cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
mip1 containing mutations associated with mitochondrial disease causes mutagenesis and depletion of mtDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

DNA polymerase gamma (pol gamma) is responsible for replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Over 150 mutations in POLG (which encodes pol gamma) have been discovered in patients with mitochondrial disorders including Alpers, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and ataxia-neuropathy syndrome. However, the severity and dominance of many POLG disease-associated mutations are unclear, because they have been reported in sporadic cases. To understand the consequences of pol gamma disease-associated mutations in vivo, we identified dominant and recessive changes in mtDNA mutagenesis, depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by 31 mutations in the conserved regions of the gene, MIP1, which encodes the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog of human pol gamma. Twenty mip1 mutant enzymes were shown to disrupt mtDNA replication and may be sufficient to cause disease. Previously uncharacterized sporadic mutations, Q308H, R807C, G1076V, R1096H and S1104C, caused decreased polymerase activity leading to mtDNA depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. We present evidence showing a limited role of point mutagenesis by these POLG mutations in mitochondrial dysfunction and disease progression. Instead, most mitochondrial defective mip1 mutants displayed reduced or depleted mtDNA. We also determined that the severity of the phenotype of the mip1 mutant strain correlates with the age of onset of disease associated with the human ortholog. Finally, we demonstrated that increasing nucleotide pools by overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR1) suppressed mtDNA replication defects caused by several dominant mip1 mutations, and the orthologous human mutations revealed severe nucleotide binding defects.
Residence Time and Movements of Postbreeding Shorebirds on the Northern Coast of Alaska

Abstract. Relatively little is known about shorebird movements across the coast of northern Alaska, yet postbreeding shorebirds use this coastline extensively prior to fall migration. We deployed 346 radio transmitters on 153 breeding and 193 postbreeding shorebirds of five species from 2005 to 2007.We examined two hypotheses regarding postbreeding shorebirds' movements: (1) whether such movements reflect ultimate routes of southbound migration and (2) whether migration strategy (length of flights) or timing of molt in relation to migration (molt occurring in breeding or winter range) are more influential in determining postbreeding shorebirds' behavior. Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) moved east, consistent with the direction of their ultimate migration, but patterns of other species' movements did not reflect ultimate migration direction. Timing of postnuptial molt appeared to have more influence over residence time and movements than did migration strategy. Postcapture residence time for the...
Specialized languages: an applications methodology

One objective of the information processing community is to aid the problem-solving activities of its clients. In this paper we will discuss a methodology for serving the needs of the "user", that is, the end-user: the manager running an organization, the accountant understanding the financial condition of a company, the anthropologist studying a culture, the engineer designing some equipment, or the meteorologist predicting the weather. Each of these users has his own particular, idiosyncratic problems. The computer should be an effective tool for him in dealing with these problems. Our methodology is designed to provide each of these users with an appropriate interface to the computer, with a language which is natural to his view of reality.
RoadSpeak: enabling voice chat on roadways using vehicular social networks

A great number of people spend one or more hours each day driving between home and the office. These daily roadway commutes are highly predictable and regular, and provide a great opportunity to form virtual mobile communities. However, even though these commuters are already physically present in the same location, they are limited in their ability to communicate with each other. This paper presents a framework for building such communities, which we call Vehicular Social Networks (VSNs), to facilitate better communication between commuters driving on roadways. As a proof of concept, we present the design of RoadSpeak, a VSN-based system which allows drivers to automatically join VSNs along popular roadways, and communicate with each other by means of voice chat messages.
Congenital Encephalitozoonosis in a Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Multifocal granulomatous encephalitis associated with invasion of the brain by Encephalitozoon cuniculi was present in a squirrel monkey less than 24 h old. This appeared to be a congenital infection. The infant's dam was clinically normal.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LECTIN-MEDIATED BRAIN UPTAKE OF HIV-1 GP120

The viral coat of the HIV-1 virus, gp120, has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in lectin-like fashion by inducing adsorptive endocytosis (AE), a vesicular mechanism that could provide pathways into and across brain endothelial cells for virus and infected immune cells. Here, we extended those findings to show that gp120 slowly crossed the BBB with about 0.15% of an intravenously injected dose entering the brain after about 2 hr. The plant lectin glycoprotein wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) greatly enhanced gp120 crossing without disrupting the BBB. WGA enhanced the uptake of gp120 into all peripheral tissues studied, but the greatest percent increase occurred for brain, whereas another barrier tissue, the testis, had the least increase. Five other plant lectins tested had little or no effect on gp120 uptake by brain, suggesting a key role for sialic acid and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl acid, the sugars to which WGA binds, in the uptake of gp120 by brain endothelial cells. WGA did not enhance the uptake of nonglycosylated gp120 and the uptake of gp120 was not self-inhibitable or altered by pretreatment of mice with aluminum. In conclusion, these studies show that gp120 crosses the BBB by a lectin-like mechanism resembling AE that is likely mediated by binding to specific sugar moieties and is rather selective for brain.
A differentially-tuned CMOS LC VCO for low-voltage full-rate 10 Gb/s CDR circuit

