cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three degrees of separation: complete uterine and cervical septa.

Objective To review the diagnosis and management of 3 variations of incomplete mullerian duct fusion and reabsorption. Design Narrated video delineating the surgical management of 3 mullerian anomalies; this video was deemed exempt from review by the institutional review board of the Mayo Clinic. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center. Patient(s) This video focuses on 3 mullerian anomalies: complete septate uterus with a single septate cervix (septate uterus unicollis); complete septate uterus with duplicated cervix (septate uterus bicollis); and complete duplication of the uterus and cervix (uterine didelphys). Intervention(s) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cervical septoplasty, operative hysteroscopy, and uterine septoplasty. Main Outcome Measure(s) Several variations of uterine malformations exist. In our practice, we differentiate complete septate uteri as either unicollis or bicollis via MRI and vaginal examination. The bicollis presentation can be identified on MRI by the “lambda sign,” which is seen as the 2 cervices that diverge as they enter the vagina. This is in comparison with the unicollis presentation when the single septate cervix can be traced with parallel lines as it enters the vagina. The circle method is described in this video to help distinguish between a single and duplicated cervix on examination. Result(s) The cervical and uterine septa were resected completely in the patient with a complete septate uterus unicollis. In contrast, the uterine septum was resected completely and the 2 cervical canals were not incised in the case of the complete septate uterus bicollis. Although uterine and cervical septa resection is controversial, our practice is to avoid the incision of the 2 cervical canals in cases that are more clearly consistent with a bicollis classification. Conclusion(s) Mullerian anomalies represent a continuum of disorders caused by different degrees of disruption in embryogenesis. MRI with vaginal gel and vaginal examination are tools to help classify the anomaly and guide surgical management.
Need frustration in online video games

Self-determination theory posits that satisfaction of basic psychological needs is essential for well-being. Empirical evidence for the distinction between need frustration and need satisfaction ha...
Abstract 2970: Lower PTIP expression in appendiceal cancer is linked to oxaliplatin based HIPEC therapy resistance in patient derived tumor organoids

Introduction: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a late stage complication of many GI cancers, leading to decreased life expectancy and poor quality of life. The most prevalent treatment type for these patients includes utilizing cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy application (CRS/HIPEC), resulting in a significant improvement in five-year survival. Hyperthermia has been shown to potentiate chemotherapy toxicity through impacting DNA repair. Despite these advancements, there remain challenges in determining which patients will benefit from the procedure, as there are significant costs and morbidities involved in this procedure and patient selection is paramount to success. Objective: Our objective is to determine markers of DNA double stranded break (DSB) repair that may assist in the identification of patients most likely to benefit from this procedure. Methods: Tumor specimens were obtained from patients undergoing CRS according to IRB protocols. Specimens were dissociated and incorporated into an ECM-based hydrogel system and biofabricated into 3D tumor organoids. Organoids were treated with HIPEC regimens with variations in treatment, dose, temperature and time to determine optimal conditions. The averages of patient responses were aggregated and used for statistical analysis. Treated organoids were processed histologically to determine expression of DSB repair markers. Results: From June 2019- November 2020, 41 (26 appendiceal and 15 colorectal) patient tumors were acquired, with 32 (21 appendiceal and 10 colorectal) successfully yielding tumor organoids. The application of heat was a significant factor in determining two-hour, lower dose oxaliplatin effectiveness for both tumor types (p=0.01 and p=0.036, respectively). Drug testing reveled no statistical difference between heated mitomycin C (MMC) and oxaliplatin regimens of two-hour duration for appendiceal (26% vs 31%, p=0.35) and colorectal patients (38% vs 29%, p=0.47), Lower dose, longer duration oxaliplatin treatments were more effective than high dose, shorter duration treatments for both appendiceal (31% vs 57%, p Conclusions: Patient derived organoids can be utilized to determine optimal HIPEC regimens, with responses to temperature, duration and treatment varying between patients. Further analysis of DNA DSB markers is ongoing, with initial results appearing to stratify patients into responding and non-responding categories. Citation Format: Steven D. Forsythe, Richard A. Erali, Preston Laney, Shyama Sasikumar, Perry Shen, Edward A. Levine, Konstantinos I. Votanopoulos, Shay Soker. Lower PTIP expression in appendiceal cancer is linked to oxaliplatin based HIPEC therapy resistance in patient derived tumor organoids [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2970.
Adversarial Domain Randomization

