cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 103: Obesity Paradox in Heart failure- Are African Americans Affected?

Background - Obesity is a major risk factor for heart failure. However, many studies have shown that obesity is paradoxically associated with better outcomes in those with chronic heart failure (HF). Initially thought to occur only in those with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), recent studies such as CHARM and I-PRESERVE have described the same phenomenon in those with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is also known that minorities have the highest rates of obesity in the United States, yet no major studies have included a large enough sample (>10% minority representation) to study this relationship. Thus we propose to examine the relationship of different weight categories to HF outcomes in patients with LVSD (45%) utilizing a minority cohort. Methods - Outcomes (HF admissions & cardiac admissions, non-cardiac admissions, and emergency room visits) were assessed for162 HF patients with documentation of body mass index (BMI) and ejection fraction from the Meharry Heart Failure Registry (a registry composed of 80% African Americans and Hispanics). The cohort was evenly divided by EF into HFpEF versus LVSD. Utilizing the Center for Disease Control definitions, 5 categories for BMI were defined: 40.0. ANOVA was applied to test for possible differences among BMI groups and outcomes. Results - There was a trend towards a paradoxical relationship noted between BMI and outcome in males with HFpEF when looking at all-cause readmissions (p<0.0606). This same relationship was noted between BMI and outcome in women with HFpEF when looking at the all-cause emergency room visits (p<0.0677). However, we failed to find a significant difference across BMI categories and outcome for those with LVSD. Conclusion - Our study suggests that irrespective of race, there is a paradoxical relationship noted between BMI and outcome for both men and women with HFpEF. However, contrary to current literature, we failed to find the same relationship in minority patients with LVSD. This may be due to the small sample size hence a larger prospective study of this group is warranted.
PHOTOATLAS OF INCLUSIONS IN GEMSTONES: volume 2, by Eduard J. Gübelin and John I. Koivula. (2005) Opinio Verlag Publishers, Basel, Switzerland. 829 p., over 2200 color plates, $260.00. ISBN: 3-03999-029-2.

The Photoatlas is fundamentally a compendium of photomicrographs of inclusions in gemstones organized and described in a fashion to enhance the gemologist’s skills at identifying and interpreting such inclusions. It proceeds from an earlier volume published in 1986, and it is followed by volume 3 that is focused on the so-called precious stones: diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire. Eduard Gubelin, a dean of the gemological community (deceased in 2005), and John Koivula, a renowned gemologist and inclusion expert at the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), are indeed the experts in this field, so the book is a testament and proof of their experience and expertise with respect to inclusions in gemstones and gemology, more generally. Moreover, as the authors appreciate the beauty as much as the information revealed by inclusions, the Photoatlas can be viewed as a paean to gem inclusions as art. The images are superb and printed in high quality on heavy paper with attention to color correction (typically a problem for colored stones and inclusions). The authors also justifiably point out that inclusions and their identification can be critical, perhaps the only non-destructive and ready means to determine the origin (natural, natural-but-treated, or synthetic) and source of a …
Analysis on the Changes and Features of the Occupational Structure in China

According to the data of the population census in 1982, 19902000, the article analyzes the changes and features of the occupational structure in China. First, it is remarkable in the occupational structure of China. Second, although there are some improvements in the education level of the employment population, the level is low as a whole. Third, there is an affinity between the spatial distribution and economic development. At last, the author puts forward some suggestions to optimize the occupational structure.
Surgical treatment of the two types of tachycardia caused by Kent bundles with only retrograde function

Accessory pathways of atrioventricular (AV) conduction of the Kent type, with only retrograde conduction, have been implicated in from 25% to 40% of reentry supraventricular tachycardias. In the 22 patients with Kent bundles of this type, the subject of this report, two different kinds of reentry tachycardia were found. Sixteen patients had a narrow QRS reentry paroxysmal tachycardia similar to that found with the usual bidirectional pathway. Their Kent bundles were located in the following areas: posterior septum, two; anterior septum, two; right free wall, one; and left free wall, 11. The pathways had the electrophysiological characteristics of working myocardium. A second and unusual group of six patients had a tachycardia described by Coumel as permanent or incessant junctional reciprocating tachycardia. The pathways were all in the posterior septal area. The electrophysiological characteristics of the Kent bundles were slow conduction with decremental properties similar to the AV node. Operation was successful in correcting both types of tachycardias. His bundle interruption was used as an elective procedure in two and after failure to divide the Kent bundle in two others. Kent bundle interruption was successful in the remaining 18 patients. Some of the electrophysiological aspects of special surgical interest are discussed.
A critical review linking ejector flow phenomena with component- and system-level performance

