cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperproduction, purification, and mechanism of action of the cytotoxic enterotoxin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila.

A gene encoding the cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act) from Aeromonas hydrophila was hyperexpressed with the pET, pTRX, and pGEX vector systems. Maximum toxin yield was obtained with the pTRX vector. Approximately 40 to 60% of Act was in a soluble form with the pTRX and pET vector systems. The toxin protein was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography-based column chromatographies, including hydrophobic, anion-exchange, sizing, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. Purified mature toxin migrated as a 52-kDa polypeptide on a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)polyacrylamide gel that reacted with Act-specific antibodies in immunoblots. The minimal amount of toxin needed to cause fluid secretion in rat ileal loops was 200 ng, and the 50% lethal dose for mice was 27.5 ng when injected intravenously. Binding of the toxin to erythrocytes was temperature dependent, with no binding occurring at 4 degrees C. However, at 37 degrees C the toxin bound to erythrocytes within 1 to 2 min. It was determined that the mechanism of action of the toxin involved the formation of pores in erythrocyte membranes, and the diameter of the pores was estimated to be 1.14 to 2.8 nm, as determined by the use of saccharides of different sizes and by electron microscopy. Calcium chloride prevented lysis of erythrocytes by the toxin; however, it did not affect the binding and pore-forming capabilities of the toxin. A dose-dependent reduction in hemoglobin release from erythrocytes was observed when Act was preincubated with cholesterol, but not with myristylated cholesterol. With 14C-labeled cholesterol and gel filtration, the binding of cholesterol to Act was demonstrated. None of the other phospholipids and glycolipids tested reduced the hemolytic activity of Act. The toxin also appeared to undergo aggregation when preincubated with cholesterol, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electorphoresis. As a result of this aggregation, Act9s capacity to form pores in the erythrocyte membrane was inhibited.
Interpersonal Reactions to Dysphoria: The Role of Relationship with Partner and Perceptions of Rejection:

Coyne's interactional perspective on depression states that depressed people induce a negative mood in others and thus elicit rejection from them. Research relevant to these hypotheses has been criticized for heavy reliance on interactions between depressed persons and strangers for gathering data. A second shortcoming of this research is that relatively little is known about depressed persons' perceptions of the rejection that they supposedly elicit from others. To address these two issues a study was conducted in which 74 non-dysphoric and 67 dysphoric subjects engaged in an 8-minute conversation with either a friend or stranger. Partners' mood and rejection of the dysphoric or non-dysphoric subject were assessed. In addition, subjects reported their perceptions of how much they felt their partner rejected them. Relationship with the partner (friend/stranger) had an impact on both the negative mood induction and rejection of subjects following conversation. In addition, all subjects, dysphoric or not, a...
Interindividual variability in the dose-specific effect of dopamine on carotid chemoreceptor sensitivity to hypoxia

Human studies use varying levels of low-dose (1-4 μg·kg−1·min−1) dopamine to examine peripheral chemosensitivity, based on its known ability to blunt carotid body responsiveness to hypoxia. However...
Highly efficient immobilization of phospholipase A2 and its biomedical applications

A new method for the immobilization of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been developed to enhance the activity retention of immobilized PLA2. When PLA2 from the venom of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus was pretreated with 4-nitro-3-octanoyl-oxybenzoic acid to acylate epsilon-amino groups of two lysines (Lys-7 and Lys-10) and the resulting acylated enzyme was covalently coupled onto carbonyldiimidazole-activated cross-linked agarose beads, the immobilized acylated enzyme showed high retention of activity toward various aggregated phospholipids. Toward densely packed phospholipid bilayers, such as large unilamellar vesicles of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the immobilized acylated A. p. piscivorus PLA2 was 25-fold more active than the soluble A. p. piscivorus PLA2. The general applicability of our immobilization protocol was demonstrated by the high retention of activity achieved for the immobilized acylated PLA2 from the venom of Naja naja naja. In particular, full activity retention of the immobilized acylated A. p. piscivorus PLA2 toward phospholipids on the surface of human low density lipoproteins suggests its potential usefulness in a newly developed PLA2-based therapy for hypercholesterolemia.
Balmer Emissions Induced by H 2 + and H 3 + Impact on Molecular Hydrogen

Absolute cross sections for the production of ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$, and ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ emissions by ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ impact on molecular hydrogen have been measured for ion energies up to 130 keV. Emissions resulting from dissociative electron capture by the fast ion or from dissociative excitation of the fast ion are Doppler shifted from emissions resulting from dissociative excitation of the target gas, allowing separate measurements of these emissions.
Electron Accelerator Shielding Design of KIPT Neutron Source Facility

