cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practical implications of the geometrical sensitivity of elastic dislocation models for field geologic surveys

Geodetic observations of both coseismic and interseismic surface deformation fields in the vicinity of subduction zones are frequently interpreted using simple elastic dislocation models (EDMs). The geometry of the megathrust interface used in these models has a first order effect on their predicted surface deformation. Here, we systematically explore the sensitivity of the surface velocity field predicted by EDMs both early and late in the seismic cycle, to parameterizations of megathrust interface geometry, effective subducting plate thickness, and gradual transitions in apparent plate coupling. We focus on how these parameterizations affect the hingeline – the location where vertical velocities switch from subsidence to uplift – as well as the location of the peak uplift rates. We find that these surface observables are much less sensitive to uncertainties in dip at the downdip end of the seismogenic zone for realistic curved faults in comparison to planar faults. For realistic megathrust geometries (planar or curved) having gradual transitions in apparent plate coupling, we find that the extent of locking is best approximated at the surface by the location of peak uplift rates. Therefore, the common notion – based on shallow-dipping planar faults – that the hingeline is located directly above the maximum depth extent of the locked plate interface is generally incorrect. Using the hingeline as the basis for coupling may lead to a significant underestimation of seismic hazard early in the cycle, as well as during the interseismic period. This analysis also demonstrates the importance of considering both vertical and horizontal velocities for determining seismic source extents, as well as interseismic coupling, on the megathrust. The tradeoffs presented here between the geometry of the megathrust and fault coupling along its surface can assist in the planning of campaign-GPS or field geologic surveys, and help improve seismic hazard estimates in active subduction zones.
Cycles to recycle: garbage collection to the IA-64

The IA-64, Intel's 64-bit instruction set architecture, exhibits a number of interesting architectural features. Here we consider those features as they relate to supporting garbage collection (GC). We aim to assist GC and compiler implementors by describing how one may exploit features of the IA-64. Along the way, we record some previously unpublished object scanning techniques, and offer novel ones for object allocation (suggesting some simple operating system support that would simplify it) and the Java “jsr problem”. We also discuss ordering of memory accesses and how the IA-64 can achieve publication safety efficiently. While our focus is not on any particular GC implementation or programming language, we draw on our experience designing and implementing GC for the Intel Java Virtual Machine for the IA-64.
Large-scale array of small high-Q microdisk resonators for onchip spectral analysis

We demonstrate on-chip, large-scale arrays of small high-Q microdisk resonators, suitable for both in-plane coupling and out-of-plane (imaging) spectral analysis devices with high resolution (linewidth ≪ 50pm to 0.5nm), and large FSR (≫ 50nm).
Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress

Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters many functions of the endothelium, including modulation of vasomotor tone. Inactivation of nitric oxide (NO(.)) by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to occur in conditions such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Loss of NO(.) associated with these traditional risk factors may in part explain why they predispose to atherosclerosis. Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing ROS, xanthine oxidase, NADH/NADPH oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been extensively studied in vascular cells. As the role of these various enzyme sources of ROS become clear, it will perhaps be possible to use more specific therapies to prevent their production and ultimately correct endothelial dysfunction.
Automatically mapping code on an intelligent memory architecture

This paper presents an algorithm to automatically map code on a generic intelligent memory system that consists of a host processor and a simpler memory processor. To achieve high performance with this type of architecture, code needs to be partitioned and scheduled such that each section is assigned to the processor on which it runs most efficiently. In addition, the two processors should overlap their execution as much as possible. With our algorithm, applications are mapped fully automatically using both static and dynamic information. Using a set of standard applications and a simulated architecture, we show average speedups of 1.7 for numerical applications and 1.3 for nonnumerical applications over a single host with plain memory. The speedups are very close and often higher than ideal speedups on a more expensive multiprocessor system composed of two identical host processors. Our work shows that heterogeneity can be cost-effectively exploited and represents one step toward effectively mapping code on intelligent memory systems.
Differential expression of type X collagen in a mechanically active 3-D chondrocyte culture system: a quantitative study.