Abstract This paper provides a critical review of ejector technology for chiller applications, combining an understanding of ejector fluid flow fundamentals with cycle applications. An ejector is a passive momentum-transfer device that requires no external mechanical input or moving parts. The progression of studies on ejectors from the early 1940s to the present from analytical and numerical modeling to visualization studies of the ejector itself is discussed. Included is an assessment of the most recent computational models. Suggestions for future research include improved computational modeling of shock phenomena and the effects of two-phase flow in ejectors. Application of ejectors in chillers is also reviewed, with an emphasis on the basic ejector-based chiller cycle and the development of passive systems that require zero mechanical input for operation. Important connections are made between ejector component- and system-level studies that would together lead to improved overall system performance.
Subunit structure of the erythropoietin receptor analyzed by 125I-Epo cross-linking in cells expressing wild-type or mutant receptors

To analyze the structure of the murine erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), wild-type or mutant EpoR cDNAs were expressed in cell lines, and the proteins that cross-linked with 125I-labeled erythropoietin (Epo) were analyzed by immunoprecipitation using an antibody against the intracellular region of the cloned EpoR. COS-7 cell transfectants expressing the wild-type EpoR showed two major cross-linked species of 145 and 110 Kd, both of which were recognized by the antibody against the cloned EpoR after denaturation under reducing conditions. Furthermore, a reduction in sizes of both cross-linked bands was observed in COS-7 transfectants expressing a mutant receptor with an internal deletion, thus indicating that both species contain the cloned EpoR. COS-7 cells expressing mutant receptors with carboxy-terminal deletions showed cross-linked bands corresponding to the smaller species of the two observed in cells expressing the wild-type receptor. In contrast to COS-7 cell transfectants, DA3 cells expressing wild-type or mutant EpoR cDNAs showed an additional cross-like species of 130 Kd. The size of this species was not altered by deletions in EpoR, showing that it did not contain EpoR. The 130-Kd cross-linked band, which would contain a 95-Kd protein, was also observed in a murine erythroleukemia cell line, D1B. These results suggest that Epo associates with a second component of 95 Kd, which is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells.
Tests for Suspected Inborn Errors of Metabolism

The initial laboratory assessment of infants and children with suspected inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is reviewed by the Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Utilization of surgical treatment for local and locoregional esophageal cancer: Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that esophagectomy is severely underused for patients with resectable esophageal cancer. The recent expansion of endoscopic local therapies, advances in surgical techniques, and improved postoperative outcomes have changed the therapeutic landscape. The impact of these developments and evolving treatment guidelines on national practice patterns is unknown. METHODS Patients diagnosed with clinical stage 0 to III esophageal cancer were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004-2013). The receipt of potentially curative surgical treatment over time was analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with surgical treatment. RESULTS The analysis included 52,122 patients. From 2004 to 2013, the overall rate of potentially curative surgical treatment increased from 36.4% to 47.4% (P < .001). For stage 0 disease, the receipt of esophagectomy decreased from 23.8% to 17.9% (P < .001), whereas the use of local therapies increased from 34.3% to 58.8% (P < .001). The use of surgical treatment increased from 43.4% to 61.8% (P < .001), from 36.1% to 45.0% (P < .001), and from 30.8% to 38.6% (P < .001) for patients with stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, divergent practice patterns and adherence to national guidelines were noted between academic and community facilities. CONCLUSIONS The use of potentially curative surgical treatment has increased for patients with stage 0 to III esophageal cancer. The expansion of local therapies has driven increased rates of surgical treatment for early-stage disease. Although the increased use of esophagectomy for more advanced disease is encouraging, significant variation persists at the patient and facility levels. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Effects of Sleep Loss on Subjective Complaints and Objective Neurocognitive Performance as Measured by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing

Objective This study examined the effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on subjective symptoms and objective neurocognitive performance, as measured by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) in a sample of healthy adults. Method One-hundred and two, right-handed, healthy participants (between ages 18 and 30 years old) completed three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory with concurrent continuous polysomnography monitoring. Night 1 served as a baseline night. Prior to Night 2, they were randomly assigned to one of three sleep conditions: undisrupted normal sleep (N = 34), sleep restriction (50% of habitual sleep, N = 37), or total sleep deprivation (N = 31). Participants slept undisturbed on Night 3. ImPACT was administered on three separate occasions. Results Sleep loss was associated with increased severity of subjectively reported affective, cognitive, physical, and sleep symptoms. Although objective neurocognitive task scores derived from the ImPACT battery did not corroborate subjective complaints, sleep loss was associated with significant differences on tasks of visual memory, reaction time, and visual motor speed over time. Conclusions While self-report measures suggested marked impairments following sleep loss, deficits in neurocognitive performance were observed only on three domains measured with ImPACT. ImPACT may capture subtle changes in neurocognitive performance following sleep loss; however, independent and larger validation studies are needed to determine its sensitivity to acute sleep loss and recovery sleep. Neurocognitive screening batteries may be useful for detecting the effects of more severe or chronic sleep loss under high-stress conditions that mimic high-risk occupations.
Federalism, E-Commerce and Public Finance in the USA