Abstract The Argonne National Laboratory of the United States and the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology of the Ukraine have been collaborating on the design, development and construction of a neutron source facility at Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology utilizing an electron-accelerator-driven subcritical assembly. The electron beam power is 100 kW using 100-MeV electrons. The facility was designed to perform basic and applied nuclear research, produce medical isotopes, and train nuclear specialists. The biological shield of the accelerator building was designed to reduce the biological dose to less than 5.0e-03 mSv/h during operation. The main source of the biological dose for the accelerator building is the photons and neutrons generated from different interactions of leaked electrons from the electron gun and the accelerator sections with the surrounding components and materials. The Monte Carlo N-particle extended code (MCNPX) was used for the shielding calculations because of its capability to perform electron-, photon-, and neutron-coupled transport simulations. The photon dose was tallied using the MCNPX calculation, starting with the leaked electrons. However, it is difficult to accurately tally the neutron dose directly from the leaked electrons. The neutron yield per electron from the interactions with the surrounding components is very small, ∼0.01 neutron for 100-MeV electron and even smaller for lower-energy electrons. This causes difficulties for the Monte Carlo analyses and consumes tremendous computation resources for tallying the neutron dose outside the shield boundary with an acceptable accuracy. To avoid these difficulties, the SOURCE and TALLYX user subroutines of MCNPX were utilized for this study. The generated neutrons were banked, together with all related parameters, for a subsequent MCNPX calculation to obtain the neutron dose. The weight windows variance reduction technique was also utilized for both neutron and photon dose calculations. Two shielding materials, heavy concrete and ordinary concrete, were considered for the shield design. The main goal is to maintain the total dose outside the shield boundary less than 5.0e-03 mSv/h during operation. The shield configuration and parameters of the accelerator building were determined and are presented in this paper.
Forgiveness and Physiological Concomitants and Outcomes

Health benefits associated with forgiveness have been hypothesized to be associated with reductions in the human stress response, including activity in the cortex, the autonomic and somatic nervous systems, and the neuroendocrine/immune systems. In this chapter, we describe the body of literature that has examined this hypothesis. Although various methods have been used to elicit physiological stress responses in these studies, forgiveness has been consistently found to be associated with dampened physiological responses to stress when compared to unforgiveness. Salubrious effects of forgiveness have been observed most consistently when study participants are exposed to recollections of actual betrayal events, but have also been detected when participants imagine fictional scenarios or are asked to make forgiveness judgments. There is no evidence that forgiveness is associated with the magnitude of physiological stress responses to stimuli not associated with interpersonal transgressions, and the association between forgiveness and resting levels of physiological parameters has not been consistently observed. The promising relations between forgiveness and attenuated physiological responses to interpersonal stress revealed in this relatively recent body of literature supports continued empirical work examining the process of forgiveness and health outcomes and the potential mediating role of the human stress response. Through such efforts, engagement in forgiveness may warrant consideration as a means for promoting wellness.
Numerical investigation of the noise source locations of supersonic jets using the beamformed method

A numerical study is presented of the noise source distributions of supersonic jets from military style nozzles. The beamformed method is used for noise source location based on the acoustic pressures predicted on a virtual microphone array. To perform the predictions, a hybrid method combining unsteady CFD and the acoustic analogy is used for the jet noise simulations. A modi ed version of the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) approach is solved with a fourth order DRP scheme based on a multi-block structured mesh to capture the unsteady turbulent noise sources. Noise predictions are made with the permeable surface Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FWH) solution. A good agreement of the predicted noise spectra with the acoustic measurements is found to reach St 3:0. It is observed that an over-prediction of the noise source levels occurs at some angles in the midto high-frequency range. The auto spectrum of the acoustic pressures gives the characteristics of the noise source distributions associated with di erent scales of the turbulent eddies at the focus of the microphone array. Comparisons are made with the experimental measurements of peak-noise source locations at similar operating conditions. The predicted source locations are in good agreement with measurements for an unheated jet case. However, poorer agreement is obtained for a heated jet. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Nem turbulentos, nem despossuídos: mudança social, honra masculina e violência sertaneja no interior da província do Ceará, 1845-1889

Este artigo analisa os significados do codigo de honra e da violencia sertaneja no interior do Ceara durante a segunda metade do seculo XIX. Confrontando a imagem euclidiana de imutabilidade na historia dos sertoes e nas caracteristicas masculinas do sertanejo, este trabalho enfatiza a especificidade e historicidade dos sentimentos de honra e da reproducao da violencia entre os homens pobres livres, durante uma epoca marcada por rapidas mudancas sociais e economicas que transformaram o mundo rural e as relacoes de classe no interior cearense.
Laboratory Tests of Dimethoate for Systemic Control of Chigger (Acarina: Trombiculidae) Populations on Rodents

