cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Roentgenologic aspects of chronic perforating carcinoma of the colon: report of five cases.

The clinical and roentgenologic findings typical of annular carcinoma of the colon are well known, and the diagnosis of this lesion is usually straightforward. However, when there is perforation of the neoplasm through the intestinal wall with the development of secondary inflammatory changes, both the clinical and roentgenologic features may be altered, and the correct diagnosis becomes more difficult to determine preoperatively. Some clinical and roentgenologic aspects of this type of chronic perforating carcinoma of the colon are discussed, using five selected cases as examples.
Early-onset myasthenia gravis: Clinical characteristics and response to therapy

We studied 59 children with myasthenia gravis (MG). Disease onset was pre-pubertal in 26 patients and post-pubertal in 33. The male to female ratio was 0.62 in the early- and 0.17 in the late-onset groups. The frequency of ocular MG was higher in patients with prepubertal onset. Patients with generalized MG generally showed a good response to thymectomy and corticosteroid therapy proved effective with no major side-effects. In our experience early-onset MG has the same course as in adult life. We recommend thymectomy for generalized disease in childhood, except in very young children on account of possible long-term effects on immunological development. Immunosuppressive therapy should be considered in severely affected patients who do not respond adequately to other therapies.
Discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants in the cat.

Cats were trained to choose between two levers of an operant chamber using interoceptive cues provided by d-amphetamine or saline as the discriminative stimuli. Following training, stimulus generalization was observed to additional doses of d-amphetamine and cocaine, but not to morphine. Clozapine blocked the generalization of the drug discrimination response to d-amphetamine, but had no effect on generalization to cocaine. These data indicate that discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants, previously described in rats, are similar in cats.
The may-wigner stability theorem

Abstract We provide heuristic arguments and a simple, self-contained proof of May's (1972) stability theorem for randomly assembled linear systems. See also Gardner & Ashby's (1970) simulation results. Our argument is easily modified to handle typical ecological constraints (May, 1974; Lawlor, 1978) on community interaction matrices. In complex systems, our argument suggests that weak interactions with many species (high C , low α) are favored over strong interactions with few species (low C , high α). This partially resolves the “rocky intertidal paradox” (May, 1979; Murdock, 1979) by explaining overall structure in this intensely competitive community.
Focal brain injury and upregulation of a developmentally regulated extracellular matrix protein

Tenascin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed during both normal development and neoplastic growth in both neural and nonneural tissues. During development of the central nervous system (CNS), tenascin is synthesized by glial cells, in particular by immature astrocytes, and is concentrated in transient boundaries around emerging groups of functionally distinct neurons. In the mature CNS, only low levels of the glycoprotein can be detected. The present study demonstrates that following trauma to the adult human cerebral cortex, discrete populations of reactive astrocytes upregulate their expression of tenascin and dramatically increase their transcription of the tenascin gene. The enhanced expression of tenascin may be involved in CNS wound healing, and may also affect neurite growth within and around a brain lesion.
Methodology for the preparation of C1-monoalkylated 1,2-dihydro[C70)] derivatives: formation of the "other" regioisomer.

Deprotonation of 1,2-C70H2 with TBAOH, followed by alkylation with methyl bromoacetate, results in formation of a C1-monoalkylated 1,2-dihydro-C70 derivative. The position of the alkyl group (C1) was established by NMR spectroscopy and comparison with literature spectra of C2-monoalkylated analogs. Presumably, C1-alkylation is the major process due to selective deprotonation of 1,2-C70H2 at C1. Substitution of benzyl bromide for methyl bromoacetate results in rapid dialkylation, unless the amount of base is carefully controlled, in which case C1-monobenzylation is the major process. This methodology for alkylation at C1 is complimentary to methods for the C2-monoalkylation of C70 with Zn and methyl bromoacetate.
Linking Policies When Tastes Differ: Global Climate Policy in a Heterogeneous World

AbstractIn this article we discuss the mechanics of linking different types of climate change policies and identify areas where linkage will be difficult. Our goal is to identify opportunities for ...
Vegetable Choices and Cookery Methods of Nebraskans

A telephone survey of a random sample of adult Nebraskans was conducted to identify the vegetables they consumed and the methods they used to cook these vegetables. Subjects were called in the evening after the last meal of the day, and were asked to respond to questions about the vegetables they had eaten that day. Results indicated 15% of the 538 respondents did not eat a vegetable on the day they were contacted, 26% ate 1 vegetable, 25% ate 2 vegetables, and 34% ate 3 or more vegetables. Mean vegetable consumption was 2.2 vegetables per person per day. Twenty-one different vegetables were eaten and 4 of these, potatoes, lettuce, carrots, and tomatoes, accounted for 48% of vegetables consumed. One third of the vegetables were eaten raw. When they were cooked, the cookery method used most often was on the stove top (i.e., boiling). This method was used more than twice as often as the microwave for cooking vegetables. Results of this survey indicate that nutrition education programs need to encourage increased vegetable consumption and the use of vegetable cookery methods that maximize nutrient retention.
Chemical vapour deposition of amorphous Ru(P) thin films from Ru trialkylphosphite hydride complexes.

