cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mammography screening prevalence and predictors among Arab American women in metropolitan Detroit

A109 Mammography screening behavior has not been well studied among Middle Eastern immigrant women. Metropolitan Detroit is home to one of the largest populations of Middle East immigrants in the US. By calling random households with Arab surnames identified through a directory service matched with an Arab surname file, we conducted a telephone survey of 365 Arab American women 40 years or older who had no history of breast cancer or breast "lumps". Our objectives were to determine prevalence of screening mammography, demographic factors associated with mammography screening, and attitudes and beliefs regarding mammography screening (using Health Belief Model). Of the 365 participants, only 5 were born in the US. Response rate among eligible women was 52.8%. Mean age was 53.2 years (SD 10.8). Two hundred twelve (58.1%) reported mammography every 1-2 years; 70% ever had mammogram. In polytomous multivariate regression, compared to women without mammography, women reporting mammography every 1-2 years were more likely to be 50-64 years old, have health insurance, be married, in US 11 or more years, and be from Lebanon. After adjusting for demographic factors, perceived seriousness of disease, general health motivation, and having fewer barriers were associated with more frequent screening. Specific barriers were "feeling funny or embarrassed", "mammograms are unpleasant", and "having a mammogram will make me worry about cancer". Appropriate mammography screening is decreased in this population group. Targeted outreach regarding screening is appropriate for this population; however, lack of insurance may prevent adequate referral and care of women with suspicious mammograms.
Abstract 2699: Targeting GSK-3: a novel approach to enhance glioblastoma chemosensitivity

Glioblastoma (GBM) is, in essence, an incurable cancer, with most patients surviving 12-15 months following initial diagnosis. Previously published studies identified Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) as a new therapeutic target in GBM. Because GSK-3beta is a positive regulator of NF-kappaB-mediated survival and chemoresistance in cancer cells, we hypothesize that the inhibition of GSK-3 may overcome NF-kappaB-mediated chemoresistance to conventional drugs in human GBM. Using IVIS imaging of live mice, we found that: 1) NF-kappaB is constitutively active in orthotopic GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors expressing an NF-kappa luciferase reporter; and 2) a single intravenous injection of our novel GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 (25 mg/kg) significantly reduced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in orthotopic GBM PDX. Using 3 different orthotopic GBM PDX- tumor models, enabled for bioluminescence imaging through luciferase modification, we evaluated antitumor effects of 9-ING-41, alone as well as in combination with irinotecan, CCNU and temozolomide. Our in vivo results revealed that treatment with a combination of 9-ING-41 and irinotecan delays GBM PDX tumor growth, relative to either agent as a monotherapy, and, even more promising, 9-ING-41+CCNU leads to a complete tumor regression. Histological evaluation of mouse brain confirmed the absence of cancer cells and a formation of cyst at the location of intracranial tumor in mice treated with 9-ING-41+CCNU. Our results provide a rationale to advance 9-ING-41 for clinical evaluation in treating GBM, especially when combined with CCNU cytotoxic therapy. Citation Format: Andrey Ugolkov, Oleksii Dubrovskyi, Irina Gaisina, Alex Yemelyanov, Gennadiy Bondarenko, Charles James, James Chandler, Thomas O9Halloran, Alan Kozikowski, Jeffry Raizer, Andrew Mazar. Targeting GSK-3: a novel approach to enhance glioblastoma chemosensitivity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2699. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2699
Outcomes of Physician-Staffed Versus Non-Physician-Staffed Helicopter Transport for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background The effect of physician‐staffed helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) on ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient transfer is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of physician‐staffed HEMS (Physician‐HEMS) versus non‐physician‐staffed (Standard‐HEMS) in patients with STEMI. Methods and Results We studied 398 STEMI patients transferred by either Physician‐HEMS (n=327) or Standard‐HEMS (n=71) for primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention at 2 hospitals between 2006 and 2014. Data were collected from electronic medical records and each institution's contribution to the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Median electrocardiogram‐to‐balloon time was longer for the Standard‐HEMS group than for the Physician‐HEMS group (118 vs 107 minutes; P =0.002). The Standard‐HEMS group was more likely than the Physician‐HEMS group to receive nitroglycerin (37% vs 15%; P <0.001) and opioid analgesics (42.3% vs 21.7%; P <0.001) during transport. In‐hospital adverse outcomes, including cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, and serious arrhythmias, were more common in the Standard‐HEMS group (25.4% vs 11.3%; P =0.002). After adjusting for age, sex, Killip class, and transport time, patients transferred by Standard‐HEMS had increased risk of any serious in‐hospital adverse event (odds ratio=2.91; 95% CI=1.39–6.06; P =0.004). In‐hospital mortality was not statistically different between the 2 groups (9.9% in the Standard‐HEMS group vs 4.9% in the Physician‐HEMS group; P =0.104). Conclusions Patients with STEMI transported by Standard‐HEMS had longer transport times, higher rates of nitroglycerin and opioid administration, and higher rates of adjusted in‐hospital events. Efforts to better understand optimal transport strategies in STEMI patients are needed.
A tunable hybrid waveguide-coupled cavity design for improved spin-photon interfaces