In bait tests using 0.1% dimethoate, 100% of the chiggers on guinea pigs and 92.7% of the chiggers on Hispid Cotton Rats ( Sigmodon hispidus ) were killed.
Shall we Change Our Recommendations for San Jose Scale Control

During the years of 1920 to 1922 inclusive, the San Jose Scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus, has increased very rapidly in southern Illinois and neighboring states. In southern Illinois it has resulted in the loss of over one thousand acres of commercial orchard annually treated with lime sulphur. Experimental work was carried out in the spring of 1922 with miscible oil and lubricating oil emulsion, similar to those used by the Federal Bureau of Entomology in Florida. The lubricating oil emulsion gave nearly as good control of the scale as did the miscible oil and a much higher degree of control than was obtained from the best grades of liquid lime sulphur. As a result of this work the lubricating oil will be generally used in southern Illinois during the coming year.
Research Advances in Oil Sands Separation Technology

Along with the increasing depletion of conventional energy,oil sands as a unconventional energy with huge reserves,the importance gradually increased.The oil sands separation techniques were presented,mainly involving hot alkaline separation,solvent extraction technology,pyrolysis technique,ultrasonic separation technology,and ionic liquid assist separation technology.Through analyzing,catalytic cracking process was the essence of oil sands pyrolysis that was proposed.Finally,the existing problems of oil sands separation technology were analyzed.New direction about the development of oil sands separation technology was pointed out,providing a reference for the exploitation.
Faults Statistics and Analysis for Equipments of Transformer' s Type in SG System in 2002-2003

This paper gives the faults statistics and analysis for 110 kV and the above equipments of transformer' s type in the State Grid Corp. of China, which reflects emphatically the quality condition and the problems occurred in operation for these equipments, and is taken as quality information feedback and the important basis for compiling the technical standard of equipment, operation management specification, guidance book of overhaul work, regulation of technical supervision and countermeasures for preventing faults.
On the Generality and Particularity of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection in Western China——In accordance with the "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law"

The new implemented "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law" sums up experiences about cultural heritage protection in our country during the past decades.The Law promotes the cultural heritage protection of China to a scientific,standardized and institutionalized period.In the new era,intangible cultural heritage protection of ethnic minorities in the western region of China should be carried out in accordance with the novel ideas drawing from the "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law".The protective measures which are particularly suitable for the western region should also be actively explored.
Influence of Cordyceps on PMN Activation of Human Race

To investigate the influence of Cordyceps on PMN activation of human race,60 healthy volunteers were randomized into observation group and control group.In observation group,500 mg Cordyceps was given to each person,three times a day for a total of one month.The phagocytosis of PMN and the concentrations of sICAM 1 ,PGE2 and LTC4 were assayed before and after medication.Results:In observation group,the phagocytosis and the concentrations of sICAM 1 and PGE2 reduced,but the concentration of LTC4 remained unchanged;this situation did not happen in control group.It is indicated that Cordyceps may inhibit the PMN activation by Cyclooxygenase pathway.
TEMPERATURE TELEMETER WITH SINGLE - CHIP COMPUTER SYSTEM

The temperature data acquisition and transmission system were intruded in the paper, which was made of temperature sensor circuit, temperature data transform , data transmitting and receiving, data handling and result displaying by single -chip computer. The characteristics of the system are that the new type receiving and transmitting circuit was used and PIC single chip computer complete employed to acquire and analyze the data. With smaller volume, less weight and lower cost it may be used as temperature telemeter in the fields of atmosphere environment supervision, in granary and so on.
MR of Obstetric Diseases in Pregnancy

Pregnancy predisposes women to a range of obstetric complications, which are often multifaceted and perplexing. Imaging plays a decisive role in the diagnosis and management of these complications. Ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confer the least risk to the fetus and should be the favored examinations for evaluating these complications. MRI does not expose mother and fetus to ionizing radiation and provides cross-sectional images in any plane with high anatomic resolution even without intravenous contrast administration. Knowledge of appositeness of imaging is necessary for precise patient management. This chapter provides comprehensive update of spectrum of non-fetal obstetric diseases affecting pregnant patients.
Can Equity Crowdfunding Democratize Access to Capital and Investment Opportunities

