cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely low birth weight infants with a normal head ultrasound: prevalence and antecedents.

Objective. Severe abnormalities of the head ultrasound (HUS) are important predictors of cerebral palsy (CP) and mental retardation, and a normal HUS usually ensures the absence of major impairments. With the increasing survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants (birth weight Methods. Study infants were ELBW infants who were cared for in Neonatal Research Network centers in the years 1995–1999, had a normal early and late HUS, survived to discharge, and returned for follow-up assessments at 18 to 22 months9 corrected age. The outcomes of interest were a score Results. Of 1749 infants with a normal early and late HUS (performed at a mean age of 6 and 47 days, respectively), 1473 (84%) returned for follow-up assessment. Infants had a birth weight of 792 ± 134 g (mean ± SD) and gestational age of 26 ± 2 weeks. Rates of CP and MDI Conclusions. Nearly 30% of ELBW infants with a normal HUS had either CP or a low MDI. Risk factors that are associated with this high rate of adverse outcomes include pneumothorax, prolonged exposure to mechanical ventilation, and educational and economic disadvantage. Improvements in pulmonary care to reduce duration of ventilation and avoid air leaks might improve neurodevelopmental outcome for ELBW infants.
Short Term and Total Life Impact analysis of email worms in computer systems

This paper develops a methodology for analyzing and predicting the impact category of malicious code, particularly email worms. The current paper develops two frameworks to classify email worms based on their detrimental impact. The first framework, the Total Life Impact (TLI) framework is a descriptive model or classifier to categorize worms in terms of their impact, after the worm has run its course. The second framework, the Short Term Impact (STI) framework, allows for prediction of the impact of the worm utilizing the data available during the early stages in the life of a worm. Given the classification, this study identifies the issue of how well the STI framework allows for prediction of the worm into its final impact category based on data that are available in early stages as well as whether the predicted value from Short Term Impact framework valid statistically and practically.
Female sex workers incarcerated in New York City jails: prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and associated risk behaviors

Objectives Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an important cause of morbidity among incarcerated women and female sex workers (FSW). Little is known about FSW incarcerated in New York City (NYC) jails. We reviewed jail health records to identify the STI and HIV prevalence among newly incarcerated FSW in NYC jails. We also examined the relationship of demographics and self-reported clinical and risk behaviour history with FSW status and compared FSW with non-FSW incarcerated women to identify FSW predictors and, guide NYC jail programme planning and policy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed routinely collected jail health record data to identify the prevalence of chlamydia (Ct), gonorrhoea (Ng) and HIV infection among women newly incarcerated in NYC jails in 2009–2010 (study period) and studied the relationship of STIs, demographics and self-reported clinical and risk behaviour history with FSW status. Results During the study period, 10 828 women were newly incarcerated in NYC jails. Of these, 10 115 (93%) women were tested for Ct and Ng; positivity was 6.2% (95% CI 5.7% to 6.7%) and 1.7% (95% CI 1.4% to 1.9%), respectively. Nine percent had HIV infection. Seven hundred (6.5%) were defined as FSW. FSW were more likely to have Ct (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.55; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.05; p<0.0001) but not Ng or HIV. FSW were more likely to report age 20–24 years, reside in boroughs other than Manhattan, ≥6 prior incarcerations, ≥2 incarcerations during the study period, condom use with current sex partners, multiple sex partners and current drug use. Conclusions Women incarcerated in NYC jails had high rates of Ct, Ng, and HIV infection. FSW were at higher risk for Ct than non-FSW incarcerated women. These findings are being used to design targeted interventions to identify FSW, provide clinical and preventive services in jail and coordinate care with community partners.
Architecting the system of systems enterprise: Enabling constructs and methods from the field of engineering systems

Engineering systems is a field of scholarship focused on developing fundamental theories and methods to address the challenges of large-scale complex systems in context of their socio-technical environments. The authors describe facets of their recent and ongoing research within the field of engineering systems to develop constructs and methods for architecting enterprises engaged in system-of-systems (SoS) engineering,. The ultimate goal of the research is to develop a framework for characterizing, designing, and evaluating SoS enterprise architectures throughout the system lifespan as various forces result in entering/exiting of constituent systems, changing environment, and shifting enterprise profile. The nature of systems-of-systems demands constructs for multi-dimensional architectural descriptions, as well as methods for design and evaluation that employ dynamic approaches. In this paper, two important elements in an emerging framework are described, including a holistic enterprise architecting framework and an epoch-based analysis method for examining possible futures of the SoS enterprise.
Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis of the elbow: A posterior approach

