cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Legalization of medical marijuana (Cannabis).

The discussion regarding the legalization of marijuana, cannabis, for medical usage has again entered into a debate situation both in the public and health care arena. The debate on the legalization of marijuana has proponents emphasizing the benefits of the usage of medical marijuana for the treatment of several conditions in a safe manner, such as chronic pain control, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, and seizure control, to mention a few. On the opposite side are the opponents, who are voicing concern for the addictive nature of marijuana, unknown pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, lack of data on correct dosage, and lack of safety and efficacy data with long-term usage. As in the past, there are public and medical community members on both sides of the debate, supporting and opposing the legalization of medical marijuana. The legalization of medical marijuana is again being considered on the health care policy agenda. The extent to which it will move from a broad agenda item to the point of being an actionable policy agenda item will be dependent on the political maneuvering of this issue among the various policy stakeholders and policymakers. This debate can end up in either the perfect storm of controversy or a rich evidence-based discussion with a resultant evidence-based decision. The legalization of marijuana is definitely a political and policy issue. The political and policy issue regarding medical marijuana usage represents an issue that has emotional, psychological, social, economic, and political issues surrounding this debate. Not to mention the science that will provide evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of marijuana usage. Regardless of your individual position regarding this political and policy issue, it is critical to ensure that we present, discuss, and consider all the scientific, emotional, psychological, social, economic, and political aspects of this debate. The alignment of the problem (legalization of medical marijuana), political aspects, and proposed policy can create the perfect “window of opportunity” for policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation regarding the medical legalization of marijuana. As health care providers with an emphasis on men’s health, it is our responsibility that we ensure as this “window of opportunity” for policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation occurs, we are active in this dialogue and debate to ensure that men’s emotional, psychological, social, economic, and political issues are presented. As health care providers, we are responsible to ensure that the dialogue and debate includes evidence of men’s utilization of marijuana that incorporates the emotional, psychological, social, economic, and political aspects that uniquely affect men. This will inform policy in relation to men’s health. 504104 JMHXXX10.1177/1557988313504104American Journal of Men’s HealthPorche research-article2013
Exaggerated sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The sympathetic and pressor responses to exercise are exaggerated in hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms causing this abnormality remain to be fully elucidated. Central command, a neural drive originating in higher brain centers, is known to activate cardiovascular and locomotor control circuits concomitantly. As such, it is a viable candidate for the generation of the augmented vascular response to exercise in this disease. We hypothesized that augmentations in central command function contribute to the heightened cardiovascular response to exercise in hypertension. To test this hypothesis, changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to electrical stimulation of mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR; 20-50 μA in 10-μA steps evoking fictive locomotion), a putative component of the central command pathway, were examined in decerebrate, paralyzed normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Tibial nerve discharge during MLR stimulation significantly increased in an intensity-dependent manner in both WKY and SHR but was not different between groups. Stimulation of the MLR evoked significantly larger increases in RSNA and MAP with increasing stimulation intensity in both groups. Importantly, the increases in sympathetic and pressor responses to this fictive locomotion were significantly greater in SHR compared with WKY across all stimulation intensities (e.g., at 50 μA, ΔRSNA: WKY 153 ± 31%, SHR 287 ± 42%; ΔMAP: WKY 87 ± 9 mmHg, SHR 139 ± 7 mmHg). These findings provide the first evidence that central command may be a critical contributor to the exaggerated rise in sympathetic activity and blood pressure during exercise in hypertension.
Hematologic abnormalities over 5 days in cows with acute Escherichia coli mastitis.

Haematological data from 45 adult Holstein cows with coliform mastitis and systemic clinical signs were studied retrospectively. They developed panleukopenia that resolved over several days, first through an increase in immature forms and later by an increase in mature neutrophils. Neutropenia lasted 3 days in most cows. The majority of cows in early lactation did not develop neutropenia for an unknown reason. Cows with fatal disease could not be distinguished based on haematological analysis, because most died early in the disease, while both surviving and non-surviving cows still had panleukopenia. Cows with coliform bacteraemia had prolonged neutropenia and higher metamyelocyte and myelocyte counts during the regenerative phase. These findings suggest that haematological analysis during the regenerative phase may be useful to identify cows with bacteraemia for more aggressive treatment.
Toward an Expansive Reading of FTC Act § 5: Beyond the Sherman Act and an Ex Post Model of Enforcement