Domain Randomization (DR) is known to require a significant amount of training data for good performance. We argue that this is due to DR's strategy of random data generation using a uniform distribution over simulation parameters, as a result, DR often generates samples which are uninformative for the learner. In this work, we theoretically analyze DR using ideas from multi-source domain adaptation. Based on our findings, we propose Adversarial Domain Randomization (ADR) as an efficient variant of DR which generates adversarial samples with respect to the learner during training. We implement ADR as a policy whose action space is the quantized simulation parameter space. At each iteration, the policy's action generates labeled data and the reward is set as negative of learner's loss on this data. As a result, we observe ADR frequently generates novel samples for the learner like truncated and occluded objects for object detection and confusing classes for image classification. We perform evaluations on datasets like CLEVR, Syn2Real, and VIRAT for various tasks where we demonstrate that ADR outperforms DR by generating fewer data samples.
Integration of Large-Scale Photo-Voltaic Based Generation into Power Systems

Interconnection of solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) as a viable electric power supply has been substantially increasing at both distribution and transmission levels. State and Federal policies are leading factors for renewable energy growth in the United States. A significant decrease in the price for PV systems in recent years and the incentives for renewable generation also led to a rapid increase in utility-scale PV installations. Several studies are required to determine the eligibility of a utility-scale PV plant integration into a power system. This paper aims to document the procedure and brief requirements of large-scale PV generation interconnection to an existing transmission system in the United States. The requirements for such interconnection are set by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC). Interconnection request is followed by three study stages, the feasibility study, the system impact study, and the facilities study. For demonstration, a large-scale 200 megawatts (MW) PV plant is modeled along with a 200 MW battery storage system. This utility-scale PV plant is interconnected at 230 kilovolts (kV) transmission level in an existing 10,000 bus power system. Overloading issues and voltage criteria violations are analyzed using GE PSLF software under normal system P0 event and N-1 contingency P1 event. The mitigation techniques are presented for overloading and voltage violations. The effect of a large-scale PV generation on the net interchange between different areas in an interconnected power system is also reported.
Transforming polymorphs, melting, and boiling during cookoff of PETN

Abstract Transforming polymorphs, melting, and boiling are physical processes that can accelerate decomposition rates during cookoff of PETN and make measurements difficult. For example, splashing liquids from large bubbles filled with decomposition products clog pressure tubing in sealed experiments. Boil over can also extinguish thermal excursions in vented experiments making ignition difficult. For better measurements, we have modified the Sandia Instrumented Thermal Ignition (SITI) experiment to obtain better sealed and vented cookoff data for PETN by reducing the sample size and including additional gas space to prevent clogged tubing and boil over. Ignition times were not affected by 1) increasing the gas space by a factor of 3 in sealed SITI experiments or by 2) venting the decomposition gasses. That is, thermal ignition of PETN is not pressure dependent and the rate-limiting step during PETN decomposition likely occurs in the condensed phase. A simple decomposition model was calibrated using these observations and includes rate acceleration caused by melting and boiling. The model is used to predict internal temperatures, pressurization, and thermal ignition in a wide variety of experiments. The model is also used with SITI data to estimate the previously unreported latent enthalpy (5 J/g) associated with the α (PETN-I) to β (PETN-II) polymorphic phase transformation of PETN.
Globalization from the Ground Up: A Domestic Perspective

Globalization is often understood largely in neoliberal, economic terms, as if it were a force of nature. For some, globalization is all about competition - a competition for markets and investments that is global in scale and more intense than ever before. For individual corporations to succeed, for example, they must become more efficient, taking full advantage of new technologies and moving various components of their operations around the world, so as to lower costs and expand their markets. States are expected to follow suit by deregulating their markets, privatizing governmental services, lowering taxes, and, in the process, becoming more effective in attracting new businesses and, of course, jobs to their geographic region. The viewpoint of globalization that forms this chapter however, begins not in the inevitability of global markets, but in the role of domestic law and politics in producing certain market conditions (global or otherwise). In discussion, globalization is usually presented in a way that assumes a top-down phenomenon, emphasizing scale and homogeneity. By contrast, the perspective I take is from the bottom up, taking into account the areas where domestic law and local communities are caught up, and too often caught out, by globalization.
HEREDITARY ADRENOCORTICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO ACTH

The syndrome of hereditary congenital adrenal unresponsiveness to ACTH is described in an additional consanguineous kindred. Abnormal pigmentation from birth was noted in affected male and female offspring. Investigations between 3 and 4 years of age in the female proband revealed that plasma ACTH values determined by both radioimmunoassay and bioassay were greatly elevated. However, subnormal levels of plasma and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and impaired responses to exogenous ACTH were associated with a normal response to sodium deprivation. These findings are interpreted as representing normal development of the adrenocortical zona glomerulosa but in utero failure of the zona fasciculata and reticularis to differentiate in response to normal ACTH. Analysis of an autosomal recessive hypothesis as the mode of inheritance reveals an excess of males and a deficiency of consanguineous matings among reported cases. Although data are limited, they suggest the occurrence of both autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive forms of the disorder.
A prospective observational quality improvement study of the sustained effects of a program to reduce unplanned extubations in a pediatric intensive care unit

