cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electric field determination of methane in a glow discharge using stark broadening measurements

The use of hydrocarbons as working gases for plasma discharges is of interest for a number of reasons. The use of arc ignition in combustion engines has persisted since their invention, but nonthermal plasma discharges offer potential for improving combustion characteristics1. Additionally, plasmas provide a means for the conversion of methane into higher, more attractive, hydrocarbons2 as well as plasma reforming for hydrogen production. Here, we present preliminary spatially resolved electric field measurements, made by use of the observed Stark effect, in a glow discharge with methane as a working gas. The discharge was sustained by circular, planar electrodes in a pyrex cross. Initial qualification of the system was done using helium and compared to previous studies3. Subsequent operation was sustained in a methane environment (using helium as a tracer gas) with supporting diagnostics used to verify discharge models. These measurements are critical for accurate understanding and modeling of the plasma chemistry as they provide a direct quantification of the reduced electric field. The qualification of these optical diagnostics is a necessary precursor to further research into pulsed, nonthermal plasmas which also have applications in supersonic and hypersonic transport4.
Tubular linear induction motor for hydraulic capsule pipeline. I. Finite element analysis

An axisymmetric model of the magnetic field of the tubular linear induction motor (TLIM) for application to hydraulic capsule pipelines is developed using finite element method (FEM) analysis. The FEM model is used to analyze a specific TLIM design at standstill for a given supply current. The finite element formulation of the field equations is discussed and the magnetic field contours at different instants of time are presented. FEM computation of the thrust compares very well with experimental data. >
Hydrologic forcing of submarine groundwater discharge: Insight from a seasonal study of radium isotopes in a groundwater-dominated salt marsh estuary

A seasonal study of radium-derived submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nitrogen fluxes was carried out in a salt marsh estuary between 2001 and 2003 (Pamet River Estuary, Massachusetts). Twelvehour time series of salinity and radium at the estuary inlet were used to determine the relative importance of fresh versus saline SGD, respectively. The distinct radium (228Ra : 226Ra) isotopic signature of marsh peat pore water and aquifer-derived brackish groundwater was used to further partition the Ra-derived SGD estimate. Of these three groundwater sources, only the marsh-derived groundwater was constant across time. The ratio of brackish to fresh SGD was inversely correlated with water table elevation in the aquifer, suggesting that Ra-derived SGD was enhanced during dry periods. The various SGD fluxes were responsible for an average annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) input of between 1.7 mol m−2 yr−1 and 7.1 mol m−2 yr−1 and a soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) flux of 0.13-0.54 mol m−2 yr−1. Approximately 30% of the SGD-derived DIN and SRP flux is exported to coastal waters (Cape Cod Bay), whereas 70% is retained by the salt marsh ecosystem.
New word learning in aphasic patients: Dissociating phonological and semantic components

measure of nonword repetition, while any improvement in performance on repeating nonwords provided a measure of phonological learning. Through all the blocks and for all stimuli, the participant’s task was simply to repeat each nonword, immediately after its presentation. Expressive and receptive word learning (expressive recall and receptive recognition). In both the expressive and receptive word learning tasks, each participant was visually presented with a drawing of a novel object, together with an auditorily presented novel ‘‘name’’ for the object (Gupta, 2003). The participant’s task was to learn the pairing during these exposure trials, the structure of which was identical for the two tasks. Each set of exposure trials was followed by a set of test trials. In expressive recall test trials, the participant’s task was to produce the name when cued with the drawing of the object. In receptive recognition the task was to pick out the correct drawing when cued with the auditory name. The expressive and receptive word learning tasks each consisted of three blocks of exposure and testing, followed by a final test. In each task, the targets were four name–picture pairs, with the names being 2 syllables in length.
Metastable States During Devitrification of a Zr70Pd20Cu10 Metallic Glass

High energy synchrotron x-rays (124.63 keV) are used to investigate the initial stages of the devitrification for the Zr70Pd20Cu10 metallic glass prepared by melt-spinning (MS). Due to the excellent signal:noise, we are able to determine the initial nucleating phase by analyzing the differences in the total scattering function S (Q) as a function of time at a temperature ∼ 50 K below the crystallization temperature. The alloy undergoes a structural relaxation prior to nucleation and growth. Devitrification proceeds from nucleation of the icosahedral phase. The differential pair distribution function (dPDF) indicates that the as-quenched alloy may have icosahedral-like order which undergoes local rearrangement to true icosahedral order at an annealing temperature 50 K below the crystallization temperature. More importantly, time-resolved high-energy synchrotron is shown to have excellent sensitivity to the initial atomic rearrangements preceding nucleation in metallic glasses.
A model of end user attitudes and intentions toward alternative sources of support

