cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pocho en español: The anti-pocho pocho

Roberto Cantu's Pocho en espanol (1994), a translation of Jose Antonio Villarreal's Pocho (1959/1989), offers an example of intra-national translation: a dominant national language (English) is transferred to a major-minor language (Spanish), commissioned and published by a national publisher in the same nation-state. As such, it stands in contrast to international translation: a transference of different official national languages that stresses a belonging to different nation-states and involves, usually, a publisher outside the nation-state of the source text. The hallmark feature of Villarreal's writing is literal translation of Spanish buried in English that conveys to anglophone readers his characters’ bilingual experience. Cantu translates into standard Spanish and misses the opportunity to retranslate (translate what is already translation) for readers of Spanish. In the following, I explore the intriguing paradox of the anti-pocho pocho posed by Cantu's translation at the levels of both language ...
Choice Of Model And Topology For External Equivalent Systems

Two sensitivity methods are suggested in this paper for better utilization of the identification approach of dynamic equivalents. Before the identification process starts, these methods can be used to choose the most suitable model for the equivalent external system among several hypotheses. The parameters of the chosen model by these methods are identifiable, and the dynamic equivalent is valid.
Behavioral effects in monkeys exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD transmitted maternally during gestation and for four months of nursing

Abstract Behavioral effects that were detected in TCDD-exposed monkey offspring included alterations in the social behavior of the mother-infant dyad and of peer groups of the offspring after weaning. Performance on learning tasks was correlated with TCDD concentration in body fat.
Littoral environmental reconnaissance using tactical imagery from unmanned aircraft systems

ABSTRACT The dynamic nature of littoral regions requires a reconnaissance approach that can rapidly quantify environmental conditions. Inadequate estimation of these conditions can have substantial impacts on the performance of Naval systems. Given that expeditionary warfare operations can occur over timescales on the order of hours, exploitation of video imagery from tactical vehicles such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has proved to be a reliable and adaptive solution. Tactical littoral products that can be created by exploiting UAS imager y include estimates of surf conditions, dominant wave period, wave direction, nearshore currents, and bathymetry. These vehicles can fly for durations of 1-2 hours at altitudes of less than 1000 m (beneath typical cloud cover) to obtain imagery at pixel resolutions better than 1 m. The main advantage of using imaging sensors carried by thes e vehicles is that the data is available in the region of operational interest where other data collection approaches would be difficult or impossible to employ. The through-the-sensor exploitation technique we have developed operates in two phases. The first step is to align individual image frames to a common reference and then georegister the alignment into a mapped image sequence. The second phase involves signal processing of pixel intensity time series (virtual sensors) to determine spatial relationships over time. Geophysical relationships, such as linear wave dispersion, can then be applied to these processed data to invert for environmental parameters such as bathymetry. Keywords: littoral, remote sensing, bathymetry, unmanned vehicles
Thermalization of hot electrons in quantum wells

Abstract We present a new photoluminescence technique for studying hot electron relaxation in quantum wells. Two lasers are used to measure the density of photoexcited electrons at energies well above the thermalized distribution. The method has been used to determine the relaxation rate for hot electrons in a GaAs/Al1−xGaxAs multi-quantum well structure with an electron density of 2.5×1011/cm2. Electrons appear to “bottleneck” in a subband, thermalizing about 10 times more slowly (0.03 eV/ps) at the bottom of the subband than higher up.
Gas-phase detonation propagation in mixture composition gradients.

The propagation of detonations through several fuelair mixtures with spatially varying fuel concentrations is examined numerically. The detonations propagate through two-dimensional channels, insid...
FlowMate: scalable on-line flow clustering

We design and implement an efficient on-line approach, FlowMate, for clustering flows (connections) emanating from a busy server, according to shared bottlenecks. Clusters can be periodically input to load balancing, congestion coordination, aggregation, admission control, or pricing modules. FlowMate uses in-band (passive) end-to-end delay measurements to infer shared bottlenecks. Delay information is piggybacked on feedback from the receivers, or, if impossible, TCP or application round-trip time estimates are used. We simulate FlowMate and examine the effects of network load, traffic burstiness, network buffer sizes, and packet drop policies on clustering correctness, evaluated via a novel accuracy metric. We find that coordinated congestion management techniques are more fair when integrated with Flow-Mate. We also implement FlowMate in the Linux kernel v2.4.17 and evaluate its performance on the Emulab testbed, using both synthetic and tcplib-generated traffic. Our results demonstrate that clustering of medium to long-lived flows is accurate, even with bursty background traffic. Finally, we validate our results on the Internet Planetlab testbed.
Investigation of human body skin temperatures as a bio-signal to indicate overall thermal sensations