The ruthenium phosphite hydride complexes H2Ru(P(OR)3)4 (R = Me (1), Et (2), iPr (3)) were used as CVD precursors for the deposition of films of amorphous ruthenium–phosphorus alloys. The as-deposited films were X-ray amorphous and XPS analysis revealed that they were predominantly comprised of Ru and P in zero oxidation states. XPS analysis also showed the presence of small amounts of oxidized ruthenium and phosphorus. The composition of the films was found to depend on ligand chemistry as well as the deposition conditions. The use of H2 as the carrier gas had the effect of increasing the relative concentrations of P and O for all films. Annealing films to 700 °C under vacuum produced films of polycrystalline hcp Ru while a flowing stream of H2 resulted in polycrystalline hcp RuP.
Hierarchical structure in a thermotropic liquid-crystalline copolyester

Thermotropic liquid-crystalline polyesters are a new class of polymeric materials which have unique molecular and solid-state structures, flow characteristics and mechanical properties. Injection-moulded plaques were found to consist mainly of three highly anisotropic, flow-induced macrolayers: two skins with a core in between. By using fractographic methods, the internal solid-state structure of the macrolayers was elucidated. A hierarchical structure has been proposed describing the observed levels of organization. The skin macrolayer has a distinct structural gradient comprised of three subdivisions from the surface inward: a highly oriented top-layer, several oriented sublayers and a less oriented inner zone. The top layer is fibrillar in nature and the sublayers consist of stacks of interconnected microlayers. In the core, no well-defined substructure was observed, yet molecular orientation perpendicular to the injection direction represented the localized flow patterns.
Serum hexosaminidase, host age, and nutritional status.

Abstract Hexosaminidase (HEX), an intestinal lysosomal acid hydrolase, has been suggested to be a useful early marker for both ischemic intestinal injury and recovery. The experimental results analyzing HEX levels in animals of varied ages, nutritional status, and stress levels reported here challenge that principle. In an experiment in which fetal malnutrition was induced by maternal restriction, normal and malnourished, stressed and unstressed 7-day-old pups were analyzed. In no circumstance was intestinal injury documented by either light microscopy or by proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times, but in the 25 animals, serum HEX levels were significantly elevated in the malnourished group (2,108.7 v 1,724.6, P v 76% weight gain with the 8% diet v 153% gain with the control 24% diet). (See the Table.) Serum HEX (n Moles Substrate Cleaved per One Half Hour)Dietary GroupDay 3Day 5Day 7Day 10Day 12Day 1424% controls988.6827.71534.61164.31213.5678.48% protein1804.81283.11505.01803.7911.6803.22.5% protein2087.31379.22030.81754.61333.11155.1
Decision making about computer acquisition and use in American schools

Abstract This paper uses the national survey data from the Comped project to address the centralization and decentralization of decision-making about computer use in American schools. In U.S.A. schools the development has proceeded in a very decentralized fashion: computers were first acquired primarily by individual schools rather than districts. Gradually school and district administrators have come to take on more important roles. But most teachers use computers with relatively little constraint on their independent decision-making. It is largely left to individual teachers to choose the kinds of software and the specific products to be used. Yet, looking at outcomes valued by leaders in computer-based education, in every case it is not independent teacher decision-making that is related to these outcomes, but (a) substantial district-level involvement in school-level decision-making and (b) the active presence and leadership of a school-level computer coordinator. It was not expected that the results would be so totally one-sided.
Starch to lactic acid in a continuous membrane bioreactor

Fermentation production of lactic acid directly from starch was studied in a membrane recycle bioreactor (MRB) using Lactobacillus amylovorus. With 50 g litre−1 liquefied starch as feed, essentially complete conversion to lactic acid was obtained up to a dilution rate of 0·2h−1; maximum productivity of 25 g litre−1 h−1 was obtained at 0·5 h−1. A higher starch concentration in the feed caused lower conversions, resulting in rapid accumulation of unconverted starch in the fermenter. The MRB was operated continuously for 10 days without significant problems. Media components were responsible for fouling the membrane module.
Guinea Pig GnRH: Localization and Physiological Activity Reveal That It, Not Mammalian GnRH, Is the Major Neuroendocrine Form in Guinea Pigs