This paper is an edited and lightly footnoted version of Remarks made at a session convened during the American Antitrust Institute’s most recent annual conference. The session was entitled “Can FTC Section 5 and E.U. Article 82 Converge?” The paper distinguishes between the “domestic question” of whether FTC Section 5 should be interpreted to go beyond Sherman Act Section 2, and the “cosmopolitan question” of whether convergence with Article 82 is desirable and achievable. The paper focuses on the domestic question; to the extent an expansive use of Section 5 would foster convergence, that would be a side benefit. The paper asserts three propositions: First, there is a strong and undisputed historical basis for the view that the FTCA is something different in kind from both the Sherman and Clayton Acts. Second, in this light, the FTC’s institutional character is properly understood as a competition commission to investigate, report, advise against, and if necessary stop practices deemed unfair methods of competition, ex ante, in their incipiency. The FTC is not an antitrust enforcement agency like the DOJ Antitrust Division. Third, federal court decisions beginning in the 1960s unanimously support the view that the FTC Section 5 and its enforcement by the Commission legitimately serve competition policy understood more broadly than antitrust law, i.e., than the Sherman Act. In sum, the FTC has a long-standing Congressional mandate and judicial invitation to be bold, to push past the antitrust laws, to investigate and stop in their incipiency “unfair methods of competition.” The Commission should be an innovator and investigator rather than an enforcer; it should spend significant resources working at the cutting edge of economic theory and legal doctrine. The FTC mission, properly understood, is to engage in research and development of competition policy at the forefront of changing commercial circumstances.
Voices of Modernity: Making language and making it safe for science and society: from Francis Bacon to John Locke

For writers who like to tell the story of modernity in terms of a powerful rupture that took place in the seventeenth century, Francis Bacon provides a compelling point of departure. Not given to modest claims, Bacon entitled one of his works (published in 1620) the Novum Organum , seeking to pull the mantle off Aristotle's Organon (1949) and to displace “ancient philosophy” and the way it was used in colleges and universities of the day as a basis for inquiry, thereby establishing his own claim to fashion knowledge “anew from the very foundations” (1860b: 52). Bacon played a key role in the invention of nature, in the carving out of a domain that excluded humans and simultaneously seemed to be made just for them – to harness and control for their own mental and material progress. Providing a social and philosophical charter for experimental work, Bacon argued that nature tends to hide or obscure some of “her” properties; it is accordingly best to observe nature “under constraint and vexed; that is to say, when by art and the hand of man she is forced out of her natural state, and squeezed and molded” (1860b: 246). Experiments are thus needed to isolate the property in question and to force nature to reveal “her” secrets; the role of sense data could be limited to judging the results of the experiment.
Computer Development at Argonne National Laboratory

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the details of the computer development that took place at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The chapter points out that in 1949, at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Norman Hilbury, Frank Hoyt, and Donald Flanders, decided to have an Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) computer built to facilitate the computations related to reactor design. In 1950, Alston Householder of Oak Ridge also decided to have a machine for Oak Ridge's own use. Because Argonne already had a computer engineering group, Householder decided to subcontract the work to ANL. The second computer was named Oak Ridge Automatic Computer and Logical Engine (ORACLE). The overall architecture was like the IAS machine, but the engineering design was different. Much faster circuits were used like smaller cathode-ray tubes for memory—which was twice the size of the IAS memory.
All-Normal-Dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser with Pulse-Shaping due to Spectral Filtering

A modelocked Yb-doped fiber laser without an anomalous segment is successfully demonstrated. Pulse-shaping is based on spectral filtering of a highly-chirped pulse in the cavity. The laser generated 170-fs pulses with 3-nJ pulse energy.
HIV/AIDS prevention education: Culturally sensitive and responsive strategies for Asian Pacific Islander American adolescents and young adults

Abstract Asian Pacific Islander Americans are one of the fastest growing segments in the US population. Many adolescents and young adults of Asian Pacific Islander American heritage, as with peers of other racial and ethnic backgrounds, do not perceive themselves as vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. They engage in unsafe sexual behaviors that place them at-risk of infection. The information in this article addresses the perceptions of young Asian Pacific Islander Americans about HIV/AIDS, characteristics of culturally competent prevention programs, and instructional approaches and strategies that complement the unique cultural, linguistic, and family-related values of Asian Pacific Islander Americans.
A comparison of danazol and conservative surgery for the treatment of infertility due to mild or moderate endometriosis

Although both medical and surgical therapy have been widely used in the treatment of infertility due to endometriosis, there is little information on the comparative success of these treatment modalities. In a group of 313 infertile women who presented to The Johns Hopkins Hospital with mild or moderate endometriosis in whom there had been no previous therapy, the results of danazol (91 patients) and conservative surgery (133 patients) were compared. It was found that the cumulative pregnancy curves of the two groups virtually coincided. There was no significant difference in the estimated proportion of patients who were "cured," i.e., who would ultimately conceive if followed for a long enough period (68.3% for surgery versus 74.0% for danazol), nor in the monthly rate of pregnancy among those cured (5.7% versus 4.0%), respectively.
Imprinting high-gradient topographical structures onto optical surfaces using magnetorheological finishing: Manufacturing corrective optical elements for high-power laser applications