Abstract This study investigates the possibility of the use of human body skin temperature to assess thermal sensation, by studying skin temperatures from ten body segments and analyzing the correlation between the physiological data: skin temperature and overall thermal sensation. Since the human body regulates skin temperature to balance the heat gain and heat loss, the use of skin temperature has significant potential as an index to the thermal sensation. Therefore, this research has relied on experiments using human subjects in an environmental chamber to investigate and determine how skin temperatures change, depending on the ambient thermal conditions, and to identify which data type and body segment generate the most significant physiological information that will represent the overall thermal sensation. For this study, the experiments were conducted with 26 volunteers in an experimental chamber for about 2 h each, while the indoor temperature was changed from 20 °C to 30 °C. Results of this study revealed that skin temperature change rates (gradients) were more consistent with the thermal comfort condition than with the actual levels of skin temperatures of participants, and that the measured skin temperatures at their wrists provided more interpretable data than that of any other body segments. Therefore, the research findings have shown the potential of skin temperature as a thermal sensation index to reliably represent an individual’s thermal sensation in a thermally uniformed environment.
Mobile phone use among Alcoholics Anonymous members: new sites for recovery

This article reports on a line of research exploring mobile phone use in the recovery efforts of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members. A preliminary investigation indicated that many individuals in AA have come to rely on the mobile phone for both instrumental and expressive recovery-related interactions. This article reports on follow-up initiatives to assess whether and how these forms of use are linked to its perceived value and explores more deeply how the technology is used in these ways. Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, the study found that expressive use of the mobile phone made a particularly meaningful contribution to the perceived value of the technology as a tool for recovery. In addition, it uncovered ways that AA members are using mobile communication for social support and to stay connected with others in the program. The discussion offers implications of the findings and directions for future research.
Location and Timing of Initial Osteoid Deposition in Postmeningitic Labyrinthitis Ossificans Determined by Multiple Fluorescent Labels

Objectives/Hypothesis: Variable amounts of fibrosis and neo-ossification fill the cochlea following bacterial meningitis. The purpose of the study was to delineate the timing and location of initial ossification following pneumococcal meningitis, as well as subsequent remodeling and resorption, over the 3-month period after infection. Study Design: Randomized, double-blind study. Methods: Fluorochromes are compounds that specifically incorporate into ossifying bone. Sequential addition of different colored fluorochromes during osteoneogenesis define the timing and location of osteoid deposition and mineralization. Mongolian gerbils were infected by intrathecal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, and control gerbils received saline. Both groups were injected with calcein on postoperative day 3, followed by xylenol orange, oxytetracycline, and alizarin red on days 7, 14, and 28 respectively. Ten experimental gerbils were killed 24 hours after each label, and an additional group at 84 days after infection. Two groups of 10 control gerbils were killed at 29 and 84 days after treatment. The temporal bones and tibias were harvested, embedded in plastic, and sliced with a diamond saw. Wafers at a thickness of 200 pm were mounted in sequence and examined. Results: Sixteen of 49 experimental animals (33%) were positive for at least one of the fluorescent labels. Fluorescent labeled osteoid was present at all sampling times. Label extended from the endosteal wall into the lumen of the scala tympani between the vestibule and the round window membrane. Discrete sites of fluorescence varied among specimens and were associated with the opening of the cochlear aqueduct, the scala tympani, organ of Corti, and the stria vascularis and spiral ligament in all turns from base to apex. Conclusion: The results indicate that osteoid is deposited and begins mineralization by day 3 after infection, at least, and continues, at least, through the first 28 days after infection. There was no apparent resorption of new bone and remodeling by 84 days after infection.
The Role of Public Health Institutions in Global Health System Strengthening Efforts: The US CDC's Perspective

Peter Bloland and colleagues from the US CDC lay out the agency's priorities for health systems strengthening efforts.
A Low-Cost, Data-Logging Salinity Sensor

In this paper, we present the design, development and testing of a novel low-cost, data-logging salinity sensor. The sensor was designed keeping size, cost and functionality in mind. The sensor can be submersed in water for up to two weeks (all electronics are completely sealed) while salinity is recorded onboard at user-defined intervals. The data is then downloaded to a computer in the laboratory, after which the sensor is recharged, cleaned for biofouling and ready to be used again. Our initial laboratory testing shows the sensor prototype is functional and can be calibrated to compute conductivity, hence salinity, of ocean water.
Does the size of the ventilator tidal volume affect the incidence of post operative pneumonia

