cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-ischemia causes abnormalities in glutamate transporters and death of astroglia and neurons in newborn striatum

The neonatal striatum degenerates after hypoxia-ischemia (H-I). We tested the hypothesis that damage to astrocytes and loss of glutamate transporters accompany striatal neurodegeneration after H-I. Newborn piglets were subjected to 30 minutes of hypoxia (arterial O2 saturation, 30%) and then 7 minutes of airway occlusion (O2 saturation, 5%), producing cardiac arrest, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Piglets recovered for 24, 48, or 96 hours. At 24 hours, 66% of putaminal neurons were injured, without differing significantly thereafter, but neuronal densities were reduced progressively (21-44%). By DNA nick-end labeling, the number of dying putaminal cells per square millimeter was increased maximally at 24 to 48 hours. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cell body densities were reduced 48 to 55% at 24 to 48 hours but then recovered by 96 hours. Early postischemia, subsets of astrocytes had fragmented DNA; later postischemia, subsets of astrocytes proliferated. By immunocytochemistry, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) was lost after ischemia in the astroglial compartment but gained in cells appearing as neurons, whereas neuronal excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) dissipated. By immunoblotting, GLT1 and EAAC1 levels were 85% and 45% of control, respectively, at 24 hours of recovery. Thus, astroglial and neuronal injury occurs rapidly in H-I newborn striatum, with early gliodegeneration and glutamate transporter abnormalities possibly contributing to neurodegeneration.
Techniques for Data Embedding in Image using Wavelet Extrema

In this work, we propose new multiresolution techniques for data embedding in imagery. The wavelet extrema of the image are exploited to embed data. We use the wavelet extrema of the dyadic non-orthogonal wavelet transform. These extrema represent high frequency points in the image, hence modifications in their neighborhoods have minor visual distortion.
Phagocytosis of Salmonella montevideo by Human Neutrophils: Immune Adherence Increases Phagocytosis, whereas the Bacterial Surface Determines the Route of Intracellular Processing

Complement-opsonized particles become immune adherent to complement receptor 1 (CR1 or CD35) on human erythrocytes, allowing particles to be ingested by phagocytes in the liver and the spleen. We investigated the role that immune adherence plays in the uptake and killing of Salmonella montevideo by human neutrophils. Exposure to serum induced loss of flagella and facilitated immune adherence, which was followed by more-efficient phagocytosis and killing, compared with that after exposure to serum-opsonized, free bacteria. One correlate of bacterial killing is the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes, which can be monitored by Lyso-Tracker or lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 colocalization with the intracellular bacteria. At 5 min, phagolysosmal fusion was significantly faster for immune-adherent bacteria than for non-immune-adherent bacteria, but, by 35 min, the difference between the 2 groups was minimal. Immune adherence also facilitated the ingestion of antibody complement-opsonized fluorescent microspheres, but, unlike bacteria, most internalized microspheres failed to fuse with lysosomes. However, addition of lipopolysaccharide, a Toll-like receptor ligand, to microspheres directed their intracellular trafficking, resulting in rapid lysosomal fusion. Thus, immune adherence facilitates phagocytosis, but the route of intracellular processing depends on the molecular nature of the target and is independent of host complement and antibody.
A computerized slot machine simulation to investigate the variables involved in gambling behavior

The present paper describes a computerized slot machine simulation designed to examine many of the potential variables involved in gambling behavior. This program was created in Visual Basic Version 6.0 and is designed to run on any Windows 95 or higher equipped computer. The program allows for experimenter manipulation of probabilities of payoffs, visual display of potential winning symbols, exact sequences of wins and losses, as well as pose run time questions to the subject on prespecified trials. The program records data on a trial-bytrial basis to a text file for easy importation into many data analysis and statistical programs. Conceptual and experimental questions that may be addressed with the described program are also discussed.
Receding Horizon Planning for Dubins Traveling Salesman Problems

In this paper we study the problem of finding the shortest global path of non-holonomic vehicles given a set of ordered waypoints. We represent the nonholonomic motion constraints using Dubins' model. Many approaches for this problem piece together smooth trajectories by considering the solution of consecutive two-point optimal trajectories, enforcing smoothness at waypoints by requiring continuity of the vehicle state between segments. In this paper, we extend the two point optimal Dubins path solution to consider three consecutive waypoints, with several variations. We use this solution in a receding horizon approach to compute a smooth path through the sequence of waypoints. We compare our approach to alternative algorithms based on two- and three-point solutions, and show the advantage of our receding horizon algorithm over these alternatives. We also consider the problem when the set of waypoints is specified, but not the order. For these problems, we compute the order using an approximate traveling salesman problem solution based on straight line distances, and then solve for a smooth path using the receding horizon algorithm. Our experimental results show that this is superior to alternative approaches proposed in the literature.
Economic Crisis and Political Regime Change: An Event History Analysis

