cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large vessel involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides: report of a case and review of the literature

Vasculitides are currently classified according to the size of the vessels involved and characteristic clinical and histopathologic findings. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and other serologic tests have been used to further characterize small vessel vasculitides. Large vessel involvement in ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitides has been overlooked in the medical literature. Here, we report a case of fatal aortitis and aortic dissection in a patient with microscopic polyangiitis and review reported cases of large vessel involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitides since 1990. We have attempted to characterize this subgroup of patients. Large vessel disease in ANCA-associated vasculitis may present as stenosing large vessel arteritis, aneurysmal disease, aortic dissection, aortic rupture, aortic regurgitation, and death. Prominent perivascular inflammation may present as mediastinal, cervical or abdominal soft tissue masses. ANCA-associated large vessel disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these disorders. The epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic characteristics of these patients differ from those of the well-defined large vessel vasculitides such as giant cell (temporal) arteritis or Takayasu's arteritis. We suggest that large vessel involvement is part of the spectrum of ANCA-associated vasculitis rather than an overlap with other large vessel vasculitides. It occurs in both myeloperoxidase- and proteinase 3-positive patients with either Wegener's granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis, but has not been reported in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Large vessel vasculitis can precede small vessel vasculitis or occur in the absence of small vessel involvement. We hope this report will contribute to the ongoing development of classification systems for the vasculitic syndromes.
490: Effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on free intracellular calcium and magnesium measured in peripheral blood monocytes of women with preeclampsia

AND MAGNESIUM MEASURED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES OF WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA JAY BRINGMAN, CHARLES GIBBS, ROBERT AHOKAS, RISA RAMSEY, SYAMAL BHATTACHARYA, ROBERT EGERMAN, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memphis, Tennessee, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memphis, Tennessee, University of Tennessee, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memphis, Tennessee, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, General Surgery, Memphis, Tennessee, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee OBJECTIVE: Intracellular calcium and magnesium are responsible for many cellular functions, including vascular tone and arterial blood flow as calcium channels are known to be magnesium-dependent. We investigated the potential ameliorative effects of magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia by measuring its effect on intracellular free calcium and magnesium in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a surrogate of maternal smooth muscle. STUDY DESIGN: After informed consent was obtained, peripheral blood was obtained before and after magnesium sulfate administration to preeclamptic gravidas. Patients were determined to have preeclampsia by ACOG criteria. After Histopaque isolation of PBMCs, intracellular free calcium and magnesium levels were measured ratiometrically using the fluorescent molecular probes Fura-2 and mag Fura-2, respectively. RESULTS: Six patients were included in the study. Intravenous magnesium sulfate resulted in a significant decrease in free intracellular calcium and a significant increase in free intracellular magnesium levels in PBMCs (p 0.0313, p 0.0126, respectively). CONCLUSION: Magnesium sulfate infusion resulted in a lowering of free intracellular calcium and an elevation in free intracellular magnesium levels in PBMCs. Some of the ameliorative effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate may be produced by alterations in intracellular ionic calcium as either a direct effect on contractile proteins or as a secondary messenger for additional processes.
Can Hazardous Waste Sites be Breached as a Result of Future Climate Change

One of the most important design parameters for hazardous waste sites is the amount of precipitation that is predicted to fall on the unit throughout the duration of its life, usually decades to centuries. However, this design factor is complicated by strong evidence that climate change, whether from anthropogenic or natural causes, has increased the frequency and duration of strong storms throughout the world. This increase in precipitation can have serious consequences for the integrity of hazardous waste disposal facilities. Since the amount of precipitation falling on these units can accelerate the leaching of contaminants to the subsurface, any increase could cause premature failure. Historical records of rainfall are often used as a prediction of future precipitation in the design of hazardous waste management units. However, measurements made since the 1800s indicate that large-scale changes in precipitation have occurred over the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, the siting of hazardous waste disposal facilities should include an analysis of the effects of this possible increase in precipitation. Hazardous waste disposal facilities (especially landfills) also have the potential for failure due to design limitations. Increased precipitation can breach the cover system and cause either subsidence or leaching of contaminants into the subsurface. Little actual research exists that quantifies the effects of increased precipitation on the operation of abandoned or closed hazardous waste sites, so these effects need to be reviewed.
DSMC Simulation of Ion Generation in Atmospheric Air

The generation of ions in air has several useful applications, such as electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping, air purification and isolation breakdown prevention. In this paper, ion generation processes in atmospheric air are simulated using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Details of the collision model are discussed. A C++ code is developed to implement the Monte Carlo method with cross-section data compiled from the literature. Self-sustaining discharge and ionization can be reproduced in the simulation under sufficient voltage bias, and the associated trends obtained are similar to those predicted by Paschen’s curve for a parallel-plate configuration.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Two classes of β‐pleated sheet conformation in poly(L‐tyrosine): Evidence from solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy

We had earlier observed that the detailed nature of the β-structure adopted by poly(L-tyrosine) depends on molecular weight [Auer, H. E. & McKnight, R. P. (1978) Biochemistry17, 2798–2805]. It was proposed that shorter molecules form an open, single-layered sheet (class I) and that longer chains fold over to generate at least two layers (class II). In this work, solvent perturbation difference spectroscopy of the chromophoric side chain was applied to gain additional support for the model. Two sample-reference pairs of media, sodium acetate vs sodium chloride and urea vs buffer, were studied. Great care was taken to achieve identical conditions in the sample and reference cells. The factors of importance in executing the experiments are the polypeptide concentration, the degree of side-chain ionization, achievement of the same class of β-conformation, and the absence of significant aggregation. Difference spectra obtained with both solvent pairs have similar features. Low-molecular-weight samples manifest difference bands arising from both ionized and neutral tyrosine side chains, while high-molecular-weight samples yield spectra with contributions primarily from ionized residues. The interpretation of these results is that the class I particle has both ionized and neutral residues exposed to the solvent medium, whereas the class II particle is folded, with neutral residues restricted to the interior of the fold and primarily ionized residues on the outer surfaces exposed to the solvent. Our results, therefore, corroborate the original model.
Assessing the cross-sectional and inter-temporal validity of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in Burundi.

Objective: To examine the cross-sectional and inter-temporal validity of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for rural households in Burundi. Design: Longitudinal survey about food security and agricultural production, individually administered by trained interviewers in June 2007 and 2012.SettingNgozi, north of Burundi. Subjects: Three hundred and fourteen household heads were interviewed. Results: Tobit models showed that the HFIAS was significantly correlated with objective measures of food security, in this case total annual food production (P<001), livestock keeping (P<001) and coffee production (P<001) in both 2007 and 2012. This confirms that the HFIAS is cross-sectionally valid and corroborates the findings of previous studies. However, while total food production decreased by more than 25 % in terms of energy between 2007 and 2012, households reported an improvement in their perceived food security over the same period, with the HFIAS decreasing from 139 to 108 (P<0001). This finding questions the inter-temporal validity of the HFIAS. It may be partly explained through response shifts, in which households assess their own food security status in comparison to that of their peers. Conclusions: The evidence from our study suggests that the HFIAS is cross-sectionally valid, but may not be inter-temporally valid, and should not be used as a single indicator to study temporal trends in food security.
Social organization of a free-ranging population of pine voles, Microtus pinetorum

Free-ranging pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) were radiotracked on four separate occasions between August 1980 and July 1981 in an apple orchard in Ulster County, New York USA. Positions were recorded hourly for a total of five 24-h periods during each of the four telemetry sessions. A total of 76 voles were radiotracked $${\text{(}}\bar x = {\text{19/session)}}$$ over the course of the study. Pine voles existed in non-overlapping extended family units with a mean of 4.2 (range 2–9) individuals per unit (Figs. 1 and 3). All family members utilized one or two nest sites within the group's exclusive territory (Fig. 2), regardless of sex or reproductive condition. Home range areas (range=6 m2–102 m2) estimated for males and females were not significantly different. Based on telemetry revealed associations between reproductively active individuals, the pine vole mating system appears to be monogamous. However, cooperative polyandry in multi-male units is a distinct possibility.
Estimating Liquid Oxygen Requirements for Aeration of Fasted Channel Catfish

Abstract A review of the scientific literature concerning the respiration of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus resulted in development of a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for estimating the volume of oxygen consumed by a given fasted channel catfish biomass. Channel catfish farmers and live haulers using diffused oxygen aeration systems can use computed estimates of oxygen consumption as a guide for setting flow rates for diffusers placed in grading nets and haul tanks. Entry of eight variables into the spreadsheet provides estimates of oxygen gas consumption with respect to time and biomass, the liquid oxygen equivalent of that volume, liquid oxygen expense, and the ratio of liquid oxygen expense to gross revenue.
The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 is a cell-autonomous regulator of oligodendrocyte development

Mutations in GPR56, a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor family, cause a human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of BFPP brains reveals myelination defects in addition to brain malformation. However, the cellular role of GPR56 in oligodendrocyte development remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that loss of Gpr56 leads to hypomyelination of the central nervous system in mice. GPR56 levels are abundant throughout early stages of oligodendrocyte development, but are downregulated in myelinating oligodendrocytes. Gpr56-knockout mice manifest with decreased oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation and diminished levels of active RhoA, leading to fewer mature oligodendrocytes and a reduced number of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum and optic nerves. Conditional ablation of Gpr56 in OPCs leads to a reduced number of mature oligodendrocytes as seen in constitutive knockout of Gpr56. Together, our data define GPR56 as a cell-autonomous regulator of oligodendrocyte development.
ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF A CELL FROM LIVER CHARACTERIZED BY LIPID-RICH PARTICLES

