cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3878: Perturbations in the AR-cyclin D1 axis controls lethal tumor phenotypes in prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critical to prostate cancer development. It has been well established that AR activation promotes lethal tumor phenotypes including proliferation, survival, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. However, mechanisms by which AR promotes these phenotypes are poorly understood. Previous reports assessing cellular proliferation revealed that the AR-cyclin D1a axis plays a significant role in controlling the response to androgen. While activated AR induces cyclin D1a through mTOR mediated mechanisms, accumulated cyclin D1a serves a negative feedback control function, through the ability of the cyclin to bind and suppress further AR signaling. Importantly, this process is frequently abrogated in human prostate cancer through an alternative splicing event that results in production of cyclin D1b. Cyclin D1b is deficient in its ability to regulate AR, and has been shown in other model systems to harbor significant oncogenic activity. Importantly, we have demonstrated that nearly 1/3 of a large cohort of primary prostate cancer tumors exclusively express cyclin D1b. Thus, it is imperative to determine the molecular and cellular consequence of the alternative splicing event in prostate cancer. Endogenous D-cyclins were eliminated using hormone ablation; subsequent viral-mediated reintroduction of cyclins D1a or D1b allowed for unbiased comparison of cyclin function in the presence and absence of androgen. Gene expression profiling confirmed that D1b is unable to manage AR activity. Concordantly, alteration of androgen-sensitive genes was observed, in particular those associated with migration and invasion. In vitro manipulation of the D1 splicing event confirmed these results. Subsequent modeling of cyclin D1b function revealed that cyclin D1b confers a specific anchorage independence and migration phenotype to AR-positive prostate cancer cells. Thus, these data provide the first evidence that perturbation in the AR-cyclin D1 axis controls lethal tumor phenotypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3878.
Blood plasma levels and urinary excretion of ascorbic acid before and after a test dose in children with severe thalassemia.

Summary 1. The plasma ascorbic acid levels were determined in 22 children with severe thalassemia and in 12 normal children before and after an intramuscular injection of 50 mg. per kilogram of ascorbic acid. In 5 of the normal and 5 of the anemic children the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid before and after the test dose was also investigated. 2. Before the injection of the test dose, the plasma ascorbic acid levels were invariably lower in the children with thalassemia than in the normal ones, and especially so in those with considerable splenomegaly. The test dose produced a greater initial rise, followed by a more rapid fall in the plasma levels of the anemic subjects. 3. The urinary excretion of ascorbic acid before the test dose was considerably lower than normal in the children with thalassemia. The test dose produced a very similar initial rise in the renal elimination of the vitamin in both the normal and the anemic children, but this was followed by a decline in the rate of excretion which was more rapid in the anemic children. The over-all retention of injected ascorbic acid was considerably greater in the children with thalassemia. 4. These observations suggest a mild ascorbic acid deficiency in children with severe thalassemia. The significance of this deficiency is discussed.
The role of insight in behavior change: a commentary.

Insight in psychotherapy is an epiphenomenon; other sources of gain must be identified. Wilson's discussion neglects the central thesis of this author's earlier paper, but offers a promising lead in Piagetian constructs. This commentary suggests drawing on age-old and universal concepts that are powerful sources of change in human conduct.
Saturation characteristics of fast photodetectors

Saturation of photodetectors is measured in the time domain using optical pulses of different duration and in the frequency domain using amplitude-modulated optical carriers. In the time domain, saturation is characterized by a reduction in peak photocurrent and growth of a pulse tail indicating that significant carrier velocity reduction is occurring as the opposing space-charge field persists. In the frequency domain, saturation is characterized by a reduction in response to a sinusoidal signal. The time-domain saturation measurements are shown to result in substantially larger 1-dB compression currents than frequency-domain measurements for the same photodiode. Transient space-charge calculations and a spectral analysis based on Gaussian pulses are shown to help to explain the apparent differences and to correlate the measured results from the time and frequency domains.
Cochlear implantation in chronic suppurative otitis media

Patients with chronic serous or suppurative otitis media (CSOM) requiring cochlear implantation present a management challenge. Treatment protocols are emerging for cochlear implantation in CSOM. Elimination of infection and protection of the cochlear implant electrode array are the principle goals, although prevention of infection, including the potential for intracranial involvement, takes precedence over early implantation. In some cases of active disease, a staged procedure may be required. Here, we review the literature, discuss management of cochlear implantation in CSOM, and provide a management algorithm to guide decision-making.
Approaching a nanosecond: a 32 bit adder

The authors describe a high performance 32-bit binary adder designed at Stanford University. Measurements indicate that the adder computes the sum of two numbers (and a carry) in 2.1 ns and consumes 900 mW, using a power-supply voltage of -4.5 V. The adder is implemented using silicon emitter-coupled-logic circuitry with 0.5-V output swings. The high performance is a result of high-speed logic/technology and a special addition algorithm which results in an adder with a maximum of three levels of logic from any input to any output. The maximum fanout on any signal is eight input loads, the maximum number of inputs on any gate is five, and the maximum number of WIRE-OR outputs is eight. >
THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF METABOLISM OF INHALATION ANAESTHETICS: A simulation study