I examine the effect of economic crises on domestic political regime change. Using a statistical technique known as event history analysis and a new data set that identifies all instances of regime change in the 97 largest Third World countries, I develop multivariate models of democratic breakdown and democratic transition. My main findings are that inflationary crises inhibited democratization from the 1950s through the early 1970s but may have facilitated it in the late 1980s and that recessionary crises facilitated democratic breakdown but had no effect on democratic transition throughout this period. The inflation findings—though not the recession findings—support the arguments of Karen Remmer and Samuel Huntington that the processes affecting democratization were very different in the 1980s than in earlier eras. A number of other explanatory variables emerge as significant determinants of regime change, providing support for several other contentions that have appeared in the literature.
The first systematic experimentation in music therapy: the genius of James Leonard Corning.

Background The development of music therapy in the United States prior to 1950 has a fascinating but not well known history. The present study illuminates the music therapy research of James Leonard Corning (1855-1923), a prominent neurologist practicing during the late nineteenth-century in New York City. Objective The purpose of this study was to provide biographical information and description of a series of music therapy experiments conducted by Corning. His 1899 article appearing in the Medical Record: A Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery summarized a series of inventive experiments using music to affect emotional states in people with mild behavioral-emotional and sleep disorders. Methods Information was analyzed using a set of primary and secondary sources from contemporaneous books, newspapers and journals. These sources provided biographical information and insight into his experimental methods. Recent sources provided a framework to help understand his conclusions from the viewpoint of late nineteenth-century physicians and for current practitioners of music therapy. Results Findings indicate that Corning's rationale for using music, visual figures and, occasional medication in the treatment of behavioral-emotional disorders was successful in influencing feelings and emotions in a positive way. He believed that during pre-sleep and sleep, cognitive processes became dormant, allowing the penetration of "musical vibrations" into the subconscious eliminating morbid thoughts that plagued his patients. Conclusions Understanding Corning's contributions to music therapy will assist contemporary educators and therapists to better understand the impact of early contributions to music therapy by late nineteenth-century practitioners such as Corning.
Toll-like receptor 8: augmentation of innate immunity in platinum resistant ovarian carcinoma

Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic cancer, with 15,000 anticipated deaths within the United States alone in 2012, and new treatment strategies are needed. Ovarian cancer tumors are known to host an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This suppression may be reversible via activation of the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor 8 activates innate immunity while simultaneously inhibiting the effects of regulatory T cells within the ovarian cancer tumors. VTX-2337 is a novel small molecule ligand of Toll-like receptor 8 and is currently the subject of a Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-3003 for patients with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. We look forward to the results of this trial as support for the paradigm of process therapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Valuing Multiple Employee Stock Options Issued by the Same Company

Stock options issued to employees has become a significant component of total compensation in many firms. Although option pricing technology has evolved remarkably over the years, valuing employee stock options (ESOs) still presents numerous challenges, and there is no model that is generally accepted in practice. Simply treating ESOs as if they were plain vanilla (American) stock options fails to take proper account of a number of their particular features. Along with vesting rules and the uncertainty they entail, these features include the fact that the equity of existing stockholders will be diluted when the ESOs are exercised. In that sense they resemble warrants rather than traded option contracts. Also, the fact that ESOs are issued on a regular basis means there are typically a number of outstanding ESOs with differing maturities and strike prices, which introduces interaction among them in valuation and in optimal exercise strategy. In this article, Dennis and Rendleman present a lattice technique to value ESOs that takes account of the effects of dilution and optimal exercise for a firm that has a diverse set of ESOs outstanding. Their approach increases computational efficiency substantially over the standard solution technique for a lattice model, but realistic problems still can become intractable as the number of time steps and options grows. Fortunately, the results indicate that in most cases, the effect of dilution and interaction among exercise decisions is present but relatively small.
Management of Syndesmotic Disruption in Ankle Fractures: A Critical Analysis Review.