Objective Mechanical loading of cartilage influences chondrocyte metabolism and gene expression. The gene encoding type X collagen is expressed specifically by hypertrophic chondrocytes and up regulated during osteoarthritis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the mechanical microenvironment resulting from higher levels of local strain in a three dimensional cell culture construct would lead to an increase in the expression of type X collagen mRNA by chondrocytes in those areas.
How To Assess The Acceptability And Credibility Of Simulation Results

The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive life cycle of a simulation study and guide the simulationist in conducting 10 processes, 10 phases, and 13 credibility assessment stages of the life cycle. The guidelines assist the simulation practitioners in: formulating the problem; investigating solution techniques and the system under study; formulating, representing, and programming the simulation model; designing experiments; experimenting; redefining the model; and presenting the simulation results. The guidelines also assist the practitioners in: formulated problem verification, feasibility assessment of simulation, system and objectives definition verification, model qualification, communicative model verification, programmed model verification, experiment design verification, data validation, model validation, and presentation verification. The practitioners can follow the guidelines presented herein and significantly increase their chance of being successful in conducting a simulation study.
Seedless Velocimetry in Air by Vibrational Excitation and by Laser-Induced Ionization

Measurement of turbulent velocities in air flows requires high temporal and spatial selectivity. The Raman Excitation + Laser-Induced Fluorescence (RELIEF) flow tagging concept is capable of resolving turbulent structures down to 25 microns with velocity resolution on the order of 1 meter per second. With that capability, vortex filaments can be detected at scales as small as twice the Kolmogoroff scale and accurate velocity structure function scaling can be determined. For further capabilities, including the simultaneous measurement of point vector velocities, Quadrature Radar REMPI is proposed. In this case, the flow is tagged by a small laser-induced breakdown, and the motion of that breakdown region is followed using coherent microwave scattering from the free electrons contained within the region. The phase of the microwave scattering is followed in real time using quadrature detection, providing a polar plot of velocity as a function of time for each sampling event as the scattering region moves through a virtual microwave interference pattern.
The power grid AGC frequency bias coefficient online identification method based on wide area information

This paper propose online identification method of regional frequency deviation coefficient based on the analysis of interconnected grid AGC adjustment response mechanism of regional frequency deviation coefficient and the generator online real-time operation state by measured data through PMU, analyze the optimization method of regional frequency deviation coefficient in case of the actual operation state of the power system and achieve a more accurate and efficient automatic generation control in power system. Verify the validity of the online identification method of regional frequency deviation coefficient by establishing the long-term frequency control simulation model of two-regional interconnected power system.
A Longitudinal Study of Psychosocial Adjustment and Community Reintegration among Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone.

The phenomenon of children associated with armed forces and armed groups is an issue of increasing global concern. The forceful conscription of children (both boys and girls) into armed forces has been documented in at least 86 countries (Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers 2008). Available research suggests that these children may face heightened risk for psychological and social problems (Wessells 2009; Blattman and Annan in press). However, there is little evidence about the long-term effects of child soldiers' wartime experiences. In 2002, a collaboration between the Harvard School of Public Health and the International Rescue Committee (IRC) led to the launch of a longitudinal study of war-affected youth in Sierra Leone. The study was designed to identify risk and protective factors in psychosocial adjustment and social reintegration. The research was informed by an ecological approach to child health and well-being which examines the interaction of influences at the individual, familial, peer, community and cultural/collective level (Bronfenbrenner 1979; Betancourt and Khan 2008). The study was also shaped by contemporary theory and research related to resilience in the mental health and development of children and families in adversity.
Recovering software architecture from multiple source code analyses

We describe the experiences we have had in using ManSART - a software architecture recovery tool that we developed and are employing in the analysis of large scale legacy software systems. ManSART uses a battery of standard data flow, control flow, and program slicing capabilities to automatically recover architectural features from source code. This source code analysis is enabled by representations called analysis. Analysis modules describe the interfaces of each component in a multiple component system. ManSART uses these modules to focus source code analysis and to store the results.
Disasters, women's health, and conservative society: working in Pakistan with the Turkish Red Crescent following the South Asian Earthquake.

In recent years, numerous catastrophic disasters caused by natural hazards directed worldwide attention to medical relief efforts. These events included the: (1) 2003 earthquake in Bam, Iran; (2) 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Southeast Asia; (3) Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the southern United States in 2005; (4) 2005 south Asian earthquake; and (5) 2006 Indonesian volcanic eruption and earthquakes. Health disparities experienced by women during relief operations were a component of each of these events. This article focuses on the response of the Turkish Red Crescent Society's field hospital in northern Pakistan following the South Asian Earthquake of October 2005, and discusses how the international community has struggled to address women's health issues during international relief efforts. Furthermore, since many recent disasters occurred in culturally conservative South Asia and the local geologic activity indicates similar disaster-producing events are likely to continue, special emphasis is placed on response efforts. Lessons learned in Pakistan demonstrate how simple adjustments in community outreach, camp geography, staff distribution, and supplies can enhance the quality, delivery, and effectiveness of the care provided to women during international relief efforts. Language: en
Estructura económica y estructura religiosa en Sobre seguro de Pedro Salinas

En un libro publicado en 1955 1 senalamos que seis obras dramaticas de Pedro Salinas aparecen estructuradas de tal manera que en cada una de ellas quedan enfrentadas dos realidades: una realidad, en la que los personajes se sienten siendo ellos mismos, y otra en que se sienten fuera de su ser.
Ovarian response to human menopausal gonadotropin following suppression with oral contraceptives