Abstract Background Identification of fluid in the elbow joint by physical examination alone can be challenging. Ultrasound can assist in the diagnosis of elbow effusion, and guide aspiration of the effusion. Objectives We illustrate the anatomy and ultrasound guidance technique of a posterior approach to elbow arthrocentesis using examples of normal and pathologic elbow joint ultrasound images. Discussion The posterior distal humerus at the level of the olecranon fossa provides an excellent acoustic window into the joint space. This location also provides a safe path for the performance of ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis of the elbow from a posterior approach is a helpful technique to guide the aspiration of the painful swollen elbow.
A Reliability Study for Evaluating Information Extraction from Radiology Reports

Goal: To assess the reliability of a reference standard for an information extraction task. Setting: Twenty-four physician raters from two sites and two specialties judged whether clinical conditions were present based on reading chest radiograph reports. Methods: Variance components, generalizability (reliability) coefficients, and the number of expert raters needed to generate a reliable reference standard were estimated. Results: Per-rater reliability averaged across conditions was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.79 - 0.81). Reliability for the nine individual conditions varied from 0.67 to 0.97, with central line presence and pneumothorax the most reliable, and pleural effusion (excluding CHF) and pneumonia the least reliable. One to two raters were needed to achieve a reliability of 0.70, and six raters, on average,
Algorithm for the computation of decentralized fixed modes

The relationship between the residue matrix of the open-loop transfer function of the system and decentralized fixed modes (DFM) is explored. It is shown that there are only (p/sup 2/-p/sup 1/+1) possible partitions for the control stations where p/sub 1/ and p/sub 2/ are the number of the stations from which the mode is controllable, and the number of the stations at which the mode is unobservable, respectively. These partitions can be determined from the residue matrix. Nearly decentralized fixed modes (NDFM) are defined in terms of near uncontrollability and near observability and the residues of the subsystems associated with these modes. An algorithm for the computation of both DFM and NDFM is developed. Two examples to illustrate the proposed technique are given. >
A framework for systematic benchmarking of monitoring and diagnostic systems

In this paper, we present an architecture and a formal framework to be used for systematic benchmarking of monitoring and diagnostic systems and for producing comparable performance assessments of different diagnostic technologies. The framework defines a number of standardized specifications, which include a fault catalog, a library of modular test scenarios, and a common protocol for gathering and processing diagnostic data. At the center of the framework are 13 benchmarking metric definitions. The calculation of metrics is illustrated on a probabilistic model-based diagnosis algorithm utilizing Bayesian reasoning techniques. The diagnosed system is a real-world electrical power system, namely the Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT) developed and located at the NASA Ames Research Center. The proposed benchmarking approach shows how to generate realistic diagnostic data sets for large-scale, complex engineering systems, and how the generated experimental data can be used to enable ldquoapples to applesrdquo assessments of the effectiveness of different diagnostic and monitoring algorithms.
FINITE-DIFFERENCE SOLUTION OF FORCED CONVECTION FROM A HOT-FILM PROBE IN A REVERSING FLOW

A finite-difference solution of the unsteady boundary-layer equations is described for a periodically reversing flow parallel to the axis of a thin cylinder with a heated spanwise strip. The application is to the calibration of hot-film probes used for in vivo blood flow velocity measurements. The numerical results are compared with experimental and analytic results of previous investigations. The present results do not fully explain the large phase shift in heat transfer rate between theory and experiment found in a previous study. However, this phase shift is reduced in cases involving backflow. The results further indicate that inclusion of lateral diffusion and transverse curvature does not significantly affect phase as previously suggested, but that they are important factors in determining the magnitude of the heat transfer rate and hence, the magnitude of the measured velocity.
GRASP55 Regulates Golgi Ribbon Formation

Recent work indicates that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1 signaling at the G2/M cell cycle transition unlinks the contiguous mammalian Golgi apparatus and that this regulates cell cycle progression. Here, we sought to determine the role in this pathway of Golgi reassembly protein (GRASP)55, a Golgi-localized target of MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation at mitosis. In support of the hypothesis that GRASP55 is inhibited in late G2 phase, causing unlinking of the Golgi ribbon, we found that HeLa cells depleted of GRASP55 show a fragmented Golgi similar to control cells arrested in G2 phase. In the absence of GRASP55, Golgi stack length is shortened but Golgi stacking, compartmentalization, and transport seem normal. Absence of GRASP55 was also sufficient to suppress the requirement for MEK1 in the G2/M transition, a requirement that we previously found depends on an intact Golgi ribbon. Furthermore, mimicking mitotic phosphorylation of GRASP55 by using aspartic acid substitutions is sufficient to unlink the Golgi apparatus in a gene replacement assay. Our results implicate MEK1/ERK regulation of GRASP55-mediated Golgi linking as a control point in cell cycle progression.
Experimental Evaluation of Factors Affecting Temporal Variability of Water Samples Obtained from Long-Screened Wells