The distal aspects of the tibia and fibula as well as the associated stabilizing ligamentous structures are collectively known as the ankle syndesmosis. The syndesmosis functions to maintain normal ankle kinematics and provide talar stability through a physiologic range of motion. Disruption of the ligamentous structures can occur in isolation or in the setting of an ankle fracture. The need for recognition and stabilization of syndesmotic instability following ankle trauma is well established. Recently, investigators have reevaluated best practices with regard to the assessment, reduction, and fixation of syndesmotic injuries. The effects of syndesmotic malreduction and failed stabilization have also been examined to a greater degree, resulting in new literature on this topic. The purpose of this article is to present the current evidence on syndesmotic injuries in the setting of an ankle fracture. The ankle syndesmosis comprises four ligamentous structures between the distal aspects of the tibia and fibula. The anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament originates from the anterolateral (Chaput) tubercle of the distal part of the tibia and inserts into the anterior (Wagstaffe) tubercle of the …
Adapting an American Non-Profit Model to an International For-Profit Model: A Case Study of Clean the World Business Model in Hong Kong

The non-profit sector in the United States had grown at a fast pace in the recent decades, partially as a result of the economic development and the influence of social and political factors. By pursuing mission rather other bottom line, nonprofit organizations faced fierce competition for government grants and private donations. Limited financial resources constrained their efforts to create social and environmental value. The emerging hybrid nonprofit business model offered a new approach for nonprofits to pursuing self-sustainable development both domestically and internationally. However, adapting a unique American nonprofit model into an international for-profit model could be challenging because of the creation of the for-profit organization in an international setting. Thus, the purpose of this case study was to show how an American hybrid nonprofit business model adapted its mission and operational approach to an Asian licensing for-profit business model. A comparative analysis was conducted on both nonprofit and for-profit operations of Clean the World operated respectively in the United States and Hong Kong, including expansion drivers in Hong Kong, differences and commonalities, advantages and disadvantages, and lessons learned thus far. This case study demonstrated that a CLEAN THE WORLD CASE STUDY 3 hybrid nonprofit could seek self-sustainable growth in a foreign country under certain circumstances.
Basolateral Kir4.1 activity in the distal convoluted tubule regulates K secretion by determining NaCl cotransporter activity.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Renal potassium (K) secretion plays a key role in maintaining K homeostasis. The classic mechanism of renal K secretion is focused on the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct, in which K is uptaken by basolateral Na-K-ATPase and is secreted into the lumen by apical ROMK (Kir1.1) and Ca-activated big conductance K channel. Recently, genetic studies and animal models have indicated that inwardly rectifying K channel 4.1 (Kir4.1 or Kcnj10) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) may play a role in the regulation of K secretion in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron by targeting the NaCl cotransporter (NCC). This review summarizes recent progresses regarding the role of Kir4.1 in the regulation of NCC and K secretion. RECENT FINDINGS Kir4.1 is expressed in the basolateral membrane of the DCT, and plays a predominant role in contributing to the basolateral K conductance and in participating in the generation of negative membrane potential. Kir4.1 is also the substrate of src-family tyrosine kinase and the stimulation of src-family tyrosine kinase activates Kir4.1 activity in the DCT. The genetic deletion or functional inhibition of Kir4.1 depolarizes the membrane of the DCT, inhibits ste20-proline-alanine rich kinase, and suppresses NCC activity. Moreover, the downregulation of Kir4.1 increases epithelial Na channel expression in the collecting duct and urinary K excretion. Finally, mice with low Kir4.1 activity in the DCT are hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia. SUMMARY Recent progress in exploring the regulation and the function of Kir4.1 in the DCT strongly indicates that Kir4.1plays an important role in initiating the regulation of renal K secretion by targeting NCC and it may serves as a K sensor in the kidney.
"Weekend Effect" or "Saturday Effect"? An Analysis of Hospital Mortality for Patients With Ischemic Stroke in South Carolina.

Most studies about the mortality difference between weekend and weekday admissions for acute stroke have used a weekend-versus-weekday dichotomy rather than exploring patterns of specific admit days.1 Studies assessing this “weekend effect” categorize discharges to hospice care without distinction from other survivors, a questionable classification given the definition of hospice. We explored differences in hospital outcomes for acute stroke admissions by each day in the week. We used the 2012 to 2013 State Inpatient Hospital Discharge Database (http://rfa.sc.gov/healthcare/dataoversight/restricted) for all acute ischemic stroke hospital admissions in South Carolina. This study was approved by the Clemson University Institutional Review Board. Patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke were identified based on the following International Classification of Diseases-9-CM codes: 433.x1, 434.91, 434.11, 434.01, and 436.01.2 The primary outcome was hospital mortality, labeled as “expired” for the discharge status. Among patients with nonfatal discharges, we performed further analyses of whether …
Problem Based Learning

Problem-based (and case-based) learning began in the 1960’s in medical schools and expanded to business, legal and engineering education. Problem-based and project-based (see also) modes of teaching are similar. The problem provides an opportunity for contextualized learning; proposed solutions (or explanations) arexoffered, discussed and defended through deep learning experiences.
Wireless underground channel diversity reception with multiple antennas for internet of underground things

