cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thoracic and Abdominal Abnormalities Found on Raw Data Images of Cardiac SPECT

During acquisition of (superscript 99m)Tc labeled perfusion agents or 201TI-thallous chloride (210TI) gated cardiac SPECT the field area covered includes the essential organs of the body, encompassing the organs or tissues of the thorax and the abdomen. 210TI can be localized in benign and malignant lesion, and (superscript 99m)Tc-tetrofosmin is mostly excreted through hepatobiliary system, the raw data images at one hour may be considered as hepatobiliary scintigram using such as (superscript 99m)Tc-Choletec. Thus raw data images of dual isotope or 2-day 99Tc-tetrofosmin cardiac SPECT allow us to view the abnormality in the thorax and/or abdomen. Abnormalities above the diaphragm and chest wall include: (1) malignant or benign lesion(s) in the lungs; (2) pleural effusion; (3) pericardial effusion; (4) diffuse and bilateral pulmonary uptake; (5) sternal uptake in anemia and/or hypoxemia; (6) duodenogastroesophageal reflux; (7) hiatus hernia; (8) lucent lungs; (9) mediastinal tumor: atypical carcinoid tumor; and (10) breast cancer. Abnormalities of the diaphragm may include: (1) elevation of the right diaphragm and (2) displacement of the diaphragm on both sides. Abnormal findings below the diaphragm include: (1) hepatomegaly; (2) splenomegaly; (3) cirrhosis of the liver with ascites; (4) vertebral uptake in anemia and/or hypoxemia; and (5) a focal avascular lesion. It is emphasized that: (1) multiple abnormalities in the thorax and/or abdomen may exist as demonstrated by one patient's raw data images; (2) viewing raw data images should be included as part of cardiac SPECT interpretation; and (3) abnormal findings should also be included in the report to alert clinicians to further investigation if clinically indicated.
Coupling Underwater Superoleophobic Membranes with Magnetic Pickering Emulsions for Fouling-Free Separation of Crude Oil/Water Mixtures: An Experimental and Theoretical Study.

Oil/water separations have become an area of great interest, as growing oil extraction activities are increasing the generation of oily wastewaters as well as increasing the risk of oil spills. Here, we demonstrate a membrane-based and fouling-free oil/water separation method that couples carbon nanotube–poly(vinyl alcohol) underwater superoleophobic ultrafiltration membranes with magnetic Pickering emulsions. We demonstrate that this process is insensitive to low water temperatures, high ionic strength, or crude oil loading, while allowing operation at high permeate fluxes and producing high quality permeate. Furthermore, we develop a theoretical framework that analyzes the stability of Pickering emulsions under filtration mechanics, relating membrane surface properties and hydrodynamic conditions in the Pickering emulsion cake layer to membrane performance. Finally, we demonstrate the recovery and recyclability of the nanomagnetite used to form the Pickering emulsions through a magnetic separation step,...
Synergistic activation of Arg1 gene by retinoic acid and IL-4 involves chromatin remodeling for transcription initiation and elongation coupling

All-trans Retinoic acid (RA) and its derivatives are potent therapeutics for immunological functions including wound repair. However, the molecular mechanism of RA modulation in innate immunity is poorly understood, especially in macrophages. We found that topical application of RA significantly improves wound healing and that RA and IL-4 synergistically activate Arg1, a critical gene for tissue repair, in M2 polarized macrophages. This involves feed forward regulation of Raldh2, a rate-limiting enzyme for RA biosynthesis, and requires Med25 to coordinate RAR, STAT6 and chromatin remodeler, Brg1 to remodel the +1 nucleosome of Arg1 for transcription initiation. By recruiting elongation factor TFIIS, Med25 also facilitates transcriptional initiation-elongation coupling. This study uncovers synergistic activation of Arg1 by RA and IL-4 in M2 macrophages that involves feed forward regulation of RA synthesis and dual functions of Med25 in nucleosome remodeling and transcription initiation-elongation coupling that underlies robust modulatory activity of RA in innate immunity.
The Remediation and Prevention Liability of the Soil Contamination after the Bankruptcy of Enterprises

According to the traditional theory of corporation law,the independent personality of the enterprise does not exist in legal meaning when ot os bankrupted.In this case,the costs of the environmetal violations of the bankrupt enterprises had to be paid by the country,society and people.Soil resources become free in the enterprise business costs.China has so far failed to improve the legal system for the effective regulation of such conduct.The remediation and prevention liability of the soil contamination after the bankruptcy of enterprises has already become a requirement of the bankruptcy law and environmental law from the social practice.
Bilateral vocal cord palsy causing stridor as the only symptom of syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation, a case report

