cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new solution architecture for online power system analysis

The current DSA system used in the dispatching control centers in China is a near real-time analysis system with response speed in the order of minutes. Based on a review of the state-of-the-art in online analysis and discussion of distributed data processing and computation architecture patterns, a new online analysis architecture is proposed. The primary goal of the new architecture is to increase the online analysis response speed to the order of seconds. A reference implementation of the proposed online analysis architecture to validate the feasibility of implementing the architecture and some performance testing results are presented.
Act the Fool: Antonio’s Revenge and the Conventions of the Counterfeit-Disability Tradition

This chapter establishes the conventions of the counterfeit-disability trope and explores how those conventions both upheld and complicated the concurrent conventions of revenge tragedy. The counterfeit-disability tradition defines itself through its narrative, thematic, and generic flexibility, but specific conventions still unify it, namely, its focus on audience response. Grounded in a reading of John Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge (c. 1600–01), the chapter demonstrates how the dissembling of disability supports the play’s narrative structure, providing a plot device to facilitate Antonio’s delay of revenge and to inoculate him (and the audience) against the dangerous ethics of that vengeance. Further, Row-Heyveld argues that consistent attention to audience interpretation—where skillful spectators suspect counterfeit disability and faulty spectators believe and pity dissemblers—fosters suspicion about disability off-stage as well.
Electrocardiographic Studies in Pulmonary Disease II. Establishment of Criteria for the Electrocardiographic Inference of Diffuse Lung Disease

Criteria based on changes in P waves are proposed for the electrocardiographic detection of diffuse lung disease. In a "blind" evaluation of 100 consecutively admitted patients these proved highly accurate.
A Biomechanical Analysis of Lateral Interbody Construct and Supplemental Fixation in Adjacent-Segment Disease of the Lumbar Spine.

Objective To analyze the stability of lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and compare various methods of supplemental fixation in adjacent-segment disease. Methods Four fresh-frozen human cadaveric lumbar spines (L1 to sacrum) were used for motion analysis in extension, flexion, and lateral bending. The L4−L5 level was secured with a lateral interbody cage and pedicle screws to simulate a fused segment. The adjacent segment (L3−L4) was evaluated with flexibility testing sequentially under the following conditions: native disc (control), LLIF cage, cage with lateral plate, pedicle screws with z–rod, and single-rod construct. The difference in mean displacement (millimeters) between groups was studied by the analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test. Results Mean displacement (millimeters) on averaging motion in all planes was 0.741 for native disc, 0.273 for cage, 0.183 for cage with plate, 0.086 for pedicle screws and z-rod, and 0.106 for the single-rod construct. All 4 constructs led to a significant reduction (P Conclusions LLIF with and without supplemental fixation reduced motion significantly at the adjacent segment as compared with intact disc. There was a trend toward increasing rigidity with supplemental fixation (plate and pedicle screw constructs). Further biomechanical studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these initial findings.
Leveraging robust principal component analysis to detect buried explosive threats in handheld ground-penetrating radar data

A goal of ground penetrating radar (GPR) preprocessing is to distinguish background from data containing explosive threats. This is commonly achieved by performing depth-dependent mean and standard deviation normalization, where the mean and standard deviation are computed on background data. Under the assumption that data with explosive threats have different statistical characteristics than the background/clutter, after normalization explosive threat data will have larger absolute normalized scores than the background/clutter. An underlying problem is determining which data to compute the background mean and standard deviation statistics over. Often the background statistics are computed over a moving window, which is centered at the location of interest and has a predetermined guard band, a region of data that is ignored. However, buried explosive threats vary considerably in their shapes and more importantly sizes subsequently, the size of the GPR responses from these objects are considerably varied. We examine a number of additional detection methods that utilize Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA), where RPCA decomposes the data into low-rank and sparse components. Intuitively, the low-rank component should capture the background data and the sparse should capture the anomalous explosive threat response. We find that detection performance using energy- and shape-based detection algorithms improves when using RPCA preprocessing.
Happiness on Instagram – Content Analysis and Engagement Based on Attention Theory

Instagram, a popular social networking platform, was ranked the number five most popular app by downloads in the first quarter of 2018 [1]. Instagram allows users to share happenings in their lives with other users by posting images and video content. Anyone with an Instagram account can also like and comment on others’ posts. Social media generates attention-seeking behavior and obsessions with getting more likes and positive comments. According to psychologist John Robert Anderson, attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on specific information while editing out non-essential information [2]. Which photography posts get more likes and comments? How frequently do people feel truly happy when they use hashtag #happy and/or #happiness on Instagram? How often do people give sincere comments on Instagram posts? In this research, we conducted a content analysis of photography posts tagged with the hashtag #happy and/or #happiness. We downloaded the 200 most recent posts from individual accounts between January 9–20, 2019 from age ranges 10 to 55 years old. 91% of posts were from young adults or millennials (18–35 years old) and only 2% of posts were from adolescent and 7% of posts were from middle-aged adults. The study examined different value of life in happiness on Instagram and user engagement based with different types of photography posts on Attention Theory. The study found that the physical appearance (36%) was considered to be the aspect of happiness that is 15% more than happiness from the relationship and 27% more than happiness from the achievement regardless of biological sex. In addition, the study suggests that females post comments 2.3 times more than males and females click like 1.7 times more than males. Regardless of biological sex, both males and females received significantly larger numbers of insincere comments (85.7%) than sincere comments (13.1%) on their posts.
World Music Pedagogy in Early Schooling: Issues of Implementation

