cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The distribution of genera among quadratic spaces over global fields

For a Hasse domain R in a global field F, the distribution of genera of R-lattices with specified invariants among the nonisometric quadratic spaces over F which contain them is studied. It is shown that such genera are equally distributed for spaces of dimension 2, but that this is not generally the case for spaces of dimension exceeding 2. Theresult in the binary case yields an extension of a dimension exceeding 2. The result in the binary case yields an extension of a theorem of Gauss.
MORPHOLOGY AND MUSCULATURE OF THE FIFTH AND SIXTH LIMBS OF HALOCYPRIDA (OSTRACODA: MYODOCOPA)

Abstract Intrinsic musculature of the fifth and sixth limbs of selected halocyprid ostracodes is used to identify the basis and, also, bristles that could be interpreted to represent an exopod. It is concluded that, in general, species of the Halocyprida bear bristles that could be interpreted to represent an exopod. Taxa that bear an unsegmented exopod lobe on the sixth limb are restricted to the deep sea and anchialine caves, and this suggests their antiquity.
T cells targeting a neuronal paraneoplastic antigen mediate tumor rejection and trigger CNS autoimmunity with humoral activation.

Paraneoplastic neurologic diseases (PND) involving immune responses directed toward intracellular antigens are poorly understood. Here, we examine immunity to the PND antigen Nova2, which is expressed exclusively in central nervous system (CNS) neurons. We hypothesized that ectopic expression of neuronal antigen in the periphery could incite PND. In our C57BL/6 mouse model, CNS antigen expression limits antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expansion. Chimera experiments demonstrate that this tolerance is mediated by antigen expression in nonhematopoietic cells. CNS antigen expression does not limit tumor rejection by adoptively transferred transgenic T cells but does limit the generation of a memory population that can be expanded upon secondary challenge in vivo. Despite mediating cancer rejection, adoptively transferred transgenic T cells do not lead to paraneoplastic neuronal targeting. Preliminary experiments suggest an additional requirement for humoral activation to induce CNS autoimmunity. This work provides evidence that the requirements for cancer immunity and neuronal autoimmunity are uncoupled. Since humoral immunity was not required for tumor rejection, B-cell targeting therapy, such as rituximab, may be a rational treatment option for PND that does not hamper tumor immunity.
The use of anesthestics during the Civil War, 1861-1865.

The Civil War began 1 5 years after den­ tist W illiam Thomas Green Morton (fig. 1 ) used diethyl ether as an anesthetic for a surgical procedure at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) on 1 6 October 1 846. The first reported clinical use of chlo­ roform, by James Young Simpson (fig. 2), took place in 1 847. However, the routine use of anesthetics in surgery had not yet permeated the medical culture in the United States, and a significant percent­ age of surgical procedures at the MGH were carried out without anesthetics during the period 1 849-1 877. It is a popular belief that anesthetics were not used to any signifi­ cant extent during the Civil War and that pain relief during surgical procedures was accomplished by imbibing alcoholic spir­ its or "biting the bullet." As we will note, the Civil War, with its hordes of wounded soldiers, accelerated the acceptance and the employment of anesthetic agents.
Caging grasps for micromanipulation & microassembly

In this paper, we demonstrate a systematic way to determine configurations for up to four coordinated micro-manipulators to form caging grasps for transporting micro-scale planar, polygonal parts. We exploit the geometry of the part, noting the presence and location of convex corners and non-convex corners, and form opposing force equivalents with the micromanipulator probe tips around the micro-scale parts that define a caging polygon. We perform an error bound analysis for caging grasps derived in this manner and provide theoretical values of this bound for four micro-parts of interest. We demonstrate experimental results of the caging micromanipulation transport primitive using these feature-defined grasps and compare them with the expected error bounds. Finally, we combine this caging transport primitive along with rotational and one-sided-pushing motion primitives, to carry out a representative microassembly task.
Improvement of survival in VA patients with gall bladder cancer given chemotherapy

4132 Background: Gallbladder carcinoma, though rare, has very poor prognosis. Most of patients with gall bladder carcinoma present with either unresectable disease or metastasis. Median survival in...
Minimal dictionaries for spanning periodic signals

Recently, several high dimensional dictionary representations were proposed for discrete time periodic signals. These dictionaries could span any periodic signal whose period lies in a given range 1 ≤ P ≤ Pmax. Such dictionaries were used in various ways to estimate unknown periods. In this work, we derive some fundamental properties that any such dictionary must satisfy. For example, we derive bounds on the minimum size of such dictionaries, necessary conditions on their composition, and so on. Our results also demonstrate a natural connection between the well-known Euler Totient function (φ-function) from number theory, and periodicity analysis.1
Ganglioside conjugate vaccines. Immunotherapy against tumors of neuroectodermal origin.