A fully-integrated differentially-tuned CMOS LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. The VCO is designed in a 0.13 /spl mu/m standard digital CMOS process with a 1.2 V supply. It achieves a phase noise of -99 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a carrier frequency of 10 GHz and has a tuning range of 3.7 GHz with the core consuming only 3.6 mW of DC power. This satisfies the requirements of clock-and-data-recovery (CDR) circuits for 10 gigabit optical communication systems. This paper also investigates, for the first time, the circuit topologies of other building blocks for a fully-differential implementation of a closed loop full-rate CDR circuit with low supply voltage (1.2 V).
The Pursuit of Self-Esteem: Contingencies of Self-Worth and Self-Regulation

Successful self-regulation is defined as the willingness to exert effort toward one's most important goals, while taking setbacks and failures as opportunities to learn, identify weaknesses and address them, and develop new strategies toward achieving those goals. Contingencies of self-worth can facilitate self-regulation because people are highly motivated to succeed and avoid failure in domains of contingency. However, because boosts in self-esteem are pleasurable and drops in self-esteem are painful, protection, maintenance, and enhancement of self-esteem can become the overriding goal. Several pitfalls for self-regulation can result, especially when tasks are difficult and failure is likely. In this article, we describe a program of research examining these self-regulation pitfalls associated with contingent self-worth and suggest that learning orientations, particularly the willingness to embrace failure for the learning it affords, foster successful self-regulation even in people with highly contingent self-esteem.
Seed source has variable effects on species, communities, and ecosystem properties in grassland restorations

Research to date regarding the relative advantages of local versus non-local sources of plant material for restoration has produced equivocal results. This research has typically focused on the performance of individual species at individual locations and without addressing higher order community and ecosystem properties. We investigated the effects of seed source (local, non-local, and mixed-source treatments) on species, community, and ecosystem properties under a range of environmental conditions using reciprocal common gardens at locations in three states (Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma). In order to mimic the restoration of grassland vegetation under realistic conditions where multiple species interact with one another during establishment, we seeded twelve species together between December, 2009 and January, 2010, and assessed responses in 2010, 2011, and 2012. Both common garden location and seed source affected the establishment of individual species (measured as species-specific biomass), but responses were not consistent among species. No seed source had a consistent advantage across all sites or across all species. In a few cases, the local source was most productive for a particular species at one location, but no species showed a consistent local advantage across locations or years. Rather, in two out of three species that exhibited a local advantage at one location, the same source was also the most productive at a non-local site. Community structure and species richness differed among locations in all years, but source did not significantly affect seeded species richness, and source only affected community structure in 2011. Despite source effects on individual species and community structure, seed source had no significant effects on the combined productivity of seeded species. These results do not support the targeted use of local sources when the establishment of sown species and primary productivity are restoration objectives. Using mixed-source species mixtures may increase chances of restoration success, given the idiosyncrasy of individual species' responses among locations and potential site-specific environmental changes likely to occur in the future.
A diagnostic carbon flux model to monitor the effects of disturbance and interannual variation in climate on regional NEP

Net ecosystem production (NEP) was estimated over a 10.9 × 10 4 km 2 forested region in western Oregon USA for 2 yr (2002–2003) using a combination of remote sensing, distributed meteorological data, and a carbon cycle model (CFLUX). High spatial resolution satellite data (Landsat, 30 m) provided information on land cover and the disturbance regime. Coarser resolution satellite imagery (MODIS, 1 km) provided estimates of vegetation absorption of photosynthetically active radiation. A spatially distributed (1 km) daily time step meteorology was generated for model input by interpolation of meteorological station data. The model employed a light use efficiency approach for photosynthesis. It was run over a 1 km grid. This approach captured spatial patterns in NEP associated with climatic gradients, ecoregional differences in NEP generated by different management histories, temporal variation in NEP associated with interannual variation in climate and changes in NEP associated with recovery from disturbances such as the large forest fire in southern Oregon in 2002. Regional NEP averaged 174 gC m −2 yr −1 in 2002 and 142 gC m −2 yr −1 in 2003. A diagnostic modelling approach of this type can provide independent estimates of regional NEP for comparison with results of inversion or boundary layer budget approaches. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00221.x
Evidence for multiple recruitment-cohorts of puget sound dungeness crab, Cancer magister