After major abdominal or thoracic surgery, the patient may develop rapid shallow ventilation because of splinting, pain or heavy sedation. This may lead to the development of post operative atelectasis and pneumonia. Hence, it seems reasonable to expect that the administration of large tidal volumes (VT) during post operative mechanical ventilation will prevent or decrease the incidence of post operative pulmonary complications including that of pneumonia. Whether or not this is true is yet to be determined. Therefore, we performed the following prospective study. We hypothesized that large VT mechanical ventilation after major operations resulted in a lower incidence of post operative pneumonia. Adults admitted to the surgical intensive care unit for post operative mechanical ventilation after major abdominal or thoracic surgery were placed on one of two VT regimens: 9 ml/kg (group 1) or 14 ml/kg up to a maximum of 1000 ml (group 2). Patients who were not placed on the correct VT regimen and those whose tidal volumes were changed during the study were excluded. Standard ICU monitoring was instituted. In addition, ventilator performance, peak inspiratory pressures, blood gases and daily chest X-rays were monitored. The incidence of post operative pneumonia was recorded. Results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: Forty-nine patients completed the study, 29 in group 1 and 20 in group 2. Their mean age was 52.7 years. There were 28 males and 21 females. Thirteen of 49 patients (26.5%) developed post operative pneumonia. A comparison of the two groups is shown below:
The Role of JNK Proteins in Metabolism

The stress-activated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a pivotal role in metabolic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Intricate tissue-specific tweaking of JNK activity in preclinical models of metabolic diseases reveals a complex interplay among local and systemic effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Synthesis of these entangled effects illustrates that for JNK inhibitors to have therapeutic impact, they must function in multiple cell types to modulate JNK activity.
HubAlign: an accurate and efficient method for global alignment of protein–protein interaction networks

Motivation: High-throughput experimental techniques have produced a large amount of protein–protein interaction (PPI) data. The study of PPI networks, such as comparative analysis, shall benefit the understanding of life process and diseases at the molecular level. One way of comparative analysis is to align PPI networks to identify conserved or species-specific subnetwork motifs. A few methods have been developed for global PPI network alignment, but it still remains challenging in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. Results: This paper presents a novel global network alignment algorithm, denoted as HubAlign, that makes use of both network topology and sequence homology information, based upon the observation that topologically important proteins in a PPI network usually are much more conserved and thus, more likely to be aligned. HubAlign uses a minimum-degree heuristic algorithm to estimate the topological and functional importance of a protein from the global network topology information. Then HubAlign aligns topologically important proteins first and gradually extends the alignment to the whole network. Extensive tests indicate that HubAlign greatly outperforms several popular methods in terms of both accuracy and efficiency, especially in detecting functionally similar proteins. Availability: HubAlign is available freely for non-commercial purposes at http://ttic.uchicago.edu/~hashemifar/software/HubAlign.zip Contact: moc.liamg@uxobnij Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
What to say on what is said

Discussions in philosophy of language, semantics, and pragmatics, often make crucial use of the notion of what is said. It is held that in order to account for our intuitions on what is said, we need a distinguished semantic level. A tripartite distinction is made among what the sentence means independently from the context of utterance, what it means (or "says") within the context, and what the speaker means (or "conveys"). I will challenge the need for that intermediate level of meaning, and argue that the enterprise of drawing a neat distinction between meaning and what is said is pretty hopeless. My main point is that our intuitions on what is said cannot be detached from the ways in which we talk about it, and from the semantics of speech-reports and attitude-reports in general.
The Law and Economics of Best Execution

Abstract This paper reviews and analyzes the legal and economic aspects of the duty of best execution. Although a well-established principle of securities trading, we show that the dual problems of definition and enforcement make best execution both unwieldy and unworkable as a mandated legal duty. We examine the impact of several market practices on best execution, in particular payment for order flow, preferencing and internalization practices, and price improvement and order execution protocols. We suggest three possible directions for the future rule and interpretation of the duty of best execution.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: G10, G18, K22, K23.
From symphony to cacophony: Pathophysiology of the human basal ganglia in Parkinson disease

Despite remarkable advances, the relationship between abnormal neuronal activity and the clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD) remains unclear. Numerous hypotheses have emerged to explain the relationship between neuronal activity and symptoms such as tremor, rigidity and akinesia. Among these are the antagonist balance hypothesis wherein increased firing rates in the indirect pathway inhibits movement; the selectivity hypothesis wherein loss of neuronal selectivity leads to an inability to select or initiate movements; the firing pattern hypothesis wherein increased oscillation and synchronization contribute to tremor and disrupt information flow; and the learning hypothesis, wherein the basal ganglia are conceived as playing an important role in learning sensory-motor associations which is disrupted by the loss of dopamine. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery provides a unique opportunity to assess these different ideas since neuronal activity can be directly recorded from PD patients. The emerging data suggest that the pathophysiologic changes include derangements in the overall firing rates, decreased neuronal selectivity, and increased neuronal oscillation and synchronization. Thus, elements of all hypotheses are present, emphasizing that the loss of dopamine results in a profound and multifaceted disruption of normal information flow through the basal ganglia that ultimately leads to the signs and symptoms of PD.
A three-field formulation for incompressible viscoelastic fluids