When delegates from the first states met in 1787, as required by the Articles of Confederation, many of the delegates believed that the current constitutional arrangement provided too few, if any, powers to a centralizing authority. The delegates began to redraft a second constitution of the USA that would clearly delineate those responsibilities of the central or general government as apart and distinct from the powers that resided with the sovereign states. Among the powers of the central government included the power “To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.” In other words, while the federal government was granted the authority to regulate interstate commerce, state governments were explicitly denied the power to interfere with interstate commerce. Any action taken by states to regulate interstate commerce, then, would violate the Commerce Clause of the US Constitution and, therefore, be null and void.
Jensen's inequality type integral for fuzzy-interval-valued functions

Abstract This study presents fuzzy versions of Jensen inequalities type integral for convex and concave fuzzy-interval-valued functions. To this end, the concepts of fuzzy inclusion order relation, convexity, and concavity for fuzzy-interval-valued functions are used. Some examples showing the applicability of the theory developed in this study are presented. Since the fuzzy results are obtained through level sets of fuzzy-interval elements, the versions of these results in the interval context are presented here for the first time.
Are the intrusive effects of SPAM probes present when operators differ by skill level and training

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) plans to implement a series of automated tools into the National Airspace System to aid air traffic controllers (ATCos) in managing a two to three times increase in air traffic density. However, introducing automated technologies into a system like air traffic management (ATM) changes the responsibilities of the ATCo from an active controller to a passive monitor, which can result in lower levels of situation awareness (SA). To measure SA objectively in such a dynamic task as ATM, the Situation Present Awareness Method (SPAM) is often used. SPAM provides the operator with SA probes while the operator is performing the task. Some studies have shown that the use of SPAM to measure SA is intrusive because it provides the operator with a secondary task. The present study examines whether these intrusive effects of SPAM are present when the operator has achieved a high skill level at the time of test, and whether training operators to rely more or less on NextGen automated tools influence their performance when SPAM queries are presented as a secondary task.
Lossless Three-Dimensional Parallelization in Digitally Scanned Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy.

We introduce a concept that enables parallelized three-dimensional imaging throughout large volumes with isotropic 300–350 nm resolution. By staggering high aspect ratio illumination beams laterally and axially within the depth of focus of a digitally scanned light-sheet fluorescence microscope (LSFM), multiple image planes can be simultaneously imaged with minimal cross-talk and light loss. We present a first demonstration of this concept for parallelized imaging by synthesizing two light-sheets with nonlinear Bessel beams and perform volumetric imaging of fluorescent beads and invasive breast cancer cells. This work demonstrates that in principle any digitally scanned LSFM can be parallelized in a lossless manner, enabling drastically faster volumetric image acquisition rates for a given sample brightness and detector technology.
Estimating index of refraction, surface temperature, and downwelling radiance using polarimetric-hyperspectral imagery (P-HSI)

A method for retrieving index of refraction from polarimetric hyperspectral imagery (P-HSI) has been developed using a model to describe the spectral variation of the index. Index of refraction is modeled in one of two ways to reduce the number of parameters in the problem. Additionally, MODTRAN is used to model the atmosphere, further reducing the number of variables and enabling an overdetermined solution to be found. Results from simulated data of a SiC target at 25°C, with realistic noise levels, show index is retrieved to within 0.0116 for the real component and 0.034 for the imaginary component. This also shows that the atmospheric downwelling can be accurately retrieved even without a priori knowledge.
Validation of a combined health literacy and numeracy instrument for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to validate a new consolidated measure of health literacy and numeracy (health literacy scale [HLS] plus the subjective numeracy scale [SNS]) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A convenience sample (N = 102) of patients with T2DM was recruited from an academic family medicine center in the southeastern US between September-December 2017. Participants completed a questionnaire that included the composite HLS/SNS (22 questions) and a commonly used objective measure of health literacy—S-TOFHLA (40 questions). Internal reliability of the HLS/SNS was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion and construct validity was assessed against the S-TOFHLA. Results The composite HLS/SNS had good internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83). A confirmatory factor analysis revealed there were four factors in the new instrument. Model fit indices showed good model-data fit (RMSEA = 0.08). The Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient between the HLS/SNS and the S-TOFHLA was 0.45 (p Conclusions Our study suggests that the composite HLS/SNS is a reliable, valid instrument.
Soziale Medien als Mittel der Produktgestaltung (Co-Creation)

