cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pore pressure response of saturated soils around a penetrating object

Abstract It is known that the excess pore pressure response of saturated soils around a penetrating object varies depending on the location of the pore pressure measuring point. In this work, the pore pressure response of soils measured during the penetration test is analyzed by the finite element analysis based on the coupled theory of mixtures. It is also experimentally investigated using the Louisiana State University calibration chamber test. From this study, it is found that the pore pressure distribution along a penetration object is higher at the face and lower at the shaft. This phenomenon is typically believed to be due to two different mechanisms of excess pore pressure generation. The first is the shear induced pore water pressure and the second is the compression induced pore water pressure. It is shown that the interaction and accompanying dissipation of the shear-induced pore pressure and compression-induced pore pressure play a major role for the excess pore pressure response at the shaft of the penetrating object.
CCP: common case promotion for improved timing error resilience with energy efficiency

Better-Than-Worst-case (BTW) design has been proposed as an alternative way to operate a circuit by deliberately allowing timing errors for rare cases and rectifying them with error correction mechanisms in order to achieve higher performance, better reliability guarantee, or lower energy consumption. This new design methodology necessitates the analysis and manipulation of signal probabilities during circuit optimization. This paper looks for the solution from the logic synthesis perspective and proposes a new concept, called Common Case Promotion (CCP), to enable effective circuit optimization following the BTW design methodology. CCP consists of: 1) probability-driven re-synthesis that changes a digital circuit's internal structure, 2) a dynamic behavior aware SAT-based redundancy remover that reduces area overhead, and 3) a timed characteristic function (TCF) based circuit dynamic behavior analyzer that provides optimization convergence. The experimental results show that, on average, we can effectively improve circuits' timing error resilience by 24%, which reduces the need of error recovery for BTW circuits considerably, and we can improve the overall energy efficiency by 15%.
Low back pain prevalence and characteristics in caregivers of stroke patients: a pilot study.

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and features of low back pain (LBP) among stroke caregivers. Method: Participants included 64 caregivers of stroke survivors in our inpatient clinic. Age, gender, body weight, FIM™, and Brunnstrom Scale of patients and low back pain history, Short Form-36 (SF-36), Beck Depression Measure (BDM), and Oswestry Disability Scale (ODS) of caregivers were reported. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results: Fifty-three (82.8 %) of caregivers had LBP. Stroke survivors of caregivers with LBP (group 1) had significantly lower FIM™ scores when compared with stroke survivors of caregivers without LBP (group 2) (P < .05). All SF-36 subscores and total score of group 1 except mental health were significantly lower than SF-36 scores of group 2. Discussion: The lifetime, 12-month period, and point prevalence of LBP were 44.1%, 34.0%, and 19.7%, respectively, in our country. Caregivers had a higher frequenc...
The proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun modulate thyroid hormone inhibition of human thyrotropin β subunit gene expression in opposite directions

Abstract The sequence from −1 to +6 bp in the hTSHβ gene contains overlapping putative thyroid hormone and AP-1 response elements. We demonstrate interaction between the AP-1 constituents c-fos and c-jun and thyroid hormone receptor in this region by transient transfection experiments using a −125 to +37 bp hTSHβ fragment. T3 inhibition was completely abolished by c-jun, but increased threefold by c-fos. A single transversion mutation at +2 bp restored T3 inhibition in the presence of c-jun and markedly reduced binding of purified c-jun by gel mobility shift assay. Thus, c-fos and c-jun influence T3 inhibition of hTSHβ expression in opposite directions acting through a response element shared with thyroid hormone receptor. Control of the relative cellular levels of these two proto-oncogenes may play a major role in modulating thyroid hormone inhibitory responses.
Nanopositioning techniques development for synchrotron radiation instrumentation applications at the Advanced Photon Source

At modern synchrotron radiation sources and beamlines, high‐precision positioning techniques present a significant opportunity to support state‐of‐the‐art synchrotron radiation research. Meanwhile, the required instrument positioning performance and capabilities, such as resolution, dynamic range, repeatability, speed, and multiple axes synchronization are exceeding the limit of commercial availability. This paper presents the current nanopositioning techniques developed for the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM)/Advanced Photon Source (APS) hard x‐ray nanoprobe and high‐resolution x‐ray monochromators and analyzers for the APS X‐ray Operations and Research (XOR) beamlines. Future nanopositioning techniques to be developed for the APS renewal project will also be discussed.
A vertical flat-bed discontinuous electrophoresis system in polyacrylamide gel

Abstract A technique for electrophoretic separations in flat-bed vertical discontinuous acrylamide gel systems is described. Comparisons of protein separations and esterase zymograms indicate that greater resolution is achieved with this procedure than with previously reported systems. With schlieren optics, migration rates and zone diffusion may be studied during separation in this system. The accurate location of well-resolved protein zones by optical or staining procedures provides a small-scale highresolution preparative capability in addition to the qualitative and quantitative employment of this system.
Aqueous solution properties of a poly(vinyl imidazolium sulphobetaine)

Abstract In this investigation the aqueous solution properties of an ampholytic poly(vinyl imidazolium sulphobetaine) are discussed. This class of polymer is water insoluble and its solubilization is related to the type and concentration of added salt. Cloud point determinations, intrinsic viscosity and light scattering studies are presented to illustrate the solution behaviour of this polyampholyte as a function of the type of cation and anion present. An explanation of its solubility in certain salt solutions is presented.
Abdominal contour surgery for the massive weight loss patient: the fleur-de-lis approach.