End-user computing has been the focus of research for over a decade. Recent studies on end-user computing support concluded that end users are dissatisfied with the support provided by the information center. In addition to support from an information center, end users seek help from informal sources and local MIS staff. In this study we examine why end-users prefer one source of support (e.g. information center) to another (e.g. local MIS staff). In order to understand end user preferences, we study the factors that affect end user attitude toward a support source. Attitude is an important component in determining user behavior toward using a support source. In this study, a model of end user attitudes and intentions toward the source of support is presented. Analysis of data collected from 108 middle-level managers shows that respondents preferred the use of local MIS staff to both information centers and informal support sources. The results appear to reflect an emerging trend in EUC support and implications of these results are examined in the study.
Fast hash table lookup using extended bloom filter: an aid to network processing

Hash tables are fundamental components of several network processing algorithms and applications, including route lookup, packet classification, per-flow state management and network monitoring. These applications, which typically occur in the data-path of high-speed routers, must process and forward packets with little or no buffer, making it important to maintain wire-speed throughout. A poorly designed hash table can critically affect the worst-case throughput of an application, since the number of memory accesses required for each lookup can vary. Hence, high throughput applications require hash tables with more predictable worst-case lookup performance. While published papers often assume that hash table lookups take constant time, there is significant variation in the number of items that must be accessed in a typical hash table search, leading to search times that vary by a factor of four or more.We present a novel hash table data structure and lookup algorithm which improves the performance over a naive hash table by reducing the number of memory accesses needed for the most time-consuming lookups. This allows designers to achieve higher lookup performance for a given memory bandwidth, without requiring large amounts of buffering in front of the lookup engine. Our algorithm extends the multiple-hashing Bloom Filter data structure to support exact matches and exploits recent advances in embedded memory technology. Through a combination of analysis and simulations we show that our algorithm is significantly faster than a naive hash table using the same amount of memory, hence it can support better throughput for router applications that use hash tables.
Predictors of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Normalization in Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose— We sought to describe the frequency of normalization of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values that are decreased in hyperacute stroke and to identify characteristics of tissue demonstrating normalization. Methods— Sixty-eight acute ischemic stroke patients underwent MRI examination (including diffusion/perfusion imaging and MR angiography) within 6 hours (mean, 2.8 hours) after symptom onset, after 24 hours, and again 4 to 7 days later. Lesion volumes with decreased ADC and delayed time to peak in perfusion imaging were determined. In patients showing ADC normalization, volumes with ADC decrease graded as 5 mL tissue with initially decreased ADC) or nonnormalizers (demonstrating ADC normalization in <5 mL tissue). Results— Fourteen patients (19.7%) were classified as normalizers. Eleven of 31 pat...
Partial characterization of glutathione S-transferase isozymes induced by the herbicide safener benoxacor in maize

The effects of the dichloroacetamide safener benoxacor on maize (Zea mays L. var Pioneer 3906) growth and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were evaluated, and GST isozymes induced by benoxacor were partially separated, characterized, and identified. Protection from metolachlor injury was closely correlated with GST activity, which was assayed with metolachlor as a substrate, as benoxacor concentration increased from 0.01 to 1 [mu]M. GST activity continued to increase at higher benoxacor concentrations (10 and 100 [mu]M), but no further protection was observed. Total GST activity with metolachlor as a substrate increased 2.6- to 3.8-fold in response to 1 [mu]M benoxacor treatment. Total GST activity from maize treated with or without 1 [mu]M benoxacor was resolved by fast protein liquid chromatography anion-exchange chromatography into four major activities, designated activity peaks A, B, C, and D in their order of elution. These GST activity peaks were enhanced to varying degrees by benoxacor. Activity peak B showed the least induction, whereas activity peak A was absent constitutively and thus highly induced by benoxacor. In contrast to earlier reports, there appear to be not one, but at least two, major constitutive isozymes (activity peaks A and D) having activity with metolachlor as substrate; there were at least three such isozymes in benoxacor-treated maize (activity peaks A, C, and D). The elution volumes of activity peaks A, B, C, and D were compared with those of partially purified maize GST I and GST II; also, the reactivity of polypeptides in these activity peaks with antisera to GST I or GST I/III (mixture) was evaluated. Evidence from these experiments indicated that activity peak B contained GST I, and activity peak C contained GST II and GST III. Activity peaks A and D contained unique GSTs that may play a major role in metolachlor metabolism and in the safening activity of benoxacor in maize. Isozymes present in activity peaks A and D were not detected in earlier reports because of the very low activity with the artificial substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Immunoblotting experiments also indicated the presence of numerous unidentified GST subunits, including multiple subunits in chromatography fractions containing single peaks of GST activity; this is indicative of the likely complexity and diversity of the maize GST enzyme family.
Analysis of attacks against the security of keyless-entry systems for vehicles and suggestions for improved designs