This paper presents a new stabilized finite element method for incompressible viscoelastic fluids. A three-field formulation is developed wherein Oldroyd-B model is coupled with the mass and momentum conservation equations for an incompressible viscous fluid. The variational multiscale (VMS) framework is employed to develop a stabilized formulation for the coupled momentum, continuity and stress equations. Based on the new stabilized method a family of linear and higher-order triangle and quadrilateral elements with equal-order velocity–pressure–stress fields is developed. Stability and convergence property of the various elements is studied and optimal rates are attained in the norms considered. The method is applied to some benchmark problems and accuracy and computational economy of the formulation is investigated for various flow conditions.
Preference Based Service Adaptation Using Service Substitution

In many applications such as service-oriented computing, users often prefer some compositions over the others based on their preferences over non-functional attributes such as security and cost. After a composition is deployed, apart from changes in the functional requirements, service-oriented architectures often have to deal with changes in the user preferences over the non-functional attributes and/or repository of available components. We formulate the problem of adaptation as iterative substitution of appropriate components in a composition, and provide two algorithms that produce a sequence of increasingly preferred adaptations with time: a fast algorithm that searches for preferred adaptations by improving the valuation of the relatively more important attributes, and another that is computationally more intensive but guaranteed to produce at least one preferred adaptation, if one exists.
k -anonymity: a model for protecting privacy

Consider a data holder, such as a hospital or a bank, that has a privately held collection of person-specific, field structured data. Suppose the data holder wants to share a version of the data with researchers. How can a data holder release a version of its private data with scientific guarantees that the individuals who are the subjects of the data cannot be re-identified while the data remain practically useful? The solution provided in this paper includes a formal protection model named k-anonymity and a set of accompanying policies for deployment. A release provides k-anonymity protection if the information for each person contained in the release cannot be distinguished from at least k-1 individuals whose information also appears in the release. This paper also examines re-identification attacks that can be realized on releases that adhere to k- anonymity unless accompanying policies are respected. The k-anonymity protection model is important because it forms the basis on which the real-world systems known as Datafly, µ-Argus and k-Similar provide guarantees of privacy protection.
The charge structure of helix 1 in the prion protein regulates conversion to pathogenic PrPSc.

The prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders linked to a pathogenic conformer (PrPSc) of the normal prion protein (PrPC). Accumulation of PrPSc occurs via a poorly defined process in which PrPSc complexes with and converts endogenous PrPC to nascent PrPSc. Recent experiments have focused on the highly charged first alpha helix (H1) of PrP. It has been proposed that two putative asparagine-to-arginine intrahelical salt bridges stabilize H1 in PrPC yet form intermolecular ionic bonds with adjacent PrP molecules during conversion of PrPC to PrPSc (M. P. Morrissey and E. I. Shakhnovich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11293-11298, 1999). Subsequent work (J. O. Speare et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278:12522-12529, 2003 using a cell-free assay of PrPSc conversion suggested that rather than promoting conversion, the salt bridges stabilize PrPC against it. However, the role of individual H1 charges in PrPSc generation has not yet been investigated. To approach this question, we systematically reversed or neutralized each charged residue in H1 and tested the effect on conversion to PrPSc in scrapie-infected murine neuroblastoma (ScN2a) cells. We find that replacements of charged H1 residues with like charges permit conversion, while charge reversals hinder it. Neutralization of charges in the N-terminal (amino acids 143 to 146) but not the C-terminal (amino acids 147 to 151) half of H1 permits conversion, while complete reversal of charge orientation of the putative salt bridges produces a nonconvertible PrP. Circular dichroism spectroscopy studies and confocal microscopy immunofluorescence localization studies indicated that charge substitutions did not alter the secondary structure or cell surface expression of PrPC. These data support the necessity of specific charge orientations in H1 for a productive PrPSc-PrPC complex.
Orientation in Immigrant Narratives: The Role of Ethnicity in the Identification of Characters:

