cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
All digital, 1 GHz, clock phase control circuit

The author describes a novel method for solving the problem of interconnectivity for a pulse code modulation (PCM) system using a distributed master clock. This system requires that two digital data streams, coming from two stations and each operating at 0.5 to 1.0 Gb/s, with unknown clock phases be combined into one data stream and sent to a third station. The clock signals are all generated by a master clock and sent to each station, where they are recovered and used to encode the data from each station. The transit time plus the variation in transit time to each station is different and uncontrolled. The demonstrated solution involves comparing the phase of the clock from the returning data stream with the master clock phase and adjusting a phasing delay accordingly. An all-digital implementation of this solution was fabricated and operated at frequencies in excess of 1 GHz with a phase resolution of 120 ps. >
POLITICIZATION OF THE CRIMINAL OFFENDER

A “political model” of crime and punishment is described and the utility of this model is explored in the light of depth interviews with incarcerated offenders. It is suggested that the average offender brings to prison political socialization experiences which have resulted in alienation but not ideological estrangement from the political order. It is further suggested that politicizing processes in prison, coupled with the failure of rehabilitative efforts, have mode the political model acceptable to a large proportion of offenders. this model is not acceptable to prison administrators, however, and the result is increasingly that administrators and clients are operating from conflicting paradigms.
Cybernated Aesthetics: Lee Bul and the Body Transfigured

The sculptural work of Lee Bul generates a compelling visual incongruity within a cluster of aesthetic divergences. In her 1998 exhibition at Artsonje Center in Seoul, Korea, the suspended, white, and partially constructed representations of cyborg bodies, though unbounded by traditional biological gender, appear as female due to their hourglass shapes. But between them stands a monster. Monster: Black (1998), the many-tentacled amorphism, the great glittering pile of excrement. Visually incommensurable, the clean, sleek, resolutely contained surfaces of the female cyborgs resonate tensely against the unwieldy, seven-foot tidal wave of abjection that has gathered up its full force and threatens to crash down, subsuming all in its environment.
Long-term fetal outcomes in pregnant trauma patients

Abstract Background Trauma during pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, typically occurring during the hospital admission. Less is known about the delayed effects of trauma on pregnancy outcome once the patient has been discharged from the hospital with a viable fetus. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of pregnant trauma patients who were discharged from the trauma center with a viable fetus. Risk of preterm delivery (PTD) and low birth weight (LBW) were compared between injured patients (Injury Severity Score > 0) and those without identified injury (Injury Severity Score = 0), for the remainder of pregnancy. Results Even after trauma center discharge, injured patients had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of PTD (relative risk, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.3) and LBW (relative risk, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–3.2) for the remainder of the pregnancy. The risk was higher with increasing injury severity and among those injured early in gestation. Conclusion The risk of PTD and LBW in pregnant trauma patients who were discharged from trauma centers with a viable fetus remains increased throughout the remainder of the pregnancy. A history of trauma during gestation is a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome.
Everyday Exposure to Benevolent Sexism and Condom Use Among College Women

Understanding factors related to condom use is critical in reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially for women, who are disproportionately affected by many STIs. Extant work has shown that perceived sexism is one such factor associated with lower levels of condom use among women, but has yet to explore whether benevolent sexism in particular-a subtle form of sexism that often goes unnoticed and increases cognitions and behaviors consistent with traditional female gender roles (e.g., sexual submissiveness)-relates negatively to this safer-sex practice. The present research tested this possibility and, in addition, examined whether relational sex motives, which reflect a desire to engage in sex as a means to foster partners' sexual satisfaction, mediated the relation between benevolent sexism and condom use. During the spring of 2011, female college students (N = 158) reported how often they experienced benevolent sexism in their daily lives and, 2 weeks later, their relational sex motives and condom use. Supporting hypotheses results indicated that greater exposure to benevolent sexism was associated significantly with lower condom use, and that relational sex motives mediated this relationship. We discuss implications for women's well-being, including ways to promote safer sex in the face of sexism.
A study of the reaction between antimony(III) chloride and amine hydrochlorides

Abstract Twenty compounds were prepared by the reaction of antimony(III)chloride with amine hydrochlorides in the presence of a large excess of hydrochloric acid. The melting point ranges and densities of the compounds were determined. Qualitative solubilities of the compounds were observed and the absorption spectra in different concentrations of hydrochloric acid were studied. Although practically identical precipitating and recrystallization conditions were maintained, four different types of compounds were prepared. Ten of the compounds had chlorine to antimony ratios of 5 to 1; six of the compounds had chlorine to antimony ratios of 4 to 1; two of the compounds had chlorine to antimony ratios of 9 to 2.
Optical wavelet processor using cascaded liquid crystal television spatial light modulators (LCTV SLMs)

