cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dramatic catalyst evolution in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

Abstract We have observed product ee's that begin at 20% at low reaction conversion and rise to 79% ee at the completion of the reaction in the asymmetric addition of alkyl groups to benzaldehyde. This rare behavior is attributed to autoinduction, in which the catalyst evolves by incorporation of the product. Based on this, we have been able to optimize the catalyst by variation of achiral, rather than enantiopure ligands.
Intraperitoneal Effects of Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Objectives To compare routine radiologic and laboratory findings after extraperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (eLRP, tLRP) and assess relevant clinical correlations. Methods Fifty consecutive eLRP and tLRP (laparoscopic and robot-assisted) were evaluated. Preoperative complete metabolic panel and complete blood count were determined, and these serum tests and amylase and lipase level measurements were repeated postoperatively. Ten consecutive eLRP and tLRP patients also underwent flat and upright abdominal x-rays. Operative time, perioperative complications, length of hospital stay, and amount of narcotic used were measured for each group. Results On postoperative day 1, all eLRP patients evaluated (100%) had radiographic free air in the abdomen, as did 80% of the tLRP patients. Only 1 of 50 patients (2%) had elevated aspartate aminotransferase (eLRP), 2 of 50 (4%) had elevated alanine aminotransferase (both eLRP), and 4 of 50 (8%) had elevated amylase (3 eLRP, 1 tLRP). Postoperative narcotic usage (eLRP 25 ± 3 mg versus tLRP 23 ± 5 mg morphine equivalents) and operative times (eLRP 3.6 ± 0.1 hours versus tLRP 3.8 ± 0.1 hours) were similar between the groups. Length of hospital stay was lower in the eLRP compared with the tLRP group (1.9 ± 0.1 days versus 2.2 ± 0.1 days, P Conclusions Extraperitoneal LRP and tLRP patients had comparable perioperative outcomes, and few had abnormal serum metabolic laboratory values postoperatively. Unexpectedly, abdominal free air was found in all eLRP patients evaluated radiographically on postoperative day 1, a finding that should be interpreted as normal and not specific for bowel injury in this context.
Elevated vitreous interleukin-10 level is not diagnostic of intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma.

Abstract Objective Diagnosis of intraocular-central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is commonly made by identifying malignant lymphocytes in the vitreous. However, such cells are in the minority in the vitreous cellular infiltrate (most are reactive lymphocytes), and therefore lack of cytologic support from biopsied vitreous samples in patients suspected of having intraocular-CNS lymphoma may occur. Recent data suggest that interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels are elevated in the serum and vitreous of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whereas IL-12 and IL-6 levels are elevated in patients with uveitis of non-neoplastic etiology. The authors evaluated the usefulness of measuring vitreous levels of IL-6, -10, and -12 in the diagnosis of intraocular-CNS lymphoma. Design Prospective case series. Participants Seventeen patients with intraocular inflammation who underwent a diagnostic or therapeutic vitrectomy: 4 patients with intraocular-CNS lymphoma and 13 patients with uveitis unrelated to a neoplasm. Intervention Eighteen vitreous specimens were obtained prospectively. Concentrations of IL-6, -10, and -12 were measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay, and relative ratios of the interleukins were calculated. Cytopathologic examination and flow cytometry of vitreous cells were also performed. Main outcome measures The ratio of IL-10/IL-12 and IL-10/IL-6 was calculated to assess any association of intraocular-CNS lymphoma and high vitreous IL-10 relative to IL-6 and IL-12 levels. Results The IL-10/IL-6 and IL-10/IL-12 ratio was greater than 1 in 8 of 14 vitreous specimens obtained from 13 patients with non-neoplastic uveitis. One of the four specimens from patients with cytologically proven intraocular-CNS lymphoma had vitreous IL-10/IL-6 and IL-10/IL-12 ratios of less than 1. Conclusion Although a helpful diagnostic tool, an elevated vitreous IL-10 to IL-6 or IL-12 ratio is not always associated with intraocular-CNS lymphoma.
ASYMPTOTIC FORM OF MONOPOLE VIBRATIONS

Abstract The velocity field for monopole vibrations of large nuclear systems is shown to obey the classical equations for an elastic medium, rather than a fluid. In the surface the velocity field becomes an increasing exponential. For 208 Pb, these effects combine to give motion similar to the Tassie model.
Translating G-CSF as an adjunct therapy to stem cell transplantation for stroke