The non-steady state metabolism of inhalation anaesthetics during anaesthesia and recovery was simulated with a linear and non-linear whole body compartmental model. These two models were studied for nine anaesthetics during 1-MAC anaesthesias lasting 1, 4 and 8 h and recovery from 5 to 10 days. Both models demonstrated significant metabolism for several days following anaesthesia. For the linear model, both the percentage and the molar quantity of anaesthetic metabolized increased with increased duration of anaesthesia, increased anaesthetic fat solubility and increased assumed rate of hepatic metabolism. For the non-linear model, the duration of anaesthesia had little effect on the percentage metabolized but demonstrated increased molar quantities of anaesthetic metabolized with increased duration of anaesthesia and increased fat solubility. The agreement between the results obtained from the non-linear model and experimental data in the literature suggests that many inhalation anaesthetics belong to a class of xenobiotics whose biotransformation is limited by the same or similar non-linear rate-limiting step(s). A difference in the quantities of anaesthetic metabolized would be a direct consequence of the tissue solubilities of the anaesthetic.
Refactoring the silent spectinabilin gene cluster using a plug-and-play scaffold.

Natural products (secondary metabolites) are a rich source of compounds with important biological activities. Eliciting pathway expression is always challenging but extremely important in natural product discovery because an individual pathway is tightly controlled through a unique regulation mechanism and hence often remains silent under the routine culturing conditions. To overcome the drawbacks of the traditional approaches that lack general applicability, we developed a simple synthetic biology approach that decouples pathway expression from complex native regulations. Briefly, the entire silent biosynthetic pathway is refactored using a plug-and-play scaffold and a set of heterologous promoters that are functional in a heterologous host under the target culturing condition. Using this strategy, we successfully awakened the silent spectinabilin pathway from Streptomyces orinoci. This strategy bypasses the traditional laborious processes to elicit pathway expression and represents a new platform for di...
Percentiles of body composition from bioelectrical impedance and body measurements in U.S. adolescents 8-17 years old: Project HeartBeat!

Reference percentiles (5th, 10th, 50th, 85th, 90th, and 95th) of black and nonblack children ages 8–17 years from Project HeartBeat! (n = 678) are presented for body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) derived from bioelectrical impedance. Project HeartBeat! is a mixed longitudinal study in which three cohorts of children (seen initially at age 8, 11, or 14 years) were followed for 4 years and measured thrice-yearly from 1991 through 1995. Weight, height, and BMI of Project HeartBeat! children are similar in central tendency and variability to those of nationally representative samples for nonblack children but not black children, for whom there is an excess of children at or above the 95th percentile for weight and BMI. Values of PBF above which cardiovascular risk variables increase (as suggested in the literature) are located at the 85th percentile of the Project HeartBeat! distributions. This percentile of PBF may be tentatively considered as a cutoff point with epidemiological significance for children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:135–150, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lumbar stenosis complicating retained epidural catheter tip

DURING epidural anesthesia, catheter tips are infrequently fractured or sheared off, thereby remaining in the epidural space. The usual recommendation is to avoid surgical removal because complications are extremely rare. 1 This represents the first reported case presentation of lumbar stenosis developing in a patient after a retained epidural catheter tip.
Stem/Aem Evidence for Preservation of Burial Diagenetic Fabrics in Devonian Shales: Implications for Fluid/rock Interaction in Cratonic Basins (U.S.A.)

ABSTRACT Fabrics, microstructures, and compositions of authigenic illite-rich clays in Devonian intracratonic basin shales were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning transmission electron/analytical electron microscopy (STEM/AEM) methods in order to relate the extent of clay diagenesis to the timing of mudstone-system closure and to reconcile conflicting radiogenic and paleomagnetic ages obtained from these shales and associated limestones and bentonites. Authigenic illite in these Devonian shales is similar to post-transition illite-rich mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) in Gulf Coast and other young basin mudstones that have formed through replacement of detrital smectite or smectite-rich I/S without subsequent diagenetic modification. The clay matrix is composed of subparallel intergrowths of illite-rich crystals (30-200 A thick) with low-angle grain boundaries and defects at layer terminations. Contrast in some lattice fringe images is consistent with R1-, R2-, and R3-ordered, mixed-layer I/S. Electron diffraction patterns indicate partially disordered (1Md) stacking sequences with significant turbostratic stacking and mixed layering. The illite-rich material is K- and Aldeficient, and Si-enriched, relative to ideal muscovite. Preservation of burial diagenetic, authigenic, mixed-layer I/S microstructures in these Devonian shales implies that they have remained effectively closed systems following the smectite-to-illite transformation. Later Alleghenian (ca. 300 Ma) tectonic or fluid-flow events recorded by authigenic minerals in bentonites and carbonate lithologies throughout the U.S. Midcontinent are apparently not recorded in these Devonian shales. Preservation of diagenetic fabrics indicates that radiogenic isotope dating of cratonic basin shales should yield syndepositional to early burial diagenetic ages corresponding to the timing of I/S authigenesis.
Regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ptxR by Vfr