Soziale Medien befahigen Konsumenten Inhalte im Internet interaktiv zu gestalten und ermoglichen einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Konsumenten- Produzenten-Beziehung. Der klassische Wertschopfungsprozess sieht eine klare Rollentrennung von Konsument und Produzent vor. Unternehmen ubernehmen Aufgaben wie Forschung, Entwicklung, Marketing und Vertrieb und treten erst beim Warenaustausch mit dem Kunden in Kontakt. Soziale Medien erlauben die Integration von Konsumenten in den Wertschopfungsprozess und fuhren zu einer Aufweichung der klassischen Rollenteilung. Eine Vielzahl von Konsumenten kann durch Online-Plattformen in unterschiedlichen Phasen der Wertschopfung eingebunden werden. Klassische hierarchische und marktbasierte Koordinationsmechanismen werden durch Prinzipien der Selbstmotivation und Selbstorganisation abgelost. Die weitgreifende Interaktion und Partizipation ermoglicht nicht nur Produktinnovationen, sondern kann auch die Kundenbindung steigern. Viele Unternehmen wie z.B. McDonald‘s, Dell und Nespresso setzen Soziale Medien zur interaktiven Produktgestaltung ein. Der erfolgreiche Einsatz von Sozialen Medien zur Produktgestaltung stellt jedoch eine grose Herausforderung dar. Zahlreiche Instrumente wie z.B. Ideenwettbewerbe oder Konfigurationstools konnen in unterschiedlichen Phasen der Wertschopfung unter verschiedenen Rahmenbedingungen verwendet werden. Das Resultat interaktiver Produktgestaltung ist schwer vorhersehbar. Die interagierende Masse an Konsumenten lasst sich kaum kontrollieren und ist unter Umstanden in der Lage, Image und Absatz zu gefahrden. Der Beitrag stellt Chancen und Risiken des Einsatzes sozialer Medien zur Produktgestaltung gegenuber und zeigt Erfolgsfaktoren bei der Ausgestaltung verschiedener Instrumente auf. Hierbei werden jeweils Erkenntnisse aus der Wissenschaft und Fallbeispiele aus der Unternehmenspraxis prasentiert.
The Design of Cancer Prevention Trials

The idea of using randomized clinical trials to study cancer prevention is relatively new. In fact, to my knowledge, only a few such trials have been completed and only a few dozen such trials are currently underway in the entire world. This situation contrasts sharply with that for cardiovascular disease, where large-scale randomized intervention trials have been used as a method of study for several decades. In this article I want to show how the design of cancer prevention trials depends on our general concept of carcinogenesis and then describe some real trials which are underway or in the planning stages in order to illustrate some special design considerations that arise in these trials. Finally, I will summarize what seem to me to be some of the major differences between treatment and prevention trials.
The dark side of the colon: current issues surrounding the significance, prevalence, detection, diagnosis and management of serrated polyps.

Purpose of reviewHyperplastic polyps, once considered to have no malignant potential, are now recognized to be part of a larger group of polyps known as serrated polyps. Serrated polyps can progress to CRC through an epigenetic pathway known as CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP), characterized b
An Examination of the Action of Whole Blood, Blood Cells or Serum on the Goat Scrapie Agent

No evidence was obtained from in vitro or in vivo experiments that blood obtained from clinically healthy or scrapie-affected goats had an inhibitory action on the goat scrapie agent. No neutralizing action of ‘immune’ sheep serum on the goat scrapie agent was detected. The disease was readily transmitted by the intravenous route. Attention is drawn to the fact that although almost every tissue from scrapie-affected animals that has been tested has been shown to be capable of reproducing the disease, it has not yet been transmitted by inoculation of blood.
Process Intensification of Multipressure Reactive Distillation Networks Using Infinite Dimensional State-Space (IDEAS)

The Infinite Dimensional State-Space (IDEAS) conceptual framework is put forward as an intensification tool for the synthesis of globally optimal, multipressure, reactive, azeotropic, distillation networks. To this end, a unit operation model is proposed for reactive vapor–liquid equilibrium flash separators employed as network building blocks, and the concepts of reactive holdup and capacity are introduced as network performance metrics. The method is demonstrated on a case study involving MTBE production using multipressure reactive distillation of methanol/isobutene/MTBE azeotropic mixtures. The globally optimal solutions for the minimum total reactive holdup, minimum total flow, and minimum capacity problems are obtained for a dual-pressure reactive distillation process operating simultaneously at 1.0 and 5.0 atm. For the problem of minimum capacity, the global optimum is found to have both reaction and pressure swing features, indicating those are complementary rather than competing technologies for ...
Convergence Rate of Distributed Consensus with Nonuniform Delays