Corrective optical elements form an important part of high-precision optical systems. We have developed a method to manufacture high-gradient corrective optical elements for high-power laser systems using deterministic magnetorheological finishing (MRF) imprinting technology. Several process factors need to be considered for polishing ultraprecise topographical structures onto optical surfaces using MRF. They include proper selection of MRF removal function and wheel sizes, detailed MRF tool and interferometry alignment, and optimized MRF polishing schedules. Dependable interferometry also is a key factor in high-gradient component manufacture. A wavefront attenuating cell, which enables reliable measurement of gradients beyond what is attainable using conventional interferometry, is discussed. The results of MRF imprinting a 23 μm deep structure containing gradients over 1.6 μm / mm onto a fused-silica window are presented as an example of the technique’s capabilities. This high-gradient element serves as a thermal correction plate in the high-repetition-rate advanced petawatt laser system currently being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Some concerns in providing home care for i.v. drug users.

Home care providers working with IV drug-abusing clients with HIV must deal not only with the physical and psychological effects of the disease but also with those that frequently accompany drug abuse. Clients may exhibit manipulative, violent behavior; continued use of street drugs may also interfere with their prescription drug therapy. To help assure the most effective treatment possible, caregivers must be aware of the symptoms and possible effects of clients' behavior.
Modular quantum-information processing by dissipation

Dissipation can be used as a resource to control and simulate quantum systems. We discuss a modular model based on fast dissipation capable of performing universal quantum computation, and simulating arbitrary Lindbladian dynamics. The model consists of a network of elementary dissipation-generated modules and it is in principle scalable. In particular, we demonstrate the ability to dissipatively prepare all single-qubit gates, and the controlled-not gate; prerequisites for universal quantum computing. We also show a way to implement a type of quantum memory in a dissipative environment, whereby we can arbitrarily control the loss in both coherence, and concurrence, over the evolution. Moreover, our dissipation-assisted modular construction exhibits a degree of inbuilt robustness to Hamiltonian and, indeed, Lindbladian errors, and as such is of potential practical relevance.
Context Processing and the Neurobiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Progress in clinical and affective neuroscience is redefining psychiatric illness as symptomatic expression of cellular/molecular dysfunctions in specific brain circuits. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been an exemplar of this progress, with improved understanding of neurobiological systems subserving fear learning, salience detection, and emotion regulation explaining much of its phenomenology and neurobiology. However, many features remain unexplained and a parsimonious model that more fully accounts for symptoms and the core neurobiology remains elusive. Contextual processing is a key modulatory function of hippocampal-prefrontal-thalamic circuitry, allowing organisms to disambiguate cues and derive situation-specific meaning from the world. We propose that dysregulation within this context-processing circuit is at the core of PTSD pathophysiology, accounting for much of its phenomenology and most of its biological findings. Understanding core mechanisms like this, and their underlying neural circuits, will sharpen diagnostic precision and understanding of risk factors, enhancing our ability to develop preventive and "personalized" interventions.
Mantle cell lymphoma with a novel t(11;12)(q13;p11.2): a proposed alternative mechanism of CCND1 up-regulation

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is typically characterized by t(11;14), which places the IGH@ enhancer elements upstream of CCND1. This fusion results in up-regulation of CCND1 and consequently its protein product cyclin D1. Recent studies have shown that in MCL, mutations or translocations occurring within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the CCND1 gene can result in a truncated mRNA transcript that is more stable and associated with more aggressive disease. We identified a case of MCL showing cyclin D1 overexpression by immunohistochemistry and a t(11;12)(q13;p11.2) by conventional cytogenetic studies. Next-generation genomic sequencing indicated a chromosomal break through the CCND1 3'-UTR and fusion with a non-coding region of chromosome 12. We suggest that, in the absence of the typical CCND1/IGH@ fusion, this rearrangement promotes MCL pathogenesis by eliminating miRNA interaction elements within the 3'-UTR of the CCND1 mRNA transcript consequently resulting in CCND1 overexpression.
On semigroups admitting ring structure

A multiplicative semigroup S with 0 is said to be a R-semigroup if S admits a ring structure. Isbell proved that if a finitely generated commutative semigroup is a R-semigroup, then it should be finite. The non-commutative version of this theorem is unsettled. This paper considers semigroups, not necessarily commutative, which are principally generated as a right ideal by single elements and semigroups which are generated by two independent generators and describes their structure. We also prove that if a cancellative 0-simple semigroup containing an identity is a R-semigroup, then it should be a group with zero.
High-Precision Test of Landauer’s Principle

Here, I test Landauer’s 1961 hypothesis that erasing a symmetric one-bit memory requires work of at least \(kT \ln 2\). This experiment uses a colloidal particle in a time-dependent, virtual potential created by a feedback trap to implement Landauer’s erasure operation. In a control experiment, similar manipulations that do not erase can be done without work.
New Adjustment of North American Datum