Every year, thousands of undocumented Mexican workers enter the United States. Their presence, together with the settlement of undocumented and legal immigrants from many other countries, constitut...
Influence of dose and route of antigen injection on the immunological induction of T cells.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) develops in the absence of an adjuvant when mice are injected intravenously or subcutaneously with an appropriate dose of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The optimal intravenous dose of 105 SRBC (in CD-1 mice) produces maximum DTH which decays exponentially from its peak on day 4. Increasing the dose of SRBC reduces and eventually abolishes all evidence of DTH. DTH fails to reappear in respose to secondary stimulation except in splenectomized mice in whom the development of DTH is not suppressed, even by massive doses of SRBC. Hence the suppression cannot be due to antigen as such. The optimal dose of SRBC for sensitization by footpad inoculation is 100-fold higher (107 SRBC in CD-1 mice), but even 109 SRBC do not block the induction of DTH by this route of immunization. A blocking dose of SRBC, given intravenously 1 day before footpad inoculation, completely suppresses cell proliferation in the draining lymph node, prevents PFC production there, and blocks the induction of DTH by a sensitizing dose of SRBC. If given 1 day after footpad sensitization, intravenous antigen has little effect on the cellular response in the regional node but DTH is still completely suppressed. Blocking of induction and expression may depend, therefore, on different mechanisms.
On exhibiting reptiles

Herpetology may not be the biological discipline of highest esteem in the public view but, among zoo animals, reptiles clearly rank near the top in their attractiveness. The snake that lost its limbs after misleading Eve, the asp that permitted Cleopatra to terminate her spectacular career, the house snake of Greek mythology, and Sherlock Holmes’ speckled band all manifest the intrinsic fascination and aura of danger accompanying modern snakes. The fascination of other reptiles is Werent but as profound as that of snakes. The iguana, slunk and crocodile share affinities with the dragon, and the shell of the tortoise reminds students of Hindu and other eastern mythology that a large turtle supports the foundations of the earth. Perhaps the scaly skin and ‘cold blood‘ induce curiosity, whereas the fear of venom, the odd shape and the curious behaviour increase the interest. The intrinsic attractiveness of reptiles as exhibit animals is clear. Most zoos capitdise upon this, and the present volume contains a collection of reports deahg with some by-products of such exhibit programmes. It seems useful, as part of its introduction, to consider some, more general aspects regardmg the philosophy and requirements of reptilian ehbition, about the place of zoos in the conservation scheme, about reptilian adaptations, and about the place of research or organised discovery in an exhibit park. Although opposing views are alluded to, what follows is primarily a personal statement, based upon some decades of interaction with the various amateur and professional publics faced by a herpetologist, and presumably tinted quite strongly by the biases of a long-time afkionado of reptiles.
Psychotherapy and the Structure of Personal Revolutions

It is perhaps not uncommon to feel uncomfortable about discussing something when one is sorely aware of the incompleteness of one’s understanding. At the same time, there is more than a kernel of truth in the notion that one’s ignorance—or at least one’s awareness of it—may be an important element in furthering theoretical developments. New insights may lead to better understanding, and they also tend to reveal new challenges and whole panoramas of unexplored issues. In preparing this chapter, I have struggled with a variety of questions and dilemmas that relate to my own limited understanding. Should I remain conservatively close to the data and focus on assertions of which I am confident, or should I freely expand on some emerging and more speculative conjectures? For better or for worse, the editor of this volume influenced my decision by requesting “think pieces” and encouraging contributors to ramble freely in their thoughts and impressions of therapeutic process and procedure. At his insistence, I shall therefore offer some speculations about several issues. In accord with the request to emphasize conceptual over empirical issues, I have attempted to free my remarks as much as possible from the bondage of extant data. This has led me, at several places, to offer conjectures that I would usually reserve for the kinds of informal communication that are often associated with elevated blood alcohol. Likewise, as is already apparent, I have taken the liberty of employing personal pronouns somewhat liberally—perhaps to communicate that my remarks are personal conjectures rather than adamant pronouncements.
German Victims and American Oppressors: The Cultural Background and Legacy of Meyer V. Nebraska

In this article, Professor Finkelman discusses the Supreme Court decision in Meyer v. Nebraska. During and after WWI, German Americans were the targets of harassment, suppression, police brutality, and mob violence. Finkelman asserts that the Meyer case stands out as the most significant civil liberties victory of the WWI period and serves as an immediate prelude to the incorporation of the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment, making it applicable to the states.
California Domestic Partners: Legal Rights Have Come a Long Way

Wright examines California's recently updated law recognizing rights for those who live alternative life styles.
Economic Issues Affecting Across-the-Board Tax Cuts

In this report, Gravelle examines the economic issues affecting across-the-board tax cuts, primarily distribution of income, but also growth and simplification.
Synthesis and Properties of Lipid-Inspired Ionic Liquids

Lipid-inspired ionic liquids are a novel class of biomaterials that utilize structural features similar to natural lipids to allow the incorporation of the lipophilic structural elements while maintaining their melting points below room temperature. In this chapter, we will primarily focus on the synthesis and thermophysical properties of new generations of lipid-inspired ionic liquids.
MR imaging in nelarabine-induced myelopathy