We describe a hybrid cavity design for enhancing quantum emitters that achieves an unloaded quality factor Q > 1 × 106 and loaded Q of 5.5 × 104 with >75% of the emission coupled to a waveguide mode. The cavity resonance can be spectrally tuned by microelectromechanical actuation.
A Visual Survey of Global Slab Geometries With ShowEarthModel and Implications for a Three-Dimensional Subduction Paradigm

These are the 16 videos of virtual voyages through the Earth's interior exploring the modern slab geometries. These 16 videos accompany the Earth and Space Science, 2018, manuscript entitled "A Visual Survey of Global Slab Geometries with ShowEarthModel and Implications for a Three-dimensional Subduction Paradigm" by Margarete Jadamec, Oliver Kreylos, Benjamin Chang, Karen Fischer, M. Burak Yikilmaz. Data sources: 1-Gudmundsson and Sambridge [1998] slab contours in 50 km. 2-Syracuse and Abers [2006] slab contours in 50 km. 3-Hayes et al. [2012] slab surfaces. 4-Bird [2003] plate boundaries. 5-Engdahl and Villasenor [2002] earthquake hypocenters. 6-Jadamec and Billen [2010] slab surface. 7-Jadamec and Fischer [2013] slab surfaces.
Participation in Technology Standards Development: A Decision Model for the Information and Communications Technology Industry

Abstract This study presents a framework to guide managers in the ICT industry in assessing the factors that inform the decision to participate in the development of technology standards. Using multi-criteria decision analysis and judgment data from panels of experts, a robust model is developed that comprehends the essential criteria and outcomes within the context of computer interconnect technologies. The resultant, generalizable model is validated against the case of the extant Universal Serial Bus (USB) interconnect standard and found to be congruent with the assessment of the experts.
A New Class of EutT ATP:Co(I)rrinoid Adenosyltransferases Found in Listeria monocytogenes and Other Firmicutes Does Not Require a Metal Ion for Activity.

ATP:Co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferases (ACATs) are involved in de novo adenosylcobamide (AdoCba) biosynthesis and in salvaging complete and incomplete corrinoids from the environment. The ACAT enzyme family is comprised of three classes of structurally and evolutionarily distinct proteins (i.e., CobA, PduO, and EutT). The structure of EutT is unknown, and an understanding of its mechanism is incomplete. The Salmonella enterica EutT (SeEutT) enzyme is the best-characterized member of its class and is known to be a ferroprotein. Here, we report the identification and initial biochemical characterization of an enzyme representative of a new class of EutTs that does not require a metal ion for activity. In vivo and in vitro evidence shows that the metal-free EutT homologue from Listeria monocytogenes (LmEutT) has ACAT activity and that, unlike other ACATs, the biologically active form of LmEutT is a tetramer. In vitro studies revealed that LmEutT was more efficient than SeEutT and displayed positive cooperativ...
Abstract P048: Early Cardiometabolic Risk: The Prevalence of Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia in U.S. Populations

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prediabetes (PreD) identify individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk. However, by the time those conditions develop, a significant decline in beta-c...
Role of cytosine deaminase and β-alanine-pyruvate transaminase in pyrimidine base catabolism by Burkholderia cepacia

A determination of the possible role of the salvage enzyme cytosine deaminase or β-alanine-pyruvate transaminase in the catabolism of the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine by the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416 was undertaken. It was of interest to learn whether these enzymes were influenced by cell growth on pyrimidine bases and their respective catabolic products to the same degree as the pyrimidine reductive catabolic enzymes were. It was found that cytosine deaminase activity was influenced very little by cell growth on the pyrimidines tested. Using glucose as the carbon source, only B. cepacia growth on 5-methylcytosine as a nitrogen source increased deaminase activity by about three-fold relative to (NH4)2SO4-grown cells. In contrast, the activity of β–alanine-pyruvate transaminase was observed to be at least double in glucose-grown ATCC 25416 cells when pyrimidine bases and catabolic products served as nitrogen sources instead of (NH4)2SO4. Transaminase activity in the B. cepacia glucose-grown cells was maximal after the strain was grown on either uracil or 5-methylcytosine as a nitrogen source compared to (NH4)2SO4-grown cells. A possible role for β-alanine-pyruvate transaminase in pyrimidine base catabolism by B. cepacia would seem to be suggested from the similarity in how its enzyme activity responded to cell growth on pyrimidine bases and catabolic products when compared to the response of the three reductive catabolic enzymes.
Matrix-metalloproteinase expression and gelatinase activity in the avian retina and their influence on Müller glia proliferation.