Ever since Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and others launched crowdfunding platforms, there has been great demand for crowdfunding to move beyond in-kind rewards to equity, so that a broader group of people might share in the returns of the “next big idea.” However, for the vast majority of people, getting in on the ground floor of an innovative, new startup via owning shares was not just out of reach, but out of bounds as well. To protect people from investing more than they could afford to lose and to guard against fraud, U.S. Securities laws made it illegal for early-stage startups to sell shares to regular people through online platforms. That is all about to change. Today, implementing rules for Title III go into effect, allowing for the first time, startups to solicit funds from anyone in exchange for shares via online platforms. However, the question remains, are equity crowdfunding platforms likely to attract the next “billion-dollar startup” and offer real opportunities for everyday investors to share in the profits? This policy brief considers this question through the emerging field of innovation science, applying a simple economic analysis to evaluate the likely impact and effect of the new equity crowdfunding rules. In short, the briefing finds: 1) Title III is not likely to provide either everyday investors or high-growth startup founders with significant new markets for funding the “next great idea”; 2) Title III could lead to novel opportunities for investment and experimentation, opening new avenues of funding for small businesses, means of building a committed user base, and vehicles for marketing and branding; 3) Through experimentation with new market design rules, data streams (e.g. integration with verifiable growth metrics) and milestone-based funding, equity crowdfunding platforms could improve the quality and type of startups they are able to attract; 4) Regulators should not lose sight of Title II — the provision of the JOBS Act permitting accredited investors to use equity crowdfunding — as an alternative pathway for achieving some of Title III’s initial goals. While equity crowdfunding under Title III may not evolve as many may have originally hoped, it still may bring new forms of capital to small businesses and offer new and beneficial ways for people to connect with companies and causes about which they are passionate.
The adult development of cognition and learning

Cognition in adult development arises out of the dynamic interplay of (1) gains in knowledge-based systems, expertise, and skill and (2) losses in speed of processing, working memory capacity, and attentional control processes. These changes have important effects on the nature of learning and entail that strategies in instruction be developmentally sensitive throughout the life span. At the same time, formal education early in, and educational experiences throughout, the life span shapes these lifelong trajectories and, therefore, is an essential element to successful aging. This article examines this bidirectional relationship between education and cognitive vitality through adulthood.
Cascaded droop control for dc overvoltage suppression in a multi-terminal HVDC system under onshore side AC faults

In a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) system connecting windfarms, the widely used dc voltage margin and droop control cannot be directly applied to offshore converters due to the lack of existing ac grid. Therefore, the dc voltage regulation only relies on the onshore converters, and its variation will not affect wind power generation. This paper introduces a cascaded droop control scheme for offshore converters and windfarms, which enables autonomous wind power adjustment during onshore station side ac faults, using offshore side ac voltage magnitude as an intermediate variable. Different from the traditional dc voltage droop control (νdc - pdc droop), the embedded dead-band and offshore station transformer leakage impedance will greatly impact the operation point of the MTDC system if the proposed cascade droop control is used, thus requiring special consideration during droop parameters design. Simulation results from a four-terminal HVDC system generated with Matlab/Simulink and experimental results from a scaled down prototype are provided to support the theoretical analysis and proposed control scheme.
A Drosophila Model for Aggression

Aggressive behavior is important for survival and reproduction and is evolutionarily conserved across taxa. Aggression is a complex trait influenced by genes, environment, and interaction between genes and environment. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster model system offers the advantage of having powerful genetic tools that can be used to unravel the roles of genes and other factors in behavior. In this chapter, studies of aggressive behavior in Drosophila will be reviewed from ecological, evolutionary, neurological, and genetic points of view. Here, I discuss (1) ecological or behavioral interactions between individuals that influence aggressive behavior in Drosophila; (2) relationships between social experience and the Drosophila central nervous system; and (3) the genetic architecture of aggressive behavior using both single gene analysis of induced mutations and quantitative genetic analysis. Future research directions on aggressive behavior in Drosophila are addressed.
Challenges in Measuring Secondary Mathematics Teachers’ Professional Noticing of Students’ Mathematical Thinking

Our focus is on teachers’ professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking which Jacobs et al. (Jacobs, Lamb, & Philipp, 2010) describe as a set of three interrelated skills: (1) attending to students’ strategies, (2) interpreting the students’ mathematical understandings, (3) deciding how to respond on the basis of students’ understandings. We focus on secondary teachers’ professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking because we believe teachers with expertise in noticing children’s mathematical thinking are better poised to support their students’ mathematical performance and understanding. However, studying teacher noticing at the secondary level presents unique methodological challenges. We first consider methodological issues in measuring K–12 teachers’ professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking, and then consider three methodological challenges that are particular to secondary mathematics classrooms. These issues center around the challenges of artifact selection, determining the relative sophistication of responses, and the lack of access to experts’ responses at the secondary level. Also, we consider the cultures of teaching in the elementary and secondary contexts.
Marcus Theory of Ion-Pairing

