cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Penile Abscess Involving the Corpus Cavernosum: A Case Report

A patient with a penile abscess containing mixed colonies of bacteria is presented. Ultrasound scan confirmed the physical examination findings of involvement of the corpus cavernosum. After incision and drainage the patient has normal erectile function.
The Social Informatics of Blog and Wiki Communities: Authoring Communities of Practice (CoPs)

Blogs and wikis are online social spaces for collaborative writing and communication. This paper will examine these technologies from a social informatics perspective to better understand the social dimension of participation behaviors. The pedagogical potential of blog and wiki communities will be explored through the analysis of student survey data. Les blogues et les wikis constituent des espaces sociaux en ligne pour la redaction et la communication collaboratives. Cette communication examine ces technologies a partir de la perspective de l’informatique sociale, afin de mieux comprendre la dimension sociale des comportements des participants. Le potentiel pedagogique des communautes des blogues et des wikis sera explore a travers l’analyse des donnees d’un sondage etudiant.
Bilinguals’ Existing Languages Benefit Vocabulary Learning in a Third Language

Learning a new language involves substantial vocabulary acquisition. Learners can accelerate this process by relying on words with native-language overlap, such as cognates. For bilingual third language learners, it is necessary to determine how their two existing languages interact during novel language learning. A scaffolding account predicts transfer from either language for individual words, whereas an accumulation account predicts cumulative transfer from both languages. To compare these accounts, twenty English-German bilingual adults were taught an artificial language containing 48 novel written words that varied orthogonally in English and German wordlikeness (neighborhood size and orthotactic probability). Wordlikeness in each language improved word production accuracy, and similarity to one language provided the same benefit as dual-language overlap. In addition, participants' memory for novel words was affected by the statistical distributions of letters in the novel language. Results indicate that bilinguals utilize both languages during third language acquisition, supporting a scaffolding learning model.
Understanding Differences in Helicopter Mission Sets Prior to Human Error Analysis

Helicopters are essential for completion of many critical missions that are impossible for fixed-wing aircraft since they can operate around rough terrain and require minimal ground infrastructure....
Mechanisms Underlying Acrolein-Mediated Inhibition of Chromatin Assembly

Acrolein is a major component of cigarette smoke and cooking fumes. Previously, we reported that acrolein compromises chromatin assembly; however, underlying mechanisms have not been defined. Here, we report that acrolein reacts with lysine residues, including lysines 5 and 12, sites important for chromatin assembly, on histone H4 in vitro and in vivo Acrolein-modified histones are resistant to acetylation, suggesting that the reduced H4K12 acetylation that occurs following acrolein exposure is probably due to the formation of acrolein-histone lysine adducts. Accordingly, the association of H3/H4 with the histone chaperone ASF1 and importin 4 is disrupted and the translocation of green fluorescent protein-tagged H3 is inhibited in cells exposed to acrolein. Interestingly, in vitro plasmid supercoiling assays revealed that treatment of either histones or ASF1 with acrolein has no effect on the formation of plasmid supercoiling, indicating that acrolein-protein adduct formation itself does not directly interfere with nucleosome assembly. Notably, exposure of histones to acrolein prior to histone acetylation leads to the inhibition of remodeling and spacing factor chromatin assembly, which requires acetylated histones for efficient assembly. These results suggest that acrolein compromises chromatin assembly by reacting with histone lysine residues at the sites critical for chromatin assembly and prevents these sites from physiological modifications.
Prevention and treatment of bone loss and fractures in patients undergoing a hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The most effective method to prevent and treat bone loss following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains uncertain. We conducted a comprehensive search in four electronic databases until August 2015. We retrieved articles describing patients with bone loss or fractures who received HSCT. Controlled trials, with a follow-up period of at least 12 months, were included. Twelve studies (19 publications) met our inclusion criteria. A total of 643 participants underwent HSCT (85.7% allogeneic HSCT). There was a statistically significant lower mean bone mineral density (g/cm2) percentage change of the lumbar spine (mean difference (MD) 7.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6-10.0) and femoral neck (MD 6.7, 95% CI 5.6-7.9) in the bisphosphonate therapy group compared with the control group with no bisphosphonate therapy at 12 months. In a subgroup analysis, seven different comparison groups were evaluated. The rate of fractures or X-ray findings of subclinical vertebral fractures was similar between groups. Bisphosphonates are promising in the prevention and treatment of bone loss following HSCT. Additional research is required to determine whether they reduce long-term fracture risk.
Endogenous Adamts-13 Regulates Angiogenesis in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells

ADAMTS-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13, is a zinc-containing metalloprotease enzyme that cleaves von Willebrand factor (vWf). Previous publications by our laboratory have shown that ADAMTS-13 may also be involved in angiogenesis; for example; addition of exogenous ADAMTS-13 enhances angiogenesis in cell migration and proliferation assays. For this study, we report the successful transient knockdown of endogenous ADAMTS-13 in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) via siRNA. 100pmols of ADAMTS-13 siRNA inhibited HUVEC ADAMTS-13 expression levels by 60% after 7hr incubation, whereas control siRNA did not reduce endogenous ADAMTS-13. The effects of reduced endogenous ADAMTS-13 on HUVEC function were studied in proliferation and scratch wound assays. Transfection of HUVEC with 100pmols of ADAMTS-13 siRNA resulted in a 47% decrease in proliferation after 19hr incubation. The effects of ADAMTS-13 knockdown on migration of HUVEC across a scratch wound were also studied. 9hr after transfection with control siRNA, cells initiated migration across the scratch wound. This migration did not occur in ADAMTS-13 knockdown cells. The activity of the AKT pathway, one of the angiogenesis downstream signaling pathways was down regulated by ADAMTS-13 siRNA while ERK, a component of the MAP kinase pathway was not affected upon knockdown of ADAMTS-13. These data indicate that one role of endogenous ADAMTS-13 in HUVEC is regulation of angiogenesis, mediated through the AKT signaling pathway. Overall our data suggest an additional model of endogenousADAMTS-13 functionality, beyond that of cleaving von Willebrand factor. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
In vivo quantification of quantum dot systemic transport in C57BL/6 hairless mice following skin application post-ultraviolet radiation

Previous work has demonstrated size, surface charge and skin barrier dependent penetration of nanoparticles into the viable layers of mouse skin. The goal of this work was to characterize the tissue distribution and mechanism of transport of nanoparticles beyond skin, with and without Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) induced skin barrier disruption. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to examine the effect of UVR dose (180 and 360 mJ/cm2 UVB) on the skin penetration and systemic distribution of quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles topically applied at different time-points post UVR using a hairless C57BL/6 mouse model. Results indicate that QDs can penetrate mouse skin, regardless of UVR exposure, as evidenced by the increased cadmium in the local lymph nodes of all QD treated mice. The average % recovery for all treatment groups was 69.68% with ~66.84% of the applied dose recovered from the skin (both epicutaneous and intracutaneous). An average of 0.024% of the applied dose was recovered from the lymph nodes across various treatment groups. When QDs are applied 4 days post UV irradiation, at the peak of the skin barrier defect and LC migration to the local lymph node, there is an increased cellular presence of QD in the lymph node; however, AAS analysis of local lymph nodes display no difference in cadmium levels due to UVR treatment. Our data suggests that Langerhans cells (LCs) can engulf QDs in skin, but transport to the lymph node may occur by both cellular (dendritic and macrophage) and non-cellular mechanisms. It is interesting that these specific nanoparticles were retained in skin similarly regardless of UVR barrier disruption, but the observed skin immune cell interaction with nanoparticles suggest a potential for immunomodulation, which we are currently examining in a murine model of skin allergy.
Oxidative stress-dependent MMP-13 activity underlies glucose neurotoxicity

Abstract Background A complication of diabetes is neuropathy, a condition of sensory axon degeneration that originates in the epidermis. The mechanisms remain unknown but reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in this condition. In this study, we assessed the role of ROS and a candidate downstream target, MMP-13 in glucose-induced sensory axon degeneration in zebrafish and mice. Methods The effects of glucose on metabolism and sensory axon degeneration were assessed using qPCR and live imaging. ROS were analyzed using pentafluorobenzene-sulfonyl fluorescein and activation of the NF-κB stress response was determined using Tg(NF-κB:GFP) zebrafish. The role of MMP-13 and ROS in glucose-dependent axon degeneration was determined in zebrafish following treatment with the antioxidant, N -acetylcysteine and the MMP-13 inhibitor, DB04760. Neuropathic mice fed on a high-fat/high-sugar diet were treated with the MMP-13 inhibitor, CL-82198 to assess sensory recovery. Results Glucose treatment of zebrafish induced metabolic changes that resemble diabetes. Sensory axon degeneration was mediated by ROS-induced MMP-13 and prevented upon antioxidant treatment or MMP-13 inhibition. MMP-13 inhibition also reversed neuropathy in diabetic mice. Conclusion We demonstrate that zebrafish are suitable to study glucose-induced neurotoxicity. Given the effects in zebrafish and mice, MMP-13 inhibition may be beneficial in the treatment of human diabetic neuropathy.
Using theory to inform water conservation in business communities: Formative research from a chamber initiative

This study was designed to collect formative information for the development of theoretically driven water conservation communication efforts targeting the business sector of water users. Members f...
An Adaptive Control-Based Approach for 1-Click Gripping of Novel Objects Using a Robotic Manipulator