Remote control of vehicle functions using a handheld electronic device became a popular feature for vehicles. Such functions include, but are not limited to, locking, unlocking, remote start, window closures, and activation of an alarm. As consumers enjoy the remote access and become more comfortable with the remote functions, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have started looking for new features to simplify and reduce the user interface for vehicle access. These new features will provide users with an additional level of comfort without requiring them to touch or press any button on any remote devices to gain access to the vehicle. While this extra level of comfort is a desirable feature, it introduces several security threats against the vehicle's keyless-entry system. This paper describes a number of attacks against the security of keyless-entry systems of vehicles and also presents analyzes of several attacks and compares the vulnerability of the system under different attacks. At the end, some suggestions for improved design are proposed.
High Temperature and Density in Lattice QCD

These lectures provide an introduction to lattice gauge theory calculations of the properties of strongly interacting matter at high temperatures and densities. Such an environment is produced in heavy ion collisions and was most likely present in the early universe. Emphasis is placed, not on formalism, rather on an intuitive understanding of the nature of the crossover from the confined, chiral-symmetry-broken phase to the deconfined, chiral-symmetry-restored phase. Illustrations are taken from results of recent numerical simulations. Connections with phenomenology are discussed.
A Simulation of Copan Populatin History and its Implications

Several projects carried out at Copan since 1975 provide extensive settlement data that form the basis for a simulation of Copan population history between A.D. 400–1250. Most important is a set of 2,048 obsidian hydration dates, associated with 15% of all known sites, that allows unprecedented chronological control of occupational episodes at domestic sites of all social ranks. This article summarizes the results of our simulation, and some of its implications for agricultural intensification, sociopolitical structure, and labor demand for elite construction projects.
Monitoring Patient Respiration using a Single Optical Camera

We present a system for monitoring patient respiration using a single low cost camera. The system is based on tracking the motion of color fiducials placed on the patients abdomen. We show that our system is able to deal with variations in camera pose, and that its performance is equivalent to that obtained when using a commercial tracking system. We also validate our system using ultrasound images showing that it is sufficiently accurate for gating purposes in radiation treatment or for acquiring 4D (3D over time) data sets.
Hematopoietic Progenitor Stem Cell Homing in Mice Lethally Irradiated with Ionizing Radiation at Differing Dose Rates

It has recently been shown that specific lineage-depleted murine hematopoietic stem cells that home to the bone marrow 2 days after transplantation of ablated primary recipients are capable of long-term engraftment and repopulation of secondary recipients. We were interested in determining whether the rate at which the ablating radiation dose was delivered to the mice affected the homing of lineage-depleted stem cells to the bone marrow and/or sites of tissue damage. Fractionated, lineage-depleted donor marrow cells were isolated and labeled with the membrane dye PKH26. Recipient mice were lethally irradiated with 11 Gy ionizing radiation using varying dose rates and were immediately injected with PKH26-labeled progenitor stem cells. With the exception of the lowest dose-rate group, all irradiated mice had an approximately fivefold (P = 0.014 to 0.025) reduction in stem cell homing to the bone marrow compared to unirradiated control animals. A fivefold reduction of stem cell homing to the spleen compared to unirradiated animals was also observed, though this was not statistically significant for any dose-rate group (P = 0.072 to 0.233). This difference in homing could not be explained by increased stem cell apoptosis/necrosis or non-marrow tissue homing to the intestine, lung or liver. We show that the dose rate at which a lethal dose of total-body radiation is delivered does not augment hematopoietic progenitor stem cell homing to the bone marrow, spleen or sites of early radiation-mediated tissue damage at either 2 or 5 days postirradiation/transplantation. The observation that greater homing was seen in unirradiated control mice calls into question the concept that adequate bone marrow stem cell homing requires radiation-induced "space" to be made in the marrow, certainly for the enriched early progenitor hematopoietic stem cells used for this set of experiments. Further experiments will be needed to determine whether these homed cells are as capable of giving rise to long-term engraftment/repopulation of the marrow of secondary recipients as they are in irradiated recipients.
Three-Dimensional Innervation Zone Imaging from Multi-Channel Surface EMG Recordings

There is an unmet need to accurately identify the locations of innervation zones (IZs) of spastic muscles, so as to guide botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for the best clinical outcome. A novel 3D IZ imaging (3DIZI) approach was developed by combining the bioelectrical source imaging and surface electromyogram (EMG) decomposition methods to image the 3D distribution of IZs in the target muscles. Surface IZ locations of motor units (MUs), identified from the bipolar map of their MU action potentials (MUAPs) were employed as a prior knowledge in the 3DIZI approach to improve its imaging accuracy. The performance of the 3DIZI approach was first optimized and evaluated via a series of designed computer simulations, and then validated with the intramuscular EMG data, together with simultaneously recorded 128-channel surface EMG data from the biceps of two subjects. Both simulation and experimental validation results demonstrate the high performance of the 3DIZI approach in accurately reconstructing the distributions of IZs and the dynamic propagation of internal muscle activities in the biceps from high-density surface EMG recordings.
Abstract 2841: Intravenous Thrombolysis For Minor Strokes: Outcome In A Cohort Of Patients Treated Through Telemedicine