A profound suppression of the pituitary and the ovary is connected to an inadequate response to gonadotropin therapy. The therapy used to produce multiple follicular development for in vitro fertilization (IVF) can cause a variety of responses including: premature luteinization inadequate amount of preovulatory follicles and an asynchrony of follicular maturation. The aforementioned responses are related to lowered IVF success. IVF patients who received oral contraceptives as part of treatment had undesirable responses to human menopausal gonadotropin when the contraceptives were administered for only a short period. It is suggested that a different regimen be pursued to achieve adequate responses. A pretreatment determination of E and gonadotropins is a viable method of predicting ovarian response among women who have suppressed pituitary-ovarian function. It is further concluded that a favorable response to hMG was not found in IVF patients when treatments of oral contraceptives are administered for a short period.
A case of profound neutropenia and agranulocytosis associated with off-label use of ceftaroline.

Purpose A case of profound neutropenia and agranulocytosis associated with the off-label use of ceftaroline is reported. Summary A 67-year-old Caucasian man arrived at the emergency room with right shoulder pain and weakness that radiated to his right chest, back, and right arm. A review of symptoms was notable for two days of burning with urination associated with decreased urinary output and decreased appetite. Multiple tests revealed the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) septic arthritis, which was treated with an off-label dosage of ceftaroline (600 mg intravenously every eight hours). At the start of ceftaroline therapy, the patient’s baseline absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 6640 cells/μL and decreased to 816 cells/μL by day 19, eventually falling to 0 cells/μL on day 21 of therapy. Ceftaroline was then discontinued due to the suspicion that the neutropenia was secondary to maturation arrest of the bone marrow. The patient was switched to i.v. daptomycin to finish a six-week course of antibiotics. Interventional radiology placed a drain in the patient’s right shoulder during the hospital stay, with symptom improvement. His white blood cell count continued to increase after ceftaroline discontinuation, reaching 6.5 × 103 cells/μL with a differential of 56.6% segmented neutrophils and 28.4% lymphocytes after nine days off of ceftaroline. Conclusion A 67-year-old man developed profound neutropenia and agranulocytosis after three weeks of high-dose ceftaroline therapy for the treatment of MRSA septic arthritis. His neutropenia resolved after ceftaroline discontinuation and treatment with an alternative antibiotic.
The Effect of Comb-Type Genotypes on Six Metric Traits in a Population of Meat-Type Chickens

Abstract ASSOCIATIONS between morphological and metric traits in poultry were studied and evidence presented by a number of research workers [see Collins and Hubbard (1958) on plumage color genes, and Briles (1957) on blood-group loci]. Such associations are the result of pleiotropy, genetic linkage, or common introduction of germ plasm. Pleiotropy, considered by Wigan and Mather (1942) as unlikely in polygenic inheritance, is permanent. On the other hand, genetic correlations due to linkage or common introduction of germ plasm gradually vanish as the various genotypes approach the equilibrium. A study was undertaken in 1957 at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to determine possible influence of segregating genotypes at one gene locus on six metric traits. At this locus, the gene (P) determines pea-comb which is dominant to its allele (p) for single-comb (Bateson and Punnett, 1906). The material of this study was from a population consisting of ¾ White Wyandotte and …
Effects of intravenous administration of dextran on renal function.

SummaryFollowing the intravenous administration of 500-1500 cc of 6% dextran solution in 13 normal subjects there were no marked changes in clearance of PAH and creatinine or in TmPAH.
Postoperative splinting of the pediatric upper extremity.

SUMMARY The protective splint described above provides appropriate immobilization and protection for our postoperative pediatric population. The major advantages of this splint over plaster of paris include direct access to the wound, easy reapplication, and unnecessary use of the plaster-cast saw. In addition, thermoplastic splints are lightweight, less bulky, more durable, water-resistant, and easily remolded. The therapist's approach to the patient and parents is of utmost importance and will affect the outcome of the splint. In conclusion, postoperative pediatric splinting can be a challenging experience that requires a significant amount of patience, knowledge, and creativity on the part of the hand therapist.
Fabrication of a 80 nm self-aligned T-gate AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT

The authors report on the fabrication and characterization of a high-performance 80-nm self-aligned T-gate AlInAs/GaInAs high electron mobility transistor (SAGHEMT). The 80 nm*50 mu m devices reported exhibit good pinchoff characteristics, high transconductance (g/sub m/=1150 mS/mm), low output conductance (g/sub ds/=120 mS/mm at RF), and state-of-the-art current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/=250 GHz). Modeling and analysis indicate that it is possible to significantly improve the performance of AlInAs/GaInAs SAGHEMTs by further reducing the gate length and/or optimizing the device structure. >
Energy efficient DRAM row buffer management for enterprise workloads