Among recently investigated stroke therapies, stem cell treatment holds great promise by virtue of their putative ability to replace lost cells, promote endogenous neurogenesis,and produce behavioral and functional improvement through their "bystander effects." Translating stem cell in the clinic, however, presents a number of technical difficulties. A strategy suggested to enhance therapeutic utility of stem cells is combination therapy, i.e., co-transplantation of stem cells or adjunct treatment with pharmacological agents and substrates,which is assumed to produce more profound therapeutic benefits by circumventing limitations of individual treatments and facilitating complementary brain repair processes. We previously demonstrated enhanced functional effects of cotreatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF)and human umbilical cord blood cell (hUCB) transplantation in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here,we suggest that the aforementioned combination therapy may also produce synergistic effects in stroke. Accordingly, G-CSF treatment may reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance neurogenesis rendering a receptive microenvironment for hUCB engraftment. Adjunct treatment of GCSF with hUCB may facilitate stemness maintenance and guide neural lineage commitment of hUCB cells. Moreover, regenerative mechanisms afforded by G-CSF-mobilized endogenous stem cells, secretion of growth factors by hUCB grafts and G-CSF-recruited endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), as well as the potential graft–host integration that may promote synaptic circuitry re-establishment could altogether produce more pronounced functional improvement in stroked rats subjected to a combination G-CSF treatment and hUCB transplantation. Nevertheless, differences in pathology and repair processes underlying TBI and stroke deserve consideration when testing the effects of combinatorial G-CSF and hUCB cell transplantation for stroke treatment. Further studies are also required to determine the safety and efficacy of this intervention in both preclinical and clinical stroke studies.
Multilevel optimization for large-scale circuit placement

We have designed and implemented a new class of fast and highly scalable placement algorithms that directly handle complex constraints and achieve total wirelengths comparable to the state of the art. Our approach exploits recent advances in (i) multilevel methods for hierarchical computation, (ii) interior-point methods for nonconvex nonlinear programming, and (iii) the Fast Multipole Method for the order N evaluation of sums over the N (N - 1)/2 pairwise interactions of N components. Significant adaptation of these methods for the placement problem is required, and we have therefore developed a set of customized discrete algorithms for clustering, declustering, slot assignment, and local refinement with which the continuous algorithms are naturally combined. Preliminary test runs on benchmark circuits with up to 184,000 cells produce total wirelengths within approximately 5-10% of those of GORDIAN-L [1] in less than one tenth the run time. Such an ultra-fast placement engine is badly needed for timing convergence of the synthesis and layout phases of integrated circuit design.
Species-Level Paraphyly and Polyphyly: Frequency, Causes, and Consequences, with Insights from Animal Mitochondrial DNA

▪ Abstract Many uses of gene trees implicitly assume that nominal species are monophyletic in their alleles at the study locus. However, in well-sampled gene trees, certain alleles in one species may appear more closely related to alleles from different species than to other conspecific alleles. Such deviations from species-level monophyly have a variety of causes and may lead to erroneous evolutionary interpretations if undetected. The present paper describes the causes and consequences of these paraphyletic and polyphyletic patterns. It also provides a detailed literature survey of mitochondrial DNA studies on low-level animal phylogeny and phylogeography, results from which reveal the frequency of nonmonophyly and patterns of interpretation and sampling. This survey detected species-level paraphyly or polyphyly in 23% of 2319 assayed species, demonstrating this phenomenon to be statistically supported, taxonomically widespread, and far more common than generally recognized. Our findings call for increa...
WHY DO COMMUNITIES MOBILIZE AGAINST GROWTH: GROWTH PRESSURES, COMMUNITY STATUS, METROPOLITAN HIERARCHY, OR STRATEGIC INTERACTION?

Findings from this study challenge the conventional wisdom about the motivations for local growth control. Using data of California ballot box growth controls merged with city level demographic and housing data from the U.S. Census Bureau, logit models are estimated to test four hypotheses for why communities mobilize against growth. Of the four hypotheses, growth pressures, community status, metropolitan hierarchy, and strategic interaction, the only hypothesis that was strongly supported by the logistic regression analyses was strategic interaction. Support for the strategic interaction hypothesis reveals that jurisdictions located in regions where growth control policies are more abundant have a higher probability of mobilizing against growth. In other words, jurisdictions' growth control policies influence the growth decisions made by neighboring jurisdictions within the same region. One of the most surprising findings in the logistic regression analyses is that low-income suburbs are significantly more likely to mobilize against growth than high-income suburbs. These results refute the commonly held belief that growth control is strictly a concern of elite communities and suggest that residents of low-income suburbs may be turning to the ballot box to control growth because their communities are the locations of choice for noxious land uses.
Transcription of the Bacillus subtilis gerK Operon, Which Encodes a Spore Germinant Receptor, and Comparison with That of Operons Encoding Other Germinant Receptors