Abstract Introduction Bilateral vocal cord palsy is a condition which has many causes (Gupta et al., 2012) [1] . Syringomyelia is an uncommon condition which describes the formation of fluid filled cavity, occupying the spinal cord (Chang, 2003) [2] . It rarely manifests itself as subacute onset of stridor. Presentation of case We present the case of a three year old female who presented for evaluation of her speech and language delay, when incidentally it was made note of her loud breathing which had previously been managed as bronchiolitis by her general practitioner. In hospital she was found to have a bilateral vocal cord palsy. Further investigation revealed a large syrinx as well as an associated Arnold Chiari 1 malformation, for which she required neurosurgical decompression. Conclusion Although uncommon, formation of a syrinx should be considered for patients who present with stridor and reiterates the importance of MRI as an important investigative tool of bilateral vocal cord palsy.
A Survey of Key Management in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Security has become a primary concern in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The characteristics of MANETs pose both challenges and opportunities in achieving security goals, such as confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availability, access control, and non-repudiation. Cryptographic techniques are widely used for secure communications in wired and wireless networks. Most cryptographic mechanisms, such as symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, often involve the use of cryptographic keys. However, all cryptographic techniques will be ineffective if the key management is weak. Key management is also a central component in MANET security. The purpose of key management is to provide secure procedures for handling cryptographic keying materials. The tasks of key management include key generation, key distribution, and key maintenance. Key maintenance includes the procedures for key storage, key update, key revocation, key archiving, etc. In MANETs, the computational load and complexity for key management are strongly subject to restriction by the node’s available resources and the dynamic nature of network topology. A number of key management schemes have been proposed for MANETs. In this article, we present a survey of the research work on key management in MANETs according to recent literature.
Observation of enhanced photoluminescence in an erbium-doped semiconductor-microdisk resonator

Recently erbium-doped semiconductors have attracted much attention. This is partly because of the fact that the strong intra-4f-shell emission of erbium centers at 1.54 µm coincides with the minimum transmission loss of the silica-based optical fibers. Most Er-doped semiconductors suffer from serious thermal quenching of luminescence in which the luminescence intensity decreases by more than 2 orders of magnitude as the temperature increases from 10 K to room temperature. However, Wang and Wessels1 recently demonstrated that the emission intensity from Er-doped GaP is only weakly temperature dependent, and strong emission from Er centers was observed at room temperature. This observation indicates that Er-doped GaP is a potentially promising optical material for light-emitting or lasing devices operating at 1.54 µm at room temperature.
Vigabatrin-Associated “Acute Encephalopathy”

A 6-month-old girl with Alexander disease and hydrocephalus, treated at Children’s Hospital, Tubingen, Germany, developed acute encephalopathy within 3 days of starting vigabatrin (VGB).
Conceptual design of a small earth reentry vehicle for biological sample return

A conceptual design of an Earth return vehicle is presented with the goal of safely returning biological samples from orbit. Key entry, descent, and landing trade studies were completed at the conceptual level for two different mission scenarios: return from the International Space Station and an autonomous, free-flying vehicle returning from low Earth orbit. The analyses that follow for each key subsystem drove design decisions to create the Biopan Deployment in Orbit for Microgravity Exposure vehicle with the versatility to satisfy both of the aforementioned mission scenarios. The final design features a ballistic entry, a 45 deg sphere–cone aeroshell with a diameter of 88 cm, a phenolic impregnated carbon ablator heat shield with a thickness of 7.7 cm, and a passive landing system containing an 8-m-diam ringsail parachute combined with a 7.8-cm-thick crushable carbon foam. Analysis of the vehicle performance verified survivability of biological samples due to heat and deceleration loads from entry. Tra...
Electrochemical Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Miniemulsion with a Dual Catalytic System

An electrochemical approach was used to control atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl acrylate (BA) in miniemulsion. Electropolymerization required a dual catalytic system, composed of an aqueous phase catalyst and an organic phase catalyst. This allowed shuttling the electrochemical stimulus from the working electrode (WE) to the continuous aqueous phase and to the dispersed monomer droplets. As aqueous phase catalysts, the hydrophilic Cu complexes with the ligands N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxyethylamine (BPMEA), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), and tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) were tested. As organic phase catalysts, the hydrophobic complexes with the ligands bis(2-pyridylmethyl)octadecylamine (BPMODA) and bis[2-(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl)pyridylmethyl]octadecylamine (BPMODA*) were evaluated. Highest rates and best control of BA electropolymerization were obtained with the water-soluble Cu/BPMEA used in combination with the oil-soluble Cu/BPMODA*. The polymerization rate could be further e...
Released Time Religious Education: A Primer

