cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Life Cycle Checkpoints and Developmental Activation of Infective Larvae in Strongyloides stercoralis by Dafachronic Acid.

The complex life cycle of the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis leads to either developmental arrest of infectious third-stage larvae (iL3) or growth to reproductive adults. In the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, analogous determination between dauer arrest and reproductive growth is governed by dafachronic acids (DAs), a class of steroid hormones that are ligands for the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12. Biosynthesis of DAs requires the cytochrome P450 (CYP) DAF-9. We tested the hypothesis that DAs also regulate S. stercoralis development via DAF-12 signaling at three points. First, we found that 1 μM Δ7-DA stimulated 100% of post-parasitic first-stage larvae (L1s) to develop to free-living adults instead of iL3 at 37°C, while 69.4±12.0% (SD) of post-parasitic L1s developed to iL3 in controls. Second, we found that 1 μM Δ7-DA prevented post-free-living iL3 arrest and stimulated 85.2±16.9% of larvae to develop to free-living rhabditiform third- and fourth-stages, compared to 0% in the control. This induction required 24–48 hours of Δ7-DA exposure. Third, we found that the CYP inhibitor ketoconazole prevented iL3 feeding in host-like conditions, with only 5.6±2.9% of iL3 feeding in 40 μM ketoconazole, compared to 98.8±0.4% in the positive control. This inhibition was partially rescued by Δ7-DA, with 71.2±16.4% of iL3 feeding in 400 nM Δ7-DA and 35 μM ketoconazole, providing the first evidence of endogenous DA production in S. stercoralis. We then characterized the 26 CYP-encoding genes in S. stercoralis and identified a homolog with sequence and developmental regulation similar to DAF-9. Overall, these data demonstrate that DAF-12 signaling regulates S. stercoralis development, showing that in the post-parasitic generation, loss of DAF-12 signaling favors iL3 arrest, while increased DAF-12 signaling favors reproductive development; that in the post-free-living generation, absence of DAF-12 signaling is crucial for iL3 arrest; and that endogenous DA production regulates iL3 activation.
Feedback control of semi-linear distributed parameter systems using advanced POD method

We focus on the control of dissipative distributed parameter systems employing passthrou proper orthogonal decomposition (Passthrou POD) method. The objective of the approach is to develop a model order reduction and control method that is robust to model uncertainty and disturbances and relaxes some of the requirements of standard POD. The proposed method is successfully applied to regulate a representative diffusion-reaction process. To assess the performance of passthrou POD, both passthrou POD and standard POD are used to construct low dimensional reduced order models (ROMs). Linear feedback controllers and nonlinear dynamic observers are subsequently designed based on the obtained ROMs. Simulation results illustrate that passthrou POD method is more efficient and robust to model uncertainty, disturbances and ensemble construction.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of thin Films for use as Planar Waveguides

SiO 2 -TiO 2 sol-gel solutions and synthesis techniques have been developed to produce thin films of proper index, thickness and quality for use as planar waveguides. The composition of the synthesized films ranged from 50 to 68 mole % TiO 2 and produced layers with indices ranging from 1.7 to 1.8. Final film thicknesses ranged from 1000 to 3000 A and varied as a function of the coating chemistry and conditions. Also, changes in film shrinkage and index with heat treatment were determined and compared to literature data on similar films used as antireflective coatings. Finally, confirmation of the waveguiding qualities of these films was made through prism coupler measurements conducted by the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center.
Cerium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (Yap): Properties of Commercial Crystals

The journey of YAP from interesting laboratory curiosity to a material with commercial possibilities has taken two full decades. The reported YAP properties which motivated this effort are its rapid (~ 27 ns) dominant (~ 97%) decay which results in negligible afterglow; high density (~ 5.55 g/cm3); brightness (~ 50% of NaI:Tl); energy resolution (~ 6% at 455 keV); physical ruggedness; and chemical nonreactivity. Lone among its draw backs as a practical scintillator is its emission which is centered in the UV (~ 350 nm). Three firms now offer YAP crystals of sufficient size and quality that industrial applications are becoming possible. To date, the physical properties of YAP have only been published on small laboratory samples. Here we report a comprehensive and comparative evaluation of physical properties of material from all known commercial sources. Further, we speculate on the physical origin of variations among samples. Finally, we attempt to predict what can ultimately be expected from YAP as further refinements in its processing techniques are perfected.
Consistent Treatment of Variables and Causation Poses a Challenge for Behavioral Research Methods: A Commentary on Nesselroade and Molenaar (2016)