Gelatinases are a class of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) to regulate intercellular signaling and cell migration. Gelatinase activity is tightly regulated via proteolytic activation and through the expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Gelatinase activity has been implicated in retinal pathophysiology in different animal models and human disease. However, the role of gelatinases in retinal regeneration remains uncertain. In this study we investigated the dynamic changes in gelatinase activity in response to excitotoxic damage and how this enzymatic activity influenced the formation of Muller glia progenitor cells (MGPCs) in the avian retina. This study used hydrogels containing a gelatinase-degradable fluorescent peptide to measure gelatinase activity in vitro and dye quenched gelatin to localize enzymatic activity in situ. These data were corroborated by using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Gelatinase mRNA, specifically MMP2, was detected in oligodendrocytes and Non-Astrocytic Inner Retinal Glia (NIRG). Total retinal gelatinase activity was reduced following NMDA-treatment, and sustained inhibition of MMP2 prior to damage or growth factor treatment increased the formation of proliferating MGPCs and c-fos signaling. We observed that microglia, Muller glia (MG), and NIRG cells were involved in regulating changes in gelatinase activity through TIMP2 and TIMP3. Collectively, these findings implicate MMP2 in reprogramming of Muller glia into MGPCs.
Analytical reverse time migration with new imaging conditions for one-sided nondestructive evaluation of concrete elements using shear waves.

Abstract Cross-correlation imaging condition of reverse time migration generates high-amplitude artifacts in the reconstructed images. In addition, due to geometrical spreading and scattering attenuations, this imaging condition assigns amplitudes to the points of the reconstructed image that are not a true representative of the reflection coefficient of the scanned medium at those points. These all can lead to a reduction in quality and misinterpretation of the reconstructed images. In this paper, we proposed new imaging conditions to mitigate high-amplitude artifacts and to assign more accurate amplitudes to an RTM image by considering geometrical spreading and scattering attenuation in concrete members when horizontal shear waves are used for imaging. We used data obtained by transmitting horizontal shear waves to 3D synthetic homogeneous and concrete specimens and demonstrated the effectiveness of the new imaging conditions.
Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy of patient history, clinical findings, and physical tests in the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis

To update evidence of diagnostic potential for identification of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) based on demographic and patient history, clinical findings, and physical tests, and report posttest probabilities associated with test findings. An electronic search of PubMed, CINAHL and Embase was conducted combining terms related to low back pain, stenosis and diagnostic accuracy. Prospective or retrospective studies investigating diagnostic accuracy of LSS using patient history, clinical findings and/or physical tests were included. The risk of bias and applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS 2) tool. Diagnostic accuracy including sensitivities (SN), specificities (SP), likelihood ratios (+LR and −LR) and posttest probabilities (+PTP and −PTP) with 95% confidence intervals were summarized. Nine studies were included (pooled n = 36,228 participants) investigating 49 different index tests (30 demographic and patient history and 19 clinical findings/physical tests). Of the nine studies included, only two exhibited a low risk of bias and seven exhibited good applicability according to QUADAS 2. The demographic and patient history measures (self-reported history questionnaire, no pain when seated, numbness of perineal region) and the clinical findings/physical tests (two-stage treadmill test, symptoms after a March test and abnormal Romberg test) highly improved positive posttest probability by > 25% to diagnose LSS. Outside of one study that was able to completely rule out LSS with no functional neurological changes none of the stand-alone findings were strong enough to rule in or rule out LSS. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Evaluation of Relative Seismic Performance between One- and Two-Story Houses

We evaluate the relative seismic risk between one- and two-story single-family houses, critically assessing the practice of lumping them into a single class for regional risk assessments. Two-story...
Polarity dependent DC resistance degradation and electrical breakdown in Nb doped PZT films

The role of interfacial defect chemistry in time dependent breakdown and associated charge transport mechanisms was investigated for Pb0.99(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98Nb0.02O3 (PNZT) films. Electrical degradation was strongly dependent on the sign of the electric field; a significant increase in the median time to failure from 4.8 ± 0.7 to 7.6 ± 0.4 h was observed when the top electrode was biased negatively compared to the bottom electrode. The improvement in the electrical reliability of Pt/PNZT/Pt films is attributed to (1) a VO•• distribution across the film due to PbO nonstoichiometry and (2) Ti/Zr segregation in PNZT films. Compositional mapping indicates that PbO loss is more severe near the bottom electrode, leading to a VO•• gradient across the film thickness. Upon degradation, VO•• migration toward the bottom Pt electrode is enhanced. The concentration of VO•• accumulated near the bottom Pt interface (6.2 × 1018/cm3) after degradation under an electric field of 350 kV/cm for 12 h was two times higher than that near the top Pt/PNZT interface (3.8 × 1018/cm3). The VO•• accumulation near the bottom Pt/PNZT interface causes severe band bending and a decrease in potential barrier height, which in turn accelerates the electron injection, followed by electron trapping by Ti4+. This causes a dramatic increase in the leakage current upon degradation. In contrast to the bottom Pt/PNZT interface, only a small decrease in potential barrier height for electron injection was observed at the top Pt/PNZT interface following degradation. It is also possible that a Zr-rich layer near the top interface reduces electron trapping by Ti4+.
Chemoradiotherapy-induced Cytodifferentiation in Bladder/Prostate Rhabdomyosarcoma With Genetic Downregulation of Myogenin and MyoD1 Gene Expression: A Case Study and Review of the Literature