AbstractReleased time religious education has a long history in the United States, but not all programs have been successful, and others have not even been legal! In this article, the legal history and cases involving religious education are explored with particular emphasis on the three prong Lemon test (named for one of the litigants). Practical suggestions for maintaining a robust, legal released time religious education program are also included.
Comparison of the BacT/Alert and Isolator Blood Culture Systems for Recovery of Fungi

The recovery of fungi by the BacT/Alert (Organon Teknika Corporation, Durham, NC) and Isolator (Wampole Laboratories, Cranbury, NJ) blood culture systems was compared by retrospective review of 2,174 matched cultures from 715 patients collected from April 1, 1993 to February 28, 1994. One hundred five isolates were recovered from 44 patients by one or both culture systems. All patients were fungemic with one organism. In all cases of fungemia, collection times for both culture systems were within 6 hours of each other. Of 22 isolates of Candida spp, the Isolator recovered all 22 isolates whereas the BacT/Alert recovered 15 (68.2%) (P <.05). The Isolator detected more isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans (10 of 11) than did the BacT/Alert (7 of 11). All 64 isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum (P <.0001) and 6 isolates of Malassezia furfur (P <.05) were recovered by the Isolator system only. For 20 isolates recovered by both systems for which time to recovery could be determined, the mean time to detection of growth was 2.9 days (range 0-9 days) for the Isolator and 2.1 days (range 0-5 days) for the BacT/Alert. In conclusion, the Isolator blood culture system is superior to BacT/Alert for the detection of fungemia, including fungemias caused by Candida spp. H capsulatum, and M furfur. (Key words : Bact/Alert ; Isolator ; Blood culture ; Fungi) Am Clin Pathol 1995 ;103 :660-662.
Dignity and Children’s Rights

Unless she receives treatment, a thirteen-year old will die from a horrible disease. Her parents object to the treatment due to their beliefs. Their daughter, who was raised in the same religious community, supports her parents’ objections and consents to denial of treatment. The girl’s doctors, however, want to institute treatment. They know they can save her life.
Targeting innate immunity to downmodulate adaptive immunity and reverse type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by specific destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells accompanied by evidence of beta-cell-directed autoimmunity such as autoreactive T cells and islet autoantibodies (IAAs). Currently, T1D cannot be prevented or reversed in humans. T1D is easy to prevent in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) spontaneous mouse model but reversing new-onset T1D in mice is more difficult. Since the discovery of the T-cell receptor in the 1980s and the subsequent identification of autoreactive T cells directed toward beta-cell antigens (eg, insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase), the dream of antigen-specific immunotherapy has dominated the field with its promise of specificity and limited side effects. While such approaches have worked in the NOD mouse, however, dozens of human trials have failed. Broader immunosuppressive approaches (originally cyclosporine, subsequently anti-CD3 antibody) have shown partial successes (e.g., prolonged C peptide preservation) but no major therapeutic efficacy or disease reversal. Human prevention trials have failed, despite the ease of such approaches in the NOD mouse. In the past 50 years, the incidence of T1D has increased dramatically, and one explanation is the "hygiene hypothesis", which suggests that decreased exposure of the innate immune system to environmental immune stimulants (e.g., bacterial products such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-stimulating lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) dramatically affects the adaptive immune system and increases subsequent autoimmunity. We have tested the role of innate immunity in autoimmune T1D by treating acute-onset T1D in NOD mice with anti-TLR4/MD-2 agonistic antibodies and have shown a high rate of disease reversal. The TLR4 antibodies do not directly stimulate T cells but induce tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that mediate decreased adaptive T-cell responses. Here, we review our current knowledge and suggest future prospects for targeting innate immunity in T1D immunotherapy.
Sex Work Criminalization Is Barking Up the Wrong Tree