The new adjustment of the North American Datum will be completed in 1984. The numerical problems associated with the simultaneous solution of 500,000 unknown parameters appear to be minimal. Results of several large test adjustments using the Helmert blocking software system indicate that the adjustment can be achieved in an efficient manner. The new adjustment will be based on a geocentric datum, known as the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983), which will span the entire North American continent. In addition, the National Geodetic Survey will continue to publish and support two plane coordinates in the United States: the Universal Transverse Mercator System, and the State Plane Coordinate.
Decision and Experienced Utility: Computational Applications in Privacy Decision Making

The existing computational models of privacy decisions are derived from expected utility theory, and can be equated with the von Neumann-Morgenstern (1953) perspective on decision utility. Here, I introduce experienced utility to privacy research, and shed light on the computational relations of experienced utility and decision utility, and computational applications of behavioral economics theories and concepts.
Polarimetric Technique for Satellite Remote Sensing of Superthin Clouds

Abstract Superthin clouds with optical depths smaller than ~ 0.3 exist globally and can seriously affect the remote sensing of aerosols, surface temperature, and atmospheric composition. Failing to detect these clouds, the sea-surface temperature retrieved from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellite data is ~ 5–10 K lower than true values at tropical and midlatitude regions, where these clouds frequently exist. Unfortunately, superthin clouds generally cannot be detected by passive satellite instruments that use only total intensity for measurements. Long-term global surveys of superthin clouds using space-borne lidars are limited by the large operational cost and narrow field of view of these active instruments. This chapter reviews the algorithm for remote sensing of superthin clouds based on our previous study results ( Sun et al., 2014 , Sun et al., 2015 ), which show that superthin clouds can be well detected by a polarimetric imager facing toward the backscattering direction of sunlight, exploiting a distinct, characterizing feature of the angle of linear polarization of the backscattered solar radiation (NASA Technology GSC-17392-1). If implemented for satellite remote sensing of the Earth-atmosphere system, this technology will greatly improve the detection of superthin clouds and tremendously impact the remote sensing of clouds, aerosols, surface temperature, atmospheric composition gases, and thus significantly improving data for climate modeling.
Ecological Context and Human Variation: Applying the Principles of Biological Anthropology to Psychoneuroimmunology

There is considerable research interest overlap between biological anthropology and psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), particularly given recent anthropological interest in endocrine and immune system functioning over the life span and in different environmental contexts. In this chapter, I argue that conducting research on non-WEIRD populations and applying an anthropological, evolutionary approach to PNI can greatly strengthen our understanding of immune-endocrine-behavior connections. This chapter reviews population-level variation in the human immune and endocrine systems, as well as genetic and environmental contributions to this variation. The effects of culture on shaping health outcomes and stress responses are also considered. Finally, this chapter discusses some noninvasive sampling methodologies appropriate to field research and alternatives to laboratory-based research designs. By confronting variable social and environmental contexts, PNI can greatly expand on its existing contributions to the treatment and understanding of depression, mood disorders, stress, and other aspects of health and well-being.
Chance-constrained Service Restoration for Distribution Networks with Renewables

Power systems operation is facing great challenges from natural disasters and cyber-attacks. It is critical but also difficult to enhance the reliability and resilience against extreme events. To better response to inevitable outages or blackouts, service restoration in distribution networks is important to minimize the disastrous impacts of catastrophic events. The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) provides new opportunities to expedite the restoration process. However, the coordination with conventional distribution system control devices and the uncertainty and variability of intermittent renewable energy resources requires new operation and control strategies for distribution service restoration (DSR). This paper develops an optimal bottom-up DSR strategy by coordinating DERs with voltage regulators and capacitor banks. The chance-constrained (CC) programming approach is used to model the probabilistic output limit of solar radiation and PV generation. The Markov's inequality and Latin hypercube sampling techniques are applied to convert and incorporate the chance constraints into the DSR optimization problem. The CC-DSR problem is formulated as a mixed integer convex programming problem, considering various operational cost functions and bidirectional three-phase unbalanced load flow. Simulation results on the modified IEEE 13-node test feeder system demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the bottom-up DSR strategy.
On Meshing Limit Line of ZC1 Worm Pair

The theory of the meshing limit line of a ZC1 worm pair is fully established on the basis of meshing theory for gear drives. A method to judge the existence of the meshing limit line is proposed. Meanwhile such a method can provide the reasonable initial value for iteratively solving the nonlinear equation encountered during determining the meshing limit line. The numerical example is provided for validation and verification and the result shows, usually, the working length of a ZC1 worm cannot be in excess of the half of its thread length.
Bilateral Endophthalmitis after Immediately Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery.