The isolation of GnRH cDNA from guinea pig hypothalamus predicted a novel form of GnRH with two unique amino acid substitutions relative to all known forms of this essential decapeptide. The predicted substitution at amino acid 2 in guinea pig (gp) GnRH was particularly intriguing because of the proposed importance of position 2 for binding and activation of the GnRH receptor. In the present study, gpGnRH was synthesized, and a specific antibody was generated and used to assess translation of the gpGnRH transcript. The localization of intensely labeled gpGnRH-positive cell bodies and processes in tissue sections through the preoptic area and hypothalamus argue that gpGnRH is the major neuroendocrine form of GnRH in guinea pigs. Guinea pig GnRH stimulated LH release in guinea pigs and increased LH output from guinea pig pituitary fragments, thus demonstrating biological activity in this species. In contrast, gpGnRH demonstrated little ability to stimulate LH release in rats, a species known to possess the highly conserved mammalian GnRH receptor. These findings suggest that: (1) the amino acid substitutions in gpGnRH impede binding to and/or activation of the mammalian GnRH receptor, and (2) the unique amino acid substitutions in gpGnRH are accompanied by changes in the guinea pig GnRH receptor. (Endocrinology 143: 1602–1612, 2002)
The Alignment of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Formed by Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide in D2O in a Magnetic Field

The alignment of lyotropic liquid crystals formed by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, where C stands for cetyl) with D2O was studied by the use of 2H NMR. At CTAB/D2O concentrations between 1.01 and 1.29 mol/kg, liquid crystal domains aligned in the magnetic field within a few hours. The dependence of the characteristic alignment time on concentration and temperature has been determined. At higher concentrations, no alignment took place due to the high viscosity of the system. At lower concentrations, the alignment could not be observed by 2H NMR. The addition of sodium salicylate (NaSal), at equal molar concentrations of CTAB and NaSal, changed the orientation of the micelles from parallel to the magnetic field to perpendicular to the field. Line-shape simulations were carried out to give estimates on the rate of exchange between free D2O molecules and those bounded to the micelles, as well as on the deuterium quadrupole splittings for D2O molecules bound to micelles. The dependence of the chara...
The presence of two distinct 8-oxoguanine repair enzymes in human cells: Their potential complementary roles in preventing mutation

8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ionizing radiation, is arguably the most important mutagenic lesion in DNA. This oxidized base, because of its mispairing with A, induces GC-->TA transversion mutations often observed spontaneously in tumor cells. The human cDNA encoding the repair enzyme 8-oxoG-DNA glycosylase (OGG-1) has recently been cloned, however, its activity was never detected in cells. Here we show that the apparent lack of this activity could be due to the presence of an 8-oxoG-specific DNA binding protein. Moreover, we demonstrate the presence of two antigenically distinct OGG activities with an identical reaction mechanism in human cell (HeLa) extracts. The 38 kDa OGG-1, identical to the cloned enzyme, cleaves 8-oxoG when paired with cytosine, thymine and guanine but not adenine in DNA. In contrast, the newly discovered 36 kDa OGG-2 prefers 8-oxoG paired with G and A. We propose that OGG-1 and OGG-2 have distinct antimutagenic functions in vivo . OGG-1 prevents mutation by removing 8-oxoG formed in DNA in situ and paired with C, while OGG-2 removes 8-oxoG that is incorporated opposite A in DNA from ROS-induced 8-oxodGTP. We predict that OGG-2 specifically removes such 8-oxoG residues only from the nascent strand, possibly by utilizing the same mechanism as the DNA mismatch repair pathway.
Affective disturbances in psychometrically defined schizotypy across direct, but not indirect assessment modes

Abstract Affective disturbances in social domains are characteristic features and potential vulnerability markers of schizophrenia-spectrum pathology. The present study employed a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to understanding affect in individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy and the controls. Measures were employed assessing trait and state social affective experiences across direct — involving explicit deliberative responses, and indirect domains — involving implicit, behavioral or otherwise non-deliberative responses. The indirect assessments included a modified Implicit Association Test and computerized lexical analysis of natural speech procured during a laboratory speech task. Our affect measures were also unique in that they allowed for separate measurement of pleasant and unpleasant affect. On all direct trait and “in-the-moment” state measures of social affect, individuals with schizotypy reported dramatically decreased pleasant and increased unpleasant affect compared to controls. This was not the case for the indirect measures, which indicated no significant group differences. This pattern was generally consistent regardless of positive, negative and disorganized schizotypal trait severity. These data suggest that affective deficits in schizotypy reflect deliberative rather than implicit/automatic processes. Implications of these findings are discussed.
The Promise and Perils of Near-Regular Texture