There is a notable shift toward more repression and criminalization in sex work policies, in Europe and elsewhere. So-called neo-abolitionism reduces sex work to trafficking, with increased policing and persecution as a result. Punitive “demand reduction” strategies are progressively more popular. These developments call for a review of what we know about the effects of punishing and repressive regimes vis-a-vis sex work. From the evidence presented, sex work repression and criminalization are branded as “waterbed politics” that push and shove sex workers around with an overload of controls and regulations that in the end only make things worse. It is illustrated how criminalization and repression make it less likely that commercial sex is worker-controlled, non-abusive, and non-exploitative. Criminalization is seriously at odds with human rights and public health principles. It is concluded that sex work criminalization is barking up the wrong tree because it is fighting sex instead of crime and it is not offering any solution for the structural conditions that sex work (its ugly sides included) is rooted in. Sex work repression travels a dead-end street and holds no promises whatsoever for a better future. To fight poverty and gendered inequalities, the criminal justice system simply is not the right instrument. The reasons for the persistent stigma on sex work as well as for its present revival are considered.
The African Union and the Conflict in Sudan’s Darfur Region

This chapter interrogates the role of the African Union (AU) in the genocidal conflict in Sudan’s Darfur region. The chapter begins by mapping out the roots of the conflict. A major one is the marginalization of the Darfur region in the economic and political spheres of the Sudan. In turn, with all legal-constitutional options for redress blocked, some Darfuris opted to organize various armed groups for the ostensible purpose of fighting the Sudanese government. With regard to the role of the AU, the chapter argues that the organization’s intervention has been ineffective in terms of ending the conflict. The chapter attributes this primarily to the fact that the organization is conflicted in light of the fact that some African governments are also visiting violence on their own people. The chapter then proffers some suggestions for helping to make the AU effective in helping to manage the conflict in Darfur, including the need for what it calls “robust peacemaking,” effective peacekeeping, the imperative of labeling the conflict a genocidal civil war, and the need to impose travel bans and the freezing of the assets of the perpetrators of genocidal acts.
Modeling of Argon Gas Behavior in Continuous Casting of Steel

In continuous casting of steel, argon gas injection is a popular method to reduce nozzle clogging. Multiphase turbulent flow of molten steel with argon gas through complicated-geometry nozzles increases the complexity of the flow dynamics. In this study, these complex multiphase turbulent flow behaviors are simulated in a lab-scale continuous caster using a new hybrid model that involves a Eulerian-Eulerian (EE) model coupled simultaneously with a Discrete Phase Model (DPM). The complex behavior of the argon gas including formation of gas pockets, intermittent shearing off of the gas pockets, volumetric expansion, coalescence and breakup of bubbles, and transport of the bubbles in both the nozzle and mold are all simulated. The model is validated with measurements on a benchmark experiment of liquid-metal argon flow in a laboratory-scale system. This hybrid model is a promising tool to estimate realistic bubble size distributions and multiphase flow in a real caster.
Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Microadenoma: Detection and Evaluation

Eleven women with secondary amenorrhea associated with hyperprolactinemia were studied. Base line hormone evaluations, visual field determinations, and routine sella turcica x-rays were normal. Prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenomas were found in all of the patients only after further diagnostic studies were carried out. These studies included polytomography of the sella turcica; dynamic pituitary testing of growth hormone reserve, adrenocorticotropic hormone reserve, and gonadotropin reserve; and prolactin suppression with L-dopa. The early diagnosis of a small prolactin-secreting adenoma may be possible if several diagnostic criteria are utilized. The most sensitive diagnostic indices available are (1) polytomography, (2) the magnitude of the plasma prolactin elevation, and (3) the failure to suppress prolactin secretion with L-dopa. Our findings emphasize the importance of an extensive evaluation of all women with amenorrhea associated with hyperprolactinemia.
OXYGEN ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT Oxygen electrodes are a critical component in a number of electrochemical energy storage systems now under development. The large voltage losses and limited life of the oxygen electrodes impose serious restrictions on these battery systems. This paper is directed to an assessment of the present understanding of the factors limiting the performance and life of 02 electrodes and the prospects for substantial improvements in the polarization characteristics.
Behavioral and Neurophysiological Investigations of Limulus Polyphemus

Anyone who frequents the beaches along the East Coast of the United States is most likely well acquainted with one of the ocean’s more bizarre inhabitants, the horseshoe crab or Limulus polyphemus. The large size of this arthropod (specimens up to 75 cm long are quite common), its unusual morphology, and its purported phylogenetic antiquity would all seem to make it a fascinating and popular zoological subject. Yet, aside from extensive and well-known research on its large lateral eyes and a moderate amount of work on other receptors, on the heart, and on the neuromuscular apparatus, there is a paucity of information available on the neurological integrative mechanisms and little more than speculation as to how central nervous system properties relate to the transactions the animal must carry on with the world in order to survive.
Double Dissimulation: Counterfeit Disability in Bartholomew Fair