As a well is pumped through time, concentrations of specific constituents in the water discharging from the well may change as a result of their transport within the well and the aquifer. A series of experiments conducted at a research site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, examined the effects of transport on the chemistry of water samples obtained from a long-screened well. Analyses of time series of constituent concentrations in water pumped from the long-screened well showed persistent temporal trends during the first experiment. Iron concentrations decreased over a five-hour test (15 casing volumes), whereas the calcium and magnesium concentrations increased. In contrast, the time series of constituent concentrations of water discharging from the same well showed less change with time during a later experiment. Numerical simulations were undertaken to test the relative importance of several possible factors affecting the temporal variations of these constituents. During the process of quantitatively explaining the changes in concentrations over time observed in the two experiments, different system conceptualizations were used, including (1) flow and transport in the aquifer without wellbore transport, (2) flow and transport in the aquifer with advective flow and transport in the wellbore, and (3) flow and transport in the aquifer with advective flow and transport in the wellbore and a thin layer (skin) of water surrounding the well with constituent concentrations that had been altered by the presence of the well. The conjectured skin of wellbore water, which could have invaded the aquifer because of nearby sampling or dispersion and diffusion near the wellbore, in conjunction with flow and transport in the aquifer and advective transport within the wellbore, produced a reasonable match between the simulated and observed concentrations. The data analysis confirms the known fact that long-screened wells provide mechanisms for the redistribution of chemical constituents in the aquifer. The analysis provides new insight into the mechanisms responsible for the observed changes in concentrations during the sampling of long-screened wells. The analysis quantifies the effects of the various conceptual models of flow and transport in and around wells on the interpretation and meaning of chemical analyses of water withdrawn from long-screened wells.
Towards chunking as a general learning mechanism

Chunks have long been proposed as a basic organizational unit for human memory. More recently chunks have been used to model human learning on simple perceptual-motor skills. In this paper we describe recent progress in extending chunking to be a general learning mechanism by implementing it within a general problem solver. Using the Soar problem-solving architecture, we take significant steps toward a general problem solver that can learn about all aspects of its behavior. We demonstrate chunking in Soar on three tasks: the Eight Puzzle, Tic-Tac-Toe, and a part of the R1 computer-configuration task. Not only is there improvement with practice, but chunking also produces significant transfer of learned behavior, and strategy acquisition.
The Great Escape: Phosphorylation of Ena/VASP by PKA Promotes Filopodial Formation

The Ena/VASP family of proteins consists of adaptor molecules that localize to subcellular sites of actin polymerization. The role of Ena/VASP proteins in the regulation of cell motility and axon outgrowth has been controversial. Recently, these proteins have been proposed to function as "anticapping" factors, which may have differential effects on filopodial versus lammelipodial actin-based protrusions. A study by Lebrand et al. in this issue of Neuron supports this model and identifies PKA as a key regulator of Ena/VASP function downstream of the chemoattractant Netrin.
Cell-cell communication during collective migration.

Cell motility plays a critical role in many biological and medical processes, including wound healing, morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis (1). Often, this movement is guided by external chemical cues in the form of chemoattractant gradients. These cues consist of diffusive chemoattractant molecules that bind to surface receptors on the cell membrane and activate intracellular signaling pathways, resulting in a polarized asymmetric cell that chemotaxes in the direction of higher chemoattractant concentrations. How chemotaxis works on a single-cell level has been the subject of many detailed experimental and modeling studies (2, 3). In most physiologically relevant cases, however, cells do not move in isolation but, instead, move in groups. This collective motion is a process that is not yet well understood and may play a critical role in the spreading of cancer (4). In particular, it is not clear whether cells that move within a group communicate with each other and, if so, how this cell–cell communication affects the directionality of the group. In PNAS, Ellison et al. (5) performed experiments that suggest that cell–cell communication plays a critical role in branching morphogenesis of the epithelial tissue in mammary glands. Furthermore, in a companion PNAS study, they present a mathematical model of this communication and derive the fundamental limits of the precision of gradient sensing of this model (6). The experiments by Ellison et al. (5) investigate the collective cellular response of epithelial branches in mammary glands using organoids, 3D in vitro organotypic cultures (7). When placed in a gradient of epidermal growth factor (EGF) Ellison et al. (5) find that the formation and extension of these branches exhibit a significant directional bias toward high EGF concentrations (Fig. 1). Without an EGF gradient, however, branch formation displays no directional bias, implying that the multicellular structure is guided by external … [↵][1]1Email: rappel{at}physics.ucsd.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Casting the Net of Critical Thinking: A Look into the Collegiate Leadership Classroom