Motivated by the low structural fidelity for near-regular textures in current texture synthesis algorithms, we propose and implement an alternative texture synthesis method for near-regular texture. We view such textures as statistical departures from regular patterns and argue that a thorough understanding of their structures in terms of their translation symmetries can enhance existing methods of texture synthesis. We demonstrate the perils of texture synthesis for near-regular texture and the promise of faithfully preserving the regularity as well as the randomness in a near-regular texture sample.
Bactericidal activity of orally available agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Background: The recent proliferation of community-acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) has led to a marked increase in the need for outpatient treatment of MRSA infections. Many oral agents active against MRSA have been available for years, and a paucity of literature compares them, leaving physicians with little guidance for choosing among them. The purpose of the present study was to comparethebactericidaleffectsoforallyavailableantibioticsagainstMRSAandtodeterminewhetherthere were differences in antimicrobial killing activity against CA-MRSA and hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA isolates. Methods: A total of 12 unique patient MRSA isolates were studied. Six strains were CA, carrying the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) type IVa, while six were HA and carried SCCmec type II. Time–kill methods were used to study the bactericidal activity of the orally available antimicrobials linezolid, rifampicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, minocycline, and moxifloxacin alone and in combination in vitro. Results: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was rapidly bactericidal resulting in >2 log10 cfu/mL decrease at 8 h and >3 log10 cfu/mL decrease at 24 h in vitro. No antibiotic combination exhibited better killing than trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole alone. Adding rifampicin to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole showed a trendtowardsantagonism invitro.Therewerenodifferencesinthebactericidalactivityofanyantimicrobial or antimicrobial combination against MRSA isolates carrying SCCmec type IVa versus those carrying SCCmec type II.
Measurements of Seasonal Changes in Vegetation Reflectance Spectra

Seasonal changes in leaf reflectance and spectral indices are measured for leaves from a Norway maple tree growing in eastern New England. Measurements were made in the laboratory between September 11 and November 2, 2007. Reflectance measurements of one and four leaf stacks were made using an ASD spectrometer. The four leaf stacks were optically thicker than one leaf stacks and appear to be closer to typical canopy reflectance. Time series measurements for NDVI and water indices show very small standard deviation for individual days, with greater variability between measurement days. Compared to measurements reported in the literature, the measurements show a relatively small seasonal range. Much of the observed day-to-day variability may be due to differences between individual leaves.
Clinical Reasoning: a 51-year-old woman with weakness and stiff neck.

A 51-year-old woman presented to the neuromuscular clinic for evaluation of predominantly proximal bilateral lower limb weakness that had slowly progressed for 5 years. However, her husband noted that for at least 20–30 years she has had a waddling gait. She denied upper limb weakness, ptosis, diplopia, bulbar symptoms, and fluctuations of the weakness. There was no history of myalgia, cramps, or urine discoloration. She had no sensory symptoms, cognitive changes, or cardiorespiratory symptoms.
Maternal and paternal influences on mating frequency in harvester ants

Multiple mating by females is taxonomically widespread and intensively studied from the perspective of why females mate with many males. In many multiply mating species, females can vary substantially in mating frequency, but the causes of this variation are not well understood. We used directed mating to explore the causes of variation in mating frequency in a harvester ant whose queens mate an average of 10 times but where naturally occurring mating frequency ranges from 2 to 15 mates. Matrilines differed in mating frequency and especially in their probability of mating with the first male lineage that they encountered. Differences in matriline mating frequency were not related to differences in female size among matrilines. Male mating success was not correlated with the order in which males encountered females, suggesting that male success may depend on which matrilines they encounter. Our results suggest that variation in mating frequency may be a consequence of differences among matrilines due to additive genetic and/or maternal effects, as has been found in other species.
Structural and Functional Small Fiber Abnormalities in the Neuropathic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

Objective: To define the neuropathology, clinical phenotype, autonomic physiology and differentiating features in individuals with neuropathic and non-neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods: Twenty-four subjects with POTS and 10 healthy control subjects had skin biopsy analysis of intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), quantitative sensory testing (QST) and autonomic testing. Subjects completed quality of life, fatigue and disability questionnaires. Subjects were divided into neuropathic and non-neuropathic POTS, defined by abnormal IENFD and abnormal small fiber and sudomotor function. Results: Nine of 24 subjects had neuropathic POTS and had significantly lower resting and tilted heart rates; reduced parasympathetic function; and lower phase 4 valsalva maneuver overshoot compared with those with nonneuropathic POTS (P<0.05). Neuropathic POTS subjects also had less anxiety and depression and greater overall self-perceived health-related quality of life scores than non-neuropathic POTS subjects. A sub-group of POTS patients (cholinergic POTS) had abnormal proximal sudomotor function and symptoms that suggest gastrointestinal and genitourinary parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction. Conclusions and Relevance: POTS subtypes may be distinguished using small fiber and autonomic structural and functional criteria. Patients with non-neuropathic POTS have greater anxiety, greater depression and lower healthrelated quality of life scores compared to those with neuropathic POTS. These findings suggest different pathophysiological processes underlie the postural tachycardia in neuropathic and non-neuropathic POTS patients. The findings have implications for the therapeutic interventions to treat this disorder.
Nontoric Hamiltonian Circle Actions On Four-Dimensional Symplectic Orbifolds