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PtxR enhances the expression of the exotoxin A gene toxA. The expression of ptxR itself, which occurs from two promoters (P1 and P2), is not completely understood. We have recently demonstrated that the ptxR upstream region contains potential binding sites for multiple regulators, including the virulence factor regulator Vfr. In this study, we identified within the ptxR upstream region, a 25 bp sequence to which Vfr specifically binds. The sequence is located 20-44 (32.5) bp 5' of the ptxR P2 promoter, and overlaps a potential binding site for the iron-starvation sigma factor PvdS. We also show that, throughout the growth cycle, deletion of vfr reduces ptxR expression from the P2 promoter in the P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 by four- to eightfold, but does not affect ptxR expression from P1. Further, loss of Vfr eliminates the PtxR-induced enhancement in the synthesis of exotoxin A and the metalloproteinase LasB. Our results suggest that Vfr modulates toxA and lasB expression in PAO1 through PtxR. A model defining the relationships between these different genes is presented.
A Partial Equilibrium Model for Future Outlooks on Major Cereals in India

A far-sighted food policy is essential to facilitate efficient functioning of food production and management systems, especially for a country like India where household level food security still remains elusive. In this context, reliable mechanisms for generating outlooks on key variables such as demand, supply, trade, prices, etc., of important food commodities forms an essential basis for planning. This paper explores the theoretical underpinnings as well as practical applications of the Cereal Outlook Model, a dynamic, partial-equilibrium model, developed by the authors with the specific purpose of generating future outlooks on major cereals in India. Based on this, projections as well as policy simulations on main demand and supply side variables of rice, wheat and maize were carried out for the period spanning 2011–2025. The model results indicate fast-growing trends in demand and supply of the three cereals considered. Though growth in demand would be sufficiently high due to growing per capita inc...
Students' perceptions of academic dishonesty in the chemistry classroom laboratory

Although the literature on both academic dishonesty and scientific misconduct is extensive, research on academic dishonesty has focused on quizzes, exams, and papers, with the virtual exclusion of the classroom laboratory. This study examined the distinctions undergraduate chemistry majors made between academic dishonesty in the classroom laboratory and scientific misconduct in the research laboratory. Across the spectrum of undergraduate chemistry courses, from the introductory course for first- semester chemistry majors to the capstone course in instrumental analysis, we noted that students believe the classroom lab is fundamentally different from a research or industrial lab. This difference is so significant that it carries over into students' perceptions of dishonesty in these two environments. 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 47-64, 2004 The literature on academic dishonesty provides conflicting answers to one of the most fundamental questions in the field: How often does it occur? Different studies have reported values from as low as 9% to as high as 95% of the student population admitting that they have cheated at least once during their academic careers (Maramark & Barth Maline, 1993). Much of this discrepancy stems from the wide variety in definitions of cheating. The definition becomes particularly blurred once collaborative assignments are introduced into the curriculum. A comprehensive study of factors such as age, gender, academic achievement, and discipline on the frequency of 21 different self-reported cheating behaviors noted that cheating was reported by more younger students than older students, by more men than women, by more lower-achieving students than high-achieving students, and by more science and technology students than those in other disciplines (Newstead, Franklyn-Stokes, & Armstead, 1996). These conclusions, however, are based on self-reports of behaviors, which is a possible source of error.
Branching Principles Governing the Architecture of Cornus kousa (Cornaceae)

Abstract The complex structure of the crown of Cornus kousa, generally five-forked in vegetative branching and two-forked in reproductive branching, is analysed quantitatively and described by two basic branching principles: decussate phyllotaxy and the resetting rule for planes of branching. Most Cornus species have opposite, decussate phyllotaxis. The leaf pair (with axillary buds) defines the branching plane of a node. Because of regular phyllotaxis, the fundamental branching pattern is that every branching plane along an axis is perpendicular to the preceding one. However, the first node of a lateral horizontal shoot always has a horizontal branching plane; we term this the resetting rule. We observed that resetting occurs when the first nodes initiated in the vertical plane are repositioned by a twisting of their first internodes. All later nodes alternate directions, i.e. show usual decussate alternation. Foliage leaf nodes usually produce three-forked branchings. When vegetative winter buds are formed, a foliar node and adjacent scale leaf node produce a five-forked branching. When reproductive winter buds with a terminal inflorescence are formed, the last foliar node and two adjacent scale leaf nodes can produce a variety of branchings but usually produce an equal two-forked branching. To understand better the architecture in C. kousa, we contrast it with C. capitata which does not produce buds with scale leaves and whose vegetative nodes are clearly separated.
Family History of Cancer and Incidence of Acute Leukemia in Adults