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, arising from the bladder/prostate in only 5%-10% of cases. Treatment-induced cytodifferention of tumor cells into mature rhabdomyoblasts has been reported following chemoradiation and is thought to suggest a more favorable outcome. We report a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder/prostate that exhibited extensive cytodifferentiation with downregulation of myogenin and MyoD1 gene expression in rhabdomyoblasts following treatment with chemoradiation therapy. The downregulation of myogenin and MyoD1 expression in rhabdomyoblasts following chemoradiation treatment has not previously been described in the literature and its significant remains uncertain.
Effective eLearning and Transformative Pedagogical Strategies: STEM Programs

This research exposed gaps in the current literature for online learning and transformative pedagogical strategies in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) programs. These voids were explored, and new blended strategies were provided to encourage online educators to develop effective pedagogical designs in STEM programs. Online education is no longer thought of as a passing trend, but as a viable alternative to traditional educational teaching methods. STEM educators need to develop online learning platforms that are flexible and effective, that enrich the student's experience while not diminishing the intellectual growth of the learner. This will help build learner cohesion and a more stable and effective learning environment, one that has the opportunity to develop into a community of learning. Research indicates that the STEM areas of study require a different pedagogical design than those in other curricula such as liberal arts and social science programs, specifically in the area of developing Higher Order Cognitive Skills (HOCS) in learners. This paper focuses on the pedagogical designs that will enable universities to successfully establish STEM online learning programs at their institutions.
Security of Cloud FPGAs: A Survey

Integrating Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) with cloud computing instances is a rapidly emerging trend on commercial cloud computing platforms such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Huawei cloud, and Alibaba cloud. Cloud FPGAs allow cloud users to build hardware accelerators to speed up the computation in the cloud. However, since the cloud FPGA technology is still in its infancy, the security implications of this integration of FPGAs in the cloud are not clear. In this paper, we survey the emerging field of cloud FPGA security, providing a comprehensive overview of the security issues related to cloud FPGAs, and highlighting future challenges in this research area.
Exploring the links among borderline personality disorder symptoms, trauma, and pain in patients with chronic pain disorders

Abstract Objective Chronic pain and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are commonly comorbid and jointly associated with increased symptoms of both disorders and clinical and functional impairment. Little is known, however, about specific links between these disorders. In a cross-sectional study of patients with chronic pain, we compared participants high or low on BPD symptoms on patterns of pain experience and types of child and adult traumas. Methods Adults (N = 181) with chronic pain completed self-reports of pain severity, dimensions of pain experiencing, body coverage of pain, and clinical indicators of central sensitization (i.e., chronic hypersensitivity of the central nervous system), as well as measures of child and adult physical abuse, sexual abuse, trauma, and neglect. Participants also completed the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD. Results Participants with clinically significant BPD symptoms (n = 32) reported more childhood sexual trauma, punishment, and neglect, as well as adult physical/sexual trauma, than those without elevated BPD symptoms. Among participants with clinically significant BPD symptoms, affective pain and central sensitization were elevated, potentially explained by heightened negative affect in BPD. Conclusion BPD symptoms are associated with increased clinical severity among patients with chronic pain as well as a unique manifestation of pain experiencing (i.e., increased affective pain and central sensitization in particular). Childhood trauma of all types is associated with chronic pain and BPD co-occurrence. Researchers and clinicians should assess for BPD in people with chronic pain to enhance conceptual models of the transaction between these disorders and to improve clinical care.
Clouds and Radiation in a Mock-Walker Circulation

The Walker circulation connects the regions with deep atmospheric convection in the western tropical Pacific to the shallow-convection, tropospheric subsidence, and stratocumulus cloud decks of the...
‘Now I Am Not Afraid’: Simon Nkoli, Queer Utopias and Transnational Solidarity

This article employs the epistolary exchanges between Simon Nkoli, a South African gay rights and anti-apartheid activist undergoing trial in Delmas, South Africa in the late 1980s, and Andrew Hans...
Serial assessment of HeartMate 3 pump position and inflow angle and effects on adverse events.

