry does not drive the fastest adaptation process, independent of the stimulation method.
Researching at the community-university borderlands: using public science to study policing in the South Bronx

This article is a case study of the Morris Justice Project (MJP), a participatory action research (PAR) study in a South Bronx neighborhood of New York City (NYC) designed to understand residents’ experiences with and attitudes towards the New York Police Department (NYPD). An illustration of public science, the research was conducted in solidarity with an emerging police reform movement and in response to an ongoing and particularly aggressive set of policing policies that most heavily impacts poor communities and communities of color. The case study describes a set of ongoing participatory, research-action, “sidewalk science” strategies, developed in 42 square blocks of the South Bronx, designed to better understand and challenge the ongoing structural violence of the carceral state. Collaboratively written with members of the Morris Justice collective, we tell our story across three sections that outline the genesis of the project, describe our major commitments, and offers PAR and public science as a possible “intervention” in traditional university practice.
Bilanz: Was nützt und warum es nützt

Was sollen Texte in der Finanzwelt leisten, was leisten sie tatsachlich, und wie lasst sich diese Leistung solide verbessern? – Darum ging es in diesem Buch. Dabei wurde zuerst theoretisch, also aus Distanz und mit umfassendem Blick, der Kontext abgesteckt, in dem sich Finanzkommunikation abspielt und funktioniert oder eben nicht (Teil I). Was bestimmte Produkte der Finanzkommunikation in dieser Umwelt leisten, wurde dann aus nachster Nahe untersucht und gemessen (Teil II). So konnte schlieslich empirisch fundiert dargelegt werden, was einzelnen Schreibenden und ganzen Organisationen hilft, mit weniger Aufwand passendere Kommunikationsangebote herzustellen (Teil III).
CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF MARFAN PATIENTS WITH NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disease with aortic dissection (AoD) and aneurysms. Limited data exist about MFS patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Study objectives were to describe the prevalence, characteristics and outcomes of MFS patients with NICM. Patients with