Family history of cancer may represent shared genetic and environmental risk factors for leukemia. The authors examined associations of first-degree family history of cancer with adult acute leukemia incidence by using data on 811 patients (or their proxies) identified at diagnosis and 637 population-based controls in the United States and Canada during 1986-1990. For proxy-interviewed patients, relative risks were elevated for family history of any cancer (relative risk = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.4), hematopoietic cancer (relative risk = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0), leukemia (relative risk = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.6), and breast cancer (relative risk = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.0) but not for colorectal, prostate, or lung cancer. For self-interviewed patients, family history of hematopoietic cancer was inversely associated with leukemia incidence (relative risk = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4, 1.1). Regardless of patient interview type, history of breast cancer in sisters was positively associated with adult acute leukemia, whereas history of breast cancer in mothers was not. The role of family history of cancer in leukemia etiology is unclear because of differential reporting by patients and proxies. Specifically, self-interviewed patients may underreport cancer in their first-degree relatives. Associations between family history of breast cancer and leukemia incidence may be the result of unmeasured, shared etiologies specific to these cancers.
Impaired Sphingolipid Synthesis in the Respiratory Tract Induces Airway Hyperreactivity

Asthma is a clinically heterogeneous genetic disease, and its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Genome-wide association studies link ORM (yeast)-Like protein isoform 3 [corrected] (ORMDL3), a member of the ORM gene family, to nonallergic childhood-onset asthma. Orm proteins negatively regulate sphingolipid (SL) synthesis by acting as homeostatic regulators of serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo SL synthesis, but it is not known how SPT activity or SL synthesis is related to asthma. The present study analyzes the effect of decreased de novo SL synthesis in the lung on airway reactivity after administration of myriocin, an inhibitor of SPT, and in SPT heterozygous knockout mice. We show that, in both models, decreased de novo SL synthesis increases bronchial reactivity in the absence of inflammation. Decreased SPT activity affected intracellular magnesium homeostasis and altered the bronchial sensitivity to magnesium. This functionally links decreased de novo SL synthesis to asthma and so identifies this metabolic pathway as a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
Can America Nation-Build?

Post-9/11 security concerns and the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq have renewed scholarly interest in nation-building as a form of externally fostered democratization. The selected works assess Iraq and its precursors, seeking general lessons for establishing new democracies. They principally conclude that successful nation-building depends on sustained commitments of time, materiel, and manpower. Although this thesis improves upon earlier studies of democracy promotion, which often treated intentions as determinative, it does not fully reckon with the effect of antecedent conditions on external intervention. As this review addresses, American efforts at nation-building have historically been enabled or constrained by local political institutions. Rather than autonomously reengineering the target society, nation-builders have buttressed bureaucracies and parliaments where they were already available (Germany, Japan) and foundered in countries that lacked such institutions (Somalia, Haiti). In sum, nation-building has been most effective when pursued least ambitiously, amid functioning states with prior experience in constitutional government.
A path analytical analysis of organizational integration practices’ effects on manufacturing flexibility and competitive advantage

To cope with an increasingly turbulent environment, manufacturing firms increasingly implement integration practices to enhance flexibility in the production process. This research develops a framework to explore the relationships among organizational integration practices, manufacturing flexibility, and competitive advantage. The study develops valid and reliable instruments to measure these constructs, and it applies structural equation modeling to test relationships among these variables using a large sample. The results indicate strong, positive, and direct relationships between organizational integration practices and manufacturing flexibility, and between manufacturing flexibility and competitive advantage. The results also indicate that organizational integration practices enhance competitive advantage directly as well as indirectly by facilitating manufacturing flexibility.
FAST: fast architecture sensitive tree search on modern CPUs and GPUs

In-memory tree structured index search is a fundamental database operation. Modern processors provide tremendous computing power by integrating multiple cores, each with wide vector units. There has been much work to exploit modern processor architectures for database primitives like scan, sort, join and aggregation. However, unlike other primitives, tree search presents significant challenges due to irregular and unpredictable data accesses in tree traversal. In this paper, we present FAST, an extremely fast architecture sensitive layout of the index tree. FAST is a binary tree logically organized to optimize for architecture features like page size, cache line size, and SIMD width of the underlying hardware. FAST eliminates impact of memory latency, and exploits thread-level and datalevel parallelism on both CPUs and GPUs to achieve 50 million (CPU) and 85 million (GPU) queries per second, 5X (CPU) and 1.7X (GPU) faster than the best previously reported performance on the same architectures. FAST supports efficient bulk updates by rebuilding index trees in less than 0.1 seconds for datasets as large as 64Mkeys and naturally integrates compression techniques, overcoming the memory bandwidth bottleneck and achieving a 6X performance improvement over uncompressed index search for large keys on CPUs.
Generation of mesoscopic patterns of viable Escherichia coli by ambient laser transfer