Summary Background: The use of endotracheal intubation is routine in the care of critically ill children. Unplanned extubation exposes the patient to morbidity and mortality over and above that associated with the patient’s underlying disease. All unplanned extubations are unacceptable because of their potential for causing unnecessary harm to the patient. Objective: To prospectively determine whether a quality improvement program adopted 9 years ago has continued to be successful in maintaining a low rate of unplanned extubation in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: 10-bed PICU in an urban, county, teaching hospital. Patients: All intubated pediatric patients in the PICU from February 15, 2009 to February 14, 2010. Intervention: None. Measurements and Results: Prior to the implementation of the program in 2000, our PICU had an unplanned extubation rate of 6.4 unplanned extubations per 100 ventilated days. After implementation of the quality improvement program, the rate of unplanned extubation decreased to 1.0 unplanned extubation per 100 ventilated days. In this study, we reevaluated the unplanned extubation rate 9 years after the implementation of the quality improvement program. We found that the rate had remained unchanged (P > 0.05): 1.5 unplanned extubations per 100 ventilated days as compared to 1.0 unplanned extubation per 100 ventilated days. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in age, weight, endotracheal tube size, duration of intubation or rate of unplanned extubation. Limitations: In this study, no randomization took place, in which one group was not subject to the quality improvement program. We did not account for potential changes in severity of illness or staffing issues. Conclusions: In the 9 years since implementation, our program has remained successful in decreasing unplanned extubations. It is important to periodically reevaluate quality improvement programs to determine whether they have continued to achieve their intended goals. The initiative is reported here using the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE).
Astromedicine and astrolaw: Emerging issues for advanced missions beyond Earth orbit

Abstract It is generally agreed within the scientific community that provision of appropriate medical facilities and administration of quality health care to astronauts are of great importance. However, for the more complex and remote missions envisaged for the future, issues of liability, responsibility and damage relating to medical practice may take on a greater significance and will need to be addressed. The author briefly reviews potential issues which may arise in the context of medical emergencies, crew autonomy and environmentally altered physiological status which characterize some projected advanced space missions and argues that the law of outer space will need to be expanded to take account of them.
Isolation of a DNA Fragment Containing Replication Functions from IncP2 Megaplasmid pMG2

Replication functions with IncP2 specificity were identified on a 3-kilobase DNA fragment isolated from the 400-kilobase Pseudomonas megaplasmid pMG2.
T cells and tumours

The immune system's response to new tumours is complicated but seems to depend on where and when tumours develop. This will have to be much better understood to enlist a patient's immune defences in fighting cancer.
Notes on best constants in some Sobolev inequalities

Мы показываем, что наи лучшие константы в не которых неравенствах для функций из пространс тв Соболева могут быт ь вычислены в терминах решений линейных эллиптичес ких граничных задач. О бсуждается также механизм испол ьзования этих результатов.
Age-related changes in the chemical composition of bovine articular cartilage. The structure of high-density proteoglycans

Proteoglycans were extracted from the articular cartilage of foetal, calf and adult bovine metacarpal–phalangeal joints with 4m-guanidinium chloride. After extraction, the high-density proteoglycans (PG-I fractions) were prepared by sedimentation in two sequential CsCl-density-gradient procedures [Swann, Powell & Sotman (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254 , 945–954]. The PG-I fractions from foetal, calf and adult tissues accounted for 75%, 52% and 46% respectively of the extracted components. The glucosamine, galactose, N -acetylneuraminic acid and protein contents increased with age. The overall amino acid compositions of PG-I fractions were similar. Fractionation of PG-I-fraction samples on a Bio-Gel A-50m column indicated that the molecular weight decreased with age. The PG-I fractions were specifically 3 H-labelled by treatment with galactose oxidase followed by reduction with NaB 3 H 4 . The 3 H radioactivity was incorporated into both galactose and galactosamine residues of different carbohydrate side chains. The elution profiles of alkaline borohydride-treated foetal, calf and adult PG-I-fraction samples on a Sepharose 6B column showed that the molecular weights of chondroitin sulphate chains were 13500, 12000 and 10500 in foetal, calf and adult tissues respectively. Fractionation of the alkaline borohydride-treated foetal, calf and adult PG-I-fraction samples and 3 H-labelled calf and adult PG-I-fraction samples on a Bio-Gel P-10 column showed that there was an inverse relationship between the low-molecular-weight O -linked oligosaccharides and the higher-molecular-weight sialic acid-containing constituents at different ages. The oligosaccharide components of foetal, calf and adult PG-I-fraction samples represented 79%, 69% and 36% respectively of the total sialic acid content of the proteoglycans. Similarly in the 3 H-labelled calf and adult samples 75% and 30% of the total radioactivity were present in the oligosaccharide components respectively. Digestion with chondroitinase AC-II and infrared analyses showed that the PG-I-fraction F and C samples contained primarily chondroitin 4-sulphate chains whereas PG-I-fraction sample A was 6-sulphated. These studies show that the major proteoglycans (PG-I fractions) in the articular cartilage of foetal, calf and adult animals differ in the content, types and structure of the chondroitin sulphate, keratan sulphate and oligosaccharide constituents. These changes in proteoglycan structure reflect the gross age-related changes in the chemical composition of the tissue.
Innovative Pedagogy: A Partnership Model for Designing Service-Learning Projects