As the leadership classroom is becoming more diverse in the student demographic make-up it is important to establish what the impacts of those differences are on learning leadership. In this paper the essential element of leadership analyzed was critical thinking disposition. Participants were analyzed for differences in critical thinking disposition by the selected demographics of age, gender, GPA, honors enrollment, and major college classification. Using the EMI, it was found that there were no statistical differences in the total disposition constructs of innovativeness, cognitive maturity, or engagement. There were, however, differences in individual statements and mean scores. Considering the classroom landscape, an educator must often move beyond statistical significance to identify means which meet student needs. In essence, some of the most subtle differences in students create the biggest challenges. Research findings are used to make recommendations for increasing student capacity for critical thinking in the collegiate leadership classroom.
Addicted to the Thrill of the Virtual Hunt: Examining the Effects of Internet Addiction on the Cyberstalking Behaviors of Juveniles

ABSTRACTThe rapid advancement of technology has produced several substantial benefits that enrich individuals’ lives, but some also note that technology has provided new methods to engage in crime—particularly stalking. This investigation was one of the first to explore whether a relationship existed between cyberstalking and a new phenomenon becoming a pressing issue in the lives of adolescents: Internet Addiction. High school students in a rural North Carolina country were surveyed about their Internet behaviors and experiences. After analysis, the results indicated there is a significant relationship between Internet Addiction and cyberstalking in adolescents.
Field Evaluation of Acaricides for Control of Oligonychus ununguis in Fraser Fir Plantations

Thirteen acaricides were evaluated for the control of the spruce spider mite in Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations in northwest North Carolina. Dimethoate, ethion, dicofol, and carbophenothion gave effective control when applied at the same rate by both hydraulic sprayer and mist blower. Oxydemeton-methyl also demonstrated good efficacy when applied by hydraulic spray.
Evaluating the Suitability of MSW Compost as a Soil Amendment in Field-Grown Tomatoes

▪ Source separated municipal solid waste compost was applied in the field at two rates (25 and 50 T/A) and planted with tomatoes. Average yield (lbs/plant) from plots amended with 50 T/A MSW compost was 38 percent greater when compared to the unamended control. Yields from plots amended with 25 T/A MSW compost increased 23 percent. The average number of tomatoes per plant and the average weight of each tomato were also greater from the compost-amended plots. The addition of 50 T/A MSW compost raised the pH of the soil from 5.4 to 6.2 and increased the percent organic matter 38 percent.
SC-37THE ROLE OF NG2 EXPRESSING PROGENITOR CELLS IN DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA

Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat. pLys27Met (K27M) driver mutation in the H3F3A (H3.3) and HIST1H3B (H3.1) genes of histone are correlated with a subgroup of DIPGs. Other genomic aberrations include p53 mutations and amplification of signaling pathways including PDGFRα. We have recently reported the involvement of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in a subset of DIPGs. Modulation of Hh and tyrosine kinase receptors may alter the self-renewal properties of cancer stem cells (CSC). NG2 Proteoglycan positive cells that co-express PDGFRα and Olig-2 are present in adult gliomas, where NG2 contributes to the neoplastic transformation of glioma cells. We examined NG2 expression in frozen brainstem specimens of DIPGs and observed significant NG2 expression in DIPGs [10 of 14 (71 %), fold change = 33, p < 0.05)] as compared to the adjacent normal tissue. NG2 expression was associated with histone 3 K27M mutation [8 of 10 (80 %)]. Two mechanisms of NG2 regulation in DIPG were identified: i) histone 3 binds to NG2 promoter, and ii) miR 129-2 negatively regulates NG2. We detected downregulation of miR129-2 in 85.7% (6 of 7) of DIPG tumors compared to normal tissue (FC = -30.79, n = 7 pairs). We also found overall hypermethylation at 8 CpG loci corresponding to the miR129-2 promoter. NG2 knockdown in vitro (shRNA, miR129-2 or demethylating drugs) retards cellular migration. Luciferase assay in primary mouse glioma cells co-transfected with 3'UTR of NG2 and miR129-2 revealed regulation of NG2 by miR129-2. This was further confirmed in vivo by injection of NG2-dsRed transgenic mice with mir129-2 lentivirus. Orthotopic injection of NG2+ cells results in rapid tumor formation while NG2-KD cells fail to form tumors. Our study offers a potential model for the expansion of tumor stem cells and their self-renewal properties in DIPGs.
Geologic record of partial ocean evaporation triggered by giant asteroid impacts, 3.29–3.23 billion years ago