Abstract We have generated mesoscopic patterns of viable Escherichia coli on Si(1 1 1), glass, and nutrient agar plates by using a novel laser-based transfer process termed matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW). We observe no alterations to the E. coli induced by the laser–material interaction or the shear forces during the transfer. Transferred E. coli patterns were observed by optical and electron microscopes, and cell viability was shown through green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression and cell culturing experiments. The transfer mechanism for our approach appears remarkably gentle and suggests that active biomaterials such as proteins, DNA and antibodies could be serially deposited adjacent to viable cells. Furthermore, this technique is a direct write technology and therefore does not involve the use of masks, etching, or other lithographic tools.
TRANSIENT SI AND THE DYNAMICS OF SELF‐INCOMPATIBILITY ALLELES: A SIMULATION MODEL AND EMPIRICAL TEST

A stochastic computer simulation model was created to compare the combined effects of selection and genetic drift on the dynamics of S-alleles under full sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI) versus transient SI, a form of partial SI in which flowers become self-compatible as they age. S-alleles were lost more rapidly with transient than with full SI, as is expected with weakened frequency-dependent selection. Based on these results, equilibrium S-allele diversity is expected to be lower with partial SI for populations of comparable size and migration rates. Consistent with model results, a comparison of the proportion of incompatible crosses in full diallel experiments for a fully SI and a transiently SI species in the annual genus Leptosiphon suggests that S-allele diversity is lower in the partially SI species. Results of the simulation model indicate that the transmission advantage of self-fertilization can have complex effects on S-allele dynamics in partial SI systems.
Bridging the Gap: Solving Spatial Means–Ends Relations in a Locomotor Task

Using a means–means–ends problem-solving task, this study examined whether 16-month-old walking infants (N = 28) took into account the width of a bridge as a means for crossing a precipice and the location of a handrail as a means for augmenting balance on a narrow bridge. Infants were encouraged to cross from one platform to another over narrow and wide bridges located at various distances from a wooden handrail. Infants attempted to walk over the wide bridge more often than the narrow one and when the handrail was within reach. Infants demonstrated parallel problem solving by modifying exploratory behaviors and bridgecrossing strategies that simultaneously accounted for the spatial and functional relations between body and bridge, body and handrail, and bridge and handrail. Means–ends problem solving is an important cognitive and motor achievement. It requires coordinating environmental supports with relevant body parts to extend the body’s capabilities and monitoring multiple spatial and functional relations between actor, goal, and means. Pulling a cane to retrieve an out-of-reach toy, for example, requires recognition that the toy is beyond arm’s reach and that a cane could extend the body’s limits, implementation of an appropriate grasp of the handle, and understanding that the toy must be positioned inside the crook of the cane (e.g., Chen & Siegler, 2000; McCarty, Clifton, & Collard, 2001; van Leeuwen, Smitsman, & van Leeuwen, 1994). Changing frames of reference present a challenging ‘‘localization problem’’ (Lockman, 2000). Even preschoolers err in simple object-retrieval and spoon tasks after a change in the spatial relations between hook and toy or between hand and spoon (Smitsman & Cox, 2008). Task difficulty is compounded in means– means–ends tasks because the goal is so removed that multiple means must be employed to attain it (Santos, Rosati, Sproul, Spaulding, & Hauser, 2005). Multiple means may be implemented sequentially, as in using a short stick to rake in a longer stick, which could then be used to retrieve a distant toy, or in parallel, as in standing on a step stool while wielding a pole to reach a distant object (McGraw, 1935).
Providing Free Samples of Baby Items to Newly Delivered Parents An Unintentional Endorsement

Recent studies have suggested that providing free sample packs of baby items to newly delivered parents may adversely influence parental health behavior. To determine the extent of this practice in Virginia, the head nurses of all 68 newborn nurseries and a random sample of 200 pediatricians were surveyed. Formula samples were being distributed at all hospitals. Formula packs were given to breast-feeding mothers at 65 (95%) hospitals although only 66 percent of the surveyed pediatricians approved of this practice. Samples of baby items other than formula (e.g., baby powder) were being distributed at 66 (97%) hospitals. Some physicians (18%) objected to the distribution of these nonformula samples, and others were not familiar with the content of these packs. In most instances, the hospital medical staff had not voted to approve the distribution of these packs. Parents were being informed only rarely about the source and intent of the packs. The provision of sample packs to newly delivered parents affects approximately 3,000,000 babies each year in the United States. The short- and long-term effects of providing these packs have been inadequately explored. Physicians should make an active decision whether to distribute sample packs. Those physicians choosing to dispense these samples may wish to review and edit the content of the packs and to enclose in the pack a brief note explaining that the provision of the products does not constitute a medical endorsement.
Influence of trifluoperazine on platelet aggregation and disaggregation.