We construct four-dimensional symplectic orbifolds admitting Hamiltonian circle actions with isolated fixed points, but not admitting any Hamiltonian action of a two-torus. One example is linear, and one example is compact. In this note we construct four-dimensional symplectic orbifolds admitting Hamiltonian circle actions with isolated fixed points, but not admitting any Hamiltonian action of a two-torus. This work is part of our ongoing attempt to generalize to orbifolds the classification of four-dimensional compact symplectic manifolds with Hamiltonian circle actions due to Ahara and Hattori, Audin and Karshon ([AH], [Au], [K]) and is part of a larger program to understand torus actions of complexity one on orbifolds. The complexity of a Hamiltonian torus action on an orbifold is defined to be the difference between half of the dimension of the orbifold and the dimension of the torus. The complexity zero case (i.e., n-torus actions on 2n-dimensional orbifolds) has been analyzed by Lerman and Tolman [LT]. One of Karshon’s theorems states that if a Hamiltonian circle action on a compact four-dimensional manifold has isolated fixed points, then the action can be extended to the action of a two-torus. It follows that if a compact symplectic four-dimensional manifold has a Hamiltonian circle action with isolated fixed points, then it is a toric variety. One of our orbifolds is compact, proving that Karshon’s result does not generalize to orbifolds. Our result is slightly stronger: not only do the circle actions fail to extend, but the underlying spaces admit no Hamiltonian two-torus action whatsoever. In the first section we consider a compact orbifold that is the quotient of a nonsingular four-dimensional toric variety by a finite group. Specifically, we consider CP×CP modulo an action of the group Z/4Z. The natural Hamiltonian action of the two-torus on CP × CP does not descend to the quotient; however, the action of one circle subgroup does descend, giving the required circle action. In the second section we consider the vector orbi-space C/Γ where Γ is a finite subgroup of U(2) that is not abelian. Here the diagonal action of S on C descends to the orbifold but, due to the nature of the group Γ, there is no possible two-torus Received by the editors July 8, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 58Fxx. The second author was supported in part by a fellowship from the American Association of University Women and NSF grant DMS 9304580. c ©1999 American Mathematical Society
The time-varying association between perceived stress and hunger within and between days

Objective: Examine the association between perceived stress and hunger continuously over a week in free-living individuals. Methods: Forty five young adults (70% women, 30% overweight/obese) ages 18 to 24 years (Mean = 20.7, SD = 1.5), with BMI between 17.4 and 36.3 kg/m2 (Mean = 23.6, SD = 4.0) provided between 513 and 577 concurrent ratings of perceived stress and hunger for 7 days via hourly, text messaging assessments and real-time eating records. Time-varying effect modeling was used to explore whether the within-day fluctuations in stress are related to perceived hunger assessed on a momentary basis. Results: A generally positive stress–hunger relationship was confirmed, but we found that the strength of the relationship was not linear. Rather, the magnitude of the association between perceived stress and hunger changed throughout the day such that only during specific time intervals were stress and hunger significantly related. Specifically, the strength of the positive association peaked during late afternoon hours on weekdays (β = 0.31, p < .05) and it peaked during evening hours on weekend days (β = 0.56, p < .05). Conclusion: This is the first empirical study to demonstrate potentially maladaptive, nonlinear stress–hunger associations that peak in the afternoon or evening hours. While we are unable to infer causality from these analyses, our findings provide empirical evidence for a potentially high-risk time of day for stress-induced eating. Replication of these findings in larger, more diverse samples will aid with the design and implementation of real-time intervention studies aimed at reducing stress-eating.
Ontoaenetic correlates of diet in anthropoid primates

This study assesses ontogenetic correlates of diet in anthropoid primates. Associations between body weight growth, adult size, and diet are evaluated for a sample of 42 primate species, of which 8 are classifiable as “folivores.” The hypothesis that folivores show a pattern of growth that differs from “nonfolivores” is tested. Ontogenetic variation is summarized through use of parametric and nonparametric regression analysis. Several analytical techniques, including broad interspecific and detailed comparisons among species of similar adult size, are applied. This investigation indicates a clear association between body weight ontogeny and diet: folivorous species grow more rapidly over a shorter duration than comprably sized nonfolivorus species. A positive correlation between adult size and diet is not unambiguously established in this sample. A threshold (at around 1 kg) below which insectivory is very common may adequately characterize the association between adult size and diet in anthropoid primates. Above this threshold, adult size does not appear to covary predictably with diet. Evolutionary correlates of the ontogenetic pattern seen in folivores may include a variety of factors. The distinctive pattern of development in folivores may relate to the profile of ecological and social risks that these species face. Morphophysiological advantages to rapid growth may relate to a need for accelerated alimentary (dental and gut) development. The implications of ontogenetic variation in folivores are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Marriage, Cohabitation and Childcare: The US and Sweden