For teachers interested in bringing unfamiliar musical traditions to children, World Music Pedagogy (Campbell PS, Teaching music globally. Oxford University Press, New York, 2004) offers a pedagogical approach which grounds the learning in recordings of musicians from the culture of origin. Through five distinct but related dimensions of learning, children grow increasingly active in their musical participation with the novel tradition. This project explored issues surrounding the processes of learning for three classes of 5- to 7-year-old children from one school in the United States, during two multi-lesson units on music from Japan and Australia taught by a music specialist teacher. Four themes emerged. First, because of the discrepancy between the musical skills of the children and the adult performers on the recordings, the dimensions of World Music Pedagogy in which the children were most musically active were not incorporated to the same extent as those in which they were less so. Second, lessons were most successful when designed with short musical excerpts, to capitalize upon the children’s attention span and ability to recall musical factors. Third, experiences in which a visual stimulus complemented the aural focus of the lessons led to more engaged participation. Finally, many (but not all) of the children were able to engage in discussions surrounding issues of social justice.
Z.6 and the Pale Man Argument

Z.6 argues that kath’ hauto legomena, including basic constituents, are the same as their essences but kata sumbebēkos legomena are not. Sameness here is important. If it is identity, Aristotle is committed to substantial forms as basic constituents. If it is the weaker sameness in formula, individual composites are also candidates for basic constituents. Using a pale man as his example of a kata sumbebēkos legomena, Aristotle offers two arguments that a pale man is not the same as its essence, both of which he recognizes are fallacious. An investigation of the details of what he says supports taking sameness in the pale man argument to be sameness in formula, and so to leave individual composites as candidates for basic constituents.
Filamentous Bacteriophage Delay Healing of Pseudomonas-Infected Wounds

We have identified a novel role for filamentous bacteriophage in the delayed healing associated with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) wound infections. In a mouse model of chronic Pa-infected wounds, Pf, a filamentous phage produced by Pa, impaired keratinocyte migration, prevented wound re-epithelialization, and delayed healing in both the absence and presence of live bacteria. Mechanistically, the immune response to Pf phage produces soluble factors that impair keratinocyte migration and delay wound re-epithelialization. In a prospective cohort study of 113 human patients, Pa was detected in 36 patients and 25 of these (69%) were positive for Pf phage. Pf(+) wounds were significantly older and more likely to increase in size over time than Pf(-) wounds. Together, these data implicate Pf in the delayed wound healing associated with Pa infection. We propose that Pf phage may have potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for delayed wound healing.
Consideration of temperature-dependent emissivity of selective emitters in thermophotovoltaic systems

Spectral emissivity control is paramount for designing a high-efficiency selective emitter surface required for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications. Owing to the temperature dependency of materials optical constants, the spectral properties of a selective emitter surface changes with the emitter temperature. This paper presents the fabrication of a multilayer metal-dielectric (Si3N4/W/Si3N4) coated tungsten selective emitter aimed for GaSb-based TPV systems and studies the dependence of its surface spectral emissivity, e(λ), upon a temperature ranging from 300 K to 1500 K. Both the simulation and experimental methods were used to characterize e(λ) as a function of temperature. For wavelengths less than 1.4 µm, e(λ) was found to have a minimal dependence on temperature. Beyond 1.4 µm, e(λ) increases with the temperature. At 1.55 µm, the simulation and experimental data estimated a ∼4% greater emissivity at 1500 K than at room temperature. At 1500 K, the increased e(λ) at longer wavelengths lowered the spectral conversion efficiency of the selective emitter from 58% to 47%. The output power density, sub-bandgap loss, and TPV conversion efficiency (ηTPV) for a GaSb cell illuminated by the selective thermal emitter at 1500 K were estimated. ηTPV drops from 13.7% to 11% due to the increased sub-bandgap emission at 1500 K. Essential approaches for mitigating the sub-bandgap losses to further improve ηTPV are also discussed.
Survey Curious? Start-Up Guide and Best Practices For Running Surveys and Experiments Online

Many researchers in finance and economics are interested in running online surveys or experiment, but do not know the particulars of how to implement them. Our goal is to provide the basic information to create a useful survey and post it online so you can collect data as quickly and easily as possible. We provide overviews and click-by-click instructions for popular survey platforms and participant recruitment platforms. Further, we highlight portions of the survey design literature that are likely to be most relevant to economists and outline a set of best practices to follow when creating your survey.
The Relation of Adiposity Rebound to Subsequent BMI in a Large Electronic Health Record Database.