OBJECTIVES This study analyses the position of the HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device on serial radiographs to assess positional change and possible correlation with adverse events. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 59 left ventricular assist device recipients who had serial chest radiographs at 1 month, 6 months and 12 months post-implantation between November 2014 and June 2018. We measured pump angle, pump-spine distance and pump-diaphragm depth and investigated their relationship to a composite outcome of heart failure readmission, low flow alarms, stroke or inflow/outflow occlusion requiring surgical repositioning through recurrent event survival modelling. RESULTS Between 1 and 6 months, the absolute pump-spine distance changed by 10.00 mm (P < 0.01) and the absolute pump-diaphragm depth changed by 18.80 mm (P < 0.01). These parameters did not change significantly between 6 and 12 months post-implantation. Pump angle did not change significantly over any period. Twenty-six patients experienced the composite outcome; in these patients, the median 1-month pump angle was 66.2° (interquartile range 54.5-78.0) as compared to 59.0° (interquartile range 47.0-65.0) in the 33 patients who did not have adverse events (P = 0.04). Pump depth and pump-spine distance at 1 month were not associated with the composite outcome. Change in pump depth between 1 and 6 months [hazard ratio (HR) 1.019; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.000-1.039] and between 6 and 12 months (HR 1.020; 95% CI 1.000-1.040) were weakly associated with the composite outcome. CONCLUSIONS Larger pump angles are associated with the composite outcome of position-related adverse events. Pump depth movement is weakly associated with the composite outcome.
Promoting Social-Emotional Development In Children Experiencing Economic Hardship Using TBRI® Nurture Group©

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of occupational therapy group intervention using Trust Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®) Nurture Groups© on preschool children’s social, emo...
Hypoxemia in infants with trisomy 21 in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Newborns with trisomy 21 (T21) often require NICU hospitalization. Oxygen desaturations are frequently observed in these infants, even in the absence of congenital heart defects (CHD). We hypothesized that NICU patients with T21 have more hypoxemia than those without T21. All infants with T21 without significant CHD discharged home from the NICU between 2009 and 2018 were included (n = 23). Controls were matched 20:1 for gestational age and length of stay. We compared daily severe hypoxemia events (SpO2 < 80% for ≥10 s) for the whole NICU stay and the pre-discharge week. Infants with T21 showed significantly more daily hypoxemia events during their entire NICU stay (median 10 versus 7, p = 0.0064), and more so in their final week (13 versus 7, p = 0.0008). NICU patients with T21 without CHD experience more severe hypoxemia events than controls, particularly in the week before discharge. Whether this hypoxemia predicts or contributes to adverse outcomes is unknown.
Extremum Seeking Over a Discrete Action Space

Extremum Seeking is a black box optimization/-control technique that utilizes perturbations to system inputs in order to optimize outputs. In this work, we propose an extension to the family of Extremum Seeking for model-free optimization of convex functions over a discrete action space. We refer to this method as Discrete Action Extremum Seeking (DA-ES). In this setting the DA-ES controller perturbs system inputs by visiting neighboring discrete actions, and then estimates a gradient from the resulting output signal. The DA-ES then uses the gradient estimate to select the best action to optimize the objective (e.g. the system output), and the perturbation process repeats. In this paper we outline the DA-ES algorithm, and derive convergence criteria for local minima of convex functions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of DA-ES in optimizing convex functions over a space of discrete actions.
Nursing Experience Using Art Therapy With Parents Facing the Death of a Newborn

When a newborn requires immediate hospitalization due to a potentially life-threatening situation, parents face a sudden and significant increase in stress. This situation and the potential loss of their child will bring great grief and loss to the parents, which may lead to conditions that foster dysfunctional family dynamics. This article describes the author's experience providing hospice care to a dying infant with a group B streptococcus infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. The author served as the primary care nurse from April 5th to July 6th, 2019. Data were collected during direct care provision, observations, and interactions with parents, while overall systemic assessments were used in analysis to establish that the health problems of the case were: (1) existing infection: related to group B streptococcus; (2) ineffective tissue perfusion: insufficient perfusion of multiple organs, including brain, heart, lung, and kidney, due to sepsis infection; and (3) caregiver grief: facing the death of a newborn. Nursing care provided to the patient included maintaining individualized physical functions and retaining physical integrity during the end-of-life period. The nursing care provided to the parents included the use of art therapy to encourage them to express their inner emotions through the writing of memoirs and diaries and their participation in companionship. This intervention was designed to help the parents transition from the grief of denying the collapse to the fact that their baby had died. As Taiwanese culture typically avoids discussions of death, the nursing experience described in this article may provide a reference for caring for similar patients. This article highlights the beauty of nursing through art therapy, demonstrates the achievement of whole-person and family-centered nursing, shows how the case was successfully helped through the crisis, and illustrates how normal family functions may be maintained.
Prejudiced beliefs based on the evidence: responding to a challenge for evidentialism