A novel optical wavelet processor is introduced. Generic wavelet functions, consisting of both amplitude and phase information can be optically synthesized using two cascaded Liquid Crystal Television Spatial Light Modulators. An innovative ternary-valued shape discriminant wavelet filter and its optical implementation is also introduced. Experimental demonstrations of multitarget classification using both a 2D Morlet wavelet filter and a ternary wavelet filter are also reported. The experimental results show that the wavelet filters are superior in discrimination than that of the conventional correlation technique.
Intraoperative pulse oximetry: Frequency and distribution of discrepant data

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the types of discrepant data during intraoperative pulse oximetry and their frequency and duration. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University medical center. Patients: 46 consecutive ASA physical status I–III patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgical operations. Measurements and Main Results: With an integrated computer algorithm on the pulse oximeter and another computer linked to it, data were screened and the frequency and distribution of the following oximeter signals recorded: absent; low quality or interrupted, as detected by the pulse oximeter algorithm, nonphysiologic, identified by the personal computer as a heart rate change greater than 10 beats per minute within 2 consecutive 2-second samples, with no similar abrupt change reported simultaneously on ECG. The number of episodes per hour of discrepant oximeter data and the duration of the episodes were recorded by phase of anesthesia: induction, maintenance, and emergence. Discrepant data occurred most frequently and lasted longest during emergence ( p ); the majority of episodes of discrepant data during emergence lasted less than 12 seconds. Excluding discrepant data that lasted less than 12 seconds decreased the frequency of discrepant data by 63% and excluding those that lasted less than 30 seconds decreased the frequency of discrepant data by 93%. Conclusions: Pulse oximeters frequently report discrepant data intraoperatively, most frequently during emergence from anesthesia. An alarm delay triggered by discrepant data and lasting 12 to 30 seconds would keep most discrepant data from becoming false alarms and, thus, may reduce distracting sound pollution in the operating room.
Stochastic acceleration of cometary pickup ions - The classic leaky box model

The acceleration of cometary pickup ions by magnetohydrodynamic waves at P/Giacobini-Zinner is examined in a model where acceleration predominantly occurs downstream of the bow shock throughout the cometosheath where intense magnetic turbulence exists. The mean free path for scattering by the magnetic fluctuations in this region is less than the characteristic dimension of the cometosheath so that pickup ions are rendered isotropic and energized by a modest amount in the process. This principal loss mechanism for the ions is spatial diffusion out of the acceleration region moderated by the self-same accelerating waves. This particular feature constrains the model in a way that the predicted ion spectrum is uniquely determined by the power spectrum of the magnetic turbulence. At both P/Giacobini-Zinner and P/Halley, the turbulence is non-Kolmogoroff with a spectral index of 2 resulting in an ion spectral behavior that is approximately an exponential in ion speed, consistent with a recent analysis of the Giacobini-Zinner data (see Richardson et al.).
Providing Systematic Training for Patient Support Groups

Abstract Patient support or self-help groups (SHG) provide essential support for patients and families dealing with particular conditions. Increasingly, these groups use the Internet to find information to support their own activities and to promote self-care. Librarians can play an important role in demonstrating to these groups how to locate and evaluate high-quality information on the Internet. This paper describes a project that provided such demonstrations to 5 support groups organized by a local hospital system in central Texas, the issues involved, the evaluation method, and the outcomes. Aggressive advertising appears to be one of the biggest deterrents to locating suitable health care information on the Internet.
A review of microsegregation induced banding phenomena in steels

A review is presented of banding in hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels. The data available on hypereutectoid steels are quite limited and therefore a study is presented on banding in a 52100 steel. Similarities and differences are identified in the banding that occurs in commercial hypoeutectoid versus hypereutectoid steels. The distinct surface patterns of Damascus steels, which are nearly pure hypereutectoid steels, have recently been shown to be due to carbide banding. It is shown that the carbide banding in the 52100 steel occurs by a distinctly different mechanism than the carbide banding of the Damascus composition steels.
Identification of FHOD1-binding proteins and mechanisms of FHOD1-regulated actin dynamics

Formin homology-2-domain containing protein 1 (FHOD1) regulates gene transcription, actin-cytoskeleton structure, and cell migration. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which FHOD1 mediates these diverse activities, a yeast-two-hybrid screen was performed to identify FHOD1-binding proteins. Three proteins specifically interacted with the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of FHOD1, which includes the FH1, FH2, and diaphanous activating domains (DAD). The newly identified FHOD1-binding proteins are protein kinase C binding protein 1 (PRKCBP1), cyclophilin B, and an isoform of WASP-interacting SH3-domain protein/diaphanous-interacting protein 1 (WISH/DIP1), named WISH-B. The proline-rich FH1 domain of FHOD1 was sufficient to interact with the central portion of PRKCP1 and full-length cyclophilin B. The FH1 domain also interacted with full-length WISH-B, but the extreme amino-terminus was sufficient to associate with WISH-B as well. WISH-B altered the solubility of FHOD1 in vitro and a truncation mutant containing the amino-terminal 227 residues of WISH-B disrupted FHOD1-induced stress fibers. WISH-B did not affect FHOD1-induced gene transcription through the serum response factor (SRF) recognition site on the skeletal α actin promoter (SkA). However, stabilization of F-actin prevented FHOD1 dependent activation of this promoter in presence of high, but not low serum concentrations. Thus, the identification of a new FHOD1-binding protein provides insight into the mechanisms by which FHOD1 regulates actin polymerization and transcription. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ginzburg-Landau equations for quark-antiquark pairs