The gerA, gerB, and gerK operons, which encode germinant receptors in spores of Bacillus subtilis, were transcribed only in sporulation, and their mRNA levels peaked initially approximately 3 h before the initiation of accumulation of the spore's dipicolinic acid. After a rapid fall, levels of these mRNAs peaked again approximately 5 h later. In one wild-type strain (PS832), gerA mRNA was the most abundant, with levels of gerB and gerK mRNAs approximately 50% of that of gerA mRNA, whereas gerB mRNA was the most abundant in another wild-type strain (PY79). The synthesis of gerK mRNA in sporulation was abolished by loss of the forespore-specific RNA polymerase sigma factor, sigma(G), and induction of sigma(G) synthesis in vegetative cells led to synthesis of gerK mRNA. SpoVT, a regulator of sigma(G)-dependent gene expression, repressed gerK expression. The gerK promoter showed sequence similarities to sigma(G)-dependent promoters, and deletion of elements of this putative promoter abolished gerK expression in sporulation.
Signal dependence and noise source in ultrasound-modulated optical tomography

A Monte Carlo modeling technique was used to simulate ultrasound-modulated optical tomography in inhomogeneous scattering media. The contributions from two different modulation mechanisms were included in the simulation. Results indicate that ultrasound-modulated optical signals are much more sensitive to small embedded objects than unmodulated intensity signals. The differences between embedded absorption and scattering objects in the ultrasound-modulated optical signals were compared. The effects of neighboring inhomogeneity and background optical properties on the ultrasound-modulated optical signals were also studied. We analyzed the signal-to-noise ratio in the experiment and found that the major noise source is the speckle noise caused by small particle movement within the biological tissue sample. We studied this effect by incorporating a Brownian motion factor in the simulation.
Organizational form, incentives and the management of information technology: Opening the black box of outsourcing

In this work, we attempt to show how operations researchers can effectively manage the production costs of computing services. The thesis of this paper is that an outsourcing firm, by virtue of the fact that it manages the IT function for multiple firms, is privileged to information not available to the focal firm. We derive the conditions under which this privileged information allows the partner firm to construct superior incentives for its employees, resulting in superior IT management. Further, we detail the circumstances under which outsourcing will not provide additional benefit, and what sorts of partners are likely to provide the greatest benefit. The two main findings are that for low levels of uncertainty, both in-house and relational management are equally acceptable. However, as uncertainty increases, the value of relational management increases. Conclusions are drawn and extensions are proposed, related to economies of scale and transactions costs.
Nutrition Knowledge, Gender, and Food Label Use

This paper empirically explores the relationship between nutrition knowledge, gender, and food label use. The econometric approach treats both nutrition knowledge and label use as endogenous variables when estimating the model for food label use. The results suggest that nutrition knowledge does not have an effect on label use, confirming the weak link hypothesis between knowledge and behavior. Gender effect is mainly due to differences in nutrition knowledge levels.
Intimate Partner Violence and Health Care Costs and Utilization for Children Living in the Home

OBJECTIVE.The goal was to determine whether differences in health care costs and utilization exist for children whose mothers experienced intimate partner violence versus those who did not. METHODS.A longitudinal cohort study was performed in an integrated health care delivery organization with 760 children of mothers with no history of intimate partner violence and 631 children of mothers with a history of intimate partner violence since age 18. Health care utilization and costs for children before, during, and after intimate partner violence exposure were compared with utilization and costs for children with nonabused mothers. RESULTS.Health care utilization and health care costs were higher in most categories of care for children of mothers with a history of intimate partner violence, with significantly higher values for mental health services, primary care visits, primary care costs, and laboratory costs. Children of mothers with a history of intimate partner violence that ended before the child was born had significantly greater utilization of mental health, primary care, specialty care, and pharmacy services than did children of mothers who reported no intimate partner violence. Children exposed directly to intimate partner violence (after birth) had greater emergency department and primary care use during the intimate partner violence and were 3 times as likely to use mental health services after the intimate partner violence ended. CONCLUSIONS.Children whose mothers experienced intimate partner violence have higher health care utilization and costs, even if their mothers’ abuse stopped before they were born. Screening of women for intimate partner violence should be a routine part of their health care, and interventions for both the women and their children are likely necessary to minimize the effects of intimate partner violence in the family.
Hidden Choices and Missing Numbers: Selecting Drug Numbers for Media Attention

This study works at the intersection of the social construction of drug problems and the social construction of numbers. While others have looked at how the media use numbers and other discursive r...
Scheduling Combined Unicast and Multicast Traffic in Broadcast WDM Networks