Internet of underground things (IOUT) is an emerging paradigm which consists of sensors and communication devices, partly or completely buried underground for real-time soil sensing and monitoring. In this paper, the performance of different modulation schemes in IOUT communications is studied through simulations and experiments. The spatial modularity of direct, lateral, and reflected components of the UG channel is exploited by using multiple antennas. First, it has been shown that bit error rates of 10−3 can be achieved with normalized delay spreads (τ d ) lower than 0.05. Evaluations are conducted through the first software-defined radio-based field experiments for UG channel. Moreover, equalization has a significant impact on the performance improvement of an IOUT system. An 8-Tap DFE (decision-feedback equalizer) adaptive equalizer achieves better performance. It is also found that DBPSK, and DPSK are more suitable for digital communications in the UG channel without adaptive equalization. Then, two novel UG receiver designs, namely, 3W-Rake and Lateral-Direct-Reflected (LDR) are developed and analyzed for performance improvement. It has been shown that with a three antenna LDR design, BER of lower than 10−5 can be achieved. The BER of these two approaches are compared and the LDR has been shown to perform better.
Introduction of Oral Presentation and Job Interview Preparation

In this last chapter, we will do food microbiology literature review, practice oral presentation and mini-thesis writing, and practice mock job interview.
Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis in a 12-year-old survivor of stage IV neuroblastoma

Abstract Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis (PCE) is the second most common benign neoplasm of the epididymis [1]. It is very uncommon and has never been reported in a prepubertal male. It may occur sporadically, but more often occurs in association with von Hippel- Lindau (VHL) disease [2]. There have been over 60 reports of patients with such tumors, with the youngest patient being 16 years old. We present the case of a 12- year old male with a history of stage IV neuroblastoma. He presented with a left paratesticular mass that was discovered on routine follow up physical exam with his pediatric oncologist. He was asymptomatic at the time of presentation with no signs or symptoms of hypoandrogenism. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis was negative for lymphadenopathy and additional disease sites. Given the patient's history of stage IV neuroblastoma, there was suspicion of yolk sac tumor or metastases; he underwent an open radical left orchiectomy. Frozen section was consistent with yolk sac tumor, however final pathology revealed normal testicle with PCE. To date, this patient is the youngest reported patient with this diagnosis; furthermore papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis has never been reported in a patient with neuroblastoma.
Spires and Cathedrals: Artistic and Poetic Renderings of Yosemite’s Divine Features

In the latter half of the nineteenth century, especially between 1859 and 1872, Union officers and enlisted men, scientists and explorers, artists and writers traveled westward. Surveyors appraised and mapped; expeditionary members explored and then wrote, hoping to convey the wonders they had witnessed. The western wilderness was an enormous expanse, one that as easily represented commercial possibilities as it did a new ideal. Nevertheless, the western wilderness also mesmerized and inspired, provoking a type of awe and wonderment in its languorous canyons, exploding fumaroles, bubbling hot springs, and soaring granite spires. From the Rockies to the Sawtooths, from the Cascades to the Tetons, the mountains of the American West mystified and hypnotized those who saw them. The Sierra Nevadas, in particular, became the locus for artists and writers. Their paintings and publications, in turn, inspired entire groups to travel to the Yosemite Valley in order to ponder the sublime beauties of Nature found there. Through the paintings and sketches of Albert Bierstadt and Thomas Moran, and through the meticulous journal entries and travel narratives of Clarence King and John Muir—whose work as a Naturalist eventually helped establish the Valley as a National Park—Yosemite captured the imagination of the American people, as its spires, cliffs, and waterfalls had been artistically transformed from mere tourist destinations into sites of divine revelation.
Financial distress of newly founded service sector firms

An even more obvious source of unemployment than technological progress is the exit of incumbent firms. According to Schumpeter’s (1943) notion of ‘creative destruction’, the turnover of firms is closely related to technological progress: Newly founded firms enter the market with new and innovative products. They replace incumbent firms and are eventually substituted themselves by innovative entrants.
Curated journalism: A field theory approach to journalistic production by environmental non-governmental organizations:

Studies of environmental communication have primarily focused on environmental journalism produced in commercial newsrooms. Yet environmental non-governmental organizations have been producing jour...
Interior Point Methods for Supervised Training of Artificial Neural Networks with Bounded Weights