According to evidentialism, what is epistemically rational to believe is determined by evidence alone. So, assuming that prejudiced beliefs are irrational, evidentialism entails that they must not be properly based on the evidence. Recently, philosophers have been interested in cases of beliefs that seem to undermine evidentialism: these are beliefs that seem both prejudiced (and, thus, irrational) and properly based on the evidence (and, thus, rational). In these cases, a believer has strong statistical evidence that most members of a social group have some property and then comes to believe that an individual member of that social group will likely have that property. For example, a server at a restaurant has statistical evidence that most Black diners tip less than average and then comes to believe that a particular Black diner will likely tip less than average. The goal of this paper is to defend evidentialism from the challenge posed to it by beliefs like the server’s by developing a plausible evidentialist account that explains away these conflicting intuitions.
MO-A-213-02: 2015 Economics Update Part 2

The purpose of this session is to introduce attendees to the healthcare reimbursement system and how it applies to the clinical work of a Medical Physicist. This will include general information about the different categories of payers and payees, how work is described by CPT© codes, and how various payers set values for this work in different clinical settings. 2015 is a year of significant changes to the payment system. Many CPT© codes have been deleted and replaced with new CPT© codes. These codes define some of the most common work performed in our clinics including treatment planning and delivery. This presentation will describe what work is encompassed in these codes and will give attendees an overview of the changes for 2015 as they apply to radiation oncology. Finally, some insight into what can be expected during 2016 will be presented. This includes what information is typically released by the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services (CMS) during the year and how we as an organization respond. This will include ways members can interact with the AAPM professional economics committee and other resources members may find helpful. Learning Objectives: 1.Basics of how Medicare is structured and how reimbursement rates are set. 2.Basic understanding of proposed changes to the 2016 Medicare rules. 3.What resources are available from the AAPM and how to interact with the professional economics committee. Ownership in pxAlpha, LLC, a medical device start up company.
Towards semantics for map styles

Study of semantics in the context of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) usually focuses on association of meaning with spatial data that constitute the input to these systems. The goal is to create new data models that enable richer interaction with GISs. In this paper we widen the perspective of such studies and explore the implications of associating semantics withmap styles that are present implicitly in the output of GISs. Traditionally in computer science style of rendering/presenting data has been viewed as extraneous information that does not add semantic value to data. In GIS however, several styles of rendering maps are possible, and these styles are often motivated by functionality. Thus a map style has a strong association with meaning. In this paper we explore the methods of associating semantics with the style of a map. We discuss the various levels at which semantic associations with map styles can be established, and how this lead to creation of new map rendering styles that exhibit coherence in visualization of spatial information.
The Politics of Heritage

Heritage is often differentiated from history by its selectivity (Logan 2007: 34). While history seeks to explain the past, heritage is a filtered depiction of these events. However, as seen in Chap. 2, historiography in China was traditionally a moral project, centered on describing the lives of both the upright and the immoral in order to instruct people in how to live. This historical approach continued after the victory of the Chinese Communist Party against the Nationalists. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic on October 1, 1949, the presentation, depiction, and interpretation of China’s past have been a political and pedagogical project. Immediately following the defeat of the Nationalist government, all museums were nationalized and reorganized to reflect a strict linear view of Chinese history based on a historical materialist interpretation. Drawing on the work of Henry Lewis Morgan (1818–1881) and Fredrick Engels (1820–1895), this social evolutionary model took as self-evident a universally applicable linear view of history, in which all societies advanced through similar material stages of development. Practicing archeologists were expected to interpret their findings through this politically inspired prism. Moreover, because the Communist Party emphasized a particular ideological interpretation of the past, open inquiry or a nonpolitical analysis of findings was impossible (Keightley 1977: 124). As a discipline, archeology was defined as a subfield of history, which in turn was classified as a social science that provided objective facts.
Laser Flash Photolytic Studies of Arylhalocarbenes

The classical chemistry of the arylhalocarbenes, exemplified by PhCF, PhCCl, and PhCBr, appears to be that of singlet species; stereospecific additions to cis- and trans-butene, electrophilic selectivities toward alkenes, and an absence of hydrogen abstraction or other radical reactions are normative.(1) Even such a “loaded” case as p-F3CC6H4CBr shows no EPR signals in matrix isolation, and its UV spectrum is not quenched in O2-saturated methanol (see below, Ref. 45). Its singlet is predicted to be ~ 12 kcal/mol more stable than its triplet by the approximation of Mueller et al. (2)
Do women stop early? Similarities in fertility decline in humans and chimpanzees