While sampling intertidally in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, for juvenile Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) in 1984, we found evidence of two distinct “cohorts” of the same year-class based on sizes of first-instar juveniles (J1) and the spatial/temporal patterns of settlement. In 1988, three distinct cohorts were observed to settle in Puget Sound and its approaches. Settlement of one cohort occurred during May in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and in those areas of Puget Sound closest to the Strait. J1 individuals of this cohort were large (x=7.4 mm carapace width, CW) and comparable in both size and timing of settlement to populations along the Washington coast (e.g. Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay). Initial settlement density of the May cohort was as high as 215 crabs/m2 in intertidal eelgrass beds along the Strait of Juan de Fuca and decreased to <2 crabs/m2 within Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia. A second cohort apparently originated in Hood Canal (a deep inland fjord), its size upon settlement in June was significantly smaller (J1 x= 5.3 mm CW) than the May cohort, and it was limited to Hood Canal and areas of Puget Sound close to the mouth of Hood Canal. A third cohort, which settled in late July and August, was the smallest of the three cohorts (J1 x= 4.8 mm CW), and was widely distributed around Puget Sound from Seattle in the south to the USA/Canadian border in the north. We hypothesize that most juvenile recruitment in Hood Canal and Puget Sound originates from parental stocks endemic to their respective basins (“Hood Canal” and “Puget Sound” cohorts), but that, on occasion, oceanographic conditions allow substantial influx of Pacific Ocean Dungeness crab larvae (“oceanic” cohort) through the Strait of Juan de Fuca into Puget Sound. Tracking of spatial/temporal settlement patterns and comparison of J1 sizes proved useful for estimating the probable sources and dispersion of Dungeness crab larvae. Differences in size and time of settlement between various larval cohorts of C. magister may prove useful as “biomarkers” for tracing circulation patterns within and between inland waters of Washington and the Pacific Ocean. Causes of smaller size and later settlement of the “Puget Sound” cohort relative to oceanic conspecifics of the same year-class are discussed.
Silicon carbide cooled solid-state laser

Optical silicon carbide is proposed for face cooling in bulk solid-state lasers instead of currently used diamond. First demonstrations resulted in 24% slope efficiency of the SiC-cooled Nd:YAG laser despite double SiC/YAG interface intracavity loss.
Gender differences in the efficacy of fluoxetine and maprotiline in depressed patients: a double-blind trial of antidepressants with serotonergic or norepinephrinergic reuptake inhibition profile.

Background: Depression has emerged as a contrastive area of gender differences in psychiatry, as epidemiological data has consistently shown depression is twice as common in women as men. The pharmacodynamic effect of antidepressants may also show gender differences, as suggested by reports of better response of young women to non-tricyclic antidepressants. Methods: The antidepressive effect of an SSRI (fluoxetine) and a tetracyclic antidepressant with selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitory effect (maprotiline) was compared in a 6-week, double-blind trial of 105 depressed patients. Results: No significant difference was observed in the change of HAMD17 total score from baseline to week 6 between fluoxetine- and maprotiline-treated patients. A significant difference was observed in females (fluoxetine, −17.8; maprotiline, −13.9; P=0.017) between treatment groups, but not in males. Amongst females, the difference was significant in women aged <44 years (fluoxetine, −18.4; maprotiline, −12.9; P=0.023) but not ≥44 years. Conclusions: Females in their reproductive period are more responsive to SSRI (fluoxetine) than norepinephrinergic tetracyclic antidepressant (maprotiline) treatment. Normal cyclical ovulation, and estrogen release may have a clinically relevant pharmacodynamic interaction with serotonergic antidepressants.
Will Generalist Physician Supply Meet Demands Of An Increasing And Aging Population

We predict that population growth and aging will increase family physicians’ and general internists’ workloads by 29 percent between 2005 and 2025. We expect a 13 percent increased workload for care of children by pediatricians and family physicians. However, the supply of generalists for adult care, adjusted for age and sex, will increase 7 percent, or only 2 percent if the number of graduates continues to decline through 2008. We expect deficits of 35,000–44,000 adult care generalists, although the supply for care of children should be adequate. These forces threaten the nation’s foundation of primary care for adults.
Closing the Home Care Case: Home Health Aides’ Perspectives on Family Caregiving:

A series of focus groups with home health aides experienced in caring for patients with stroke or brain injury provided insight into how they experience their work and their relationship to family caregivers. Two issues merit more attention. First, aides reported that they do not always have all of the information, including diagnosis or previous history, which they need to provide appropriate care. Second, aides said they often receive little advance notice about when the case would close. Abrupt transitions are hard for aides, families, and patients who have often built up a good relationship. Agencies should establish better lines of communication for relevant information, correct misunderstandings about privacy rules, provide additional guidance about how to respond to caregivers’ questions, and provide adequate time for closure.
Perspectives: Ending Moral Hazard