We investigate and demonstrate the benefits of applying interior point methods (IPM) in supervised learning of artificial neural networks. Specifically, three IPM algorithms are presented in this paper: a deterministic logarithmic barrier (LB), a stochastic logarithmic barrier function (SB) and a quadratic trust region method respectively. Those are applied to the training of supervised feedforward artificial neural networks. We consider neural network training as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Specifically, we put constraints on the weights to avoid network paralysis. In the case of the (LB) method, the search direction is derived using a recursive prediction error method (RPEM) that approximates the inverse of the Hessian of a logarithmic error function iteratively. The weights move on a center trajectory in the interior of the feasible weight space and have good convergence properties. For its stochastic version, at each iteration a stochastic optimization procedure is used to add random fluctuations to the RPEM direction in order to escape local minima. This optimization technique can be viewed as a hybrid of the barrier function method and simulated annealing procedure. In the third algorithm, we approximate the objective function by a quadratic convex function and use a trust region method to find the optimal weights. Computational experiments in approximation of discrete dynamical systems and medical diagnosis problems are also provided.
Teat and Udder Surgery

Teat and udder surgery is certainly one of the major areas of soft tissue surgery. In recent years, there have been great advances in what can be accomplished with teat and udder surgery. This article reviews teat and udder surgery from the simplest technique to the most complex. Diagnosis and prognosis are covered, as well as the actual surgical techniques.
An Efficient Primal Simplex Algorithm for Maximum Weighted Vertex Packing on Bipartite Graphs

We present in graphical terms a primal simplex algorithm for maximum weighted vertex packing on bipartite graphs. For a graph on n vertices, when all of the weights equal one, the number of pivots is bounded by n 2 and the running time of the algorithm is O( n 4 ). For general integer weights a scaling technique is used and the bounds are increased by a factor equal to the logarithm of the largest weight.
Lung stereotactic body radiotherapy after past ablative therapy: a single institution case series.

Aim Non-small-cell lung cancer recurs locally 10-40% of the time after local therapy, presenting a therapeutic challenge given poor pulmonary reserve. Herein, we seek to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for retreatment of such patients. Methods We identified and reviewed clinical outcomes in ten patients with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer after past vicryl mesh brachytherapy. Results Ten patients with a median age of 77 were treated to a median dose of 48 Gy in five fractions. Local control at 1 year was 88%. There was one distant failure at 29 months. There was no significant toxicity after SBRT. Conclusion SBRT is safe and effective when used for re-irradiation after past ablative therapies.
Alexithymia is associated with neural reactivity to masked emotional faces in adolescents who self-harm.

Abstract Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major, trans-diagnostic mental health problem among adolescents. Alexithymia has been identified as a developmental risk factor for NSSI. Research on how alexithymia relates to the neurobiology of automatic emotion processing is only beginning to emerge. This study evaluates the relationship between alexithymic features and neural responses to automatic processing of emotional content in adolescents with NSSI. Methods 25 female adolescents (ages 13–21) with a history of repeated engagement in NSSI completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a task in which participants were exposed to masked emotions. Results One facet of alexithymia, limited internal emotion awareness or externally-oriented thinking (EOT), was related to differential reactivity to masked emotional faces in clusters in the right supramarginal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus. Follow-up assessment of regional reactivity revealed that greater EOT is associated with lower activation to masked happy faces but higher activation to masked fearful faces. Other facets of alexithymia did not show relationships with reactivity to masked emotional faces. Limitations This is a cross-sectional and small sample that only includes females, which may attenuate generalizability of findings. Conclusions We report neural correlates of multiple facets of alexithymia in adolescents with NSSI. Among adolescents who self-harm, those with higher levels of EOT may be less alert to subtle positively-valenced emotion cues. For this subset of adolescents with NSSI, interventions designed to enhance mental representation of emotional responses and attention to positive emotions may be appropriate.
Sensory profile and quality of chemically leavened gluten-free sorghum bread containing different starches and hydrocolloids.

Background Starches and hydrocolloids are commonly used in gluten-free sorghum bread formulations to mimic wheat gluten functionality. The effect of different starches and hydrocolloids on the sensory profile and quality of gluten-free sorghum bread is unknown. In this research, a lexicon for chemically leavened gluten-free sorghum bread was developed and used to evaluate the sensory profile of sorghum bread made with potato starch plus xanthan gum, rice starch plus xanthan gum and tapioca starch plus hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Results A lexicon containing 28 attributes and references for appearance, aroma, flavor and texture/mouthfeel was developed by a panel highly trained in descriptive sensory analysis. The results obtained using sensory analysis and objective testing techniques showed that chemically leavened gluten-free sorghum bread containing rice starch plus xanthan gum or tapioca starch plus HPMC had a significantly better appearance while bread containing potato starch plus xanthan gum or rice starch plus xanthan gum had a significantly better texture/mouthfeel. Conclusion The combination of rice starch and xanthan gum resulted in chemically leavened gluten-free sorghum bread with better crumb appearance and texture/mouthfeel properties than bread made with potato starch plus xanthan gum or tapioca starch plus HPMC. Xanthan gum significantly increased the dietary fiber content of chemically leavened gluten-free sorghum bread.
Stereoselective Preparation of (Z)-α,β-Difluorostyrenes and Stereospecific Conversion to (E)-α,β-Difluoro-β-iodostyrenes1