This paper establishes that adapting the DRAM row buffer policy in accordance with both locality and activity in memory access patterns can lead to significant reductions in DRAM energy. In particular, using two different enterprise workloads, we establish that a spatially and temporally adaptive row buffer timeout policy is more energy-efficient than any static policy. Our results show that energy can be reduced by 6% and 30% for the two enterprise workloads.
Revisiting POWRE Awardees After a Decade: Continuing Issues for Successful Academic Women Scientists and Engineers

Changes occurred during the fifteen year period from 1997 to 2012 in both higher education and STEM. Although numbers and percentages of women increased overall in STEM fields, aggregated data mask vast differences among fields and women’s attrition at every phase of the educational and career STEM pipeline. The quantitative results, and particularly the qualitative responses, to the re-administered POWRE survey provide insights into how this same group of individuals perceives career issues and laboratory climate ten to fifteen years later. Analyses from 2012 suggest that although tight funding and budget constraints present increased challenges, the issues from ten to fifteen years ago persist; balancing work with family responsibilities continues as the predominant challenge. Although the responses about laboratory climate reflect less consensus, the largest number of respondents did suggest that to some degree, their gender led to their being perceived as a problem, anomaly, or deviant in the laboratory or work environment.
The Role of Charity in Knowing Truth

Following this discussion of making the proper choice, the ensuing visions rely upon a more biblically informed type of discourse to instruct Will. Scripture confirms a revealed truth that validates the human desire to seek an end that lies in another realm. The most concrete example of this reality is the Good Samaritan parable. As evinced by Samaritan’s actions, charity proves itself to be not only the motive of God’s communicating his goodness but is the very means that one can love in the way God loves. It elevates the natural loving capacity of the individual because its immediate object is divine goodness. Scotus notes that God can be loved above all not only by charity, but also by one’s natural endowments, at least in the state in which nature was instituted. For Scotus and Ockham, each person can freely choose to respond to the goodness extended by the divine. Although both thinkers assert that particular objects provide certain knowledge, neither one believes that this ability produces metaphysical skepticism; intellectual acumen does not supplant faith. This chapter then considers how the revealed truths of Scripture supplement the tenets of voluntarism and how a proper functioning will produces an ethic of mutuality whose moral goal is friendship with God.
Job Characteristics Associated With Self-Rated Fair or Poor Health Among U.S. Workers.

Introduction Approximately 60% of the U.S. adult population is employed. Many aspects of a person’s job may influence health, but it is unclear which job characteristics are most strongly associated with health at a population level. The purpose of this study was to identify important associations between job characteristics and workers’ self-rated health in a nationally representative survey of U.S. workers. Methods Data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were used to calculate weighted prevalence rates for self-reported fair/poor health for five categories of job characteristics: occupation; pay/benefits (economic); work organization; chemical/environmental hazards; and psychosocial factors. Backward elimination methods were used to build a regression model for self-reported health with the significant job characteristics, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and health behaviors. Data were collected in 2010 and analyzed in 2012–2016. Results After adjusting for covariates, workers were more likely to have fair/poor health if they were employed in business operations occupations (e.g., buyers, human resources workers, event planners, marketing specialists; adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]=1.85, 95% CI=1.19, 2.88); had no paid sick leave (APR=1.35, 95% CI=1.11, 1.63); worried about becoming unemployed (APR=1.43, 95% CI=1.22, 1.69); had difficulty combining work and family (APR=1.23, 95% CI=1.01, 1.49); or had been bullied/threatened on the job (APR=1.82, 95% CI=1.44, 2.29). Conclusions Occupation, lack of paid sick leave, and multiple psychosocial factors were associated with fair/poor health among U.S. workers at the population level in 2010. Public health professionals and employers should consider these factors when developing interventions to improve worker health.
The Importance of Inclusion for Cardiovascular Health Promotion Programs in Delaware.