FAJ editor Rodney Sullivan, CFA, recently sat down with former Federal Reserve Bank president William Poole for an interview about the fallout from the global market crisis and how to end the moral hazard arising from government bailouts.
Pressure-Volume Isotherms of He 3 between 1.5 and 3.8°K

$\mathrm{PV}$ isotherms of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ gas have been measured at 3.786, 2.991, 2.161, 1.818, and 1.516\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Values of the second virial coefficient, $B$, derived from the data, are, respectively, -65.37, -86.25, -117.9, -142.3, and -168.0 cc/mole. For only the isotherms of 3.786 and 2.991\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K was the third virial coefficient found to be significant. These values are 1132 and 1718 ${\mathrm{cc}}^{2}$/${\mathrm{mole}}^{2}$, respectively. The measured $B'\mathrm{s}$ are shown to be in satisfactory agreement with those calculated using a modified Slater-Kirkwood type potential, with constants chosen to give a good fit to the measured ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ $B'\mathrm{s}$ below 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Ultrafast dynamics of solvated small molecules from resonance Raman spectroscopy

Resonance Raman spectroscopy can be a valuable probe of solvation effects on both electronic and vibrational molecular dynamics. For electronic excitations accompanied by large geometry changes, including but not limited to direct dissociation, the resonance Raman fundamental, overtone, and combination band intensities provide a high resolution window onto the excited state dynamics.1 The emission band shapes and quantum yields of Raman and fluorescence type emission are determined by electronic population decay and pure dephasing processes in solution.2 Finally, the vibrational frequencies of the highly excited overtones and combination bands that can often be observed for small molecules on resonance allow the solvation perturbed ground state potential surface to be mapped out in detail, while the linewidths are determined by the ground state dephasing rates for these highly excited vibrations.
Measurement of ligamentous strength in rat knees.

Data have been presented relative to the strength and force-elongation relationships of rat ligaments. The findings indicated that the testing methods employed are sufficiently reliable for experimental purposes. Results showed that body weight, sex, and age of the animals are important parameters w
Ultraviolet Air Disinfection in the Theater

Theater attendance, and the decrease during times of epidemic respiratory disease, involves a public-health and a theater-operation problem possible of partial solution by an increase in ventilation, a sanitary ventilation, probably effective only when provided in amounts physically and economically impractical because of the power and duct capacity required to heat and distribute outdoor winter make-up air. Ultraviolet air disinfection provides a way of making the air in the upper third or half of theater auditoria and accessory rooms as good as outdoor air, or a sanitary ventilation of the lower air, equivalent to 50 to 100 air changes, resulting from the usual random vertical air circulation throughout the horizontal cross section of occupied rooms. Any sanitary ventilation value in the make-up air of a duct-heating and air-conditioning system, may also be increased five- to tenfold by using ultraviolet energy to disinfect all recirculated air to the bacterial equivalence of outdoor air. There are tabulated lamp requirements for upper-air and duct-air disinfection and schematic installation sketches.
Steroid Therapy in Cases of Allergic Disease

This report covers a study of 83 cases of allergic disease in which dexamethasone was administered.Results of treatment were evaluated on the basis of subjective symptoms and of the effect of the drug on the results of tests for pulmonary ventilation and volume.In almost all cases, relief was obtained by the end of the second day after administration of the drug was started.
The genus Mansonella (syn. Tetrapetalonema): a new classification.