Abstract Calmodulin has been shown to activate platelet phospholipase A2 and initiate the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Trifluoperazine (stelazine), an agent which selectively binds calmodulin, inhibits phospholipase activity induced by calcium. We have evaluated the effect of this agent on the aggregation, disaggregation and reaggregation of human platelets. Results of our study have shown that stelazine is a selective inhibitor of the second wave response of platelets to the stimulation of agonists. The compound causes dissociation of aggregated platelet clumps and induces a refractory state in dispersed cells. Epinephrine reverses the refractory state and potentiates the response of dissociated cells to the action of thrombin, arachidonate and ionophore A23187. Stelazine elevates cAMP levels to some extent and inhibits release of labeled arachidonic acid from platelet membranes in response to thrombin induced stimulation. Epinephrine may correct stelazine induced inhibition by acting through α-adrenergic mechanism, by inducing changes in membrane permeability to calcium, by releasing membrane associated calcium or by directly promoting deacylation of phospholipids.
Influence of participation motivation on success and satisfaction in team performance.

Abstract The present study determined the effect of affiliation and task motivation on the success and satisfaction of college intramural basketball teams. Over 1,200 male college students, members of 144 basketball teams, responded to a pre- and post-season questionnaire which assessed affiliation and task motivation as well as team satisfaction. Teams were categorized into low, moderate, and high levels for both affiliation and task motivation. The number of games won determined success. An Affiliation Motivation × Task Motivation (3 × 3) factorial design was used. The multivariate ANOVA for the affiliation hypothesis was significant, indicating that high affiliation-motivated teams in contrast to moderate- and low-affiliation-motivated teams were less successful but more satisfied. High task-motivated teams, on the other hand, were more successful and more satisfied than moderate or low task-motivated teams. No significant interaction between task and affiliation motivation was found.
Intersectionality: diagnosing conceptual practices of power

Over the past four decades, intersectionality scholarship has proliferated.1 As a research paradigm, intersectionality offers a heuristic rather than a unified genre or a single intellectual or pol...
Comparative DNA adduct formation and induction of colonic aberrant crypt foci in mice exposed to 2‐amino‐9H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole, 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline, and azoxymethane

Considerable evidence suggests that environmental factors, including diet and cigarette smoke, are involved in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Carcinogenic nitroso compounds (NOC), such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), are present in tobacco and processed red meat, and NOC have been implicated in colon cancer. Azoxymethane (AOM), commonly used for experimental colon carcinogenesis, is an isomer of NDMA, and it produces the same DNA adducts as does NDMA. Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed during the combustion of tobacco and high-temperature cooking of meats are also associated with an elevated risk of colon cancer. The most abundant carcinogenic HAA formed in tobacco smoke is 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC), whereas 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) is the most potent carcinogenic HAA formed during the cooking of meat and fish. However, the comparative tumor-initiating potential of AαC, MeIQ, and AOM is unknown. In this report, we evaluate the formation of DNA adducts as a measure of genotoxicity, and the induction of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and dysplastic ACF, as an early measure of carcinogenic potency of these compounds in the colon of male A/J mice. Both AαC and AOM induced a greater number of DNA adducts than MeIQ in the liver and colon. AOM induced a greater number of ACF and dysplastic ACF than either AαC or MeIQ. Conversely, based on adduct levels, MeIQ-DNA adducts were more potent than AαC- and AOM-DNA adducts at inducing ACF. Long-term feeding studies are required to relate levels of DNA adducts, induction of ACF, and colon cancer by these colon genotoxicants.
The Focusing Performance of Zone Plate Transducers

Theoretical study of the focusing performance of different types of Fresnel-zone plate (FZP) transducers shows that the positive and negative patterns exhibit significantly different focusing characteristics when the number of zones is less than ten. The study also shows that for B-scan imaging, high resolution and effective sidelobe reduction can be obtained by using a single-ring annular transducer for transmitting in combination with a two-phase FZP transducer for receiving.
Muramidase Activity in Leukemic Rats

Summary1. Greatly elevated serum and urine muramidase levels were observed in rats with transplanted chloroleukemia. 2. In one chloroleukemic rat with ascites, the fluid had a very high muramidase content. 3. Homogenates of chloroma cells consisting of myeloblasts and promyelocytes had very high muramidase activity. 4. In rats with acute mononuclear cell leukemia, no significant elevation of serum or urinary muramidase activity was noted, suggesting rat mononuclear leukemia is not myelogenous or monocytic in origin.
Effective Immunotherapy of Friend Virus Infection.