Individuals with disabilities experience greater rates of cardiovascular disease than individuals without disabilities. This increase can be attributed to decreased levels of physical activity, poor eating habits, and increased levels of diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Individuals with disabilities are often excluded from surveillance, treatment, and prevention efforts. Consequently, there is little known about their participation rates in health promotion and disease prevention programs. The aims of this investigation are (1) to examine time trends in cardiovascular disease and risk factors over a 10-year period by disability status and (2) to assess the inclusiveness of health promotion programs in Delaware. The percentage of individuals with disabilities increased from 18% in 2001 to 28% in 2011. Individuals with disabilities had higher rates of cardiovascular disease (t = 80.45; degrees of freedom [df] = 198; p 30 kg/m2) than individuals without disabilities (t = 33.0; df = 198; p < .0001). They also reported less physical activity (t = 44.21; df = 198; p < .0001) and worse diet quality (t = 4.70; df = 198; p < .0001). There was a consistent lack of information about inclusion and participation of individuals with disabilities in health promotion programs. Making adaptations within cardiovascular disease prevention programs in Delaware is imperative to improving the health of individuals with disabilities. Ensuring cardiovascular disease programs are accessible and provide disability-specific trained staff will reduce barriers to participation so that all individuals can benefit.
Automated respiratory sinus arrhythmia measurement: Demonstration using executive function assessment

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a quantitative metric that reflects autonomic nervous system regulation and provides a physiological marker of attentional engagement that supports cognitive and affective regulatory processes. RSA can be added to executive function (EF) assessments with minimal participant burden because of the commercial availability of lightweight, wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors. However, the inclusion of RSA data in large data collection efforts has been hindered by the time-intensive processing of RSA. In this study we evaluated the performance of an automated RSA-scoring method in the context of an EF study in preschool-aged children. The absolute differences in RSA across both scoring methods were small (mean RSA differences = -0.02-0.10), with little to no evidence of bias for the automated relative to the hand-scoring approach. Moreover, the relative rank-ordering of RSA across both scoring methods was strong (rs = .96-.99). Reliable changes in RSA from baseline to the EF task were highly similar across both scoring methods (96%-100% absolute agreement; Kappa = .83-1.0). On the basis of these findings, the automated RSA algorithm appears to be a suitable substitute for hand-scoring in the context of EF assessment.
Chapter 51 – Diabetic neuropathy

Neuropathies related to diabetes mellitus can affect 60–70% of patients with diabetes. These can include peripheral polyneuropathies, mononeuropathies, and autonomic neuropathies. Control of glucose, lipids, and hypertension and cessation of smoking can limit onset and progression of these neuropathies. Besides control of the above listed risk factors, we do not have effective medications to treat the pathophysiologic mechanisms of diabetic neuropathies. Treatment is limited to ameliorating pain and correcting the end organ consequences of the neuropathic processes.
Analysis of Overhang Effects Using Conductor Separation Method in Coreless-Type PM Linear Machines

The axial overhang of the permanent magnet (PM) has widely been used to enhance the thrust per loss, particularly in air-core structure where the radial flux density is low. This communication investigates PM overhang effects in coreless-type PM linear machines. To analyze the structure where the magnet length exceeds the active length of the mover coil, a new approach using the conductor separation method is introduced and developed to calculate the electromagnetic thrust of the linear machine designed with the overhang magnet. The proposed method is based on an extended 3-D winding factor and a lumped parameter magnetic circuit model to take end effects into account. It is noted that presented overhang analysis can be applicable to any configurations of wound copper coil. The validity of analytical results derived by the proposed method is confirmed by 3-D finite element and experimental results.
Lost in transit or ready for takeoff?: Airport Cinema and European identity

Travel cinema has flourished in the era of EU expansion and Schengen open border policies because it provides a fitting template for the exploration of the new possibilities of European identity. T...
Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention in Adolescents and Young Adults.

To review the literature about oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention, with specific focus on adolescents. Use of PrEP reduces new HIV infections among men who have sex with men, heterosexuals, and people who inject drugs. One combination antiretroviral medication is approved for PrEP in the USA for adults. Limited data suggest that PrEP is safe for use in youth, although declines in adherence to PrEP over time suggest the need for adherence interventions specifically targeting youth. Safety concerns related to PrEP include potential negative impacts on bone density and renal function, as well as potential increases in riskier sexual behaviors. The U.S. Public Health Service has published guidelines for PrEP use in adults. Current data suggest that PrEP use is safe in adolescents; however, further research is needed on the potential impact of long-term PrEP use on bone density and kidney function.
Zorba the Greek

Gill examines interpersonal relations in the novel Zorba the Greek. The dynamics between the major characters Zorba and the Boss, two classic personality types illustrate Kazantzakis’s philosophy of human nature. Gill insightfully suggests that Kazantzakis saw himself more as the Boss and wished to be more like Zorba. The human dynamic between these two opposing personality types focuses on the meaning and value of personal freedom amidst broader social and intellectual concerns. Through retelling the story, Gill brings to light the two men’s relationship to women, their understanding societal mores and sense of justice.
String Model for Analytic Nonlinear Regge Trajectories

We present a new generalized string model for Regge trajectories J=J(E^2), where J and E are the orbital momentum and energy of the string, respectively. We demonstrate that this model is not to produce linear Regge trajectories, in contrast to the standard Nambu-Goto string, but generally nonlinear trajectories, which in many cases can be given in analytic form. As an example, we show how the model generates square-root, logarithmic and hyperbolic trajectories that have been discussed in the literature.
Permanently Farnesylated Prelamin A, Progeria, and Atherosclerosis