Gangliosides are known to be suitable targets for immune attack against cancer but they are poorly immunogenic. Active immunization with ganglioside/BCG or liposome vaccines results in moderate titer IgM antibody responses of short duration. Covalent attachment of poorly immunogenic antigens to immunogenic proteins is a potent method for inducing an IgG antibody response. GD3, a dominant ganglioside on malignant melanoma, was modified by ozone cleavage of the double bond in the ceramide backbone, an aldehyde group introduced and used for coupling via reductive amination to e-aminolysyl groups of proteins. Utilizing this method, GD3 conjugates were constructed with: 1. Synthetic multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) constructs expressing 4 repeats of a malaria T-cell epitope; 2. Outer membrane proteins (OMP) ofNeisseria meningitidis; 3. Cationized bovine serum albumin; 4. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH); and 5. Polylysine.
Oncolytic polio/rhinovirus recombinant (PVSRIPO) against recurrent glioblastoma (GBM): Optimal dose determination.

2068 Background: The live attenuated oral (SABIN) serotype 1 poliovirus vaccine was modified to contain a heterologous internal ribosomal entry site stemming from human rhinovirus type 2, creating ...
Association of Comorbidity, Age, and Radical Surgical Therapy for Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer, and Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objective To assess trends and factors driving aggressive surgery for patients >75 years diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa), bladder cancer (BCa), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods We identified all patients >75 years diagnosed with PCa, BCa, and RCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare registry during 1992-2009. We analyzed the comorbidity and trends in radical cystectomy (RC), nephrectomy, and radical prostatectomy (RP) for these cohorts. Predictive factors for receiving aggressive surgery were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results We identified cohorts of 85,073 PCa, 44,801 BCa, and 10,737 RCC patients. Among the BCa patients, 5.75% underwent RC and 78.2% had a Charlson comorbidity score (CCS) of ≤1. The trend of RC did not change significantly. There was a significant change in receipt of RP ( P = .01). There were 85.8% of PCa patients who had a CCS ≤1 and 2.67% underwent RP. Approximately 65.2% of RCC patients had nephrectomy whereas 76.2% had CCS of ≤1. There was a decline in receipt of nephrectomies ( P Conclusion In addition to stage and grade, age remains an important factor influencing the decision to undergo curative surgical therapy for PCa, BCa, and RCC patients >75 years. Comorbidity is also predictive, but to a lesser extent.
‘Transparent things, through which the Past Shines’: Investigating Holograms in the Collection of the National Gallery of Australia†

The National Gallery of Australia (NGA) holds a varied and, from a conservation point of view, challenging, collection of new media, including holograms by artists such as Robyn Beeche, Shu-Min Lin, Paula Dawson, and Margaret Benyon. Few artists see the making of a hologram as an integral part of their practice. Paula Dawson and Margaret Benyon are exceptions. Both are pioneers in the area having made and used holograms for many years. While their subject matter and intent are quite different, both artists are attracted by the technical complexities of the media and both use holograms to blur the boundaries between reality and illusion. When works by these artists were requested for loan, it prompted an opportunity for investigation into the history and development of holograms and examination of particular and potential materials and techniques. This paper provides an overview of this information and presents some considerations for conservators working with holograms.
Creative self-efficacy and teacher ratings of student creativity in Chinese elementary classrooms ☆

Abstract The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-cultural, conceptual replication of the study reported in Beghetto, Kaufman, and Baxter (2011), which examined the relationship between elementary students’ creative self-efficacy (CSE) beliefs, their demographic characteristics, and teacher ratings of students’ creative expression during science instruction. In this study, third through sixth grade science teachers (N = 60) and their students (N = 3,623) from public elementary schools in central China were surveyed about their CSE perceptions and student creative expression. This study expanded on the original study by collecting additional teacher level data so we could examine the relationship between teachers’ beliefs that they encourage student CSE and their class’ mean CSE during science instruction. Overall, we report similar results as those found in the original study. The expansion component of our study indicated there was not a significant correlation between teachers’ self-reports of encouraging CSE scores and the mean of their class’ CSE scores. This data also indicated a significant difference between teachers’ perceptions that they encourage student CSE and the mean of their class’ CSE.
Investigation of three-dimensional vibration measurement by a single scanning laser Doppler vibrometer