Background Massive weight loss patients often have significant upper midline abdominal fullness that contributes to the overall abdominal girth. This region frequently is not adequately treated with conventional abdominoplasty techniques. Objective The author used a fleur-de-lis pattern when performing a full abdominoplasty or circumferential abdominoplasty. The technical refinements of this procedure for massive weight-loss patients are presented, as well as considerations of the technique's safety. Methods A full abdominoplasty pattern was marked, and the inferior incision was lowered along the midline to adjust for mons pubis ptosis as necessary. The vertical component of the abdominoplasty was marked as an inverted “V” or triangle to decrease the abdominal girth, and the cephalic portion was “rounded off” to create an inverted “U.” It was important to lower the final incision of the superior margin of the original abdominal pannus resection approximately 2 to 3 cm to allow for minimal tension at the lower abdominal midline closure. The back and flanks were marked for those patients undergoing a circumferential procedure using a gull-wing type incision, joining it with the anterior abdominal marks. The mid-axillary line was marked bilaterally. Vertical reference lines were also drawn along the back to aid in aligning the upper and lower back incisions. The back was treated first for those patients undergoing a circumferential procedure, and then the patient was repositioned supine for treatment of the abdomen and flanks. Results Ten patients whose average weight loss was 137 pounds after gastric bypass surgery underwent abdominal contour surgery incorporating a fleur-de-lis pattern. Two men and 8 women with ages ranging from 17 to 53 years (average, 39 years) were treated. Seven underwent a circumferential procedure whereas 3 underwent an isolated abdominoplasty. The follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 26 months, with an average follow-up of 9.5 months. Five patients had a hernia repair performed in conjunction with the abdominal contour surgery. There was no flap loss or wound dehiscence at the inverted “T” closure for any patient. Conclusions Use of a fleur-de-lis pattern in abdominal body contouring is a safe and effective technique for properly selected massive weight-loss patients. It is particularly appropriate for those patients with significant upper midline abdominal fullness.
Influence of the drinking water disinfection by-product dibromoacetic acid on rat estrous cyclicity and ovarian follicular steroid release in vitro

Abstract The drinking water disinfection by-product, dibromoacetic acid (DBA) has been reported to affect gonadal functions in the male rat. However, there is little information regarding the influence of DBA on female reproductive activity. Consequently, the present study investigated the effects of DBA on estrous cyclicity and the impact in vitro of DBA on ovarian follicular steroid secretion. Regularly cycling animals were dosed with DBA (0 to 270 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and estrous cyclicity was monitored during treatment and for an additional 2-week posttreatment interval. A dose-related alteration in cyclicity was observed at 90 and 270 mg/kg/day, which persisted through the posttreatment monitoring in the high dose group. An in vitro exposure of preovulatory follicles to DBA was then used to assess the influence of DBA on steroid release. To select a concentration for use, a single oral exposure to 270 mg/kg was administered, and the mean blood levels were determined over a 5-h interval. For this in vitro work, pairs of preovulatory follicles from PMSG-primed immature rats were exposed to 0 or 50 μg/mL DBA over a 24-h period and evaluated for estradiol and progesterone release under baseline and hCG-stimulated conditions. The influence of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) exposures under these conditions was also determined. In the nonstimulated condition, DBA was found to increase the release of estradiol, but had no detectable effect in response to hCG. Progesterone, however, showed marked suppression under hCG stimulation following exposure to DBA, while nonstimulated secretion was unaffected. TNFα by itself also suppressed stimulated progesterone release, but had no additional effect in combination with DBA. The data suggest that one factor in the disruption in estrous cyclicity could be an alteration in steroid production, which was characterized by separate effects on both estradiol and progesterone secretion.
Ab initio search for global minimum structures of neutral and anionic B4H4 clusters

Abstract Potential energy surfaces of neutral and anionic B4H4 clusters were sampled using a Coalescence Kick method. A diverse set of global minimum structures and low-lying isomers was found for the studied clusters. Theoretical vertical electron detachment energies were calculated for the two lowest isomers of B 4 H 4 - , which could help to assign them in the future experimentally observed photoelectron spectra of the anion. Chemical bonding analysis for the global minimum structures and low-lying isomers of B4H4 and B 4 H 4 - was performed using the Adaptive Natural Density Partitioning method.
An acyclic diterpene from Viguiera deltoidea