This brief presents the design, analysis, and experimental implementation, an adaptive control enabled intelligent algorithm to facilitate 1-click grasping of novel objects by a robotic gripper. The use of object-geometry free modeling coupled with utilization of interaction force and slip velocity measurements allows for the design of an adaptive backstepping controller that is shown to be asymptotically stable via a Lyapunov-based analysis. Experiments with multiple objects using a prototype gripper with embedded sensing show that the proposed scheme is able to effectively immobilize novel objects within the gripper fingers. Furthermore, it is seen that the adaptation allows for close estimation of the minimum grasp force required for safe grasping, which results in minimal deformation of the grasped object.
Introductory Linear Operator Theory

In this chapter we apply concepts of functional analysis, especially those concepts related to Hilbert and Banach spaces, to introduce basic operator theory relevant to applied electromagnetics. We begin with the definition of a linear operator and provide examples of common operators that arise in physical problems. We next define linear functionals as a special class of linear operators. Linear functionals occur quite often in electromagnetics and are very useful in theoretical investigations and in formulating problems to be solved numerically. In addition, the concept of a linear functional, in conjunction with the Riesz representation theorem, gives an appropriate motivation for introducing the important concept of an adjoint operator. Next, the class of self-adjoint operators is discussed, as well as the broader category of normal operators. We will see later that self-adjoint operators, and especially compact self-adjoint operators, have very nice mathematical properties that can be usefully exploited. Definite operators are then discussed, which themselves are contained within the class of self-adjoint or symmetric operators, and lead to a new notion of convergence. Compact operators are introduced, both at the function and sequence (infinite matrix) levels, and examples from applied mathematics and electromagnetics are provided.
Two-Time-Scale Switching Jump Diffusions

This chapter is concerned with jump diffusions involving Markovian switching regimes. In the models, there are a finite set of regimes or configurations and a switching process that dictates which regime to take at any given instance. At each time t, once the configuration is determined by the switching process, the dynamics of the system follow a jump-diffusion process. It evolves until the next jump takes place. Then the post-jump location is determined and the process sojourns in the new location following the evolution of another jump-diffusion process and so on. The entire system consists of random switches and jump-diffusive motions.
P039 : CORRELATION OF FLOW HLA ANTIBODY SCREENING AND LUMINEX SINGLE ANTIGEN BEAD ASSAY

Introduction Solid phase HLA antibody detection is more sensitive and specific compared to traditional CDC tests. Different solid phase methods use different platforms. FlowPRA uses 30 beads coated with HLA antigens of 30 individuals representing the most common HLA antigens. Luminex single antigen bead assay (LSA) uses up to 100 beads, each of which is coated with antigen molecules of a single specificity, and has much better coverage of the HLA antigens. Aims This study was to determine a correlation between FlowPRA and LSA in regarding if a negative FlowPRA would correlated to a negative LSA assay. Methods We use FlowPRA for screening and LSA for identification. Every new heart and lung transplant candidate is evaluated for presence of HLA antibodies by performing both FlowPRA and LSA up front. The routine cutoff of LSA is MFI = 1000. For this study we retrospectively reviewed records of FlowPRA and LSA performed in 100 new heart transplant candidates evaluated between April – December 2013. Results Of these 100 heart transplant candidates, 37 had either class I and/or class II LSA detectable antibodies. Among these 37 patients, 32 had LSA class I antibodies, 14 had LSA class II antibodies, and 9 had both class I and II antibodies. Among these 32 patients with positive LSA class I antibodies, only 20 demonstrated a clear positive FlowPRA. Class I FlowPRA of the other 12 patients with positive LSA appeared more likely to be negative. Among the 14 class II LSA positive patients, 7 patients’ FlowPRA appeared more likely to be negative. The majority of these HLA antibodies detected by LSA, but that did not cause a clear positive FlowPRA, had an MFI under 2000. A few of these antibody bindings were confirmed to be not reactive to antigens on cell surface in crossmatch. Conclusion The antigen density on LSA beads may be higher than on the FlowPRA beads which may explain that some antibodies may be detected by LSA but not FlowPRA. It could also not be excluded that some of the antibodies detected only by LSA might be non-specific which need further clarification. The clinical relevant of the weak antibodies detected only by LSA warrantees further studies. It is meaningful to test the HLA antibody using a combination of different detection platforms, especially for patients who will be transplanted using donors selected based on a virtual crossmatch.
Regional short-term and long-term risk and loss assessment under sequential seismic events

Abstract A framework for building-portfolio risk and loss assessment under mainshock-aftershock earthquake sequences is presented. The temporary increase in seismic hazard after a large-magnitude mainshock coupled with the reduction in the structural capacity under sequential ground motions are considered in the framework. For the inventory of reinforced concrete frames located in Los Angeles County, the annual rate of “complete” (HAZUS) damage and expected annual losses are, on average, 10% and 25% higher, respectively, when aftershocks are incorporated in the risk assessment procedure. A short-term risk and loss analysis after a hypothetical scenario mainshock on the Puente Hills fault showed a substantial increase in the seismic risk within one week after the mainshock. The aftershock-induced losses during the same period were estimated at approximately 30% of the losses due to the mainshock.
Cultural Humility: Introduction to the Special Issue:

This issue of the Journal of Psychology and Theology focuses on cultural humility. Cultural humility is an important domain of general humility that focuses on cultural differences. In this introdu...
Bringing Design to the Privacy Table: Broadening.