This paper describes the Rural Alaska Taxpayer Outreach Program, a service-learning program developed by the Alaska Business Development Center, the State of Alaska–Division of Investments, the Internal Revenue Service, and the University of Alaska Anchorage. Faculty involvement was a crucial element in both the initial development and subsequent growth of the outreach program. What began as a student volunteer service has expanded to become an extremely popular senior-level accounting course. Under this outreach program, teams of accounting faculty and students travel to remote villages in rural Alaska to provide free taxpayer assistance. The taxpayers receive free tax preparation services, but the most lasting benefits accrue to the faculty and students who participate in this service-learning activity.
Manipulation of dopamine d1-like receptor activation in the rat medial prefrontal cortex alters stress- and cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference behavior

These studies examined the ability of the dopamine D1-like agonist SKF 81297 and D1-like antagonist SCH 23390 in the medial prefrontal cortex to alter the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference behavior. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with bilateral cannulae over the medial prefrontal cortex and subsequently trained in a conditioned place preference task. Animals were trained in this task using four pairings of cocaine (12 mg/kg, i.p.). Conditioned place preference was demonstrated in all animals, and this behavior was then extinguished over a 5-10-day period before testing for reinstatement. Just prior to reinstatement by immobilization stress or a cocaine priming injection (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a microinjection of the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 microg/side), or the D1-like receptor agonist SKF 81297 (0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 microg/side) was given into the medial prefrontal cortex. SCH 23390 blocked both stress- and cocaine-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference after the two higher doses were administered into the medial prefrontal cortex. The highest dose of SKF 81297 (1.0 microg/side) prevented immobilization stress- but not cocaine-induced reinstatement. The highest dose of these drugs given in the absence of stress or cocaine did not produce reinstatement. The results indicate that immobilization stress given within the place-preference chamber is capable of producing reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. The microinjection studies suggest that D1-like receptor antagonism within the prefrontal cortex is sufficient to block reinstatement by stress and cocaine. Furthermore, the results from D1-like receptor activation in the medial prefrontal cortex point to utilization of different neural pathways for stress- and cocaine-induced reinstatement.
The Role of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in the Tumorigenesis of Inverting Papilloma of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

Inverting Papilloma (IP) is a rare neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It is considered to be a premalignant lesion as there is a 7–21% incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with IP. Although there have been many attempts to assign prognostic significance to various features of IP, there has not been a single reliable prognostic indicator identified. Recently it has been shown that mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene (TSG) are commonly involved in the process of cancer development. It has been assumed that cells which stain positive with p53 monoclonal antibody (MAb) contain mutant protein due to its lengthened half-life. To better understand the relationship of IP and carcinoma, we analyzed tumor specimens from 12 patients for p53 gene alterations using immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing. Seven patients had IP without dysplasia, and five patients had IP with dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). All seven patients with IP only had tumors negative for p53 TSG. Thr...
The use of fine-needle aspiration in the evaluation of persistent palpable dominant breast masses

Objective: Our purpose was to determine if fine-needle aspiration can decrease the necessity for open surgical biopsy in the diagnosis of a persistent palpable dominant breast mass. Study Design: In a university obstetrics-gynecology resident physician training program, persistent palpable dominant breast masses seen in the Breast Diagnostic Center at Women's Hospital, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, were evaluated by fine-needle aspiration. When a cytologic diagnosis was obtained, the patients were treated, followed, or referred for treatment. Open surgical biopsy was reserved for those lesions that were not cytologically diagnosed or for which there was no concordance of the diagnostic triad of palpation, fine-needle aspiration, and mammography. Results: Resident physicians rotating through the Breast Diagnostic Center performed 568 fine-needle aspirations under staff supervision. The technique was readily learned by most of the resident physicians with equipment already available in most outpatient settings. Fine-needle aspiration was performed on the initial clinic visit, and the preliminary cytologic diagnosis was given to the patient on the same day. Forty-two cancers were cytologically diagnosed (7% of the fine-needle aspirations). Seventy-five (13%) other patients were referred for open surgical biopsy as the definitive diagnostic procedure. Twenty-four (4%) patients elected open surgical excision biopsy of fine-needle aspiration-diagnosed masses. Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration of persistent palpable dominant breast masses allows expeditious and potentially cost-effective management of most cases and decreases the necessity of open surgical biopsy for definitive diagnosis.
Psychodynamic Speculations on Derogatory Names for Blacks