Article, see p 266 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and increases significantly as we age. Gaining a better understanding of how molecular pathways related to aging can influence atherosclerosis and cardiovascular function is therefore an important research goal. Rare, monogenic disorders can provide powerful new insights into common pathologies such as CVD, pointing to heretofore unexpected proteins as key drivers of disease. Such is the case for prelamin A and the premature aging disease progeria. The nuclear lamina is a meshwork of intermediate filament proteins on the inner aspect of the nuclear membrane whose building blocks in somatic cells are lamins A, B1, B2, and C. Mutations in the lamin A/C gene ( LMNA ), which encodes the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, and lamin C, can cause a variety of diseases referred to as the laminopathies.1 The most dramatic of these is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), also called progeria. HGPS arises from a de novo autosomal-dominant mutation in a portion of LMNA -encoding prelamin A.2,3 Children with HGPS develop several features of accelerated aging, including growth retardation, thin skin, hair loss, joint ailments, lipodystrophy, and, most significantly, aggressive early onset atherosclerosis and CVD. These children invariably die from myocardial infarctions or strokes in the second decade of life. Their blood lipid profiles are normal, yet autopsies have revealed atherosclerotic plaques similar to those seen in elderly individuals.4 Other notable features in the large vessels of children with HGPS are dramatic vascular smooth muscle cell loss and thickened, fibrotic adventia. In this issue of Circulation , Hamczyk et al5 report that loss of vascular smooth muscle cells plays a key role in the acceleration of atherosclerosis in a mouse model of HGPS. Defects in the posttranslational processing pathway of prelamin A …
Entrepreneurs Breed ESG-Rich Companies: Reap Exceptional Returns as Harvest Byproduct

ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) oriented strategies have become desirable among individual and institutional investors in recent years, corresponding with qualities desired by entrepreneurial employees, investors and community stakeholders. Consistent with a long-term, value-creating orientation, entrepreneurs forgo immediate rewards and devote enormous resources to advance their vision. It is this group that we study. Our research concludes that entrepreneurial organizations develop stronger governance traits compared with “typical” companies. Perhaps, in part, because the cause represents more than financial rewards, entrepreneurial owners pursue a more focused perspective shared by key stakeholders. Our analytics indicate that an Entrepreneur factor exists, and is one of the most significant factors in explaining excess returns. These entrepreneurs also contribute measurable ESG benefits. We provide a detailed analysis of an Entrepreneur Index, spanning several positive and negative economic cycles, that points to a consistent conclusion. Our evidence suggests investment managers, especially those interested in ESG, would be wise to partake in an entrepreneur approach.
Aspergillus terreus infective endocarditis on a porcine heterograft valve

We present the first reported case of Aspergillus endocarditis occurring on a porcine heterograft prosthesis and discuss the literature regarding both Aspergillus endocarditis and endocarditis on a porcine valve. A 65-year-old man underwent aortic valve replacement with a porcine heterograft. Several weeks later he exhibited signs of infection and then of valve failure. Upon removal, the porcine valve substance was found to be grossly infiltrated and destroyed by the Aspergillus organism. The porcine valve has an excellent reputation of being resistant to infection and relatively easy to sterilize by medical management alone. Several surveys attest to the low incidence of endocarditis. Because of our experience with the destruction caused by Aspergillus, however, and because antimicrobials generally fail to eradicate this organism, we urge prompt operation to remove the heterograft valve involved with infection by this organism. The valve diseased with Aspergillus should be replaced with a mechanical prosthesis. In the aortic position, extra-anatomic replacement should be considered to facilitate eradication of periannular infection postoperatively.
Introduction to the Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America

This Professor Cunningham's Introduction to his edited collection of Warren Buffett's noted letters to shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. The collection was prepared for a symposium held at Cardozo Law School in New York City in 1997 and originally published in the Cardozo Law Review. The Introduction serves as an encapsulation of the main themes of the resulting collection and locates them in contemporary discourse on matters of corporate governance; corporate finance and investing; mergers and acquisitions; and accounting and taxation. Professor Cunningham subsequently published the edited collection as a book under the title The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America, which also contains this Introduction.
Calcium-Handling Defects and Neurodegenerative Disease