Abstract A scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) has been widely used in non-contact vibration measurement. This paper presents a novel investigation of three-dimensional (3D) vibration measurement by a single SLDV sequentially placed at three different positions, where 3D vibration is defined as three vibration components along axes of a specified measurement coordinate system (MCS), which can give more precise knowledge of structural dynamic characteristics. A geometric model of the SLDV is proposed and a vibrometer coordinate system (VCS) based on the geometric model is defined and fixed on the SLDV. The pose of a SLDV with respect to a MCS is expressed in the form of a translation vector and a direction cosine matrix from the VCS to the MCS, which can be calculated by four or more target points with known coordinates in both the MCS and the VCS. An improved method based on the least squares method and singular value decomposition is proposed to obtain the pose of the SLDV. Compared with an inverse method, the proposed method can yield an orthogonal direction cosine matrix and be applicable to a two-dimensional structure. Effects of the number of target points on the accuracy and stability of the proposed method are investigated. With three direction cosine matrices of three different positions obtained by the proposed method, measured vibration velocities along laser line-of-sight directions can be transformed to vibration components along axes of the MCS. An experiment was conducted to measure 3D vibration of a target point on a beam under sinusoidal excitation by a single SLDV sequentially placed at three different positions. Vibration components along axes of the MCS obtained by the single SLDV were in good agreement with those from a commercial Polytec 3D scanning laser vibrometer PSV-500-3D.
High-birefringence nonlinearly-chirped fiber Bragg grating for tunable compensation of polarization mode dispersion

We demonstrate a tunable polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensator using a high-birefringence nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (HN-FBG). Our device is capable of generating a 100 ps to 320 ps time delay between the polarization axes and tunable over 2.3 nm. For a 10-Gbit/s signal, we show that 170-ps tunability is realized by stretching the HN-FBG.
Patterns of vowel laxing and harmony in Iberian Spanish: Data from production and perception

Abstract We investigate the production and perception outcomes of sound changes involving phonological vowel harmony, and how phonetic processes (i.e., /s/ lenition and vowel laxing) bear on these outcomes. Our data come from two varieties of Iberian Spanish: Eastern Andalusian Spanish (EAS), a variety that undergoes lenition of word-final /s/, and North-Central Peninsular Spanish (NCPS), a variety that typically retains /s/. In Experiment 1 we show that EAS (but not NCPS) speakers lax the low and mid vowels /a e o/ (i.e., approximating [ae ɛ ɔ], respectively) of /as es os/-final words. In Experiment 2 we show that EAS (but not NCPS) speakers harmonize the mid vowels /e o/ when followed by laxed /a e o/. We analyze this right-to-left spreading as a phonologically-induced change, and argue that it cannot be interpreted as anticipatory coarticulation with word-final lax vowels. During Experiment 3, EAS and NCPS listeners judged the grammatical status of stimuli from the minimal pair [nene] – [nene] (‘boy’ – ‘boys’) in a forced-choice word identification task. While all listeners tended to associate [nene]-type stimuli as singular words, EAS listeners alone reliably associated [nene]-type stimuli as plural words. This suggests that EAS listeners have greater perceptual sensitivity to the /e/-/e/ contrast than NCPS listeners. Altogether, our multifaceted approach offers insight on sound change from varied temporal perspectives: we explain what historical factors may have led to laxing and phonological harmony, and what synchronic motivations these processes may have.
Catholic Nuns in the Civil War

In an era where women were denied any real careers in life except marriage and motherhood, "A prime attraction of convents was a way of life which gave women, who would otherwise have had no such possibilities, access to effect change, a prominent and active role-in short, a vocation in the world. Sisterhood was seen as a great undertaking in the service of an active and enthusiastic faith." 1 These Catholic sisterhoods gave American girls an "alternative to marriage and motherhood, an opportunity for lifelong meaningful work, and a way to live out their spiritual ideals with an all female community that shared similar goals and values." 2 Through their travels, their administrative skills, their nursing skills, and their adaptability to any situation, they might have been "sheltered from the world," but these women were definitely in the public sphere. 3
3D Characterization of corneal deformation using ultrasound speckle tracking.

The three-dimensional (3D) mechanical response of the cornea to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation has not been previously reported. In this study, we use an ultrasound speckle tracking technique...
Thermal Energy Transport across Hard–Soft Interfaces

Interfacial thermal transport across hard–soft interfaces is of critical importance to a wide variety of energy applications, ranging from composite materials, batteries, thermoelectrics, and photonic crystals to solar–thermal phase transition. In this Perspective, we discuss major experimental and simulation tools used to study such interfacial thermal transport and summarize some new understanding attained. Most studies focus on the interfacial bonding effect, and the underlying relation between bond strength and thermal transport was recently understood from the molecular level: stronger bonds attract soft molecules closer to the hard surface, which leads to more efficient energy communication across the interface. Recent studies have also demonstrated that vibrational spectral coupling is another important factor that influences thermal transport across hard–soft interfaces, a factor that has long been underappreciated for such interfaces. Despite the progress in this field, more research is needed to...
Stimulating Parenting Practices in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Mexican Communities