The phenomenon of linguistic racism is explored through the application of the psychoanalytic theory of Joel Kovel's White Racism: A Psychohistory and the data of such analytic explorers as Kubie, ...
Immunoglobulin allotypes influence IgG antibody responses to hepatitis C virus envelope proteins E1 and E2

Immunoglobulin (Ig) GM and KM allotypes—genetic markers of γ and κ chains, respectively—are associated with the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that GM and KM allotypes could contribute to the outcome of HCV infection by influencing the levels of IgG antibodies to the HCV glycoproteins E1E2. We serologically allotyped 100 African Americans with persistent HCV infection for GM and KM markers and measured anti-E1E2 antibodies. Subjects with the GM 1,17 5,13 phenotype had significantly higher levels of anti-E1E2 antibodies than the subjects who lacked this phenotype (p = 0.008). Likewise, subjects with the KM 1-carrying phenotypes had higher levels of anti-E1E2 antibodies than the subjects who lacked these phenotypes (p = 0.041). Median titers were fourfold higher in persons expressing both GM 1,17 5,13 and KM 1-carrying phenotypes compared to those who lacked these phenotypes (p = 0.011). Interactive effects of these GM-KM phenotypes were previously found to be highly significantly associated with spontaneous HCV clearance. Results presented here show that Ig allotypes contribute to the inter-individual differences in humoral immunity to the HCV epitopes, a finding that may provide a mechanistic explanation for their involvement in the outcome of HCV infection.
Raw and test-thaw semen parameters after cryopreservation among men with newly diagnosed cancer

Objective To characterize sperm parameters from thawed semen samples of men with different cancers who cryopreserved semen before oncologic therapy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Patient(s) 1,010 semen samples collected between 1994 to 2010. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Mean total motile count (TMC), change in percentage motility and percentage survival (100 * [postthaw % motility/raw % motility]) for each cancer compared with data from samples of men without cancer (the "procreative management" group), and proportion of postthaw samples with TMC >5 × 10 6 . Result(s) The procreative management group had the best raw and postthaw semen quality. The best raw and postthaw semen quality for cancer patients occurred in those with prostate cancer (TMC of 155.1 and 53.2 × 10 6 , respectively) and the worst in those with leukemias. Lymphoid leukemias demonstrated the worst raw TMC (26.8 × 10 6 ), but myeloid leukemias displayed the worst postthaw TMC (6.9 × 10 6 ). The testicular cancer group was the only group with a statistically significantly lower chance of having TMC >5 × 10 6 . Conclusion(s) Men with testicular cancer were most commonly referred for sperm cryopreservation and were the only group that was statistically significantly less likely to have TMC >5 × 10 6 on postthaw semen analysis. The most severe reduction in TMC was seen in the myeloid leukemia group, suggesting that these patients along with men with testis cancer and those with lymphoid leukemia should be counseled to provide increased numbers of specimens for fertility preservation.
Analysts’ vs. investors’ weightings of accruals in forecasting annual earnings

Abstract This paper examines whether financial analysts’ forecasts of annual earnings reflect an over-weighting of working-capital accruals that is comparable to the over-weighting implicit in securities prices documented in Sloan [Account. Rev. 71 (1996) 289] and Bradshaw et al. [J. Account. Res. 39 (2001) 45]. Our results indicate that the over-weighting of working-capital accruals in analysts’ earnings forecasts is less than one-third of the over-weighting by investors that is implicit in stock prices. Moreover, we are able to attribute less than 40% of the delayed securities returns associated with working-capital accruals to subsequent errors in analysts’ annual earnings forecasts, for firms with lower analyst coverage. These findings suggest that securities market inefficiencies that are unrelated to financial analysts’ earnings forecasts underlie at least part of the accruals-related anomaly.
Artificial rearing of preweanling rats: The effectiveness of direct intragastric feeding