This paper studies the performance of various strategies for scheduling a combined load of unicast and multicast traffic in a broadcast WDM network. The performance measure of interest is schedule length, which directly affects both aggregate network throughput and average packet delay. Three different scheduling strategies are presented, namely: separate scheduling of unicast and multicast traffic, treating multicast traffic as a number of unicast messages, and treating unicast traffic as multicasts of size one. A lower bound on the schedule length for each strategy is first obtained. Subsequently, the strategies are compared against each other using extensive simulation experiments in order to establish the regions of operation, in terms of a number of relevant system parameters, for which each strategy performs best. Our main conclusions are as follows. Multicast traffic can be treated as unicast traffic, by replicating all multicast packets, under very limited circumstances. On the other hand, treating unicast traffic as a special case of multicast traffic with a group of size 1, produces short schedules in most cases. Alternatively, scheduling and transmitting each traffic component separately is also a good choice.
Experimental evaluation of the optimum decision threshold for varying numbers of active users in a 2D t-/spl lambda/, asynchronous O-CDMA system

We experimentally demonstrate that tuning the decision threshold in an O-CDMA receiver to an optimal point based on the active-user-count improves receiver sensitivity by >3-dB, and demonstrate an active-user-count monitoring technique, allowing dynamic threshold adjustment.
Use, Costs and Comparative Effectiveness of Robotic Assisted, Laparoscopic and Open Urological Surgery

Purpose: Although robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery has been aggressively marketed and rapidly adopted, there are few comparative effectiveness studies that support its purported advantages compared to open and laparoscopic surgery. We used a population based approach to assess use, costs and outcomes of robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery vs laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for common robotic assisted urological procedures.Materials and Methods: From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample we identified the most common urological robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery procedures during the last quarter of 2008 as radical prostatectomy, nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy and pyeloplasty. Robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic surgery and open surgery use, costs and inpatient outcomes were compared using propensity score methods.Results: Robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery was performed for 52.7% of radical prostatectomies, 27.3% of pyeloplasties, 11.5% of partial nephrectomies and 2.3% of n...
A guide to the diagnosis and treatment of occupational asthma

Occupational asthma is the most prevalent form of occupational lung disease in industrialized nations. As increasing numbers of new chemicals are produced and new manufacturing processes are introduced, the variety of environments in which individuals may become exposed to respiratory sensitizers and irritants makes diagnosing and treating this illness even more challenging. In addition to adverse pulmonary effects, the diagnosis of occupational asthma may bring with it negative social and financial implications that may ultimately affect the patient's quality of life. For this reason, it is important for clinicians to recognize work-related respiratory symptoms early on in their course, maintain a high clinical suspicion for an occupational cause in the diagnostic work-up of asthma, and have a high degree of certainty in the diagnosis. While a number of classification schemes have been proposed to simplify the diagnostic approach to occupational asthma, the inciting factors typically involve sensitization (often by an IgE mechanism), direct airway inflammation, various pharmacologic responses, or irritant reflex pathways. Clinicians must first document the presence of asthma, then establish a relationship between asthma and the workplace. The occupational history is the key diagnostic tool, and clinical suspicions may be evaluated further by serial peak expiratory flow measurements, nonspecific hypersensitivity challenges with histamine or methacholine, collaboration with industrial/occupational hygienists to obtain workplace exposure measurements, and specific challenge testing at tertiary referral centers providing specialized laboratories. Removal from the inciting exposure is the mainstay of therapy, and pharmacologic treatment of patients with occupational asthma is similar to the treatment of patients with other forms of asthma.
Post-secondary vocational education and on-the-job training

This study about firm training costs and methods is based on a survey of Pennsylvania employers who employ members of seven technical and clerical occupations. The study analyses data on training costs and length of training time by occupation and establishment size. It measures the effect of education (new hires may have completed secondary or post-secondary education) and prior occupational experience on firm training variables as observed by employers. One surprising result is that respondents who state that they provide only general training incur costs of several thousand dollars per workers.
EGF-Like Domain of Tenascin-C Is Proapoptotic for Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective— Based on our previous observations on the expression of Tenascin-C (Tn-C) in human atherosclerotic plaques and its colocalization with macrophages, we explored whether Tn-C undergoes fragmentation and the potential pathobiological significance of this fragmentation. Methods and Results— Using cultured human smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we found that Tn-C upregulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Western blot analysis revealed that Tn-C substrate is fragmented and most of the cleavage products have fibronectin-like and epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) domains of Tn-C. One fragment that contains an EGF-like domain was found in some human atherosclerotic plaques. Cell culture studies revealed that the recombinant EGF-like domain inhibits growth, induces apoptosis of SMCs in a dose-dependent, time-dependent, and caspase-dependent manner, and activates caspase-3 before SMC detachment. Conversely, the caspase inhibitor z-YVAD.cmk, serum, and protease inhibitors blocked cell apoptosis conferred by the EGF-like domain. In addition, these inhibitors blocked EGF-like domain-induced caspase-3 activation. In contrast to this EGF-like domain, intact Tn-C, its fibronectin-like, and its fibrinogen-like domains were inactive. Conclusions— Together with our previous observations, our data suggest that Tn-C upregulates MMP expression that cleaves Tn-C into fragments containing the EGF-like domain. This domain has proapoptotic activity for SMCs.
Cognitive problems among breast cancer survivors: loneliness enhances risk.