We present a theory for ion pair dissociation and association, motivated by the concepts of Marcus theory of electron transfer. Despite the extensive research on ion-pairing in many chemical and biological processes, much can be learned from the exploration of collective reaction coordinates. To this end, we explore two reaction coordinates, ion pair distance and coordination number. The study of the correlation between these reaction coordinates provides a new insight into the mechanism and kinetics of ion pair dissociation and association in water. The potential of mean force on these 2D surfaces computed from molecular dynamics simulations of different monovalent ion pairs reveal a Marcus-like mechanism for ion-pairing: Water molecules rearrange forming an activated coordination state prior to ion pair dissociation or association, followed by relaxation of the coordination state due to further water rearrangement. Like Marcus theory, we find the existence of an inverted region where the transition rate...
Extreme Learning Machines with Heterogeneous Data Types

Abstract Current advances in communication, sensor and computing technologies are generating information in never before seen amounts and at constantly increasing rates (i.e. the information explosion, the Internet of Things). From the point of view of data analytics, the information is composed of a diversity of data types and it contains uncertainties and incompleteness of different degrees, which add an extra component to the original heterogeneity. Many data mining and machine learning methods do not handle heterogeneity well. Extreme learning machines (ELM) are interesting computational algorithms because of their simplicity, their good performance and their speed. They can be extended for processing information composed of heterogeneous data types (HT-ELM), capable of addressing classification and regression problems with complex data. Two approaches are discussed: one works directly with the heterogeneous data and the other one transforms the information into simpler homogeneous spaces that preserve structural properties. In them, standard learning methods can be applied, including classical ELMs among others. Both approaches are illustrated using real world examples involving heterogeneous predictor variables composed of mixtures of nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, fuzzy variables, and entire empirical probability distributions. In all cases HT-ELM and ELM models produced results that compare favorably with well-established methods.
Unusual Crystallization Behavior Close to the Glass Transition

Using molecular simulations, we shed light on the mechanism underlying crystal nucleation in metal alloys and unravel the interplay between crystal nucleation and glass transition, as the conditions of crystallization lie close to this transition. While decreasing the temperature of crystallization usually results in a lower free energy barrier, we find an unexpected reversal of behavior for glass-forming alloys as the temperature of crystallization approaches the glass transition. For this purpose, we simulate the crystallization process in two glass-forming Copper alloys, ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{6}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$, which has a positive heat of mixing, and CuZr, characterized by a large negative heat of mixing. Our results allow us to identify this unusual behavior as directly correlated with a nonmonotonic temperature dependence for the formation energy of connected icosahedral structures, which are incompatible with crystalline order and impede the development of the crystal nucleus, leading to an unexpectedly larger free energy barrier at low temperature. This, in turn, promotes the formation of a predominantly closed-packed critical nucleus, with fewer defects, thereby suggesting a new way to control the structure of the crystal nucleus, which is of key importance in catalysis.
Hepatocyte nuclear receptor SHP suppresses inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning health problem worldwide, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL, steatosis without hepatocellular injury) to the more aggressive nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, steatosis with ballooning, inflammation, or fibrosis). Although many studies have greatly contributed to the elucidation of NAFLD pathogenesis, the disease progression from NAFL to NASH remains incompletely understood. Nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (Nr0b2, SHP) is a transcriptional regulator critical for the regulation of bile acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Here, we show that SHP levels are decreased in the livers of patients with NASH and in diet-induced mouse NASH. Exposing primary mouse hepatocytes to palmitic acid and lipopolysaccharide in vitro, we demonstrated that the suppression of Shp expression in hepatocytes is due to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which stimulates c-Jun–mediated transcriptional repression of Shp. Interestingly, in vivo induction of hepatocyte-specific SHP in steatotic mouse liver ameliorated NASH progression by attenuating liver inflammation and fibrosis, but not steatosis. Moreover, a key mechanism linking the anti-inflammatory role of hepatocyte-specific SHP expression to inflammation involved SHP-induced suppression of NF-κB p65-mediated induction of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), which activates macrophage proinflammatory polarization and migration. In summary, our results indicate that a JNK/SHP/NF-κB/CCL2 regulatory network controls communications between hepatocytes and macrophages and contributes to the disease progression from NAFL to NASH. Our findings may benefit the development of new management or prevention strategies for NASH.
Abstract 15519: Baseline Septal Thickness Does Not Predict One-Year Echocardiographic and Functional Outcomes after Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Introduction: There is a paucity of data regarding the impact of septal thickness on outcomes after alcohol septal ablation (ASA) for medically refractory hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with obstruction. We assessed the hypothesis that baseline septal thickness would impact one-year echocardiographic and functional outcomes following ASA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 156 consecutive patients that underwent ASA at our institution between October 1999 and December 2007 who had echocardiographic images available for review at baseline and one year. These patients were divided into 3 groups based on baseline septal thickness; Group A: Results: Each group had a similar and significant reduction in LVOT gradient after ASA (see Figure 1A). There was also a significant reduction in NYHA class in each group after ASA (see Figure 1B). The magnitude of NYHA class reduction between groups was similar (-1.26 vs. -1.44 vs. -1.29 for groups A, B, and C, respectively; p=NS). A total of 17 patients underwent repeat ASA and 1 patient underwent myectomy. There was no significant difference in the rate of repeat septal reduction therapy between the 3 groups (13.3%, 11.7%, and 4.8%, respectively; p=NS). Conclusion: Patients undergoing ASA for medically refractory HCM had similar and significant improvements in LVOT gradients and NYHA class regardless of baseline septal thickness with no significant difference in the rate of repeat septal reduction therapy at one year.
What prevents youth at clinical high risk for psychosis from engaging in physical activity? An examination of the barriers to physical activity