Nesselroade and Molenaar presented the ideographic filter as a proposal for analyzing lawful regularities in behavioral research. The proposal highlights an inconsistency that poses a challenge for behavioral research more generally. One can distinguish a broadly Humean approach from a broadly non-Humean approach as they relate to variables and to causation. Nesselroade and Molenaar rejected a Humean approach to latent variables that characterizes them as nothing more than summaries of their manifest indicators. By contrast, they tacitly accepted a Humean approach to causes characterized as nothing more than summaries of their manifest causal effects. A non-Humean treatment of variables coupled with a Humean treatment of causation creates a theoretical tension within their proposal. For example, one can interpret the same model elements as simultaneously representing both variables and causes. Future refinement of the ideographic filter proposal to address this tension could follow any of a number of strategies.
Mucopolysaccharide Sulfation in Normal and Leukemic Leukocytes

Mucopolysaccharide sulfation was demonstrated in leukemic granulocytic precursors in short-term suspension culture by incorporation of 35 SO 4 into a compound identified chromatographically as chondroitin sulfate. The gel filtration pattern of sulfated mucopolysaccharide obtained from leukemic leukocytes was qualitatively similar to that found with normal granulocytic precursors. Sulfation of mucopolysaccharide was about 50% of the normal level in cells from chronic granulocytic leukemia, and approximately 15% of the normal level in cells from acute granulocytic leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia in blastic crisis. Lymphocytes from acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed only traces of sulfate incorporation. Leukocyte mucopolysaccharide sulfation was studied in cultured cells from patients with acute leukemia to determine whether this reaction could aid in distinguishing acute granulocytic leukemia from acute lymphocytic leukemia. Significant levels of sulfation were obtained in cells from all leukemias judged to be acute granulocytic, while virtually no incorporation was found in cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia when a 24-hr incubation period was employed. In studies employing a 3-hr incubation, agreement as to the cell of origin of the leukemia and the degree of sulfation in the intracellular fraction was obtained in 16 of 18 determinations performed on 16 patients with acute leukemia. It is proposed that determination of 35 SO 4 incorporation in the intracellular fraction may help to differentiate acute granulocytic and acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Nucleation Studies of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in an Air-Segmented Microfluidic Drop-Based Crystallizer

In this work, an innovative experimental platform to study the nucleation behavior of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using a gas-segmented flow produced by a microfluidic T-junction device with fine perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) tubing is presented. In the experiments, a continuous airflow was used to segment the supersaturated liquid phase into nearly monodispersed droplets (with a coefficient of variance about 15% of the drop size distribution) at the T-junction. As the API molecules have relatively low gas/solvent partition coefficients, mass transfer between phases is effectively inhibited. Nucleation then occurred within the drops in the temperature-controlled capillary crystallizer. By treating the probability of crystal nucleation in each drop as a nonstationary Poisson process, the effect of process conditions on lactose and aspirin nucleation was studied. In lactose nucleation studies, the Poisson rate process effectively captures the nucleation behavior, and the estimated nucleation pa...
Governance and forest landscape restoration: A framework to support decision-making

Abstract Governance challenges are frequently underestimated in forest landscape restoration. Forest restoration practitioners are generally foresters or ecologists and their focus tends to be limited to the specific restoration interventions themselves, such as removing exotic species, protecting sites for natural regeneration and re-planting indigenous trees. Indeed there are many technical challenges, unknowns in technical aspects of forest landscape restoration and knowledge gaps. However, and even more so when dealing with large scales, additional challenges that fall under the governance umbrella such as tenure, policy measures and institutions have a significant impact on restoration, influencing it either positively or negatively. Conversely, the landscape-scale restoration work itself can influence and shape governance arrangements. This paper attempts to explore this wider relationship between large scale forest restoration − and specifically forest landscape restoration (FLR) − and governance. It is intended to assist and provide guidance to forest landscape restoration practitioners, researchers and policymakers on the consideration and importance of governance, and alternative ways in which the two-way relationship (between governance and FLR) plays out. A framework is proposed to support practitioners, researchers and decision-makers to address governance in forest landscape restoration.
Internal Lateral Browpexy

Involutional brow ptosis is generally more pronounced in the lateral brow than the medial brow (Techniques in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Philadelphia, 2010). Brow ptosis can become visually significant, restricting the superior and lateral field of vision. The internal lateral browpexy can be used to correct mild lateral brow ptosis through an eyelid crease incision (Colour Atlas of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Boston, 2008). This procedure may be performed in combination with an upper eyelid blepharoplasty and browplasty without additional incisions (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 86:248–254, 1990). Moderate amounts of brow ptosis are better corrected with a direct, mid-forehead, pretrichial, or endoscopic brow lift (Colour Atlas of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Boston, 2008).
Design and Experimental Implementation of a Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Field Generator