Abstract Four day old rat pups were implanted with intragastric cannulas, and maintained away from their mothers by direct gastric infusions of a cow's milk formula which did not contain any rat's milk. Daily body weights in the artificially reared group matched the daily body weights of normally reared rat pups, although individual organ weights were not comparable between the groups. The procedure of direct intrgastric feedings is a useful method for the examination of nutritional issues of early development.
Colorectal cancer screening brochure for Latinos: focus group evaluation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be effectively prevented via screening colonoscopy, yet adherence rates remain low among Latinos. Interventions targeting individual and cultural barriers to screening are needed. We developed an educational brochure to target these barriers faced by a diverse Latino population. The objective was to evaluate the responses of the target population to the culturally and theoretically informed brochure through community member focus groups. Facilitators conducted six focus groups, stratified by gender, language, and prior colonoscopy experience. Topics included: brochure content and layout, cancer knowledge, and CRC screening determinants. Focus groups documented community members’ responses to the brochure’s overall message and its informational and visual components. Changes to wording, visual aids, and content were suggested to make the brochure culturally more acceptable. Results indicated relevance of the theoretically and culturally guided approach to the development of the brochure leading to refinement of its content and design.
Prevalence of cigarette smoking and attempts to quit in a population-based cohort with spinal cord injury

Prevalence of cigarette smoking and attempts to quit in a population-based cohort with spinal cord injury
Automatic Speed Calibration Methodology for Traffic Monitoring Sites

Traffic monitoring sites are installed in highways to collect speed, volume, and classification data to support various planning and intelligent transportation system applications. There is minimal research that addresses speed accuracy and methods to evaluate it without manually collecting vehicle speed data. Accurate speeds are important because the measured speed is used to calculate axle spacing distances and determine the vehicle classification. If the speed measurements are not accurate, the axle spacing distances may not conform to expected values making it difficult to classify the vehicle. This paper identifies values for the drive tandem axle spacing on Federal Highway Administration (FHwA) Scheme F Class 9 vehicles based on truck-manufacturer sales data. A relationship between the drive tandem axle spacing and speed calibration accuracy is verified by collecting and analyzing data from two weigh-in-motion (WIM) sites in Indiana. Based on this relationship, a traffic monitoring lane can be autom...
Adolescents' Self-presentation on a Teen Dating Web Site: A Risk-Content Analysis

Abstract Purpose To analzye adolescents' profiles on MyLol.net, a teen dating Web site, for risk content. We hypothesized that risk content would vary by age and gender. Methods We selected and coded 752 publicly viewable profiles of adolescents aged 14–18 years for the following five risks: sex, alcohol, drugs, cigarettes, and violence. Results Of the total profiles, 27.7% contained risk-related content: 15.8% sexual behavior, 13.8% alcohol use, 1.6% drug use, 6.8% cigarette smoking, and .9% violence activity. Being female, "single" relationship status, and use of profanity ( p Conclusions Females' profiles were most likely to include risky content, especially sexual content. Adolescent females who have internalized social norms that place a high value on female sexuality may reflect this in their online profiles. Online mention of interest/involvement in risky behavior may have negative consequences (e.g., cyberbullies and sexual predators). Stronger universal Internet policies and education are needed to help protect adolescents.
Long-lived neutral K mesons

Abstract The results of a complete analysis of photographs obtained by the Columbia 36-in. magnet cloud chamber in neutral beams of the Brookhaven Cosmotron are presented. A “short-distance” exposure yielded 152 events giving unambiguous proof of the existence of long-lived neutral V -particles, most naturally interpreted as examples of K 2 0 disintegrations. In a subsequent “long-distance” run, 34 events were found, giving a lifetime for K 2 0 of 8.1 −2.4 +3.2 × 10 −8 sec. Decay modes identified were: π ± e ∓ plus a neutral; π ± μ ∓ plus a neutral and π + π − plus a neutral. These are most economically interpreted as the neutral counterparts of K + decay, i.e., π ± e ∓ ν , π ± μ ∓ ν , and π + π − π 0 . In t case, the first two constitute the bulk of the events, the τ 0 mode being ≾15% of the total sample. No evidence is found for 2-body disintegration. Finally, the recent literature on the subject of K 2 0 is briefly reviewed.
Free Auxins and Free Tryptophane in the Strawberry.

It has been previously demonstrated (15) that the growth of the strawberry receptacle is regulated by the achenes. This control is exerted through substances which are active in the Avena test, a standard test for auxins. The exact identity of these natural auxins, however, had not been investigated. The purpose of this paper is to report further experiments on the production of auxins by strawberry achenes, on the level of free tryptophane, a generally presumed raw material in the genesis of natural indolic auxins, and on the separation of the auxins of the strawberry by paper chromatography.
Skeletal muscle mass is associated with bone geometry and microstructure and serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 levels in adult women and men