Abstract Immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) is the procedure of performing cataract surgeries in both eyes the same day in one setting. We present a rare case of bilateral Pseudomonas endophthalmitis following ISBCS in Mexico.
Increased CXCL12 expression in endometrium of women with abnormal uterine bleeding is post-transcriptionally mediated via miR-23b-3p and is associated with decreased expression of the miR-23b-3p/24-3p/27b-3p cluster: a pilot study

Objective To study C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and CXCR4 expression in endometrial tissue from both women with and without abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) of endometrial origin and evaluate their relationship with microRNA (miRNA). Design Retrospective and laboratory study. Setting University-based research laboratory. Patient(s) Nine women with and without abnormal uterine bleeding, all of whom were in the secretory stage of their menstrual cycle, who provided endometrial biopsy tissue. Intervention(s) Immunohistochemical localization of CXCL12 and CXCR4 as well as quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assessment of mRNA expression in archived endometrial biopsy tissue and in vitro cell culture using the immortalized endometrial stromal cell line, t-HESC. Endometrial stromal cell line, t-HESC transfection with nontargeting, negative control miRNA mimics or miRNA mimics for miR-23b-3p and mRNA assessment miR-23b-3p expression confirmed by qRT-PCR and evaluation of impact on CXCL12 expression at the protein level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mRNA levels by qRT-PCR. Main Outcome Measure(s) Expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 protein via immunohistochemistry and mRNA and miRNA levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 as well as miR-23b-3p, miR-24b-3p, and miR-27b-3p, respectively, via qRT-PCR. Result(s) CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 expression were up-regulated in the endometrial tissue of women with AUB at the protein level, but this up-regulation of expression was only associated with increased CXCR4 mRNA expression. To evaluate whether CXCL12 may be post-transcriptionally regulated, we assessed expression of miR-23b-3p, a bona fide post-transcriptional regulator of CXCL12 expression. The expression of miR-23b-3p was statistically significantly lower in AUB endometrial tissue, as were fellow cluster members miR-24-3p and miR-27-3p. Transfection of t-HESC cells with pre-miR-23b-3p mimics statistically significantly reduced the levels of CXCL12 secreted protein but not mRNA levels, suggesting that miR-23b-3p retards protein translation independent of transcript degradation. Conclusion(s) Reduced expression of the miR-23b-3p/24-3p/27b-3p cluster is associated with elevated expression of CXCL12, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of AUB.
Against vaccine nationalism.

While rich countries like the USA and UK are starting to vaccinate their populations against COVID-19, poor countries may lack access to a vaccine for years. A global effort to provide vaccines through the COVAX facility (the vaccines pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator) aims to distribute 2 billion vaccinations by the end of next year, but the USA has refused to join and even those rich countries that have joined are entering into bilateral deals with pharmaceutical companies to buy up the supply. Canada, for instance, has already secured enough to vaccinate its entire population nine times over, and the USA, European Union, UK, Australia and Japan can vaccinate their populations between 2 and 8 x.1 Vaccine nationalism is neither ethically justified, nor even in rich countries’ long-term self-interest. No one deserves the luck of their birth and few have much control over their country of residence. So, when there are four ventilators per 12 million people in some low-income and middle-income countries, and people are being buried in cardboard boxes in mass graves, it is simply unconscionable to argue that wealthy countries can keep their vaccines to themselves or even help their populations first.2 Vaccine nationalism fails to respect basic human rights and the people who have them. Moreover, many argue that rich countries have contributed to global poverty through a shared and violent history of colonialism and oppression and profit from instituting, upholding and sustaining coercive rules (eg, of international trade) that often exacerbate, rather than alleviate, global poverty.3 Be that as it may, putting basic health systems in place to ensure everyone can get vaccinated, not only against COVID-19 but a host of other terrible diseases, would better protect even the rich from resurgences …
Calibrating Input Parameters via Eligibility Sets

Reliable simulation analysis requires accurately calibrating input model parameters. While there has been a sizable literature on parameter calibration that utilizes directly observed data, much less attention has been paid to the situation where only output-level data are available to justify input parameter choices. This latter problem, which is known as the inverse problem and relates to the model validation literature, involves several new challenges, one of which is the non-identifiability issue. In this paper we introduce the concept of eligibility set to bypass non-identifiability, by relaxing the need of consistent estimation to obtaining bounds on the input parameter values. We reason this concept from the worst-case notion in robust optimization, and demonstrate how to compute eligibility set via empirical matching between the simulated and the real outputs. We substantiate our procedure with theoretical error analysis and validate its effectiveness via numerical experiments.
The joy of search: a google insider’s guide to going beyond the basics

Reviewer's note: The following review contains reference to a video from the BBC. For reference, this video is located at the following URL and was active at the time of this writing: https://www.y...
Linked bis(μ-phosphido) and related ligands for metallic clusters