Parenting may be influenced by ethnicity; marginalization; education; and poverty. A critical but unexamined question is how these factors may interact to compromise or support parenting practices in ethnic minority communities. This analysis examined associations between mothers’ stimulating parenting practices and a range of child-level (age; sex; and cognitive and socio-emotional development); household-level (indigenous ethnicity; poverty; and parental education); and community-level (economic marginalization and majority indigenous population) variables among 1893 children ages 4–18 months in poor; rural communities in Mexico. We also explored modifiers of associations between living in an indigenous community and parenting. Key findings were that stimulating parenting was negatively associated with living in an indigenous community or family self-identification as indigenous (β = −4.25; SE (Standard Error) = 0.98; β = −1.58; SE = 0.83 respectively). However; living in an indigenous community was associated with significantly more stimulating parenting among indigenous families than living in a non-indigenous community (β = 2.96; SE = 1.25). Maternal education was positively associated with stimulating parenting only in indigenous communities; and household crowding was negatively associated with stimulating parenting only in non-indigenous communities. Mothers’ parenting practices were not associated with child sex; father’s residential status; education; or community marginalization. Our findings demonstrate that despite greater community marginalization; living in an indigenous community is protective for stimulating parenting practices of indigenous mothers.
Analytical Cost Metrics : Days of Future Past

As we move towards the exascale era, the new architectures must be capable of running the massive computational problems efficiently. Scientists and researchers are continuously investing in tuning the performance of extreme-scale computational problems. These problems arise in almost all areas of computing, ranging from big data analytics, artificial intelligence, search, machine learning, virtual/augmented reality, computer vision, image/signal processing to computational science and bioinformatics. With Moore's law driving the evolution of hardware platforms towards exascale, the dominant performance metric (time efficiency) has now expanded to also incorporate power/energy efficiency. Therefore, the major challenge that we face in computing systems research is: "how to solve massive-scale computational problems in the most time/power/energy efficient manner?" The architectures are constantly evolving making the current performance optimizing strategies less applicable and new strategies to be invented. The solution is for the new architectures, new programming models, and applications to go forward together. Doing this is, however, extremely hard. There are too many design choices in too many dimensions. We propose the following strategy to solve the problem: (i) Models - Develop accurate analytical models (e.g. execution time, energy, silicon area) to predict the cost of executing a given program, and (ii) Complete System Design - Simultaneously optimize all the cost models for the programs (computational problems) to obtain the most time/area/power/energy efficient solution. Such an optimization problem evokes the notion of codesign.
PTPN12/PTP-PEST Regulates Phosphorylation-Dependent Ubiquitination and Stability of Focal Adhesion Substrates in Invasive Glioblastoma Cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an invasive brain cancer with tumor cells that disperse from the primary mass, escaping surgical resection and invariably giving rise to lethal recurrent lesions. Here we report that PTP-PEST, a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase, controls GBM cell invasion by physically bridging the focal adhesion protein Crk-associated substrate (Cas) to valosin-containing protein (Vcp), an ATP-dependent protein segregase that selectively extracts ubiquitinated proteins from multiprotein complexes and targets them for degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Both Cas and Vcp are substrates for PTP-PEST, with the phosphorylation status of tyrosine 805 (Y805) in Vcp impacting affinity for Cas in focal adhesions and controlling ubiquitination levels and protein stability. Perturbing PTP-PEST-mediated phosphorylation of Cas and Vcp led to alterations in GBM cell-invasive growth in vitro and in preclinical mouse models. Collectively, these data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving PTP-PEST, Vcp, and Cas that dynamically balances phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of key focal proteins involved in GBM cell invasion.Significance: PTP-PEST balances GBM cell growth and invasion by interacting with the ATP-dependent ubiquitin segregase Vcp/p97 and regulating phosphorylation and stability of the focal adhesion protein p130Cas.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/14/3809/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(14); 3809-22. ©2018 AACR.
Preference of the Redbanded Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) for Selected Spring Host Plants

The redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), has emerged as a major stink bug pest of soybean in Louisiana during the last decade. In the spring, this species is usually found in leguminous hosts where populations can build up before migrating to soybean fields in the summer. However, studies looking at the preference of this species to the potential spring leguminous hosts under the natural conditions are lacking. Field studies were conducted in different geographical locations of Louisiana from 2013 to 2015 to evaluate preference of P. guildinii to six different leguminous cover crops: crimson clover, (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cardinal red clover, (Trifolium pratense L.), Austrian winter pea, (Pisum sativum L.), berseem clover, (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), hairy vetch, (Vicia villosa Roth), and white clover, (Trifolium repens L.). Our study showed that the odds of finding both adult and nymph P. guildinii was significantly higher in crimson clover followed by white clover, while the odds of finding both adult and nymph P. guildinii was significantly lower in other hosts. Therefore, crimson and white clovers are the preferred hosts as well as the important reproductive host plants of P. guildinii in the spring season.
Effect of Strain on Epoxy-Impregnated Superconducting Composites