Motivated by broad applications in various fields of engineering, we study distributed consensus problems over a network of nodes, where the goal is to seek a consensus on the local variables at the nodes. Our main contribution is to analyze the convergence rate of distributed consensus methods in the presence of inter-node communication delays, which is one of the most fundamental issues in distributed systems. In particular, we provide an explicit formula for the convergence rate of such methods, which depends on the network topology and the delay constants. Our main technique is to utilize the discrete-time delayed version of the Gronwall-Bellman inequality, which directly takes into account the impact of delays. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results.
Real-time imaging of senescence in tumors with DNA damage

Detection of cellular senescence is important not only in the study of senescence in various biological systems, but also in various practical applications such as image-guided surgical removal of senescent cells, as well as the monitoring of drug-responsiveness during cancer therapies. Due to the lack of suitable imaging probes for senescence detection, particularly in living subjects, we have developed an activatable near-infrared (NIR) molecular probe with far-red excitation, NIR emission, and high “turn-on” ratio upon senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SABG) activation. We present here the first successful demonstration of NIR imaging of DNA damage-induced senescence both in vitro and in human tumor xenograft models.
To FinTech and Beyond

FinTech is about the introduction of new technologies into the financial sector, and it is now revolutionizing the financial industry. In 2017, when the academic finance community was not actively researching FinTech, the editorial team of the Review of Financial Studies launched a competition to develop research proposals focused on this topic. This special issue is the result. In this introductory article, we describe the recent FinTech phenomenon and the novel editorial protocol employed for this special issue following the Registered Reports format. We discuss what we learned from the submitted proposals about the field of FinTech and which ones we selected to be completed and ultimately come out in this special issue. We also provide several observations to help guide future research in the emerging area of FinTech.
Architectures of Soft Pneumatic Actuators Inspired by Muscle Fiber Arrangements

Architectures or networks are prevalent in both engineered and nature's material systems, where a single unit cell is topologically combined in a repeatable fashion to attain extremal global properties. In this paper, we work towards understanding one such architecture inspired by pennation, which is commonly found in skeletal muscles to tailor its stroke and force properties. To mimic muscle fibers, we use soft compliant pneumatic actuators called Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Enclosures (FREEs) to generate force and stroke. The FREEs are combined in a dyadic configuration to create an engineered equivalent of pennate muscles called a pennate building block (PBB). The study of the PBB reveals critical pennate angles that produce high stroke and force values respectively. The PBB thus acts as an equivalent of a gear and other transmission elements in soft robotics. Lastly, two variant of the pennate architecture are analyzed for their force deformation capabilities and the results are used to design and experimentally validate two prototypes geared towards different applications thereby highlighting the benefits of leveraging architectures for tuning global properties.
Household Aluminum Products as Insoluble Precursorsfor Directed Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Converting unconventional precursors into advanced separation materials can reduce manufacturing complexity while affording economic and environmental benefits. Here we report the conversion of var...
Collective Nature of the Reentrant Integer Quantum Hall States in the Second Landau Level

We report an unexpected sharp peak in the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance of the reentrant integer quantum Hall states in the second Landau level. This peak defines the onset temperature of these states. We find that in different spin branches the onset temperatures of the reentrant states scale with the Coulomb energy. This scaling provides direct evidence that Coulomb interactions play an important role in the formation of these reentrant states evincing their collective nature.
A Compact, High-Power, 60 GHz SPDT Switch Using Shunt-Series SiGe PIN Diodes

This work describes the design of a compact, 60 GHz, SPDT switch implemented using PIN diodes in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The SPDT RF switch employs a novel shunt-series topology with a resistive biasing scheme to "self-reverse-bias" the off-state shunt diode, thereby improving power handling capability of the SPDT. A coupled inductor matching network is used to minimize the switch size. The proposed design achieves a minimum insertion loss of 2.0 dB, more than 26 dB of isolation, and input-referred P1dB (at 60 GHz) of 22 dBm, with a 0.20 × 0.33 mm2 footprint.
Exploiting In-Memory Data Patterns for Performance Improvement on Crossbar Resistive Memory

Resistive memory (ReRAM) has emerged as a promising nonvolatile memory technology that may replace a significant portion of DRAM in future computer systems. ReRAM has many advantages, such as high density, low standby power, and good scalability. When adopting crossbar architecture, ReRAM cell can achieve the smallest theoretical size in fabrication, which is ideal for constructing dense memory with large capacity. However, crossbar cell structure suffers from a variety of reliability issues, which come from large voltage drops on long wires. To ensure operation reliability, ReRAM writes conservatively use the worst-case access latency of all cells in ReRAM arrays, which leads to significant performance degradation and dynamic energy waste. In this article, we study the correlation between the ReRAM cell switching latency and the number of cells in low-resistance state (LRS) along bitlines, and propose to dynamically speed up write operations based on bitline data patterns, i.e., the number of LRS cells presented in bitlines. We leverage the intrinsic in-memory processing capability of ReRAM crossbar and propose a low-overhead runtime profiler that effectively tracks the data patterns in different bitlines. To achieve further write latency reduction, we employ data compression and row address dependent memory data layout to reduce the numbers of LRS cells on bitlines. Moreover, we further present two optimization techniques, i.e., selective profiling and fine-grained profiling, to mitigate energy overhead brought by bitline data patterns tracking. The experimental results show that, on average, our design improves system performance by 20.5% and 14.2%, and reduces memory dynamic energy by 20.3% and 12.6%, compared to the baseline and the state-of-the-art crossbar design, respectively.
An Analysis of Adherence to Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines for the Administration of Tranexamic Acid.

