cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation and transient analysis of organic/inorganic CMOS inverter circuit

Finite element device level simulations were used in conjunction with SPICE modeling to design and optimize a complementary MOS inverter circuit with an organic p-type and an inorganic n-type transistor combination. The device characteristics of the p-type and the n-type transistors were generated through 2D finite element device level simulations. The drain current (I D ) vs. drain-source voltage (V D ) and the drain current (I D ) vs. gate voltage (V G ) characteristics were modeled through fitting procedures to extract the SPICE parameters. Also, the design and transient analysis of a hybrid CMOS inverter circuit modeled using these SPICE parameters is presented. The inverter works reliably within the range of supply voltage (10V).
Spectral measurements of two-photon absorption coefficients for CdSe and GaSe crystals

We have measured the spectra of two-photon absorption coefficients for CdSe and GaSe based on a z-scan technique. By using extremely high peak intensities from subpicosecond laser pulses, we observed novel behavior of effective two-photon absorption for CdSe. We compared our results for both crystals with theory as well as with the previous values measured at three and two wavelengths, respectively. For both CdSe and GaSe crystals our measured values are lower than all those reported previously.
Precision of Descriptors for Percent Marrow Fat Content for White- tailed Deer, Odocoileus viriginianus

Based on 168 records of both verbal descriptors of White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) femur-marrow fat and percentage of fat measured later, “gelatinous” served well to distinguish fat 56%.
Feasibility of investigating differential proteomic expression in depression: implications for biomarker development in mood disorders

The objective of this study was to determine whether proteomic profiling in serum samples can be utilized in identifying and differentiating mood disorders. A consecutive sample of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of unipolar (UP n=52) or bipolar depression (BP-I n=46, BP-II n=49) and controls (n=141) were recruited. A 7.5-ml blood sample was drawn for proteomic multiplex profiling of 320 proteins utilizing the Myriad RBM Discovery Multi-Analyte Profiling platform. After correcting for multiple testing and adjusting for covariates, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), hemopexin (HPX), hepsin (HPN), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) and transthyretin (TTR) all showed statistically significant differences among groups. In a series of three post hoc analyses correcting for multiple testing, MMP-7 was significantly different in mood disorder (BP-I+BP-II+UP) vs controls, MMP-7, GDF-15, HPN were significantly different in bipolar cases (BP-I+BP-II) vs controls, and GDF-15, HPX, HPN, RBP-4 and TTR proteins were all significantly different in BP-I vs controls. Good diagnostic accuracy (ROC-AUC⩾0.8) was obtained most notably for GDF-15, RBP-4 and TTR when comparing BP-I vs controls. While based on a small sample not adjusted for medication state, this discovery sample with a conservative method of correction suggests feasibility in using proteomic panels to assist in identifying and distinguishing mood disorders, in particular bipolar I disorder. Replication studies for confirmation, consideration of state vs trait serial assays to delineate proteomic expression of bipolar depression vs previous mania, and utility studies to assess proteomic expression profiling as an advanced decision making tool or companion diagnostic are encouraged.
Persistently high prevalence and unrecognized HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Baltimore: the BESURE study.

Background: Given high rates of HIV among Baltimore men who have sex with men (MSM), we examined characteristics associated with HIV prevalence and unrecognized HIV infection among Baltimore MSM at two time points. Methods: Cross-sectional behavioral surveys and HIV testing in 2004―2005 and 2008 using venue-based sampling among adult Baltimore men at MSM-identified locations. MSM was defined as sex with a male partner in the past year. Bivariate and backward stepwise regression identified characteristics associated with HIV and unrecognized infection. Results: HIV prevalence was 37.7% overall in 2004―2005 (n = 645) and 37.5% in 2008 (n = 448), 51.4% and 44.7% among black MSM and 12.9% and 18.3% among non-Hispanic white MSM. Compared with non-Hispanic white MSM, black MSM were 4.0 times (95% confidence interval, 2.3―7.0) more likely to be HIV-positive in 2004―2005 and 2.5 times (95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.0) more likely in 2008. Prevalence of unrecognized HIV infection was 58.4% overall in 2004-2005 and 74.4% in 2008, 63.8% and 76.9% among black MSM and 15.4% and 47.4% among non-Hispanic white MSM. In adjusted models, unrecognized infection was significantly associated with minority race/ethnicity, younger age, and no prior year doctor visits in 2004-2005 and with younger age and no prior year doctor visits in 2008. Conclusion: High rates of HIV infection and substantial rates of unrecognized HIV infection among Baltimore MSM, particularly men of color and young men, require urgent public and private sector attention and increased prevention response.
ASSESSMENT OF PEDOGENIC GIBBSITE AS A PALEO-PCO2 PROXY USING A MODERN ULTISOL