Nelarabine is one of the newer and novel drugs approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for treatment of relapsed and resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although there are a few accounts of the neurologic toxicity of nelarabine in the oncological literature, it has never been discussed from a radiologic stand point to our knowledge. We describe a case of nelarabine-induced myelopathy and review the existing literature in an attempt to characterize the MRI features helpful in making an early diagnosis of this elusive entity.
The External Morphology of Foretarsal Receptors Involved with Host Discrimination by the Nymphalid Butterfly, Chlosyne lacinia

I used the scanning electron microscope to investigate the tarsal receptors of the female butterfly, Chlosyne lacinia . Two kinds of receptors are present; trichoid sensilla associated with the tarsal spines, and setae located in a pit on the dorsal surface. The possible means of interaction between these receptors and the host-plant leaf surface are discussed.
Monomorphic adenomas of the major and minor salivary glands: Report of twenty-one cases and review of the literature

Monomorphic adenomas are benign salivary gland tumors that have a predilection for development in the upper lip and parotid gland. Typically, patients are older persons (mean age, 61 years), but a broad age range (32 to 87 years) has been reported in the literature. Adequate treatment consists of superficial or total parotidectomy (depending on extent and location of the tumor) for parotid lesions and excision with a limited border of normal tissue for minor gland tumors. Uniform cellularity, lack of myxoid or chondroid features, and a tendency for multicentric origin are features which separate these tumors from pleomorphic adenomas. Monomorphic adenomas have been mistakenly diagnosed and treated as adenoid cystic carcinomas. Close attention to cytologic detail, histomorphology, and growth pattern at the periphery are important in separating these tumors.
Evaluation of 3 Behavioral Theories for Application in Health Promotion Strategies for Hispanic Women

Hispanic/Latina women often fare poorly when attempting to access the health care that they need in the United States. Using an established criterion, this article analyzes the application of the health belief model (HBM), social cognitive theory (SCT), and health promotion model (HPM) in the context of Hispanic women's limited access to, and use of, health resources to promote their health. An individual's perceptions and the likelihood of taking action are the focus of HBM. SCT is regarded as important sociostructural and personal determinants in the regulation of human behavior. Finally, HPM centers on the unique characteristics and experiences of an individual that motivate him or her toward positive health behavior. The analysis suggests that HPM is a better fit to explore the relationship among sociocultural factors, lifestyle practices, and the positive perceived affect of Hispanic women engaging in healthy behaviors and utilizing health care in the United States. HPM can guide the design of both health-enhancing and disease-prevention strategies that specifically address Hispanic women's unique health needs.
Protocol for the Use of a Bead Array for the Multiple Detection of Genotype of Chlamydia trachomatis

The identification of Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes is important for both molecular epidemiology and infection control such as contact tracing and identification of high-risk groups. Currently, at least 19 human serovars have been recognized by using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the major outer membrane protein. In sexually transmitted diseases, multiple pathogens or genotype infections are not uncommon. Hence, detection of multiple gene targets in one reaction is becoming increasingly important. Here, we describe the multiplex detection of eight genotypes of C. trachomatis by a combination of a PCR amplification with a multiplex bead array detection. The bead array system comprises distinct bead sets, which are color coded by different fluorescent intensities and a dual-laser flow cytometer analyzer to identify the identity of the bead and the intensity of the reporter dye that binds to the target molecules. The DNA sequences of the variable segments (VS2 or VS1-VS2) in outer membrane protein (omp1) gene are PCR amplified and biotin labeled and used as a gene target for the genotyping of C. trachomatis. Genotype-specific probes coupled to beads are used for capturing the labeled target amplicons through specific hybridization. Thus, multiple genotypes are detected and differentiated simultaneously by yielding quantitative data.
Thin film based plasmon nanorulers

In this work, isolated metal nanoparticles are supported on a dielectric thin film that is placed on a conducting plane. The optical scattering characteristics of these metal nanoparticles are directly correlated with the localized surface plasmon states of the nanoparticle—image particle dimer, formed in the conducting plane below. Quantification of plasmon resonance shifts can be directly correlated with the application of the plasmon nanoruler equation. This simple geometry shows that direct optical techniques can be used to resolve thickness variations in dielectrics of only a few nanometers.
1H NMR: A Novel Approach To Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Acetaldehyde Condensation Reactions with Glycerol, (+)-Catechin, and Glutathione in Model Wine