Objective: The beginning of postinfancy increase in BMI has been termed the adiposity rebound, and an early rebound increases the risk for obesity in adolescence and adulthood. We examined whether ...
Attainment of an Additional Graduate Degree Is Associated With Sustained Scholarly Activity Beyond Surgical Residency.

Objective To determine whether attainment of an additional graduate-level degree during general surgery residency, such as an MSc, MPH, MBA, or PhD, is associated with increased research productivity beyond completion of training. Design Observational cohort study comparing publication productivity of general surgery residency graduates who did and did not obtain a degree. PubMed queries and the Web of Science Core Collection were used to capture publication metrics. Graduate characteristics, including degree attainment, were obtained from an institutional database. Practice webpages were reviewed to designate an academic surgical practice, defined as an assistant, associate, or full professorship appointment. Setting Single academic general surgery residency program. Participants Categorical general surgery residency graduates who performed at least 1 year of dedicated research. Results 1768 total publications, representing 1500 unique publications, were authored by 54 residents, of which 18 (33.3%) residents attained an additional graduate-level degree during dedicated research. 1369 (91.3%) publications had identifiable Journal Impact Factors and citation data. Degree attainers were more likely to be female (55.6% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.03) and spend more time in dedicated research (mean 2.2 vs. 1.8 years, p = 0.02). Overall, degree attainers published more frequently during residency (median 4.4 vs. 2.1 publications/year, p Conclusions Attainment of an additional graduate-level degree was associated with increased research productivity that was sustained beyond surgical residency. Programs with the goal of training academic surgeons should support professional degrees during dedicated research years.
Transcending the Teetering Tower of Trust: Demonstrated with Virtual Memory Fuses for Software Enclaves

When it comes to security, there is a dangerous disconnect between the mental model we use for the modern computation stack and the real thing. The model we all use is not rich enough to understand the constant battle between attackers and security researchers across the layers of the stack. This paper offers an enhanced model and explains how security fits into the picture. We use our model to explain the implications of various types of defensive mechanisms. Then, we practice the recommended method for future security research by designing an operating system feature – software-enforced trusted execution enclaves using Virtual Memory Fuses (VMFs) – with the best-practices we argue for. The Teetering Tower of Trust model offers a new way to think about security across the computation stack, while the novel Virtual Memory Fuse creates the possibility of a new operating system feature: software enclaves.
Non-linear Visual Knowledge Discovery with Elliptic Paired Coordinates.

It is challenging for humans to enable visual knowledge discovery in data with more than 2-3 dimensions with a naked eye. This chapter explores the efficiency of discovering predictive machine learning models interactively using new Elliptic Paired coordinates (EPC) visualizations. It is shown that EPC are capable to visualize multidimensional data and support visual machine learning with preservation of multidimensional information in 2-D. Relative to parallel and radial coordinates, EPC visualization requires only a half of the visual elements for each n-D point. An interactive software system EllipseVis, which is developed in this work, processes high-dimensional datasets, creates EPC visualizations, and produces predictive classification models by discovering dominance rules in EPC. By using interactive and automatic processes it discovers zones in EPC with a high dominance of a single class. The EPC methodology has been successful in discovering non-linear predictive models with high coverage and precision in the computational experiments. This can benefit multiple domains by producing visually appealing dominance rules. This chapter presents results of successful testing the EPC non-linear methodology in experiments using real and simulated data, EPC generalized to the Dynamic Elliptic Paired Coordinates (DEPC), incorporation of the weights of coordinates to optimize the visual discovery, introduction of an alternative EPC design and introduction of the concept of incompact machine learning methodology based on EPC/DEPC.
The impact of breast cancer-related lymphedema on rural and small-town Survivors' return-to-work and quality of life: A multiple-case study.