The stable carbon isotope composition of CO2 occluded in the gibbsite structure is proposed as a potential atmospheric paleo-PCO2 proxy. Analysis of pedogenic gibbsite from a modern Ultisol in the Piedmont of Georgia, USA, was conducted to test the basis for this concept and to help constrain the parameters used to describe physical and biological processes affecting such factors as the respiration rate of CO2. Co-variation of the δ13C and δ18O values with depth along a gradient parallel to the mixing line between the atmosphere and the soil organic material implies that diffusion is the process that determines the stable isotope composition of soil CO2. In the upper 40 cm, the measured δ13C values are not consistent with the expected diffusive depth profile assumed in paleo-PCO2 models. The isotope signature is reset downward in the depth profile with a concentration of the most atmosphere-like δ13C and δ18O values occurring at the top of the Bt horizon by some as-yet-unknown process. Bioturbation, recrystallization, and physical translocation are potential explanations for this observation. Regardless of the process at work, the net effect is an apparent two-component mixing curve between the top of the Bt horizon and deep within the saprolite. In cases where the A horizon is eroded but the Bt horizon is preserved it is possible that δ13C values of gibbsite-occluded CO2 can serve as a proxy for atmospheric paleo-PCO2. Careful textural study of all paleosols is therefore essential to match stable carbon isotope signatures with the horizons preserved. Understanding of modern dynamics and preservation of these isotopic signatures may also be important for those that employ other carbonate proxies.
Carotid endarterectomy: comparison of complications between transverse and longitudinal incision

Background Cranial nerve injury (CNI) is the most common neurological complication associated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Some authors postulate that the transverse skin incision leads to increased risk of CNI. Objective We compared the incidence of CNI associated with the transverse and longitudinal skin incisions in a high-volume cerebrovascular center. Methods We reviewed the charts of 226 consecutive patients who underwent CEAs between January 2007 and August 2009. Pre- and postoperative standardized neurological evaluations were performed by faculty neurologists and neurosurgeons. Results One hundred sixty nine of 226 (75%) CEAs were performed with the use of a transverse incision. The longitudinal incision was generally reserved for patients with a high-riding carotid bifurcation. Mean patient age was 69 years (range, 45-91 years); 62% were men; 59% of patients were symptomatic and had high-grade stenosis (70%-99%). CNI occurred in 8 cases (3.5%): 5 (3%) in transverse and 3 (5.3%) with longitudinal incisions (P = .42). There were 2 marginal mandibular nerve injuries, 1 (0.6%) transverse and 1 longitudinal; 5 recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries, 4 transverse and 1 longitudinal; and 1 case of hypoglossal nerve injury associated with longitudinal incision. One hematoma was associated with CNI. All injuries were transient. Fourteen wound hematomas required surgical evacuation. Conclusion The transverse skin incision for CEAs is not associated with an increased risk of CNI (P =.42). In this study, the incidence of CNI associated with the transverse incision was 3% (n = 5) vs 5% (n = 3) for longitudinal incisions. All CNIs were temporary.
Soluble adenosine diphosphate glucose–α-1,4-glucan α-4-glucosyltransferases from spinach leaves

Multiple forms of ADP-glucose–α-1,4-glucan α-4-glucosyltransferase were obtained from spinach leaves by gradient elution from a DEAE-cellulose column. In the presence of high concentrations of some salts and bovine serum albumin, unprimed activity was found in one (transglucosylase III) of the four fractions eluted from the column. In addition to having unprimed activity, transglucosylase III had a lower Km for ADP-glucose, a much higher Km for oyster glycogen, greater heat sensitivity and lower affinity for maltose, maltotriose and amylopectin β-limit dextrin than fractions I, II and IV. In addition, the kinetics at low concentrations of amylose, amylopectin and rabbit liver glycogen were non-linear for transglucosylase III. The properties of transglucosylases I, II and IV were generally similar to each other. Rates of the unprimed reaction at physiological concentrations of ADP-glucose were greater than those found for the primed reaction of fraction III. The product formed by the unprimed reaction was a glucan containing principally α-1,4 linkages with some α-1,6 linkages. The primer, maltose, at a concentration of 0.5m inhibited the synthesis of the unprimed product.
What visual feedback should a reading tutor give children on their oral reading prosody

An automated reading tutor that models and evaluates children's oral reading prosody should also be able to respond dynamically with feedback they like, understand, and benefit from. We describe visual feedback that Project LISTEN's Reading Tutor generates in realtime by mapping prosodic features of children's oral reading to dynamic graphical features of displayed text. We present results from preliminary usability studies of 20 children aged 7-10. We also describe an experiment to test whether such visual feedback elicits oral reading that more closely matches the prosodic contours of adult narrations. Effective feedback on prosody could help children become fluent, expressive readers.
Comparing Model Simulation and Experimental Results to Study the Dependence on Shear Stress of NO, ATP and ADP Production from Endothelial Cells

The concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP) produced by cultured endothelial cells (ECs) in a parallel-plate flow chamber apparatus in response to changes in shear stress were compared to predictions generated by mathematical simulation. The model for NO production in a parallel flow chamber was based on earlier work, previously published by our group (1). Two models for adenine nucleotide production were used in the current study: a model developed by John and Barakat (2) and a model developed by Qin et al (3). The latter model was developed by fitting experimental results obtained by Yamamoto et al (4). The models were used to investigate the effect of changes in wall shear stress on production and transport of the three chemical species. In addition, experimental results using apyrase, which catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and then to AMP, were compared to predictions of the simulations.
The macrophage contribution to stress erythropoiesis: when less is enough

Although the importance of native bone marrow and spleen macrophages in enhancing baseline and stress erythropoiesis has been emphasized over several decades, their kinetic and phenotypic changes during a variety of stress responses have been unclear. Furthermore, whether monocyte-derived recruited macrophages can functionally substitute for inadequate or functionally impaired native macrophages has been controversial and seem to be not only tissue- but also stress-type dependent. To provide further insight into these issues, we made detailed observations at baseline and post-erythroid stress (E-stress) in 2 mouse models with genetically depressed macrophage numbers and compared them to their controls. We documented that, irrespective of the stress-induced (hemolytic or post-erythropoietin [Epo]) treatment, only native CD11b(lo) splenic macrophages expand dramatically post-stress in normal mice without significant changes in the monocyte-derived CD11b(hi) subset. The latter remained a minority and did not change post-stress in 2 genetic models lacking either Spi-C or VCAM-1 with impaired native macrophage proliferative expansion. Although CD11b(lo) macrophages in these mice were one-fifth of normal at their peak response, surprisingly, their erythroid response was not compromised and was similar to controls. Thus, despite the prior emphasis on numerical macrophage reliance to provide functional rescue from E-stress, our data highlight the importance of previously described non-macrophage-dependent pathways activated under certain stress conditions to compensate for low macrophage numbers.
Subordinates, Sex Objects, or Sapphires? Investigating Contributions of Media Use to Black Students’ Femininity Ideologies and Stereotypes About Black Women

Although the media are believed to be instrumental in transmitting messages about both traditional femininity and Black femininity to Black youth, there is little empirical evidence documenting thi...
Commentary-Smart Service Systems: Bridging the Silos

To strengthen service science as an academic discipline, we need to bridge disciplinary silos. A strongly connected network of silo-to-silo bridges can facilitate a generation of foundational knowledge and best practices needed to foster substantive continuing innovation in service system design. Such innovation can have an enormous impact on service system performance and thus quality of life for users of these systems. Drawing from insights gained from discussions at the "Smarter Service Systems through Innovation Partnerships and Transdisciplinary Research" workshop, held by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the National Science Foundation during November 20-21, 2014, we explore the challenges facing researchers, system designers, and industry players seeking to drive innovation in service system design. We then present ideas in three major areas for surmounting those challenges: a designing service systems with human beings not just technology in mind, b fostering transdisciplinary research, and c forging new kinds of partnerships among diverse stakeholders.
Chapter 3: Developmental Supplementation

The extended Madisonian framework can be used to justify two kinds of exercises in rights supplementation—those the framers might have approved and those they might have rejected. This latter category is particularly pertinent to privacy rights. It’s highly unlikely the framing generation would have accepted the constitutional legitimacy of, say, a right to engage in consensual sodomy or a right to engage in same-sex marriage. This might be taken as a decisive argument against the legitimacy of many privacy decisions. But a counterexample also has to be considered. It’s also unlikely that the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment would have accepted the legitimacy of court-ordered racial integration of District of Columbia public schools, for the same Congress that approved the Fourteenth Amendment also adopted legislation mandating racial segregation of Washington’s public schools. The Court’s decision in Bolling v. Sharpe, the 1954 companion case to Brown v. Board of Education, nonetheless ordered integration of Washington’s schools. Because it’s clear that Bolling departed from original understandings of the Constitution, it can be classified as an exercise in developmental supplementation. Furthermore, although Bolling is incompatible with original understandings of the text, it can be justified in light of the extended Madisonian framework, for while racial segregation of public education was the national norm during the nineteenth century by the mid-twentieth century, when Brown and Bolling were decided, the pattern of state legislation indicated that racial integration was supported by a supermajority consensus. Thus Bolling serves as a model for the developmental supplementation decisions reached in late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century privacy cases.
Precision spectroscopy to enable traceable dynamic measurements of pressure