This chapter explores how Ben Jonson uses the counterfeit-disability tradition as a tool for literary and social critique. Jonson stages dissembled disability twice in Bartholomew Fair (1614), only to send it up—and, by extension, mock playwrights like John Marston who employed it. By transporting the counterfeit-disability trope from tragedy to comedy, Jonson makes audience reaction, rather than theatrical action, the real source of spectacle in Bartholomew Fair. This generic translation insists on counterfeit disability’s flaws as both a stage trope and an instrument of audience instruction. Yet, while Jonson critiques the counterfeit-disability tradition, this chapter also illustrates how he uses it both to criticize the systems of power that sought to define disability in early modern England and, simultaneously, to suggest that disability was difficult to detect, always potentially false, and undeserving of charity.
Evaluating financial toxicity (FT) interventions.

e21673Background: FT has been defined as an adverse event of cancer treatments. Several patient (pt)-level interventions have been developed to mitigate FT. However, due to the lack of longitudinal...
Religious service attendance, divorce, and remarriage among U.S. nurses in mid and late life.

Prior research has suggested religious participation can promote marital satisfaction and stability. However, current literature has mainly focused on early life divorce, and used cross-sectional data, leaving open the question of the directionality of effects. We evaluated the prospective associations between service attendance and marital stability in mid and late life considering either 1) divorce or separation; or 2) remarriage, as separate outcomes. Data were drawn from the Nurses’ Health Study, a large prospective cohort study that consisted of US female nurses in their 50s at study enrollment, with repeated measures of service attendance and marital status over 14 years of follow-up from 1996–2010. During follow up, among 66,444 initially married nurses who were mainly Christians, frequent service attendance was associated with 50% lower risk of divorce (95% CI: 32%, 63%), and 52% lower risk of either divorce or separation (95%CI: 37%, 63%). Among initially divorced or separated women, frequent service attendance was not associated with subsequent likelihood of remarriage; however, among widowed women, women who attended services frequently had 49% increased likelihood of remarriage (95% CI: 13%, 97%) compared to those women who did not. The study provides evidence that in this cohort of US nurses, frequent service attendance is associated with lower risk of becoming divorced in mid- and late- life, and increased likelihood of remarriage among widowed nurses, but not among divorced or separated nurses.
Bone and Cancer

Abstract Bone involvement with cancer frequently occurs and is the third most common site for cancer metastasis. Bone is only exceeded by lung, liver, and lymph nodes as a metastatic site for solid tumor metastasis (Fig. 22.1). For example, up to 90% of patients with advanced prostate cancer have bone metastasis, and 60%–70% of breast cancer patients have bone involvement with advanced disease. Bone involvement also occurs with many other cancers, including lung, kidney, and melanomas. In contrast, bone disease is rare in most hematological malignancies except for multiple myeloma (MM), which is the most frequent cancer to involve bone. Among newly diagnosed MM patients, 65% to 70% present with bone involvement and >90% have bone involvement with advanced disease. Cancer in bone is the leading cause of severe pain for patients with advanced malignancies and is the most frequent cause of cancer-related pain. Further, cancer-related bone destruction can cause systemic muscle weakness that increases the risk of falls and can result in fractures that negatively impact performance status, survival, and quality of life. These severe effects of cancer in bone result from the marked dysregulation of the normal bone remodeling process that is induced by cancer cells and results in severe imbalances in bone formation and resorption. This chapter will provide an overview of the mechanisms by which bone metastases develop and affect normal bone homeostasis, present a brief summary of current imaging techniques to evaluate the presence of cancer in bone, discuss the utility of bone resorption markers to detect and follow patients with bone metastasis, and review current treatments for and prevention of bone metastasis.
THE HEART'S HIDDEN FLAW: SYMPTOMATIC POSTEROINFERIOR ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT EVADES DETECTION

Posteroinferior secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is an uncommon congenital cardiac defect. The difficulty of visualizing posterior structures in this variant of ASD make it a diagnostic challenge. A 51-year old male presents with intermittent chest tightness both at rest and with exertion,
Citizen mobilization in digital and analog: when regional planning lands in Marin County, California, is it a carrot or a stick painted orange?