Previous U.S. research has linked higher levels of parental time investment in their chil dren with higher levels of child well-being (e.g., Hofferth 2006). The findings imply that inequality in parental investment by social structure could lead to inequality in child well being. Parental union type has been identified as one such factor (Hofferth and Anderson 2003). Suggestive U.S. evidence is available that both married mothers and fathers spend more time with their children than their cohabiting counterparts (Hofferth 2006). At the same time, evidence from the United Kingdom suggests that there is little difference in parental investment between marriage and cohabitation (Kalenkoski et al. 2005). This conflicting and fragmentary evidence from the U.S. and the U.K. suggests the possibility that there is cross-national variation in the presence of differentials in parental investment across union types. However, previous cross-national studies of child care time (e.g., Gauthier et al. 2004; Hook 2006) have not systematically investigated these union type differentials. Testing for the presence of marriage-cohabitation gaps in the U.S. and Sweden are particularly useful; these countries provide contrasting national contexts in which marriage and cohabitation are placed. Sweden is characterized as a cultural-insti tutional setting that tends to treat marriage and cohabitation as similar unions (Bradley 1996). However, in the U.S., relative to marriage, cohabitation is characterized by more frequently disrupted unions (e.g., Biblarz et al. 1997), with more ambiguous parenting responsibilities (e.g., Artis 2007), potentially suppressing the relative level of parental investment in parental cohabitation. The aim of this analysis is to test two main hypotheses regarding cross-national union gaps: (1) The universal difference hypothesis that posits that, because cohabitation is a more frequently interrupted union with more ambiguity in parenting responsibilities, parents spend fewer minutes with their children in cohabitation than parents in marriage. (2) In contrast, the institutional context hypothesis posits that, only in institutional settings where cohabitation is considered to be an "unequal" marriage do cohabiting parents spend
Environmental effects on germination of Carex utriculata and Carex nebrascensis relative to riparian restoration

Seasonal riparian seedbed temperatures were measured and germination of Carex utriculata and C. nebrascensis seeds was tested in relation to chilling, perigynia removal, incubation temperature, and light to help guide propagation and direct seeding of these species for riparian restoration. Diurnal temperatures of riparian seedbeds at two sites in Strawberry Valley, Utah, USA ranged from 3.1 to 11.2° C in May to 9.5 to 24.1° C in August when water was generally available for seed germination. Pre-incubation treatments of chilling at 5° C for 7 to 150 days and perigynia removal increased germination of 2-year-old seeds of these species but were not necessary for high germination percentages (>89%) when seeds were incubated in light under a summer temperature regime (10 to 24° C). Seeds aged 0.5 and 1.5 years had lower germination percentages than 2-year-old seed but also had adequate germination percentages (>20%) for greenhouse propagation without pre-treatments when incubated in light at the summer temperature regime. After 5.5 years of storage at room temperatures, germination of C. utriculata was negligible, but that of C. nebrascensis was >35%. Seeds of both species that were overwintered in seed bags in riparian microsites had high germination percentages (>80%) when retrieved the following summer and incubated at a summer temperature regime in light. Althoug direct seeding in fall would allow natural chilling and potentially high germination percentages the following spring or summer, the risk of seed loss or excessive burial is great during high spring stream flows. A better strategy is to surface-seed wet seedbeds in early summer after peak flows have receded and temperature and light conditions are conducive to high germination percentages.
The NACADA Journal 1981-1997: Fulfilling Its Purpose?.

This article traces the history and content of the NACADA Journal through an analysis of its 33 published issues. Over the past 18 years of its existence, the Journal has been the purveyor of important information about many topics relevant to the field of academic advising. An extensive analysis of the Journal's content, such as number and length of articles, type of author (s), methodologies, and references cited by authors is provided. Prominent advising themes and trends during two decades are revealed through this study of the Journal.
Wall-to-Wall Carpet Goes Cradle-to-Cradle

Shaw Industries, a leading U.S. global manufacturer of floor coverings produced EcoWorx technology to create a carpet tile that is PVC-free and able to be recycled, upon return to the company, as a carpet tile of equal quality and performance. A Green Chemistry innovation, the company has created a sustainable business innovation that cut costs, improves revenues, positively influences health and the environment, improves the brand, and enhances Shaw's strategic positioning going forward.
Barriers to Diversity: Why Do So Few African American Men Go into Medicine?