We present recent work aimed at creating a standard for the dynamic measurement of pressure. A near-IR laser spectroscopy system is demonstrated for measuring 8 cm−1 in 50 μs with a 4 kHz repetition rate.
Impact of Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate on Urgent Warfarin-Reversal in Patients with Ventricular Assist Devices Going for Heart Transplants

BACKGROUND The four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (4f PCC) is FDA approved for urgent reversal of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulation. It offers an alternative to plasma with immediate, low volume reversal. However, there is a risk of thromboembolic events associated with the use of 4f PCC. Patients with ventricular assist devices (VAD) while awaiting heart transplantation are routinely anticoagulated with warfarin and aspirin. At the time of transplant, these must be reversed. We believed that warfarin reversal with 4f PCC could offer advantages over plasma to these patients, but could also increase the risk of thromboembolic events. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated the effects of 4f PCC on bleeding and thromboembolism in VAD patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation (VAD-OHT) at our institution. One arm included VAD-OHT patients receiving 4f PCC for urgent warfarin reversal prior to OHT. The other non-4f PCC (control) arm is consecutive VAD-OHT patients receiving plasma for VKA reversal before 4f PCC availability. Endpoints included intra-operative and 24 hour post-operative blood component use; cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, OR time; chest tube output within 24 hour postoperative period; incidence of reoperation for bleeding; time to extubation; 30-day in-house incidence of thrombosis/embolism and 30-day in-house mortality. 4f PCC9s impact on the cost of blood components for VAD-OHT patients was investigated by comparing the combined costs of blood products and 4f PCC. Unpaired T-test and chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS There were 17 patients in the 4f PCC arm, and 20 patients in non-4f PCC arm. 4f PCC significantly reduced the number of units of transfused red blood cells, single donor platelets, and cryoprecipitate during OHT. The average cost saving from reduced blood product use per patient in the 4f PCC arm was $2388. The average cost of 4f PCC over plasma for warfarin reversal was $2569 per patient, resulting in a net overall additional cost of 4f PCC use per patient of $181. 4f PCC was also associated with a reduced CPB time during the operation. 4f PCC did not significantly affect the other endpoints, suggesting it may have a similar safety profile to plasma for warfarin reversal in VAD-OHT patients. DISCUSSION This study shows that 4f PCC, similar to plasma, can be safely used for urgent warfarin reversal in VAD-OHT patients. 4f PCC may be superior to plasma for intraoperative hemostasis in VAD-OHT patients, resulting in a significant reduction in blood component use. The cost saving of intra-and post-operative blood product use mitigated the expense of 4f PCC. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the impact of 4f PCC on VAD-OHT patients. A prospective randomized trial with a larger number of VAD-OHT patients with adequate statistical power is warranted to provide more insight. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Evaluating efficacy of current lung cancer screening guidelines

Objective Current lung cancer screening criteria based primarily on outcomes from the National Lung Screening Trial may not adequately capture all subgroups of the population at risk. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lung cancer screening criteria recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network in identifying known cases of lung cancer. Methods An investigation of the Stony Brook Cancer Center Lung Cancer Evaluation Center's database identified 1207 eligible, biopsy-proven lung cancer cases diagnosed between January 1996 and March 2016. Age at diagnosis, smoking history, and other known risk factors for lung cancer were used to determine the proportion of cases that would have met current United States Preventive Services Task Force, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network eligibility requirements for lung cancer screening. Results Of the 1046 ever smokers in the study, 40% did not meet the National Lung Screening Trial age requirements, 20% did not have a ≥30 pack year smoking history, and approximately one-third quit smoking >15 years before diagnosis, thus deeming them ineligible for screening. Applying the United States Preventive Services Task Force, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network eligibility criteria to the Stony Brook Cancer Center's Lung Cancer Evaluation Center cases, 49.2, 46.3, and 69.8%, respectively, would have met the current lung cancer screening guidelines. Conclusions The United States Preventive Services Task Force and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening captured less than 50% of lung cancer cases in this investigation. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate the efficacy of current guidelines and may have major public health implications.
D.R.E.A.M.S. (Digital Rehabilitation Environment-Altering Medical System)

In project D.R.E.A.M.S., we propose to develop and assess the feasibility of a novel and intelligent delirium-prevention system to address depression, pain, sleep, activity patterns and emotional states using the Emotiv Epoc+ | 14 Channel EEG, and HTC Vive VR set.
REAL-TIME EARTHQUAKE MONITORING WITH SPATIO-TEMPORAL FIELDS