Abstract Background Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a lifelong condition. Millions who develop breast cancer are younger than retirement age and at a lifetime risk for developing BCRL. Rural and small-town survivors may face unique challenges in terms of access to health care and BCRL/survivorship resources. This multiple-case study describes how BCRL influences the work experiences and quality of life (QoL) of survivors living in rural and small towns in Missouri. Methods and Materials Thirteen survivors from rural and small towns in Missouri completed semi-structured interviews and a standardized QoL instrument. Cases were analyzed using in-vivo and open-coding techniques and constant cross-case comparative methods. Twelve of the 13 participants’ data are synthesized into themes to represent an illustrative case. The 13th case is presented as a contradictory (rival) case. Results Four themes are represented within the illustrative case – multiple medical encounters; the development of self-care routines; the reciprocity of work/live activities, triggers, and adjustments; and rural/small-town cultural impact. Upon BCRL diagnosis, survivors received intensive treatments, eventually establishing self-care routines. Survivors identified strategies for working around their BCRL when completing work and home responsibilities. The contradictory (rival) case was more recently diagnosed and, as such, had not established self-care and coping mechanisms in the same way. Conclusions and implications Survivors alleviate BCRL symptoms and improve their QoL by establishing self-care strategies. This provides guidance for client-centered survivorship care-planning and occupational rehabilitation of rural survivors with BCRL. This study provides the foundation for developing information for rural survivors that supports mental preparation and coping skills for BCRL self-management.
Characterization of Anti-angiogenic Chemo-sensitization via Longitudinal Ultrasound Localization Microscopy in Colorectal Carcinoma Tumor Xenografts

Objective Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has unprecedented vascular resolution at clinically relevant imaging penetration depths. This technology can potentially screen for the transient microvascular changes that are thought to be critical to the synergistic effect(s) of combined chemotherapy-antiangiogenic agent regimens for cancer. Methods In this paper, we apply this technology to a high-throughput colorectal carcinoma xenograft model treated with either the antiangiogenic agent sorafenib, FOLFOX-6 chemotherapy, a combination of the two treatments, or vehicle control. Results Longitudinal ULM demonstrated morphological changes in the antiangiogenic treated cohorts, and evidence of vascular disruption caused by chemotherapy. Gold-standard histological measurements revealed reduced levels of hypoxia in the sorafenib treated cohort for both of the human cell lines tested (HCT-116 and HT-29). Therapy resistance was associated with an increase in tumor vascular fractal dimension as measured by a box-counting technique on ULM images. Conclusion These results imply that the morphological changes evident on ULM signify a functional change in the tumor microvasculature, which may be indicative of chemo-sensitivity. Significance ULM provides additional utility for tumor therapy response evaluation by offering a myriad of morphological and functional quantitative indices for gauging treatment effect(s).
Regulation of Intestinal Cholesterol Metabolism

The amount of unesterified cholesterol within a mammalian cell is tightly controlled. Cells lack a mechanism to degrade cholesterol and excess accumulation of this sterol will cause cell death. The means by which the cell procures cholesterol, therefore, must be closely regulated. Importantly, however, cholesterol is also required for a multitude of critical cellular functions. Thus, it is vital that the cell maintain an ample and continuous supply of this sterol. For example, cholesterol is necessary for normal membrane structure and function; it is required for cell growth; cholesterol regulates the activities of key enzymes and membrane transport proteins; it is a precursor for vitamins, bile acids, and steroid hormones; and in liver and intestine, it is important for normal lipoprotein synthesis and secretion. This critical balancing act by the cell to have sufficient sterol to function normally but not too much to cause cholesterol excess has implications for the development of atherosclerotic heart and peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and cholelithiasis. Because cholesterol is central to these disease states and, therefore, has an important impact on the general health of a population, the regulation of cholesterol metabolism has been extensively studied.
For My Aunt Florence Who When Praying Gives God Not Only Her Friends' Names but Also Their Addresses

Aunt Florence, knowing without knowing, With a leatherette address book, both breviary And Bible, directed God exactly giving house Number, avenue or boulevard, sometimes even The phone number: the Karl Sunderlunds on 4 Brave Drive in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Alice Damark in Madison, Wisconsin? Phone: (608)238-8246; Leo Spooner, 32 Farewell Street, Newport, Rhode Island, Zip code 02840. However else would he find them? After all, the Sunderlunds were Lutherans and Alice a Jew. She uttered this geography in a new litany To lure him. She became his faithful navigator.
Genetic Information, Legal, Genetics and the Americans with Disabilities Act

Introduction Structural Reasons for Discrimination Employment Insurance Anecdotal and Survey Evidence of Genetic Discrimination ADA: Overview Threshold Question: Is a Genetic Condition a “Disability”? Statutory Language Legislative History and Agency Interpretations Judicial Opinions Collection of Information by Employers Discrimination in Employment and Employer-Provided Benefits Elements of Prima Facie Case and General Defenses Employer-Provided Insurance and the Insurance Safe Harbor Discrimination by Insurers Threshold Question: Scope of Title III Other Title III Issues Discrimination in Public Programs Keywords: genetics; legal issues
AGENTO: a simple agent language and its interpreter

In [9] we defined the concept of agent oriented programming (AOP), which can be viewed as a specialization of object oriented programming (OOP). AOP views objects as agents with mental state, and, in the spirit of speech act theory, identifies a number of message types - informing, requesting, offering, and so on. AOP is a general framework. In this paper we present a specific and simple language called AGENTO; we define its syntax, present its interpreter, and illustrate both through an example.
Characteristics of Successful Inner-city Music Teachers: A Pilot Study at the Choir Academy of Chicago

This descriptive study, performed in the spring of 2007, seeks to illustrate characteristics that are shared amongst successful inner-city music teachers at a choir school in Chicago, Illinois. Specifically, through both formal and informal interviews, the researcher will present data related to the classroom management practices, curricular choices, and educational philosophy of four teachers who teach music at the Choir Academy of Chicago Charter School, the only public choir school of its kind in the United States.
Postoperative pain management in elderly patients: correlation between adherence to treatment guidelines and patient satisfaction.