Flux-jump stabilized superconducting magnets are usually impregnated with epoxy to prevent wire movement and enhance stability. Hoop stress experienced by the windings when the magnet is energized would otherwise cause wire movement, leading to localized heating and, quite probably, thermal runaway.
Meaning-making and quality of life in heart failure interventions: a systematic review

Heart failure (HF) patients often report high levels of psychological distress and diminished quality of life (QoL). As such, interventions aimed at improving their QoL and other positive psychosocial outcomes are needed. Some interventions have shown promise, but results are mixed. Interventions directed toward physical well-being (e.g., self-care behaviors, medical adherence) may be less effective at improving QoL than those aimed at improving psychological well-being (e.g., stress reduction, coping strategies). We systematically reviewed recent HF interventions and compared results of those emphasizing coping strategies related to meaning-making to those lacking meaning-making components as a possible factor in QoL discrepancies. A systematic review of four databases produced 439 studies for potential inclusion, of which 25 qualified for review. These were coded into substantial or minimal meaning focus. Forty percent of all studies (n = 10) reported improved QoL due to intervention effects, while 60% reported no significant change in QoL (60%; n = 15). Fewer than one-third of minimal meaning focus studies demonstrated significant improvements in QoL (30.8%; n = 4). In contrast, half of substantial meaning focus studies demonstrated significant improvements in QoL (50%; n = 6). By clarifying the potential importance of promoting meaning-making in improving QoL of HF patients, we highlight its potential value in future interventions directed to this underserved, high-risk patient population.
Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines as Validated General Control Nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) Protein Kinase Inhibitors Reduce Growth of Leukemia Cells.

Cellular stress signals activate adaptive signaling pathways of the mammalian integrated stress response (ISR), of which the unfolded protein response (UPR) is a subset. These pathways converge at the phosporylation of eIF2α. Drug-like, potent and selective chemical inhibitors (valid chemical probes) targeting major ISR kinases have been previously identified, with the exception of GCN2. We synthesized and evaluated a series of GCN2 inhibitors based on a triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Several compounds potently inhibited GCN2 in vitro and displayed good selectivity over the related kinases PERK, HRI, and IRE1. The compounds inhibited phosporylation of eIF2α in HEK293T cells with an IC50 < 150 nM, validating them as chemical probes for cellular studies. These probes were screened against the National Cancer Institute NCI-60 human cancer cell line panel. Uniform growth inhibition was observed in the leukemia group of cell lines. Growth inhibition in the most sensitive cell lines coincided with high GCN2 mRNA expression levels. Oncomine analysis revealed high GCN2 expression accompanied by lower asparagine synthetase (ASNS) expression in patient-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemias with B-Cell origins (B-ALL) as well. Notably, asparaginase, which depletes amino acids and triggers GCN2 activity, is a licensed, first-line B-ALL treatment. Thus, we hypothesize that leukemias exhibiting high GCN2 expression and low ASNS expression may be susceptible to pharmacologic GCN2 inhibition.
Big data analysis of local business and reviews

In this paper, we have analyzed the local business data and reviews to get insights on the popularity of a business and factors responsible for it. We have also analyzed the sentiments of the customer reviews for better understanding of business popularity. The total size of the dataset is 180 MB and we have adopted cloud computing service like Big Data Hadoop using HiveQL and Pig for query. Our preferred choice of framework for this project was Big Data Hadoop primarily because it is an open source software and its scalability and flexibility best suited our requirements. This project has helped us in understanding various aspects of the Local Businesses; factors driving their popularity, customer review patterns and regions that favor certain businesses the most, are a few of the many aspects to name. Analyzing the customer sentiments based on their reviews has helped us in realizing the importance of customer satisfaction, also it is possible to derive action plans to improve business performance to keep up with the competition.
Self-Assembly of Oligo- and Polypeptide-Based Amphiphiles: Recent Advances and Future Possibilities

Serving as a decades old answer to synthetic proteins, polypeptides possess beneficial chemical and mechanical characteristics as well as secondary structure that can lead to the formation of complex nanostructures. Utilizing these characteristics, scientists have strived toward developing “smart” materials to aid in drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. In this Perspective, we discuss some aspects of the current state of oligopeptide and polypeptide research and highlight important fields relating to the self-assembly of traditional polypeptides, peptide amphiphiles, hydrogels, protein–polypeptide conjugates, and multiarm or branched systems. This Perspective serves to highlight the recent (2015–present) advances in block oligo/polypeptides, specifically self-assembly of NCA-derived polypeptides, peptide amphiphiles, hydrogels, protein conjugation, and dendrimer/star polymers. Our primary focus is to outline the importance of oligo/polypeptide structure and nanoarchitecture and how these ...
Family Eating And Activity Habits Associated With Overweight Risk Among Low-Income Preschool Children