Mansonella has been established as a valid genus, and Tetrapetalonema synonymized with it. Comparative morphological studies have resulted in the restructuring of the Mansonella group. The genus is characterized by the following features : cuticular preesophageal ring absent ; esophagus slender, poorly differentiated ; female tail with four terminal papillae ; caudal papillae in male typically clustered around cloaca ; and, microfdariae without sheath. Twenty-four species are assigned to the genus Mansonella. Five subgenera are proposed to accomodate these species. The subgeneric groups are distinguished principally on morphological criteria, although host range and geographical distribution are considered. The following systematic classification is proposed :—Mansonella (Mansonella) subgen. n., to accomodate those species which have the following morphological features : cephalic extremity with dorsoventral orientation ; male tail with tip flattened dorsoventrally ; vulva in midesophageal region ; and microfilariae without nuclei extenting to tip of tail. Type species is M. (M.) ozzardi. —Mansonella (Tupainema) subgen. n., to accomodate the single species M. dunni with the following characters : cephalic extremity with lateral orientation and body constricted to form cephalic extremity in shape of hemisphere narrower than body behind it ; tip of male tail not flattened dorsoventrally ; vulva at or posterior to base of esophagus ; and, microfilariae without nuclei to tip of tail.—Mansonella (Esslingeria) comb, n., to accomodate those species with the following characters : cephalic extremity with lateral orientation ; male tail flattened dorsoventrally at tip or not ; vulva in midesophageal region ; and, microfilariae with nuclei to tip of tail. Type species is M. (E.) perstans. —Mansonella (Tetrapetalonema) comb, n., to accomodate those species with the following characters : cephalic extremity with dorsoventral orientation or with body constricted to form cephalic extremity in shape of hemisphere narrower than body behind it ; male tail not flattened at tip ; vulva in midesophageal region ; and, microfilariae with nuclei to tip of tail. Type species is M. (T.) marmosetae. —Mansonella (Sandnema) comb, n., to accomodate those species with the following characters : cephalic extremity rounded, not oriented along lateral or median axis ; tip of male tail not flattened ; caudal papillae on male tail not clustered around cloaca ; vulva near base of esophagus ; and, microfilariae with nuclei to tip of tail. Type species is M. (S.) digitata.
Cecal Ligation and Puncture Followed by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Increases Mortality in Mice and Blunts Production of Local and Systemic Cytokines

Mortality in the intensive care unit frequently results from the synergistic effect of two temporally distinct infections. This study examined the pathophysiology of a new model of intra-abdominal sepsis followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia. Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham laparotomy followed 3 days later by an intratracheal injection of MRSA or saline. Both CLP/saline and sham/MRSA mice had 100% survival, whereas animals with CLP followed by MRSA pneumonia had 67% 7-day survival. Animals subjected to CLP/MRSA had increased bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of MRSA compared with sham/MRSA animals. Animals subjected to sham/MRSA pneumonia had increased bronchoalveolar lavage levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor compared with those given intratracheal saline, whereas CLP/MRSA mice had a blunted local inflammatory response with markedly decreased cytokine levels. Similarly, animals subjected to CLP/saline had increased peritoneal lavage levels of IL-6 and IL-1β compared with those subjected to sham laparotomy, whereas this response was blunted in CLP/MRSA mice. Systemic cytokines were upregulated in both CLP/saline and sham/MRSA mice, and this was blunted by the combination of CLP/MRSA. In contrast, no synergistic effect on pneumonia severity, white blood cell count, or lymphocyte apoptosis was identified in CLP/MRSA mice compared with animals with either insult in isolation. These results indicate that a clinically relevant model of CLP followed by MRSA pneumonia causes higher mortality than could have been predicted from studying either infection in isolation, and this was associated with a blunted local (pulmonary and peritoneal) and systemic inflammatory response and decreased ability to clear infection.
Urbanization and English Romantic Poetry

Through an incisive analysis of the emerging debates surrounding urbanization in the Romantic period, together with close readings of poets including William Blake, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Stephen Tedeschi explores the notion that the Romantic poets criticized the historical form that the process of urbanization had taken, rather than urbanization itself. The works of the Romantic poets are popularly considered in a rural context and often understood as hostile to urbanization - one of the most profound social transformations of the era. By focusing on the urban aspects of such writing, Tedeschi re-orientates the relationship between urbanization and English Romantic poetry to deliver a study that discovers how the Romantic poets examined not only the influence of urbanization on poetry but also how poetry might help to reshape the form that urbanization could take.
Validity and the Use of Self-Report Questionnaires to Assess Self-Regulated Learning

Self-report questionnaires (SRQ) have long been the most common method used to assess self-regulated learning (SRL). This chapter provides a working definition of SRQ and identifies strengths associated with this type of assessment. Next, it also provides recommendations relevant to both researchers and practitioners for using SRQ to assess SRL. Then, the chapter reviews the various types of validity evidence and discusses the application of each when using SRQ to assess SRL. Given the many potential benefits of using SRQ, it is perhaps a foregone conclusion that they will continue to be a common method used to assess SRL. The challenge ahead, therefore, is to ensure that SRQ are used responsibly, in ways that continue to build evidence of their validity. Furthermore, the chapter identifies recommendations for theoretical and applied research using SRQ to assess SRL that are designed to help achieve this goal.
Detection of spatially sparse damage using impulse response sensitivity and LASSO regularization

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an impulse response sensitivity approach enhanced with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization in order to detect spatially sparse (localized) damage. The analytical expression for impulse response sensitivity was derived using Vetter calculus. The proposed algorithm exploits the fact that when damage is sparse, an -norm regularization is more suitable than the common least squares ( -norm) minimization. The proposed methodology is successfully applied in the context of a simulated 21 degree of freedom non-uniform shear beam with noise-contaminated measurements, limited modal parameters and limited sensor locations. Single input–single output and single input-two output cases are investigated.
Early Evolution of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation Process: Contributions from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Testing Program