Abstract A new conceptual framework that draws from scholarship in planning, sociology, geography, communications/new media, and political science is applied to examine residents’ activism in fierce opposition and support of regional and local transportation/land use planning in Marin County, San Francisco Bay Area. Citizens confront long-range planning discussions through their expectations, hopes, and fears about the future of an area—a current and projected imaginary be it of an urban, rural, or suburban form or somewhere in between. This imaginary is a vision and understanding for the future that planning can advance or stymy depending upon one’s vantage point. Within this context, I examine how activists and other participants made use of digital communication tools in combination with traditional strategies in their efforts to influence opinion and mobilize action, which I call “hybrid cyber-analog citizenship.” I also examine the challenges that arise when regional planning agencies use fiscal incentives to entice local governments to support plans and projects that advance sustainability. I find that activist responses evolved as issues unfolded. However, the proponents were largely reactive to the opposition. As a result, opponents made significant headway in impacting local planning efforts connected to the regional plan, affiliated policies, and funding incentives.
Autism spectrum disorder: psychological and functional assessment, and behavioral treatment approaches

There have been significant changes in the way Autism has been defined especially in the last decade. The changes encompass criteria over a spectrum rather than individual diagnoses based on clusters of criteria. With these changes, there has been a push for earlier screening and diagnosis to be made to ensure individual impacted by the deficits have ample time and opportunity to receive the services they need. Additionally, with the changes that have come up, screening tools and assessments have also been changed and improved to assist with the increasing demand of early screening. Screeners have been created to help in primary care settings so physicians can gauge the severity of symptoms and refer patients to the appropriate resources. The assessment and diagnostic process for Autism involves a large battery including parental interviews and forms, the ADOS-II, and a multitude of other intellectual assessments to get a full picture of what the individual is experiencing. Once an individual is diagnosed with Autism, the interventionist team, physicians, and clinicians assist the family in finding the appropriate resources and treatment plan. There are several evidence-based therapies that exist that have been effective in improving the quality of life of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnoses. Although several interventions and therapies exist, there are some potential interventions some use that need to more research to know how truly effective they are.
A review of species related to Elachista catalana Parenti (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae: Elachistinae), with descriptions of two new species

The taxonomy of Elachista ( Aphelosetia ) catalana Parenti, 1978 and its relatives is revised. Elachista modesta Parenti, 1978 is considered a valid species, stat. rev. and Elachista zuernbaueri Traugott-Olsen, 1990 is considered a synonym of E. catalana , syn. n. Elachista liskai sp. n. is described from Slovakia, and Elachista vulcana sp. n. from Morocco and Spain.
Temperature dependence of interface-state-phonon-assisted carrier relaxation in CdSe quantum dots

In this work, time-resolved microscopic photoluminescence (PL) spectra of self-assembled CdSe quantum dots (QDs) grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy were investigated under excitation of femto-second laser. Interface-state-phonon (ISP) assisted carrier relaxation in self-assembled CdSe quantum dots are investigated by ultrafast time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). Electrons excited in barriers are found to relax into quantum dots and then have radiative recombination with holes by the mean of ISP assisted relaxation. Temperature dependence of rise time and decay time of time-resolved PL spectra are measured in the temperature range from 77 K to 286 K. The rise time decreases from 76 ps to 32 ps while the decay time first decreases then increases accordingly. The rise time shows exponential decay with the increasing of temperature. The thermal activation temperature for ISP process is deduced to be 184.9 K, corresponding to a thermal activation energy of 16 meV.
Druggability of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Their Virtual Screening Strategy

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) widely exist in nature and have important physiological functionalities in life. They are related to multiple human diseases. Thus, studying IDPs provides new opportunities on drug design. This paper briefly reviewed the research progress of IDPs. Then a new approach was introduced which utilised a software called CAVITY to seek potentially druggable cavities in IDPs and analysed the structural conservation of these cavities. We discover that even if IDPs lack of stable secondary or tertiary structure, the structures of potentially druggable cavity are still able to maintain a good consistency. Finally, this paper discussed the possibilities of IDPs being drug design targets and the rational strategy of drug design on IDPs.
Technology Used in the Prevention and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in the Overhead Athlete

To review the current technology available for the prevention and treatment of shoulder and elbow injuries in the overhead athlete. Shoulder and elbow injuries are common in recreational and high-level overhead athletes. Injury prevention in these athletes include identifying modifiable risk factors, offering effective preventative training programs, and establishing safe return-to-sport criteria. The advent and use of technologies and wearable devices with concomitant development of software and data analytic programs has significantly changed the role of sports technology in injury identification and prevention. Over the last few decades, leveraging new technologies to better understand and treat patients has become an increasing focus of healthcare. Technologies currently being applied to the treatment of the overhead athlete include kinesiotaping, heart rate monitors, accelerometers/gyroscopes, dynamometers/force plates, camera-based monitoring systems (optical motion analysis), and inertial sensor monitoring units. Advances in technology have made it possible to acquire large amounts of data on athletes that may be used to guide treatment and injury prevention programs; however, literature validating the clinical efficacy of many of these technologies is limited. Further research is needed to continue to allow team physicians to provide better, cost-efficient, and individualized care to the overhead athlete using technology.
STRATEGIC PROTOTYPING TO LEARN IN STANFORD UNIVERSITY'S ME310 DESIGN INNOVATION COURSE