Abstract A new geranylgeraniol type diterpene, named viguieric acid, was isolated from the dichloromethane extracts of V. deltoidea . Its structure was assigned to be (2 Z ,6 Z ,10 E )-3,15-dimethyl-7-carboxy-11-formyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraen-1-ol.
Multiwavelet moments and projection prefilters

An efficient projection procedure is derived for use of orthogonal multiwavelets in the analysis of discrete data sequences. A family of simple prefilters corresponding to numerical quadrature evaluation of the projection integrals provides exact results for locally polynomial data. The full approximation order of the multiwavelet basis can thus always be enabled. For nonpolynomial signals, the prefilters provide approximations to the coefficients of the multiwavelet series whose convergence accelerates quickly with increase in sampling rate. Comparison is also made with previous time-invariant multiwavelet prefilters.
REFRAMING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: A SERVICE‐DOMINANT LOGIC PERSPECTIVE

Shifting the dominant thinking of supply chain management toward the concepts of service, value cocreation, value propositions, operant resources, networks, service ecosystems and learning opens up many research opportunities and strategies for improved organizational performance. The emerging thought world of service-dominant logic is presented as a means to reframe supply chain scholarship and practice for increased relevance and impact.
A HOTLink/networked PC data acquisition and image reconstruction system for a high-resolution whole-body PET with respiratory or ECG-gated performance

An ultra high resolution PET camera in whole-body scanning or gated imaging study needs super computer-processing power for creating a huge sinogram as well as doing image reconstruction. A real-time HOTLink attached to networked cluster personal computers (PC) has been developed for this special purpose. In general, the coincidence data from a PET camera is unidirectional; therefore an additional daisy-chain bus using high speed HOTLink (400Mbit/s, Cypress Semiconductor, inc.) transmitters and receivers is designed to carry the coincidence data to networked (LAN) computers (PCs). In whole-body scanning, each PC will acquire sinogram data for one bed position, the data from HOTLink is interfaced to a PC through a fast PCI I/O board (80Mbyte/s); and after completion of data acquisition the PC begins to reconstruct the image meanwhile another PC will start data acquisition for the next bed position. The overall architecture for the image acquisition and reconstruction computing system is a pipeline design. The image result from one PC will be sent to a master computer for final tabulation and storage through the standard network, and this PC will be free for processing a new bed position. In gated respiratory or gated ECG imaging study, each PC will be reconfigured for processing a specified time-section image of a respiratory or ECG cycle. We are developing a high resolution PET camera with 38,016 BGO crystal elements which needs 1 to 2 gigabytes sinogram memory; the HOTLink/networked structure design allows us to split the huge sinogram into several PCs in real-time and the image reconstruction can be done in parallel.
Structural origins of misfolding propensity in the platelet adhesive von Willebrand factor A1 domain.

The von Willebrand factor (VWF) A1 and A3 domains are structurally isomorphic yet exhibit distinct mechanisms of unfolding. The A1 domain, responsible for platelet adhesion to VWF in hemostasis, unfolds through a molten globule intermediate in an apparent three-state mechanism, while A3 unfolds by a classical two-state mechanism. Inspection of the sequences or structures alone does not elucidate the source of this thermodynamic conundrum; however, the three-state character of the A1 domain suggests that it has more than one cooperative substructure yielding two separate unfolding transitions not present in A3. We investigate the extent to which structural elements contributing to intermediate conformations can be identified using a residue-specific implementation of the structure-energy-equivalence-of-domains algorithm (SEED), which parses proteins of known structure into their constituent thermodynamically cooperative components using protein-group-specific, transfer free energies. The structural elements computed to contribute to the non-two-state character coincide with regions where Von Willebrand disease mutations induce misfolded molten globule conformations of the A1 domain. This suggests a mechanism for the regulation of rheological platelet adhesion to A1 based on cooperative flexibility of the α2 and α3 helices flanking the platelet GPIbα receptor binding interface.
Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron

An attempt has been made to observe an electric dipole moment of the neutron by performing a neutron-beam magnetic-resonance experiment with a strong electric field superimposed parallel to the uniform magnetic field. Significant limits of error of the measurement based upon probability considerations cannot be assigned because of systematic errors larger than those expected from statistics. The results are not consistent with any absolute value appreciably greater than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21} e$ cm and are consistent with other recent measurements.
Elimination of colon cancer in germ-free transforming growth factor beta 1-deficient mice