Pulsed magnetic field generation is a critical aspect of all nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. In this paper, a novel design for a low field, low frequency (less than 5 MHz), pulsed magnetic field generation circuit suited for unilateral NMR applications is presented. A pulsed sinusoidal current is generated at an inductive load connected to an FET-based switch. The inductive load resonates at a frequency of approximately 2 MHz, which is also the precession frequency of $^{1}H$ protons in an external magnetic flux density of 500 G. The designed circuit can be tuned to operate at resonant frequencies of other chemical species as well. In this paper, the design parameters and operation of the prototype pulsed field generator will be discussed.
Commentary on “Thinking organic, acting civic: The paradox of planning for cities in evolution” by Michael Batty and Stephen Marshall, and “Jaqueline Tyrwhitt translates Patrick Geddes for post world war two planning” by Ellen Shoshkes

Abstract The paper by Batty and Marshall asks after Geddes’ grand theory, respectively the lack thereof, and the difficulties this poses for assessing Geddes’ importance on subsequent and today’s urban planning theories. Shoshkes’s paper traces the influence of Geddesian thought on post-World-War-Two planning through the person of Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, arguing that the latter’s synthesis of Geddesian thinking laid a foundation for sustainable urban planning. The two papers share the assumption that for Geddes the city was the end towards which he worked and thought. Yet looking at Geddes as a life-long biologist, the city turns out to be a means towards the end of understanding life. Such approach allows one to make sense of many if not most of his activities.
Correcting A. Hansen's Errors on pp. 140-141, 147-148 of His A Guide to Keynes in 1953: How A. Hansen's Errors Changed the Course of Economic History and Thought for the Worse

A. Hansen’s gross error concerning J M Keynes’s analysis in chapter 14 on pp. 180-181 of the General Theory in his A Guide to Keynes changed the course of economic thought and economic history for the worse due to the millions of economics students who, instead of reading the General Theory, read Hansen’s A Guide to Keynes instead. Hansen’s book then became accepted in the economics profession as the correct assessment of Keynes’s General Theory. Hansen did an excellent job in general, but not in chapter seven. Hansen’s errors start on pp. 140-141 of his chapter 7. His chapter six, while not erroneous, did not take into account Keynes’s clear cut discussions on pp. 199-202 and pp. 208-209 showing how to apply Keynes’s version of IS LM based on Keynes’s liquidity preference equation that was specified on p. 199. The fundamental errors made by Hansen occurs on pp. 147-148, due to his extremely sloppy misinterpretation of Keynes’s correct analysis of the diagram on p. 180 that extends to p. 182. Hansen simply skipped this analysis. This paper corrects Hansen’s errors and demonstrates that Keynes never claimed that the interest rate was determined only by liquidity preference macroscopically. The neoclassical loanable funds theory was short by one equation. It needed one more equation so that it would be determinate. Keynes’s liquidity preference equation on p. 199 of the General Theory is the missing equation that needs to be incorporated into the loanable funds partial theory in order to present a general theory of the rate of interest.
Darwinism After the Modern Synthesis

The Modern Synthesis in evolutionary biology took place in two major phases from the 1920s through the 1940s. It achieved a reconciliation between the original Darwinism and the newly discovered Mendelism, which gave birth to the field of population genetics, the mathematical core of evolutionary theory. Since that time, the field has further evolved, encompassing entirely new areas of inquiry, leading to new empirical findings, and developing new conceptual tools. In the 1960s, for instance, the invention of gel electrophoresis made it possible for the first time to directly estimate gene frequencies in natural populations. While developmental biology was initially still excluded from the synthesis, in the 1980s new techniques led to the emergence of the field of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). The parallel molecular revolution unfolded initially independently of evolutionary studies, until the turn of the twenty-first century, when genomics became “comparative” in nature and began importing techniques from phylogenetic analysis. The reevaluation of phenomena like phenotypic plasticity and epigenetic inheritance led to a rebirth of interest in the complexities of the genotype–phenotype map, triggering the formulation of concepts like robustness, modularity, and evolvability. Paleontology came roaring back with the theory of punctuated equilibria in the 1970s and 1980s. These many strands brought about the need for a further expansion of evolutionary theory, catalyzing discussions concerning a possible Extended Synthesis. “Darwinism” has never been more alive and pregnant with opportunities for both theoretical advancements and philosophical reflection.
Long-term outcomes with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal cancer: An 18-year experience.