Gorkov's microscopic derivation of Ginzburg-Landau equations is applied to quark-antiquark pairs. It is suggested that various quantities such as penetration length, Fermi energy, gap energy, and magnetic field intensity in superconductivity have their counterparts in a model of quark-antiquark pairs. The model also has the feature that symmetry broken at lower temperature is restored at the critical temperature.
Transmembrane ferricyanide reduction in carrot cells.

Carrot cells (Daucus carota) grown in tissue culture are capable of reducing the non-permeable electron acceptor, ferricyanide, with concomitant proton extrusion from the cell. Optimum conditions for transmembrane ferricyanide reduction include a pH of 7.0–7.5 in a medium containing 10 mM each KCl, NaCl and CaCl2. Data are shown to prove that transmembrane ferricyanide reduction is an enzymatic process. It does not depend on the secretion of phenolics from the cell within the time limits of the assay (10 min). The presence of broken cells and cell fragments are excluded on the basis of stimulation or only slight inhibition by mitochondrial inhibitors. However, transmembrane ferricyanide reduction by carrot cells is inhibited about 50% by various glycolysis inhibitors, which are presumed to reduce the internal levels of NADH. Treatment of cells with p-diazoniumbenzenesulfonic acid, a non-permeant membrane modifying agent, also inhibits transmembrane ferricyanide reduction more than 90%. The data presented support the existence of a transplasma membrane redox system in carrot cells.
Effect of different 5-HT1A receptor antagonists in combination with paroxetine on expression of the immediate-early gene Arc in rat brain.

Selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonists enhance the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on presynaptic 5-HT function, and have potential as antidepressant augmentation therapies. The present study tested the effect of different selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonists (WAY 100635, NAD-299, p-MPPI and LY 426965) in combination with a SSRI (paroxetine), on postsynaptic 5-HT function measured by increased expression of the immediate early gene, Arc. Paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.) combined with WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) increased Arc mRNA in frontal, parietal and piriform cortices, and caudate putamen. Paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.) plus NAD-299 (1 or 5 mg/kg s.c.) had a similar effect. None of these drugs increased Arc mRNA when administered alone. Paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.) plus p-MPPI (8.5 mg/kg s.c.) also increased Arc mRNA but p-MPPI itself elevated Arc mRNA in many regions. Whilst LY 426965 (3 or 10 mg/kg s.c.) had no effect alone, when combined with paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.), the drug increased Arc mRNA in caudate putamen but not cortical regions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that four 5-HT1A receptor antagonists augment the effect of an SSRI on Arc mRNA expression, which is suggestive of increased postsynaptic 5-HT function. However, the data reveal certain differences in the 5-HT1A receptor antagonists not recognised in models of presynaptic 5-HT function.
Crafting democratic control of the military in South Korea and the Philippines: the problem of military factions

This article explores how a military's organizational character (cohesion or lack thereof) shapes military officers' attitudes toward new civilian leadership in democratizing South Korea and the Philippines. It suggests that a factionalized military makes civilian control much more difficult and the route to democratic consolidation highly unstable and incomplete for three reasons. First, in the factionalized army, individual officers' allegiance is directed toward their factional leaders, not toward the military as a unified body and the civilian leadership. Second, factionalized military will create ‘monitoring’ and ‘sanctioning’ problems for civilians. Finally, competition among various factions in the military promotes officers' appetite for political domination. The structured-focused analysis of democratization in South Korea and the Philippines clearly sustains the theoretical arguments. The study implies that the institutionalization of civilian control of the military in democratizing nations dep...
HEPARIN MODULATES THE 99-LOOP OF FACTOR IXa: EFFECTS ON REACTIVITY WITH ISOLATED KUNITZ-TYPE INHIBITOR DOMAINS