Overweight is the most prevalent nutrition related problem for children of all ages in the U.S. Despite this there is a paucity of research linking specific lifestyle behaviors with risk for overweight in young children. The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess family eating and activity lifestyle behaviors associated with overweight in low-income preschool age children. Mothers (n=132) of children (n=141) aged 2-5 participating in the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Nutrition Program in Butte County, CA, were selected via a sample of convenience. A Family Activity and Eating Habits questionnaire was administered during regularly scheduled WIC appointments. Higher maternal questionnaire scores indicated more positive weight related behaviors. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in child’s BMI for maternal questionnaire scores, however, no significant differences were found. Correlation analysis identified a positive relationship between mother’s BMI and child’s BMI-for-age percentile such that as mother’s BMI increased, child’s BMI-for-age percentile increased (r=.191; p=.033). Four weight related behaviors were associated with children’s weight, including a significant association between fast food consumption and child’s BMI-for-age percentile (r=.202; p=.016). Mean BMI-for-age percentiles were significantly higher for Hispanic compared to white children (p=.001). 42% of the Hispanic children were above the 85th BMI-for-age percentile compared to 26% for the white preschool age children. Despite this higher rate, Hispanic children were significantly less likely to eat while watching TV (p=.003). Study results suggest that the mothers of these preschool age children were knowledgeable about positive lifestyle behaviors, but additional measures are needed to promote a healthy BMI-for-age for young, low-income children.
Sinorhizobium meliloti YbeY is a zinc-dependent single-strand specific endoribonuclease that plays an important role in 16S ribosomal RNA processing

Single-strand specific endoribonuclease YbeY has been shown to play an important role in the processing of the 3' end of the 16S rRNA in Escherichia coli. Lack of YbeY results in the accumulation of the 17S rRNA precursor. In contrast to a previous report, we show that Sinorhizobium meliloti YbeY exhibits endoribonuclease activity on single-stranded RNA substrate but not on the double-stranded substrate. This study also identifies the previously unknown metal ion involved in YbeY function to be Zn2+ and shows that the activity of YbeY is enhanced when the occupancy of zinc is increased. We have identified a pre-16S rRNA precursor that accumulates in the S. meliloti ΔybeY strain. We also show that ΔybeY mutant of Brucella abortus, a mammalian pathogen, also accumulates a similar pre-16S rRNA. The pre-16S species is longer in alpha-proteobacteria than in gamma-proteobacteria. We demonstrate that the YbeY from E. coli and S. meliloti can reciprocally complement the rRNA processing defect in a ΔybeY mutant of the other organism. These results establish YbeY as a zinc-dependent single-strand specific endoribonuclease that functions in 16S rRNA processing in both alpha- and gamma-proteobacteria.
More political representation, more economic development? Evidence from Turkey

I investigate the effect of political representation on local economic development, as measured by nighttime light intensity (NTLI), in Turkey between 1996 and 2013 (i.e., between legislative term 20 and 24). Parliamentary seats are apportioned by a rule that generates randomness in the extent of provincial representation in the Turkish Parliament. By exploiting that exogenous variation, I estimate the impact of one additional Member of Parliament (MP) representing a province on that province’s economic growth. Specifically, I show that an extra MP increases the NTLI of her province by 1% in a given year, which corresponds to an annual increase of 0.095% in real GDP. The increase likely is driven by MPs who are members of the government party. By investigating the mechanisms, I find that additional provincial representation increases the number of discussions of that particular province in public parliamentary meetings, as well as the funds allocated to that province. Taken together, my results suggest that some of Turkey’s regional economic growth is associated with legislative representation.
Nanotechnology in diabetic wound healing

Abstract Nanotechnology research is a rapidly expanding to treat a variety of ailments that a patient may be experiencing. In the scope of diabetes, such research and development include glucose monitoring is one with the use of nanosensors, the management of wounds, and the promotion of wound healing. Nanosensors can simplify the glucose-monitoring process by providing much less noninvasive and increased feedback to the patient about glucose concentrations over traditional glucose monitors. As for the chronic wounds that are often concomitant with diabetes, notably via a pressure ulcer on the foot, nanotechnology seeks to correct this otherwise dysregulated wound-healing process. More specifically, nanotechnology aims to aid the wound-healing process through hemostasis, infection mitigation, control of inflammation, and promotion of cell regeneration and skin remodeling.
Digital Humanities and the Discontents of Meaning

The digital humanities offer more than just a set of tools. The application of software to assist in the analysis of large collections of data does not just expand the volume of material we can incorporate in our work, it also expands how we in the humanities understand the nature of meaning. The recent scholarly turn to the expanded modes of analysis made possible by DH is not just the “latest new thing” but gives the scholarly community a way to articulate and respond to long-standing doubts about the epistemological grounding in the practice of the humanities. Even more importantly, I believe that this broadening of inquiry afforded by DH is intrinsic to the humanistic project itself. In this essay, I seek in particular to connect the implicit conceptual substructure behind the architectural logic of the digital humanities to key strains of hermeneutic thought that have established a basis for exploring the question of how we are to understand the vast, variegated world of historical human experience that is the object of our humanistic inquiries across disciplines.
An analysis of the impact of President Trump’s tweets on the DJIA and S&P 500 using machine learning and sentiment analysis