A cell has been isolated from explanted rabbit liver which contains, during all phases of its growth in culture, hundreds of lipid-rich particles with a distinct limiting membrane. The cell grows logarithmically with a generation time of 19 to 20 hours and during mitosis the particles are distributed between the daughter cells. Associated with the particles is the high total lipid content of the rabbit liver cell as compared with a rat liver cell, which contains few, if any, lipid-rich particles. This difference in lipid content between the two cells is due primarily to an increase in the triglyceride fraction, in contradistinction to small differences in the polar lipid and sterol ester fractions. The lipid-rich particles have been isolated and found to contain 90 per cent triglyceride on a dry weight basis. The "genetic" factors responsible for the high concentration of lipid-rich particles and triglycerides in the rabbit liver cell require for their full expression one or more factors which are present in much higher effective concentrations in rabbit serum than in horse serum. The hypothesis is advanced that the lipid-rich particles represent a normal state of the non-structural cell lipid. A procedure is described for the quantitative isolation of the lipid of cultured cells.
CONFIRMATORY RESEARCH ON THE ASSESSMENT OF MURDERERS

Surnrnaty.-Prior research, From the psychodynamically oriented Literature, characterizes homicidal offenders as impulsive, vulnerable to stress, with d~fficulties in emotional control, particularly anger. In 1995 Coram reported Rorschach data From a sample of murderers which tentatively support earlier Endings. This paper argues that confirmatory data from measures which objectively assess emotional states and behaviors could elucidate this issue. Behavioral and social scientists have had a perennial interest in the study of the psychological characteristics of murderers (Gacono & Meloy, 1994). Yet few empirical investigations have been published. Kundu and BhaumLk (19821, uthzing data from the Thematic Apperception Test, described murderers as more depressed, anxious, frustrated, and aggressive than nonmurderers. Based on protocols from the Johnson Temperament Analysis, Lester (1984) reported on a subtype of murderers, which he labeled undercontrolled, to be depressed and impulsive. These findings support Palmer's (1960) classic study of homicidal offenders which indicates that due to their inabhty to control impulsive emotionality, murderers become frustrated, depressed, and anxious, i.e., since murderers do not consider alternative strategies of control or expressing their heightened emotionality, the frequent result is overt aggression. However, the issue of under- or overcontrolled hostility, as a central dynamism in the study of homicidal offenders is an important point of debate in the field (see Lester & Wright, 1978; Megargee & Bohn, 1979). Recently, Coram (1995), comparing murderers with nonviolent offenders on the Rorschach, indicated that murderers showed distortions in perceptual accuracy and cognitive functioning, a tendency toward impulsivity, vulnerabihty to stress, and inability to modulate and control emotion. While Corarn's findmgs lend support to the tentative conclusions of earlier studies, addtional confirmatory research is needed on samples of homicidal offenders. Research might increase our understandmg of murderers (and the psychopathic mind) by obtaining empirical data from both projective and objective measures such as the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Psy
Heat conduction in a planar slab with power-law and polynomial heat flux input

Abstract A new solution is presented for one-dimensional heat conduction with boundary heat flux increasing as fourth power of time. Green's functions (GFs) are used and resulting slowly-converging summations in the solution are replaced with equivalent closed-form expressions. Solutions to time power-law heat flux variations that stop suddenly after a specified time are included which are especially useful as “building blocks” for superposition. An example superposition of power-law heat flux solutions to determine the response of a composite heat flux is given. Finite heating power-law solutions are combined using superposition to produce special quadratic and quartic heat flux pulse solutions which are higher-order analogs of the classic triangular heat flux pulse. The pulse solutions provide test cases for solution verification. The quartic flux approximates Gaussian heating with zero value and gradient at beginning and end of heating. An example is presented illustrating the use of the quartic heat flux solution to guide grid refinement in a numerical solution. Intrinsic verification concept is demonstrated in several ways.
Continuous optical scanning in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: Estimation of the apparent diffusion coefficient of β-lactoglobulin B