Reactivity of factor IXa with basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor is enhanced by low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin). Previous studies by us have suggested that this effect involves allosteric modulation of factor IXa. We examined the reactivity of factor IXa with several isolated Kunitz-type inhibitor domains: basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, the Kunitz inhibitor domain of protease Nexin-2, and the first two inhibitor domains of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. We find that enhancement of factor IXa reactivity by enoxaparin is greatest for basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (>10-fold), followed by the second tissue factor pathway inhibitor domain (1.7-fold) and the Kunitz inhibitor domain of protease Nexin-2 (1.4-fold). Modeling studies of factor IXa with basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor suggest that binding of this inhibitor is sterically hindered by the 99-loop of factor IXa, specifically residue Lys98. Slow-binding kinetic studies support the formation of a weak initial enzyme-inhibitor complex between factor IXa and basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor that is facilitated by enoxaparin binding. Mutation of Lys98 to Ala in factor IXa results in enhanced reactivity with all inhibitors examined, whereas almost completely abrogating the enhancing effects of enoxaparin. The results implicate Lys98 and the 99-loop of factor IXa in defining enzyme inhibitor specificity. More importantly, these results demonstrate the ability of factor IXa to be allosterically modulated by occupation of the heparin-binding exosite.
dl-N-methyl-3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine hydrochloride, Lilly 94939, a potent inhibitor for uptake of norepinephrine into rat brain synaptosomes and heart.

Abstract dl-N-Methyl-3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine hydrochloride, Lilly 94949, is a potent inhibitor for uptake of norepinephrine (NE) into synaptosomes of rat brain with inhibitor constant (Ki) value of 1.8 × 10−7M. Lilly 94939 profoundly reduces the in vivo accumulation of radioactivity from labeled NE in heart with ED50 value of 1.5 mg/kg i.p. The inhibitory effects of the compound in synaptosomes and heart are most profound within 15 min of an intraperitoneal injection of Lilly 94939 at 10 mg/kg but much deminished at the 4th hr. These properties are in great contrast with its trifluoromethyl analog, Lilly 110140, which has previously been reported as a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake in synaptosomes and without any effect on the accumulation of radioactivity from labeled NE in heart.
Tumor necrosis factor primes hepatocytes for DNA replication in the rat

Signaling through tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR-1) using a pathway that involves nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and STAT3 is required for the initiation of liver regeneration. We have proposed that TNF primes hepatocytes to respond to the mitogenic effect of growth factors, but so far, there has been no experimental demonstration that TNF enhances growth factor responses of hepatocytes. To test this hypothesis, we infused hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF-) (40 microgram/24 h) directly into the portal vein of rats for 24 hours using osmotic pumps and determined whether TNF injection (5 microgram per rat) would significantly increase hepatocyte DNA labeling in these animals. All rats received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) by intraperitoneal delivery during a 48-hour period (i.e., BrdU infusion continued for 24 hours after the end of growth factor administration). BrdU labeling in the liver was measured by both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and the results obtained by these methods showed excellent concordance. The results demonstrate that TNF transiently activates NF-kappaB and STAT3 and increases the proliferative response of hepatocytes to HGF or TGF- by fourfold. Priming effects on hepatocyte DNA replication were also obtained with injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), agents that release TNF in the liver. Similarly to TNF, GdCl3 injection caused the activation of NF-kappaB and STAT3, reaching a maximum 8 to 12 hours after the injection. The results show that TNF acts as a primer to sensitize hepatocytes to the proliferative effects of growth factors and offers a mechanism to explain the initiation and progression phases of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH).
Estimation of alveolar pressure during speech using direct measures of tracheal pressure.

The pressure in the alveoli of the lungs, created by the elastic recoil of the lungs and respiratory muscle activity, is referred to as alveolar pressure (Pa). The extent to which tracheal pressure...
An empirical examination of successive incremental improvement techniques and investment in manufacturing technology

This study tests the interactive effects of successive incremental improvement techniques (i.e. total quality management (TQM) and just‐in‐time (JIT)). In addition, observations were made with respect to how technological innovations were managed in conjunction with the implementation of TQM or JIT. A total of 83 plants belonging to the electronics industry located in the USA participated in this study. Four different manufacturing performance measures were examined. There is strong evidence that synergy exists when both TQM and JIT are implemented. Results, however, indicate that investment in manufacturing technology enhances JIT performance but inhibits TQM performance. Furthermore, findings from three‐way interaction show that shorter product development time is associated with plants using both high TQM and JIT, but only for plants that did not invest in manufacturing technology during the window period. Further analyses revealed some systematic patterns within plants that invested in manufacturing technology – many of these plants exhibit a lack of attention to quality. Although somewhat surprising, results are consistent with the current body of literature.
The Challenge of Being a Profession

Editor’s Note: On July 20, 1989, former AEA President Michael Quinn Patton delivered the keynote address to the Australasian Evaluation Society in Queensland, Australia. He also delivered a proclamation from the AEA inviting our Australasian colleagues to the AEA meeting which focused on New Perspectives From International and Cross-Cultural Evaluation. A shortened version of his keynote address is reprinted below with the permission of the Australasian Evaluation Society. Even though Patton’s focus is on evaluation in Australia, his points are also appropriate for us in America.
Homogeneous Collapsing Star: Tensor and Vector Harmonics for Matter and Field Asymmetries

For the space-time of the interior of a homogeneous collapsing star complete sets of orthogonal vector and tensor harmonics are presented. Their relationship to the set of vector and tensor harmonics for a generic spherically symmetric space-time is exhibited.
Coactivator peptides have a differential stabilizing effect on the binding of estrogens and antiestrogens with the estrogen receptor.