4098Background: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) have become standard of care for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from appendiceal cancer (AC). We reviewed our experience and outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of 614 CRS/HIPEC procedures from 1998-2016 was performed. Patient characteristics, surgical variables, and postoperative outcomes of first CRS/HIPEC were analyzed. Results: Two hundred ninety patients with PC from AC underwent 334 CRS/HIPEC’s. Median age at diagnosis and surgery was 52 (22-79) and 53 (23-81) years, respectively; 65% (187) were female. Prior surgical score was 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 20%, 38%, 37%, and 5%, respectively. Prior systemic chemotherapy was reported in 30% of patients. Median time from diagnosis to CRS/HIPEC was 4 months (0-182). Pre-operative tumor markers (CEA, CA-125, CA-19-9) were positive in 48% with one, two, and three positive markers in 21%, 15%, and 13% patients, respectively. Median Peritoneal Cancer In...
ERISA: A Close Look at Misguided Legislation

ERISA, a piece of federal legislation passed in 1974 to protect pension funds and other retirement benefits, has been the source of much controversy and litigation concerning the liability of insurers in employer health benefit plans who deny coverage or reimbursements for specific medical treatments. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Remedies When Contracts Lack Consent: Autonomy and Institutional Competence

Autonomy-based theories hold that enforceable contracts require the knowing and voluntary consent of the parties. In defining "knowing" and "voluntary," however, autonomy theorists have paid little attention to the remedy that will be granted if consent is round to be lacking, or to the question of what obligations (if any) will be enforced in place of the unconsented-to contract. In this paper, I expand on Michael Trebilcock's argument that considerations of institutional competence-specifically, the relative ability of courts and private actors to craft acceptable substitute obligations-should sometimes play a key role in defining what counts as "knowing" and "voluntary" consent. This special issue article is available in Osgoode Hall Law Journal: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol33/iss2/1 REMEDIES WHEN CONTRACTS LACK CONSENT: AUTONOMY AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCE© By RicHARD CRAswELL* Autonomy-based theories hold that enforceable contracts require the knowing and voluntary consent of the parties. In defining "knowing" and "voluntary," however, autonomy theorists have paid little attention to the remedy that will be granted if consent is round to be lacking, or to the question of what obligations (if any) will be enforced in place of the unconsented-to contract. In this paper, I expand on Michael Trebilcock's argument that considerations of institutional competence-specifically, the relative ability of courts and private actors to craft acceptable substitute obligations-should sometimes play a key role in defining what counts as "knowing" and "voluntary" consent. Selon la thdorie autonomiste, le contrat cst executoire lorsque les parties contractantes ont sciemment et volontairement donn6 leur consentement. Toutefols, en d6finissant les termes «sciemmentet «volontairemento, les thoriciens ont peu considdr6les recours disponibles dans le cas ois le consentement serait absent, ainsi que l'execution force de certaines obligations suppletives, nonobstant cc d6faut de consentement. Dans cet article je ddveloppe 'argument de Michael Trebilcock selon lequel les questions juridictionelles-tel que la capacit6 des tribunaux et des organismes prives de formuler des obligations suppl~tives au contrat-devraient 6tre consid6r6es dans l'6valuation du caractbre sconscient, et (<volontairea du consentement.
Mood, Memory, and the Evaluation of Asset Prices

I model the effect of associative memory on asset prices. The model includes mood-congruent memory, which predicts that the subjective goodness (or badness) of the agent’s affective state (e.g., mood) is a cue for positive (negative) information stored in long-term memory. I also include rehearsal, which implies that data recalled in the recent past are more likely to be recalled in the present. I show that mood-congruent memory causes the set of recalled information to be biased, and rehearsal generates autocorrelation in the biases across periods. The theory provides novel explanations for short-run continued overreaction to news, long-run correction of these effects, and excess volatility. I also make the novel predictions that excess volatility is highest during downturns, price biases are increasing in fundamental volatility, knowledge/experience may intensify these biases, and asset prices exhibit excess comovement.
Correction to: The adjoint Newton algorithm for large-scale unconstrained optimization in meteorology applications

It has come to our attention that the “Adjoint Newton Algorithm” has been published within the following papers.
High-resolution, strand-specific R-loop mapping via S9.6-based DNA–RNA immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing

R-loops are prevalent three-stranded non-B DNA structures composed of an RNA–DNA hybrid and a single strand of DNA. R-loops are implicated in various basic nuclear processes, such as class-switch recombination, transcription termination and chromatin patterning. Perturbations in R-loop metabolism have been linked to genomic instability and have been implicated in human disorders, including cancer. As a consequence, the accurate mapping of these structures has been of increasing interest in recent years. Here, we describe two related immunoprecipitation-based methods for mapping R-loop structures: basic DRIP-seq (DNA–RNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing), an easy, robust, but resolution-limited technique; and DRIPc-seq (DNA–RNA immunoprecipitation followed by cDNA conversion coupled to high-throughput sequencing), a high-resolution and strand-specific iteration of the method that permits accurate R-loop mapping genome wide. Briefly, after gentle DNA extraction and restriction digestion with a cocktail of enzymes, R-loop structures are immunoprecipitated with the anti-RNA–DNA hybrid S9.6 antibody. Compared with DRIP-seq, in which the immunoprecipitated DNA is directly sequenced, DRIPc-seq permits the recovery of the RNA moiety of R-loops, and these RNA strands are subjected to strand-specific RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. DRIPc-seq can be performed in 5 d and can be applied to any cell type, provided sufficient starting material can be collected. Accurately mapping R-loop distribution in various cell lines and under varied conditions is essential to understanding the formation, roles and dynamic resolution of these important structures. R-loops, DNA–RNA hybrid structures found throughout the genome, are relevant to both normal and disease states. DRIPc-seq, based on immunoprecipitation with the S9.6 antibody recognizing DNA–RNA hybrids, permits genome-wide mapping of R-loops.
The role of total joint replacement surgery in the orthognathic patient