Objective: to determine the outcome of patients with minor strokes who receive intravenous thrombolysis in a telestroke network. Background: The Arkansas SAVES (Stroke Assistance through Virtual Emergency Support) telestroke network provided emergency evaluation and therapy for acute stroke to 22 spoke sites statewide between November 2008 and May 2011. While there is little question regarding safety of IV thrombolysis in minor strokes, its impact on long-term outcome is equivocal. Few studies, yet with methodological problems attempted to answer this question. Methods: Institutional IRB approval was obtained to review the prospective database of the Arkansas SAVES program. We included patients with admission NIHSS ≤ 4. They were divided into two groups based on whether or not they received IV thrombolysis. Baseline characteristics, risk factors, laboratory data and outcomes were compared between the two groups. Good outcome was defined as mRS Results: The cohort included 562 patients receiving a teleconsultation between November 2008 and May 2011, of whom 116 underwent IV thrombolysis. Sixty patients with admission NIHSS ≤ 4 were included in this analysis. Patients who received IV thrombolysis had a trend towards a higher mean admission NIHSS (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 3.9 ± 1.0, p = 0.085). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of good (76.7% vs. 73.3%, p = NS) or excellent outcome (60.0% vs. 56.7%, p = NS) between the two groups. The mean admission NIHSS was similar in patients with mRS 1 (3.6 ± 0.9 vs. 3.7 ± 0.9, p = NS), possibly indicating a disconnect between stroke severity, when mild, and overall outcome. Conclusion: Intravenous thrombolysis did not improve outcomes in patients with minimal deficits. The use of IV thrombolytics in patients with minor strokes should be individualized depending on the type of deficits and potential disability. A larger randomized trial is needed to confirm those results.
ReCAP: Would Women With Breast Cancer Prefer to Receive an Antidepressant for Anxiety or Depression From Their Oncologist?

QUESTIONS ASKED:Preferences of patients with breast cancer for provider-specific pharmacologic management of anxiety and depression are unknown. Use of patient-guided treatment preferences for the treatment of depression and anxiety are known to improve adherence and treatment outcomes in primary care settings, but these preferences are not known in women with breast cancer. This may be especially true shortly after the patient receives a diagnosis of cancer and is most psychologically symptomatic, yet committed to following through with her oncologic care. Do breast cancer patients have preferences regarding having their anxiety and depression assessed and treated by their oncologists versus being cared for by a psychiatrist or mental health provider?SUMMARY ANSWER:The majority of patients accepted antidepressant prescribing by their oncologist; only a minority preferred treatment by a mental health professional. These findings are consistent with previous data from medically ill patients that demonstrat...
Effects of sire fertility and daughter stayability on profitability of sire selection.

Abstract Holstein sires (n = 340) with milk, milk fat, semen unit fertility, daughter stayability evaluations, and semen price for 1986 were studied. Effects of variation in sire fertility and daughter stayability on profitability of sire selection using the net present value criterion were estimated The model estimated expected profit from a cow bred to pregnancy from future production and from cattle disposal and replacement after discounting costs and returns to the time of insemination. Effects of semen sexing and semen unit dilution on profitability to determine optimal breeding strategies for dairy herds were examined. Sire profitability increased with herd average conception rate and sire selection intensity. Daughter stayability had a greater impact on profitability than semen unit fertility when profit maximization was computed under the criterion of breeding a cow to pregnancy. Genetic progress for production was compromised when selecting to maximize profit. Dilution of semen units seems profitable only when semen availability is limited for high demand sires. The use of sexed female semen may only be appropriate when it can generate additional income from the sale of surplus heifers.
The Revolutionary Festival in Mexico: November 20 Celebrations in the 1920s and 1930s*

The most important public ritual to arise from the experience of Mexico's Revolution of 1910 came to be held on November 20—“Revolution Day.” The date commemorates Francisco I. Madero's famous call to arms: on November 20 all towns in Mexico were to rise up against the 34-year rule of Porfirio Diaz. Although Madero was forced to take action before the appointed date and the Revolution got off to a premature start, November 20 has generally been accepted as the inception of the violent phase of the revolutionary struggle.
Study on magnesium silicate polymer flocculant preparation and dyeing wastewater decolorization treatment

The polysilicate magnesium sulfate(PAMSS)flocculant was prepared through sodium silicate,magnesium sulfate and aluminum sulfate as raw materials and it was used for decolorization studies.The results showed that the best condition was 0.3mol/L SiO2concentration,pH=3(silicic acid activated),30min activation time,n(Mg)∶n(Si)=1.25,n(Al)∶n(Si)=0.5.Its decolorization rate of reactive dye could reach over 90%.The experimental results indicated the decolorized effect of dyeing wastewater is good if PAMSS was used.PAMSS is a highly efficient inorganic polymer flocculant.
Responsibility and research in orthopaedic surgery.