During the 1980s, whole effluent toxicity testing was incorporated into the regulatory control program for municipal and industrial effluents in the USA, as a complement to chemical-specific limitations. While regulating effluent toxicity offered several advantages, it also required the development of means to identify and control sources of toxicity within effluents, which could include toxicants not previously monitored or even known. To meet this need, the US Environmental Protection Agency developed an effects-directed analysis procedure called “toxicity identification evaluation”. This involved a suite of physical/chemical manipulations that are applied to aliquots of a toxic effluent sample, and the relative effects of these manipulations on effluent toxicity are used to infer the type of toxicant(s) responsible for toxicity, and to guide their isolation and analytical identification. This chapter provides an overview of these methods and their component phases: I – Characterization, II – Identification, and III – Confirmation. Case examples of toxicant identification in effluents from municipal and industrial sources are discussed, along with a broad summary of the types of toxicants identified, and the characteristics of those toxicants that helped guide their assessment.
Some Influences of Geometry, Shear and Walls on 3D Flows at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers

A study has been carried out to determine some basic influences of particle shape, shear flow and walls on the three-dimensional separated flow patterns over particles at low and intermediate range of Reynolds numbers, less than 100. The particle geometries that have been employed in the investigation are an ellipsoid of revolution, a sphere in a shear flow, and a half sphere on a wall. The method of solution consists of a numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations with a second order, implicit, finite volume formulation, and both single and overset meshed have been employed. The numerical methods have performed well and the results have been verified with the use of simple test cases which agree with available experimental and numerical studies. The computations show how non-uniformities in both the flow and geometry alter the separated flow process in a systematic way. An important result of this investigation is that the fluid near the surface of the particle tends to flow into the lowest pressure region of the separation bubble. Although three-dimensional separation is always complex, the present results form a fundamental foundation for understanding basic processes.
Nuclear level density, thermalization, chaos, and collectivity

Abstract The knowledge of the level density is necessary for understanding nuclear reactions involving excited nuclear states. In particular, it is an important element in description of astrophysical processes and in technological applications. This review article explains main ideas of physics forming the level density in complex nuclei that grows very fast due to combinatorial complexity of total excitation energy shared by many constituents. This can be translated into a language of statistical physics by the Darwin–Fowler method. We briefly go through the historical development from the nuclear Fermi-gas model to the self-consistent mean field including the pairing effects. At the next step we introduce the ideas of thermalization in a closed mesoscopic system and quantum chaos with very complicated eigenfunctions. This is supported by the experience of the shell model in a limited orbital space that either provides an exact solution or uses the Monte Carlo approach. The statistical method of moments allows one to avoid the exact diagonalization keeping intact the quality of the results. We discuss the popular “constant temperature model” that describes well available data and the shell-model results; it is shown that its success cannot be explained by the phase transition from superfluid to a normal phase. The interpretation is suggested, supported by the numerical studies, in terms of dynamical chaotization including the collective enhancement of the level density. The role of incoherent collision-like interactions is stressed as a necessary element of the thermalization process.
Kenacort-injecties bij capsulitis adhaesiva

De NHG-Standaard Schouderklachten en het boek Handboek verrichtingen in de huisartsenpraktijk adviseren intra-articulaire schouderinjecties met 40 mg triamcinolon bij patienten met capsulitis adhaesiva. Er is echter geen consensus over de dosering en in de praktijk wordt regelmatig een lagere dosering toegediend bij risicogroepen. We vroegen ons af of 20 mg triamcinolon intra-articulair net zo effectief is als 40 mg om de pijn te verminderen en de schoudermobiliteit te verbeteren. Deze CAT geeft een bevestigend antwoord.
Gestures and the Classical Past in Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus

ABSTRACTErwin Panofksy famously characterized the Renaissance as a period uniquely preoccupied with its own historical moment and its separation from the classical past it sought to emulate. In the...
Is cancer pain associated with employment and cost concerns for individuals with cancer

94Background: Pain is frequently reported by individuals with cancer. While the adverse effects of pain on quality of life are well-established, it is unknown if pain is associated with patients’ c...
Looming Vulnerability and Smoking Cessation Attempts