Abstract Alloplastic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint, commonly referred to as total joint replacement, is used to treat end stage joint disease in a cohort of patients who present with a range of condylar pathology. In considering its role in the management of the orthognathic patient, it is helpful to categorize patients into those with primary pathology of the mandibular condyle or those with primary dentofacial deformity. The success of total joint replacement is predicated by the predictably stable results that are achieved when used in carefully selected clinical scenarios. In this article, we will discuss the role of total joint replacement surgery in the orthognathic patient and highlight its clinical impact by inclusion of a case study.
A Dangerous Myth: Does Speaking Imply Breathing?

The belief that a person's ability to speak precludes the possibility of suffocation is false and can have fatal consequences. This commentary reviews basic respiratory physiology and highlights th...
Differences in voluntary and reflexive cough strength in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and healthy adults.

INTRODUCTION Dystussia impacts the ability to protect the airway. Voluntary cough provides a metric of airway defense but differs from the reflexive response to aspiration during swallowing. Therefore, we evaluated relationships between voluntary and reflexive cough among individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a healthy cohort. METHODS Twenty-eight individuals with ALS and 26 healthy individuals completed voluntary and reflexive cough testing. Descriptive statistics, reliability, and paired t tests were conducted to evaluate differences in cough volume acceleration (CVA) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in voluntary vs reflexive cough. RESULTS Compared with reflexive cough, voluntary CVA and PEFR were greater in individuals with ALS [t(27) = 4.83, P < .001 and t(27) = 8.69, P < .001] and the healthy cohort [t(21) = 5.91, P < .001 and t(21) = 12.26, P < .001], respectively. DISCUSSION These findings hold important implications for the use and interpretation of voluntary peak cough flow during clinical swallowing evaluations.
Strategies for Success: Teaching an Online Course:

Online and hybrid courses have become an integral part of teacher education programs for preservice and inservice training. However, these programs can be intimidating to new faculty who must devel...
Basal cell carcinoma arising in a tattoo

Cutaneous malignancies may uncommonly arise in the setting of injury to the skin from a variety of etiologies. While melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have all been reported at tattoo sites, BCC is the least common, with the present case being only the 12th such case reported in the literature. We present a case of a large BCC of 15 years duration arising within a blue/black tattoo on the patient's left upper arm. The patient was treated with 6 weeks of imiquimod cream with promising results and started a second 6-week regimen to clear residual tumor. Of the 12 reported cases of BCC arising within tattoo sites, the majority of patients have been male (7/12 patients) and the majority of the BCCs developed within the blue or black pigment of the tattoo (8/12 patients) on sun-exposed skin (9/12 patients). The average age at the diagnosis is 53.5 years, and the average duration between tattoo placement and BCC onset is 18.3 years. It has been hypothesized that tattoo ink may be related to the development of malignancies as either a primary carcinogen or cocarcinogen with ultraviolet exposure. Nevertheless, the link between tattoo ink and malignancy may also be coincidental considering the number of tattooed individuals worldwide and the extreme rarity of BCCs that have developed in tattoos. Our purpose is to raise the awareness of the development of cutaneous malignancies within tattoo sites and encourage the physicians to include cutaneous malignancy in the differential diagnosis of “rash” arising in a tattoo.
Audiometric Profile of Cochlear Implant Recipients Demonstrates Need for Revising Insurance Coverage.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To describe the pre-implant audiometric profile of adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients to investigate whether current binaural candidacy requirements prevent access to patients who could benefit from CI. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Retrospective review from 2016 to 2018 evaluating preoperative pure-tone thresholds and speech perception scores in the ipsilateral and contralateral ear. RESULTS A total of 252 adult CI recipients undergoing 270 implants were identified. Median age at time of implantation was 70.5 years (IQR 61.3-78.3) for those undergoing unilateral implantation and 59.0 (IQR 48.0-72.3) for those undergoing bilateral implantation (P < .01). For unilateral implantation, median pre-implantation speech perception performance in the ear to be implanted was 8.0% (IQR 0%-26.0%) for CNC word scores, and 9.0% (IQR 0%-34.0%) for AzBio sentence scores in quiet. Median speech perception performance in the contralateral ear was 36.0% (IQR 14.0%-60.0%) on CNC word scores, and 48.5% (IQR 17.5%-76.0%) on AzBio sentence tests. Speech perception scores were significantly different between ears for word and sentence tests (P < .01). Patients older than age 65 were significantly less likely to undergo bilateral implantation (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Adult CI recipients exhibit substantially poorer pre-implant speech perception scores than the commonly utilized ipsilateral qualifying threshold of 50% on sentence testing. Yet, existing insurance paradigms limit patients by excessively stringent binaural best-aided requirements. This limitation likely leads to worse device performance as patients often wait years for their binaural hearing to qualify while their ear to be implanted potentially experiences an unnecessarily extended duration of deafness. Older patients also experience a unique delay in referral for cochlear implantation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3- Retrospective review Laryngoscope, 131:E2007-E2012, 2021.
How the Digital Video Recorder (DVR) Changes Traditional Television Advertising