Patients with ulcerative colitis are at risk for colon cancer and frequently have microsatellite instability,which, in turn, is usually associated with inactivation of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta signaling. TGF-beta1 deficiency in mice can lead to colon cancer that is preceded by precancerous lesions having submucosal inflammation and hyperplastic crypts. Germ-free TGF-beta1-deficient mice are free of inflammation, hyperplasia, and cancer, but when reintroduced into a Helicobacter hepaticus-containing specific pathogen-free room, these lesions reappear. Because adenoma/carcinoma but not inflammation/hyperplasia is dependent on the genetic backgrounds tested, colitis is required, but not sufficient, for carcinogenesis. This animal model should provide insight into the protective role of TGF-beta1 in early stages of ulcerative colitis-associated human colon cancer.
Excited, Proud, and Accomplished Exploring the Effects of Feedback Supplemented With Web-Based Peer Benchmarking on Self-Regulated Learning in Marketing Classrooms

This research explores and tests the effect of an innovative performance feedback practice—feedback supplemented with web-based peer benchmarking—through a lens of social cognitive framework for se...
A combinatorial view of visibility graphs of simple polygons

The paper describes a purely combinatorial approach to the study of visibility graphs of simple polygons. We introduce a class of polygons called generalized staircase polygons and show that the visibility graph of any simple nondegenerate polygon is isomorphic to the visibility graph of some simple generalized staircase polygon. A class of graphs called persistent graphs is defined and it is shown that the visibility graph of any simple polygon can be decomposed into a sequence of persistent graphs in a natural manner. A geometric characterization of persistent graphs is used to obtain a simple characterization of the visibility graphs of convex fans. This yields a polynomial time algorithm for the reconstruction problem for convex fans with a prescribed hamiltonian cycle. >
Genetic Predisposition to Bacillus piliformis Infection among Mice.

Tyzzer (1917), who described an epidemic that had appeared in his mouse colony, named the causative organism Bacillus piliformis , giving an inclusive description of its behaviour and morphology. Both natural and experimental infections were studied. The high susceptibility of the Japanese waltzers as contrasted with the relative immunity of the common mice suggests that the disease susceptibility may be linked with the waltzing factor.
Ebola Triage Screening and Public Health: The New “Vital Sign Zero”

During public health emergencies of international concern such as the 2014 Ebola event, health care leaders need to educate clinicians on the front lines to make uncomfortable, but real triage decisions that focus on optimization of population health outcomes over individual care. Health care workers must consider their own protection first before direct contact with potentially contagious patients. In an era of globalization and emerging infectious disease, routine triage including evaluation of the standard vital signs must shift to include public health considerations with immediate consequences. A new “vital sign zero” should be taken at the time of initial patient evaluation to assess for risk and exposure to potentially contagious infectious diseases.
Design Optimization of Nose Geometry of F -5E Aircraft for Sonic Boom Mitigation

The modified F -5E aircraft of Northrop Grumman for sonic boom shaping, also known as the S haped Sonic Boom Demonstrator is equipped with an optim ized nose attachment for sonic boom mitigation. The nose is extended by 20% of the aircraft length using an axisymmetric attachment . The geometry of the extension is optimized for ground level sonic boom mitigation using Response Surface Methodology and Computational Fluid Dynamics. 42.1 % reduction on the ground signal leading shock strength is predicted for the proposed nose modification , with 0.96% increase in lift and 1.08 decrease in drag . High fidelity non linear prediction methods are used which include unstructured Euler near -field solution with grid adaptation and shock fitting and 2 nd order non -linear full potential signal marching in entire cross -flow through mid -field.
Electronic Countermeasures [Microwave Surfing]

This article present an overview of a portable electronic communication jamming device that operates on the cellular phone frequency. The impact of this device on cellular phone service providers is also discussed.
Post‐Divorce Transfers and the Welfare of Mothers and Children in the United States

In this paper we analyze the relationship between post-divorce private transfers (child support and alimony), mothers' economic independence and children's welfare using US data. Our empirical results show that mothers who receive child support and alimony from absent fathers are more likely to work and to spend a higher proportion of the income on child-related goods. We argue that the pattern of empirical results is consistent with there being significant externalities between parents even after divorce.
Polynomials and Primary Decomposition

We have already defined polynomials, and their degree, in Chapter IX. In this chapter, we deal with the other standard properties of polynomials. The basic one is the Euclidean algorithm, or long division, taught (presumably) in all elementary schools.
Spectral method for a kinetic swarming model

In this paper we present the first numerical method for a kinetic description of the Vicsek swarming model. The kinetic model poses a unique challenge, as there is a distribution dependent collision invariant to satisfy when computing the interaction term. We use a spectral representation linked with a discrete constrained optimization to compute these interactions. To test the numerical scheme we investigate the kinetic model at different scales and compare the solution with the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of the Vicsek model. We observe that the kinetic model captures key features such as vortex formation and traveling waves.
Egg Morphology Varies Among Populations and Habitats Along a Suture Zone in the Lycaeides idas-melissa Species Complex (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