As wine oxidizes, ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde, but its accumulation is not predictable, due to poorly characterized reactions with alcohols, SO2, thiols, flavanols, and others. Measurement of these components has been thwarted by equilibria into the other forms during sample preparation. NMR spectra can be taken on intact samples and is thus ideal for this situation. Equilibria of acetaldehyde with glycerol, (+)-catechin, and glutathione were studied separately in model wine solutions at pH 3–4 by 1H NMR and 2D (1H–1H) COSY spectra. Glycerol acetals had equilibrium constants between 1.14 ± 0.056 and 2.53 ± 0.043 M–1, whereas ethylidene-bridged (+)-catechin dimers and glutathione thiohemiacetals had more favorable equilibria: from (3.92 ± 0.13) × 103 to (6.13 ± 0.32) × 103 M–2 and from 10.18 ± 0.22 to 11.17 ± 0.47 M–1, respectively. These data can be used to create accurate measures of acetaldehyde in its various forms and, consequently, offer insight into wine oxidation.
Towards optimal coordinated operation of distributed internet data center microgrids

This paper presents an optimal coordinated operation framework for minimizing the overall electricity cost of distributed internet data center (IDC) microgrids, which consists of cost of purchasing power from main grid, the operation cost of onsite generations, and the cost of carbon emissions. With forecasted day-ahead and real-time locational marginal prices (LMPs), the proposed model could help IDC microgrids operator actively participate in the wholesale and real-time electricity markets and achieve economic operation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal coordinated scheduling framework.
Open-label phase Ib study of entinostat (E), and lapatinib (L) alone, and in combination with trastuzumab (T) in patients (pts) with HER2+ metastatic (mHER2+) breast cancer after progression on trastuzumab.

609Background: Entinostat (E) an HDAC inhibitor, and Lapatinib (L) given in combination induces FOXO3a and mediates Bim1 expression in HER2+ cell lines resulting in apoptosis [Lee et al. BCRT 2014]...
Klassifizierung von Energieflexibilitätsmaßnahmen

Kurzfassung Fur den Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschland ist eine stabile Stromversorgung unerlasslich. Die Integration erneuerbarer und volatiler Energiequellen stellt dabei eine grose Herausforderung fur die Netzstabilitat dar. Um die Erzeugung und die Nachfrage zu synchronisieren, konnen produzierende Unternehmen durch Energieflexibilitatsmasnahmen ihren Strombedarf gezielt anpassen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt hierzu die moglichen Masnahmen in den verschiedenen Betriebsebenen einer Produktion auf und verdeutlicht diese anhand eines Beispiels.
Overweight/Obesity: Metabolic Benefits to Reduce Stone Risk

Obesity, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a BMI >30 kg/m2, is considered an epidemic in the United States and is estimated to afflict >20% of the population with nearly 11.5 million people affected nationwide (Demaria and Jamal, Gastroenterol Clin N Am 34(1):127–142, 2005). The population of overweight individuals (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2) is likewise increasing with as many as 40 million people affected. In fact, recent analysis would suggest that approximately two-thirds of the US population is overweight or obese (Yang and Colditz, JAMA Intern Med 175:1412–1413, 2015). Worldwide there has been an exponential increase in obesity with some countries reporting a near tripling of the rate of the obese population. The association between obesity and urolithiasis is well studied, and obesity has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for stone disease. This chapter will aim to describe the association between overweight/obesity and biochemical characteristics associated with stone disease in this particular group of individuals. We will also discuss nutritional therapies that decrease the risk of stone recurrence, improve 24-h urinary parameters, and are utilized to decrease weight and improve other comorbidities associated with the obese/overweight patient.
Conceptualization and measurement of human food neophobia

Abstract Research on humans indicates that there are sizable and, to some extent, predictable individual differences in the prevalence and severity of food neophobia, and that these differences can have a major impact on dietary intake. This chapter discusses some conceptual issues surrounding “food neophobia,” compares and contrasts this trait with several other traits with which it can be confused, and presents a review of approaches to measuring food neophobia. These approaches include self-reports, usually via questionnaires, peer and parental reports, and behavioral measures. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) is the central instrument in the research literature and is a focus of this chapter. Despite some concerns about the use of self-, peer, and parental reports, these approaches are easier to implement and interpret than behavioral measures. Overall, scores on the FNS and several other measures of food neophobia appear to have good psychometric properties including predictive validity.
Parity-time-symmetric whispering-gallery mode nanoparticle sensor [Invited]

We present a study of single nanoparticle detection using parity-time (PT) symmetric whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators. Our theoretical model and numerical simulations show that, with balanced gain and loss, the PT-symmetric WGM nanoparticle sensor, tailored to operate at PT phase transition points (also called exceptional points), exhibits significant enhancement in frequency splitting when compared with a single WGM nanoparticle sensor subject to the same perturbation. The presence of gain in the PT-symmetric system leads to narrower linewidth, which helps to resolve smaller changes in frequency splitting and improve the detection limit of nanoparticle sensing. Furthermore, we also provide a general method for detecting multiple nanoparticles entering the mode volume of a PT-symmetric WGM sensor one by one. Our study shows the feasibility of PT-symmetric WGM resonators for ultrasensitive single nanoparticle and biomolecule sensing.
Multi-Grid Schemes for Multi-Scale Coordination of Energy Systems