The digital video recorder (DVR) is tilting the playing field in the television industry, empowering viewers at the expense of advertisers and networks. Available evidence suggests that DVR users will fast-forward through ads in recorded programming at the expense of other advertisement avoidance strategies. While DVRs may increase commercial avoidance, they will also facilitate the measurement of commercial avoidance. Advertisers can use ad avoidance data to improve creative strategies, targeting, message rotation and scheduling, media buying, and ROI (return on investment) measurements. The net result should be more relevant, engaging, and efficient advertising, which would reduce viewers' motivation to avoid ads.
Brief Video-Based Suicide Prevention Training for Primary Care.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES One-third of individuals who die by suicide had primary care contact in the preceding month. Primary care trainees need engaging and effective suicide prevention training that can be delivered within tight time and resource constraints. However, training is currently scarce and its effectiveness unknown. The objective of this study was to assess learner engagement, learning, self-efficacy, and perceived ability to transfer training to practice from brief video-based modules centered around visual concept mapping of suicide prevention practices. METHODS We assigned 127 primary care trainees 21 brief instructional videos to watch. We analyzed engagement by monitoring the proportion of learners who began each video and the proportion of the video watched. We assessed knowledge and self-efficacy pre- and posttraining. Learners provided feedback on satisfaction with modules and ability to transfer training to practice. RESULTS Engagement was high, with most learners watching most of each video (mean=83.2%). Increase in knowledge was large (t(131 df)=19.91, P<.001). Confidence in ability to manage suicide risk rose significantly (t(131 df)=16.31, P<.001). Perception of ability to transfer training to practice was moderate. Satisfaction with modules was high. Feedback asked for patient scenarios and practical skills examples. CONCLUSIONS This training successfully engaged primary health care trainees in suicide prevention education. Training transfer will be improved by adding skill demonstrations, a suicide attempt survivor perspective, and a memorable framework to assist implementation of knowledge. A new iteration incorporating these improvements is under evaluation. Variants for other health care settings are under development.
Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR) Irrespective of Indication Is Comparable to Screening ADR: Implications for Quality Monitoring.

Background & Aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a key measure of colonoscopy quality. However, efficient measurement of ADR can be challenging because many colonoscopies are performed for non-screening purposes. Measuring ADR without being restricted to screening indication may likely facilitate more widespread implementation of quality monitoring. We hypothesized that the ADR for all colonoscopies, irrespective of the indication, would be equivalent to the ADR for screening colonoscopies. Methods We reviewed consecutive colonoscopies at two Veterans Affairs centers performed by 21 endoscopists over 6 months in 2015. We calculated the ADR for screening exams, non-screening (surveillance and diagnostic) exams, and all exams (irrespective of indication), correcting for within-endoscopist correlation. We then performed simulation modeling to calculate the ADRs under 16 hypothetical scenarios of various indication distributions. We simulated 100,000 trials with 3,000 participants, randomly assigned indication (screening, surveillance, diagnostic, and FIT+) from a multinomial distribution, randomly drew adenoma using the observed ADRs per indication, and calculated 95% confidence intervals of the mean differences in ADR of screening and non-screening indications. Results Among 2628 colonoscopies performed by 21 gastroenterologists, the indication was screening in 28.9%, surveillance in 48.2% and diagnostic in 22.9%. There was no significant difference in the ADR, 50% (95%CI: 45-56%) for all colonoscopies vs 49% (95%CI: 43-56%) for screening exams (p=.55). ADRs were 56% for surveillance and 38% for diagnostic exams. In our simulation modeling, only one out of 16 scenarios (screening 10%, surveillance 70%, diagnostic 10% and FIT+ 10%) resulted in a significant difference between the calculated ADRs for screening and non-screening indications. Conclusions In our study, the overall ADR computed from all colonoscopies was not significantly different than the conventional ADR based on screening colonoscopies. Assessing ADR for colonoscopy irrespective of indication may be adequate for quality monitoring, and could facilitate the implementation of quality measurement and reporting. Future prospective studies should evaluate the validity of using overall ADR for quality reporting in other jurisdictions before adopting this method in clinical practice.
The ubiquitin E3 ligase FBXO22 degrades PD-L1 and sensitizes cancer cells to DNA damage.

High expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells drives immune-independent, cell-intrinsic functions, leading to resistance to DNA-damaging therapies. We find that high expression of the ubiquitin E3 ligase FBXO22 sensitizes nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and cisplatin, and that activation of FBXO22 by phosphorylation is necessary for this function. Importantly, FBXO22 activates PD-L1 ubiquitination and degradation, which in turn increases the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to DNA damage. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), aberrantly active in cancer cells, plays a crucial role in increasing the expression of PD-L1 in medulloblastoma [R. D. Dorand et al., Science 353, 399–403 (2016)]. We show in NSCLC cells that inhibiting CDK5 or reducing its expression increases the level of FBXO22, decreases that of PD-L1, and increases the sensitivity of the cells to DNA damage. We conclude that FBXO22 is a substrate of CDK5, and that inhibiting CDK5 reduces PD-L1 indirectly by increasing FBXO22. Pairing inhibitors of CDK5 with immune checkpoint inhibitors may increase the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with DNA-damaging therapies.
Cochlostoma mienisi of southwestern Turkey: Its distribution range and conchological characterization

Abstract A survey was carried out to determine the distribution range of Cochlostoma mienisi Schutt, 1978, a little studied land snail of southwestern Turkey. The species was found on the island of Kekova off the coast of Turkey and at an additional location on the mainland facing the island. The closest congeners of C. mienisi are on Crete and mainland Greece, more than 400 km away. As a possible explanation for its limited and disjunct range, it is proposed here that C. mienisi may have been introduced from another location by the shipping trade in the antiquity. No live snails were seen, but various conchological traits of C. mienisi provided clues to its biology and ecology. The presence of two overlapping size groups in the distribution of adult shell dimensions is interpreted as an indication of a sexual dimorphism: the larger shells (8.0 mm × 3.5 mm) are those of female snails and the smaller ones (7.4 mm × 3.3 mm) are of males. Also discussed are the structure of the operculum of C. mienisi , decollation observed in a few shells and the presence of small circular holes that were probably bored by an unknown predator or a parasite.
Second Virial Coefficients of Two-Dimensional Systems of He3 and He4

Second virial coefficients of two dimensional systems of He3 and He4 are calculated from 0.1K to 60.0K assuming a Lennard-Jones 6–12 interaction. The resultant specific heat is compared with measurements of helium monolayers adsorbed on graphite. The results strongly suggest that the usual peaks in the low-density heat capacity can be attributed solely to two particle interactions.
The Microgrid: Enabling Scientific Study of Dynamic Grid Behavior

A fundamental property of Grids is the dynamic sharing of resources, and the adaptation of application behavior in resource use to dynamic attributes of the resource environment. Such dynamism poses interesting challenges in communication, resource scheduling, and system stability.
On-line Trennung und Anreicherung mit Fließinjektion in der Spurenanalytik der Elemente

Traditionelle Trenn- und Anreicherungsverfahren sind ublicherweise zeit- und arbeitsaufwendig und umfassen mehrere Schritte, die oft mit einem wiederholten Uberfuhren von Losungen in andere Gefase verbunden sind. Daraus resultiert besonders im Spurenbereich eine hohe Kontaminationsgefahr, die erhohte Anforderungen an Labor und Personal stellt. Von fuhrenden Analytikern wurde daher schon fruhzeitig die Forderung nach Einsatz von Verbundverfahren in geschlossenen Systemen zur Verbesserung von Richtigkeit und Prazision in der Spurenanalytik der Elemente erhoben [1].
Hemoglobin Synthesis at Elevated Temperatures

Abstract Rabbit reticulocytes at elevated temperatures, such as 45°, rapidly show a decrease in the rate of hemoglobin synthesis to one-third to one-tenth of the rate at 37°. This lower rate, which becomes irreversible after a few minutes, remains linear for up to 75 min. The soluble protein made at 45° is hemoglobin. Synthesis occurs on small polysomes carrying only two or three ribosomes, but actidione or starvation for amino acids can preserve the normal polysome profile. The increased translation time at 45° is too fast to measure by our technique.
The Metabolism of Mitochondrial Proteins: III. The Dynamic State of Rat Liver Mitochondria

The turnover rates of six protein fractions of rat liver mitochondria were estimated from the incorporation of 14C-carbonate given continuously. The rates were similar and little heterogeneity was evident. When expressed as half-lives, the values ranged from 4 to 6 days. However, the turnover rates of two inducible mitochondrial enzymes, alanine and ornithine aminotransferase, were much faster. The half-lives ranged from 0.73 to 1.03 days. Zonal gradient centrifugation of mitochondria from treated animals indicated that the changes in enzyme activity were occurring in all of the mitochondria at the same rapid rate. The evidence from these experiments suggests that all mitochondria are in a dynamic state and that alteration of the enzyme complement is independent of mitochondrial genesis.
Theory of moves