SummaryTreatment of FV infected mice with homologous antibody at different stages of viremia resulted in a significant reduction of infectivity titers and of splenomegaly with a concomitant increase in life span. When treatment was begun 4 hours prior to virus infection the animals survived longer than 120 days with no apparent symptoms of the disease. The therapeutic effects achieved in animals treated after virus infection are considered to be due to the ability of the injected antibody to neutralize extracellular virus as it is liberated which thus delays the induction of the Friend disease.
Tobacco Budworms and Bollworms: Age and Mating Status of Adults Collected in Light Traps in Mississippi

Moths of the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie); and the tobacco budworm. H. virescens (F.); collected from 1966 through 1969 in insect traps equipped with a black-light lamp were sexed, and samples were dissected to determine the degree of depletion of the fat body, the development or depletion of the ovaries, and the number of spermatophores per female. Captured bollworm moths averaged 49.7% female (range 32.6-68.4%); captured tobacco budworm moths averaged 28.3% female (range 17.3-60.0%), Of 2189 female bollworm moths dissected, 57.9% were unmated; of 123 female tobacco budworm moths dissected, 55.3% were unmated. Mated females of both species had mated 1 time most frequently, but some had mated as many as 6 times.
Product Label List Format: Effects of Item Arrangement and Completeness on Comparison Time and Accuracy:

This research examined the influence of two factors on the ease of gaining information from item lists: the order and completeness of the items displayed. Food nutrition labels served as the vehicle to test the manipulated lists on comparison time and accuracy performance measures. Four booklets, each containing 12 pairs of nutrient labels, were constructed in which the listed items were: (1) either arranged in a standard order or in a random order, and (2) either had a complete set of nutrients (including nutrients not present in the product) or a partial set of nutrients (excluding nutrients with zero or near-zero amounts in the product). Thirty-two participants were instructed to assume that their physician has told them to increase their intake of three specific nutrients and decrease their intake of three other nutrients. One label of each pair contained a higher level of one nutrient that should be increased or a lower level of one nutrient that should be decreased. Participants were to determine wh...
Behaviour of the NO-β-d-glucosiduronic acid of N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine as a substrate for β-glucuronidase

1. Biosynthetic sodium (N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine NO-β-d-glucosid)-uronate is hydrolysed completely by purified mouse urinary β-glucuronidase into the products N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine and glucuronic acid. The hydrolysis is inhibited by saccharo-(1→4)-lactone. These results not only confirm the identity and purity of the substrate but also establish it as a substrate for β-glucuronidase. 2. Mammalian and bacterial β-glucuronidase preparations hydrolysed the substrate at a rate one-fifth of that for (phenolphthalein β-d-glucosid)uronic acid under the optimum conditions of hydrolysis for each source. 3. The pH optimum is 4·1 and the Michaelis constant, Km, is 3·3×10−4m with purified mouse urinary β-glucuronidase as the enzyme source acting on the NO-β-d-glucosiduronic acid. The aglycone after extraction into chloroform was quantitatively determined spectrophotometrically at its absorption maximum (256mμ). 4. The hydrolysis was studied as a function of time and temperature. 5. From a consideration of the chemical and enzymic properties of this NO-β-d-glucosiduronic acid it is possible to suggest its catabolism in vivo.
Joint Optimal Multi-product Production and System Maintenance Planning Model

Dividing a finite production and planning horizon into several equal-length periods reasonably.Constructing the mathematical programming model according to the product demand in each period and the delay-time theory,procedures are proposed to identify the optimal preventive maintenance policy and the production plan simultaneously,that is,the optimal preventive maintenance interval and the optimal lot size of each type of product in each period can be obtained.Our objective is to minimize the sum of maintenance,production,inventory,setup,backorder costs within the planning horizon.A numerical example is presented to illustrate the model.
Analysis of Effect of Endoscopic Variceal Ligation on 565 Cases with Liver Cirrhosis

Objective: To study the relevant factors affection the result of endoscopic varieal ligation (EVL). Methods: EVL were perfmed in 565 patients of liver cirrhosis with esophageal variceal bleebing (EVB). Results: Total eradication rate of EV was 32.9% (186/565). The rate of long-term recurrence of EV was 9.6% (54/565), shot-term recurrence of EVB was 7.6% (43/565). Conclusion: EVL is an effective and safe measure for EVB, bet the is closely associated with some factor.
Radioiodine Treatment of Distant Metastases

Radioiodine has been used for many years for the treatment of patients who have distant metastases derived from well-differentiated thyroid cancer (1). This chapter presents an overview of the literature regarding the efficacy of radioiodine therapy in the treatment of distant metastases and discusses the approaches to select the prescribed activity (dosage) of radioiodine for these treatments.
How to Prepare and Give a Scholarly Oral Presentation