Orthopaedic surgery of today has been left a great heritage by our forebears. It is our duty not only to preserve and to cherish but to enhance this proud inheritance. On the south portico of the Archives Building in Washington, there is a statue of a beautiful woman holding an infant against a background of stalks of ripened grain, under which appears the inscription, "The heritage of the past is the seed that brings forth the harvest of the future". The great orthopaedic surgeons of the nineteenth century and of the early part of the twentieth century were our forefathers who not only created this heritage but also planted this seed. The seed which was sown has borne fruit and has created "the harvest of the future", the orthopaedic surgery of 1954. We of this generation should be doing as our forefathers did for us; we should be "sowing the seed" to bring forth "the harvest of the future" for the oncoming generations. This should be done, as Willard has expressed it, ". . . in such a way that we may pass on to our successors a still more perfect inheritance of which both we and they may be very proud". This is perhaps our first and greatest responsibility. How we meet this responsibility will be determined by our vision. We must always remember the proverb, "Where there is no vision, the people perish". Upon our vision rests the future of orthopaedic surgery. We can only hope that our Creator may grant to all of us and to our line the strength, wisdom, and courage to carry steadfastly the torch of our proud heritage, and at all times to maintain a clear, bright, and unobstructed vision for the future.
The MITLL NIST LRE 2007 language recognition system.

This paper presents a description of the MIT Lincoln Laboratory language recognition system submitted to the NIST 2007 Language Recognition Evaluation. This system consists of a fusion of four core recognizers, two based on tokenization and two based on spectral similarity. Results for NIST’s 14-language detection task are presented for both the closed-set and open-set tasks and for the 30, 10 and 3 second durations. On the 30 second 14-language closed set detection task, the system achieves a 1% equal error rate.
Third Trimester Equivalent Alcohol Exposure Reduces Modulation of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission by 5-HT1A Receptors in the Rat Hippocampal CA3 Region

Fetal alcohol exposure has been associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders that have been linked to altered serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) signaling, including depression and anxiety. During the first two weeks of postnatal life in rodents (equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy) 5-HT neurons undergo significant functional maturation and their axons reach target regions in the forebrain (e.g. cortex and hippocampus). The objective of this study was to identify the effects of third trimester ethanol (EtOH) exposure on hippocampal 5-HT signaling. Using EtOH vapor inhalation chambers, we exposed rat pups to EtOH for 4 hours/day from postnatal day (P) 2 to P12. The average serum EtOH concentration in the pups was 0.13 ± 0.04 g/dl (legal intoxication limit in humans = 0.08 g/dl). We used brain slices to assess the modulatory actions of 5-HT on field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the hippocampal CA3 region at P13-P15. Application of the GABAA/glycine receptor antagonist, picrotoxin, caused broadening of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs), an effect that was reversed by application of 5-HT in slices from air exposed rats. However, this effect of 5-HT was absent in EtOH exposed animals. In slices from naive animals, application of a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist blocked the effect of 5-HT on the fEPSPs recorded in presence of picrotoxin, suggesting that third trimester ethanol exposure acts by inhibiting the function of these receptors. Studies indicate that 5-HT1A receptors play a critical role in the development of hippocampal circuits. Therefore, inhibition of these receptors by third trimester ethanol exposure could contribute to the pathophysiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
An Audio Tape Adjunct in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction in Men Without Partners

The limited availability of surrogate partner and men's group sex therapy has prompted the author to use audio cassette tapes as an adjunct in the individual treatment of sexual dysfunction in men without partners. To approximate the men's group experience, the tapes include discussions with former clients who struggled with erectile dysfunction, rapid ejaculation, sexual inexperience or relationship anxiety. The tape series also combines psycho-educational presentations, communication and dating skills, roleplay exercises, and social and sexual homework assignments for establishing relationships and overcoming dysfunction.
Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Li2MnSiO4 Cathode Material

The candidate cathode material Li2MnSiO4 for lithium-ion cells was synthesized by an all-acetate precursor sol/gel method under a reducing atmosphere at 600, 700, and 800 °C. The material prepared at 700 °C was a pure phase and had the structural order of Li3PO4 orthorhombic (S.G. Pmn21) phase. The temperature dependence of the molar magnetic susceptibility of Li2MnSiO4 was found to be consistent with an antiferromagnetic material with a Neel temperature of 12 K. The calculated effective moment confirmed that the observed magnetic behavior involves Mn2+ ions in a high spin configuration in tetrahedral sites. Scanning electron microscopy of Li2MnSiO4 showed large aggregates (10 to 50 μm) composed of nanosized particles (100−200 nm). The as-prepared material was almost electrochemically inactive despite the presence of 15 wt % carbon additive. The material was treated by carbon coating using cellulose carbon source precursor and particle size reduction using high-energy ball milling. In coin-cell tests, the...
“R. K. Narayanswami B.A.B.L. Engine Driver”: Story-Telling and Memory in The Grandmother's Tale, and Selected Stories