Insect eggs are often characterized by an intricately sculptured external surface, which has been used to a limited extent as a taxonomic character, but not at all in comparisons among populations within a species or among populations of closely related species. We describe egg morphology by using scanning electron microscopy from 12 populations within a species complex of host-specific butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Variation is found among populations and habitats. Adaptive hypotheses are discussed, and the observed variation is placed within the biogeographical context of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and adjacent regions.
Service Science And Accounting

The evolution of a new discipline of service science will creatively disturb the relationship between more established business disciplines. Each discipline is not an independent silo. As a result the purpose of this paper was to explore, at this early stage, how the new discipline may create opportunities for interdisciplinary scholarship. The specific purpose of this paper was to explore how service science might interact with the scholarly and professional practice of accounting. Accounting practice is dominated by a stewardship proposition. The stewardship proposition is a problem because typical service science investments will receive unfavorable treatment. Accountings other major proposition is valuation. Areas of opportunity for positive contributions from a service science approach are discussed. Service science, as viewed through an accounting lens, will have to find ways to overcome measurement and reporting methods that will not afford service science investments the full benefit of their strategic potential. Several avenues for research into ways service science can improve accounting scholarship are suggested.
Nicotine dependence and psychosis in Bipolar disorder and Schizoaffective disorder, Bipolar type

Patients with Bipolar disorder smoke more than the general population. Smoking negatively impacts mortality and clinical course in Bipolar disorder patients. Prior studies have shown contradictory results regarding the impact of psychosis on smoking behavior in Bipolar disorder. We analyzed a large sample of Bipolar disorder and Schizoaffective disorder, Bipolar Type patients and predicted those with a history of psychosis would be more likely to be nicotine dependent. Data from subjects and controls were collected from the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort (GPC). Subjects were diagnosed with Bipolar disorder without psychosis (N = 610), Bipolar disorder with psychosis (N = 1544). Participants were classified with or without nicotine dependence. Diagnostic groups were compared to controls (N = 10065) using logistic regression. Among smokers (N = 6157), those with Bipolar disorder had an increased risk of nicotine dependence (OR = 2.5; P < 0.0001). Patients with Bipolar disorder with psychosis were more likely to be dependent than Bipolar disorder patients without psychosis (OR = 1.3; P = 0.03). Schizoaffective disorder, Bipolar Type patients had more risk of nicotine dependence when compared to Bipolar disorder patients with or without psychosis (OR = 1.2; P = 0.02). Bipolar disorder patients experiencing more severity of psychosis have more risk of nicotine dependence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why Do Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasties Fail Today

Abstract Background Failure rates are higher in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) than total knee arthroplasty. To improve these failure rates, it is important to understand why medial UKA fail. Because individual studies lack power to show failure modes, a systematic review was performed to assess medial UKA failure modes. Furthermore, we compared cohort studies with registry-based studies, early with midterm and late failures and fixed-bearing with mobile-bearing implants. Methods Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane and annual registries were searched for medial UKA failures. Studies were included when they reported >25 failures or when they reported early ( 10 years). Results Thirty-seven cohort studies (4 level II studies and 33 level III studies) and 2 registry-based studies were included. A total of 3967 overall failures, 388 time-dependent failures, and 1305 implant design failures were identified. Aseptic loosening (36%) and osteoarthritis (OA) progression (20%) were the most common failure modes. Aseptic loosening (26%) was most common early failure mode, whereas OA progression was more commonly seen in midterm and late failures (38% and 40%, respectively). Polyethylene wear (12%) and instability (12%) were more common in fixed-bearing implants, whereas pain (14%) and bearing dislocation (11%) were more common in mobile-bearing implants. Conclusion This level III systematic review identified aseptic loosening and OA progression as the major failure modes. Aseptic loosening was the main failure mode in early years and mobile-bearing implants, whereas OA progression caused most failures in late years and fixed-bearing implants.
Neural Plasticity Part 1. Plasticity in the Developing Nervous System: Prenatal Maturation

The origin and development of the nervous system is a gradual process of cell division, migration, and specialization. The establishment of neural circuits requires cell-to-cell recognition. Despite an unceasing search, the mechanisms accounting for this cell-to-cell recognition remain unknown. In contrast, the stages in prenatal development from conception to birth and the sequence of events in the formation of the nervous system are known in considerable detail. The major purpose of Part 1 is to review the ontogeny of the spinal nervous system, with emphasis on the continuous remodeling phenomena that occur as a result of changes in neuronal activity or in the biochemical milieu. The underlying rationale for focusing on the details of prenatal maturation is to identify and analyze cell-to-cell interactions and to define their critical periods. This type of information is expected to provide explanations for previously unexplained developmental phenomena, to improve ability to diagnose and prognosticate in newborns with congenital anomalies of the nervous system, and to provide therapists with insights for improving treatment techniques for neonates with neurological deficits.
Die Kunst, unfehlbare Rezepte zu schreiben