Despite efforts to increase diversity in the US physician workforce, African American men comprise only 2% of the student population, which is the lowest percentage of medical school matriculants of all major racial groups. These data confirm the disparity in educational attainment that begins early in school experiences with low rates of high school and college graduation and lack of entry into science-related fields or graduate studies such as medicine. Research suggests that this disparity has important negative consequences in the areas of educational and economic opportunities for these men, for patient care, for research into topics of importance to the African American community, and for the cultural competence of the medical community as a whole. Looking through the dual lenses of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model and Critical Race Theory, this paper elucidates the complex causes of this disparity and presents potential solutions.
NONESTROGENIC DRUGS AND BREAST CANCER

The relation between breast cancer and selected nonestrogenic drugs was evaluated in the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington, a prepaid health care organization with computerized information on diagnoses and outpatient drug use. No important positive associations with breast cancer were found in a follow-up study of 302 women aged 35-74 years. These women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer in 1977-1980 and were studied in relation to exposure in the six months prior to diagnosis to one or more of the following drugs: diazepam, digitalis glycosides, medroxyprogesterone acetate, methyldopa, metronidazole, phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, thiazides, thyroid/levothyroxine sodium, or spironolactone. A modest association between recent reserpine use and breast cancer was present (risk ratio = 1.7, 90% confidence interval 0.9-3.3).
Status of the Rust Genera Allopuccinia, Leucotelium, Edythea, And Ypsilospora

(1948). Status of the Rust Genera Allopuccinia, Leucotelium, Edythea, And Ypsilospora. Mycologia: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 417-422.
Polaron Mobility and Disordering of the Sodium Sublattice in Triphylite-NaxFePO4

The interplay between sodium ordering and electron mobility in NaxFePO4 was investigated using a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectrometry. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out for a range of temperatures between 298 and 553 K. Rietveld analysis of the diffraction patterns was used to determine the temperature of sodium redistribution on the lattice. This diffraction analysis also gives new information about the phase stability of the system. Mossbauer spectra were collected in the same temperature range. An analysis of the temperature evolution of the spectral shapes was used to identify the onset of fast electron hopping and determine the polaron hopping rate. The temperature evolution of the iron site occupancies from the Mossbauer measurements, combined with the synchrotron diffraction results, shows a relationship between the onset of fast electron dynamics and the loss of local order on the sodium sublattice.
Interpretation of gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns.

This article analyzes the various gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes and emphasizes the clinical correlation.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome associated with the use of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide acetate

Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome occurred after the administration of LA to suppress multicystic ovaries. It is possible that this patient with multiple ovarian cysts, each 2 to 3 cm in size, is at increased risk for a paradoxical stimulatory rather than inhibitory response to GnRH-a.
Two-photon absorption detected by thermal diffraction

Absorption of radiation from an interference pattern formed at the intersection of two laser beams can be used to create a thermal grating in a sample.1 In solvents having a temperature-dependent index of refraction, a volume-index grating results. The grating wave vector is given by K = 2π(sinϕ)/λe for excitation beams of wavelength λe and intersection angle 2ϕ.
Fuel/Engine Interactions

Conventional fossil fuels will constitute the majority of automotive fuels for the foreseeable future but will have to adapt to changes in engine technology. Unconventional transport fuels such as biofuels, gas-to-liquid fuels, compressed natural gas, and liquid petroleum gas will also play a role. Hydrogen might be a viable transport fuel if it overcomes barriers in production, transport, storage, and safety and/or if fuel cells become viable. This book opens by considering these issues and then introduces practical transport fuels. A chapter on engine deposits follows, which is an important practical topic about how fuels affect engines that is not usually considered in other books. The next three chapters discuss auto-ignition phenomena in engines. The auto-ignition resistance of fuels is the most important fuel property since it limits the efficiency of spark ignition engines and determines the performance of compression ignition engines. Moreover, the manufacture of fuels is primarily driven by the need to meet auto-ignition quality demands set by fuel specifications. The final chapter considers the implications for future fuels. The book covers the many important ways that fuels and engines interact and why and how fuels will need to change to meet the requirements of future engines, as well as the implications for fuels manufacture and specifications.
Looking at OER with a Critical Eye: Strengthening OER Initiatives by Focusing on Student Learning

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses aspects of adopting, adapting, and building Open Educational Resources (OER) that have the potential to influence student learning but are sometimes overlooked by OER advocates. The author makes recommendations for ensuring that OER initiatives have a positive impact on student learning and argues that librarians can be effective advocates for student learning by taking a leadership role in the OER discussion on campus.
Machine learning for digital pulse shape discrimination