(2002). “R. K. Narayanswami B.A.B.L. Engine Driver”: Story-Telling and Memory in The Grandmother's Tale, and Selected Stories. South Asian Review: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 86-105.
Phototherapy-Induced Iatrogenic Polymorphous Light Eruption

Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) affects up to 20% of the population and is most commonly characterized by pruritic lesions, which appear a few hours to days following light exposure. PMLE can be induced by UVA and/or UVB phototherapy. When patients develop phototherapy-induced iatrogenic PMLE, phototherapy should be held and PMLE should be treated appropriately, such as with topical corticosteroids, until the lesions completely improve. The patient can then be restarted on NB-UVB at a significantly lower dose than the threshold dose that induced the PMLE or down to the starting dose per skin type, which will allow for photohardening. The dose of light should then be increased cautiously as tolerated while observing for signs of recurring PMLE.
Globalization and human capital investment: Export composition drives educational attainment

This paper demonstrates that the composition of a country's exports is an important driver of educational attainment. Using detailed trade data and a gravity-based IV technique, we identify the causal impact of changes in the pattern of a country's exports on subsequent educational attainment. Relying on within-country variation over forty-five years for more than one hundred countries, our empirical analysis shows that exports of low-skill-intensive goods depresses average years of schooling - particularly at the primary level - while exports of skill-intensive goods increases years of schooling - at higher rungs of the educational ladder. Our results provide new insights into which types of sectoral growth are most beneficial for long-term human capital formation and suggest that trade can exacerbate initial differences in factor endowments across countries.
Early Access to Physical Therapy and Specialty Care Management for American Workers With Musculoskeletal Injuries.

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of very early access to physical therapy and specialty care management in a workers’ compensation population.Methods:A prospective pilot (n = 75) was conducted from 2012 to 2013 in which injured workers with musculoskeletal complaints rec
Fear of crime while camping: examining perceptions of risk, safety precautions, and victimization effects

AbstractPast research suggests that fear of crime is influenced by several factors including perceptions of risk and previous victimization. Fear of crime may also vary by location and context. The current study examines the influences on fear of crime among campers including perceptions of risk and past experiences with victimization while camping. Survey data collected from individuals camping in state and national parks were analyzed. Fear of crime was significantly related to perceptions of risk and taking safety precautions, however experiencing a previous victimization while camping was only marginally related to fear. Participants expressed higher levels of fear and perceptions of risk in their own neighborhoods compared to when camping. These results are discussed in terms of policy implications and suggestions for further research.
Intestinal Obstruction: Small and Large Bowel

General surgeons are commonly asked to manage patients presenting to the emergency department with an intestinal obstruction. Management is dependent on the patient's history and the location of the obstruction. Small bowel obstruction is most commonly due to adhesive bands resulting from prior laparotomy. The majority will resolve with nasogastric decompression within 48 h of presentation. If the clinical course is not consistent with resolution of the obstruction after 2 days of GI rest, the management should then be to proceed with prompt surgical intervention in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with prolonged nonoperative management. When there is no history of prior abdominal surgery, adhesive bands remain a common cause of the obstruction along with an incarcerated abdominal hernia. A large bowel obstruction is commonly due to an undiagnosed tumor or inflammatory disease. In contrast to the initial management for small bowel obstruction, colonic obstruction is best managed with urgent/emergent surgical intervention. Specific management is dependent on the identified pathology.
Hay’s Buddhist philosophy of gestural language

ABSTRACTThe central role of gestural language in Buddhism is widely acknowledged, as in the story of the Buddha pointing at the moon, the point being the student’s seeing beyond the finger (as object) to its gesture (as act). Gesture’s role in dance is similarly central, as noted by scholars in the emerging interdisciplinary field of dance studies. Unsurprisingly, then, the intersection of these two fields is well-populated, including the formal gestures (called “mudras”) Buddhism inherited from classical Indian dance, and the masked dance of the Mani Rimdu Festival. In this investigation, I will articulate a new Buddhist philosophy of gestural language, based on a new conception of emptiness that I locate in the work of contemporary U.S. choreographer Deborah Hay, as influenced by Nāgārjuna and Zen. And this, finally, suggests that contemporary Western philosophy should incorporate this compassion as a normative dimension to its own theorizing and practice.
Ultrasonic NDE of Composite Panels with Gas-Coupled Laser Acoustic Detection