Through a strategic learning process, prototypes unveil design directions. We provide a review of prototyping methods for novice designers to study and pedagogical practice for capstone design course faculty to juxtapose. Stanford University's ME310 graduate-level project-based learning course introduces students to various prototyping design techniques, such as Needfinding and Benchmarking, and prototyping methods, such as the Critical Experience Prototype, Critical Function Prototype, Dark Horse Prototype, Part-X is Finished, Funky System Prototype, and Functional System Prototype.
Lead minerals found in drinking water distribution systems increase chlorine dioxide decay to a single inorganic product

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), an alternative disinfectant to free chlorine, has been used to reduce the formation of organic disinfection byproducts during water treatment. ClO2 is highly reactive, and its decay is enhanced in the presence of lead oxide (PbO2), lead carbonate (PbCO3), and cupric oxide (CuO), minerals commonly found in the corrosion scale on distribution system pipes. Reaction of these corrosion minerals with chlorine dioxide and the byproducts created during said reactions were investigated. In addition to corrosion mineral, initial concentration of ClO2 and pH were both varied. Reaction took place in a batch reactor, ClO2 was measured via ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and byproducts were quantified using ion chromatography. Only chlorite is produced from ClO2 decay when lead minerals are present, whereas both chlorite and chlorate are produced by disproportionation when CuO is present. ClO2 decay occurs at a significantly higher rate on PbO2 compared to CuO. The reaction rate for ClO2 decay, in the presence of PbO2, peaks at pH 8.3, which corresponds to the point of zero charge of PbO2. This indicates that surface charge may play a significant role in lead mineral-assisted decay reactions with disinfectants, including ClO2. The reaction rate dependence for ClO2 decay on PbO2 is well described by a pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model. These findings highlight the need for chlorite, but not chlorate, byproduct management when ClO2 is used as a disinfectant in water distribution systems with lead-based pipes. Robust strategies for management of a chlorine dioxide residual must be implemented in both copper and lead-based service lines to ensure a disinfectant persists and protects against microbial contamination in premise plumbing.
Data centering in feature space.

This paper presents a family of methods for data translation in feature space, to be used in conjunction with kernel machines. The translations are performed using only kernel evaluations in input space. We use the methods to improve the numerical properties of kernel machines. Experiments with synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectivenes of data centering and highlight other interesting aspects of translation in feature space.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a diagnostic tool for many conditions affecting the central nervous system. Urgent indications for lumbar puncture include suspected central nervous system infection or subarachnoid hemorrhage. CSF analysis is not necessarily diagnostic but can be useful in the evaluation of other neurologic conditions, such as spontaneous intracranial hypotension, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and malignancy. Bacterial meningitis has a high mortality rate and characteristic effects on CSF white blood cell counts, CSF protein levels, and the CSF:serum glucose ratio. CSF culture can identify causative organisms and antibiotic sensitivities. Viral meningitis can present similarly to bacterial meningitis but usually has a low mortality rate. Adjunctive tests such as CSF lactate measurement, latex agglutination, and polymerase chain reaction testing can help differentiate between bacterial and viral causes of meningitis. Immunocompromised patients may have meningitis caused by tuberculosis, neurosyphilis, or fungal or parasitic infections. Subarachnoid hemorrhage has a high mortality rate, and rapid diagnosis is key to improve outcomes. Computed tomography of the head is nearly 100% sensitive for subarachnoid hemorrhage in the first six hours after symptom onset, but CSF analysis may be required if there is a delay in presentation or if imaging findings are equivocal. Xanthochromia and an elevated red blood cell count are characteristic CSF findings in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis can mimic central nervous system infection. It has a poor prognosis, and large-volume CSF cytology is diagnostic.
Evidence for Deleterious Antigenic Imprinting in SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response