Abstract. With live streaming sensors and sensor networks, increasingly large numbers of individual sensors are deployed in physical space. Sensor data streams are a fundamentally novel mechanism to deliver observations to information systems. They enable us to represent spatio-temporal continuous phenomena such as radiation accidents, toxic plumes, or earthquakes almost as instantaneously as they happen in the real world. Sensor data streams discretely sample an earthquake, while the earthquake is continuous over space and time. Programmers attempting to integrate many streams to analyze earthquake activity and scope need to write code to integrate potentially very large sets of asynchronously sampled, concurrent streams in tedious application code. In previous work, we proposed the field stream data model (Liang et al., 2016) for data stream engines. Abstracting the stream of an individual sensor as a temporal field, the field represents the Earth’s movement at the sensor position as continuous. This simplifies analysis across many sensors significantly. In this paper, we undertake a feasibility study of using the field stream model and the open source Data Stream Engine (DSE) Apache Spark(Apache Spark, 2017) to implement a real-time earthquake event detection with a subset of the 250 GPS sensor data streams of the Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN). The field-based real-time stream queries compute maximum displacement values over the latest query window of each stream, and related spatially neighboring streams to identify earthquake events and their extent. Further, we correlated the detected events with an USGS earthquake event feed. The query results are visualized in real-time.
Adaptation in Delivering Integrated Care: The Tension Between Care and Evidence-Based Practice.

Clinical practice is assumed to be informed and supported by evidence-based clinical research. Nonetheless, clinical practice often deviates from the research evidence base, sometimes leading and s...
Anticompetitive Social Norms as Antitrust Violations

The antitrust laws broadly forbid agreements in restraint of trade. These illegal agreements are typically imagined as products of smoke filled backroom discussions, where titans of industry set prices over cigars and whiskey.! Such clear examples form the inner core of what section 1 of the Sherman Act proscribes,2 but the outer boundaries of section 1 liability are unclear and are the subject of substantial disagreement among courts and academics. For instance, imagine an isolated town with two gas stations located across the street from each other, each charging $2.00 per gallon of gaso line. One morning, the owner of the first station increases her prices by $0.25, even though her cost of selling gasoline remains unchanged. This first owner knows that, assuming the second owner does not change his prices, customers will likely abandon her station and opt for the cheaper gasoline of her competitor. However, she also knows that, if the second owner likewise increases his prices by $0.25, each owner will sell the same amount of gasoline at the higher price, and they will therefore both enjoy higher profits. The second owner notices the increase in price and increases his price to match. Has a price-fixing conspiracy occurred in violation of section 1 of the Sherman Act?3 Theoretically, yes. Both have "agreed" to raise their price above the competitive level. But as a practical matter, both are likely to get away with it, insofar as there is no further evidence of an
Adherence: The Great Masquerader of Treatment-Resistance

Adherence or compliance with a medication regimen is generally defined as the extent to which patients take medications as prescribed. The term “compliance” has fallen out of favor as it implies a power imbalance between clinician and patient. The pejorative labeling of a patient as “noncompliant” is not therapeutically productive. The term “adherence” is more consistent with a shared decision-making model and the establishment of a therapeutic alliance. It is common in research studies of adherence to categorize a patient as adherent if they take at least 80 % of their prescribed medication.
SURVEY DESIGN UNDER SUPERPOPULATION MODELS

Sample designs and predictors that minimize the approximate anticipated variance are developed. Anticipated variance is the variance of the predictor computed with respect to the sampling design and the superpopulation model. The designer's information is expressed in terms of the parameters of a regression superpopulation model from which the finite population is a (conceptual) random sample. The limiting distribution of the estimator is presented.
Crawling the Community Structure of Multiplex Networks

We examine the problem of crawling the community structure of a multiplex network containing multiple layers of edge relationships. While there has been a great deal of work examining community structure in general, and some work on the problem of sampling a network to preserve its community structure, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to consider this problem on multiplex networks. We consider the specific case in which the layers of a multiplex network have different query (collection) costs and reliabilities; and a data collector is interested in identifying the community structure of the most expensive layer. We propose MultiComSample (MCS), a novel algorithm for crawling a multiplex network. MCS uses multiple levels of multi-armed bandits to determine the best layers, communities and node roles for selecting nodes to query. We test MCS against six baseline algorithms on real-world multiplex networks, and achieved large gains in performance. For example, after consuming a budget equivalent to sampling 20% of the nodes in the expensive layer, we observe that MCS outperforms the best baseline by up to 49%.
Connections between classical car following models and artificial neural networks

This article considers the problem of traffic modeling via modeling at the microscopic (i.e., vehicle) scale. It provides a connection between classical ordinary differential equation based models and data driven artificial neural network (ANN) based models by showing an example of a car following model which can be exactly expressed as an ANN. In a set of numerical experiments, four ANN models (ranging in structure from a model that is able to exactly capture a classical car following model, to a generic neural network model) are proposed and then trained from data and their resulting accuracy is assessed. It is shown that by adding structure into the neural network (i.e., via the architecture and the activation functions), it is possible to outperform generic ANN models to emergent phenomena such as stop and go waves.
Underlying lithology controls trace metal mobilization during redox fluctuations.