Abstract Reaction of [μ-1,2-phenylenebis(phenyl- or t-butyl-phosphido)-P,P](μ-carbonyl)-bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)dimolydenum(MoMo) with nonacarbonyldiiron gave 46-electron Me2Fe complexes, which were shown by X-ray crystallography in one case to have an open trimetalla structure (phenylphosphido), and in the other, a triangulo structure (t-butylphosphido). The open triametalla species is fluxional as a result of metal-to-metal migrations, whereas the triangulo cluster is nonfluxional.
Bovine Thrombin: PURIFICATION AND CERTAIN PROPERTIES

Abstract An examination is made of the fractionation of a crude thrombin preparation obtained by bioactivation, namely, Parke Davis thrombin, topical. Columns of carboxylic resin, cellulose phosphate, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, and Sephadex G-100 were studied. The starting material and all products obtained by using only carboxylic resin or cellulose phosphate are shown to be impure and to contain a nonenzymatic inhibitor. A simple procedure is given for isolating a stable thrombin of high, constant specific activity. The procedure involves removal from solution, first, of inhibitor and some nonthrombin protein by DEAE-cellulose at pH 7, Γ/2 = 0.1 (phosphate), and 23°. A cellulose phosphate column is next used under the same conditions to adsorb thrombin and pass some nonthrombin protein. After additional inactive protein is washed off at pH 7 and Γ/2 = 0.15, thrombin is eluted at Γ/2 = 1.0 to give stock thrombin. The procedure at this point gives a minimum yield of 91.1 ± 8.4% of the original activity. Gel filtration of stock thrombin on Sephadex G-100 separates an average additional 24% of the absorbance of stock thrombin as an inactive protein and gives a single thrombin peak. By comparison with known proteins the peak position corresponds to a molecular weight of 36,000 ± 1,600 (95% confidence limits). The last 0.6 of the peak has constant specific activity which corresponds to 1,160 ± 130 NIH units per absorbance unit or 2,260 ± 250 NIH units per mg. At ionic strength 1.0, pH 7, and 4°, stock thrombin preparations lose activity to the maximum extent of 0.1% per week. At Γ/2 = 0.1, pH 7, and 23°, diluted stock thrombin (20-sec clotting time) loses 1.6% of its activity per day. This is shown not to be due to an inhibitor, an extraneous enzyme, or the presence of 5 x 10-4 m KCN, which had to be added to prevent bacterial growth. The mechanism appears to be a zero order denaturation. Attempts to concentrate stock thrombin by ammonium sulfate precipitation or osmotic solvent removal have frequently led to the production of inactive aggregates. Acetone precipitation from 0.15 m calcium chloride at pH 7 has been successful in giving concentrations up to 10 absorbance units per ml.
Occurrence of dermatophytes in fresh bat guano.

Abstract Evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that fresh bat guano serves as a means of pathogenic fungi dissemination in caves. A total of 371 guano samples were collected from caves in southeastern New Mexico. Each sample was agitated in sterile saline and sand. The supernatant fluid was treated with an antibiotic and streaked on differential media. Cultures were incubated at 25 and 37 C and examined at intervals over a 4-week period. For animal inoculation, highly concentrated inoculum was injected intraperitoneally into white Swiss mice. Animals were sacrificed 4 weeks later, and portions of their lung, liver, and spleen were cultured on selective media, incubated at 25 C, and examined at intervals over a 4-week period. Microsporum gypseum was isolated at all 10 collecting stations with an incidence of 22.4%, Trichophyton mentagrophytes at 7 stations with an incidence of 5%, T. rubrum at 3 stations with an incidence of 3%, and T. terrestre at 1 station with an incidence of 0.5%. From a total of 60 pools of liver-spleen-lung suspensions, 6 pools yielded positive cultures of Histoplasma capsulatum and 1 pool yielded T. mentagrophytes. No significant difference was found among the different selective media with respect to recovery of dermatophytes. Among the human pathogenic fungi isolated were Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, H. capsulatum, M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. terrestre, and Sporotrichum sp.
On the Equilibria and Efficiency of the GSP Mechanism in Keyword Auctions with Externalities

In the increasingly important market of online search advertising, a multitude of parameters affect the performance of advertising campaigns and their ability to attract users' attention enough to produce clicks. Thus far, the majority of the relevant literature assumed an advertisement's probability of receiving a click to be dependent on the advertisement's quality and its position in the sponsored search list, but independent of the other advertisements shown on the same webpage. We examine a promising new model [1, 16] that incorporates the externalities effect based on the probabilistic behavior of a typical user. We focus on the Generalized Second Price mechanism used in practice and examine the Nash equilibria of the model. We also investigate the performance of this mechanism under the new model by comparing the efficiency of its equilibria to the optimal efficiency.
A new criterion for determination of fixed modes