Objectives: To evaluate pain management satisfaction in elderly postoperative patients; to define pain management strategies documented in the medical record (MR) that predict patient satisfaction. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Eight urban hospitals. Participants: Three hundred twenty-two postsurgical patients aged 65 and older. Measurements: Patients were surveyed regarding satisfaction with pain management in the first 24 hours postsurgery and the survey results summarized in a score. Pain management variables (patient education, pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, demographic variables, and surgery and anesthesia information) were abstracted from their MR. The correlation between the satisfaction score and MR variables was assessed using linear regression. Results: Sixty-two percent of patients experienced severe postoperative pain, yet 87% reported being satisfied with the treatment. The mean satisfaction score±standard deviation was 59.3±10.8 (range 10.6–84.3; potential range 0–100, higher score=higher satisfaction). MR variables explained 14% of the satisfaction score variation. The worst pain intensity in the first 24 hours postsurgery as documented in the MR was the most powerful predictor of satisfaction. Other predictors associated with satisfaction were younger age, male sex, preoperative education, surgery type (laparotomy/thoracotomy patients were more satisfied than orthopedic patients), shorter recovery room stay, analgesic given through oral route, and morphine (compared with other opioids). Conclusion: Pain in elderly surgical patients remains undermanaged. Simple strategies such as emphasizing preoperative education may have a large effect in pain management. This study developed a validated patient satisfaction score and a MR instrument to assist in monitoring pain management quality.
Using automata to describe self-assembled nanostructures

There is an increased necessity for mathematical study of self-assembly of various phenomena ranging from nano-scale structures, material design, crystals, biomolecular cages such as viral capsids and for computing. We show an algebraic model for describing and characterizing nanostructures built by a set of molecular building blocks. This algebraic approach connects the classifcal view of crystal dissection with a more modern system based on algebraic automata theory.
Ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting with small bowel obstruction: a case report

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT Lymphoma) of the gastrointestinal tract commonly involves the stomach in the setting of concurrent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Primary ileal MALT lymphoma is rare, and has not been associated with a specific infectious disease. We report a case of a 58-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with constipation and abdominal distension, and signs of an obstructing mass on computed tomography scan. A small bowel resection was performed which revealed an 8 cm saccular dilatation with thickened bowel wall and subjacent thickened tan-yellow tissue extending into the mesentery. Histologically, there was a diffuse lymphoid infiltrate consisting of small atypical cells with monocytoid features. These cells were CD20-positive B-lymphocytes that co-expressed BCL-2 and were negative for CD5, CD10, CD43, and cyclin D1 on immunohistochemical studies. Kappa-restricted plasma cells were also identified by in situ hybridization. The overall proliferation index was low with Ki-67 immunoreactivity in approximately 10 % of cells. No areas suspicious for large cell or high grade transformation were identified. The pathologic findings were diagnostic of an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma involving the ileum, with early involvement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Small hypermetabolic right mesenteric and bilateral hilar lymph nodes were identified by imaging. The bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of involvement by lymphoma. The patient was clinically considered advanced stage and opted for therapy with rituximab infusions. After six months of therapy, follow-up radiologic studies demonstrated significant decrease in size of the mesenteric lymph nodes.
South-North Migratory Syndrome: A Qualitative Study of Acculturation among Africans from Sub-Saharan Africa Living in the United States

This study looks at the concept of acculturation and the strategy of integration proposed by John W. Berry. Integration as an acculturation strategy is analyzed from the critical race theoretical framework. The purpose is to understand more about how race, accent, and other subtle social realities act as moderating factors that influence degrees of acculturation for immigrants. The issue of acculturation and the challenges encountered by Africans from sub-Sahara Africa is an important matter and has two significant reasons why it should be explored in detail. First, it ex-rays the psychosocial implications of acculturation when individuals from minority cultures come into contact with others from dominant cultures. Secondly, it identifies areas that require greater attention by decision makers as well as those who have the power and influence to shape public policies that impact mental health, migration and human rights. Using a snowball sample approach, a hermeneutical phenomenology procedure was utilized to understand the lived experiences of four immigrants in the U.S; a qualitative inquiry methodology was also employed. Interviewees’ responses were analyzed utilizing thematic analysis. Findings indicate that immigrant background, language, and accent are negative influences that mitigate immigrants’ ability to adapt to new societies. It is suggested that international psychologists may need to be more vigilant and actively participate in not only helping new immigrants receive the indispensable training required to facilitate integration, but also help immigrants remain cognizant of the fact that difficulties with acculturation may be influenced by subtle underlying racial implications within the host society. Key w ords : Acculturation, language and accent discrimination, ethnicity, and racial prejudice
Inferences About Sexual Orientation: The Roles of Stereotypes, Faces, and The Gaydar Myth