Abstract Background Exercise has increasingly been proposed as a healthful intervention prior to and after the onset of psychosis. There is some evidence to suggest that youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are less physically active and report more barriers to engaging in exercise; however, there has been relatively limited empirical work documenting this phenomenon, and to date, relationships between physical activity, barriers, and clinical phenomenology have been unclear. Methods CHR (N = 51) and healthy control (N = 37) participants completed a structured clinical interview assessing attenuated psychotic symptoms and substance use, and an exercise survey that assessed current exercise practices, perceived physical fitness, and barriers related to engaging in exercise. Results CHR youth engaged in less physical activity, exhibited lower perception of fitness, and endorsed more barriers related to motivation for exercise. The CHR group showed significant negative correlations where lower perceptions of fitness were associated with increased negative, disorganized, and general symptoms. Decreased frequency of activity was related to more barriers of motivation. Interestingly, greater symptomatology in the CHR group was associated with more barriers of self-perception and motivation for engaging in exercise. However, findings suggested a nuanced relationship in this area; for example, increased physical activity was associated with increased substance use. Conclusions The results of the current study support the notion that sedentary behavior is common in CHR youth, and more broadly, provide an impetus to target motivation through supervised exercise and fitness tracking to promote the health and well-being of CHR individuals.
Large period nearly de Bruijn FCSR sequences

Recently, a new class of feedback shift registers (FCSRs) was introduced, based on algebra over the 2-adic numbers. The sequences generated by these registers have many algebraic properties similar to those generated by linear feedback shift registers. However, it appears to be significantly more difficult to find maximal period FCSR sequences. In this paper we exhibit a technique for easily finding FCSRs that generate nearly maximal period sequences. We further show that these sequence have excellent distributional properties. They are balanced, and nearly have the deBruijn property for distributions of subsequences.
The Phenomenology of Homesickness in Boys

Homesickness is the distress or impairment caused by an actual or anticipated separation from home. It is characterized by acute longing and preoccupying thoughts of home and attachment objects. This study extended previous research on the phenomenology of childhood homesickness by assessing a sample of 316 boys, ages 8–16, who were spending 2 weeks at a single-sex residential summer camp. Some 18% of the children reported moderate or high levels of homesickness; 7% reported concomitant severe depressive and anxious symptoms. Homesickness intensity was negatively correlated with separation experience and age. It was most commonly associated with depressive symptoms and internalizing behavior problems. For severely homesick boys, intensity increased over time, decreasing just prior to their return home. Preseparation assessment suggested that severely homesick boys had elevated levels of homesickness and negative emotions months before arriving at camp. One-year follow-up data suggested that the intensity of severe homesickness decreased with age and experience. However, severely homesick boys were less likely than other boys to return to camp. The results demonstrate how brief separations can affect children's well-being and attitudes about separations. Severe homesickness is distinct from separation anxiety disorder, but has elements of this and other psychopathologies. Theories of negative emotion, attachment, and coping complement emerging theories of homesickness.
Feedback Solution and Receding Horizon Control Synthesis for a Class of Quantum Control Problems

Control of quantum systems described by the linear Schrodinger equation are considered. Control inputs enter through coupling operators and results in a bilinear control system. Feedback control laws are developed for the orbit tracking and the performance of the feedback control laws is demonstrated by the stable and accurate numerical integrations of the closed-loop system. The receding horizon control synthesis is applied to improve the performance of the feedback law. The second order accurate numerical integrations via time-splitting and the monotone convergent iterative scheme are combined to solve the optimality system, i.e., the two-pint boundary value problem on a given time horizon. The feasibility of the proposed synthesis is demonstrated by numerical tests and the performance is greatly improved if we apply the receding horizon control.
Reliability and Repeatability of the Speech Cue Profile