Two kinds of evidence suggest that female fertility may end at an earlier age in modern people than in ancestral populations or in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees. We investigate both to see whether fertility schedules or ovarian follicle counts falsify the alternative hypothesis that the age of terminal fertility changed little in the human lineage while greater longevity evolved due to grandmother effects. We use 19th century Utah women to represent non-contracepting humans, and compare their fertility by age with published records for wild chimpanzees. Then we revisit published counts of ovarian follicular stocks in both species. Results show wide individual variation in age at last birth and oocyte stocks in both humans and chimpanzees. This heterogeneity, combined with interspecific differences in adult mortality, has large and opposing effects on fertility schedules. Neither realized fertility nor rates of follicular atresia stand as evidence against the hypothesis that ages at last birth changed little while greater longevity evolved in our lineage.
Towards an air pollution effects monitoring system for the Sierra Nevada

Abstract Over the next ten to twenty years, California's population is projected to increase, particularly in air basins upwind of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (i.e., San Francisco Bay Area, Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys). Related trends in ozone (O 3 ) concentrations are a matter of special concern, due to a long history of O 3 injury to sensitive pines in national forests of the Sierra Nevada. While the USDA Forest Service has limited authority over polluted air masses crossing into forest boundaries, monitoring results can be used in a collaborative effort with state and federal environmental protection agencies to protect resources at risk. One such effort was initiated under the Sierra Nevada Framework for Conservation and Collaboration. An ambient O 3 concentrations and O 3 effects monitoring system is under development that will integrate previous and current monitoring efforts across agencies, and will track pollutant concentrations and effects over the entire bioregion.
Managerial compensation and corporate spinoffs

Research summary: This article investigates how corporate spinoffs affect managerial compensation. These deals are found to improve the alignment of spinoff firm managers' incentive compensation with stock market performance, especially among spinoff firm managers that used to be divisional managers of the spun-off subsidiary, and particularly when the spun-off subsidiary performs better than or is unrelated to its parent firm's remaining businesses. By contrast, incentive alignment does not improve for the parent firm managers running the divesting companies. This finding appears to be driven by a significant post-spinoff increase in these managers' incentive compensation, the magnitude of which is inversely related to governance quality in their firms. Together, these results elucidate how spinoffs influence managerial compensation in diversified firms and the companies they divest. Managerial summary: This article explores how spinoffs affect incentive alignment: the correlation between incentive compensation and stock market performance. The incentive alignment of spinoff firm managers improves following these deals. These gains are the largest when spinoff firm managers used to be divisional managers of the spun-off subsidiary and when the spun-off subsidiary performs better than or is unrelated to the other businesses in the parent firm. By contrast, incentive alignment does not improve for parent firm managers. Instead, the level of these managers' incentive compensation rises significantly post-spinoff, and the magnitude of this increase is inversely related to governance quality in these firms. Together, these results shed light on the ways in which spinoffs influence managerial compensation in diversified firms and in the companies they divest. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Digital Tomosynthesis to Evaluate Fracture Healing: Prospective Comparison With Radiography and CT.

OBJECTIVE. Radiography, currently the standard for postoperative fracture imaging, is limited by overlapping bone and hardware. Tomosynthesis has the benefit of level-by-level imaging without the disadvantages of metal artifacts, increased radiation, and higher costs of CT, the current problem-solving tool. The purpose of this study was to compare tomosynthesis with radiography for evaluating fracture healing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. In a prospective study, patients within 1 year of wrist hardware fixation underwent radiography, tomosynthesis, and CT, and the images were interpreted by three readers. The diagnostic accuracy of radiology and tomosynthesis was assessed with ROC curves, and interreader agreement was assessed with Cohen kappa. Fracture scores were correlated with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and pain scores. RESULTS. The study participants were 49 patients with 51 fractures. The most common fracture sites were distal radius (43%), scaphoid (18%), and metacarpals (18%). Rat...
From the Other to the Double: Identity in Conflict and the Boston Marathon Bombing

Mediated representations of identity have long been mobilized to energize war efforts. While conflict has changed significantly in the past 70 years, thinking about the relationship between identity, media representation, and conflict continues to revolve around notions of the Other. This article develops a more nuanced theory of identity and conflict, as it manifests in the phenomenon of homegrown terrorism, through the figure of the Double. The function of identity in and for conflict is explored by situating media representations of threat in the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing within theories of enmity and biopower. Ultimately, the article argues that the Double, which unsettles identity and defers its closure, is a fundamental component of the strategies and discourses of contemporary conflict.
Use of a point-of-care portable blood analyzer for evaluation of blood gas analytes and select physiologic parameters in the American flamingo ( Phoenicopterus ruber )

This study was conducted in order to evaluate blood gas analytes using a portable clinical analyzer in captive American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). Seventeen healthy flamingos were evaluated as part of an overall clinical health assessment. Each bird underwent a complete physical examination, complete blood count, and serum biochemistry testing. Blood samples were collected from the medial metatarsal vein and using the VetScan i-STAT® analyzer, tested for the following parameters: hydrogen ion concentration, oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, sodium, potassium, ionized calcium, hematocrit, and various calculated parameters. The different parameters of venous blood gas were described using the mean, median, the interquartile range, P2.5 and P97.5, and minimum and maximum values. A comparison between sexes revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in any of the observed values. The test provided rapid results and was easy to use, making it useful for point-of-care use in zoological settings, or hospitalized critical avian patients. Knowledge of baseline parameters can promote better physiological understanding and improve clinical management of this avian species.
Food selection studies of rats fed tryptophan-imbalanced diets with or without niacin.