The effectiveness of estrogens in stimulating gene transcription mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER) appears to depend on ER interactions with coactivator proteins. These coactivators bind to ER when it is liganded with an estrogen agonist, but not when it is liganded with an estrogen antagonist. Because estrogen agonists are known to induce a conformation in ER that stabilizes coactivator binding, we asked whether coactivator binding to ER causes a reciprocal stabilization of agonist ligand binding. We used a fluorescent ligand for ER, tetrahydrochrysene-ketone, to monitor the rates of ligand dissociation from ERa and ERb, and to see how this process is affected by the p160-class coactivator, steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1). We used a 15-amino acid peptide corresponding to the second nuclear receptor box LXXLL motif in SRC-1 (NR-2 peptide), which is known to interact with the ER ligand-binding domain, a mutant peptide with an LXXAL sequence (NR-2A peptide), and a 203-amino acid fragment of SRC-1, termed the nuclear receptor domain (SRC1-NRD), embodying all three of the internal NR boxes of this protein. Both the NR-2 peptide and the SRC1-NRD fragment markedly slow the rate of dissociation of the agonist ligands tetrahydrochrysene-ketone, estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol, increasing the half-life of the ER-agonist complex by up to 50- to 60-fold. The SRC1-NRD has much higher potency in retarding ligand dissociation than does the NR-2 peptide; it is maximally effective at 30 nM, and it appears to bind with the stoichiometry of one SRC1-NRD per ER dimer. The
Time Allocation in Rural Philippine Households

Interest in the time allocation of household members in developing countries is of relatively recent origin. Demographic studies have provided the major impetus for the focus on time allocation as these studies have become increasingly concerned with the costs of caring for children and with the work of children. Efforts are also being made to adapt the general body of modern household economic theory to the low income rural setting. This paper reports an analysis of time allocation data collected from rural Philippine households as part of a larger research effort on agrarian household behavior. In the language of modern household economics, the time of household members is a resource or factor of production. For poor households, it represents the dominant household resource. It will be allocated to several activities in such a way as to minimize the cost of producing household goods. The first section of this paper develops a relatively simple analysis of factors determining time allocation of household members in rural households. The second section reports a simple econometric analysis of the Philippine data.
The child with solitary hydronephrotic kidney

The child with solitary hydronephrotic kidney has a prognosis different from that of the child with hydronephrosis and a normal contralateral kidney. We have reviewed a decade of experience with 31 children with solitary hydronephrotic kidney and have identified characteristics that point to either a favorable or unfavorable prognosis in these children.
Model of quantum stochastic absorption in absorbing disordered media

Wave propagation in coherently absorbing disordered media is generally modeled by adding a complex part to the real part of the potential. In such a case, it is already understood that the complex potential plays a duel role; it acts as an absorber as well as a reflector due to the mismatch of the phase of the real and complex parts of the potential. Although this model gives expected results for weakly absorbing disordered media, it gives unphysical results for the strong-absorption regime where it causes the system to behave like a perfect reflector. To overcome this issue, we develop a model here for one-dimentional systems using stochastic absorption for the modeling of absorption by ``fake,'' or ``side,'' channels, obviating the need for a complex potential. This model of stochastic absorption eliminates the reflection that is coupled with the absorption in the complex potential model and absorption is proportional to the magnitude of the absorbing parameter. Solving the statistics of the reflection coefficient and its phase for both the models, we argue that stochastic absorption is a potentially better way of modeling absorbing disordered media.
The Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphotransferase System: as Important for Biofilm Formation by Vibrio cholerae as It Is for Metabolism in Escherichia coli

Microbial biofilms are multicellular aggregates embedded in an exopolymeric matrix that contribute to survival in environmental niches such as rock surfaces in streams, plant roots, or the middle ear or teeth in the human body. Intense research effect has gone into identifying molecular mechanisms used by bacteria to build and regulate biofilms. In an earlier issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, Houot et al. (12a) reported on the identification of three different phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) pathways that control biofilm formation by Vibrio cholerae. This study highlights how important the PTS is in controlling biofilm formation. While other studies with different bacterial species have shown that a mutation in a gene for a component of the PTS affects biofilm formation (1, 19, 22), these studies have not yet done a thorough analysis of which components of the PTS affect biofilm formation and whether phosphorylation of these proteins is required for regulation. The PTS can transport a variety of sugars, and this report highlights the importance of studying the role of the PTS in different growth media to reveal the full extent to which the PTS affects biofilm formation. Along with the recent work demonstrating how the PTS system can influence virulence gene expression in some bacterial species (14, 24, 27), the finding that the PTS has a profound effect on biofilm formation may be bringing out a renaissance in research on this sugar transport system that was first described in the 1960s.
Image registration using radial basis functions with adaptive radius