In the present work, we investigated the pop cultural idea that people have a sixth sense, called “gaydar,” to detect who is gay. We propose that “gaydar” is an alternate label for using stereotypes to infer orientation (e.g., inferring that fashionable men are gay). Another account, however, argues that people possess a facial perception process that enables them to identify sexual orientation from facial structure. We report five experiments testing these accounts. Participants made gay-or-straight judgments about fictional targets that were constructed using experimentally manipulated stereotypic cues and real gay/straight people's face cues. These studies revealed that orientation is not visible from the face—purportedly “face-based” gaydar arises from a third-variable confound. People do, however, readily infer orientation from stereotypic attributes (e.g., fashion, career). Furthermore, the folk concept of gaydar serves as a legitimizing myth: Compared to a control group, people stereotyped more oft...
The CamKKβ Inhibitor STO609 Causes Artefacts in Calcium Imaging and Selectively Inhibits BKCa in Mouse Carotid Body Type I Cells.

It has previously been reported that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may be critical for hypoxic chemotransduction in carotid body type I cells. This study sought to determine the importance of the regulatory upstream kinase of AMPK, CamKKβ, in the acute response to hypoxia in isolated mouse type I cells.
Rapid, stress-induced modification of the benzodiazepine receptor-coupled chloride ionophore

Abstract Rapid changes in the chloride ionophore component of the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor complex were observed in cerebral cortical membranes from rats exposed to a brief, ambient temperature swim stress. These changes were manifest as: (1) an increase in both the efficacy and potency of chloride ions to enhance [3H]flunitrazepam binding, and (2) an increase in both the number of[35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (a ligand that binds at or near the GABAA receptor-gated chloride ionophore) binding sites and the apparent affinity of this radioligand. These studies demonstrate that the GABA-gated, benzodiazepine-coupled chloride ionophore, which can be considered the effector component of this ‘supramolecular complex’, is rapidly modulated by acute stress. Such changes could represent the compensatory response of an organism to stressful or anxiety provoking changes in the environment.
Employers′ knowledge of the hazard communication standard requirements and the perceived barriers to compliance

This study examined employers' perceived knowledge of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requirements prior to the inspection in which they were cited for an HCS violation. A lack of staff available to implement the HCS program was identified as having a significant impact upon compliance (p less than .05). Suggested methods for improving the overall compliance with the HCS may include using the many compliance resources available through insurance companies, safety organizations, and state programs. Areas for further research include identifying the availability, use, and effectiveness of the outside safety and health compliance resources.
Data from accelerators and cosmic rays on far-forward particle production

Recent results of two cosmic ray experiments are summarized which suggest a change in the nature of strong interactions above a PeV. Results from Tevatron experiments are reported. The first analysis of data from MiniMax (the search for evidence for Disoriented Chiral Condensates) are presented, and the studies of rapidity gaps by the D0 collaboration and of diffractive W production by the CDF group are summarized.
Accurate elastic scattering cross sections for 17-MeV deuterons

Angular distributions for 17.0-MeV ($d,d$) scattering on 23 isotopically pure targets ($^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{51}\mathrm{V}$, $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{62}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{64}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{68}\mathrm{Zn}$, $^{89}\mathrm{Y}$, $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$, $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$, $^{105}\mathrm{Pd}$, $^{112}\mathrm{Cd}$, $^{115}\mathrm{In}$, $^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$ $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$) have been measured from ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}\ensuremath{\le}10 \mathrm{to} 165\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ in 5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} steps. Relative experimental errors are always less than 2% and absolute scale errors range from 2 to 5%. Optical model searches have been performed on all angular distributions. Good fits were obtained (with four free parameters) for three values of the real radius parameter ${r}_{0}=1.0, 1.1, \mathrm{and} 1.2$ fm using starting values of ${V}_{0}\ensuremath{\approx}100$ MeV. The best fit parameters are presented for these searches, as well as for the best over-all nine-parameter fits. The data show some preference for parameter values close to ${r}_{0}=1.1$ fm (with $a\ensuremath{\approx}0.82$) for all targets heavier than $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, although very acceptable fits are also obtained for all three sets with restricted parameters. The searches with nine free parameters resulted in overly perfect fits (${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$) indicative of considerable ambiguity for so large a parameter space. Preliminary global fits to our 17-MeV data yielded a formula for generating usable optical model parameters for other near-spherical nuclei of mass $Ag48$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{51}\mathrm{V}$, $^{52}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{62}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{64}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{68}\mathrm{Zn}$, $^{89}\mathrm{Y}$, $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$, $^{100}\mathrm{Mo}$, $^{105}\mathrm{Pd}$, $^{112}\mathrm{Cd}$, $^{115}\mathrm{In}$, $^{112}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{120}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{124}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(d,d)$, $E=17.00$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ and $^{232}\mathrm{Th}(d,{d}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, $E=17.00$ MeV, measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{d},\ensuremath{\theta})$ optical model analysis, deduced $A$ dependence in optical model parameter prescription. Enriched targets.
Human landscapes have complex trajectories: reconstructing Peruvian Amazon landscape history from 1948 to 2005