Accurate discrimination of neutrons and gamma rays is critical for organic scintillation detectors, especially for detection systems where minimal false-alarm rates are paramount (nuclear non-proliferation). Poor pulse shape discrimination (PSD) necessitates long measurement times, and may also cause inaccurate characterization of emitted neutrons, leading to source misidentification. Digital, data-acquisition, measurement systems using a charge-integration PSD method are commonly used for particle classification. A 2-D, charge-integration PSD method tends to be reasonably accurate, although the separation is typically poor at lower energies (below - 500-keV neutron energy deposited). The charge-integration method originated in analog systems; however, with digital measurement systems there is no need to restrict to only two features (for instance, tail and total integrals) of the pulse. Instead, a classifier may be a much more complex function of the measured pulse. In this work, we apply a machine-learning methodology; namely, the support vector machine (SVM), to determine a PSD classifier. We show that the SVM method leads to improved detection performance with respect to the charge-integration method. We also apply a recently developed methodology that gives more accurate performance estimates by accounting for the fact that the training data needed for the SVM are 'contaminated'.
High definition clonal analysis of clinical vulnerabilities in carcinoma genomes

B39 It is hypothesized that cancer cells are dependent on selected genomic aberrations for their development and evolution during the natural history of the disease. However normal cell infiltration and clonal heterogeneity of cancer cells in clinical tumors can greatly interfere with efforts to detect and resolve DNA copy number alterations. Furthermore, in addition to masking critical genomic aberrations, the clonal mixtures of neoplastic cell populations present in patient samples make it prohibitively difficult to discern which genomic aberrations occur concurrently and comprehensively define the genomic contexts of patient samples. Here we show that flow sorting nuclei of neoplastic cells that represent distinct clonal populations and scanning the genomes of each clone with 60mer oligonucleotide 244k CGH arrays resolves the complexities of primary carcinoma samples. We identified distinct copy number aberrations in pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PA) and adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) clonal samples including homozygous deletions, focal amplifications targeting known (AKT2 19q13.2, c-MYC 8q24.21) and putative oncogenes (TSK1 9p13.3, RIOK3 18q11.2) in both tissues, and interstitial deletions that were previously obscured by the complexity of unsorted tumor samples. There were multiple examples of aberrations that were concurrent in the same clone revealing novel contexts in patient samples. For example a pancreatic adenocarcinoma sample had homozygous deletion in both SMAD2 (18q21.1) and SMAD3 (15q22.33) in the same 2.3N clone. Furthermore, intragenic transitions in copy numbers associated with known and novel gene-specific rearrangements were detected in multiple samples. Knowledge mining using a variety of informatic tools and databases reveals mechanistic and functional links between multiple concurrent genomic alterations in the patient specific clonal data. Genes and networks disrupted by these clonal aberrations are being evaluated by high throughput RNAi phenotype profiling experiments to determine which of the genes are essential for PA cell survival, and which might regulate response to Gemcitabine. The high definition analyses of clonal lineages in primary carcinoma samples may have significant implications for the application and development of patient specific treatments that target oncogenic vulnerabilities.
A mixed-methods evaluation of an Integrated Medication Management program and implications for implementation.

Abstract Background Improving medication adherence is a common and challenging issue. Taking medications as prescribed becomes particularly difficult for individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Poor adherence can lead to exacerbated health issues and prolonged disease severity. Medication Therapy Management is increasingly being used to help clinics improve medication adherence and reduce adverse events, but factors that enable implementation of such programs are not well identified. Objective To describe the factors associated with implementation of an innovative pharmacy program and to measure the impact of the intervention. Methods This mixed-methods cohort study in a federal qualified health center with its own pharmacy examined the implementation and the impact of a broad program including MTM. The intervention included appointments with pharmacists, communication between pharmacists and physicians, and, for some, monthly pre-packaged medications. Semi-structured interviews with patients and staff were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes relating to implementation, satisfaction, and challenges. Quantitative methods using data collected by the pharmacists at each visit were used to compare the first visit to those at later visits and provided measures of impact on diabetes control, statin use, and medication-related problems (MRPs). Results Qualitative interviews identified enabling factors that contributed to successful implementation of this program, including: program factors such as data access, communication with patients, and dedicated staff; organizational factors such as culture of integration, leadership support, and staffing; and lastly, environmental factors such as the availability of 340B funding. Quantitative analyses were limited by poor retention and lack of a similarly-documented comparison group. Health outcomes were not found to be significantly better, though there was a significant decrease in some kinds of MRPs. This program was well received by patients and staff and demonstrated some clinical impact. Conclusion The program's implementation was enabled by design as well as organizational and external factors. Financial and leadership support allowed for flexibility and creativity, which contributed to successful implementation. Alternative delivery models beyond fee-for-service payments may make this kind of program more feasible.