Although lunar studies suggest that large asteroid impact rates in the inner solar system declined to their present low levels at 3.8–3.7 Ga, recent studies in greenstone belts indicate that asteroids 20 km to 70+ km in diameter were still striking the Earth as late as 3.2 Ga at rates significantly greater than the values estimated from lunar studies. We here present geologic evidence that two of these terrestrial impacts, at 3.29 Ga and 3.23 Ga, caused heating of Earth’s atmosphere, ocean-surface boiling, and evaporation of tens of meters to perhaps 100 m of seawater. Rapid ocean evaporation resulted in abrupt sea-level drops, erosion of the exposed sea floor, and precipitation of distinctive layers of laminated silica representing marine siliceous sinter. Such events would have severely affected microbial communities, especially among shallow-water and photosynthetic organisms. These large impacts profoundly affected Archean crustal development, surface environment, and biological evolution until 3.2 Ga, or even later.
Pharmacodynamic activity of intravenous E-3174, an angiotensin II antagonist, in patients with essential hypertension.

Losartan potassium (DuP 753), an orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is metabolized to a more potent active metabolite, E-3174, which contributes to losartan's long duration of action. The acute pharmacodynamic actions of intravenous (i.v.) E-3174 (20 mg infused over 4 h) were compared to placebo (vehicle) in two groups of patients with essential hypertension. Patients with supine diastolic blood pressure (SuDBP) of 100 to 120 mm Hg entered a 2-day inpatient phase and received vehicle on day 1. Patients with SuDBP > or = 95 mm Hg were randomized to double-blind treatment the next day. E-3174 significantly (P < .05) reduced SuDBP compared to placebo, beginning at approximately 100 min after the start of the infusion, with a maximum hypotensive effect at 8 h. Supine systolic blood pressure was also reduced by E-3174. Supine and standing heart rates did not differ between treatments. Mean E-3174 plasma levels were 324.6 ng/mL at 20 min and approximately 1000 ng/mL at the end of the 4-h infusion; during this time there was a modest decrease in blood pressure. Following the infusion, the relationship between plasma E-3174 levels and SuDBP was confounded by much larger decreases in blood pressure, which occurred as plasma drug concentrations declined. Urinary excretions of sodium, potassium, or chloride were not significantly altered by E-3174 nor was the fractional excretion of uric acid significantly different between groups. There were no drug-related or serious adverse experiences and no patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse experience.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
What Is Remote Production

Remote or outside broadcast (OB) production can be defined as a multi-camera production occurring outside of a studio context. Remotes come in all sizes. A small remote may consist of a two-camera production operating out of a small production mini-van. A big remote may include 20 or more cameras including a blimp shot and point-of-view (POV) specialty cameras.
Enhancement in CMOS-MEMS Resonator for High Sensitive Temperature Sensing

This paper presents the enhancement in frequency shift per Celsius for high-temperature sensitive applications of microresonators. Using materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion in a substrate and beam, larger axial load on fixed ends are demonstrated. This results in a larger frequency shift with the increase in the ambient temperature. An analytical model is presented that closely matches simulation and measurement results. The 120- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS-MEMS fixed–fixed beam resonators, consisting of multiple metal, dielectric layers, and polysilicon layer, were designed and measured with a center frequency around 640 kHz. A sensitivity up to −2983 Hz/°C is achieved without sacrificing stiffness constant.
How Should Clinicians Respond to Transference Reactions with Cancer Patients

Clinicians should address cancer patients’ transference reactions if those feelings become a source of resistance to treatment to enable patients’ growth.
Portable non-invasive brain-computer interface: challenges and opportunities of optical modalities

The development of portable non-invasive brain computer interface technologies with higher spatio-temporal resolution has been motivated by the tremendous success seen with implanted devices. This talk will discuss efforts to overcome several major obstacles to viability including approaches that promise to improve spatial and temporal resolution. Optical approaches in particular will be highlighted and the potential benefits of both Blood-Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) and Fast Optical Signal (FOS) will be discussed. Early-stage research into the correlations between neural activity and FOS will be explored.
Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization of 5-chloro-pyridine-2,3-di-amine.