Abstract Redox state fluctuations are a primary mechanism controlling the mobilization of trace metals in soils. However, underlying lithology may modulate the effect that redox fluctuations have on trace metal mobility by influencing soil particle size and mineral composition. To investigate the relationships among trace metal behavior, lithology, and redox state, we subjected surface soils from two intensely weathered soil profiles formed on contrasting lithologies to consecutive, 8-day redox cycles. A suite of metals (Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Rb, Zr, Nb, Mo, REEs, Pb, Th, U) were quantified in the aqueous phase (
Phenology in a warming world: differences between native and non‐native plant species

Phenology is a harbinger of climate change, with many species advancing flowering in response to rising temperatures. However, there is tremendous variation among species in phenological response to warming, and any phenological differences between native and non-native species may influence invasion outcomes under global warming. We simulated global warming in the field and found that non-native species flowered earlier and were more phenologically plastic to temperature than natives, which did not accelerate flowering in response to warming. Non-native species' flowering also became more synchronous with other community members under warming. Earlier flowering was associated with greater geographic spread of non-native species, implicating phenology as a potential trait associated with the successful establishment of non-native species across large geographic regions. Such phenological differences in both timing and plasticity between native and non-natives are hypothesised to promote invasion success and population persistence, potentially benefiting non-native over native species under climate change.
Quantifying Control Efficacy of Fungicides Commonly Applied for Potato Early Blight Management

Early blight is an economically important foliar disease of potato in the United States. Because of the lack of resistant potato cultivars, fungicides are applied extensively to obtain adequate control. To manage early blight, standard protectant fungicides and single-site mode-of-action "specialty" fungicides are applied either alone or incorporated into a fungicide rotation program. Control efficacy at two crop growth stages (tuber initiation/early bulking and late bulking/tuber maturation) and the overall tuber yield response to standard and specialty fungicides were assessed using network metaanalytic models. Control efficacy of fungicides ranged from moderate to very high (>30 to 75%) compared with the nontreated control. For both potato growth stages, specialty fungicides performed better than standard protectant fungicides. Furthermore, control efficacy of both fungicides was higher (3 to 9%) at late bulking and tuber maturation when compared with early bulking crop growth stage. Specialty fungicide programs increased overall tuber yields by 4 and 9% over standard fungicides and nontreated control, respectively. Based on the results, more precise fungicide use recommendations and fungicide programs can be developed for early blight management.
Aura: Inside-out Electromagnetic Controller Tracking

The ability to track handheld controllers in 3D space is critical for interaction with head-mounted displays, such as those used in virtual and augmented reality systems. Today's systems commonly rely on dedicated infrastructure to track the controller or only provide inertial-based rotational tracking, which severely limits the user experience. Optical inside-out systems offer mobility but require line-of-sight and bulky tracking rings, which limit the ubiquity of these devices. In this work, we present Aura, an inside-out electromagnetic 6-DoF tracking system for handheld controllers. The tracking system consists of three coils embedded in a head-mounted display and a set of orthogonal receiver coils embedded in a handheld controller. We propose a novel closed-form and computationally simple tracking approach to reconstruct position and orientation in real time. Our handheld controller is small enough to fit in a pocket and consumes 45 mW of power, allowing it to operate for multiple days on a typical battery. An evaluation study demonstrates that Aura achieves a median tracking error of 5.5 mm and 0.8 degrees in 3D space within arm's reach.
Excited OH kinetics and distribution in H2 premixed flames

Abstract With the aim of understanding the link between excited OH (OH∗) and ground species, we have investigated its distribution and kinetics in steady planar premixed H2-O2-N2 flames. We find that the OH∗ distribution mimics the two-layer chemical structure of the underlying host H2 flame, with a thin fuel consumption layer where OH∗ is out of equilibrium and a thicker downstream recombination tail where OH∗ relaxes to thermodynamic equilibrium with OH. This distribution can be characterized by only two representative concentrations: (i) the peak concentration at the fuel consumption layer, and (ii) the final downstream equilibrium concentration. A map of their ratio in an equivalence-dilution plane reveals the gradual transition between two limit-flame types: low-dilution flames emit with similar intensities from both regions, whereas highly-diluted flames emit more strongly from the fuel consumption layer. The relevance of these findings to the detection and to the rational, quantitative use of chemiluminescence is discussed.
Survey of palliative care patients WHO work.