We discuss how multi-grid computing schemes can be used to design hierarchical coordination architectures for energy systems. These hierarchical architectures can be used to manage multiple temporal and spatial scales and mitigate fundamental limitations of centralized and decentralized architectures. We present the basic elements of a multi-grid scheme, which includes a smoothing operator (a high-resolution decentralized coordination layer that targets phenomena at high frequencies) and a coarsening operator (a low-resolution centralized coordination layer that targets phenomena at low frequencies). For smoothing, we extend existing convergence results for Gauss-Seidel schemes by applying them to systems that cover unstructured domains. This allows us to target problems with multiple timescales and arbitrary networks. The proposed coordination schemes can be used to guide transactions in decentralized electricity markets. We present a storage control example and a power flow diffusion example to illustrate the developments.
Synthesis of first row transition metal selenomaltol complexes

We report an efficient, one-step synthesis of the chelator 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-selenopyrone (selenomaltol). Complexes of selenomaltol with Fe(iii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) have been prepared and studied by NMR, X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, EPR and electronic absorption. The Ni(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes show chemically reversible oxidations which are suggested to be ligand-based. Nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS) analysis is used to compare aromaticity of the heterocyclic rings of selenomaltol and its chelates. The compounds described here should significantly expand the scope and utility of unusual O,Se-donor chelates.
6.32 – Hypertension

Hypertension is a polygenic multifactorial disorder involving the interaction of several genes with environmental factors. It is a major risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular diseases and the primary cause of stroke. Experimental models of hypertension include animals with surgically, chemically, or genetically induced hypertension. The current treatment of hypertension is not curative; it is largely symptomatic. Diuretics and β-adrenoceptor antagonists are the standard recommended therapy. Other currently used drugs include α1-adrenoceptor antagonists, calcium-channel antagonists (CCAs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists, and combination therapy. Vasopeptidase and renin inhibitors are in advanced clinical evaluation. Unmet clinical needs include drug-resistant, pulmonary, and portal hypertension. Improvements in the therapy of isolated systolic hypertension are desirable. Future prospects in the treatment of hypertension include the introduction of renin, and possibly vasopeptidase, inhibitors, more widespread use of drug combinations, new approaches to the therapy of pulmonary and portal hypertension, and curative approaches to essential hypertension involving gene therapy.
Mobile power management for wireless communication networks

For fixed quality-of-service constraints and varying channel interference, how should a mobile node in a wireless network adjust its transmitter power so that energy consumption is minimized? Several transmission schemes are considered, and optimal solutions are obtained for channels with stationary, extraneous interference. A simple dynamic power management algorithm based on these solutions is developed. The algorithm is tested by a series of simulations, including the extraneous-interference case and the more general case where multiple, mutually interfering transmitters operate in a therefore highly responsive interference environment. Power management is compared with conventional power control for models based on FDMA/TDMA and CDMA cellular networks. Results show improved network capacity and stability in addition to substantially improved battery life at the mobile terminals.
Voltammetric evidence for discrete serotonin circuits, linked to specific reuptake domains, in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex.

Abstract The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important brain region, that controls a variety of behavioral and functional outputs. As an important step in characterizing mPFC functionality, in this paper we focus on chemically defining serotonin transmission in this area. We apply cutting-edge analytical methods, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and fast-scan controlled adsorption cyclic voltammetry (FSCAV), pioneered in our laboratory, for the first real-time in vivo analysis of serotonin in the mPFC. In prior in vivo work in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, we found that our sub-second measurements of a single evoked serotonin release were subject to two clearance mechanisms. These mechanisms were readily modeled via Uptake 1, mediated by the serotonin transporters (SERTs), and Uptake 2, mediated by monoamine transporters (dopamine transporters (DATs), norepinephrine transporters (NETs), and organic cation transporters (OCTs)). Here in the mPFC, for the first time to our knowledge, we observe two release events in response to a single stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Of particular note is that each response is tied to a discrete reuptake profile comprising both Uptake 1 and 2. We hypothesize that two distinct populations of serotonin axons traverse the MFB and terminate in different domains with specific reuptake profiles. We test and confirm this hypothesis using a multifaceted pharmacological, histological and mathematical approach. We thus present evidence for a highly elaborate biochemical organization that regulates serotonin chemistry in the mPFC. This knowledge provides a solid foundation on which to base future studies of the involvement of the mPFC in brain function and behavior.