Introduction The looming vulnerability model holds that people become anxious when they perceive threats as growing larger and accelerating toward them in space and time. Preliminary research suggested that a guided imagery induction designed to activate a sense that health consequences of smoking are a looming threat led more smokers to attempt to quit. This study tested the effect on quit attempts in a larger sample and examined age, sex, and sensation seeking as moderators. Aims and methods Adult smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) screened for risk of anxiety or mood disorders (N = 278, 52% male; 77% African American) were randomly assigned to receive (1) looming vulnerability or (2) neutral guided imagery exercises. At a 4-week follow-up, they reported quit attempts, smoking rate, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and contemplation status. Results Those in the looming condition (17%) were no more likely than those in the control condition (20%) to make a quit attempt. There were no significant group differences in expectancies, contemplation, or follow-up smoking rate, and no significant moderators. Conclusions The looming induction was the same one used in earlier work in which it had stronger effects. Those who respond to it with increased urgency about quitting smoking might be offset by others who are more reactant and deny the message. Inconsistencies across studies may reflect differences in inclusion criteria, such that the present sample was on average heavier smokers with longer smoking history and more severe nicotine dependence, yet higher self-efficacy. Implications An induction designed to activate a sense that the health consequences of smoking constitute a looming vulnerability failed to increase quit attempts or reduce smoking rate among adult daily smokers. Inconsistencies across studies might reflect varying sample characteristics resulting from changes in screening criteria.
Radical coupling of β-ketoesters and amides promoted by Brønsted/Lewis acids

Recent advances in photocatalysis have enabled radical methods with complementary chemoselectivity to established two electron bond forming approaches. While this radical strategy has previously been limited to substrates with favorable redox potentials, Bronsted/Lewis acid activation has emerged as a means of facilitating otherwise difficult reductions. We report herein our investigations into the Lewis acid-promoted redox activation of β-ketocarbonyls in a model photocatalytic radical alkylation reaction. Rapid evaluation of substrates and reactions conditions was achieved by high throughput experimentation using 96-well plate photoreactors.
Primary Graft Dysfunction.

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of acute lung injury after transplantation characterized by hypoxemia and the development of alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph that occurs within 72 hours of reperfusion. PGD is among the most common early complications following lung transplantation and significantly contributes to increased short-term morbidity and mortality. In addition, severe PGD has been associated with higher 90-day and 1-year mortality rates compared with absent or less severe PGD and is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation released updated consensus guidelines in 2017, defining grade 3 PGD, the most severe form, by the presence of alveolar infiltrates and a ratio of PaO2:FiO2 less than 200. Multiple donor-related, recipient-related, and perioperative risk factors for PGD have been identified, many of which are potentially modifiable. Consistently identified risk factors include donor tobacco and alcohol use; increased recipient body mass index; recipient history of pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, or pulmonary fibrosis; single lung transplantation; and use of cardiopulmonary bypass, among others. Several cellular pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PGD, thus presenting several possible therapeutic targets for preventing and treating PGD. Notably, use of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has become more widespread and offers a potential platform to safely investigate novel PGD treatments while expanding the lung donor pool. Even in the presence of significantly prolonged ischemic times, EVLP has not been associated with an increased risk for PGD.
Promoting student flow and interest in a science learning game: a design-based research study of School Scene Investigators

We report on a design-based research study that was conducted over three iterations. It chronicles the design, development, and implementation of School Scene Investigators, a forensic science game series for middle school students that utilizes mobile augmented reality. Played on mobile devices while exploring the school environment, School Scene Investigators embeds scientific practices in a real-world context. Students work collaboratively playing unique, interdependent roles as they collect and analyze scientific data in order to solve a mystery. School Scene Investigators aims to (1) engage students through the experience of flow, a positive psychological state often experienced during well-designed games and (2) trigger science interest. In order to better understand how to design mobile game environments that engage students in flow and trigger their interest in science, we analyzed students’ self-reports of flow and interest after playing the game. Previous research demonstrated that each iteration of School Scene Investigators engaged students in a substantive flow-like experience. In this study, since engagement does not guarantee interest, we tested whether such engagement, measured as flow, was predictably related to triggered science interest. Data were pooled from all three iterations into a Bayesian multilevel model. Findings demonstrated that students with higher flow had a higher probability of triggered interest. Implications for the findings are discussed.
Vibrational and rotational spectral data for possible interstellar detection of AlH3OH2, SiH3OH, and SiH3NH2