Purpose: Deformable registration of medical images often requires initial rigid alignment. Because of variations in the articulation of bony structures, rigid alignment can capture only limited regions of the image. We propose a method that allows us to compensate for misalignment of mobile parts, which leads to improved accuracy of deformable registration. The method is based on matching landmarks using radial basis functions (RBF) with adaptive radius. Methods: Based on the assumption that the compactly positioned landmarks likely delineate an anatomic structure whose position needs to be corrected, the algorithm incorporates unsupervised clustering of landmarks based on their positions within the reference image. It calculates an appropriate RBF radius based on the set of pairwise distances between landmarks within the cluster. The algorithm distinguishes between clusters of different size and between clusters of spherical and elongated shape, and assigns the optimal RBF radius for each cluster in order to restrict the deformation field to the closest vicinity of the structure of interest. Results: Experiments with synthetic images demonstrate sensitivity of registration results to the choice of the radius of RBF support. We have statistically validated the methods on a large set of pulmonary landmarks. We also tested the method on medical use cases that show that it is potentially advantageous for initial registration of images with large spatial dislocations. Conclusions: The results of registration of CT images demonstrate that an automated selection of the RBF radius simplifies the registration routine and improves the registration quality. The selection is based on two criteria of preserving diffeomorphism of deformation and localization of the deformation within a desired area of the image.
Congruency sequence effects and cognitive control

Congruency effects in selective attention tasks are subject to sequential modulation: They are smaller following an incongruent stimulus than following a congruent one. This congruency sequence effect has been interpreted as reflecting conflict-driven adjustments in cognitive control (conflict adaptation) or, alternatively, episodic memory effects of stimulus-response association (feature integration). The present article critically reviews support for these rival accounts in the experimental literature and discusses the implications thereof for assessing behavioral and neural signatures of cognitive control processes. It is argued that both conflict adaptation and feature integration contribute to the congruency sequence effect but that their respective contributions can be isolated experimentally. Studies that have pursued this isolation strategy have gained important insights into cognitive control processes. Finally, other factors, such as expectancies, may also contribute to the congruency sequence effect, and thus their potential role needs to be carefully examined and, if found significant, integrated into current models of cognitive control.
Vehicle and Pedestrian Accident Models for Median Locations

It has long been recognized that medians are an effective method of increasing vehicular safety and capacity on urban and suburban arterials. Medians can provide an additional lane for through traffic by removing left turning vehicles from the traffic stream. Medians are also generally considered to be beneficial to pedestrian safety and operations. A number of studies have been conducted on modeling the expected number of vehicle accidents, and, hence, incremental benefits resulting from the installation of different median types. These studies did not, however, determine the expected pedestrian benefits resulting from the installation of medians. This paper presents the results of a study conducted for the Federal Highway Administration. It presents the activities and results of developing accident predictive equations for both vehicle-vehicle and pedestrian-vehicle accidents due to different median types. The model was developed for urban and suburban unlimited access arterials. The results are not applicable to rural environment or to limited access arterials.
Localization of EB1, IFT polypeptides, and kinesin-2 in Chlamydomonas flagellar axonemes via immunogold scanning electron microscopy.

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) refers to the bi-directional movement of particles and associated cargo along the axonemes of eukaryotic flagella and cilia. To provide a new perspective on the morphology of IFT particles, their association with the axoneme, and their composition, we have used immunogold localization coupled to detection via scanning electron microscopy. Here we co-localize in the Chlamydomonas flagellar axoneme polypeptides labeled with specific antibodies. Chlamydomonas EB1 localizes to the distal tip of the axoneme, as expected from previous immunofluorescent data (Pedersen et al. Curr Biol2003;13(22):1969–1974), thus demonstrating the utility of this approach. Using antibodies to IFT-related polypeptides, particles can be identified associated with the axoneme that fall into one of two classes: The first class is composed of IFT particles labeled with polyclonal antibodies to kinesin-2 and monoclonal antibodies to either IFT139 (an IFT complex A polypeptide) or IFT172 (a complex B polypeptide). The second class is comprised of particles that label with antibodies to IFT139 alone; thus, discrete particles are present associated with the axoneme that are composed only of complex A polypeptides. When IFT particles were purified by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, they appeared as more or less spherical aggregates of varying dimensions labeled with antibodies to IFT139 and to the motor protein kinesin-2. By contrast, isolated IFT particles that were labeled with IFT172 antibodies were not labeled with kinesin-2 antibodies. The data are discussed in terms of the total polypeptide composition of an IFT particle and the interaction of the particles with the motors that power IFT. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rate constant for the reaction H + C2H5 at T = 150-295 K