Sind Sie schon einmal von einem Automaten fur das Programmieren eines Automaten programmiert worden? Sie mogen es nicht glauben wollen, aber das ist Ihnen mit groster Wahrscheinlichkeit schon passiert: als Sie namlich eine offentliche Fernsprechzelle benutzten. Dort erwartet Sie eine Benutzungsvorschrift, die nichts anderes ist als ein echtes Automatenprogramm, mit festen Befehlen und sogar einem bedingten Befehl, zumindest in der osterreichischen Spielart. Bei der deutschen Bundespost wird dem Benutzer des Automaten die Ausfuhrung des bedingten Befehls vom Automaten abgenommen. Vielleicht halt die osterreichische Postverwaltung mehr von der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Mensch und Maschine: man mus einen Zahlknopf drucken. Wir werden uns an die osterreichische Variante halten, weil sie fur unseren Zweck besser geeignet ist.
Culturally Responsive Experimental Intervention Studies: The Development of a Rubric for Paradigm Expansion

Neither legislative demand for evidence-based practices nor a focus on experimental designs for educational interventions has ameliorated the disparate educational opportunities and outcomes for youth from nondominant cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Recent initiatives to increase the rigor of intervention research in special education have largely ignored the implications of culture and its role in experimental research. The extent to which the experimental intervention studies are culturally responsive remains unexplored. We developed a rubric, modeled after prior rubrics for quality indicators of special education research, identifying criteria for culturally responsive research. Rubric items were created following a systematic review of literature and gathering feedback from experts. The 15-item rubric uses culture as a generative concept that mediates each aspect of experimental intervention research. Implications include expanding the field’s dominant empirical paradigm and increasing reflexivit...
On the role of thalamic pathology in diencephalic amnesia

Although it is now accepted that medial diencephalic lesions can produce severe amnesia in humans, the specific nuclei and neural pathways that must be damaged to impair memory have not yet been identified. Recent studies have shown that pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) in the rat can produce a consistent pattern of pathology in the thalamus and mammillary bodies and result in permanent impairments on behavioral measures of working memory. Behavioral deficits comparable to the PTD model have been observed in rats with thalamic lesions involving lateral portions of the internal medullary lamina (the L-IML site). Such impairments are not observed following lesions of limbic-related pathways associated with the fornix, mammillary bodies, or midline thalamus. The L-IML lesion affects the mediodorsal nucleus (MDn) and both the intralaminar and paralaminar non-specific thalamic nuclei. The relationship between the non-specific thalamic nuclei and working memory is underscored by the limited behavioral effects of MDn lesions, as compared to either L-IML or PTD-induced lesions, and by anatomical analyses of PTD-related pathology, which seems to destroy the non-specific nuclei while sparing large portions of the MDn. Recent physiological studies of thalamocortical processes suggest that there are several possible mechanisms by which the non-specific nuclei might participate in memory and by which lesions in these pathways might interfere with the consolidation of memories within the cortex.
Classical and semiclassical theories of atom scattering from corrugated surfaces

A theory based in the semiclassical eikonal approximation is developed to describe energy transfer in the collision of an atomic projectile with a surface which is either ordered or disordered. This theory is extended from the quantum mechanical regime to the classical regime of complete quantum decoherence via the Bohr correspondence principle of large numbers of excited quanta. In the quantum mechanical regime, the theory reproduces the well-known eikonal approximation for elastic collisions, provides a simple and useful expression for single-phonon inelastic scattering, and leads to further expressions for multiple-phonon transfers. In the classical limit, the theory produces an expression that includes the effects of surface corrugation in addition to the excitations of large numbers of phonons. This theory shows that a simple measurement of the most probable intensity of energy-resolved scattering spectra taken as a function of surface temperature, with all other experimentally controllable parameters held fixed, can be used to extract the surface corrugation amplitude. Comparisons with data for Ar scattering from the molten metals Ga and In show good agreement with the measured energy-resolved spectra, the in-plane angular distributions, the out-of-plane angular distributions, and produces values for the corrugation amplitudes that range from 10% to 30% of the average interparticle spacing.
Design of an interrupted-plate heat exchanger used in a liquid-piston compression chamber for compressed air energy storage