Background: Cancer survivors often experience cognitive difficulties after treatment completion. Although chemotherapy enhances risk for cognitive problems, it is likely only one piece of a complex puzzle that explains survivors’ cognitive functioning. Loneliness may be one psychosocial risk factor. The current studies included both subjective and objective cognitive measures and tested whether lonelier breast cancer survivors would have more concentration and memory complaints and experience more concentration difficulties than their less lonely counterparts. Methods: The relationship between loneliness and cognitive function was tested among three samples of breast cancer survivors. Study 1 was a sample of breast cancer survivors (n=200) who reported their concentration and memory problems. Study 2a was a sample of breast cancer survivors (n=185) and noncancer controls (n=93) who reported their concentration and memory problems. Study 2b was a subsample of Study 2a breast cancer survivors (n=22) and noncancer controls (n=21) who completed a standardized neuropsychological test assessing concentration. Results: Studies 1 and 2a revealed that lonelier women reported more concentration and memory problems than less lonely women. Study 2b utilized a standardized neuropsychological continuous performance test and demonstrated that lonelier women experienced more concentration problems than their less lonely counterparts. Conclusions: These studies demonstrated that loneliness is linked to concentration and memory complaints and the experience of concentration problems among breast cancer survivors. The results were also highly consistent across three samples of breast cancer survivors. These data suggest that loneliness may be a risk factor for cognitive difficulties among cancer survivors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 100 000-Yr Cycle in Tropical SST, Greenhouse Forcing, and Climate Sensitivity

Abstract The key scientific uncertainty in the global warming debate is the equilibrium climate sensitivity. Coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models predict a wide range of equilibrium climate sensitivities, with a consequently large spread of societal implications. Comparison of models with instrumental data has not been able to reduce the uncertainty in climate sensitivity. An alternative way to gauge equilibrium climate sensitivity is to use paleoclimatic data. Two recent advances, the development and application of proxy recorders of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) and the synchronization of the deep-sea and Antarctic ice-core time scales, make it possible to directly relate past changes in tropical SST to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. The strong correspondence of a proxy SST record from the eastern equatorial Pacific and the Vostok CO2 record suggests that varying atmospheric carbon dioxide is the dominant control on tropical climate on orbital time scales. This effect i...
Immediate and Delayed Effects of Using a Classroom Case Exemplar in Teacher Education: The Role of Presentation Format

Students learned teaching principles either with or without (control group) the presentation of a classroom exemplar in video or text format. Across 2 experiments, the video group produced higher transfer scores and affective ratings than the other groups. Four weeks later, the video group recalled more information about the exemplar than the text group, but no treatment effects were found on transfer. Qualitative analyses (Experiment 2) showed that the video group produced a significantly larger number of modeled behaviors in the transfer test than the text (immediate) and control (immediate and delayed) groups. Results encourage using classroom video exemplars to promote students' affect and retention, but suggest that additional pedagogies are needed to promote longer term transfer of theory into practice.
Injury Mechanisms and Biofidelity of Dummies

The principal aim of impact biomechanics is the prevention of injury through environmental modification, such as the provision of an airbag for automotive occupants to protect them during a frontal crash. To achieve this aim effectively, it is necessary that workers in the field have a clear understanding of the mechanisms of injury, be able to describe the mechanical response of the tissues involved, have a basic understanding of human tolerance to impact, and be in possession of tools which can be used as human surrogates to assess a particular injury. The tools can be in the form of anthopometric test dummies or mathmatical models for simulation of impact events and evaluation of injury risks. This article addresses the biomechanics of head and neck, thorocolumbar spine, and chest and abdomen. It provides basic information on injury mechanisms, biomechanical responses, human tolerances and surrogates to evaluate safety systems for injury prevention.
Gas-rich and gas-poor structures through the stream velocity effect

Using adiabatic high-resolution numerical simulations we quantify the effect of the streaming motion of baryons with respect to dark matter at the time of recombination on structure formation and evolution. Formally a second order effect, the baryonic stream velocity has proven to have significant impact on dark matter halo abundance, as well as on the gas content and morphology of small galaxy clusters. In this work, we study the impact of stream velocity on the formation and gas content of haloes with masses up to $10^9 M_{\odot}$, an order of magnitude larger than previous studies. We find that the non-zero stream velocity has a sizable impact on the number density of haloes with masses $\lesssim$ few $\times 10^7 M_{\odot}$ up to $z=10$, the final redshift of our simulations. Furthermore, the gas stream velocity induces a suppression of the gas fraction in haloes, which at z=10 is $\sim 10 \%$ for objects with $M\sim10^7M_{\odot}$, as well as a flattening of the gas density profiles in the inner regions of haloes. We further identify and study the formation, in the context of a non-zero stream velocity, of moderately long lived gas dominated structures at intermediate redshifts $10 < z < 20$, which Naoz and Narayan have recently proposed as potential progenitors of globular clusters.
The kiss