Skeletal muscle and bone form highly-integrated systems that undergo significant age-related changes, but the relationships between muscle mass and trabecular versus cortical bone or trabecular microarchitecture have not been systematically investigated. Thus, we examined the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) relative to height squared (relative ASM) and bone parameters at several sites assessed by conventional as well as high-resolution peripheral QCT in a cohort of 272 women and 317 men aged 20 to 97 years. In women, relative ASM was associated with cortical thickness (CtTh) at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, radius, and tibia (age-and physical activity adjusted r = 0.19–0.32; all p < 0.01). Relative ASM was also associated with trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the femoral neck and spine (all p < 0.05), and trabecular bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV), number (TbN), thickness (TbTh), and separation (TbSp) at the radius (all p ≤ 0.05). In all men, relative ASM was associated with CtTh at all sites (age- and physical activity–adjusted r = 0.17–0.28; all p < 0.01). Associations between relative ASM and trabecular vBMD at the spine in men were lost after adjusting for age; however, relative ASM was associated with trabecular vBMD at the femoral neck and TbN and TbSp at the radius (all p < 0.01). We also investigated circulating factors associated with bone health that may be indicative of relative ASM and found that serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) levels were the most robust negative predictors of relative ASM in both sexes. Collectively, these data add to the growing body of evidence supporting the highly-integrated nature of skeletal muscle and bone, and provide new insights into potential biomarkers that reflect the health of the musculoskeletal system. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Human lymphocyte dependent antibody mediated cytotoxicity: Adherence of lymphocytes to antibody treated target cells

Abstract An in vitro human antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity system was used to study the adherence of nonsensitized attacking lymphocytes from peripheral blood to antibody coated melanoma target cells. Specific adherence of attacking cells was documented by labeling the lymphocytes with 51 Cr. The degree of specific adherence was proportional to antibody concentration and incubation time and could be detected before the lysis of target cells. Adsorption of attacking lymphocytes on immune serum treated target cells depleted B cells, enriched T cells, and removed most cytotoxic activity of nonadherent lymphocytes in this system. These results were not found when attacking lymphocytes were adsorbed on normal serum treated target cells.
Case-Based Learning: Predictive Features in Indexing

Interest in psychological experimentation from the Artificial Intelligence community often takes the form of rigorous post-hoc evaluation of completed computer models. Through an example of our own collaborative research, we advocate a different view of how psychology and AI may be mutually relevant, and propose an integrated approach to the study of learning in humans and machines. We begin with the problem of learning appropriate indices for storing and retrieving information from memory. From a planning task perspective, the most useful indices may be those that predict potential problems and access relevant plans in memory, improving the planner's ability to predict and avoid planning failures. This “predictive features” hypothesis is then supported as a psychological claim, with results showing that such features offer an advantage in terms of the selectivity of reminding because they more distinctively characterize planning situations where differing plans are appropriate. We present a specific case-based model of plan execution, RUNNER, along with its indices for recognizing when to select particular plans—appropriateness conditions—and how these predictive indices serve to enhance learning. We then discuss how this predictive features claim as implemented in the RUNNER model is then tested in a second set of psychological studies. The results show that learning appropriateness conditions results in greater success in recognizing when a past plan is in fact relevant in current processing, and produces more reliable recall of the related information. This form of collaboration has resulted in a unique integration of computational and empirical efforts to create a model of case-based learning.
Nucleotide accumulations in Escherichia coli infected with some bacteriophage T4 amber mutants

Abstract Deoxyribonucleotides accumulate in Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4 amber mutants unable to induce DNA synthesis normally. Mutants unable to induce dCMP hydroxymethylase, DNA polymerase, dTMP-dHMP-dGMP kinase, or dCTP-dUTPase were studied. Considerable accumulations of dHMP and dCMP occurred when dHMP kinase was not induced, and no polyphosphorylated hydroxymethyldeoxycytidine compounds could be detected. Large accumulations of dCTP and/or dCDP occurred when dCTP-dUTPase was not induced, and little or no dUTP or hydroxymethyldeoxycytidine compounds could be detected. Smaller accumulations of deoxyribonucleotides occurred when DNA polymerase and dCMP hydroxymethylase were not induced. No large accumulation of dTMP occurred when dTMP kinase was not induced. The results indicate that (1) the phage-induced dUTPase and dTMP kinase activities are not essential for phage replication, (2) the phage-induced dCTPase is the major source of dCMP in the phage-infected cell, (3) little or no nonspecific dHMP kinase activity is present in E. coli , and (4) deoxyribonucleotide pools can be expanded in phage-infected cells when essential enzymes are not induced.
Anisotropic Xe Chemical Shifts in Zeolites. The Role of Intra- and Intercrystallite Diffusion

We provide observations and interpretations of 129Xe chemical shifts in open zeolite networks in which the Xe is in fast exchange among a large number of cavities and channels, in two zeolite types different from the A types that we have used before, and provide quantitative comparisons of adsorption isotherms and average 129Xe chemical shifts using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations employing the same methods and shielding functions used previously. We examine the temperature dependence of the Xe chemical shift at a fixed loading in NaY and silicalite and compare the predicted behavior with that of Xen in the α cages of NaA. Furthermore, we consider the most general case where the chemical shift reported by a Xe atom includes sampling environments in several crystallites and intercrystalline gas during acquisition of the NMR signal.
Characterization of the mechanical properties of the coronary sinus for percutaneous transvenous mitral annuloplasty.