e20677 Background: There is an extensive literature on patients who return to work (RTW) after completing definitive cancer treatment. Much less is known about patients who work while on treatment....
Pick Interpolation, I: The Basics

In 1916, Pick asked and answered the following question: Given indexed collections {zj}j ∈ I in \({\mathbb {D}}\) and {wj}j ∈ I in \(\{w\mid \operatorname {\mathrm {Re}} w>0\}\) with the zj distinct, when does there exist an analytic function F on \({\mathbb {D}}\) with \( \operatorname {\mathrm {Re}} F >0\) so that for all j ∈ I.
Malate–aspartate shuttle promotes l‐lactate oxidation in mitochondria

Metabolism in cancer cells is rewired to generate sufficient energy equivalents and anabolic precursors to support high proliferative activity. Within the context of these competing drives aerobic glycolysis is inefficient for the cancer cellular energy economy. Therefore, many cancer types, including colon cancer, reprogram mitochondria-dependent processes to fulfill their elevated energy demands. Elevated glycolysis underlying the Warburg effect is an established signature of cancer metabolism. However, there are a growing number of studies that show that mitochondria remain highly oxidative under glycolytic conditions. We hypothesized that activities of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are coordinated to maintain redox compartmentalization. We investigated the role of mitochondria-associated malate-aspartate and lactate shuttles in colon cancer cells as potential regulators that couple aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrated that the malate-aspartate shuttle exerts control over NAD+ /NADH homeostasis to maintain activity of mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase and to enable aerobic oxidation of glycolytic l-lactate in mitochondria. The elevated glycolysis in cancer cells is proposed to be one of the mechanisms acquired to accelerate oxidative phosphorylation.
Germline Testing for Patients With BRCA1/2 Mutations on Somatic Tumor Testing.

Background The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends germline testing for pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations identified by somatic tumor sequencing. The aim of this study was to explore whether patients at Stanford with somatic BRCA1/2 mutations were recommended germline testing in accordance with NCCN guidelines. Methods We retrospectively collected all Stanford patients with BRCA1/2 mutations found by tumor sequencing. Medical records were reviewed for each patient to identify those recommended germline testing. A multivariable logistic regression model was fit associating baseline characteristics with whether or not a recommendation was made. Results Of 164 participants, 51 (31.1%) had no recommendation for germline testing. Of the 97 available germline-testing results, 54 (55.7%) were positive for pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations. After adjusting for possible confounders, patients with genitourinary cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00 to 0.03; P = .003), lung cancer (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.21; P < .001), sarcoma (OR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.14; P < .001), skin cancer (OR = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.03; P = .002), or "other" diagnoses (OR = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.16; P < .001) were statistically significantly less likely to be recommended germline testing compared with patients with breast or gynecological cancers. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of provider education outside of the oncologic specialties typically associated with BRCA-related cancers and continued exploration of referrals to genetics for germline testing on the basis of somatic findings.
Competitive devitrification and metastable phase selection in amorphous Al–Sm

Abstract Competitive phase selection during devitrification of Al–Sm glassy alloys is investigated for compositions ranging from 9.0 to 14.1 at% Sm. The crystallization response under isothermal and constant-heating-rate treatments is observed to involve metastable phases that lie well beneath (energetically above) the equilibrium landscape. Certain phases have also been shown to contain particular sub-crystalline atomic motifs that may be present and even dominant in the undercooled liquid and glass. Experimentally observed structures and associated chemical variations are investigated within the context of comprehensive solution-based thermodynamic models and the corresponding relationship between driving force and chemical partitioning. It is found that initial selection of complex large-unit-cell intermetallic phases is largely governed by the energetics of the partitionless or nearly partitionless crystallization transition. Evidence from transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering further suggests that cooperative precipitation phenomena may be operative and instrumental in alleviating the excess solute burden, as might be expected under conditions of limited atomic transport.
Becoming a Clinical Supervisor: Key Ethics Issues and Recommendations

Clinical supervision is an essential aspect of every health service provider’s professional development and training. Serving as a supervisor of a graduate student or trainee can be a very rewarding professional activity. But, what should you be aware of and what are the factors you should consider if offered the opportunity to provide clinical supervision? A number of clinical, ethics, legal, and practical issues are addressed to assist health service providers to enter into this role in a competent and effective manner. Specific issues addressed include understanding supervisor roles and responsibilities, what specific competencies are needed to be an effective supervisor and how to develop them, the qualities and practices of effective and ineffective supervisors; the difference between supervision and mentoring, how to effectively infuse ethics, legal, and diversity issues into supervision; and how to effectively end the supervision relationship. Specific guidance is provided and key resources for those interested in learning more about being a supervisor are provided.
In Vitro Screening of a Culturable Soybean Cyst Nematode Cyst Mycobiome for Potential Biological Control Agents and Biopesticides.