The two ortho-amino groups of the title compound, C5H6ClN3, twist out of the plane of the mol­ecule to minimize intra­molecular inter­action between the amino hydrogen atoms. In the crystal, the amino groups and the pyridine N atom engage in inter­molecular hydrogen bonding. The mol­ecules pack into spiral hydrogen-bonded columns with offset face-to-face π-stacking.
Sustainability Ratings and Organizational Legitimacy: The Role of Compensating Tactics

This chapter develops theory concerning how ratings of firms’ business practices are likely to affect firm behavior. More specifically, we draw from established theory on cognitive choice models to posit that sustainability ratings systems may be more likely to promote improved social and environmental performance in non-core practices than in core practices. This improved performance constitutes a form of compensating tactics, as ratings agencies’ analysts may raise their ratings of firms in which poor sustainability performance in core practices remains. The extent to which non-core improvements influence ratings increases, we further argue, is contingent on the visibility of those improvements: improvements marked by higher visibility are more likely to influence ratings increases than lower-visibility improvements. This chapter contributes to a growing body of literature that examines the impact of ratings systems on organizations’ practices, and provides an understanding of the psychological foundations of sustainability through a discussion of cognitive choice models.
31P NMR Chemical Shifts of Solvents and Products Impurities in Biomass Pretreatments

The identification of chemical impurities is crucial in elucidating the structures of biorefinery products using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. In the current biorefinery platform, contaminants derived from pretreatment solvents and decomposition byproducts may lead to misassignment of the NMR spectra of biorefinery products (e.g, lignin and bio-oils). Therefore, we investigated 54 commonly reported compounds including alcohols, carbohydrates, organic acids, aromatics, aldehydes, and ionic liquids associated with biomass pretreatment using 31P NMR. The chemical shifts of these chemicals after derivatizing with 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (TMDP) were provided. The 31P NMR signals of these derivatives could serve as valuable and informative spectral data in characterizing lignocellulose-based compounds.
Native Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement Without Pre-Stenting.

A 31-year-old man with history of tetralogy of Fallot, status post-surgical repair with a transannular patch repair, and patch closure of the ventricular septal defect as a neonate, presented with symptomatic severe pulmonic regurgitation (PR). Additional pertinent medical history included history
High Income Protects Whites but Not African Americans against Risk of Depression.

Background: Built on the Blacks’ diminished return theory, defined as smaller effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on a wide range of health outcomes for African Americans compared to Whites, the current study compared African Americans and Whites for the association between household income and risk of lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: For the current cross-sectional study, we used data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003. With a nationally representative sampling, CPES included 4746 non-Hispanic African Americans and 7587 non-Hispanic Whites. The dependent variables were lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day MDD, measured using Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The independent variable was household income. Age, gender, education, chronic medical conditions, and obesity were covariates. Race was the focal moderator. Logistic regression models were used to test the protective effects of household income against MDD in the overall sample and also by race. Results: In the overall sample, household income was inversely associated with the risk of 12-month and 30-day MDD. We found a significant interaction between race and household income on 12-month and 30-day MDD, suggesting a smaller protective effect of household income against MDD for African Americans compared to Whites. Conclusion: In line with the Blacks’ diminished return theory, household income better protects Whites than African Americans against MDD. The contribution of diminished return of SES as an underlying mechanism behind racial disparities in health in the United States is often overlooked. Additional research is needed on why and how SES resources generate smaller health gain among minority groups.
Embedded Micro-Computer Base Force Plate as an Objective Tool to Measure Hoof Lameness Phases in Multiparous Sows

The objective of this study was to compare differences in weight placed on each hoof from sows in differing lameness phases. Twelve, clinically healthy, mixed-parity, crossbred sows (228.89±19.17 kg) were used. The sow was the experimental unit and a cross-over design with a 2 (hind left and hind right hoof) x 3 (days: D-1, D+1 and D+6) factorial arrangement of treatments were compared. On induction day, 10 mg of amphotericin B were injected in the distal interphalangeal joint space in both claws of one hind hoof. All sows served as their own control and treatment. After completion of the first round, sows were given a 7-day rest period and then the round procedures were repeated with the opposite hind hoof induced. Sows stood individually on an embedded force plate for 15 minutes, and weight on each hoof was measured independently. All data were statistically analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS. On the D+1, sows exhibited less weight bearing on the induced lame hoof compared to D-1 (P < 0.0001). Regardless of which hoof was injected, sow weight distribution did not vary between the injected left or right hind hooves (P = 0.99) or between rounds (P = 0.64). Findings from our study indicate that the embedded force plate exhibited differences between sound and most lame phases indicating the potential as an objective tool for detecting differences in weight distribution when sows are sound and lame.
Librarian Instructors/Physician Searchers: Changing Needs-Changing Roles