Abstract We analyze the immediate impact of President Trump’s tweets on two US stock market indices using a 30-minute event window for each tweet and intra-day market data. The tweets and intra-day market data, are used to study market reactions using sentiment analysis, and machine learning (ML) classification and regression. The results show a significant negative reaction when President Trump tweeted during open market hours. We also found that tweets with a strong positive or strong negative sentiment had positive market reactions. ML regressors use the tweets and market data to predict the post-tweet market index averages and post-tweet market trends.
Diminished reward responsiveness is associated with lower reward network GluCEST: an ultra-high field glutamate imaging study.

Low reward responsiveness (RR) is associated with poor psychological well-being, psychiatric disorder risk, and psychotropic treatment resistance. Functional MRI studies have reported decreased activity within the brain’s reward network in individuals with RR deficits, however the neurochemistry underlying network hypofunction in those with low RR remains unclear. This study employed ultra-high field glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging to investigate the hypothesis that glutamatergic deficits within the reward network contribute to low RR. GluCEST images were acquired at 7.0 T from 45 participants (ages 15–29, 30 females) including 15 healthy individuals, 11 with depression, and 19 with psychosis spectrum symptoms. The GluCEST contrast, a measure sensitive to local glutamate concentration, was quantified in a meta-analytically defined reward network comprised of cortical, subcortical, and brainstem regions. Associations between brain GluCEST contrast and Behavioral Activation System Scale RR scores were assessed using multiple linear regressions. Analyses revealed that reward network GluCEST contrast was positively and selectively associated with RR, but not other clinical features. Follow-up investigations identified that this association was driven by the subcortical reward network and network areas that encode the salience of valenced stimuli. We observed no association between RR and the GluCEST contrast within non-reward cortex. This study thus provides new evidence that reward network glutamate levels contribute to individual differences in RR. Decreased reward network excitatory neurotransmission or metabolism may be mechanisms driving reward network hypofunction and RR deficits. These findings provide a framework for understanding the efficacy of glutamate-modulating psychotropics such as ketamine for treating anhedonia.
The Role of Intentionality in Priming

In their target article on the possible causal role of the term “social priming” in the reputational crisis surrounding social psychology, Sherman and Rivers should be commended for their work layi...
Basement Membrane Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Pulmonary Vascular and Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension.

The extracellular matrix (ECM), a highly organized network of structural and non-structural proteins, plays a pivotal role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Changes in the ECM are critical for normal tissue repair, while dysregulation contributes to aberrant tissue remodeling. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disorder of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV), increased production and deposition of structural and non-structural proteins, and altered expression of ECM growth factors and proteases. Furthermore, ECM remodeling plays a significant role in disease progression as several dynamic changes in its composition, quantity, and organization are documented in both humans and animal models of disease. These ECM changes impact upon vascular cell biology and affect proliferation of resident cells. Further, ECM components determine the tissue architecture of the pulmonary and myocardial vasculature as well as the myocardium itself, and provide mechanical stability crucial for tissue homeostasis. However, little is known about the basement membrane (BM), a specialized, self-assembled conglomerate of ECM proteins, during remodeling. In the vasculature, the BM is in close physical association with the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. While in the myocardium, each cardiomyocyte is enclosed by a BM that serves as the interface between cardiomyocytes and the surrounding interstitial matrix. In this review, we provide a brief overview on the current state of knowledge of the BM and its ECM composition and their impact on pulmonary vascular remodeling and RV dysfunction and failure in PAH.
An Information Theoretic approach to identify Dominant Voltage Influencers for Unbalanced Distribution Systems.

Smart distribution grid with multiple renewable energy sources can experience random voltage fluctuations due to variable generation, which may result in voltage violations. Traditional voltage control algorithms are inadequate to handle fast voltage variations. Therefore, new dynamic control methods are being developed that can significantly benefit from the knowledge of dominant voltage influencer (DVI) nodes. DVI nodes for a particular node of interest refer to nodes that have a relatively high impact on the voltage fluctuations at that node. Conventional power flow-based algorithms to identify DVI nodes are computationally complex, which limits their use in real-time applications. This paper proposes a novel information theoretic voltage influencing score (VIS) that quantifies the voltage influencing capacity of nodes with DERs/active loads in a three phase unbalanced distribution system. VIS is then employed to rank the nodes and identify the DVI set. VIS is derived analytically in a computationally efficient manner and its efficacy to identify DVI nodes is validated using the IEEE 37-node test system. It is shown through experiments that KL divergence and Bhattacharyya distance are effective indicators of DVI nodes with an identifying accuracy of more than 90%. The computation burden is also reduced by an order of 5, thus providing the foundation for efficient voltage control.
The Effects of Non-Gaussian Range Statistics on Energy Deposition Profiles