The reaction between the hydrogen atom and the ethyl (C2H5) radical is predicted by photochemical modeling to be the most important loss process for C2H5 radicals in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. This reaction is also one of the major sources for the methyl radicals in these atmospheres. These two simplest hydrocarbon radicals are the initial species for the synthesis of larger hydrocarbons. Previous measurements of the rate constant for the H + C2H5 (1) reaction varied by a factor of 5 at room temperature, and some studies showed a dependence upon temperature while others showed no such dependence. In addition, the previous studies were at higher temperatures and generally higher pressures than that needed for use in planetary atmospheric models. The rate constant for the reaction H + C2H5 has been measured directly at T = 150, 202, and 295 K and at P = 1.0 Torr He for all temperatures, and additionally at P = 0.5 and 2.0 Torr He at T = 202 K. The measurements were performed in a discharge−fast ...
Conditions for bound states with a given set of interaction poles in chew-mandelstam theory

Using the potential model with the left-hand cut approximated byn poles, conditions are derived under which no extra « bound state » poles need be introduced. The procedure adopted is to find the domain inn-space convered by the sets of values of residues in which no extra poles need be introduced. It is shown that any point in this domain can be reached by adjusting onlyn poles on the unphysical sheet.
Nanofabricated and self-assembled magnetic structures as data storage media

Nanofabrication of magnetic storage media, where servo marks, discrete tracks or individual islands are defined, offer the prospect for improved performance and increased areal density. However, this increase in performance will require that new and additional processes be introduced into disk manufacturing. We review here the fundamental patterning and fabrication processes that have been proposed, along with their respective strengths and weaknesses and the potential advantages they may offer for magnetic recording. The increase in data density afforded by nanofabrication may have added significance as more conventional approaches to ever increasing density will encounter physical limitations set by the thermal stability of the recorded bits.
Building a community

Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing has accomplished a lot, but we still have far to go in building a community. I was reminded of this earlier this year when I attended a workshop on a topic within the scope of AI EDAM's coverage. In addition to engineers and educators, workshop speakers included a linguist studying languages used by professionals, an ethnographer studying CAD users and a psychologist studying innovation. All three social scientists started their presentations essentially the same way:
A prospective evaluation of the impact of scheduled follow‐up appointments with compliance rates after vasectomy

OBJECTIVE To prospectively determine the impact of scheduled follow-up appointments with compliance rates after vasectomy. PATIENT AND METHODS During a study period of 18 months, 228 consecutive men had a vasectomy, of whom 114 were instructed to bring a semen sample to the office and 114 were given a follow-up appointment to submit samples. All men were instructed to submit specimens at 2 months after vasectomy and at 1-month intervals until two consecutive samples were azoospermic. The mean (range) follow-up was 16 (6–24) months. Compliance rates for the appointment and no-appointment group were compared using a two-sided Fisher’s exact test. A subgroup analysis used a logistic regression model. RESULTS In the appointment group, 96/114 (84%) of patients complied with instructions to bring the first sample at 2 months, and in the no-appointment group, 74/114 (65%) complied (P = 0.001). In the appointment group, 43/114 (48%) of patients complied with instructions to provide two consecutive azoospermic specimens and in the no-appointment group, 23/114 (20%) complied (P = 0.005). A subgroup analysis of patients who provided a sample at 2 months indicated that, on adjusting for the results of the first test, patients with appointments were 1.17 times more likely to provide additional specimens than patients with no appointments. Adjusting for the type of appointment, patients who had sperm present in the first test were 6.72 times more likely to provide additional specimens than patients who were azoospermic on the first test. CONCLUSION Scheduling an appointment after vasectomy provides a statistically and clinically significant improvement in compliance.
Tuning an RC tee notch filter

The combination of feedback and feedforward paths upon a simple RC tee notch filter provides independent control of the damping for the zeros and the poles. Control of both zeros and poles will offer a better choice of the shape of the frequency response function.
A 2-MINIMAL NON-GL2 DEGREE

We show that there is a non-GL2 degree which is a minimal cover of a minimal degree. This answers a question by Lerman.
On the injectivity of the Poisson transform

Abstract The injectivity of the Poisson transform associated to the Cartan motion groups is proved with the aid of a Fatou-type theorem.
A Counterterrorism Strategy for the Obama Administration