Abstract The continuous scanning apparatus developed by Catsimpoolas was applied to an analysis of the concentration profiles of a protein, β-lactoglobulin B, while it was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in a multiphasic buffer system. Continuous optical scanning in PAGE permitted reliable estimation of the standard deviation of the concentration profile (σ), the relationship between σ 2 and time, and the apparent diffusion coefficient, D ′, derived from σ 2 , as the current density varied from 2 to 9 mA/cm 2 , protein load varied from 250 to 900 μg/cm 2 , and the ionic strength varied from 0.015 to 0.065 m . Under these conditions, D ′ was linearly related to current density and protein load. Further, log ( D ′) was linearly related to gel concentration (% T ) ranging from 6 to 14%. However, D ′ was nonlinearly related to ionic strength. Due primarily to the ionic strength factor, the apparent diffusion coefficient of protein in gels appeared to be approximately 10-fold larger than under the conditions of high ionic strength conventionally used in sedimentation and diffusion studies. Extrapolation of D ′ to 0% T , zero protein load, zero current density, and “infinite” ionic strength (assuming noninteraction of these factors), as well as correction for viscosity and temperature, yielded an estimated free-diffusion coefficient, D 20,w , of 3.1 × 10 −7 cm 2 /s, which is compatible with previously reported values. These studies indicate that the optimal resolution obtained by PAGE will be considerably lower than that predicted theoretically on the basis of free-diffusion coefficients, and suggest that electrostatic interaction between the proteins and/or deformation of voltage gradient and pH within the protein zones may contribute significantly to band spreading.
Didacticism and the Ends of Storytelling: Benjamin’s Medievalism and Forms of Knowledge in Sendebar

This article examines two texts, Sendebar, a collection of exempla translated from Arabic into Castilian in the thirteenth century, and Walter Benjamin’s 1936 essay “The Storyteller: Observations on the Work of Nikolai Leskov” in order to offer a nuanced account of the relationship of knowledge and wisdom to the ends of storytelling and historicity. Benjamin’s essay is examined by paying particular attention to the place of the medieval in his figuration of storytelling and didacticism. His analysis of storytelling’s demise will then allow a way out from an impasse in Sendebar criticism, namely the debate over how seriously one should take the collection’s didactic aims, and offer a reading of the collection that is attentive to storytelling as itself a form of knowledge.
Self-consistent energy bands of calcium by the green's-function method

The nonrelativistic Green's-function method is used to compute self-consistent energy bands of calcium. The results show the state $U$ to be occupied in the metal and the state $W$ to be unoccupied. Corrections due to relativistic effects and to unfreezing of the core are discussed.
Impact of Cola Consumption on Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters in College Age Females

Text: Cola consumption may be a modifiable risk factor for poor bone quality. Young women may be at greater risk for poor bone health because this population consumes the most cola beverages among all women and peak bone mass is established during young adulthood. Research Outcome: To assess the relationship between cola consumption and calcaneal bone outcomes in college-aged women. Methods: Estimated Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Quantitative Ultrasound Index (QUI), Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) and Speed of Sound (SOS) were measured in 18-20 year old Caucasian females (n 37) using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound sonography. Weekly cola consumption was assessed by self-report using a 10-item questionnaire. Results: No difference was seen in estimated BMD (M SD: 0.693 0.148g/cm, 0.672 0.204g/cm; respectively), QUI (121.7 23.4, 114.6 31.6), BUA (91.4 21.0db/MHz, 89.1 29.7db/MHz) or SOS (1598 38m/s, 1592 50m/s) measures between women who consumed 1 cola beverage per week (n 26) and women who did not consume colas (n 11). There were also no differences in estimated BMD (0.741 0.180g/cm, 0.672 0.132g/cm, 0.672 0.204g/cm; respectively), QUI (129.3 28.4, 118.4 20.9, 114.6 31.6), BUA (97.7 24.0db/MHz, 88.7 19.6db/MHz, 89.1 29.7db/ MHz) or SOS (1610 47m/s, 1593 33 m/s, 1592 50 m/s) between high cola consumers ( 7 colas/week; n 8), low cola consumers (1-6 colas/week; n 18) and those who did not consume cola beverages (n 11). BMI was significantly and positively associated with all bone measures in non-cola consumers but did not exhibit the same relationship among cola consumers. Conclusions: Cola consuming and non-cola consuming young Caucasian females did not differ in calcaneal quantitative ultrasound bone measures regardless of level of consumption; however, weight status may influence this association.
The View from the Interior: The New Body Scholarship in Renaissance/Early Modern Studies

This essay provides an overview of the central concerns of the emerging field of historical phenomenology in Renaissance/Early Modern studies. It compares this new scholarship with the older historicism of the 1930s–1960s and concludes by posing questions about the direction of the new scholarship and the challenges it faces.
The effect of gonadal hormones and gender on anxiety and emotional learning.

Disorders of anxiety and fear dysregulation are highly prevalent. These disorders affect women approximately 2 times more than they affect men, occur predominately during a woman's reproductive years, and are especially prevalent at times of hormonal flux. This implies that gender differences and sex steroids play a key role in the regulation of anxiety and fear. However, the underlying mechanism by which these factors regulate emotional states in either sex is still largely unknown. This review discusses animal studies describing sex-differences in and gonadal steroid effects on affect and emotional learning. The effects of gonadal hormones on the modulation of anxiety, with particular emphasis on progesterone's ability to reduce the responsiveness of female rats to corticotropin releasing factor and the sex-specific effect of testosterone in the reduction of anxiety in male rats, is discussed. In addition, gonadal hormone and gender modulation of emotional learning is considered and preliminary data are presented showing that estrogen (E2) disrupts fear learning in female rats, probably through the antagonistic effect of ERα and ERβ activation.
A Scaling Parameter for Predicting Pressure Wave Reflection in Stented Arteries