Abstract Background Hemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially survivable deaths in combat. Previous research demonstrated that tranexamic acid (TXA) administration decreased mortality among casualties. For casualties expected to receive a transfusion, the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) recommends TXA. Despite this, the use and adherence of TXA in the military prehospital combat setting, in accordance with TCCC guidelines, is low. Objectives We sought to analyze TXA administration and use among combat casualties reasonably expected to require blood transfusion, casualties with tourniquet placement, amputations, and gunshot wounds. Methods Based on TCCC guidelines, we measured proportions of patients receiving prehospital TXA: casualties undergoing tourniquet placement, casualties sustaining amputation proximal to the phalanges, patients sustaining gunshot wounds, and patients receiving ≥10 units of blood products within 24 h of injury. Univariable and multivariable analyses were also completed. Results Within our dataset, 255 subjects received TXA. Four thousand seventy-one subjects had a tourniquet placed, of whom 135 (3.3%) received prehospital TXA; 1899 subjects had an amputation proximal to the digit with 106 (5.6%) receiving prehospital TXA; and 6660 subjects had a gunshot wound with 88 (1.3%) receiving prehospital TXA. Of 4246 subjects who received ≥10 units of blood products within the first 24 h, 177 (4.2%) received prehospital TXA. Conclusions We identified low TXA administration despite TCCC recommendations. Future studies should seek to both identify reasons for limited TXA administration and methods to increase future utilization.
The New Puzzle of Moral Deference

Philosophers think that there is something fishy about moral deference. The most common explanation of this fishiness is that moral deference doesn’t yield the epistemic states necessary for certain moral achievements (e.g., acting with moral worth or being virtuous). First, I argue that this explanation overgeneralizes. It entails that using many intuitively kosher belief-formation methods (e.g., abduction, reductio ad absurdum, and intuition) should be off-putting. Second, I argue that moral deference is sometimes superior to these other methods because it puts one in a better position to gain the relevant moral achievements.
Mitochondria dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: recent advances.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by impaired cognitive function due to progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Under the microscope, neuronal accumulation of abnormal tau proteins and amyloid plaques are two pathological hallmarks in affected brain regions. Although the detailed mechanism of the pathogenesis of AD is still elusive, a large body of evidence suggests that damaged mitochondria likely play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of AD. It is believed that a healthy pool of mitochondria not only supports neuronal activity by providing enough energy supply and other related mitochondrial functions to neurons, but also guards neurons by minimizing mitochondrial related oxidative damage. In this regard, exploration of the multitude of mitochondrial mechanisms altered in the pathogenesis of AD constitutes novel promising therapeutic targets for the disease. In this review, we will summarize recent progress that underscores the essential role of mitochondria dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD and discuss mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction with a focus on the loss of mitochondrial structural and functional integrity in AD including mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, axonal transport, ER-mitochondria interaction, mitophagy and mitochondrial proteostasis.
Low sleep efficiency does not impact upper or lower limb vascular function in young adults

NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We sought to investigate whether young adults reporting low sleep quality possessed lower vascular function and altered autonomic nervous system modulation when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. What is the main finding and its importance? The study revealed that in young adults reporting low sleep quality, neither vascular nor autonomic function was significantly different when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. These findings suggest that young adults are either not substantially impacted by or can adequately adapt to the negative consequences commonly associated with poor sleep. ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate whether young adults reporting low sleep quality also possessed lower vascular function, potentially stemming from altered autonomic nervous system modulation, when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. Thirty-one healthy young adults (age 24 ± 4 years) underwent a 7 night sleep assessment (Actigraph GT3X accelerometer). After the sleep assessment, subjects meeting specific criteria were separated into high (HSE; ≥85%; n = 11; eight men and three women) and low (LSE; <80%; n = 11; nine men and two women) sleep efficiency groups. Peripheral vascular function was assessed in the upper and lower limb, using the flow-mediated dilatation technique in the arm (brachial artery) and leg (superficial femoral artery). Heart rate variability was evaluated during 5 min of rest and used frequency parameters reflective of parasympathetic and/or sympathetic nervous system modulation (high- and low-frequency parameters). By experimental design, significant differences in sleep quality between groups were reported, with the LSE group exhibiting a longer time awake after sleep onset, higher number of awakenings and longer average time per awakening when compared with the HSE group. Despite these differences in sleep quality, no significant differences in upper and lower limb vascular function and heart rate variability measures were revealed when comparing the LSE and HSE groups. Additionally, in all subjects (n = 31), no correlations between sleep efficiency and vascular function/autonomic modulation were revealed. This study revealed that low sleep quality does not impact upper or lower limb vascular function or autonomic nervous system modulation in young adults.
Revendiquer le droit à la ville à travers la création artistique