Substituted aromatic iodides coupled with (E)-HFCCFZnI (E:Z 95:5) under mild conditions, in the presence of catalytic Pd(PPh3)4, in DMF to give (Z)-α,β-difluorostyrenes in good yields. The coupling reaction was tolerant of a variety of functionalities. Isomerically pure (Z)-α,β-difluorostyrenes were readily converted to the corresponding (E)-α,β-difluoro-β-iodostyrenes in good yields by two methods; in one method, treatment of the (Z)-α,β-difluorostyrenes with LTMP at low-temperature gave vinyllithium reagents which were captured in situ with Bu3SnCl to form vinylstannanes. The intermediate vinylstannanes could be isolated or treated directly with I2 to give (E)-α,β-difluoro-β-iodostyrenes in a one-flask procedure. In a second approach, n-BuLi was utilized to pregenerate vinyllithium reagents which were quenched with I2 to afford (E)-α,β-difluoro-β-iodostyrenes.
Pediatric Clinical and Social Concerns Identified by Home Visit Nurses in the Immediate Post‐Discharge Period

AIM To describe paediatric postdischarge concerns manifesting in the first 96 hr after hospital discharge. DESIGN Analysis of nursing documentation generated as part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a nurse home visit on healthcare re-use. METHODS We analysed home visit records of 651 children (age <18) hospitalized at a large Midwestern children's hospital in 2015 and 2016 who were enrolled in the trial. Registered nurses documented concerns in structured fields and free-text notes in visit records. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize visit documentation. Free-text visit notes were reviewed and exemplars illustrative of quantitative findings were selected. RESULTS Overall, nurses documented at least one concern in 56% (N = 367) of visits. Most commonly, they documented concerns about medication safety (15% or 91 visits). Specifically, in 11% (N = 58) of visits nurses were concerned that caregivers lacked a full understanding of medications and in 8% (N = 49) of visits families did not have prescribed discharge medications. Pain was documented as present in 9% of all visits (N = 56). Nurses completed referrals to other providers/services in 12% of visits (N = 78), most frequently to primary care providers. In 13% of visits (N = 85) nurses documented concerns considered beyond the immediate scope of the visit related to social needs such as housing and transportation. CONCLUSION Inpatient and community nurses and physicians should be prepared to reconcile and manage discharge medications, assess families' medication administration practices and anticipate social needs after paediatric discharge. IMPACT Little empirical data are available describing concerns manifesting immediately after paediatric hospital discharge. Concerns about medication safety were most frequent followed by concerns related to housing and general safety. The results are important for clinicians preparing children and families for discharge and for community clinicians caring for discharged children.
Surgical Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The mainstay of treatment involves medical therapy as well as dietary modification. For patients with more severe disease, surgical treatment has been shown to be efficatious. Surgical treatment of GERD includes repair of the hiatal hernia in addition to restoration of the anatomy of the gastroesophageal junction. In recent years, surgical therapy for GERD has been performed with a minimally invasive approach.
Abstract PR07: Impact of race on the uterine microbiome in women with early stage endometrial cancer

Introduction: African American (AA) women suffer a higher mortality from endometrial cancer (EC) than non-Hispanic white (NHW) women. Potential biological causes for this disparity in AA women include a higher risk of more lethal histologic/molecular subtypes and greater rates of obesity. We hypothesize that another biological factor driving his racial disparity is the uterine microbiome. Thus, we evaluated the microbiota of human ECs and assessed for variations by race. Methods: Banked tumor specimens of post-menopausal patients undergoing hysterectomy for early stage endometrioid ECs were identified. Tumors were analyzed from AA and NHW women and stratified as obese (BMI≥30kg/m2) or non-obese (BMI Citation Format: Gabrielle M. Hawkins, Amber N. McCoy, Andrew Olshan, Russell Broaddus, Wendy R. Brewster, Jeffrey Roach, Temitope Keku, Victoria L. Bae-Jump. Impact of race on the uterine microbiome in women with early stage endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.
Examining the Role of Family History of US Enslavement in Health Care System Distrust Today.