A one-dimensional finite-difference model was developed to predict pressure wave reflections in stented arteries, and a parametric study of variations in stent and vessel properties was performed, including stent stiffness, length, and compliance transition region, as well as vessel radius and wall thickness. The model was solved using a combination of weighted essentially nonoscillatory and Runge-Kutta methods. Over 100 cases were tested and the magnitudes of the predicted waves were less than 0.5 mm Hg for all cases, less than 1% of the normal pulse pressure of 40 mm Hg. It was also shown that reasonable variations in these parameters could induce changes in reflection magnitude of up to ±50%. The relationship between each of these properties and the resulting wave reflection could be described in a simple manner, and the effect of all of them together could, in fact, be encompassed by a single nondimensional parameter titled "stent authority." It is believed that stent authority is a novel way of relating the energy imposed upon the arterial wall by the stent to the fraction of the incident pressure energy that is reflected from the stented region. Based on these results, it is believed that stent design can have a significant effect on pressure wave reflections; however, it was concluded that their small magnitudes make clinical relevance of these waves unlikely, regardless of design.
Observational and Incidental Learning by Children with Autism during Small Group Instruction

This study evaluated the acquisition of incidental and observational information presented to 6 children with autism in a small group instructional arrangement using a constant time delay (CTD) procedure. A multiple probe design across behaviors, replicated across 6 participants, was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the CTD procedure and to assess each student’s ability to read another student’s words and identify related pictures. Generalization was assessed in natural conditions using a pre- and post-test paradigm. Results indicate that, despite their documented deficits in social awareness and imitation, students learned observational and incidental information during small group instruction. Educational implications with regard to small group instruction are discussed.
Revising Russian History.

This article examines the production of new history textbooks that appeared after the breakup of the Soviet Union. It is argued that the radical revisions in official history in this context are shaped by the Bakhtinian process of “hidden dialogicality,” whereby new, post-Soviet narratives respond to earlier Soviet narratives in various ways. It is argued that different forms of hidden dialogicality are employed to revise official accounts of the Russian Civil War and World War II. In the former case, new texts respond to their Soviet precursors through processes of “re-emplotment,” whereas in the case of World War II, the plot is left largely unchanged, but the main characters are changed. Although many political, cultural, and economic forces play a role in the revision of any official history, it is argued that the importance of hidden dialogicality between narrative forms needs to be taken into account as well.
Probing the influence of sequence-dependent interactions upon α-helix stability in alanine-based linear peptides

The observation that short, linear alanine-based polypeptides form stable α-helices in aqueous solution has allowed the development of well-defined experimental systems with which to study the influence of amino acid sequence upon the stability of secondary structure. We have performed detailed conformational searches upon six alanine-based peptides in order to rationalize the observed variation in the α-helical stability in terms of side-chain-backbone and side-chain-side-chain interactions. Although a simple, gas-phase, potential model was used to obtain the conformational energies for these peptides, good agreement was obtained with experiment regarding their relative α-helical stabilities. Our calculations clearly indicate that valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine residues should destabilize the α-helical conformation when included within alanine-based peptides because of energetically unfavorable side-chain-backbone interactions, which tend to result in the formation of regions of 310-helix. In the case of valine, the destabilization most probably arises from entropic effects as the isopropyl side chain can assume more orientations in the 310-helical form of the peptide. A detailed examination of very short-range interactions in these peptides has also indicated that an interaction, involving fewer than five consecutive residues, whose stabilizing effect reinforces that of the (i, i + 4) hydrogen bond may be the basis of the requirement for increased nucleation (σ) and propagation parameters (s) required by Zimm–Bragg theory to predict the α-helical content for compounds in this class of short peptides. Our calculations complement recent work using modified Zimm–Bragg and Lifson–Roig theories of the helix–coil transition, and are consistent with molecular dynamics simulations upon linear peptides in aqueous solution. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prediction of Abnormal Pressures in Wyoming Sedimentary Basins Using Well Logs

Abnormal formation pressures are present in lower tertiary - upper cretaceous formations of Wyoming sedimentary basins. Calibration curves for predicting pore pressures were established for these formations using conductivity and acoustic log responses from existing wells in these basins. Comparison was made between the predicted pore pressures using the calibration curves and some actual measured pressures. It was found that the calibration curves had an accuracy of pore pressure predictions of approximately +0.03 psi/ft of depth, or 300 psi at depths below 10,000 feet for the comparison well.
An Act of Terrorism Performative (His)trocities and the Eradication of The Black Body

Diana Taylor asserts that the discipline of performance studies allows scholars to rethink what constitutes an event as performance. Taylor contends that ethnicity, race, and issues of social justi...
Simulation of pattern and defect detection in periodic amplitude and phase structures using photorefractive four-wave mixing