Long-term landscape history studies can probe the complexity of landscape dynamics that appear linear or determined by a single driver on shorter time scales, and may span variations of both human-initiated and naturally occurring drivers. With a variety of historical sources this study traces the history of landscape change in Amazonian communities that have existed since the early 1900’s, in a region comprising both upland and riverine ecosystems. Aerial photography from 1948, 1965 and 1977 and satellite images from 1993 to 2005 are analyzed to reconstruct spatial transformations of the study region. The reconstructed landscape history is analyzed as a result of shifts in economy, policy, local markets and river dynamics. In 1948, the upland region was used for agriculture and farms appeared to be encroaching into primary forest. However by 1965, 49% of the upland farm area had become secondary forest, as farmers left upland farms fallow and moved into the floodplain to farm crops promoted through agricultural credit programs. Between 1965 and 1977 river channel migration affected the riverine landscape, dramatic floods occurred throughout the Amazon River and many farmers migrated to the city. During the 1980’s the credit given to small farmers greatly increased, resulting in the highest density of farms in the landscape by 1993. The disappearance of these credits is reflected in reduced farming activity and increased charcoal production. The results show that agricultural activity and deforestation do not always have a simple trajectory of increment.
Visual acuity of human infants at scotopic, mesopic and photopic luminances

Abstract Visual acuity of 2-month-old infants and adults was measured between −2.6 and +2.7 log10 cd/m2 using standard psychophysical techniques. The acuity-vs-luminance curve was similar for infants and adults: acuity improved with increasing luminance until 0.0 log cd/m2, and was constant above that luminance. However, the infant curve was slightly shallower than the adult curve, and infant acuity was over 3.5 octaves poorer than adult acuity at all luminances. The infant acuity-vs-luminance curve was compared with adult curves measured 21° and 51° from fixation, and at 21° with +8, ± 3.25 and 0.0 D of experimental refractive error. The results indicated that infants' poor acuity cannot be fully explained by: refractive error, foveal immaturity, scotopic detection of stimuli, functional similarity between infant vision and adult vision in the periphery, or by an overall reduction in visual sensitivity.
The origin of globalized anti-Zionism: A conjuncture of hatreds since the Cold War

The primary cause of global anti-Zionism can be found in the convergence of the post-Cold War crisis of Islam, the crisis of the post-communist Left, and Europe's civilizational crisis. Seeking new global visions for radical change, groups with discrepant agendas found solidarity through shared hatred of a fiendish entity, the one on which the alleged depredations of globalized, militarized capitalism could be blamed. Petrodollar and charity funding to defame Israel, media bias meant to do the same, and academic anti-Zionism are secondary phenomena, emanating from this global convergence.
Diffraction of atoms by a transmission grating.

We have demonstrated a novel diffraction grating for atoms. A collimated beam of sodium atoms with a de Broglie wavelength of 17 pm was diffracted by transmission through an array of slits with a spatial period of 0.2 \ensuremath{\mu}m formed in a gold membrane. This is the first reported diffraction of atoms by a fabricated periodic structure. Our transmission grating for atoms can divide or recombine an atomic beam coherently, and may provide the easiest route to the realization of an atom wave interferometer.
Southwestern corn borer damage to maize: Influence of plant age at time of larval infestation

Abstract A maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrid was infested with 30 southwestern corn borer [ Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar)] larvae per plant at 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 weeks after planting in a three-year study conducted at Mississippi State, Mississippi. Visual ratings of leaf feeding damage were highest when plants were infested 5 weeks after planting. Plant height increased linearly with the age of plants at infestation. Height of infested plants was significantly less than uninfested plants only when infestations were made 4 weeks after planting. The relationship between age of plants at infestation and yield was curvilinear. Yields were significantly reduced at all infestation times; however, the least yield reduction occurred when plants were infested 6 weeks after planting. To evaluate resistance to southwestern corn borer damage, infestation at 4 or 5 weeks after planting appeared to be most satisfactory. Yield reductions following infestation at 7 and 8 weeks after planting indicated that, when infestations are late, leaf feeding damage ratings alone may not be satisfactory indicators of plant damage.
Blackburn's Essays in Quasi‐Realism (New York: Oxford University Press)