High resolution beam-deflection techniques have been applied to the ultrasonic inspection of materials. The technique is similar to air-coupled detection, with the airborne wave detected through beam deflection instead of with an electro-acoustic transducer. It is a non-contact, laser based, detection technique that does not require reflection of the detection laser beam from the surface. It is thus independent of the surface optical properties of the material under test.
Tellurium: Fast Electrical and Atomic Transport along the Weak Interaction Direction

In anisotropic materials, the electrical and atomic transport along the weak interaction direction is usually much slower than that along the chemical bond direction. However, Te, an important semiconductor composed of helical atomic chains, exhibits nearly isotropic electrical transport between intrachain and interchain directions. Using first-principles calculations to study bulk and few-layer Te, we show that this isotropy is related to similar effective masses and potentials for charge carriers along different transport directions, benefiting from the delocalization of the lone-pair electrons. This delocalization also enhances the interchain binding, and thus facilitates diffusion of vacancies and interstitial atoms across the chains, which together with the fast intrachain diffusion enable rapid self-healing of these defects at low temperature. Interestingly, the interstitial atoms diffuse along the chain via a concerted rotation mechanism. Our work reveals the unconventional properties underlying th...
Efficacy of Injected Corticosteroid Type, Dose, and Volume for Pain in Large Joints: A Narrative Review

Abstract Corticosteroid injections are commonly used in the treatment of disorders of the large joints. This review assimilates the available literature on corticosteroid injections into the glenohumeral joint, subacromial space, hip joint, and knee joint. A systematic method to review available literature revealed 84 articles that fit the inclusion criteria. For each injection location, four items were examined: overall efficacy of injection, superior type of steroid, superior dose of steroid, and superior volume of injectate. Most research demonstrates positive short-term outcomes in pain and function for corticosteroid injections of the large joints. Methylprednisolone and triamcinolone seem similar in efficacy, with minor differences seen in specific studies. Larger doses may last longer, but need to be balanced with the systemic effects from higher doses. Volume has not been studied extensively. Due to heterogeneity in study types, subject populations, and outcomes, it is not possible to identify a single defining trend for a superior type, dose, or volume of steroid. Future prospective studies examining these factors may better reveal the optimum regimen for each injection location. Level of Evidence III
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Homebound Status Among Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and homebound status among older adults. METHOD The study sample included 7,603 community-dwelling older adults from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. A bivariate latent state-trait model of depressive symptoms and homebound status was estimated via structural equation modeling. RESULTS The model fit the data well (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .02, Comparative Fit Index = .97, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = .06). The relationship between homebound status and depressive symptoms can be decomposed into three parts: a moderate correlation between the stable trait components (r = .56, p <.001); a contemporary association of the state components (b = .17, p <.001); and bidirectional lagged effects between the state components. Change in homebound status was as a stronger predictor of depressive symptoms (b = .19, p < .001) than change in depressive symptoms was of homebound status (b = .06, p < .001; test of difference: Δ scaled χ2(1) = 24.2, p < .001). DISCUSSION Homebound status and depressive symptoms form a feedback loop to influence each other. Improving the outdoor mobility of older adults may have immediate benefits for reducing depressive symptoms.
The Evolution of Magnetic CVs

About one-fourth of all cataclysmic variables (CVs) contain white dwarfs with magnetic fields that are sufficiently strong (B≳5 × 104 G) to disrupt the accretion disk, either partially or completely, and are known as magnetic CVs (Chanmugam 1992, Ritter & Kolb 1995). Two classes of magnetic CVs have been distinguished: the synchronous systems in which the spin period of the white dwarf P spin and the orbital period P orb are equal to within about 2 %, and the asynchronous systems where the spin and orbital periods are more widely different (Sparks et al 1995). The former are also known as AM Herculis binaries or polars (Cropper 1990). Their magnetic field strengths B have been determined from Zeeman and cyclotron spectroscopy, and from cyclotron emission models for the optical/IR polarization they emit (Chanmugam and Dulk 1981; Meggitt and Wickramasinghe 1982). With the recent discovery of the probably synchronized system 1H1752+08 with B ≈ 7 MG (Ferrario et al. 1994), the range of their magnetic fields is 7 MG – 70 MG (Chanmugam 1992). In addition, most of these binaries have P orb ∓ 4 hours. The resulting short orbital separation and strong magnetic field, enforces the synchronous rotation of the white dwarf (e.g., Joss, Katz and Rappaport 1979; Campbell 1990; King et al. 1990; Wu & Wickramasinghe 1993). The number of AM Her binaries has more than tripled in the last few years to over 50 (see e.g., Beuermann 1995) as result of the large number of them discovered by ROSAT from their softer X-ray spectra.
Articulated Statistical Shape Models of the Spine