An important function of being an academic faculty member is building an academic reputation, and one of the best ways to build a reputation is by giving scholarly presentations, particularly those that are oral. Earning the reputation of someone who can give an excellent talk often results in being invited to give keynote addresses at regional and national conferences, which increases a faculty member’s visibility along with his or her area of research. Given the importance of oral presentations, it is surprising that few graduate or medical programs provide courses on how to give a talk. This is unfortunate because there are skills that can be learned and strategies that can be used to improve one’s ability to give an interesting, well-received oral presentation. To that end, the aim of this chapter is to provide faculty with best practices and tips on preparing and giving an academic oral presentation.
College 101: Strategies for First Year Success – A Program for High School Seniors

Making the transition from high school to college can be one of the biggest challenges in life. The first year dropout rate stands at 26% nationally. Adolescent decision-making literature suggests that youths can achieve greater success and reduce negative consequences during their first year of college if they 1) increase knowledge of new social scene and academic protocols, and 2) work through a conjectural decision-making process prior to actual encounters. This program presents key points high school seniors “must know” in advance of their arrival on campus. It is research-based with first-hand advice from real college students including on-the-street video interviews. Topics cover: Choosing Classes, Test Strategies, Social Scene Changes, Budgeting, Roommates, Safety, Talking with Professors, Time Management, and more. The program is designed for any student planning to attend any 2 or 4-year college. Youth professionals can teach this loosely-scripted 1 or 2-hour PowerPoint-based seminar “out of the box.” The $159 curriculum package is free to the first 250 responders.
A note on the size of $$\mathscr {N}$$ N -free families

The $$\mathscr {N}$$ poset consists of four distinct sets W, X, Y, Z such that $$W\subset X, Y\subset X$$ , and $$Y\subset Z$$ where W is not necessarily a subset of Z. A family $${{\mathscr {F}}}$$ , considered as a subposet of the n-dimensional Boolean lattice $$\mathscr {B}_n$$ , is $$\mathscr {N}$$ -free if it does not contain $$\mathscr {N}$$ as a subposet. Let $$\mathrm{La}(n, \mathscr {N})$$ be the size of a largest $$\mathscr {N}$$ -free family in $$\mathscr {B}_n$$ . Katona and Tarjan proved that , where and is the size of a single-error-correcting code with constant weight $$k+1$$ . In this note, we prove for n even and $$k=n/2, \mathrm{La}(n, \mathscr {N}) \geqslant {n\atopwithdelims ()k}+A(n, 4, k)$$ , which improves the bound on $$\mathrm{La}(n, \mathscr {N})$$ in the second order term for some values of n and should be an improvement for an infinite family of values of n, depending on the behavior of the function .
Back to Basics: Clinical versus Radiologic Recognition of Spondyloarthropathy.

To the Editor: The report by Christiansen, et al 1 again emphasizes one of the limitations to clinical application of our diagnostic paradigms. Sacroiliac joints (SIJ) have highly irregular contours with 3-D topography2. Imaging artifacts related to the limited resolution of computed tomography (related to the subchondral bone thickness of SIJ) compromises its reliability in identifying or excluding not only erosions, but also bridging or fusion … Address correspondence to Dr. B. Rothschild, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA. E-mail: spondylair{at}gmail.com
SMIT1 Modifies KCNQ Channel Function and Pharmacology by Physical Interaction with the Pore.

Abstract Voltage-gated potassium channels of the KCNQ (Kv7) subfamily are essential for control of cellular excitability and repolarization in a wide range of cell types. Recently, we and others found that some KCNQ channels functionally and physically interact with sodium-dependent solute transporters, including myo -inositol transporters SMIT1 and SMIT2, potentially facilitating various modes of channel-transporter signal integration. In contrast to indirect effects such as channel regulation by SMIT-transported, myo -inositol-derived phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), the mechanisms and functional consequences of the physical interaction of channels with transporters have been little studied. Here, using co-immunoprecipitation with different channel domains, we found that SMIT1 binds to the KCNQ2 pore module. We next tested the effects of SMIT1 co-expression, in the absence of extracellular myo -inositol or other SMIT1 substrates, on fundamental functional attributes of KCNQ2, KCNQ2/3, KCNQ1, and KCNQ1-KCNE1 channels. Without exception, SMIT1 altered KCNQ ion selectivity, sensitivity to extracellular K + , and pharmacology, consistent with an impact on conformation of the KCNQ pore. SMIT1 also altered the gating kinetics and/or voltage dependence of KCNQ2, KCNQ2/3, and KCNQ1-KCNE1. In contrast, SMIT1 had no effect on Kv1.1 (KCNA1) gating, ion selectivity, or pharmacology. We conclude that, independent of its transport activity and indirect regulatory mechanisms involving inositol-derived increases in PIP 2 , SMIT1, and likely other related sodium-dependent solute transporters, regulates KCNQ channel ion selectivity, gating, and pharmacology by direct physical interaction with the pore module.