"The Kiss" is an animated film about being elevated and carried away by the power of love. The film is orchestrated by a butterfly that brings two origami puppets to life so they can fall in love.
Connected space

Connected Space connects remote spaces based on sensor data values that users collect. Diverse spaces that have similar ambient data are connected. Because sensor data is quantified data which falls outside the scope of human senses, users need a solution to understand it. Connected Space maps the data into a visual representation and allows interaction with the data. Connected Space suggests a new way to connect remote spaces with sensor data in Telecommunication Art and also suggests ways to enable users to understand quantified data with interaction in a more concrete way.
Psychological Effects of Restaurant Meetings on Industrial Buyers

Previous research has assessed industrial buyers' opinions of restaurant meetings with sales representatives but failed to clarify what settings are advantageous from a sales standpoint (Dempsey, B...
Spatial Consumption and Kinematics for an Assisted Transfer in an Aircraft Lavatory

Air travelers with mobility disabilities need greater access to onboard lavatories. To facilitate the design of compact, accessible aircraft lavatories, motion capture and spatial mapping techniques were used to investigate the effect of the wheelchair-to-toilet angle on spatial consumption and transferor kinematics during an assisted toilet transfer. Twenty-nine participants transferred a dummy within a simulated aircraft lavatory for wheelchair-to-toilet angles of 0° and 90°. The dimensions and shape of the spatial volume used, and the trunk kinematics of the transferor, differed between the 0° and 90° transfers. The smaller peak load moment arm for the 90° transfer was consistent with a lesser risk of low back injury to the transferor, suggesting that this transfer angle should be preferentially employed. The results also suggest that, by tailoring the design to a specific wheelchair-to-toilet angle, it may be possible to develop accessible lavatories that are more compact than those currently available.
Pilot Scale Production of Mixed Alcohols from Wood

An integrated thermochemical biomass to ethanol process was demonstrated at the pilot scale at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). A total of 233 h of pilot scale mixed alcohol production was achieved, comprising 81 h of continuous operation in methanol-derived syngas followed by 152 h of continuous operation in biomass-derived syngas. During this period the system generated 20 L of mixed alcohol product. The fully integrated biomass to mixed alcohol process was comprised of a solids feeder, fluidized bed indirect steam gasifier, thermal cracker, char collector, fluidized bed steam reformer, packed bed polishing steam reformer, scrubber, pressure-swing CO2 adsorber, and gas-phase continuously stirred tank gas-to-liquid reactor (CSTR). Additional pumps, compressors, and blowers were used to convey gases, solids, and liquids. Tars and methane were reformed using sequential steps: first in a fluidized bed using an NREL-developed Ni-based catalyst followed by a fixed bed reactor loaded with pelle...
High Throughput Analyses of Budding Yeast ARSs Reveal New DNA Elements Capable of Conferring Centromere-Independent Plasmid Propagation

The ability of plasmids to propagate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been instrumental in defining eukaryotic chromosomal control elements. Stable propagation demands both plasmid replication, which requires a chromosomal replication origin (i.e., an ARS), and plasmid distribution to dividing cells, which requires either a chromosomal centromere for segregation or a plasmid-partitioning element. While our knowledge of yeast ARSs and centromeres is relatively advanced, we know less about chromosomal regions that can function as plasmid partitioning elements. The Rap1 protein-binding site (RAP1) present in transcriptional silencers and telomeres of budding yeast is a known plasmid-partitioning element that functions to anchor a plasmid to the inner nuclear membrane (INM), which in turn facilitates plasmid distribution to daughter cells. This Rap1-dependent INM-anchoring also has an important chromosomal role in higher-order chromosomal structures that enhance transcriptional silencing and telomere stability. Thus, plasmid partitioning can reflect fundamental features of chromosome structure and biology, yet a systematic screen for plasmid partitioning elements has not been reported. Here, we couple deep sequencing with competitive growth experiments of a plasmid library containing thousands of short ARS fragments to identify new plasmid partitioning elements. Competitive growth experiments were performed with libraries that differed only in terms of the presence or absence of a centromere. Comparisons of the behavior of ARS fragments in the two experiments allowed us to identify sequences that were likely to drive plasmid partitioning. In addition to the silencer RAP1 site, we identified 74 new putative plasmid-partitioning motifs predicted to act as binding sites for DNA binding proteins enriched for roles in negative regulation of gene expression and G2/M-phase associated biology. These data expand our knowledge of chromosomal elements that may function in plasmid partitioning and suggest underlying biological roles shared by such elements.
Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen

Chlamydia species infect millions of individuals worldwide and are important etiological agents of sexually transmitted disease, infertility, and blinding trachoma. Historically, the genetic intractability of this intracellular pathogen has hindered the molecular dissection of virulence factors contributing to its pathogenesis. The obligate intracellular life cycle of Chlamydia and restrictions on the use of antibiotics as selectable markers have impeded the development of molecular tools to genetically manipulate these pathogens. However, recent developments in the field have resulted in significant gains in our ability to alter the genome of Chlamydia, which will expedite the elucidation of virulence mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the challenges affecting the development of molecular genetic tools for Chlamydia and the work that laid the foundation for recent advancements in the genetic analysis of this recalcitrant pathogen.
Survivability Analysis of the Satellite Electrical Power Subsystem Architecture

Satellites are costly to operate and difficult to repair once in use. A failure of the satellite electric power subsystem (EPS) may result in the loss of a satellite. Analysis of the EPS ability to continue to deliver power to loads in the presence of multiple faults in its elements (or survivability) may assist in designing a more reliable EPS. The current paper analyses the EPS survivability which is due to its topology from the perspective of individual loads. The UoSAT-12 mini-satellite EPS is chosen as a testbed for conducting computational analysis of its survivability.
Control countermeasure of flies after flood

Using physical method to control flies larva and breeding area,chemical method to kill flies adults after flood,the density of flies is controlled at a low level.Thus the disease is controlled happening and spreading.
Incomplete persistent atrioventricular canal; operative methods and the results of pre- and postoperative hemodynamic assessments.

Summary Thirty patients are described in whom operative treatment of incomplete persistent atrioventricular canal was undertaken. Associated malformations, generally within this diagnostic spectrum, were present in 12 patients, 6 of whom had common atrium. In all, the cleft mitral valve was repaired, the interatrial septum reconstituted with a prosthesis, and any associated anomaly corrected. There were four operative deaths and two late ones; 1 patient in each group died as a result of residual mitral regurgitation. Intraoperative indicator-dilution curves were recorded in all patients and indicated immediate abolition of the left-to-right shunt in each. The 24 surviving patients are all asymptomatic, and, in 18 of them, detailed postoperative hemodynamic studies were carried out. A recurrent circulatory shunt necessitating reoperation was found in 1 patient. In the 7 patients with pulmonary hypertension, the pulmonary arterial pressure was found to be lower postoperatively. Pulmonary capillary and right atrial pressures were normal after operation in all patients studied, indicating satisfactory mitral and tricuspid valve function. The results of the studies indicate that operative treatment of incomplete persistent atrioventricular canal provides gratifying improvement when the major hemodynamic abnormalities before operation result from increased pulmonary blood flow. When mitral incompetence is of major importance, however, a satisfactory repair may necessitate extensive reconstruction or prosthetic replacement of the valve.
The Heart of the University: Library Link Location on Doctoral Granting Institutions Webpages and Correlation with Research Output

Abstract While other research articles have looked at visibility of the library and reasons for where the link to the library webpage is placed, this article will explore how the location of the library link on doctorate-granting institution websites correlates with research output. In this article, the author used the Carnegie Classification framework for doctorate-granting universities and classified the library link location on their university websites to show that there was a correlation between placement of the library link and the research output of the university. The results show that doctoral granting institutions with higher research output put the link to their library on more prominent positions on the university website.
Cornerstone Third Party Alternative Cost Study

The attached cost analyses sheets have been developed for use in planning during the Third Party Alternative study currently underway for the Sandia CREATE project. This cost analysis builds upon the previously submitted base estimate dated June 14, 2013 and includes comparison information collected during a Market Validation exercise conducted in August/September 2013.
Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia in Fragile X Syndrome

Investigators at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, have compared posterior vermis size (cross-sectional area) measured by MRI in 32 males with fragile X syndrome (fra X), 28 males with other causes of cognitive disability (CD), 38 males with normal development (ND), and 37 females with fra X and 53 female control subjects.
HandKAchip - Hands-free killing assay on a chip

Small animals such as the roundworm C. elegans are excellent models for studying bacterial infection and host response, as well as for genetic and chemical screens. A key methodology is the killing assay, in which the number of surviving animals is tracked as a function of the time post infection. This is a labor-intensive procedure, prone to human error and subjective choices, and often involves undesired perturbation to the animals and their environment. In addition, the survival of animals is just one aspect of a multi-dimensional complex biological process. Here we report a microfluidic-based approach for performing killing assays in worms, compatible with standard assays performed on solid media. In addition to providing accurate and reproducible survival curves at a considerably reduced labor, this approach allows acquisition of a multitude of quantitative data with minimal undesired perturbations. These measurements are obtained automatically at a worm-by-worm resolution using a custom image processing workflow. The proposed approach is simple, scalable, and extendable, and is significantly more economical than standard manual protocols.
Wireless Network-on-Chip analysis of propagation technique for on-chip communication