1. Rules of play: the starting point matters 2. The anticipation problem: there may be no resolution 3. Magnanimity: it sometimes pays 4. Moving power: breaking the cycle 5. Order and threat power: eliminating indeterminacy and communicating intentions 6. Information in games: misperceptions, deception, and omniscience 7. Incomplete information in larger games: a model of negotiations 8. Summary and conclusions.
Selection of alternative central-station technologies for the Satellite Power System (SPS) comparative assessment

An important effort is the Satellite Power System (SPS) comparative Assessment is the selection and characterization of alternative technologies to be compared with the SPS concept. The ground rules, criteria, and screening procedure applied in the selection of those alternative technologies are summarized. The final set of central station alternatives selected for comparison with the SPS concept includes: (1) light water reactor with improved fuel utilization, (2) conventional coal combustion with improved environmental controls, (3) open cycle gas turbine with integral low Btu gasifier, (4) terrestrial photovoltaic, (5) liquid metal fast breeder reactor, and (6) magnetic confinement fusion.
Confocal microscopic analysis of intracellular pH regulation in isolated guinea pig pancreatic ducts

pH regulation in isolated guinea pig pancreatic interlobular duct segments loaded with the pH-sensitive fluorophore, 5-(6)-carboxy-SNARF-1-acetoxymethyl ester (SNARF-1), was characterized by laser-...
1 X 12 even fanout using multimode interference optical beam splitter on silicon nanomembrane

A compact silicon nanomembrane based 1 × 12 multimode interference coupler (MMI) fabricated on silicon-on-insulator is presented. The strip waveguide structure provides the smallest device size for a single stage MMI with 12 output channels. The MMI exhibits high uniformity up to 0.72 dB and has low loss of 1.13 dB using tranverse-electric (TE) polarised light at 1550 nm wavelength.
A morphological study of male rat cerebral cortical asymmetry.

Reports of morphologic asymmetry in the mammalian brain are becoming the rule rather than the exception. In a previous publication we noted that in the male Long-Evans rat the right cerebral cortex was generally thicker than the left cortex in all nine areas measured. In the present study, in the majority of cortical areas measured, the right hemisphere was also found to be thicker than the left in the S1 strain of rats for four age groups and under three experimental conditions. The ages at the commencement and termination of exposure to enriched, standard colony, and impoverished conditions were 25 to 55, 60 to 64, 60 to 90, and 25 to 105 days. In some areas the magnitude of the hemispheric asymmetry varied across the different age groups. The environmental conditions affected the degree of right-left difference in one cortical region, medial area 10.
Scintillation efficiency and ionization yield of liquid xenon for monoenergetic nuclear recoils down to 4 keV

Liquid xenon (LXe) is an excellent material for experiments designed to detect dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). A low energy detection threshold is essential for a sensitive WIMP search. The understanding of the relative scintillation efficiency (${\mathcal{L}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$) and ionization yield of low energy nuclear recoils in LXe is limited for energies below 10 keV. In this article, we present new measurements that extend the energy down to 4 keV, finding that ${\mathcal{L}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ decreases with decreasing energy. We also measure the quenching of scintillation efficiency caused by the electric field in LXe, finding no significant field dependence.
Stiff lattices with zero thermal expansion and enhanced stiffness via rib cross section optimization

For engineering applications that are subject to large fluctuations in temperature, yet dimensional stability is essential, low or even zero thermal expansion materials are desirable. In addition to providing minimal thermal expansion care must be taken to ensure reductions in mechanical stiffness are mitigated. This can be achieved be designing structurally hierarchical materials composed of carefully chosen lattice structures. Within this manuscript honeycombs with thermal expansion coefficients equal to zero are developed analytically. The two dimensional lattice microstructure designs described are made of positive expansion materials. Zero expansion is attained with the use of curved, bi-material rib elements that by the use of thermally induced bending achieves zero overall thermal expansion. This work builds upon previous results, and provides further analysis into creating an optimal rib cross section to increase mechanical stiffness. The design of ribs with Tee shaped and I shaped cross sections is developed. Analytical equations are derived for the overall mechanical stiffness and overall thermal expansion coefficients of the lattices. The behavior of these lattices is compared with that of triangular and regular hexagonal honeycombs having non-zero thermal expansion as well as prior zero expansion lattices with rectangular rib cross sections in a modulus-density map. Lattice relative stiffness is improved by as much as a factor of 2.4 when compared with a curved, triangular, zero thermal expansion lattice with ribs of rectangular section. Thermal shear stress at the material interface is calculated and found to be small.