In the Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) approach, air is compressed to high pressure, stored, and expanded to output work when needed. The temperature of air tends to rise during compression, and the rise in the air internal energy is wasted during the later storage period as the compressed air cools back to ambient temperature.The present study focuses on designing an interrupted-plate heat exchanger used in a liquid-piston compression chamber for CAES. The exchanger features layers of thin plates stacked in an interrupted pattern. Twenty-seven exchangers featuring different combinations of shape parameters are analyzed. The exchangers are modeled as porous media. As such, for each exchanger shape, a Representative Elementary Volume (REV), which represents a unit cell of the exchanger, is developed. The flow through the REV is simulated with periodic velocity and thermal boundary conditions, using the commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. Simulations of the REVs for the various exchangers characterize the various shape parameter effects on values of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient between solid surfaces and fluid. For an experimental validation of the numerical solution, two different exchanger models made by rapid prototyping, are tested for pressure drop and heat transfer. Good agreement is found between numerical and experimental results. Nusselt number vs. Reynolds number relations are developed on the basis of pore size and on hydraulic diameter.To analyze performance of exchangers with different shapes, a simplified zero-dimensional thermodynamic model for the compression chamber with the inserted heat exchange elements is developed. This model, valuable for system optimization and control simulations, is a set of ordinary differential equations. They are solved numerically for each exchanger insert shape to determine the geometries of best compression efficiency.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Surface Stress Tensor Mediation of the Ledge Nucleation/Growth Process with the Surface Reconstruction Process in GaAs

A new GaAs semiempirical potential energy function which utilizes both two-body and three-body contributions has been used to evaluate the surface energy and surface stress tensor for the (111) and (00 1 )(As-terminated) surfaces as well as for ledges on the (00 1 ) surface. Both surface and ledge reconstruction patterns appear to be driven by stress tensor considerations and a long range ledge-ledge interaction arises via the stress tensor. The impact of this finding on two dimensional cluster formation and nucleation at the growing surface is very substantial.
Raman Studies of Carrier Activation in Laser Annealed GaAs Capped with Silicon Nitride

Carrier concentrations exceeding 1019/cm3 in GaAs implanted with Si (2 × 1014/cm2 @ 140 keV) have been obtained by pulsed laser annealing with either a dye laser (λ = 728 nm) or a XeCl excimer laser (λ = 308 nm). Carrier concentrations were measured by plasmon Raman scattering over a wide range of anneal energy densities. Compared with capless laser annealing, much higher carrier activations were achieved when the annealing laser pulse was incident through a Si3N4 cap.
Water chemistry changes during artificial aeration of spruce Knob Lake, West Virginia

The water mass below 3.5 m in Spruce Knob Lake was artificially aerated with a modified full lift aerator during two consecutive summers (1974 and 1975) of an investigation that began in July of 1973 and ended in September, 1975. Artificial aeration increased water temperature below 3.5 m without causing destratification. Several chemical parameters were significantly affected by artificial aeration, especially from July to autumnal overturn in 1974 and 1975. Below 3.5 m, total inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrite, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus, were lower during aeration than in the summer of no aeration (1973). Although artificial aeration lowered soluble reactive and total phosphorus, there was no significant impact on the phosphorus budget of the impoundment. In 1975, continuous aeration from vernal overturn to autumnal overturn resulted in higher nitrate concentrations below 3.5 m than in the preceeding summers. Lower pH values encountered through the whole water column in 1975 followed a brief isothermal interruption of summer stratification in early June. There was no direct effect of artificial aeration on either temperature or water chemistry parameters in the epilimnion. Significantly lower chlorophyll concentrations observed in 1975 were related to destratification in June. Primary production was unaffected by aeration.
Behavioral Responses of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Larvae to Abiotic Environmental Factors

Gypsy moth instars four through six move down trees at dawn and climb back up at dusk. This daily migration appears to be influenced by environmental conditions, including abiotic factors. In this study, gypsy moth caterpillars were given choices of abiotic conditions to see what their preferences are. Different gypsy moth instars responded similarly in a temperature gradient, were indifferent to direct infrared radiation, and moved upward in a uniformly illuminated tube. All instars tended to accumulate at the lower of two relative humidities when given a choice. Small larvae, but not large ones, were strongly attracted to light. Under a laboratory photoperiod of 16 h light per day, fifth instars migrated away from a food source during the lighted period and toward the food when it was dark. I conclude that sunlight is probably responsible for stimulating large caterpillars to migrate up and down trees.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Tartrazine Adsorption onto Chitin and Chitosan

In this work the kinetics and mechanisms of tartrazine adsorption onto chitin and chitosan were studied at different pH values (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11). Five models were employed to elucidate the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanisms were verified by use of models based on mass transfer and elemental analysis. The adsorption capacity was increased with pH decrease, reaching maximum values at pH 3. The maximum values were 30 mg·g–1 and 350 mg·g–1 for chitin and chitosan, respectively. For both adsorbents a fast kinetic was observed, and the Avrami model was the more adequate to fitting the experimental data. Tartrazine adsorption onto chitin occurred only by film diffusion. In the chitosan case, adsorption occurred by film and intraparticle diffusion, however, intraparticle diffusion was the rate-limiting step. At pH 3, tartrazine adsorption onto chitin and chitosan occurred by chemical interactions.
A study of the gonococcus and gonococcal infections