The technique for calculating low order moments of the projected range distribution previously described by these authors [1] has been extended to allow calculation of intermediate range statistics. The results obtained show that at intermediate energies the skewing can be much larger than observed in the final range distribution. The effect of this skewing on energy deposited in atomic processes is computed by the two step method of Brice [2], from which it is found that computations including the skewing provide a substantially better fit for experimental data.
Electrical stimulation vs. pulsed and continuous-wave optical stimulation of the rat prostate cavernous nerves, in vivo

Identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves (CNs) during prostate cancer surgery is critical for post-operative sexual function. Electrical nerve stimulation (ENS) mapping has previously been tested as an intraoperative tool for CN identification, but was found to be unreliable. ENS is limited by the need for electrode-tissue contact, poor spatial precision from electrical current spreading, and stimulation artifacts interfering with detection. Alternatively, optical nerve stimulation (ONS) provides noncontact stimulation, improved spatial selectivity, and elimination of stimulation artifacts. This study compares ENS to pulsed/CW ONS to explore the ONS mechanism. A total of eighty stimulations were performed in 5 rats, in vivo . ENS (4 V, 5 ms, 10 Hz) was compared to ONS using a pulsed diode laser nerve stimulator (1873 nm, 5 ms, 10 Hz) or CW diode laser nerve stimulator (1455 nm). Intracavernous pressure (ICP) response and nerve compound action potentials (nCAPs) were measured. All three stimulation modes (ENS, ONS-CW, ONS-P) produced comparable ICP magnitudes. However, ENS demonstrated more rapid ICP response times and well defined nCAPs compared to unmeasurable nCAPs for ONS. Further experiments measuring single action potentials during ENS and ONS are warranted to further understand differences in the ENS and ONS mechanisms.
Intersectoral dynamics and economic growth in Ecuador

The authors analyze sectoral growth in Ecuador, using multivariate co-integration analysis. They find significant long-run relationships between the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. Moreover, they are able to derive dynamic sector models that combine the short-run links between the three sectors with long-run dynamics. When disaggregate the three sectors into their intra-sectoral components, they discover many interesting relationships that contribute to a better understanding of inter- and intra-sectoral dynamics in the context of Ecuadorian economic growth. Their findings suggest that more attention should be paid to inter-dependencies in sectoral growth, since an improved understanding of inter-sectoral dynamics may facilitate the implementation of policy aimed at increasing economic growth in Ecuador. There appears to be no direct link between the oil sector, and the non-oil industrial sectors. But strong evidence supports co-integration between the oil industry, and financial services, as well as between the oil industry, and public services. This means, among other things, that the oil industry is likely to affect other sectors through the financial sector, the public sector, or both.
The Use of Narrative Therapy and Internal Family Systems with Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Examining Issues Related to Loss and Oppression

Abstract Historically, accounts of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) have been culturally and professionally dismissed. The emerging trend in society is one that facilitates healthier grieving and the ability to story the losses brought on by trauma. By examining the way in which CSA has been addressed in the past and reviewing the literature on grief and the dynamics of oppression, this paper seeks to address the need to better understand how to engage our clients in the therapeutic experiences of healing and the liberation of their subjugated stories. Informed by Narrative and Internal Family Systems theories, the authors propose unique interventions that better inform clinicians how to assist clients in making a meaning out of their losses related to CSA.
Comparison of Four Mendelian Loci of the California Sea Hare (Aplysia californica) from Populations of the Coast of California and the Sea of Cortez.

Aplysia californica is a species widely used in neurobiology, and specimens are collected from a wide range of places along its distribution range. A. californica is endemic to the coast of California and the Gulf of California. On the west coast, this is an unusual distribution range relative to other benthic species from that region. Four polymorphic nuclear Mendelian markers were identified (three single-copy nuclear DNA loci and one microsatellite) for an initial survey of genetic variation of wild populations. F ST values not significantly different from 0 (overall F ST= 0.0148) suggest there was no geographic genetic population subdivision in 177 individuals examined.
Principles of Electromagnetic Waves and Materials

Principles of Electromagnetic Waves and Materials is a condensed version of the authors previously published textbook, Electromagnetic Waves, Materials, and Computation with MATLAB. This book focuses on lower-level courses, primarily senior undergraduate and graduate students in electromagnetic waves and materials courses. It takes an integrative approach to the subject of electromagnetics by supplementing quintessential "old-school" information and methods with the appropriate amount of material on plasmas for exposing the students to the broad area of Plasmonics and by striking a balance between theoretical and practical aspects. Ancillary materials are available upon qualifying course adoption.