Les jeunes et la ville – Une rencontre est un projet de collaboration artistique entre de jeunes adultes, issus de l’organisme Innovation Jeunes, et une artiste-pedagogue ayant eu lieu dans le district de Peter-McGill a Montreal et qui investigue les questions reliees au droit a la ville (Lefebvre, 1967). En presentant ce projet, porteur d’un lien entre art et justice sociale, l’article explique comment l’assemblage entre recherche-creation, collaboration artistique et analyse critique de l’espace urbain a permis la mise en place d’un dispositif de creation aupres des jeunes pour soulever des questions sur les enjeux politiques, economiques et sociaux qui influencent leur vie et leurs aspirations.
International handbook of holistic education: by John P.Miller, Kelli Nigh, Marni J. Binder, Bruce Novak and Sam Crowell, London, Routledge, 2019, 352 pp., approx. £74:00 (pbk), ISBN: 978-1-138-08265

Given the hiatus in education policy, triggered by the arresting impact of Covid-19, there’s an opportunity to take a moment and consider how we want to envisage education in the coming years. If w...
Documentary games for social change: Recasting violence in the latest generation of i-docs

The evolutionary trajectory of digital journalism has been fuelled by the convergence of visual storytelling unique to documentary filmmaking with the graphics and procedural rhetoric of digital games. The reciprocal influences between gaming and documentary forms coalesce in this new highly engaging interactive journalism. This research demonstrates how game mechanics, design and logics combine with cinematic storytelling conventions in documentary games published since 2014. As forms of civic engagement more intimate and immersive than traditional print and broadcast journalism, documentary games leverage alternative depictions of violence for social critique. Case studies examine products of independent developers including the documentary games We Are Chicago by Culture Shock Games and iNK Stories’ 1979 Revolution: Black Friday along with its related verite virtual reality experience, Blindfold. These cases represent major advances in the activist depiction of oppressed populations in narrative documentary journalism. All these projects feature atypical video game protagonists anathema to those of mainstream games.
An Ethical Risk Management Approach for Medical Devices.

Introduction The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) audits and validates devices before mass production to ensure high standards, safety, and quality of medical devices being marketed. Despite those measures in place, consumers' trusts in medical devices are still dwindling based on safety and privacy risks that eventually influence the health of patients. Methods The method employed in this study is conceptual and includes a selection of a company that develops medical devices to use as an example organization to apply the hybrid risk management framework, defined herein in the results and discussion section. Results The results include a hybrid risk management approach including activities and tools and techniques by risk management phases. Discussion The discussion includes how to apply the hybrid risk management framework using Abbott Laboratories as an example. Conclusion To mitigate the chances that risks (adverse events) occur during the manufacturing and use of medical devices, this study has focused on providing a hybrid risk management approach for organizations noting the use of ISO 14971 activities as well as the PMBOK activities.
The calculation method of critical permeability of new energy constrained by static voltage stability

With large-scale wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy connected to the power grid, the new energy generating unit has begun to affect the stability of the power system. At the same time, constrained by the grid characteristics of new energy connected to the power grid and the safety limitations of new energy equipment, the voltage problem of new energy connected to the grid becomes more prominent. At present, the research on the permeability of the high proportion of new energy connected to the power grid is still in its early stage. This paper mainly studies the critical permeability of new energy constrained by static voltage stability. Firstly, the mathematical model of new energy generating units connected to the power grid is analyzed, and the practical engineering calculation method of critical permeability of new energy based on static voltage stability of 8% constraint is proposed. Then taking the actual power grid as an example, the critical permeability of new energy in the study zone is calculated according to the method proposed in this paper. Finally, several factors affecting the new energy permeability are analyzed through calculation. This study can provide an important basis for the maximum consumption of new energy power generation and regional new energy planning.
Story elements, narrative transportation, and schema incongruity: a framework for enhancing brand storytelling effectiveness

Storytelling is a powerful tool used by brand marketers. However, most brand stories are neither memorable nor effective. This research proposes a model for increasing the effectiveness of brand st...
Active Choice Framing and Intergenerational Education Benefits: Evidence from the Field