The purpose of this work was : first, to devise improved methods of diagnosis of gonorrhea, and, second, to determine whether typing of strains of gonococci could be made. The need of improved methods of diagnosis of gonococcal infections is well known. The advantages to be derived from a typing o f the gonococcus, aside from a theoretical interest, lie in the possibilities thus offered of a better specific therapy. The methods of diagnosis which have been studied are both cultural and serologic. Attempts were made to develop a medium on which the gonococcus would grow even if present in small numbers and accompanied by contaminating organisms. This necessitated a study of the factors essential to growth, namely, nutrient substances, and certain conditions of the environment. Diagnosis by means of serologic procedures has included work on the alexin fixation reaction. The intra-
Analysis on effects of sediment retention and pollution control by slope water works in red soil area in north Jiangxi Province

The slope water works is an effective measure to control the soil and water loss and non-point source pollution in hilly and mountainous areas.On the basis of climate,topography,land use conditions,as well as the characteristics of soil and water loss in quaternary red soil area in north Jiangxi Province,with a typical slope equipped with slope water works,the data of runoff,sediment and nutrient under two different rainfall conditions are observed and sampled.So,the effects of sediment retention and pollution control are studied.The results show that the effect of water closure is obvious after the harnessing project of the slope,which can extend the flow confluence time,control sediment loss,and prevent non-point source pollution.
Tracking Data Flow at Gate-Level through Structural Checking

The rapid growth of Internet-of-things and other electronic devices make a huge impact on how and where data travel. The confidential data (e.g., personal data, financial information) that travel through unreliable channels can be exposed to attackers. In hardware, the confidential data such as secret cipher keys are facing the same issue. This problem is even more serious when the IP is from a 3rd party and contains scan-chains. Thus, data flow tracking is important to analyze possible leakage channels in fighting against such hardware security threats. This paper introduces a method for tracking data flow and detecting potential hardware Trojans in gate-level soft IPs using assets and Structural Checking tool.
Guided Waves for Composite Patch Repair of Aging Aircraft

Techniques that have been developed for adhesive bond inspection of metal structures are now being extended to composite doublers. The widespread use of these structures has necessitated strict requirements for bond quality; hence, many non-destructive testing methods have been developed[l]. Although point by point ultrasonic methods have been successfully developed, these methods tend to be tedious and are relatively insensitive to a weak interface or kissing bond. A global, guided wave inspection technique for bond inspection has been developed by the authors. This technique has proved to be successful for inspecting the integrity of structures with metal to metal adhesive bonds; such as tear straps and lap splice joints[2,3].
The Probability of Sediment Movement at the Threshold of Motion and Time Dependent Fluid Processes

The characterization and prediction of the motion of sediment near the threshold are long-standing problems in the study of sediment transport. In this paper a new criterion for the threshold condition, recently introduced by the authors, is reviewed and relevant physical mechanisms that may be necessary for the accurate prediction of sediment motion near the threshold are elaborated. The new criterion is based upon an operational definition of the probability of grain movement. The relevant physical mechanisms to be discussed relate to inherently time-dependent, transient flow effects-inertia forces and impulse (force/time history) effects.
Evaluation of the Quality of an Urban Square

As shown in the previous chapter, the evaluation of a building layout is difficult. The same applies to an urban layout. However, the basic evaluation of the quality of a plaza (P), that is the basic element of urban composition, is relatively straightforward. This chapter presents a method for an Automated Geometrical Evaluation (AGE) of a P. Firstly, nineteen plazas from various countries have been evaluated by twenty respondents in so called Human Subjective Evaluation (HSE). Secondly, a preliminary investigation of HSE including the identification of categories which are redundant is demonstrated. Thirdly, three normalized properties derived directly from a plan of P are introduced: smallness (S), enclosure (E), and regularity (R). Finally, the evaluation method of P based on these properties is discussed. AGE based on S, E, and R (\(NP_{SER}\)) shows good agreement with HSE. The quality rating based on \(NP_{SER}\) of P, namely: fair, good, and excellent is presented. Some outlying cases are shortly discussed.
Validation of a Water Vapor Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)

AbstractA water vapor micropulse differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument was developed collaboratively by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Montana State University (MSU). This innovative, eye-safe, low-power, diode-laser-based system has demonstrated the ability to obtain unattended continuous observations in both day and night. Data comparisons with well-established water vapor observing systems, including radiosondes, Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERIs), microwave radiometer profilers (MWRPs), and ground-based global positioning system (GPS) receivers, show excellent agreement. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the DIAL and radiosondes is consistently greater than 0.6 from 300 m up to 4.5 km AGL at night and up to 3.5 km AGL during the day. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the DIAL and AERI is greater than 0.6 from 300 m up to 2.25 km at night and from 300 m up to 2.0 km during the day. Further comparison with the continuously operating GP...