Critique du programme antirealiste developpe par S. Blackburn dans ses «Essais sur la quasi-realisme» (1973-1991). Examinant le projet de Blackburn qui consiste a substituer a la rhetorique de l'objectivite un discours sur nos sentiments et nos attitudes, l'A. mesure les implications metaphysiques du quasi-realisme du point de vue de l'explication de nos pratiques ethiques. Au lieu de proposer une alternative au realisme, l'A. montre que Blackburn apporte une justification ingenieuse et sophistiquee des affirmations d'objectivite et de factualite
The impact of debris on the Florida manatee

Abstract The endangered Florida manatee ingests debris while feeding. From 1978 through 1986, 439 salvaged manatees were examined. Debris was in the gastrointestinal tract of 63 (14.4%) and four died as a direct result of debris ingestion. Monofilament fishing line was the most common debris found (N=49). Plastic bags, string, twine, rope, fish hooks, wire, paper, cellophane, synthetic sponges, rubber bands, and stockings also were recovered. Entanglement in lines and nets killed 11 manatees from 1974 through 1985. Numerous free-ranging manatees have missing or scarred flippers from entanglements, or debris still encircling one or both flippers. We recommend local cleanups, education of the public, and fishing restrictions in high use areas to significantly reduce harm to manatees.
Understanding the Effects of Concentration on the Solvation Structure of Ca2+ in Aqueous Solution. II: Insights into Longer Range Order from Neutron Diffraction Isotope Substitution

Although the Ca2+ aqua-ion is of great importance to biology and a key component of natural groundwaters, many details of the solvation structure and its behavior have remained either unexplored or controversial. We report the findings of a new neutron diffraction study, building upon the results of an earlier, complementary investigation with EXAFS (Fulton, J. L.; Badyal, Y. S.; Simonson, J. M.; Heald, S. M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 4688−4696). The common goal of both studies was to develop a much clearer and more consistent picture of the effects of concentration on the Ca2+ solvation structure. In particular, we have tried to elucidate the microscopic basis of a thermodynamic anomaly reported for ambient aqueous solutions of CaCl2 at concentrations greater than approximately 4.0 m. By measuring the neutron scattering from isotopically distinct (natCa/44Ca) pairs of CaCl2 aqueous solutions at two concentrations (4.0 and 6.4 m) in both light and heavy water, the uniquely detailed Ca−H and Ca−X (X = O,...
Effects of floury-2 locus on zein accumulation and RNA metabolism during maize endosperm development.

Zein accumulation patterns during mutant and normal maize endosperm development were determined. Accompanying an increase in the number of floury-2 alleles present in the endosperm was a well-defined stepwise depression in zein accumulation. Analysis of the zein accumulated in endosperms containing zero, one, two, and three doses of the floury-2 allele by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a proportionate reduction in the two major zein components, Z1 and Z2. In contrast, the relative proportions of the minor zein bands were altered. Membrane-bound polysomes isolated from kernels of floury-2 and normal maize were predominantly large size classes. The presence of increasing numbers of the floury-2 allele in the endosperm decreased recovery of membrane-bound polysomal material in a stepwise fashion. However, major alterations in polysome size-class distributions were not observed. The reduction in membrane-bound polysome material correlated linearly with reductions in in vitro zein synthesis and in vivo zein accumulation.
A Tropical Cyclone Analog Program for the North Indian Ocean

Abstract : A tropical cyclone analog program for the North Indian Ocean area (INJAH74) is described. The program is a statistical computer technique to provide forecasts for Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea tropical cyclones from 12-72 hours. The analog program is discussed in terms of its operational use at Fleet Weather Central/Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam, Mariana Islands. (Author)
Behavioral contingencies improve counseling attendance in an adaptive treatment model

Poor patient adherence remains a serious obstacle to improving the effectiveness of many drug abuse therapies and the overall quality of care delivered in programs. The present study evaluated the utility and efficacy of incorporating behavioral contingencies in a stepped care treatment approach to motivate patient attendance to the varying amounts of prescribed weekly counseling. Study participants were opioid-dependent patients (n = 127) newly admitted to an ambulatory treatment program that provides methadone. Participants were randomly assigned to a Motivated Stepped Care condition (MSC; n = 65) with behavioral contingencies to specifically motivate counseling attendance vs. a Standard Stepped Care condition (SSC; n = 62) without these contingencies. The MSC vs. SSC condition was associated with a higher rate of counseling attendance (83% vs. 44%, p < .001) and a lower rate of poor treatment response (46% vs. 79%, p < .001). The behavioral contingencies were well tolerated and strongly associated with excellent attendance across both lower and higher doses of weekly counseling.