Rats given a choice between an unbalanced diet (7.8% amino acid mixture lacking tryptophan added to an 8% casein diet adequate in niacin) and a protein-free diet consistently rejected the unbalanced diet and ate mainly the protein-free diet, a behavioral pattern similar to that of rats offered a choice between other amino acid-imbalanced diets and a protein-free diet. However, when a choice was given between a diet with a tryptophan imbalance, induced by the addition of 0.18 to 0.8% threonine to a niacin-free 8% casein diet (amino acid-induced niacin deficiency) and a protein-free diet the rats did not show any aversion to the unbalanced diet, but continued to eat it until they developed de ficiency signs typical of niacin deficiency. Only tryptophan would reverse the choice in the first situation above, whereas either niacin or tryptophan would improve growth and prevent the deficiency symptoms of the latter group. These results suggest that two different metabolic responses occur with the two types of tryptophan-imbalanced diets. From these and other growth and choice studies it appears that the superior nutritional quality of a diet, per se, is not enough to insure the selection of the nutritionally superior diet. That is, the choice which satisfies the metabolic need (response) or is selected in response to a need to restore homeostatis may or may not coincide with the nutritionally superior diet. Although rats choose a tryptophan-corrected diet (adequate in niacin) over the niacin-adequate, tryptophan-imbalanced diet, there is little evidence that rats are capable of choosing a diet adequate in niacin if there are no other differences in the diet. J. Nutr. 102: 131-142, 1972.
Neural Timing of Ovulation in Immature Rats

Treated with Gonadotrophin Thirty-two-day-old female rats, injected two days previously with gonadotrophin from pregnant mares' serum, were given barbiturate at different times during the afternoon to determine whether the ovulation that would occur the next day could be blocked. The results indicate that ovulation depends upon release of pituitary ovulating hormone during a"critical period" between 2 and 4 P.M.
The Inclusion Controversy: Emerging Patterns in Case Law

Neither P.L. 94-142 nor its amendments, the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990, refers to the terms “inclusion” or “mainstreaming,” addressing only the issue of placement in...
Linking GABAA receptor subunits to alcohol-induced conditioned taste aversion and recovery from acute alcohol intoxication

Abstract GABA type A receptors (GABA A -R) are important for ethanol actions and it is of interest to link individual subunits with specific ethanol behaviors. We studied null mutant mice for six different GABA A -R subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5 and δ). Only mice lacking the α2 subunit showed reduction of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to ethanol. These results are in agreement with data from knock-in mice with mutation of the ethanol-sensitive site in the α2-subunit ( Blednov et al., 2011 ). All together, they indicate that aversive property of ethanol is dependent on ethanol action on α2-containing GABA A -R. Deletion of the α2-subunit led to faster recovery whereas absence of the α3-subunit slowed recovery from ethanol-induced incoordination (rotarod). Deletion of the other four subunits did not affect this behavior. Similar changes in this behavior for the α2 and α3 null mutants were found for flurazepam motor incoordination. However, no differences in recovery were found in motor-incoordinating effects of an α1-selective modulator (zolpidem) or an α4-selective agonist (gaboxadol). Therefore, recovery of rotarod incoordination is under control of two GABA A -R subunits: α2 and α3. For motor activity, α3 null mice demonstrated higher activation by ethanol (1 g/kg) whereas both α2 (−/−) and α3 (−/Y) knockout mice were less sensitive to ethanol-induced reduction of motor activity (1.5 g/kg). These studies demonstrate that the effects of ethanol at GABAergic synapses containing α2 subunit are important for specific behavioral effects of ethanol which may be relevant to the genetic linkage of the α2 subunit with human alcoholism.
Amyloid in a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. Electron microscopic observations.

A case of cellular pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland was studied by electron microscopy. The tumor contained stromal masses of 8-nm filaments that were identified as amyloid. None of the surrounding cells contained amyloid fibers
Leave Your Job at Work: The Possible Antecedents of Work–Family Conflict Among Correctional Staff

Even though work–family conflict has been linked to negative outcomes for both correctional facilities and staff, little research has been conducted on how workplace factors may be related to it. T...