The Post-9/11 GI Bill allows service members to transfer generous education benefits to a dependent. We run a large-scale experiment to test whether active choice framing impacts US Army service members' decision to transfer benefits. Individuals who received email messages framing GI Bill use as an active choice between own use and transfer to a family member are more likely to pursue information about the benefit than individuals receiving outreach that does not frame the decision as an active choice. While we find no overall effect of framing on transfer, active choice increases transfer among service members with graduate degrees.
Multitask neural networks for predicting bladder pressure with time series data

Abstract Multitask learning (MTL) can improve accuracy over vanilla neural networks in modeling population level time series data. This can be accomplished by assigning the prediction for each individual in the population as a separate task, thereby leveraging the heterogeneity of population level data. Here, we investigate a novel approach by training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in a multitask setting. We apply this new methodology to experimental data for predicting bladder pressure, and then bladder contractions, from an external urethral sphincter electromyograph (EUS EMG) signal. We found that the multitask models make more accurate individual level predictions than their single tasking counterparts. We observed that, for bladder pressure prediction, either incorporating multitask learning or RNN structure generalized best to out of sample test data and multitasking RNNs had high out of sample correlation coefficients. These results suggest that MTL models could be used to leverage heterogeneous population time series data for making individualized predictions. From these bladder pressure predictions, we predicted the onset of bladder contractions. Our results indicate that the MTL RNN model was superior in both intra- and inter-individual bladder contraction predictions as measured by sensitivity (85.7%), specificity (98.7%) and precision (73.5%).
Understanding and shifting drug-related decisions: Contributions of automatic decision-making processes

While substance use is common, only a minority of individuals who use drugs or alcohol develop problematic use. An understanding of the factors underlying the transition from substance use to misuse may improve prevention and intervention efforts. A key feature of substance misuse is ongoing decisions to use drugs or alcohol despite escalating negative consequences. Research findings highlight the importance of both relatively automatic, associative cognitive processes and relatively controlled, deliberative, and rational-analytic cognitive processes, for understanding situational decisions to use drugs. In this review, we discuss several cognitive component processes that may contribute to decision-making that promotes substance use and misuse, with a focus on more automatic processes. A growing body of evidence indicates that relative differences in the strength of these component processes can account for individual differences in the transition from substance use to misuse and may offer important avenues for developing novel intervention strategies.
Identification of partially occluded firearms through partonomy

In the present paper we study the problem of weapon identification and threat assessment from a single image with a partially occluded weapon. This problem poses very severe restrictions. To successfully identify a weapon from its parts we extend the first firearm ontology with the meronymic (partonomic) principle which lets us distinguish parts of a gun (e.g., lock, barrel, stock, scope). Adding classes of meronymic information provides meta-data (necessary for threat assessment) and allows for fast and accurate search. Searching for a weapon is treated conceptually as searching for the sum of its parts. An expanding active contour and morphological techniques are applied to partition weapons and extract boundaries, and a minimal inscribed complex polygon. Finite numerical sequences are generated, from the extracted geometric features, and are used to label partonomic nodes and perform quick and accurate search. The paper reports experimental results on weapons partitioning and search.
Fear-Based Standing: Cognizing an Injury-in-Fact

Table of ContentsI. Introduction 1446A. The Argument 14461. The Question 14462. What is Fear-Based Standing? 14473. Why Fear-Based Standing? 1448B. The Structure of the Note 1451C. The Doctrine of Constitutional Standing 1452D. Definitions of Frequently Used Terms 1453II. The Development of the Doctrine of Fear-Based Standing ....... 1455A. Introduction 1455B. Chilling Effect 1456C. Pre-Enforcement Fear 1460D. Anticipatory Harm 1464E. Conclusion 1472III. Recent Developments in the Doctrine of Fear-BasedStanding 1473A. Introduction 1473B. ACLU v. NSA: Three Potential Approaches 14731. Introduction 1473a. Argument 1473b. Factual Background 14742. Lead Opinion: The Traditionalist-Compartmentalized Approach 14753. Concurring Opinion: Unified Approach I - "Laidlaw Lite" 14764. Dissenting Opinion: Unified Approach II - Fear Itself 14775. Conclusion 1478D. White v. United States: Saying "No" to Fear-Based Standing 14791. Introduction 14792. Factual and Procedural Background 14803. White' s Analysis: Rewriting the Doctrine 14824. Conclusion 1487E. Conclusion 1489IV. A New Analytical Framework 1490A. Introduction 1490B. Existing Analytical Approaches: Weaknesses and Directions 1490C. The Proposed Framework 1493D. Explication of and Argument for the Proposed Framework 14941. Explication of the Framework 14942. Argument for the Framework 1498a. Introduction 1498b. A Unified Approach 1499c. What Unified Approach? .. …