The nonlinearity inherent in four-wave mixing in photorefractive (PR) materials is used for adaptive filtering. Examples include script enhancement on a periodic pattern, scratch and defect cluster enhancement, periodic pattern dislocation enhancement, etc. through intensity filtering image manipulation. Organic PR materials have large space-bandwidth product, which makes them useful in adaptive filtering techniques in quality control systems. For instance, in the case of edge enhancement, phase conjugation via four-wave mixing suppresses the low spatial frequencies of the Fourier spectrum of an aperiodic image and consequently leads to image edge enhancement. In this work, we model, numerically verify, and simulate the performance of a four wave mixing setup used for edge, defect and pattern detection in periodic amplitude and phase structures. The results show that this technique successfully detects the slightest defects clearly even with no enhancement. This technique should facilitate improvements in applications such as image display sharpness utilizing edge enhancement, production line defect inspection of fabrics, textiles, e-beam lithography masks, surface inspection, and materials characterization.
Egoism Versus Altruism in Television Content for Young Audiences

The model of intuitive morality and exemplars is an organizational framework that was created to incorporate theories of basic human motivations with both micro- and macrolevel media research. Thus far, literature has integrated a framework of basic moral intuitions (here labeled altruistic motivations) with the model but has yet to integrate a framework of basic egoistic motivations. The current study integrates frameworks for both altruistic and egoistic motivations with the model in order to examine depictions of motivational incongruities (e.g., moral dilemmas) in television content for young audiences. Findings suggest that the frequency of depicted motivational incongruities increases as audience target-age increases. In addition, findings show that most motivational incongruities involve both egoistic motives versus altruistic ones, rather than just egoistic or altruistic motives alone. Discussion centers on implications for research on media and morality as well as entertainment theory.
Extended BEG model of monhalogenated methanes physisorbed on ionic crystals

Abstract The 2D dielectric phases and phase transitions of adsorbed dipolar molecules are modeled using a dilute spin-one Ising model. This model is studied in the Blume–Emery–Griffiths formalism, using a mean-field approximation, where the interaction parameters are uniquely determined from the system interaction energies using an averaging procedure. The model is applied to four monhalogenated methane species physisorbed on MgO(1 0 0) and NaCl(1 0 0) surfaces using previous experimental and theoretical studies to estimate the interaction energy parameters. We find that temperature- and coverage-dependent antiferroelectric to ferroelectric, coverage-dependent ferroelectric up to ferroelectric down, reentrant ferroelectric to ferrielectric, and order-disorder dipole phase transitions can occur. Phase diagrams based on this model are presented.
Learning Curves: Longitudinal Growth Modeling of GMA and Goal Orientation’s Effects on Performance

Individual ability and motivation have long been considered in research on learning and job performance. General mental ability (GMA) and learning goal orientation (LGO) are two often-studied predictors of learning performance, but research on these two constructs commonly examines between-individual differences in learning performance. Recent work (Chen & Mathieu, 2008; Yeo & Neal, 2004) suggests that these predictors may have important within-individual effects on learning. That is, the slope of performance across multiple episodes also varies as a function of GMA and LGO. The current study tests the between- and within-individual effects of GMA and LGO in an applied student sample (N(between-persons)=301, N(within-persons)=1505) over 1 semester in an introductory management course. Using random coefficient longitudinal growth modeling (Bliese & Ployhart, 2002), we find that GMA and LGO operate at both the between- and within-person levels in predicting learning performance. Additionally, our data show ...
Analysis of surgical errors in closed malpractice claims at 4 liability insurers

Background. The relative importance of the different factors that cause surgical error is unknown. Malpractice claim file analysis may help to identify leading causes of surgical error and identify opportunities for prevention. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 444 closed malpractice claims, from 4 malpractice liability insurers, in which patients alleged a surgical error. Surgeon-reviewers examined the litigation file and medical record to determine whether an injury attributable to surgical error had occurred and, if so, what factors contributed. Detailed descriptive information concerning etiology and outcome was recorded. Results. Reviewers identified surgical errors that resulted in patient injury in 258 of the 444 (58%) claims. Sixty-five percent of these cases involved significant or major injury; 23% involved death. In most cases (75%), errors occurred in intraoperative care; 25% in preoperative care; 35% in postoperative care. Thirty-one percent of the cases had errors occurring during multiple phases of care; in 62%, more than 1 clinician played a contributory role. Systems factors contributed to error in 82% of cases. The leading system factors were inexperience/lack of technical competence (41%) and communication breakdown (24%). Cases with technical errors (54%) were more likely than those without technical errors to involve errors in multiple phases of care (36% vs 24%, P .03), multiple personnel (83% vs 63%, P .001), lack of technical competence/knowledge (51% vs 29%, P .001) and patient-related factors (54% vs 33%, P .001). Conclusions. Systems factors play a critical role in most surgical errors, including technical errors. Closed claims analysis can help to identify priority areas for intervening to reduce errors. (Surgery 2006;140:25-33.) From the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a and Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Center for Surgery and Public Health b ; the Harvard Risk Management Foundation c ; and the Harvard School of Public Health d
Integrated Civil Engineering Curriculum: Implementation and Management