Purpose Researchers have long noted speech recognition variability that is not explained by the pure-tone audiogram. Previous work (Souza, Wright, Blackburn, Tatman, & Gallun, 2015) demonstrated th...
Galaxy morphology prediction using Capsule Networks

Understanding morphological types of galaxies is a key parameter for studying their formation and evolution. Neural networks that have been used previously for galaxy morphology classification have some disadvantages, such as not being invariant under rotation. In this work, we studied the performance of Capsule Network, a recently introduced neural network architecture that is rotationally invariant and spatially aware, on the task of galaxy morphology classification. We designed two evaluation scenarios based on the answers from the question tree in the Galaxy Zoo project. In the first scenario, we used Capsule Network for regression and predicted probabilities for all of the questions. In the second scenario, we chose the answer to the first morphology question that had the highest user agreement as the class of the object and trained a Capsule Network classifier, where we also reconstructed galaxy images. We achieved promising results in both of these scenarios. Automated approaches such as the one introduced here will greatly decrease the workload of astronomers and will play a critical role in the upcoming large sky surveys.
Beyond Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon in Physics and Elsewhere

The pillars of contemporary theoretical physics are classical mechanics, Maxwell electromagnetism, relativity, quantum mechanics, and Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics -including its connection with thermodynamics. The BG theory describes amazingly well the thermal equilibrium of a plethora of so-called simple systems. However, BG statistical mechanics and its basic additive entropy S B G started, in recent decades, to exhibit failures or inadequacies in an increasing number of complex systems. The emergence of such intriguing features became apparent in quantum systems as well, such as black holes and other area-law-like scenarios for the von Neumann entropy. In a different arena, the efficiency of the Shannon entropy-as the BG functional is currently called in engineering and communication theory-started to be perceived as not necessarily optimal in the processing of images (e.g., medical ones) and time series (e.g., economic ones). Such is the case in the presence of generic long-range space correlations, long memory, sub-exponential sensitivity to the initial conditions (hence vanishing largest Lyapunov exponents), and similar features. Finally, we witnessed, during the last two decades, an explosion of asymptotically scale-free complex networks. This wide range of important systems eventually gave support, since 1988, to the generalization of the BG theory. Nonadditive entropies generalizing the BG one and their consequences have been introduced and intensively studied worldwide. The present review focuses on these concepts and their predictions, verifications, and applications in physics and elsewhere. Some selected examples (in quantum information, high- and low-energy physics, low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems, earthquakes, turbulence, long-range interacting systems, and scale-free networks) illustrate successful applications. The grounding thermodynamical framework is briefly described as well.
Near Infrared-Activated Dye-Linked ZnO Nanoparticles Release Reactive Oxygen Species for Potential Use in Photodynamic Therapy

Novel dye-linked zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) hold potential as photosensitizers for biomedical applications due to their excellent thermal- and photo-stability. The particles produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation with 850 nm near infrared (NIR) light in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Upon irradiation, ROS detected in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human carcinoma MCF7 cells positively correlated with particle concentration and interestingly, ROS detected in MCF7 was higher than in HUVEC. Preferential cytotoxicity was also exhibited by the NPs as cell killing was higher in MCF7 than in HUVEC. In the absence of irradiation, dye-linked ZnO particles minimally affected the viability of cell (HUVEC) at low concentrations (<30 μg/mL), but viability significantly decreased at higher particle concentrations, suggesting a need for particle surface modification with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) for improved biocompatibility. The presence of PEG on particles after dialysis was indicated by an increase in size, an increase in zeta potential towards neutral, and spectroscopy results. Cell viability was improved in the absence of irradiation when cells were exposed to PEG-coated, dye-linked ZnO particles compared to non-surface modified particles. The present study shows that there is potential for biological application of dye-linked ZnO particles in photodynamic therapy.
Mi3-GPU: MCMC-based inverse Ising inference on GPUs for protein covariation analysis