Author(s): Wong, Richmond Y; Mulligan, Deirdre K | Editor(s): Brewster, Stephen A; Fitzpatrick, Geraldine; Cox, Anna L; Kostakos, Vassilis
Alternative Interventions for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in Men

In men with chronic pelvic pain and urinary dysfunction who have not responded to standard medical management, extracorporeal shock wave therapy reduces symptoms and increases quality of life. Acupuncture may also provide benefit to some patients.
Perineal and Radicular Pain Caused by Contralateral Sacral Nerve Root Schwannoma: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background Sacral schwannomas are very rare nerve sheath tumors. Patients usually present with a variety of nonspecific symptoms, which often lead to a delay in diagnosis. Although most schwannomas are benign, they present surgical challenges owing to their proximity to neurologic and other anatomic structures. Case Description This 58-year-old female presented with a 2-month old history of left-sided perineal and radicular pain secondary to a right S2 sacral nerve root schwannoma. The sacral mass demonstrated homogenous enhancement with cystic changes in a T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequence. The patient underwent S1–S3 laminectomy and tumor excision through a posterior surgical approach. Intraoperative monitoring was used to distinguish nonfunctional tissue during tumor resection. The patient had an unremarkable postoperative course. Conclusions Sacral schwannomas can present with a variety of nonspecific symptoms. They pose unique challenges given their location, size, and involvement of surrounding structures. Complete surgical resection is the main goal of sacral schwannoma treatment. A combined anterior-posterior surgical approach and a multidisciplinary surgical team are associated with improved outcomes.
Infertility and mortality.

ABSTRACT Background Infertility affects 1 in 10 American reproductive-age women. The impact of this disease beyond the reproductive years is largely unknown. Objective To determine the association of infertility history with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Study Design This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial included 75,784 women (age 55-74) prospectively enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer screening trial from 1992-2001 and followed a minimum of 10 years for health-related outcomes and death (856,935 person-years). We examined the association of infertility history (inability to conceive for one year or greater) all-cause and cause-specific mortality using disease risk score adjusted Cox-proportional hazard regression models. Results Infertile women had a 10% increased risk of death (from any cause) during the study period compared to the unexposed (AHR 1.10, 95%CI 1.02-1.18, p=0.010). This effect was predominantly noted in women at an otherwise low risk of mortality, who had a 26% increased risk of death (AHR 1.26, 95%CI 1.12-1.42, p Conclusions Infertility is a harbinger of future morbidity and mortality. Infertile women are at an increased risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Consideration of infertility history in health care maintenance presents an opportunity for screening and early intervention for long-term health outcomes.
Theories of Phonological Development

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the theories of phonological development. A discussion of phonological theory can be complex and difficult to understand unless one is well acquainted with this particular area of linguistics. Usually, speech and language pathologists have had only a brief encounter with concepts involved in phonological theory. Frequently, phonological theory is presented as fact, but it must be kept in mind that there are insufficient data to allow one to arrive at conclusive decisions about how children acquire sounds. The theory that sounds are acquired through some pre-programmed biological determinant has been questioned by many linguists. The thrust of the biological determinism or natural phonology theory is to identify the phonological processes that account for both language change and child phonological development as a function of an innate process unaffected by environmental factors. The key to understanding phonological acquisition is found in studying each child's unique environment. The environment and the way the child reacts to it are considered most important—not the conditioning process or some underlying phonological principles.
Fisher, Patrick. Insufficient Representation: The Disconnect Between Congress and Its Citizens: Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2018. 186 pages. $90 (hardcover).

Representation is a fundamental concept of the political system in the United States. The degree to which public policy reflects public sentiments is an important component by which citizens assess...
Endovascular Approaches: Indications and Techniques

The craniovertebral junction is a hinge zone that permits a wide degree of motion of the head via unique biomechanics between the occiput, the atlas and the axis. This transition area encompasses complex vascular and neurological structures. The vertebro-basilar complex, which travels deep into this region surrounding the brainstem in the prevertebral space, is characterized by its elaborated arterial anatomy. This complex is susceptible to a variety of vascular and neoplastic pathologies ranging from an aneurysm of the craniovertebral junction (posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, vertebro-basilar junction) to an arteriovenous malformation, to a thrombotic vessel occlusion or to an encasement by a growing neoplasm. Patients usually manifest with a wide range of symptoms that occur as a result of transient “end-organ” (brainstem, cerebellum, and/or occipital lobes) hypoperfusion. Earlier attempts of treatment have been utterly discouraging. Now that surgeons have an enriched understanding of the topographic and functional anatomy of the craniovertebral confluence, they are capable of overcoming the challenges offered by this pivotal zone and to easily navigate through its formerly unreachable structures. The purpose of this chapter is to portray novel endovascular therapeutic procedures and to discuss their indications in the management of the numerous vascular diseases affecting the craniovertebral junction.
EFFECTS OF INHALED FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE ON EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES IN RATS

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more common in patients with asthma, and inhaled corticosteroids may contribute to OSA pathogenesis in these patients. This study tested the effects of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) on extrinsic tongue muscles. Unanesthetized rats were treated with FP or placebo for 28 days. On day 29, tongue retrusive and protrusive functions were tested via hypoglossal nerve stimulation under a state of anesthesia, followed by genioglossus (GG), styloglossus (SG) and hyoglossus (HG) muscle extraction, after euthanasia, for histology [myosin heavy chain (MHC) fibers and laminin content reflecting extracellular matrix (ECM)]. On protrusive testing, FP increased percent maximum tetanic force at 40 Hz (P = 0.03 vs. placebo) and endurance index (P = 0.029 vs. placebo). On retrusive testing, FP increased maximum twitch (P = 0.026 vs. placebo) and tetanic forces (P = 0.02 vs. placebo) with no effect on endurance index. On histology, FP increased GG cross-sectional area of MHC type IIa (P = 0.036 vs. placebo) and tended to increase type IIb (P = 0.057 vs. placebo) fibers and HG MHC IIx fibers (P = 0.065). The FP group had significantly increased laminin-stained areas, of greatest magnitude in the HG muscle. FP affects tongue protrusive and retrusive functions differently, concurrent with a shift in MHC fibers and increased ECM accumulation. These differential alterations may destabilize the tongue's "muscle hydrostat" during sleep and promote collapse.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The effects of inhaled corticosteroid on upper airway may contribute to OSA pathogenesis in asthma. In this study, we tested the effects of orally inhaled fluticasone propionate on tongue protrusive and retrusive functions and on tongue extrinsic muscle fiber composition and molecular properties. We found that fluticasone treatment: 1) increased protrusive endurance and retrusive maximum twitch and tetanic force; and 2) on histology, increased cross-sectional area of myosin heavy chain (MHC) type IIa fibers and tended to increase cross-sectional area of MHC type IIb fibers in the protrusive muscle and of MHC IIx fibers in the retrusors. It also increased laminin-stained areas, across extrinsic tongue muscles, of greatest magnitude in the retrusors; and 3) reduced protein degradation and activated pathways associated with increased protein synthesis in the protrusor. These differential effects on the protrusors and retrusors may destabilize the tongue's "muscle hydrostat" properties during sleep and promote collapse.
Assessment of the completeness of intervention reporting of randomized clinical trials for alcohol use disorders: Effect of the TIDieR checklist and guide.

Abstract Background/purpose Properly designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard in patient-centered clinical research. Incomplete intervention reporting affects the readers' ability to evaluate treatment efficacy. Previous studies show that detailed descriptions of trial interventions remains insufficient for reliable replication. Understanding reporting areas in need of improvement can improve the quality of intervention reporting. Methods This cross-sectional review uses the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to evaluate the quality of intervention reporting in RCTs. The primary outcome was to investigate the completeness of intervention reporting of RCTs reporting outcomes for patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) published in highly ranked addiction journals. The secondary outcomes were to: 1) evaluate whether publication of the TIDieR checklist resulted in better intervention reporting practices and 2) determine whether particular trial characteristics were associated with the completeness of intervention reporting. Results The final analysis included 56 records. The mean number of reported TIDieR items was 5.1 (SD = 1.47) of a possible 12. TIDieR checklist publication did not increase the average completion of the TIDieR checklist items (p = 0.76). Improved TIDieR adherence was associated with trials with double blinding, non-drug interventions, and CONSORT endorsement. Discussion/conclusions We found the reporting of interventions to be inadequate in our sample of AUD-related RCTs. Fundamental details were often not reported, hampering both clinical and research reproducibility. Moving forward, it may be necessary to consider additional mechanisms to either improve TIDieR uptake or to find other solutions to improve intervention reporting.
Chapter 23 – A Look to the Future

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the progress made to develop the next generation of the SQL: 1999 language. The next generation of the SQL standard has the working title “SQL:200n.” The name SQL:200n was chosen to help encourage republication of the standard in about three or four years after SQL: 1999. The chapter summarizes the fact that the SQL:200n will have three primary areas of focus, such as correcting a fairly large number of errata, enhanced relational capabilities, and support for the object paradigm. One of the most significant additions being considered for SQL:200n is a group of additional collection of data types. The chapter also speculates that there will be significant improvements in fields such as triggers, SQL-invoked routines, security features, and object capabilities. Future development in SQL will also aim at the ability to intermingle the SQL and XML facilities in applications. The chapter emphasizes the fact that there is no way to know exactly what features and aspects will wind up in SQL:200n.
Debunking the Myth: Do Maternal-Fetal Medicine Fellows Negatively Impact Resident Obstetrical Skills?

Objective Residency applicants often express concern that fellows negatively impact surgical opportunities, especially with less common procedures. We sought to describe the impact of maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) fellows on resident surgical opportunities. Study Design Anonymous 27-question e-survey sent to obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residents in the United States and Puerto Rico in March 2018. Questions included experience as primary surgeon, for fourth year residents only, comfort performing procedures postresidency, and demographics. Residents from programs with MFM fellows (pMFM) were compared with those without (nMFM). Descriptive statistics used as appropriate. Regression was performed, controlling for significant variables. Results A total of 417 residents completed the survey; 275 (66%) from nMFM and 142 (33%) from pMFM. PMFM residents were more likely to have >7 residents/year, be from an academic residency, and less likely to be planning to practice obstetrics postresidency (all, p < 0.01). Plan to pursue MFM fellowship did not differ. NMFM residents were more likely to have been primary surgeon on a vacuum assisted delivery (77 vs. 63%, p < 0.01). No difference in primary surgeon experience was seen for forceps delivery, breech deliveries, third- or fourth-degree repairs, cerclage, or cesarean hysterectomy. With regard to comfort performing procedures postresidency, vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery (VAVD) was more likely among nMFM trainees, no other differences seen. In regression models, no differences in likelihood of comfort performing procedures postresidency for any procedures based on the presence of MFM fellows were seen. Among pMFM residents, 94% stated fellows positively impacted their learning. Conclusion MFM fellows do not appear to impact residents' perceived competency in obstetric procedures and the majority of trainees report that fellows positively impact their education.
Communication: Adaptive boundaries in multiscale simulations

Combined-resolution simulations are an effective way to study molecular properties across a range of length and time scales. These simulations can benefit from adaptive boundaries that allow the high-resolution region to adapt (change size and/or shape) as the simulation progresses. The number of degrees of freedom required to accurately represent even a simple molecular process can vary by several orders of magnitude throughout the course of a simulation, and adaptive boundaries react to these changes to include an appropriate but not excessive amount of detail. Here, we derive the Hamiltonian and distribution function for such a molecular simulation. We also design an algorithm that can efficiently sample the boundary as a new coordinate of the system. We apply this framework to a mixed explicit/continuum simulation of a peptide in solvent. We use this example to discuss the conditions necessary for a successful implementation of adaptive boundaries that is both efficient and accurate in reproducing molecular properties.
Robotic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Sleeve gastrectomy is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure in the United States and its worldwide prevalence has significantly increased in the last years as well. The growing popularity of the da Vinci robotic platform in other surgical specialties has prompted its limited but growing use in bariatric surgery. Multiple recently published reports demonstrate the safety and feasibility of robotic-assisted sleeve gastrectomy (RSG). The robotic approach to sleeve gastrectomy offers potential advantages such as 3-dimensional visualization, improved surgeon dexterity, and increased degrees of motion which may be particularly beneficial in super morbidly obese patients. Outcomes are comparable to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Further studies are needed before meaningful conclusions can be made on whether robotic sleeve gastrectomy is advantageous or not.
Rural light pollution from shale gas development and associated sleep and subjective well-being

Abstract The shale oil and gas boom has had large economic, environmental, and social impacts on rural communities in the United States. This study provides novel estimates of the impacts of shale oil and gas development on light pollution in rural areas of the United States. Using nationwide, time-calibrated DMSP-OLS database from 2000 to 2012, we find robust evidence that the shale oil and gas boom significantly increased light pollution in rural areas. We then assess associations between horizontal drilling and subjective self-rated health using nationwide data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2000 to 2012. Our findings suggest that insufficient sleep and poor health (physical or mental) are associated with increased drilling in rural areas. These results provide support for drilling-related light pollution as an additional environmental pathway of concern for public health beyond the mechanisms of air or water pollution.
Compassion fatigue, presenteeism, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES), and resiliency levels of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students.

Abstract Background Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students often experience challenges that can cause poor academic performance and attrition. Known threats to nurses' professional quality of life and patient care include compassion fatigue and presenteeism; it is not known how these phenomena carry over from prior nursing experience to DNP students' academic experiences and subsequent NP practice. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can also threaten nursing students' coping ability and overall wellbeing. Building resilience can combat the negative effects related to professional quality of life and traumatic experiences and promote nursing student success. Objectives Measure compassion fatigue, presenteeism, ACEs, and resiliency in DNP students. Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with three cohorts of DNP students. Setting A DNP program at a large public American University. Participants: DNP students (n = 118) from four NP specialty tracks: Family, Pediatric, Psychiatric Mental Health, and Adult-Gerontology Acute Care. Methods Online surveys were sent to three cohorts of DNP students: one group before beginning the program and two groups, one year apart, before starting clinical rotations in the program. Surveys included measures for compassion fatigue, presenteeism, ACEs, and resiliency. Results The demographics of this study sample was similar to other published DNP student samples. The students reported moderate levels of compassion fatigue, presenteeism, and resiliency. ACE scores ranged from 0 to 8 out of 10, and 50% reported at least one ACE. Conclusions Survey results from three DNP student cohorts indicate that many are pursuing advanced practice nursing education with a history of traumatic childhood events, demands of balancing work and school, and moderate resiliency levels. Many have symptoms of negative professional quality of life and presenteeism that could inhibit their job satisfaction and quality of care as an NP. Promoting DNP students' resiliency may improve their ability to thrive amidst academic and professional challenges.
Non-stem bladder cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote cancer stem cell survival in response to chemotherapy

Chemosenstive non-stem cancer cells (NSCCs) constitute the bulk of tumors and are considered as part of the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate the communication between tumors and the TME. In this study, we sought to investigate the impacts of EVs released by NSCCs on the maintenance of CSC properties and chemoresistance. We employed murine MB49 bladder cancer (BC) sub-lines representing CSCs and NSCCs as a model system. Chemotherapy drugs were used to treat NSCCs in order to collect conditioned EVs. The impacts of NSCC-derived EVs on CSC progression were evaluated through sphere formation, cytotoxicity, migration, and invasion assays, and by analyzing surface marker expression on these BC cells. Differential proteomic analyses were conducted to identify cargo protein candidates involved in the EV-mediated communication between NSCCs and CSCs. NSCC-derived EVs contained cargo proteins enriched in proteostasis-related functions, and significantly altered the development of CSCs such that they were more intrinsically chemoresistant, aggressive, and better able to undergo self-renewal. We thus identified a novel communication mechanism whereby NSCC-EVs can alter the relative fitness of CSCs to promote disease progression and the acquisition of chemoresistance.
Comparison of FDG-PET, MRI and bone scans in bone marrow metastatic lesions from different primaries

1766 Objectives: The aim of our study was to compare the performance of FDG-PET, bone scan and MRI imaging in detecting bone marrow metastatic lesions from different primaries. Methods: Sixty-one patients (27 male, 34 female, age 57 ±8 years) with suspected metastatic bone marrow lesions were included in this retrospective analysis. All patients underwent FDG-PET, bone scan and MRI imaging within 60 days interval. All the results were correlated with histopathological examination and/or clinical follow up. The primary cancers were lung, breast, lymphoma, head and neck, and gastrointestinal malignancies. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative and positive predictive values were calculated for all the three modalities. Results: Based on biopsy and clinical and/or imaging follow-up for at least 1 year, 37 of the patients did not show any metastasis. In the remaining 24 patients, bone marrow metastases were confirmed at 70 lesions. With analysis on a lesion-by-lesion basis, FDG-PET imaging showed a sensitivity of 91.4% for detection of bone marrow metastasis, which was significantly higher than the sensitivity of 50% for bone scintigraphy, (p Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FDG-PET imaging in detecting bone marrow metastases are higher than those of MRI and bone scans. Bone scan has the lowest statistical results in detecting bone marrow metastases from the primary malignancies mentioned above included in this study. Furthermore, FDG-PET imaging can provide more information for the extent of the disease outside the bone marrow. FDG-PET scan should be included in the work up of the patients with suspected bone marrow metastatic disorder.
Managing Early and Late Postoperative Complications Following Gastric Surgery

Gastric cancer surgery is associated with morbidity rates of 20–30 % and 30-day mortality rates of 4–5 %, based on multi-institutional quality improvement program data. Patients who undergo total gastrectomy have higher morbidity and mortality rates than do patients who undergo subtotal gastrectomy. Resection of adjacent organs also increases the risk of major postoperative complications. Frequently reported complications after gastrectomy include wound and intra-abdominal infection, dehiscence, pulmonary complications, myocardial infarction, thromboembolic complications, and anastomotic leakage. In addition to the standard early postoperative complications of major abdominal surgery, patients undergoing gastric resection are prone to several unique clinical syndromes often referred to as postgastrectomy syndromes. Although these syndromes were more common when peptic ulcer disease was frequently treated with surgery, these syndromes may also manifest in long-term survivors of gastric cancer and therefore are important survivorship issues. Postgastrectomy syndromes and late complications discussed in this chapter include dumping syndrome, afferent limb syndrome, efferent limb syndrome, Roux stasis syndrome, bile reflux gastritis, and postvagotomy diarrhea.
Magnetic Capture of a Molecular Biomarker from Synovial Fluid in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis

Biomarker development for osteoarthritis (OA) often begins in rodent models, but can be limited by an inability to aspirate synovial fluid from a rodent stifle (similar to the human knee). To address this limitation, we have developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based technology to collect biomarkers from a rodent stifle, termed magnetic capture. Using a common OA biomarker--the c-terminus telopeptide of type II collagen (CTXII)--magnetic capture was optimized in vitro using bovine synovial fluid and then tested in a rat model of knee OA. Anti-CTXII antibodies were conjugated to the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide-containing polymeric particles. Using these anti-CTXII particles, magnetic capture was able to estimate the level of CTXII in 25 μL aliquots of bovine synovial fluid; and under controlled conditions, this estimate was unaffected by synovial fluid viscosity. Following in vitro testing, anti-CTXII particles were tested in a rat monoiodoacetate model of knee OA. CTXII could be magnetically captured from a rodent stifle without the need to aspirate fluid and showed tenfold changes in CTXII levels from OA-affected joints relative to contralateral control joints. Combined, these data demonstrate the ability and sensitivity of magnetic capture for post-mortem analysis of OA biomarkers in the rat.
Cyanide Poisoning From a Cosmetic Nail Remover

Delayed cyanide toxicity is illustrated in the case of a 23-month-old child who ingested Super Nail Nail Off. This product has 98% to 100% acetonitrile and is used to remove sculptured nails. When ingested or inhaled by mammals, acetonitrile, an aliphatic nitrile, is metabolized to cyanide.1-5. Several deaths following inhalation of acetonitrile in industrial settings have been reported.6,7 Ingestion of acetonitrile has resulted in only one reported death.8 We present the following case to alert primary care physicians to the delayed cyanide toxicity of this product. CASE REPORT A previously well 23-month-old boy was seen in the emergency department 12 hours after the ingestion of appproximately 60 mL of Super Nail Nail Off.
Robustness to channel variation in source coding for transmission across noisy channels

We consider the problem of lossy source coding for transmission across an unknown or time-varying noisy channel. The objective is to design an optimal compression system for applications where the unknown channel characteristics are independently estimated at the channel encoder and decoder. Channel estimation reliability is allowed to vary from perfect channel identification to no channel identification. In each case, the goal in system design and operation is to achieve the best possible expected performance with respect to the unknown channel state and the accuracy of the channel estimators. We describe an optimal design technique and an algorithm for achieving optimal expected performance for the entire array of channel estimation accuracies. The resulting system achieves up to 9 dB improvement over the performance on a system designed assuming zero probability of error when used to encode a collection of medical brain scans for transmission across a finite state channel containing two equally probable binary symmetric channels with crossover probabilities .05 and .001.
Frequency synthesizer for on-chip testing and automated tuning

This paper presents a compact, phase-locked loop (PLL) based, frequency synthesizer suitable for built-in testing and automatic tuning applications operating in the 100 MHz frequency range. Key features of this design include a differential charge pump with common mode feedback (CMFB) and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) based on a pseudo-differential OTA with a linear transconductance control and tuning invariant output resistance. Experimental results from an integrated prototype fabricated using standard 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology are presented. The measured HD3 of the output signal is better than -39 dB over 80% of the tuning range: 40-160 MHz. The circuit occupies a silicon area of 200/spl times/1000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and operates from a 3.3 V power supply.
Identification of anthocyanins in muscadine grapes with HPLC-ESI-MS

Muscadine grapes are important fruits grown in the southeastern United States. They are a good source of anthocyanins, but confirmatory analyses of the structure of individual anthocyanins in muscadine grapes using more advanced instrument are lacking. In this study, the anthocyanins of muscadine grapes were analyzed using HPLC-MS with electrospray ionization. Approximately 90% of the total anthocyanins were 3,5-diglucoside of delphinidin, cyanidin and petunidin; the remaining 10% were 3,5-diglucoside of peonidin and malvidin. There was a significant difference of total anthocyanin content among different cultivars of muscadine grapes with purple-skinned muscadine grapes having significantly higher levels of anthocyanins than bronze-skinned muscadine grapes. The total anthocyanin content in purple-skinned Jumbo and Cowart muscadine was 4.1 and 2.6 mg/g dry weight, respectively, while the total anthocyanin content in bronze-skinned Higgin and Carlos was negligible. The anthocyanins were mainly concentrated in the skin of the grapes. The results of the present study confirmed some of the anthocyanins reported by previous studies and also found one anthocyanin that might be falsely identified by previous studies.
LiNbO/sub 3/: where do we go from here?

This presentation explores new process technologies, devices, and applications of LiNbO/sub 3/ developed since its first commercial success-the traveling wave modulator. Topics range from thin film growth to entangled photon sources-and their potential impact on communications and sensor systems.
The integration of evidence-based practice and research utilization in associate degree nursing curriculum: An approach at Mississippi University for Women

Mississippi University for Women faculty members, in their Associated Degree Nursing curriculum, have incorporated the use of article critiques, literature reviews, clinical integration, and group presentations to integrate both evidence-based practice and the needed skill of research use for their nursing graduates. This skill set will prepare them for an ever-changing health care profession.