Calcium signaling is critical to neuronal function and regulates highly diverse processes such as gene transcription, energy production, protein handling, and synaptic structure and function. Because there are many common underlying calcium-mediated pathological features observed across several neurological conditions, it has been proposed that neurodegenerative diseases have an upstream underlying calcium basis in their pathogenesis. With certain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, specific sources of calcium dysregulation originating from distinct neuronal compartments or channels have been shown to have defined roles in initiating or sustaining disease mechanisms. Herein, we will review the major hallmarks of these diseases, and how they relate to calcium dysregulation. We will then discuss neuronal calcium handling throughout the neuron, with special emphasis on channels involved in neurodegeneration.
Category Captainship in the Presence of Retail Competition

Category captainship (CC) is a supply chain practice in which a retailer collaborates with a manufacturer to develop and implement a category management strategy. We examine the role of retail competition in CC implementations by analyzing a game‐theoretic setting with two competing retailers. We first consider a benchmark model in which both retailers adopt traditional category management. Then, we consider a CC model in which the focal retailer implements CC. Comparing the equilibrium outcomes of these two models leads to the following insights: First, despite preventing the emergence of CC in some cases, retail competition increases the upside potential of CC for the focal retailer. Second, the focal retailer’s CC implementation can increase the competing retailer’s market share and profit. Third, a manufacturer may agree to serve as a captain even though CC decreases the profit it generates through the focal retailer channel because retail competition enables it to recoup its losses through the competing retailer channel. Last, retail competition alleviates concerns about the potential negative impact of CC on consumers. We discuss the implications of the study for retailers, manufacturers, and policymakers.
Flavor and mouthfeel of pseudo‐cocoa liquor: Effects of polyphenols, fat content, and training method

Current theories of astringency propose that this sensation is a result of delubrication in the oral cavity due to precipitation of salivary proteins. Astringency, commonly described as a drying or puckering sensation, is a main driving factor for rejection of certain foods. Previous studies have shown that fat plays a role in moderating astringency in foods. To investigate the role that polyphenols and fat play in astringency perception, we used modified cocoa powders to produce pseudo‐cocoa liquor systems that were rated for taste and flavor attributes on generalized Labeled Magnitude Scales by semi‐trained consumers. Our results show significant differences among the cocoa liquors, resulting from acetone–water extraction of free polyphenols and fat content variation. No significant differences resulted from training with oil‐based vis‐a‐vis water‐based reference solutions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Astringency is a prominent sensation commonly experienced by individuals who consume cocoa and chocolate products. It is of the utmost importance to the cocoa and chocolate industry because consumers typically reject products that are highly astringent. Therefore, study of the perception of astringency and the role that polyphenols and fat play would benefit our understanding of these fat‐based products. Training with aqueous‐based references, which was easier than oil‐based references, yielded equivalent results.
Michael Milken: A Case Study in America’s Moral Schism

This brief article explores competing views on Michael Milken and tries to extrapolate some implications for American law and culture. Milken has been described as a genius, a thief, an industrial revolutionary, a rapacious predator, and the person you would want your children to be when they grow up. Some praise Milken for inspiring private equity and other modern acquisition methods. His approach to corporate finance birthed the takeover frenzy of the 1970s and 80s and normalized the use of leveraged buyouts as a reorganization tool. Others see Milken as a symbol of personal greed and social pathology. Critics have charged that his use of debt to takeover and restructure companies (often laying off employees) is akin to piracy and represents the very worst of a capitalist economy. These conflicting interpretations of one man’s career point to a schism in moral values. Some see the reports of Milken’s work ethic, ambition, and mathematical genius as qualities to encourage in our society. Others see these attributes as a threat to social stability and decency. To demonstrate this moral divide, this article explores the financial rise and the regulatory fall of Milken and compares the commentary of his detractors and supporters. In addition, this article highlights how conflicting notions of fairness lead to disparate legal treatment of otherwise identical behavior. For example, the law views buying real property based on an information advantage as fair and legally acceptable, while buying stock with an information advantage is considered unfair and often results in legal liability. The evidence suggests that this moral divide is based on more than disagreements among Americans about what constitutes moral business behavior and the required characteristics of a just society. The evidence suggests that many Americans are internally conflicted on these questions.
The Impact of Adult Prison Transfer on the Recidivism Outcomes of Blended-Sentenced Juvenile Delinquents:

Juvenile justice systems today have various methods to sanction serious, violent, and chronic delinquents. One of these methods is through blended sentencing. Broadly, blended sentencing processes ...
Understanding roles in health care through interprofessional educational experiences.