A necessary and sufficient condition for the determination of fixed modes is presented. This condition is independent of eigenvalues and expressed directly by means of the matrices of the given system. It is a solution to the problem proposed by Anderson and Clements in 'Algebraic characterization of fixed modes in decentralized control' (Automatica 17, 1981, pp.703-1712). >
The Fourth Surface-Exposed Region of the Outer Membrane Protein P5-Homologous Adhesin of Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Is an Immunodominant But Nonprotective Decoying Epitope

Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of otitis media and other mucosal infections. After natural disease in children and experimental disease in chinchillas, we found a hierarchical pattern of immunodominance among the four surface-exposed regions of the P5-homologous adhesin, with the greatest response directed to region 4. However, Ab to region 4 is not protective. When this natural but biased response was refocused to region 3 by immunization, augmented bacterial clearance and protection from ascending otitis media was observed. Collectively, the data indicate that region 4 contains a highly immunodominant but nonprotective decoying epitope, the presence of which dampens the immune response to a subdominant but protective epitope in region 3.
The role of insulin resistance in the development of muscle wasting during cancer cachexia

Background Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities. Insulin resistance is present in many cancer patients and may be one mechanism through which muscle wasting occurs.
Cancer of the floor of the mouth in Connecticut, 1935-1959.

The statistics of the Connecticut Tumor Registry on cancer of the floor of the mouth were reviewed for 1935 to 1959. The majority of the lesions were epidermoid carcinoma and the disease is predominantly of men (10 to 1) in the older age groups. The over-all incidence (age-adjusted) for both sexes combined was 0.9 cases per 100,000 population, 1.8 for men and 0.1 for women. The site, floor of mouth, composed approximately one fifth of all oral cancer. The lesion was localized in 47% of all cases at the time of diagnosis and there was regional involvement in 41%. Approximately one half the patients (54%) were treated by irradiation alone; one quarter (24%) were treated solely by surgical measures. The over-all observed 5-year survival rate was 28% with a value of 41% for those whose disease was localized.
Ranking accounting journals using dissertation citation analysis: A research note

Abstract Prior literature on accounting journal rankings has provided different journal lists depending on the type of examination (citations- vs. survey-based) and the choice of journals covered. A recent study by Bonner, Hesford, Van der Stede, and Young (2006) [Bonner, S., Hesford, A., Van der Stede, W. A., & Young, M. S. (2006). The most influential journals in academic accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society , 31(7), 663–685] documents disproportionately more citations in the financial accounting area, suggesting a financial accounting bias in the accounting literature. We use citations from accounting dissertations completed during 1999–2003 to provide a ranking of accounting journals. The database allows us to assess the research interests of new accounting scholars and the literature sources they draw from. Another innovation is our ranking of accounting journals based on specialty areas (auditing, financial, managerial, tax, systems, and other) and research methods (archival, experimental, modeling, survey, and other). To mitigate the financial accounting bias documented by Bonner et al. (2006) , we derive a ranking metric by scaling (normalizing) the journal citations by the number of dissertations within each specialty area and research method. Overall, the top journals are , JAR, AOS, TAR, and JAE. We also provide evidence that top journal rankings do vary by specialty area as well as by research methods.
Joining conditions for cosmological perturbations at an equation-of-state transition.

Joining conditions for cosmological spatial irregularities at an equation-of-state transition spatial hypersurface are derived by requiring that the relativistic linear perturbation theory equations of motion remain singularity-free at the transition spatial hypersurface. The transition spatial hypersurface is taken to be a spatially homogeneous local energy-density spatial hypersurface, between two spacetime-dependent "speed-of-sound" fluid-dominated epochs of a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker cosmological model. Since the spacetime-dependent "speed-of-sound" fluid model includes, as special cases, both the scalar field model and the ideal fluid model, these joining conditions may be used at the scalar-field-radiation and radiation-baryon transitions in simple inflation-modified hot big-bang models. These joining conditions differ from two earlier sets of joining conditions (which differ from each other).
Transient Overexpression of α-Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Enhances Behavioral Responding to Amphetamine