Both the librarian and physician are confronted with changing needs and roles. The environment of clinical medicine poses many teaching challenges for medical librarians. Quality end-user searching of the medical literature is of major concern for the physician. They must perform searches within the time constraints of the clinic or are more apt to be searching when the need for expertise is most acute and while little assistance is available. Three significant events have been a catalyst for prompting the physician to become a better searcher of biomedical information: (1) the impact of managed care, seeing more patients in less time; (2) the impact of the world wide web, for information access, interchange and instruction; and (3) the rise of evidence-based medicine; the acknowledgment of the need for objective evidence from the literature to complement education, experience and expert opinion.
Analysis of Receptor Binding and Quantitative Autoradiography

Localizing and quantifying receptors in discrete, small tissue regions requires a method of visualizing these receptors at the light microscopic level combined with a means for measuring receptor number over a wide range. Quantitative autoradiography provides both. This technique requires radioligands with high specific activity that are also very selective for the receptor or receptors in question. A hallmark of such radioligands is a high affinity for the receptor and, usually, a low affinity for other similar receptors. It is also necessary to develop methods to allow selective and measureable labeling of the receptor, similar to any radioligand binding approach. This includes establishing the binding kinetics, both association rate and dissociation rate, under a specific set of conditions and demonstrating the radioligand binds with an appropriate pharmacology. Conditions must also maintain tissue integrity to a sufficient degree to allow identification of particular tissue regions, cellular groupings or nuclei.
Power Module/SiP/3D/Stack/Embedded Packaging Design and Considerations

Over the last 2 decades, power semiconductor technology has made impressive progress by increasing the power density of monolithic and system modules (Trends of power packaging and modeling, 2008; Trends in analog and power packaging, 2009; Challenges of power electronic packaging and modeling, 2011; Short course: analog and power packaging, 2011). This is the primary driving force behind power system in package (SiP), stack die, and 3D power packages with heterogeneous functional integration. For low-power ultraportable applications such as mobile phones and the iPad® tablet, the most critical requirement for the point of load buck converter is its size. There are several ways to build the buck converter power module. The typical approach is to design the product with die side by side placement in a single level module using a QFN or other standard package, but this method cannot get the benefit of smaller package size. Another way is to build the buck converter with stack die or 3D concept, which may significantly reduce the package size to satisfy the power management for portable application. For high power with hybrid integration, side by side die placement power module is the primary design method for motion control such as automotive, railway, wind energy, and so on.
Children’s Westernized Beauty Ideals in China: Notions of Feminine Beauty

This chapter sheds light on the Westernized beauty standards popular in China. Through exploration of popular media for children in China and Chinese art education practices, this chapter discusses how globalizing media, mainly White-dominated Disney cartoons and picture books, affected children’s drawings of female human figures, children’s perceptions of feminine beauty standards, as well as the teaching and learning practices of portrait and figurative drawing and painting for elementary school children in the research area in urban China. The collected data revealed that children in the research site had the preferences toward White mainstream beauty standards, which were evidenced in their drawings of human figures.
Association of EGFR and HER-2 exon 20 mutations with distinct patterns of response to immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

9052Background: Immune checkpoint blockade has led to unprecedented durable clinical benefit in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but response rates are low for patients with targetabl...
Multistep Strongly First Order Phase Transitions from New Fermions at the TeV Scale

In spite of the vast literature on the subject of first order electroweak phase transitions (EWPTs), which can provide the necessary conditions for generating the baryon asymmetry in the Universe, fermion-induced EWPTs still remain a rather uncharted territory. In this paper, we consider a simple fermionic extension of the Standard Model involving one $SU(2{)}_{L}$ doublet and two $SU(2{)}_{L}$ singlet vectorlike leptons, strongly coupled to the Higgs scalar and with masses close to the TeV scale. We show how such a simple scenario can give rise to a nontrivial thermal history of the Universe, involving strongly first order multistep phase transitions occurring at temperatures close to the electroweak scale. Finally, we investigate the distinct gravitational wave (GW) signatures of these phase transitions at future space-based GW detectors, such as LISA, DECIGO, and BBO, and briefly discuss the possible LHC signatures of the vectorlike leptons.
Mismatch negativity reveals plasticity in cortical dynamics after 1-hour of auditory training exercises.