Although improving the relevance of engineering education through integrated courses has been discussed extensively, less attention has been given to the differences encountered in managing integrated as opposed to more traditional curriculums. Our planning of a new curriculum provided an opportunity for such an examination. Implementation and management issues of Colorado State University's (CSU) four year undergraduate civil engineering curriculum are identified and discussed. These issues include coordination challenges in a large research department, accommodating transfer students, absorbing higher resource costs, defining small group laboratory experiences, recognizing the lack of resource materials for nontraditional courses, including knowledge not within knowledge domains of faculty, rescheduling existing courses to fit within the new curriculum, and preparing teachers for leading the new courses. The department expects to resolve these issues in the next two to three years, and a follow-up paper...
A Mechanism for the Regulation of Pre-mRNA 3′ Processing by Human Cleavage Factor Im

Human cleavage factor I(m) (CFI(m)) is a heterodimeric RNA binding protein complex that functions at an early step in the assembly of the pre-mRNA 3' processing complex. In this report we show that CFI(m) can stimulate both cleavage and poly(A) addition, and can act to suppress poly(A) site cleavage in a sequence-dependent manner. Elevated levels of CFI(m) suppressed cleavage at the primary poly(A) site of the pre-mRNA encoding the 68 kDa subunit of CFI(m). CFI(m)-mediated suppression of poly(A) site cleavage was dependent upon the presence of three copies of an RNA element initially identified by CFI(m)-SELEX. These data provide evidence for a mechanism for the regulation of poly(A) site selection by a basal pre-mRNA 3' processing factor.
Insertion of an N-Terminal 6-Aminohexanoic Acid after the 7 Amino Acid Position of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Produces a Long-Acting Hypoglycemic Agent

The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as a routine treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus is undermined by its short biological half-life. A cause of degradation is its cleavage at the N-terminal HAE sequence by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV). To protect from DPP IV, we have studied the biological activity of a GLP-1 analog in which 6-aminohexanoic acid (Aha) is inserted between histidine and alanine at positions 7 and 8. We have compared the biological activity of this new compound, GLP-1 Aha8, with the previously described GLP-1 8-glycine (GLP-1 Gly8) analog. GLP-1 Aha8 (10 nm) was equipotent with GLP-1 (10 nm) in stimulating insulin secretion in RIN 1046-38 cells. As with GLP-1 Gly8, the binding affinity of GLP-1 Aha8 for the GLP-1 receptor in intact Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the human GLP-1 receptor (CHO/GLP-1R cells) was reduced (IC50: GLP-1, 3.7± 0.2 nm; GLP-1 Gly8, 41 ± 9 nm; GLP-1 Aha8, 22 ± 7 nm). GLP-1 Aha8 was also shown to stimulate intracellular cAMP produ...
Thermodynamics of an ‘isothermal’ flow: the two-dimensional turbulent jet

Abstract This study illustrates the thermodynamic information that is being routinely overlooked by a pure fluid mechanics analysis. The integral analysis of the two-dimensional turbulent jet is used as an example. It is shown that even when the temperature difference between the nozzle fluid and the reservoir fluid is zero, the jet region is nonisothermal. At every position along the jet, the temperature rise becomes maximum when the entrainment coefficient assumes a value that is comparable with the value determined experimentally. Furthermore, it appears that the natural shape of the velocity and temperature profiles of the jet is the one that minimizes the total entropy generation rate. This study suggests that an important relationship exists between the empirical components of the pure-fluid-mechanics integral treatment, and the temperature and entropy generation extrema unveiled by the thermodynamic analysis.
Detection of discontinuities in passivating layers on silicon by NaOH anisotropic etch