The spine is a complex assembly of rigid vertebrae surrounded by various soft tissues (ligaments, spinal cord, intervertebral discs, etc.). Its motion for a given individual and its shape variations across a population are greatly influenced by this fact. We show in this chapter how statistical shape models can be constructed, used, and analyzed while taking into account the articulated nature of the spine. We begin by defining what articulated models are and how they can be extracted from existing 3D reconstructions or segmented models. As an example, we use data from scoliotic patients that have been reconstructed in 3D using bi-planar radiographs. Articulated models naturally belong to a manifold where conventional statistical tools are not applicable. In this context, a few key concepts allowing the computation of statistical models on Riemannian manifolds are presented. When properly visualized, the resulting statistical models can be quite useful to analyze and compare the shape variations in different groups of patients. Two different approaches to visualization are demonstrated graphically. Finally, another important use of statistical models in medical imaging is to constrain the solution of inverse problems. Articulated models can readily be used in this context, we illustrate this in the context of 3D model reconstruction using partial data. More precisely, we will show the benefits of integrating a simple regularization term based on articulated statistical models to well known algorithms.
Pilot study using post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus and mycophenolate GVHD prophylaxis for older patients receiving 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Allogeneic SCT for older patients remains challenging at least in part due to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and higher non-relapse mortality (NRM). We conducted a prospective pilot study primarily for older patients undergoing matched unrelated donor (MUD) SCT using a reduced-intensity (RIC) melphalan-based conditioning and post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based GVHD prophylaxis with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. Twenty-two patients (median age 64, IQR 58, 66) underwent RIC MUD SCT for high-risk hematological malignancies including AML/MDS (73%), CML/MPD (18%), and other (10%). Two (9%) patients had early death; the rest (100%) engrafted. After a median follow-up of 17 months, 11 patients were alive and disease-free with an estimated 2-year progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival of 48%. The cumulative incidences of grades 2–4 and 3–4 acute GVHD (aGVHD) at day + 100 and 2-years were 32 and 4%, and 59 and 24%, respectively. No cases of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were noted. However, late acute GVHD was observed in 6 (27%) patients. In conclusion, RIC MUD SCT with melphalan-based conditioning and PTCy-based GVHD-based prophylaxis for older patients appears effective in controlling relapse. While cGVHD was not seen and early aGVHD appears controllable, a significant proportion developed late aGVHD responsible for higher NRM seen in these patients.
Selective Deposition of Metals onto Molecularly Tethered Gold Nanoparticles: The Influence of Silver Deposition on Oxygen Electroreduction

Multimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are being explored for their promising electrocatalytic properties that arise from synergistic interactions between multiple metals on the nanoscale. Despite the promising properties of these materials, it is still not fully understood how various attributes of a multimetallic NP electrocatalyst (i.e., composition, structure, and interface to an electrode) contribute to its electrocatalytic activity due to the lack of fabrication methods that allow subnanometer control over these variables. We developed an approach to construct bimetallic nanoparticle-functionalized electrodes in situ through the selective deposition of a second metal onto the surface of gold or silver nanoparticles previously bound to a boron-doped diamond electrode through a molecular interface. We used this approach to investigate the role of bimetallic composition and structure of silver–gold nanoparticle (Ag–AuNP) electrocatalysts on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. This method ...
Abstract 687: CaMKII in Mitochondria of Smooth Muscle Cells Controls Mitochondrial Mobility, Migration and Neointimal Hyperplasia

Objective: To define the mechanisms by which mitochondria control VSMC migration and impact neointimal hyperplasia. Approach and Results: The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (Ca...
Reducing Variation in the Management of Apnea of Prematurity in the Intensive Care Nursery.

BACKGROUND: Premature infants have bradycardia and/or desaturation events due to apnea of prematurity that resolve as the infants mature. Despite American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommending a standard “event-free” period before discharge, length of observation in our Intensive Care Nursery was variable. By June 2018, for infants born METHODS: A quality-improvement team used the Model for Improvement. Plan-do-study-act cycles improved nursing documentation of events and standardized discharge criteria after consensus on operational definitions. The outcome measure was days to discharge after last documented event. Process measures included percentage of events documented completely and correctly in the electronic medical record. Balancing measure was length of stay after 36 weeks’ corrected gestational age. We used statistical process control. RESULTS: The baseline event watch ranged from 0 to 6 days. After defining significant events, documentation expectations, and consensus on a 5-day “watch” before discharge, the event watch range narrowed with a mean that shifted from 3.6 to 4.8 days on X-bar S statistical process control chart. Completeness of documentation increased from 38% to 63%, and documentation of significant events increased from 38% to 88%. Length of stay after 36 weeks’ corrected gestational age was unchanged, and nursing satisfaction improved. CONCLUSIONS: We found decreasing variation in the management of apnea of prematurity while simultaneously improving staff satisfaction. Next steps include revising electronic medical record flowsheets and spread to network NICUs.
A 'fast'er way to treat breast cancer

Caffa et al. report in Nature that hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer is sensitive to a form of ‘dietary augmentation therapy’ that implements periods of fasting, thus enhancing anti-cancer therapy.