Objective Black/African American people have long reported high, albeit warranted, distrust of the US health care system (HCS); however, Blacks/African Americans are not a homogenous racial/ethnic group. Little information is available on how the subgroup of Black Americans whose families suffered under US chattel slavery, here called Descendants of Africans Enslaved in the United States (DAEUS), view health care institutions. We compared knowledge of unethical treatment and HCS distrust among DAEUS and non-DAEUS. Design and setting A cross-sectional random-digit dialing survey was administered in 2005 to Blacks/African Americans, aged 21-75 years, from the University of Pennsylvania Clinical Practices in Philadelphia, Penn. Participants Blacks/African Americans self-reported a family history of persons enslaved in the US (DAEUS) or no family history of persons enslaved in the US (non-DAEUS). Main outcome measures HCS distrust was measured by a validated scale assessing perceptions of unethical experimentation and active or passive discrimination. Methods We compared responses to the HCS distrust scale using Fisher's exact and t-tests. Results Of 89 respondents, 57% self-reported being DAEUS. A greater percentage of DAEUS reported knowledge of unethical treatment than non-DAEUS (56% vs 21%; P Conclusions DAEUS express greater HCS distrust than non-DAEUS, patterned by awareness of unethical treatment and passive discrimination. Understanding how long-term exposure to US institutions influences health is critical to resolving disparities for all Black/African American groups. Rectifying past injustices through reparative institutional measures may improve DAEUS' trust and engagement with the US HCS.
Optimal investment choice for developing countries: Rational theory and rational decision-making

Abstract This paper analyzes a key feature of the conceptual process that governments use for making major investment choices in the developing countries. Both through their direct investment activities and through the special incentives (e.g., credit, foreign exchanage, and tax subsidies) they provide, governments typically play a large role in the allocation of investment resources in LDC's. Consequently, the public investment-choice process has significant effects on the efficiency of capital formation and on economic growth in developing countries. Although the feature of the investment-choice process on which we focus has important theoretical and practical implications, it has so far received little analytical attention.
Organizational Responses to the Fatherhood Crisis: The Case of Fathers' Rights Groups in the United States

SUMMARY The emergence of fathers' rights groups, predominantly composed of men who have been personally affected by child support and custody laws, have been understudied up until this point. This article, based on 158 in-depth interviews, identifies individual motivations of members who join these groups, as well as their impressions on overcoming obstacles to further growth. Contrary to popular perception, the desire to change public policy is only one of the many reasons these men choose to join; equally, if not more important, are their needs for legal and emotional assistance. While acknowledging barriers to attracting new members, most are optimistic that their network of grassroots groups will soon become a strong, national social movement working behalf of fatherhood issues. The article concludes with several recommendations for policymakers to consider these groups' claims.
A vision for a biomedical cloud.

. Grossman RL, White KP (Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology; The University of Chicago, Chicago) A vision for a biomedical cloud (Key Symposium). J Intern Med 2012; 271: 122–130. We present a vision for a Biomedical Cloud that draws on progress in the fields of Genomics, Systems Biology and biomedical data mining. The successful fusion of these areas will combine the use of biomarkers, genetic variants, and environmental variables to build predictive models that will drastically increase the specificity and timeliness of diagnosis for a wide range of common diseases, whilst delivering accurate predictions about the efficacy of treatment options. However, the amount of data being generated by each of these fields is staggering, as is the task of managing and analysing it. Adequate computing infrastructure needs to be developed to assemble, manage and mine the enormous and rapidly growing corpus of ‘omics’ data along with clinical information. We have now arrived at an intersection point between genome technology, cloud computing and biological data mining. This intersection point provides a launch pad for developing a globally applicable cloud computing platform capable of supporting a new paradigm of data intensive, cloud-enabled predictive medicine.
The Effects of Setting Deposit Insurance Premiums to Target Insurance Fund Reserves

A common feature of many insurance systems is that they are “backed” by an insurance fund and insurance premiums are adjusted to target this fund’s reserves. This study analyzes the fund targeting policy of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). It examines the distortions to banks’ cost of deposit financing that result from setting premiums in this manner The study’s framework is a multiperiod, multibank contingent claims model where the stochastic rates of return on individual banks’ assets are assumed to be correlated and match the actual empirical distribution of a sample of U.S. banks. The model identifies factors that are likely to exacerbate distortions due to insurance mispricing. The relative merits of a targeting policy and a flat-rate insurance policy are discussed, and the real effects of insurance mispricing are estimated. A method for valuing a government subsidy under a reserve targeting policy is also presented.
Inverted index based multi-keyword public-key searchable encryption with strong privacy guarantee