This article assesses the scope and nature of the current terrorist threat to the United States and suggests a strategy to counter it. Al-Qaeda continues to pose the most serious terrorist threat to the U.S. today. If the September 11, 2001 attacks have taught us anything, it is that al-Qaeda is most dangerous when it has a sanctuary or safe haven from which to plan and plot attacks. Al-Qaeda has acquired such a sanctuary in Pakistan's Federal Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and its North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and surrounding environs. Accordingly, the highest priority for the new American presidential administration must be to refocus our—and our allies'—attention on Afghanistan and Pakistan, where al-Qaeda began to collapse after 2001, but has now re-grouped. This will entail understanding that al-Qaeda and its local militant jihadi allies cannot be defeated by military means alone. Success will require a dual strategy of systematically destroying and weakening enemy capabilities—that is, conti...
Nonlinear phenomenological model of magnetic dissipation for large precession angles: Generalization of the Gilbert model

A nonlinear phenomenological model of magnetic dissipation is proposed. This model is a generalization of a standard Gilbert model, where the constant Gilbert damping parameter ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{G}$ is replaced by a function ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{G}(\ensuremath{\xi})$ of the dimensionless scalar quantity $\ensuremath{\xi}$ proportional to the square of the time rate of change of the magnetization vector ${(\ensuremath{\partial}\mathbit{M}∕\ensuremath{\partial}t)}^{2}$. The proposed model is illustrated for the example of magnetization precession excited by spin-polarized current in an in-plane magnetized nanopillar---the case where the standard Gilbert model leads to qualitatively incorrect results that contradict experiments.
Critical island-size, stability, and morphology of 2D colloidal Au nanoparticle islands

The critical island-size, stability, and morphology of 2D colloidal Au nanoparticle islands formed during drop-drying are studied using an empirical potential which takes into account core-core, ligand-ligand, and ligand-solvent interactions. Good agreement with experiment is obtained for the dependence of the critical island-size on nanoparticle diameter. Our results for the critical length-scale for smoothing via edge-diffusion are also consistent with the limited facet size and island-relaxation observed in experiments. In addition, the relatively high rate of monomer diffusion on an island as well as the low barrier for interlayer diffusion are consistent with experimental observations that second-layer growth does not occur until after the first layer is complete.
Strain on the San Andreas Fault Near Palmdale, California: Rapid, Aseismic Change

Frequently repeated strain measurements near Palmdale, California, during the period from 1971 through 1980 indicate that, in addition to a uniform accumulation of right-lateral shear strain (engineering shear, 0.35 microradian per year) across the San Andreas fault, a 1-microstrain contraction perpendicular to the fault that accumulated gradually during the interval 1974 through 1978 was aseismically released between February and November 1979. Subsequently (November 1979 to March 1980), about half of the contraction was recovered. This sequence of strain changes can be explained in terms of south-southwestward migration of a slip event consisting of the south-southwestward movement of the upper crust on a horizontal detachment surface at a depth of 10 to 30 kilometers. The large strain change in 1979 corresponds to the passage of the slip event beneath the San Andreas fault.
Deep Hypothermic circulatory arrest does not impair neurodevelopmental outcome in school-age children after infant cardiac surgery

Background The purpose of this study was to assess deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) as a modifier of neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes in preschool children after cardiac surgery in infancy for repair of congenital heart defects (CHD). Methods This is a planned analysis of infants enrolled in a prospective study of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and ND outcome after cardiac surgery. The effect of DHCA was assessed in patients with single or biventricular CHD without aortic arch obstruction. Neurodevelopmental assessment at 4 years of age included cognition, language, attention, impulsivity, executive function, social competence, and visual-motor and fine-motor skills. Patient and procedural variables were evaluated in univariate and multivariate models. Results Neurodevelopmental testing was completed in 238 of 307 eligible patients (78%). Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was used at the discretion of the surgeon at least once in 92 infants (38.6%) with a median cumulative duration of 36 minutes (range, 1 to 132 minutes). By univariate analysis, DHCA patients were more likely to have single-ventricle CHD ( p = 0.013), lower socioeconomic status ( p p p Conclusions In this cohort of children undergoing repair of CHD in infancy, patients who underwent DHCA had risk factors associated with worse ND outcomes. Despite these, use of DHCA for repair of single-ventricle and biventricular CHD without aortic arch obstruction was not predictive of worse performance for any ND domain tested at 4 years of age.
Materialism and the Family Structure–Stress Relation

In this study, we examined the role that materialism plays in the family structure–stress relation in a sample of adolescents. Materialism is a complex construct that appears to both mediate and moderate the family structure–stress relation as well as have both positive and negative effects. The happiness dimension of materialism in particular appears to both mediate and moderate the family structure–stress relation. Adolescents who associate happiness with material possessions report higher levels of family stress due to family disruption (parental divorce) compared with those who are less likely to associate happiness with material possessions. This finding runs contrary to recent marketing research. Additionally, we found the success dimension of materialism to have a direct and salubrious impact on family stress levels.