This work provides the first full set of vibrational and rotational spectral data needed to aid in the detection of AlH$_3$OH$_2$, SiH$_3$OH, and SiH$_3$NH$_2$ in astrophysical or simulated laboratory environments through the use of quantum chemical computations at the CCSD(T)-F12b level of theory employing quartic force fields for the three molecules of interest. Previous work has shown that SiH$_3$OH and SiH$_3$NH$_2$ contain some of the strongest bonds of the most abundant elements in space. AlH$_3$OH$_2$ also contains highly abundant atoms and represents an intermediate along the reaction pathway from H$_2$O and AlH$_3$ to AlH$_2$OH. All three of these molecules are also polar with AlH$_3$OH$_2$ having the largest dipole of 4.58 D and the other two having dipole moments in the 1.10-1.30 D range, large enough to allow for the detection of these molecules in space through rotational spectroscopy. The molecules also have substantial infrared intensities with many of the frequencies being over 90 km mol$^{-1}$ and falling within the currently uncertain 12-17 $\mu$m region of the spectrum. The most intense frequency for AlH$_3$OH$_2$ is $\nu_9$ which has an intensity of 412 km mol$^{-1}$ at 777.0 cm$^{-1}$ (12.87 $\mu$m). SiH$-3$OH has an intensity of 183 km mol$^{-1}$ at 1007.8 cm$^{-1}$ (9.92 $\mu$m) for $\nu_5$, and SiH$_3$NH$_2$ has an intensity of 215 km mol$^{-1}$ at 1000.0 cm$^{-1}$ (10.00 $\mu$m) for $\nu_7$.
The 100 most-cited articles on vestibular schwannoma: historical perspectives, current limitations, and future research directions

There has been a steady increase of vestibular schwannoma (VS) research in the body of literature. To delineate the most impactful works on VS, a bibliometric analysis is warranted. The Thomson Reuters Web of Sciences database was queried to identify all articles on VS published to June 2020. The articles were sorted in descending order of the number of citations. Titles and abstracts of the top 100 most-cited articles were screened to identify the research area, publication year, author, and country of publication. Our query yielded 6477 research publications. The 100 most-cited articles were cited 15804 times. The most productive decade was the 1990s (40% of the top 100 articles). Twenty-five journals contributed to all included articles. Journal of Neurosurgery contributed most of the articles (20%). Most common contributing country was the USA (60%). "Operative treatment" was the most common research topic (68%), followed by other aspects such as medical management (13%), epidemiology (12%), diagnosis (5%), or translational medicine (2%). The current analysis highlights the importance of the multimodal approach in the study and treatment of VS. While emphasizing the relevance of including highly cited articles in the current education of VS, our results point out the deficiency in certain research areas with high impact in other fields of neuro-oncology, such as translational medicine and molecular epigenetics.
Distribution of leaf nitrogen concentration in relation to leaf light exposure in peach tree canopies

Relationships between nitrogen content and ambient light exposure of individual leaves were studied in mature field-grown peach trees. There was no correlation between leaf N content expressed as percent of dry weight and leaf light exposure. However, there was a strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.80) between leaf N content per unit of leaf area and leaf light exposure expressed as the amount of time during a clear day that a leaf was subjected to a photo synthetic photon flux density ⩾ 100μmole m−2 s−1. It is suggested that the distribution of leaf N with respect to light exposure in tree canopies is related to optimization of canopy photosynthesis at the whole plant level.
A new anomaly of the aorta: Left aortic arch with right descending aorta

Summary The more common anomalies of the aorta and orgin of the brachiocephalicvessels are reviewed. Two cases of the hitherto undescribed anomaly of left aortic arch with right descending aorta are presented and illustrated by characteristic x-ray findings. The anomaly in each case was diagnosed preoperatively during fluoroscopic and x-ray examination, and was proved at the time of operation.
The clinical spectrum of hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy. Report of 50 patients.

Fifty new cases of hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy have been observed since the author's previous report in 1964. At gastro-scopy, all patients had diffusely nodular "cobblestone" mucosa, 8 had gastric ulcers, and 4 had hemorrhagic erosions. Radiographically, 42 showed a prominent rugal pattern, 32 had evidence of duodenal ulcer disease, and 7 had gastric ulcers. The peak rates of acid secretion after Histalog were significantly higher in patients with HHG compared to patients with normal mucosa, with or without duodenal ulcer. This clinical and pathophysiologic entity is more common than generally appreciated, and it is felt to play a significant role in peptic ulcer disease.
Enhanced supersymmetric corrections to top-quark production at the Fermilab Tevatron.

We calculate the one-loop supersymmetric electroweaklike and QCD-like corrections to the top-quark pair-production cross section at the Fermilab Tevatron, including the important effects of nondegenerate top squarks and left-right top squark mixing. The largest electroweaklike effects yield a negative shift in the cross section and are enhanced right below the threshold for top-quark decay into a top squark and Higgsinolike neutralino, and can be as large as {minus}35{percent}. The largest QCD-like effects are positive and are enhanced for light top squark masses, and can be as large as 20{percent}. Such shifts greatly exceed the present theoretical uncertainty in the standard model prediction, and, therefore, may be experimentally observable. We also explore the one-loop shifts in scenarios containing light top squarks and Higgsinolike neutralinos that have been recently proposed to explain various apparent experimental anomalies. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}