With the growing awareness of data privacy, more and more cloud users choose to encrypt their sensitive data before outsourcing them to the cloud. Search over encrypted data is therefore a critical function facilitating efficient cloud data access given the high data volume that each user has to handle nowadays. Inverted index is one of the most efficient searchable index structures and has been widely adopted in plaintext search. However, securing an inverted index and its associated search schemes is not a trivial task. A major challenge exposed from the existing efforts is the difficulty to protect user's query privacy. The challenge roots on two facts: 1) the existing solutions use a deterministic trapdoor generation function for queries; and 2) once a keyword is searched, the encrypted inverted list for this keyword is revealed to the cloud server. We denote this second property in the existing solutions as one-time-only search limitation. Additionally, conjunctive multi-keyword search, which is the most common form of query nowadays, is not supported in those works. In this paper, we propose a public-key searchable encryption scheme based on the inverted index. Our scheme preserves the high search efficiency inherited from the inverted index while lifting the one-time-only search limitation of the previous solutions. Our scheme features a probabilistic trapdoor generation algorithm and protects the search pattern. In addition, our scheme supports conjunctive multi-keyword search. Compared with the existing public key based schemes that heavily rely on expensive pairing operations, our scheme is more efficient by using only multiplications and exponentiations. To meet stronger security requirements, we strengthen our scheme with an efficient oblivious transfer protocol that hides the access pattern from the cloud. The simulation results demonstrate that our scheme is suitable for practical usage with moderate overhead.
A Business Review of the Delaware Series: Good Business for the Informed

Professor of Law, Widener University School of Law, Wilmington, Delaware. Professor Conaway is a member of the Delaware Bar and teaches corporate, partnership, limited liability company and statutory trust law. In addition, she teaches contracts, drafting for closely-held business entities, and advanced business entities. Professor Conaway is a Commissioner to the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL), a member of the American Law Institute (ALI), a member of several drafting committees for NCCUSL (limited partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company, statutory trust, business organization code, and Article 8 of the UCC), secretary and president of the Joint Editorial Board (JEB) for Uniform Unincorporated Organization Acts, a member of the ABA Business Law Section, partnership and unincorporated entity committees, and a member of the Alternative Entity committee of the Delaware State Bar Association. Professor Conaway is a member of Who’s Who Among America’s Teachers and Cambridge Who’s Who
The Performance Potential of Value and Dependence Prediction

The serialization constraints induced by the detection and enforcement of true data dependences have always been regarded as requirements for correct execution. We propose two data-speculative techniques-source operand value prediction and dependence prediction-that can be used to relax these constraints to allow instructions to execute before their data dependences are resolved or even detected. We find that interinstruction dependences and source operand values are easily predictable. These discoveries minimize the per-cycle instruction throughput (or IPC) penalty of deeper pipelining of instruction dispatch and result in average integer program speedups ranging from 22% to 106%, depending on machine issue width and pipeline depth.
Asphaltene Flocculation Inhibition with Ultrasonic Wave Radiation: A Detailed Experimental Study of the Governing Mechanisms

The concept of ultrasonic wave assisted asphaltene flocculation/deposition inhibition was earlier introduced by Najafi et al., (2011). Current study is based on a series of experimental analyses, rheological changes, flocculation behavior, and total asphaltene content of two types of crude oils.The role of ultrasonic wave radiation on these parameters are investigated in order to elaborate the changes in the kinetics of asphaltene flocculation which leads to inhibition of asphaltene flocs formation. Based on the results obtained from the experiments, one can conclude that ultrasonic wave radiation can be most effective if the wave is radiated up to an optimum time. Around this time the oil has its local minimum value of kinematic viscosity, the least value of asphaltene content, and least potential for formation of macro-structured flocsdue to reduction of aromatic to saturate ratio. More detailed studiesrevealed that during radiation timetwo main mechanisms are active in asphaltenic crude oil: asphaltene particles disintegration and formation of asphaltene particles. Based on asphaltene content analysis, the optimum radiation time can be defined as the time at which the two mechanisms have an equal rate. The optimum radiation times are observed to be in the same time range in different tests. According to the results obtained, ultrasonic wave technology can be a potential method of flocculation inhibition and can have extensive industrial application. Key words: Ultrasonic; Asphaltene; Flocculation inhibition
Partitioning behavior of silica in the PEG/dextran/H2O aqueous biphasic system

Abstract The partitioning behavior of silica particles was investigated in the polyethylene glycol (PEG)/dextran/water system. It was found that both surfactant/solid electrostatic interactions and polymer/solid hydrogen bonding interactions played important roles in determining the solids distribution. Silica partition was highly pH-dependent; the solids transferred from the top PEG-rich phase to the bottom dextran-rich phase with increase in pH, but the particles moved back to the top phase above pH 12. This behavior was interpreted in terms of the pH dependence of PEG/SiO2 hydrogen bonding interaction and the weak acidity of dextran. The addition of sodium dodecylsulfate resulted in the preferential distribution of the particles to the bottom phase above pH 2. In contrast, in the presence of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, the solids stayed in the top phase below pH 6; with an increase in pH, the particles transferred from the top phase to the interface, then to the bottom phase. These surfactant effects are attributable to the electrostatic interaction between the surfactants and the solid surface.