Fungal biological control of soybean cyst nematodes (SCN) is an important component of integrated pest management for soybean. However, very few fungal biological control agents are available in th...
Comparing Associations Between Puberty, Ethnic–Racial Identity, Self-Concept, and Depressive Symptoms Among African American and Caribbean Black Boys

Research on pubertal development among Black boys is limited. Addressing this gap, we examined associations between three pubertal domains (e.g., voice change, hair growth, and perceived relative timing), depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, among a nationally representative sample of 395 African American and 164 Caribbean Black boys (Mage = 15 years). Moderation by ethnic-racial identity (e.g., racial centrality, racial regard) was also explored. Results indicated that for both ethnic subgroups early voice change increased self-esteem; whereas early voice change increased depressive symptoms among boys who felt society views Blacks more negatively. Buffering effects of ethnic-racial identity also varied significantly between the two groups. Findings suggest that the meaning Black boys ascribe to their ethnic-racial group may explain puberty-linked outcomes.
Perioperative nursing intervention for neonatal esophageal atresia treated by correction under thoracoscopy

Objective To analyze and explore the effect of perioperative nursing intervention on neonatal esophageal atresia treated by correction under thoracoscopy. Methods 50 cases of neonatal esophageal atresia treated by correction thoracoscopy at our hospital from February, 2017 to March, 2018 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, 25 cases for each group. Routine perioperative nursing and comprehensive perioperative nursing were used respectively. Results The clinical cured rate was significantly higher, the hospitalization time was significantly shorter, and the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, with statistical differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of neonatal esophageal atresia with thoracoscopy, strengthening perioperative nursing intervention can significantly improve the clinical cured rate, reduce postoperative complications, and shorten hospitalization time. Key words: Perioperative period; Nursing intervention; Thoracoscopy; Neonatal esophageal atresia; Correction
ETFs, Learning, and Information in Stock Prices

This paper studies how the introduction of ETFs, and the growth of ETF ownership, can change investors' learning behavior. I develop a rational-expectations model where agents decide (1) whether they want to become informed or not and (2) if informed, how to allocate their limited attention between learning about individual stocks and a systematic risk-factor. Introducing an ETF does not universally increase or decrease learning about systematic risk. If the volatility of the systematic risk-factor is large, risk aversion is high, or the cost of becoming informed is high, introducing the ETF leads investors to devote more attention to the systematic risk-factor. Otherwise, the ETF may lead investors investors to learn more about the individual stocks. I decompose the effect of introducing the ETF into 2 channels: (1) Changes in the share of agents who decide to become informed (2) Re-allocation of attention among informed investors. I then extend the model, allowing an intermediary to buy the underlying stocks and create more shares of the ETF. Finally, I link the model's predictions to empirical evidence on the growth of ETF ownership and less informative stock prices.
Next-Generation Liquid Metal Batteries Based on the Chemistry of Fusible Alloys.

With a long cycle life, high rate capability, and facile cell fabrication, liquid metal batteries are regarded as a promising energy storage technology to achieve better utilization of intermittent...
The role of perceived treatment need in explaining racial/ethnic disparities in the use of substance abuse treatment services

Abstract Objective The current study examined the role of perceived treatment need in explaining racial/ethnic disparities in treatment utilization for a substance use disorder (SUD). Methods We pooled data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey for years 2014–2017. The analytic sample included adult white, Black, and Latino participants with a past-year SUD (n = 16,393). Multivariable logistic regressions examined racial/ethnic disparities in perceived treatment need—the perception of needing mental health and/or SUD treatment services within the past 12 months—and utilization of past-year substance use, mental health, and any treatment. Results Latinos with SUD were less likely to perceive a need for treatment than whites. Black and Latino participants, relative to white participants, had lower odds of past-year treatment utilization, regardless of treatment type. In models stratified by perceived treatment need, racial/ethnic differences in the use of past-year SUD treatment and any treatment service were only significant among persons without a perceived need for treatment. We found no disparities in use of mental health treatment. Conclusions Adults with SUD have low perceived treatment need overall but especially among Latinos. Furthermore, Black and Latino disparities in SUD treatment use may be driven in part by lower perceived need for treatment. Interventions that promote better perceived need and delivery models that strengthen the integration of SUD treatment in mental health services may help to reduce these disparities.