Discontinuities in glasses deposited on silicon substrates are readily detected by a silicon-preferential etch that uses single component alkali solutions. The etchants can be applied to thermally grown oxide films, pyrolytically-deposited passivating layers or sputtered quartz. The character of the discontinuities in these films is shown and the size can be estimated (although both observations are subject to the limitations of the optical tools used for observation or micrography). When applied in the temperature range below +70°C, the etchant attacks the oxides insignificantly and the concentration, as well as the temperature, is chosen for convenience. Above +70°C the passivating layers, particularly thermal SiO2, are etched at higher rates, and the etching effects must be taken into account if the oxide thickness is less than 1000 A. The etchants are applicable to intrinsic as well as extrinsic silicon up to a doping level of 1020 cm-3.
Effects of UV-B radiation (280–320 nm) on photosynthetic constituents and processes in expanding leaves of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract Soybean plants, Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Bragg, were grown and exposed to UV-B radiation (280–320 nm) under greenhouse conditions. Concentrations of chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble protein, net CO2 uptake rates, RuBP case activity, and leaf fresh weight, area and specific weight of the first trifoliate leaves (numbered acropetally above the cotyledonary node) were analysed at selected times during the period from 8 to 43 days after leaf emergence. Plants were irradiated for 6 hr daily with UV-B irradiance which was provided by two Westinghouse FS-40 sun lamps filtered with 0.127-mm cellulose acetate film (UV-B treatments) or 0.127-mm Mylar® S (control). Two UV-B radiation levels were used: 1.36 UV-Bseu (treatment T1) and 1.83 UV-Bseu (treatment T2) where 1 UV-Bseu equals 15.98 mW m−2 of weighted solar UV-B irradiance, designed to simulate the DNA absorption spectrum by the weighting function EXP-[(λ-265)/21]2. These UV-B levels corresponded to calculated 21 and 36% decreases in ozone concentration for T1 and T2, respectively. Continuous exposure of soybean plants to UV-B radiation caused significant depressions in content of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Leaf soluble protein, except at 8 days (for both T1 and T2) and 11 days (for T2), was always lower in the two UV-B treatments than in thhe Mylar control. Activity of RuBPcase extracted from leaves of the T2 plants was always significantly lower than that of the control. Differences in RuBPcase activity between T1 and control were observed at 8 days, 25 days, and 36 days. Net CO2 uptake rates which were measured at 15 days after leaf emergence were significantly lower in both UV-B-exposed treatments when compared with those of the Mylar control. At 15 days after emergence, fresh weight and area of leaves were smaller whereas specific leaf weight was greater in the T2 treatment. These data show the potential of excessive solar UV-B radiation to reduce photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthetic rates, soluble protein, RuBPcase activity, and leaf weight and area that could lead to decreased vegetative growth and reduced yields of UV-B-sensitive soybean plants.
Energy-efficient communication in next generation rural-area wireless networks

White space frequencies are highly attractive for long-distance communication due to greater signal propagation. The lack of standards and licensing issues with increased flexibility provided by the cognitive radio allow for sophisticated customized solutions for white spaces. Rural-area networks are seen as the main beneficiaries and white spaces communication is expected to outperform current wireless solutions in this domain. However, rural networks often have to rely on a constrained energy budget and highly benefit from energy-efficient operation.We investigate the efficiency of flexible wireless transmission over long-distance white space links. We theoretically and experimentally examine the impact of channel width, modulation and coding and transmission amplitude on energy consumption. From our findings we derive the physical layer parameter settings that achieve energy optimality and develop PowerRate, a protocol that dynamically adjusts transmission parameters according to channel state. We implement PowerRate in GNUradio and evaluate its energy-saving potential in various fading environments.
Milk consumption and hydration status of exclusively breast-fed infants in a warm climate.

To assess the hydration status of 40 exclusively breast-fed Peruvian infants, their milk intake and urinary volume and concentration were measured during 8-hour daytime observations. Maximum home temperatures ranged between 26° and 33°C; environmental relative humidity ranged between 49% and 96%. The infants consumed between 105 and 528 gm milk during the observation period; the standardized intakes ranged between 4.0 and 12.1 gm/kg body weight per hour (mean±SD 7.5±1.7 gm). The infants volded between 0.9 and 6.3 ml urine per kilogram of body weight per hour (mean±SD 3.4±1.3 ml). The maximum urinary specific gravity in each infant ranged between 1.003 and 1.017. We conclude that healthy infants can maintain adequate hydration status while exclusively breast-fed under these environmental conditions.
Ethanol effects in pigeons trained to discriminate MK-801, PCP or CGS-19755.

The non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists MK-801, PCP and ketamine have recently been found to produce full drug-appropriate responding in pigeons trained to ethanol (1.5g/kg) in a two-key operant drug discrimination procedure. In the present study, ethanol (0.56-3.2g/kg i.g.) was administered to pigeons trained to discriminate MK-801 (0.18mg/kg, n = 5), PCP (1.0mg/kg, n = 4) or the competitive NMDA antagonist CGS-19755 (1.8mg/kg, n = 4) from vehicle. Up to doses that caused large reductions in response rates, ethanol produced only vehicle-appropriate responding in the pigeons trained to PCP and only low levels of drug-appropriate responding in pigeons trained to MK-801 and CGS-19755. The present results suggest there could be asymmetric generalization between the discriminative stimulus effects of i.g. ethanol and NMDA antagonists.
Error estimates for fictitious domain/penalty/finite element methods

We obtain error estimates for the finite element solution of elliptic problems with Neumann boundary conditions for domains with curved boundaries using fictitious domain/penalty methods.