Abstract Background Impaired sensory processing contributes to deficits in cognitive and psychosocial functioning in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Mismatch Negativity (MMN), an event-related potential (ERP) index of sensory discrimination associated with cognitive and psychosocial functioning, is a candidate biomarker of auditory discrimination and thus possibly of changes following auditory-based Targeted Cognitive Training (TCT). Here we evaluated the acute effect of TCT on cortical processes supporting auditory discrimination. Methods MMN was assessed in 28 SZ outpatients before and after a single 1-hour (hr) session of “Sound Sweeps,” a pitch discrimination task that is a component of the TCT suite of exercises. Independent component (IC) analysis was applied to decompose 64-channel scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) activity into spatiotemporally stationary sources and their activities. ICs from all patients were pooled to find commonalities in their cortical locations. IC cluster-mean ERPs were evaluated to determine the clusters contributing to the (140–200 ms) MMN difference between responses to deviant and standard tone stimuli respectively. Results Two frontal IC clusters centered in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) accounted for >77% of MMN variance across all scalp channels. After 1-hr auditory training, significant suppression of ACC cluster contributions was detected, whereas the OFC cluster contribution was unchanged. Conclusions Prior to TCT, the MMN response was dominated by EEG effective sources in or near OFC and ACC. However, after 1-hr of auditory-based TCT, a significant attenuation of ACC was observed, whereas OFC contribution to MMN persisted. The present findings support further trials designed to test whether training-related MMN plasticity in the ACC after 1-hr may predict individual patient response to a full course of TCT.
Salty diabetes: a case series of hypernatremia presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis

Hyponatremia is an expected electrolyte resultant in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) that presents secondary to the dilutional effect of hyperglycemia. However, hypernatremia in DKA is a rare presentation, more common in the pediatric population, that rides poor morbidity and mortality. We describe three cases of patients presenting with DKA and hypernatremia with altered sensorium and share details on pathophysiology and treatment that expand our understanding amongst clinicians.
Chronic Systemic Symptoms in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

The systemic effects and manifestations of disease and treatment have been of interest for millennium. Until recently, basic and clinical research is just now reaching a watershed. Systemic symptoms usually do not occur in isolation but rather in clusters; however, much of the cutting-edge research pertaining to the etiology, mechanism, manifestations, and moderators of systemic symptoms in humans has been directed at individual symptoms, thus creating silos of knowledge. Breaching these silos and bridging the knowledge from disparate arenas of investigation to build a comprehensive depiction of acute and chronic systemic symptoms has been a challenge. In addition, much of the recent work in systemic symptoms has been conducted in the setting of nonmalignant disease. The degree to which the findings from other chronic disease processes can be translated into the oncologic realm is unknown. This article will explore inflammation as a major contributing factor to systemic symptoms and sickness behavior, discuss the most common manifestations in cancer survivors, and, where available, discuss specific data pertaining to head and neck cancer survivors.
Case report: Paradoxical responses to short acting beta-agonists in a pediatric patient.

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common airway diseases that nearly all pediatricians will encounter in their clinical practice. Using spirometry to compare a patient’s forced expiratory vol...
New Therapies for Emerging Endotypes of Asthma.

The presentation, pathobiology, and prognosis of asthma are highly heterogeneous and challenging for clinicians to diagnose and treat. In addition to the adaptive immune response that underlies all...
Role of interventional radiology in intractable bleeding rectal varices

In the setting of portal hypertension, intractable bleeding from anorectal varices is a rare occurrence. In this review, clinical presentation and management of this dilemma are presented in a case-based fashion. Bleeding may occur in the absence of prior history of cirrhosis or gastroesophageal varices and measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient and liver biopsy could help to establish the diagnosis. Successful treatment outcome necessitates tailoring treatment to the patient's anatomy and imaging findings. A multidisciplinary algorithmic approach is also proposed to aid clinicians in this regard.
Characterizing the Transport of Aluminum, Silicon, and Titanium-Containing Particles and Nanoparticles in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke

The most commonly observed forms of aluminum, silicon, and titanium in tobacco products are aluminum silicates (e.g., kaolin), silica, and titanium(IV) oxide. These compounds are neither water soluble nor volatile at cigarette combustion temperatures. Rather, they are transported in mainstream tobacco smoke as particles after being freed by combustion from the tobacco filler and can induce pulmonary inflammation when inhaled. Aluminum silicate particles are the most frequently observed particles in the pulmonary macrophages of smokers and have become known as "smokers' inclusions." A relatively new technique, single particle triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (sp-QQQ-ICP-MS) was used to analyze aluminum, silicon, and titanium-containing particle deliveries in cigarette and little cigar mainstream tobacco smoke, and to collect information on solid inorganic particles. The mass concentration of aluminum containing particles transmitted in mainstream smoke was low (.89-.56 ng/cigarette), which was not surprising because aluminum silicates are not volatile. Although the collective masses (ng/cigarette) of aluminum, silicon, and titanium containing particles under 100 nm diameter transported in mainstream smoke were low, an abundance of "ultrafine" particles (particles 100nm). The number and range of particle sizes determined in mainstream smoke is consistent with pulmonary deposition of aluminum silicates described by other researchers as contributing to the "smokers' inclusions" observed in pulmonary macrophages.