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a communication paradigm capable of facilitating a scalable interconnection infrastructure for multi core processors. Wireless NoCs have been introduced to improve the communication performance over long-distance processing nodes. Current on-chip antennas used in wireless NoCs communicate predominantly through surface waves, where the efficacy of the wireless nodes is partially determined by the radiation efficiency and transmission gain limited due to the conductivity loss of the silicon substrate. Recently, an on-chip propagation technique of radio waves was introduced, through the un-doped silicon layer as opposed to surface-waves prevalent in literature. The through-substrate propagation waves provide a unique solution to overcome the challenge of long-distance communication between processing nodes. In this work, overall improvements are shown compared to traditional wireless NoCs with the placement of antennas on undoped silicon (i.e. communicating through surface waves), simulated in NoC architectures across performance metrics of area, power consumption and latency.
Personalized cancer tests and services on the Internet: A website content analysis.

1553 Background: The Internet may facilitate the use of guideline endorsed “personalized” cancer tests and services by increasing awareness of and access to new technologies; however limited regula...
Effect of contact field plate on hot-carrier-induced on-resistance degradation in n-Drain extended MOS transistors

In this paper, various kinds of n-Drain Extended MOS with contact field plate are investigated. Improved on-resistance degradation is observed for all the kinds of contact field plates. Technology Computer-Aided-Design simulation reveals that the impact ionization rate in the drift region is decreased for all kinds of contact field plates.
A systematic review of mediators of physical activity, nutrition, and screen time in adolescents: Implications for future research and clinical practice

Abstract Background Adolescents are not meeting current recommendations for daily physical activity, nutrition, and screentime which has been associated with overweight and obesity. Understanding the mediators that facilitate teens in improving their healthy lifestyle behaviors may be helpful in halting this crisis. Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to assess published findings regarding mediators of adolescent energy balance behaviors. Method We followed the Institute of Medicine guidelines for completing a systematic review. Discussion Fourteen analyses from 12 studies were included with mediating variables tested for nutrition, physical activity, and screen time. Mediators were identified for all three behaviors and were primarily on the individual level of the social ecological model. Conclusions Combining findings from this and other reviews of mediators can help guide researchers in choosing mediating factors for specific target behaviors.
Writing and Creativity

Storytelling goes back to the earliest days of spoken language. Writing began as a symbolic means to represent oral communication. This article presents an overview of techniques and results from investigations on writing and creativity. Some creativity researchers focused on eminent professional writers, attempting to determine if they differ from the general population or other eminent creative people. Other researchers have examined specific writers, trying to understand their life and work. Writing as an aid to improve health is a current subject of interest.
Comprehensive Arrayed Transposon Mutant Library of Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreak Strain KPNIH1

Klebsiella pneumoniae and other carbapenem-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, yet the basis of their success as nosocomial pathogens is poorly understood. To help provide a foundation for genetic analysis of K. pneumoniae, we created an arrayed, sequence-defined transposon mutant library of an isolate from the 2011 outbreak of infections at the U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. The library is made up of 12,000 individually arrayed mutants of a carbapenemase deletion parent strain and provides coverage of 85% of the predicted genes. The library includes an average of 2.5 mutants per gene, with most insertion locations identified and confirmed in two independent rounds of Sanger sequencing. On the basis of an independent transposon sequencing assay, about half of the genes lacking representatives in this "two-allele" library are essential for growth on nutrient agar. To validate the use of the library for phenotyping, we screened candidate mutants for increased antibiotic sensitivity by using custom phenotypic microarray plates. This screening identified several mutations increasing sensitivity to β-lactams (in acrB1, mcrB, ompR, phoP1, and slt1) and found that two-component regulator cpxAR mutations increased multiple sensitivities (to an aminoglycoside, a fluoroquinolone, and several β-lactams). Strains making up the two-allele mutant library are available through a web-based request mechanism.IMPORTANCE K. pneumoniae and other carbapenem-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are recognized as a top public health threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The analysis of these major nosocomial pathogens has been limited by the experimental resources available for studying them. The work presented here describes a sequence-defined mutant library of a K. pneumoniae strain (KPNIH1) that represents an attractive model for studies of this pathogen because it is a recent isolate of the major sequence type that causes infection, the epidemiology of the outbreak it caused is well characterized, and an annotated genome sequence is available. The ready availability of defined mutants deficient in nearly all of the nonessential genes of the model strain should facilitate the genetic dissection of complex traits like pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance.