cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Performance Under a Power Cap: A Comparison of Hardware, Software, and Hybrid Techniques

Power and thermal dissipation constrain multicore performance scaling. Modern processors are built such that they could sustain damaging levels of power dissipation, creating a need for systems that can implement processor power caps. A particular challenge is developing systems that can maximize performance within a power cap, and approaches have been proposed in both software and hardware. Software approaches are flexible, allowing multiple hardware resources to be coordinated for maximum performance, but software is slow, requiring a long time to converge to the power target. In contrast, hardware power capping quickly converges to the the power cap, but only manages voltage and frequency, limiting its potential performance. In this work we propose PUPiL, a hybrid software/hardware power capping system. Unlike previous approaches, PUPiL combines hardware's fast reaction time with software's flexibility. We implement PUPiL on real Linux/x86 platform and compare it to Intel's commercial hardware power capping system for both single and multi-application workloads. We find PUPiL provides the same reaction time as Intel's hardware with significantly higher performance. On average, PUPiL outperforms hardware by from 1:18-2:4 depending on workload and power target. Thus, PUPiL provides a promising way to enforce power caps with greater performance than current state-of-the-art hardware-only approaches.
Reliability of a measure of visual imagery.

The resurgence of interest in visual imagery has generated a number of studies concerned with the reliability of tests purporting to measure the ability to form visual images. Typically results have shown such tests to be internally consistent but not impressively reliable over time. However, only a few studies have investigated the reliability of Marks' ( 1 ) Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, which has been shown to be effective in predicting recall of both verbal ( 3 ) and pictorial material ( 1 ) . Odd/even and test-retest reliabilities of 0.85 and 0.74, respectively ( I ) , of 0.93 and 0.67, respectively ( 2 ) . have been found. This seems to indicate that a transient "state" is being measured . ,, by imagery tests rather than a more stable "trait." Present results challenge this interpretation. Initial testing was carried out on 119 students enrolled in introductory psychology. An unannounced second administration, for which 88 of the original subjects were present, took place 7 wk. later. Mean score on the questionnaire for the first administration was 2.31 ( S D = 0.75) and for the second administration 2.39 ( S D = 0.79). Odd/even reliability, stepped up by the Spearman-Brown formula, was 0.94 for the first administration and 0.96 for the second administration of the test. Test-retest reliability was 0.73. These results seem consistent with previous reliabilities of imagery questionnaires. However, inspection of the scatterplot of test vs retest scores showed that three subjects were greatly out of line with the remaining 85 subjects. Recalculation of the test-retest reliability without these three subjects yielded a coefficient of 0.87. Such results suggest that the ability to form visual images may actually be quite stable for most subjects and ephemeral for only a few. A principal components analysis was also performed for each administration of the test. A single general component accounted for 42% of the variance for the first administration and 52% of the test variance for the second administration of the test. All items loaded .50 or higher at each session with a mean loading of .65 (SD = .08) for the first administration and of .72 ( S D = .06) for the second. Coefficient alpha was 0.91 for the first session and 0.94 for the second. The high values of alpha, as well as the finding that a single general component accounted for approximately 50% of the test variance, suggest that the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire is a reasonably pure measure of the ability to form visual images. These results, along with the finding that the test is highly reliable over time for most subjects, suggest that imagery may be a stable trait and that the questionnaire may be a useful instrument with which to measure individual differences in the ability to form visual images
Alcohol Interventions for Greek Letter Organizations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 1987 to 2014.

OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and related problems among college student members of Greek letter organizations. METHOD: Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic database searches and reviews of reference sections of relevant articles, and studies were included if the study evaluated (a) an individual-level alcohol intervention, (b) sampled fraternity or sorority members, and (c) measured alcohol consumption or problems. Included were 15 studies with 21 separate interventions (n = 6,026; 18% women). Independent raters coded sample, design, methodological features, and intervention content. Between- and within-group weighted mean effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Potential moderators, determined a priori, examined variability in effect sizes. RESULTS: Interventions targeting fraternity or sorority members were not successful in reducing alcohol consumption and related problems relative to controls; however, participants in these interventions did reduce the quantity consumed on specific occasions and the frequency of drinking days from pre- to post-test. Interventions that addressed alcohol expectancies were associated with less alcohol consumption on specific occasions. Interventions that provided moderation strategies and skills-training, identified high-risk situations, or encouraged setting goals were associated with less reduction in the frequency of heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Extant alcohol interventions show limited efficacy in reducing consumption and problems among fraternity and sorority members. More robust interventions are needed for use with student members of Greek letter organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Ontogeny of plasma proteins, albumin and binding of diazepam, cyclosporine, and deltamethrin.

To characterize the ontogeny of plasma albumin and total proteins, due to the lack of a comprehensive pediatric database. Secondly, to establish the magnitude and duration of maturational changes in binding of highly-bound drugs/chemicals. Anonymized plasma samples from 296 donors were pooled in 6 age brackets from birth to adolescence. Total protein and albumin levels were measured in each age group, as was the age-dependency of plasma binding of diazepam (DZP), cyclosporine (CYC), and deltamethrin (DLM), a pyrethroid insecticide. Plasma levels of albumin and total proteins steadily increased for the first 1–3 y of life. Unbound DZP and CYC fractions were elevated three- to fourfold in neonates, but decreased to adult levels after 1 and 3 y, respectively. Unbound DLM levels exceeded those in adults for just 1 mo. Neonates and infants under 1–3 y may be at risk from increased amounts of free drug, when given standard doses of some highly-bound drugs. Pyrethroid insecticides might be anticipated to pose increased risk for 1 mo.
Neophyte Qualitative Researcher Finding His Voice Through Qualitative Journeys

If you are looking for a book written about the qualitative research experience, you can find it in Victor Minichiello and Jeffery A. Kottler’s (2010c) edited volume Qualitative Journeys: Student and Mentor Experiences with Research. For a neophyte qualitative researcher who is finding his voice as a budding qualitative scholar, this book serves as an inspiration. This easy-to-read book gives a firsthand look at what other new, and oftentimes struggling, qualitative researchers experienced as they began their research journeys. Overall, the book builds a sense of excitement and interest in the qualitative paradigm; and, after reading it, I am energized to move forward with my own qualitative journey.
76 – Colon and Rectal Cancer in Women

This chapter discusses various clinical characteristics colorectal cancer (CRC) in women. The majority of CRCs are adenocarcinomas, which arise from the colorectal epithelium typically from an existing benign adenomatous polyp (also called adenoma). Adenomas may develop 10 or more years before CRC, although only about one-tenth of adenomas are thought to progress to malignancy. Adenomas are neoplastic growths of the colorectal epithelium that extend into the lumen. Other non-adenomatous polyps, such as the common hyperplastic polyp, are not neoplastic and are not considered to be cancer precursors. Although the role of reproductive factors in CRC etiology is not entirely clear, one factor, postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use, deserves further consideration. Besides usefulness in ameliorating peri- and post-menopausal symptoms, PMH use has already acknowledged benefits for cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, and risks for endometrial and breast cancer. Because its use is widespread and the benefit in Western societies may be far reaching, it is important to uncover whether the observed association is causal or merely represents bias. Even if replacement hormones are conclusively shown to reduce risk of CRC, each women and her physician must weigh the risks and benefits of use based on her personal and family history of disease.
Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of a Spiral Antenna Using a Circularly Symmetric HIS

A circularly symmetric high-impedance surface (HIS) is used as a ground plane in the design of a low-profile two-arm spiral antenna. It is shown through simulations that an HIS with circular periodicity provides 16 $\%$ and 11.3 $\%$ greater operational and fractional bandwidths, respectively, for spiral antennas compared to canonical rectangular HISs. It is also observed that with the aid of a circular HIS ground plane, the gain of the spiral antenna increases for 2.5 dB compared to when a rectangular HIS is used as a ground plane. Measurements are performed to validate the simulations; a very good agreement is indicated.
A combined experimental and theoretical study of enthalpy of phase transition and fusion of yttria above 2000 °C using “drop-n-catch” calorimetry and first-principles calculation

Abstract “Drop-n-catch” calorimetry was performed on Y2O3 spheroids of 2–3 mm in diameter, prepared by laser melting of powders. Samples were aerodynamically levitated in a splittable nozzle levitator in air or argon flow, laser heated from ∼2200 to 3000 °C and dropped into a calorimeter at 25 °C, thus measuring their enthalpy as a function of temperature. The fusion enthalpy of cubic Y2O3 was derived from the step in the temperature–enthalpy curve as 119 ± 10 kJ/mol. Calculations performed using density functional theory and molecular dynamics techniques produced the value 127 ± 3 kJ/mol Y2O3. This combined methodology enables accurate determination of the enthalpies of fusion and phase transition of refractory oxides, including those containing lanthanides and actinides.
Development of Embryonic Market Squid, Doryteuthis opalescens, under Chronic Exposure to Low Environmental pH and [O2].

The market squid, Doryteuthis opalescens, is an important forage species for the inshore ecosystems of the California Current System. Due to increased upwelling and expansion of the oxygen minimum zone in the California Current Ecosystem, the inshore environment is expected to experience lower pH and [O2] conditions in the future, potentially impacting the development of seafloor-attached encapsulated embryos. To understand the consequences of this co-occurring environmental pH and [O2] stress for D. opalescens encapsulated embryos, we performed two laboratory experiments. In Experiment 1, embryo capsules were chronically exposed to a treatment of higher (normal) pH (7.93) and [O2] (242 μM) or a treatment of low pH (7.57) and [O2] (80 μM), characteristic of upwelling events and/or La Nina conditions. The low pH and low [O2] treatment extended embryo development duration by 5-7 days; embryos remained at less developed stages more often and had 54.7% smaller statolith area at a given embryo size. Importantly, the embryos that did develop to mature embryonic stages grew to sizes that were similar (non-distinct) to those exposed to the high pH and high [O2] treatment. In Experiment 2, we exposed encapsulated embryos to a single stressor, low pH (7.56) or low [O2] (85 μM), to understand the importance of environmental pH and [O2] rising and falling together for squid embryogenesis. Embryos in the low pH only treatment had smaller yolk reserves and bigger statoliths compared to those in low [O2] only treatment. These results suggest that D. opalescens developmental duration and statolith size are impacted by exposure to environmental [O2] and pH (pCO2) and provide insight into embryo resilience to these effects.
Intercomparisons of Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Properties from the ARM CAP-MBL Campaign and Two MODIS Cloud Products

Department of Energy (DOE) Regional & Global Climate Modeling Program [DE-SC0014641]; U.S. National Science Foundation through the MRI program [CNS-0821258, CNS-1228778]; U.S. National Science Foundation through the SCREMS program [DMS-0821311]
Examining the structure-activity relationship of benzopyran-based inhibitors of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway

Many forms of solid tumor have a characteristic feature known as hypoxia, which describes a low or non-existent presence of oxygen in the cellular microenvironment. This decrease in oxygen causes activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which activates the transcription of many genes that cause cell proliferation, metastasis, increased glycolysis and angiogenesis. Increased HIF expression has been linked with poor patient prognosis, increased malignancy, and therapeutic resistance. Previous work in our lab has identified 1 and 2 as inhibitors of the HIF pathway, specifically as disrupters of the p300-HIF-1α complex formation. A library of sulfonamide analogs has been designed and synthesized with the intent of examining the SAR of this series of compounds and improving potency and physicochemical properties as compared with lead compounds 1 and 2. At the end, we have achieved a thorough understanding of the structural features critical for future optimization work.
PET imaging of c-Met in cancer with 64Cu-labeled hepatocyte growth factor

115 Objectives Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, c-Met, is pivotal in tumor progression/metastasis. C-Met is also associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. Development of positron emission tomography (PET) agents for assessing c-Met expression is critical for patient stratification and monitoring of responses to c-Met-targeted therapies. Herein we report the expression and characterization of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rh-HGF), and its use for non-invasive PET imaging of tumor c-Met expression. Methods rh-HGF was expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and purified by nickel-nitrilogriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography. rh-HGF was conjugated to 2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (i.e. p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) and labeled with 64Cu. c-Met binding/affinity evaluation by flow cytometry was performed in both U87MG and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which express high and low level of c-Met, respectively. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in nude mice bearing U87MG and MDA-MB-231 tumors. Ex vivo histopathology was performed to elucidate the expression patterns of c-Met in different tissues/organs, and to validate the in vivo results. Results The rh-HGF expression yield was 150-200 μg of protein per 5×106 cells after 48 h of transfection, with purity of ~85%. Flow cytometry examination confirmed strong and specific binding of rh-HGF to c-Met. After labeling with 64Cu, PET imaging revealed specific and prominent uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF in c-Met-expressing U87MG tumors (5.5±2.0, 6.7±1.5, 6.8±1.8, 5.9±1.4 and 5.4±0.9 %ID/g at 0.5, 3, 9, 15 and 24 h post-injection respectively; n=4), which were several fold higher than that in MDA-MB-231 tumors (c-Met negative). The fact that 64Cu-labeled heat-denatured rh-HGF (which did not bind to c-Met) had significantly lower uptake in U87MG tumors, along with histology results, confirmed the c-Met specificity of 64Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF in vivo. Conclusions This study confirmed that 64Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF can enable in vivo imaging of tumor c-Met expression, which may find broad clinical applications.
Progression of heart failure from AHA/ACC stage A to stage B or even C: can we all agree we should try to prevent this from happening?

Over the past decade, cardiology in general has dramatically improved and enhanced the distribution of guidelines. The scope of data and opinion that is summarized in these various guidelines is nothing short of astounding. The diagnosis and treatment of heart failure (HF) is one disease area that
Mesoscopic Reaction–Diffusion Fronts Control Biomorph Growth

Biomorphs are inorganic assemblies of crystalline nanorods that form noncrystalline microshapes such as helices, funnels, and leaf-shaped sheets. This nanoscale-to-microscale self-organization occurs from simple reactants in aqueous solution and suggests new engineering methods as well as insights into biomineralization; to date, however, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here we describe a reaction–diffusion model for sheet growth that reproduces the experimentally observed biomorph shapes. The sheet edges are logarithmic spirals caused by the propagation failure of the crystallization front. The resulting defect motion is dynamically related to nonlinear wave dynamics in subexcitable media such as the photoinhibited Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. An expanded model includes a nematic-like director field that sets the average nanorod orientation irreversibly during crystallization. The growth front of worm-like biomorph helices also obeys logarithmic spirals, suggesting future applications of ...
iSoft: A Customizable Soft Sensor with Real-time Continuous Contact and Stretching Sensing

We present iSoft, a single volume soft sensor capable of sensing real-time continuous contact and unidirectional stretching. We propose a low-cost and an easy way to fabricate such piezoresistive elastomer-based soft sensors for instant interactions. We employ an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technique to estimate changes of resistance distribution on the sensor caused by fingertip contact. To compensate for the rebound elasticity of the elastomer and achieve real-time continuous contact sensing, we apply a dynamic baseline update for EIT. The baseline updates are triggered by fingertip contact and movement detections. Further, we support unidirectional stretching sensing using a model-based approach which works separately with continuous contact sensing. We also provide a software toolkit for users to design and deploy personalized interfaces with customized sensors. Through a series of experiments and evaluations, we validate the performance of contact and stretching sensing. Through example applications, we show the variety of examples enabled by iSoft.
Inquiry-Based Geology Field Course for In-Service Educators

Eight in-service teachers and two instructors engaged in an inquiry-based geology field course from June 14 to 29, 2014 through Wyoming, South Dakota, and Nebraska. This team of learners spent three days in mid-June working in the Grand Teton National Park area. The UW-NPS facilities provide an excellent opportunity for participants to discover the natural history of the Teton Range, as well as close-out a few projects while sitting in a real chair, at a real table, a welcome change from our usual campground setting.
Missing Persons and Disaster Victim Identification Efforts

Through either direct matches or kinship analysis, DNA testing can benefit efforts to name the dead in missing persons and disaster victim identification (DVI) efforts. Family members may be asked to contribute a biological sample for comparison purposes to the unidentified human remains recovered during a missing persons investigation or as part of the aftermath of a mass fatality incident. Issues faced during these identification efforts are described and experiences with a number of DVI incidences are reviewed including work performed following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
Short-term Cataclysmic Events in Premodern Complex Societies

This paper surveys a group of natural hazards such as droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, locusts, transient weather events, and volcanos, conceiving of all of them as belonging to a broader category of short-term cataclysmic events (SCEs). Although the event types differ in their primary effects, their secondary and tertiary effects disrupt premodern human societies in similar ways. The main types of SCEs are further examined in light of the three main groups of sources – historical, archaeological and climate proxies – together with references and examples.
Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains unclear. We investigated whether HIV infection is associated with an incre...
A C ¿ Lagrange Inversion Theorem

Naturally there are questions of existence and convergence associated with (2). We will discuss these in due course. The purpose of this note is to present a short and transparent derivation of (2) based on the Laplace transform under hypotheses less stringent than are usually imposed. Krantz and Parks [6] present a history of Lagrange's inversion theorem. Several different derivations of (2) can be found in the modem literature:
Ethical rejections of xenotransplantation? The potential and challenges of using human-pig chimeras to create organs for transplantation.

EMBO Reports (2018) 19: e46337[OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] Gene editing and stem cell biotechnologies are being applied to create chimeric animals with human organs, which could alleviate the current shortage of human organs for transplantation. While the medical benefits of xenotransplantation appear to be significant, we discuss specific ethical, medical, cultural, and financial challenges and potential solutions that need to be addressed before clinical trials using organs from human‐animal chimeras should begin. > The use of animal organs to replace defective organs in human patients dates back at least to 1838 when the first pig‐to‐human corneal transplant was performed. Organ transplantation has a long history. The use of animal organs to replace defective organs in human patients dates back at least to 1838 when the first pig‐to‐human corneal transplant was performed. The first human skin transplant was done in 1869, the first successful kidney transplant between fraternal twins took place in 1954, and the first heart transplant was performed in 1967. Aortic valve replacement with a porcine heart valve was first reported 2 years later in 1969 and continues to be used to this day. Notwithstanding, of the clinical successes, organ transplantation has been held back by a huge shortage of people willing to donate their organs. Currently, more than 115,000 people are organ transplant candidates in the USA; 75,000 of these are on the national organ waiting list (https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov). About 25% of patients on the list die before an organ becomes available. Xenotransplantation—using organs from animals for transplantation—has great potential to alleviate this organ shortage. However, tissue rejection and infections have greatly limited the effectiveness of cross‐species transplantations. Recent advances in biotechnology, including gene editing and stem cell science, may provide the key elements needed to create animals that grow human organs for transplantation. Research is currently focusing on growing human hearts, … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DEMBO%2BReports%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.15252%252Fembr.201846337%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F29991538%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=embor&resid=19/8/e46337&atom=%2Fembor%2F19%2F8%2Fe46337.atom
Observations on the use of the intrauterine pessary, with special reference to the Grafenberg ring.

Experience with the Grafenberg type of intrauterine ring which was inserted in 128 pateints from 1949 to 1960 is related. The patients were under observation for from 1 to 11 years. Their parity ranged from 1 to 4. In 527 exposure years 6 pregnancies occurred. In only 1 case was the ring found in the uterine cavity remaining there with the pregnancy. The ring was removed in 13 cases because the patients contemplated pregnancy and conception followed readily in all cases. In 5 cases there was excessive menstrual bleeding. Spontaneous expulsion of the ring occurred in 5 cases within 3 months after insertion. Dysmenorrhea pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic malignancies were not present in the series. The mode of action of the Grafenberg ring as an effective contraceptive is not clear but it does appear that the ring discourages implantation of the ovum preventing nidation rather than fertilization. There was 1 case of tubal pregnancy in the series which might support this theory. An addendum notes that no further pregnancies have occurred in 648 total exposure years.
Urinary tract infection is common in VLBW infants.

Determine the significance of urinary tract infection (UTI) as a cause of late onset sepsis (LOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Analysis of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine culture results in VLBW infants >72-h old, admitted to the Georgetown University Hospital NICU between 2005 and 2015. Of 527 VLBW infants, 297 (56.4%) underwent 911 evaluations for LOS; only one-third included urine cultures. UTI was diagnosed in 8.5% of VLBW infants (range 2–15.9%) and in 13.8% of infants weighing < 1000 g at birth. Gram-negative infections predominated. Concomitant blood cultures were negative in 96% of infants. UTI was more common than bloodstream infection by 2015. UTI is a significant cause of infection in VLBW infants. Urine culture should be included in all LOS evaluations in order to facilitate accurate diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Cultural Sensitivity in Global Outreach

A profound need exists for increased numbers of trained medical professionals and access to health care and resources to combat global blindness. Ophthalmologists have a tremendous opportunity to contribute around the world through direct clinical and surgical care, skills transfer, education, research, and leadership development. In order to deliver optimal care and have a rewarding experience with international volunteerism, it is critical for physicians to have an understanding of traditions and customs of different countries. In this chapter, several culturally determined characteristics that commonly arise in healthcare interactions are discussed to enhance a trusting and meaningful exchange between physicians and patients.
Adult Aortotracheal Fistula as Sequela of Double Aortic Arch Repair in Infancy: A Case Report.

Introduction:Double aortic arch is a rare congenital malformation of the aortic arch that most frequently presents in childhood. Early surgical intervention typically yields excellent outcomes.Obje...
Two-Step Sub/Supercritical Water and Ethanol Processes for Non-Catalytic Biodiesel Production

Abstract The catalyst-free two-step process has been developed for biodiesel production using low-grade feedstocks. The first step consists of triglycerides hydrolysis under subcritical water conditions to generate and increase free fatty acid (FFA) content for ethyl ester production. In its subcritical state, water can be used as both a solvent and a reactant for the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The hydrolyzed product mixture is separated by decantation into the oil phase of FFA (upper layer) and a water phase that contains glycerol (lower layer). In the second step, the hydrolyzed products of free fatty acids were successfully esterified to their ethyl ester in supercritical ethanol conditions without any catalyst. Under the sub- and supercritical conditions of water and ethanol, the hydrolysis and the esterification reactions proceed quickly, with a conversion of greater than 98 % after 10−20 min. This two-step process for biodiesel production offers several advantages, such as milder reaction conditions and pollution reduction due to the use of water instead of organic solvents. Also, the glycerol is removed after the hydrolysis reaction so that the backward reaction between the glycerol and the ethyl ester disappears, and lead to the biodiesel yield and quality improvement. The aim of this study is making a comparison between our previous one-step process and the two-step reaction process to find the best pathway for designing and building an integrated reactor. Indeed, the two-step process is more applicable for low-grade feedstocks with a high amount of FFA and water.
Fun ride or risky transport: Golf cart-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments from 2007 through 2017.

Abstract Introduction: Golf cart-related injuries constitute a substantial source of morbidity, most notably in pediatric populations. Despite the high rate of injuries, there have been no meaningful changes in golf cart design or legislation to reduce the overall burden of these injuries. This study sought to characterize the epidemiology of golf cart-related injuries treated in United States hospital emergency departments. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for patients of all ages who were treated in emergency departments (EDs) (2007–2017) for a golf cart-related injury. Results: From 2007 through 2017, an estimated 156,040 (95% CI = 102,402–209,679) patients were treated in U.S. EDs for golf cart-related injuries. The average rate of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in children (1.62 per 100,000 children) was more than three times that of TBIs in adults (0.52 per 100,000 adults; rate ratio = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.36–2.41) and nearly twice that of TBIs in seniors (1.11 per 100,000 seniors; rate ratio = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.19–1.22). The rate of injuries in seniors increased significantly by 67.6% from 4.81 per 100,000 seniors in 2007 to 8.06 per 100,000 seniors in 2017 (slope = 0.096; p = 0.041). Conclusions: Golf cart use remains an important source of injury for people of all ages, especially in children. As use continues to increase, it is unlikely that golf cart-related injuries will decrease without substantial changes to product design, regulation, and/or legislation. Practical Applications: Use of golf carts pose a considerable risk of injury and morbidity; safety recommendations should be followed.
Molecular Speciation of Size Fractionated Particulate Water-Soluble Organic Carbon by Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Particulate matter is associated with increased morbidity and mortality; its effects depend on particle size and chemical content. It is important to understand the composition and resultant toxicological profile of particulate organic compounds, the largest and most complex fraction of particulate matter. The objective of the study was to delineate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral fingerprint of the biologically relevant water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction of size fractionated urban aerosol. A combination of one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy methods was used. The size distribution of particle mass, water-soluble extract, non-exchangeable organic hydrogen functional types and specific biomarkers such as levoglucosan, methane sulfonate, ammonium and saccharides indicated the contribution of fresh and aged wood burning emissions, anthropogenic and biogenic secondary aerosol for fine particles and primary traffic exhausts and pollen for large particles. Humic-like macromolecules in the fine particle size range included branched carbon structures containing aromatic, olefinic, keto and nitrile groups and terminal carboxylic and hydroxyl groups such as terpenoid-like polycarboxylic acids and polyols. Our study show that 2D-NMR spectroscopy can be applied to study the chemical composition of size fractionated aerosols.
Accelerating parameter estimation of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence using adaptive frequency resolutions

Bayesian parameter estimation of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence (CBC) typically requires the generation of millions of computationally expensive template waveforms. We propose a technique to reduce the cost of waveform generation by exploiting the chirping behavior of CBC signal. Our technique does not require waveforms at all frequencies in the frequency range used in the analysis, and does not suffer from the fixed cost due to the upsampling of waveforms. Our technique speeds up the parameter estimation of typical binary neutron star signal by a factor of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ for the low-frequency cutoff of 20 Hz, and $\mathcal{O}({10}^{2})$ for 5 Hz. It does not require any offline preparations or accurate estimates of source parameters provided by detection pipelines.
Analyzing the Quality of Aesthetic Surgery Procedure Videos on TikTok.

BACKGROUND: TikTok is one of the most popular and fastest-growing social media apps in the world. Previous studies have analyzed the quality of patient education information on older video platforms, but the quality of plastic and cosmetic surgery videos on TikTok has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the source and quality of certain cosmetic procedure videos on TikTok. METHODS: The TikTok mobile application was queried for content related to 2 popular face procedures (rhinoplasty and blepharoplasty) and 2 body procedures (breast augmentation and abdominoplasty). Two independent reviewers analyzed video content according to the DISCERN scale, a validated, objective instrument that assesses the quality of information on a scale of 1 to 5. Quality scores were compared between videos produced by medical and nonmedical creators and between different content categories. RESULTS: The included videos attracted 4.8 billion views and 76.2 million likes. Videos were created by medical doctors (56%) and laypersons (44%). The overall average DISCERN score out of 5 corresponded to very poor video quality for rhinoplasty (1.55), blepharoplasty (1.44), breast augmentation (1.25), and abdominoplasty (1.29). DISCERN scores were significantly higher among videos produced by doctors than by laypersons for all surgeries. Comedy videos consistently had the lowest average DISCERN scores, whereas educational videos had the highest. CONCLUSIONS: It is increasingly important that medical professionals understand the possibility of patient misinformation in the age of social media. We encourage medical providers to be involved in creating quality information on TikTok and educate patients about misinformation to best support health literacy.
Gastrointestinal lymphoma

The ability to make treatment recommendations for patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma is hampered by a lack of prospective trials and by a lack of uniformity in classification and staging. Patients with gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma have traditionally been treated with surgery and many physicians continue to recommend this approach. However, recent data suggest that these patients can be treated with combination chemotherapy regimens in the same manner as patients with nodal presentations of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. There is evidence to suggest that adjuvant radiotherapy may improve the outcome for these patients. The recognition that extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is a distinct clinicopathologic entity and the elucidation of the pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori has revolutionized the treatment of these gastric lymphomas. Patients with localized disease should be managed with antibiotic therapy initially. Radiation therapy is extremely effective for these patients, but it should probably be reserved for patients who fail anti-H. pylori treatment.
Children acknowledge physical constraints less when actors behave stereotypically: Gender stereotypes as a case study.

A fundamental part of understanding structural inequality is recognizing that constrained choices, particularly those that align with societal stereotypes, are poor indicators of a person's desires. This study examined whether children (N = 246 U.S. children, 53% female; 61% White, 24% Latinx; 5-10 years) acknowledge constraints in this way when reasoning about gender-stereotypical choices, relative to gender-neutral and gender-counterstereotypical choices. Results indicated that children more frequently inferred preferences regardless of whether the actor was constrained when reasoning about gender-stereotypical choices, as compared to gender-neutral or gender-counterstereotypical choices. We also found evidence of an age-related increase in the general tendency to acknowledge constraints. We discuss the broader implications of these results for children's understanding of constraints within society.
Generalized Fiducial Inference for Threshold Estimation in Dose–Response and Regression Settings

In many biomedical experiments, such as toxicology and pharmacological dose–response studies, one primary goal is to identify a threshold value such as the minimum effective dose. This paper applies Fisher’s fiducial idea to develop an inference method for these threshold values. In addition to providing point estimates, this method also offers confidence intervals. Another appealing feature of the proposed method is that it allows the use of multiple parametric relationships to model the underlying pattern of the data and hence, reduces the risk of model mis-specification. All these parametric relationships satisfy the qualitative assumption that the response and dosage relationship is monotonic after the threshold value. In practice, this assumption may not be valid but is commonly used in dose–response studies. The empirical performance of the proposed method is illustrated with synthetic experiments and real data applications. When comparing to existing methods in the literature, the proposed method produces superior results in most synthetic experiments and real data sets. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.
Instantaneous center/axis of rotation for planar and three-dimensional motion:

This article discusses a direct analytical method for calculating the instantaneous center of rotation and the instantaneous axis of rotation for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional motion, r...
Das Gehirn und die Einheitlichkeit bewußter Erfahrung

Ich glaube, das das Problem, uber das ich heute zu Ihnen sprechen werde, fur Sir Arthur Eddington von besonderem Interesse gewesen ware. In seinen Buchern wies er wiederholt auf das Problem des Bewustseins im Verhaltnis zur physikalischen Welt hin, uber die er mit so viel Vorstellungskraft und Verstehen sprach.
Silane reductions in acidic media : VIII. Boron trifluoride catalyzed organosilane reductions. selectivity and mechanism

Abstract Aldehydes and ketones are selectively reduced by organosilanes in boron trifluoride etherate through a process in which boron trifluoride is consumed and fluorosilanes are formed. Reductions of aldehydes and ketones by triethylsilane produce, after hydrolysis, alcohols and symmetrical ethers or, when aryl ketones are reduced, hydrocarbons. Two new synthetic transformations involving organosilanes, reductive elimination and acylation-reduction, are described. The mechanism of reduction in BF3 · Et2O is suggested to involve hydrosilylation of the boron trifluoride-activated carbonyl group followed by fluoride displacement at silicon. The stereoselectivity of the boron trifluoride catalyzed reduction in reactions with alkyl-substituted cyclohexanones is described and compared to similar transformations with other acid catalysts. The stereochemical data show that in hydride transfer reactions Lewis acid complexation with the carbonyl oxygen plays a major role in determining product selectivity.
Human-robot cooperative control for mobility impaired individuals

In this paper, we develop a human-robot cooperative control system to aid the independence of quadriplegic and other mobility impaired individuals. The hardware of the system consists of a 14-DOF dual-arm robot mounted on a wheelchair. The full system is commanded by the user using a sip-puff device to control any 3-DOF motion of the mobile manipulator system. A novel human-robot cooperative control strategy is proposed to combine the 3-DOF user input with autonomous control for this highly redundant system. The human input commands are formulated as soft equality constraints, while the obstacle avoidance, singularity avoidance and workspace limitation are formulated as inequality constraints based on the potential field functions. A new redundancy resolution control scheme is designed such that when the system is far from the inequality constraint boundaries, the human input will be followed. Near the constraint boundary, the human input commands will be automatically modified to prevent constraint violation. We show that such redundancy resolution scheme guarantees that the inequality constraints are always satisfied. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
iB4e : a software framework for parametrizing specialized LP problems

Given a polytope P, the classical linear programming (LP) problem asks us to find a point in P which attains maximal inner product with a given real objective vector c. When the objective is a vector of unknown parameters, the LP problem amounts to computing certain information about the polytope P, such as its vertices and normal fan.
Maximal length sequences for QPSK

Nonbinary m-sequences are developed for direct use in QPSK. These quaternary maximal-length sequences, which can be directly assigned to the four phases of QPSK, are generated from primitive polynomials whose coefficients are in the Galois field of 2/sup 2/ elements (GF(2/sup 2/)). The autocorrelation function for the quaternary m-sequence is shown to be two-level and the crosscorrelation function for preferred pairs of these quaternary m-sequences is shown to be three- and four-level, similar to the binary cases. A class of quaternary Gold codes for use in spread-spectrum multiple-access communication is developed for sequences whose coefficients are in GF(2/sup 2/). >
Oleic Acid and Its Positional Isomer, cis-Vaccinic Acid, in the Appendix of Sauromatum guttatum during Anthesis

The fatty acid profiles of various organs of the thermogenic inflorescence of Sauromatum guttatum and of the sporophylls of thermogenic male cones of two cycad species (Encephalartos ferox and Dioon edule var edule and var angustifolium) were determined by gas chromatography. During anthesis, palmitate (16:0), oleate [18:1 (9)], cis-vaccinate [18:1 (11)], and linoleate [18:2 (9, 12)] were the most abundant fatty acids in the Sauromatum appendix. cis-Vaccinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, was identified by comparing its retention time on a gas chromatography column and its mass spectrum to an authentic compound. The percentage of oleic acid from total fatty acids dropped from about 9 in the morning 3 d before heat production to 6 in the morning 2 d before heat production. At this time, the percentage of cis-vaccinic acid increased from 3 to 11%, and then remained at this level until the inflorescence dried and died. Palmitoleic acid [16:1 (9)], the common precursor of cis-vaccinic acid, is a minor component of total fatty acids. In six other organs of the Sauromatum inflorescence including thermogenic organs, such as male flowers and lower spadix, palmitate, oleate, and linoleate were prevalent but cis-vaccinate was not. The thermogenic male cones of the two cycad species were rich in palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acids. The level of cis-vaccinic acid in these organs was less than 0.5%.
Formal Verification of Safety-Critical Hybrid Systems

This thesis investigates how the formal modeling and verification techniques of computer science can be used for the analysis of hybrid systems [1,2,3,4]---systems involving both discrete and continuous behavior. The motivation behind such research lies in the inherent similarity of the hierarchical and decentralized control strategies of hybrid systems and the communication and operation protocols used for distributed systems in computer science. As a case study, the thesis focuses on the development of techniques that use hybrid I/O automata [5,6] to model and analyze automated vehicle transportation systems and, in particular, their various protection subsystems---control systems that are used to ensure that the physical plant at hand does not violate its various safety requirements. The thesis is split into two major parts. In the first part, we develop an abstract model of a physical plant and its various protection subsystems---also referred to as protectors. The specialization of this abstract model results in the specification of a particular automated transportation system. Moreover, the proof of correctness of the abstract model leads to simple correctness proofs of the protector implementations for particular specializations of the abstract model. In this framework, the composition of independent protectors is straightforward---their composition guarantees the conjunction of the safety properties guaranteed by the individual protectors. In fact, it is shown that under certain conditions composition holds for dependent protectors also. In the second part, we specialize the aforementioned abstract model to simplified versions of the personal rapid transit system (PRT 2000TM) under development at Raytheon Corporation. We examine overspeed and collision protection for a set of vehicles traveling on straight tracks, on binary merges, and on a directed graph of tracks involving binary merges and diverges. In each case, the protectors sample the state of the physical plant and take protective actions to guarantee that the physical plant does not reach hazardous states. The proofs of correctness of such protectors involve specializing the abstract protector to the physical plant at hand and proving that the suggested protector implementations are correct. This is done by defining simulations among the states of the protector implementations and their abstract counterparts. References 1 Robert L. Grossman, Anil Nerode, Anders P. Ravn, and Hans Rischel, editors. Hybrid Systems, volume 736 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag, 1993. This volume of LNCS was inspired by a workshop on the Theory of Hybrid Systems, held on Oct. 19-21, 1992 at the Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark, and by a prior Hybrid Systems Workshop, held on June 10-12, 1991 at the Mathematical Scsiences Institute, Cornell University. 2 Amir Pnueli and Joseph Sifakis, editors. Special Issue on Hybrid Systems, volume 138, part 1 of Theoretical Computer Science.