The coronary sinus (CS) vessel serves as a conduit for the deployment of percutaneous transvenous mitral annuloplasty (PTMA) devices for the treatment of functional mitral regurgitation. Characterization of the mechanical response of the CS is an important step towards an understanding of tissue–device interaction in PTMA intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of the porcine CS using the pressure–inflation test and constitutively model the wall behavior using a four fiber family strain energy function (SEF). The results showed that the CS exhibited an S-shaped pressure–radius response and could be dilated up to 88% at a pressure of 80 mm Hg. Excellent results from model fitting indicated that the four fiber family SEF could capture the experimental data well and could be used in future numerical simulations of tissue–device interaction. In addition, a histological study was performed to identify the micro-structure of the CS wall. We found a high content of striated myocardial fibers (SMFs) surrounding the CS wall, which was also mainly composed of SMFs, while the content of smooth muscle cells was very low. Elastin and collagen fibers were highly concentrated in the luminal and outer layers and sparsely distributed in the medial layer of the CS wall. These structural and mechanical properties of the CS should be taken into consideration in future PTMA device designs.
Dynamics of Neutrophil Migration in Lymph Nodes during Infection

Although the signals that control neutrophil migration from the blood to sites of infection have been well characterized, little is known about their migration patterns within lymph nodes or the strategies that neutrophils use to find their local sites of action. To address these questions, we used two-photon scanning-laser microscopy to examine neutrophil migration in intact lymph nodes during infection with an intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. We found that neutrophils formed both small, transient and large, persistent swarms via a coordinated migration pattern. We provided evidence that cooperative action of neutrophils and parasite egress from host cells could trigger swarm formation. Neutrophil swarm formation coincided in space and time with the removal of macrophages that line the subcapsular sinus of the lymph node. Our data provide insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying neutrophil swarming and suggest new roles for neutrophils in shaping immune responses.
Atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of a-SiCN:H films: role of precursors on the film growth and properties.

Atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) using Surfx AtomflowTM 250D APPJ was utilized to synthesize amorphous silicon carbonitride coatings using tetramethyldisilizane (TMDZ) and hexamethyldisilizane (HMDZ) as the single source precursors. The effect of precursor chemistry and substrate temperature (Ts) on the properties of a-SiCN:H films were evaluated, while nitrogen was used as the reactive gas. Surface morphology of the films was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM); chemical properties were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); thickness and optical properties were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry and mechanical properties were determined using nanoindentation. In general, films deposited at substrate temperature (Ts) 200 °C depicted strong Si–N and Si-CN absorption. Refractive indices (n) of the thin films showed values between 1.5 and 2.0, depending...
An experimental enzyme-membrane oscillator

Abstract Periodic behavior has been observed in a synthetic membrane bearing papain activity. A membrane-coated glass pH electrode is exposed to a solution containing benzoyl- l -arginine ethyl ester at high pH. If the pH and substrate levels in the outer solution lie within a well-defined range, and if the rate of stirring is appropriate, spontaneous oscillations of the inner pH occur with a period of about 20 s. The oscillation depends on both the autocatalytic character of the enzymatic reaction and the feedback effect due to structural diffusion limitations. Certain relevant parameters of the cross-linked papain-albumin membrane used are reported.
Effect of orientation on the modulus of SWNT films and fibers

The modulus of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) films and fibers, calculated using continuum mechanics and the SWNT rope elastic constants, is consistent with the experimentally measured moduli of these products. The modulus of large diameter ropes drops precipitously with orientation, while the smaller diameter rope modulus exhibits lower orientation dependence. Therefore, in addition to orientation, for the ropes composed of SWNTs with varying diameters and helicity, exfoliation also appears to be important in achieving high modulus SWNT films and fibers.
Measurements of neutron emission induced by muons stopped in metal deuteride targets

An 80-MeV/c negative muon beam from the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory was used to investigate the stopping of muons inside Pd, Ti, and Y targets saturated with deuterium. Neutron emission from the targets was measured with an array of3He detectors, and in some runs, the temperature of the target was monitored as a function of time, with and without a flux of muons on the target. The neutron rates were also measured for Pd cathodes in an active electrochemical cell similar in design to those used in so-called “cold fusion” experiments, and the electrolyte solution was analyzed for excess tritium. No evidence was found for muon-catalyzed fusion at rates consistent with those claimed in “cold fusion” experiments. Neutron production from catalyzed fusion due to the presence of deuterium in palladium deuteride, PdD0.7, exposed to muons was determined to be 0.0±0.03 (stat.) ±0.25 (syst.) neutrons per stopped muon.