Background: Students can find interacting within a healthcare team challenging. It is important for students to understand their role and respect those of other healthcare team members. Interprofes...
Critical thresholds in 1D pressureless Euler-Poisson systems with variable background

Abstract The Euler–Poisson equations describe important physical phenomena in many applications such as semiconductor modeling and plasma physics. This paper is to advance our understanding of critical threshold phenomena in such systems in the presence of different forces. We identify critical thresholds in two damped Euler–Poisson systems, with and without alignment, both with attractive potential and spatially variable background state. For both systems, we give respective bounds for subcritical and supercritical regions in the space of initial configuration, thereby proving the existence of a critical threshold for each scenario. Key tools include comparison with auxiliary systems and the phase space analysis of the transformed system.
Maternal-Fetal Physiology, Intrapartum Care, Postpartum Care: A Team-Based Learning Module for Normal Obstetrics

Introduction Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning strategy used at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in both the preclinical and clinical years of medical school. The Depar...
Illicit reassertions of the faith: blasphemy and the early Cartagena Inquisition, 1612–1660

On 24 June 1614, the recently created Inquisitorial Tribunal of Cartagena de Indias sent its inaugural relacion de causas or summary of cases to the home office in Madrid. This document describes t...
Electrospun nanofibers for interfacial toughening and damage self-healing of polymer composites and surface coatings

Abstract The electrospinning technique provides the opportunity to produce low-cost, continuous nanofibers of natural and synthetic polymers and polymer-derived carbon, silicon, metals, metal oxides, ceramics, etc. for a variety of cutting-edge applications, including nanofiber-reinforced composites, tissue engineering, gas/liquid filtration, wound dressing, energy harvesting, conversion, storage, and so on. This chapter briefly reviews the recent development of electrospun nanofiber-based interfacial toughening and damage self-healing for advanced composites and surface coatings. Particular attention is given to controllable fabrication of continuous monolithic and core-shell healing agent-loaded nanofibers by electrospinning, coelectrospinning, emulsion electrospinning, needleless electrospinning, processing of polymer matrix composites (PMCs), and surface coatings reinforced with toughening and healing agent-loaded nanofibers, as well as characterization and modeling of interfacial toughening and damage-healing mechanisms. The main advantages of the nanofiber-based interfacial toughening and self-healing technique include its low cost in manufacturing (based on electrospinning), low weight penalty to the resulting structures (with electrospun nanofibers
Hepatitis A Virus Survival on Drug Paraphernalia

Background: The ongoing hepatitis A outbreak in the United States has concerned public health authorities since March 2017. The outbreak has already spread throughout 30 states and includes primarily homeless individuals and persons who use drugs, including persons who inject drugs (PWIDs). Contaminated drug injection paraphernalia and sharing of these items are suspected to be one of multiple causes of hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission in those populations. Methods: We used a standard plaque assay to investigate HAV infectivity. Liquid suspensions of HAV were tested to examine the effects of time and temperature on viral infectivity. We also examined HAV survival on commonly used drug paraphernalia, such as needles, syringes, cookers, tourniquets, and cotton balls/filters frequently shared among PWIDs. We investigated the effect of low pH on HAV survival using citric acid, which is frequently used by PWIDs during dose preparation. We also compared the plaque assay results with those concurrently obtained by RT-PCR to establish whether viral HAV RNA levels could be used as surrogates for plaque assay results. Results: We found that HAV suspended in PBS at room temperature was able to infect FRhk4 cells for >17 weeks. HAV remained viable in syringes and needles (ie, semidry conditions) for up to 10 weeks depending on the size of the needles and the syringe dead volume. HAV survival in dry conditions on cooker, tourniquet, and cotton balls/filter surfaces did not exceed 4 weeks. HAV retained its infectivity for >10 weeks at pH as low as 2. PCR results suggest that RNA is amplified from both infectious and noninfectious HAV. Conclusions: Our findings show that HAV can survive and remain infective in the PWID setting for 4–10 weeks depending on the type of paraphernalia examined. These findings suggest that sharing drug paraphernalia by the homeless and PWIDs can potentially facilitate the transmission of HAV within these populations. Moreover, our results confirm that the plaque assay is currently the only reliable method to determine the infectivity of HAV in vitro. Funding: None Disclosures: None
Associations between meteorology and COVID-19 in early studies: Inconsistencies, uncertainties, and recommendations

Meteorological variables, such as the ambient temperature and humidity, play a well-established role in the seasonal transmission of respiratory viruses and influenza in temperate climates. Since the onset of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing body of literature has attempted to characterize the sensitivity of COVID-19 to meteorological factors and thus understand how changes in the weather and seasonality may impede COVID-19 transmission. Here we select a subset of this literature, summarize the diversity in these studies' scopes and methodologies, and show the lack of consensus in their conclusions on the roles of temperature, humidity, and other meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission dynamics. We discuss how several aspects of studies' methodologies may challenge direct comparisons across studies and inflate the importance of meteorological factors on COVID-19 transmission. We further comment on outstanding challenges for this area of research and how future studies might overcome them by carefully considering robust modeling approaches, adjusting for mediating and covariate effects, and choosing appropriate scales of analysis.