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to contribute to the expression of psychostimulant sensitization by regulating dopamine (DA) overflow from DA neuron terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The present experiments explored the contribution of CaMKII in NAcc neurons postsynaptic to these terminals where it is known to participate in a number of signaling pathways that regulate responding to psychostimulant drugs. Exposure to amphetamine transiently increased αCaMKII levels in the shell but not the core of the NAcc. Thus, HSV (herpes simplex viral) vectors were used to transiently overexpress αCaMKII in NAcc neurons in drug-naive rats, and behavioral responding to amphetamine was assessed. Transiently overexpressing αCaMKII in the NAcc shell led to long-lasting enhancement of amphetamine-induced locomotion and self-administration manifested when αCaMKII levels were elevated and persisting long after they had returned to baseline. Enhanced locomotion was not observed after infection in the NAcc core or sites adjacent to the NAcc. Transient elevation of NAcc shell αCaMKII levels also enhanced locomotor responding to NAcc AMPA and increased phosphorylation levels of GluR1 (Ser831), a CaMKII site, both soon and long after infection. Similar increases in pGluR1 (Ser831) were observed both soon and long after exposure to amphetamine. These results indicate that the transient increase in αCaMKII observed in neurons of the NAcc shell after viral-mediated gene transfer and likely exposure to amphetamine leads to neuroadaptations in AMPA receptor signaling in this site that may contribute to the long-lasting maintenance of behavioral and incentive sensitization by psychostimulant drugs like amphetamine.
Effect of nanoparticles on the thermal stability of PMMA nanocomposites prepared by in situ bulk polymerization

Al2O3 and ZnO filled poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites were synthesized by free radical (bulk) polymerization. Efficient dispersion was achieved by predispersing the nanoparticles in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) followed by ultrasonication of nanoparticles into the PMMA syrup. Thermal analysis confirms chemisorption between PGMEA and metal oxide particles. The addition of nanoparticle affects degradation mechanism and consequently improves thermal stability of PMMA. The reduction of polymer chain mobility and the tendency of nanoparticles to eliminate free radicals are the principal effects responsible for these enhancements.
Linear boundary values of weakly quasiregular mappings

We use a new construction in the spirit of Gromov's convex integration to prove a rather surprising result that every affine map is the boundary value of a weakly quasiregular map in any Sobolev space with index p<n/2 . Our method is based on constructing special Cauchy sequences by convex integration for certain vectorial Hamilton–Jacobi equations.
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl as a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin antagonist in C57BL/6J mice.

At doses as high as 750 to 1000 mumol/kg, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) did not cause fetal cleft palate, suppress the splenic plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells, or induce hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) in C57BL/6J mice. Despite the lack of activity of HCBP in eliciting any of these aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated responses, competitive binding studies indicated that HCBP competitively displaced 2,3,7,8-[3H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) from the murine hepatic cytosolic receptor. Cotreatment of C57BL/6J mice with TCDD (3.7 nmol/kg) and HCBP or 4,4'-diiodo-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (I2-TCBP) (400 or 1000 mumol/kg) showed that both compounds partially antagonized TCDD-mediated cleft palate and immunotoxicity (i.e., suppression of the splenic plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells), and HCBP antagonized TCDD-mediated hepatic microsomal EROD induction. Thus, HCBP and I2-TCBP, like the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254, were partial antagonists of TCDD action in C57BL/6J mice; however, it was also apparent from the results that Aroclor 1254 was the more effective antagonist at lower doses. Using [3H]TCDD, it was also shown that some of the effects of HCBP on TCDD-mediated cleft palate may be due to the decreased levels of TCDD found in the fetal palates after cotreatment with TCDD and HCBP. 4,4'-[125I2]diiodo-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl ([125I2]TCBP) of high specific activity (3350 Ci/mmol) was synthesized and used to investigate the direct binding of this compound to the murine hepatic Ah receptor or other cytosolic proteins. No direct specific binding was observed between 125I2-TCBP and any cytosolic proteins using a sucrose density gradient assay procedure. These results contrasted with previous studies with Aroclor 1254 that suggested that this mixture acted as a competitive Ah receptor antagonist.
Synthesis and characterization of the heterobinuclear μ-methylene complex (CO)4 FePt(PPh3)2 (μ-CH2)

Abstract The new bridging methylene complex (CO)4FePt (PPh3)2(μ-CH2), has been prepared by the reaction of Fe2(μ-CH2)(CO)8 with Pt(PPh3)2(CH2CH2) and has been crystallographically characterized: P21/c, a = 10.338(2), b = 19.604(5), c = 18.422(4) A, β = 105.30(2), Dc = 1.65, Z = 4, R = 3.54, Rw = 3.64 for 4052 reflections with Fo ⩾ 5 σ(Fo). The iron atom has a distorted octahedral geometry defined by the four carbonyl ligands, the platinum atom, and the methylene ligand, whereas the platinum center has a distorted square planar geometry.
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. The predicted protein sequence of 638 amino acids has substantial sequence similarity to the E. coli cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase in the nucleotide-binding fold region that constitutes the potential active site. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that evolution of the full complement of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases occurred prior to the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Particle-hole ambiguity in the parameters of the microscopic interacting boson model

The parameters of the microscopic interacting boson model that emerge from a multi-nondegenerate-orbit theory are shown to depend on whether they are generated in terms of correlated pairs of particles or correlated pairs of holes. It is suggested that the ambiguity results from the shell-model truncation inherent in the interacting boson model and that it can be alleviated by including renormalization effects from outside the interacting boson model subspace.