Inverse Ising inference is a method for inferring the coupling parameters of a Potts/Ising model based on observed site-covariation, which has found important applications in protein physics for detecting interactions between residues in protein families. We introduce Mi3-GPU ("mee-three", for MCMC Inverse Ising Inference) software for solving the inverse Ising problem for protein-sequence datasets with few analytic approximations, by parallel Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo sampling on GPUs. We also provide tools for analysis and preparation of protein-family Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) to account for finite-sampling issues, which are a major source of error or bias in inverse Ising inference. Our method is "generative" in the sense that the inferred model can be used to generate synthetic MSAs whose mutational statistics (marginals) can be verified to match the dataset MSA statistics up to the limits imposed by the effects of finite sampling. Our GPU implementation enables the construction of models which reproduce the covariation patterns of the observed MSA with a precision that is not possible with more approximate methods. The main components of our method are a GPU-optimized algorithm to greatly accelerate MCMC sampling, combined with a multi-step Quasi-Newton parameter-update scheme using a "Zwanzig reweighting" technique. We demonstrate the ability of this software to produce generative models on typical protein family datasets for sequence lengths L ~ 300 with 21 residue types with tens of millions of inferred parameters in short running times.
Study of universal salt iodization on child intellectual quotient development in Hainan province

Objective To estimate the impact of universal salt iodization on child intelligence quotient (IQ) development in Hainan province. Methods In this is a cross-section study from September in 2008 to April in 2009,the observation group was historical iodine deficiency ward which includes 2 counties and 6 townships,and the control group was non-historical ward which includes 6 counties and 9 townships. Comparison of child IQ distribution according to different geographical housing position(plain,mountainous area,coast),age and sex based on the result of urine iodine examination and the IQ test of children between 8 and 10 years old. Results The median of urinary iodine of children in the observation group was 196.2μg/L which was 2.13 times of the urinary iodine median in the control group(91.9μg/L). The average IQ of children in the observation group was 94.7 which was 8.5 higher than the control group(86.2) ; IQ≤69 rate in this group was 7.7%(91/1179),and it was 8.9 percentage point lower than the control group[16.6%(253/1520)]; IQ≥ 110 rate of the group was 18.3%(216/1179),and it was 10.0 percentage point higher than the control group[8.3%(126/1520)]. The average IQ of children living in mountainous area(83.1) was the lowest in the control group. It was 3.5 and 5.1 lower than that of the children living in the plain(86.6) and coastal area(88.2) respectively; the IQ≤69 rate of children living in mountainous area [20.5%(91/443)]was the highest,and it was 3.8 and 7.1 percentage point higher than that of the children living in the plain [16.7% (89/533)]and coastal areas [13.4% (73/544)]respectively. The average IQ of children aged 8 (97.4) was similar to those aged 9(95.9) in the observation group which was 6.8 and 5.3 higher than that of the children aged 10(90.6) in the same group respectively; However,the average IQ of children aged 8,9 and 10 was close in the control group(86.8,86.3 and 85.6). The average IQ of boys(96.2) was 3.1 higher than that of the girls(93.1),and their IQ≤69 rate[6.3%(37/590)]was 2.9 percentage point lower than that of the girls[9.2% (54/589)]in the observation group. On the other hand,the average IQ(87.2) of boys was 2.1 higher than that of the girls(85.1),and IQ≤69 rate[14.5%(114/787)]was 4.5 percentage point lower than that of the girls [19.0%(139/733)]in the control group. The average IQ of children with different housing geographical position,age and sex in observation group was 5.0-12.4 higher than that of the control group; their IQ≤69 rate was 7.7-13.2 percentage point lower than that of the control group; their IQ≥110 rate was 5.6-13.0 percentage point higher than that of the control group. Conclusions Supplementing salt iodization can improve child intelligence. Supplementing iodine can increase the child IQ and reduce the child mental retardation. Key words: Iodine; Salts; Urine; Children; Intelligence
PanRep: Universal node embeddings for heterogeneous graphs

Learning unsupervised node embeddings facilitates several downstream tasks such as node classification and link prediction. A node embedding is universal if it is designed to be used by and benefit various downstream tasks. This work introduces PanRep, a graph neural network (GNN) model, for unsupervised learning of universal node representations for heterogenous graphs. PanRep consists of a GNN encoder that obtains node embeddings and four decoders, each capturing different topological and node feature properties. Abiding to these properties the novel unsupervised framework learns universal embeddings applicable to different downstream tasks. PanRep can be furthered fine-tuned to account for possible limited labels. In this operational setting PanRep is considered as a pretrained model for extracting node embeddings of heterogenous graph data. PanRep outperforms all unsupervised and certain supervised methods in node classification and link prediction, especially when the labeled data for the supervised methods is small. PanRep-FT (with fine-tuning) outperforms all other supervised approaches, which corroborates the merits of pretraining models. Finally, we apply PanRep-FT for discovering novel drugs for Covid-19. We showcase the advantage of universal embeddings in drug repurposing and identify several drugs used in clinical trials as possible drug candidates.