A previous report demonstrated the strong association between the presence of antibodies binding to an epitope region from SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, termed Ep9, and COVID-19 disease severity. Patients with anti-Ep9 antibodies (Abs) had hallmarks of antigenic imprinting (AIM), including early IgG upregulation and cytokine-associated injury. Thus, the immunological memory of a previous infection was hypothesized to drive formation of suboptimal anti-Ep9 Abs in severe COVID-19 infections. This study identifies a putative primary antigen capable of stimulating production of cross-reactive, anti-Ep9 Abs. Binding assays with patient blood samples directly show cross-reactivity between Abs binding to Ep9 and only one bioinformatics-derived, homologous potential antigen, a sequence derived from the neuraminidase protein of H3N2 Influenza A virus. This cross-reactive binding is highly influenza strain specific and sensitive to even single amino acid changes in epitope sequence. The neuraminidase protein is not present in the influenza vaccine, and the anti-Ep9 Abs likely resulted from the widespread influenza infection in 2014. Therefore, AIM from a previous infection could underlie some cases of COVID-19 disease severity. Importance Infections with SARS-COV-2 result in diverse disease outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. The mechanisms underlying different disease outcomes remain largely unexplained. Previously, our laboratory identified a strong association between the presence of an antibody and increased disease severity in a subset of COVID-19 patients. Here, we report that this severity-associated antibody cross-reacts with viral proteins from an influenza A viral strain from 2014. Therefore, we speculate that antibodies generated against previous infections, like the 2014 influenza A, play a significant role in directing some peoplesâ€™ immune responses against SARS-COV-2. Such understanding of the sources and drivers of COVID-19 disease severity can help early identification and pre-emptive treatment.
Chapter 149 – Learning

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the learning process of insects. Learning involves an enduring change in behavior with experience, the change usually progressing gradually with continued experience to some asymptote. Learned behavior is often modified by novel experiences, and effects of experience eventually wane if not reinforced. Learning can be categorized as nonassociative or associative. Nonassociative learning includes habituation and sensitization. Habituation involves the waning of a response to a stimulus upon repeated presentation of that stimulus. Associative learning involves pairing a stimulus with another stimulus, or with a motor pattern, such that the response to the first stimulus is altered as a consequence of the pairing. Associative learning is typically evaluated in two kinds of paradigms: classical, Pavlovian, conditioning, and instrumental conditioning. Additionally, in a sense, the function of associative learning is obvious. Animals learn by association to orient toward stimuli predicting positively rewarding resources such as sugar, pollen, food plants, hosts, and away from stimuli predicting negatively rewarding events, shock, heat, toxins, predators. Likewise, habituation is a means for reducing energy-wasteful, time-consuming responses to meaningless stimuli. In either case, however, learning is needed only if the appropriate responses cannot be predicted without benefit of experience, else an insect could respond (or not respond) innately.
Pathology of Cytomegalovirus Infection

The history and practice of the pathology of CMV infection has until recently been dominated by cytomegaly, the large giant cells with type A intranuclear inclusion (Cowdry, 1934). The classical pathology of C.I.D. is well described in standard texts, particularly Seifert and Oehme (1957), and is not repeated here in detail. In acute neonatal and adult infections, CMV has been detected by morphological means in a wide variety of organs, including the salivary glands, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, eye, ear, placenta, alimentary tract, heart, ovaries, anterior pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid, brain, and skin (Seifert and Ohme, 1957; Rosen and Hajdu, 1971; Stagno et al., 1977c).
Iranians and their pride: modalities of political sovereignty (abstract)

In 2000, we asked a nationally representative sample of 2,532 Iranian adults “which of the following best describes you: I am an Iranian, above all; I am a Muslim, above all; I am an Arab, a Kurd, a Turk, a Baluch, etc., above all?” We also asked them how proud they are to be Iranian; (1) very proud, (2) proud, (3) not proud, and (4) not proud at all. In the 2005 survey of a nationally representative sample of 2,667 Iranian adults, we asked these questions again. The first question was intended to measure national identity and the second national pride. The results showed that between the two surveys the percent of Iranians who defined themselves as “Iranians, above all” went up significantly-from 35% in 2000 to 42% in 2005. Those who said that they were very proud to be Iranian, on the other hand, went down considerably-from 89% in 2000 to 64% in 2005. What is more, national identity and national pride displayed opposing relationships with the norms and values that were rigorously promoted by Iran's religious regime and these relationships grew stronger between 2000 and 2005. The feeling of national pride was positively linked to attitudes toward gender inequality, religiosity, and religious intolerance, but negatively to attitudes toward the West, while national identity had just the opposite relationships with these variables. These findings have implications not only for theories of political sovereignty but for understanding and predicting the regime's behavior as well. The pertinent theories are predominantly concerned with national sovereignty, which is a special case of political sovereignty, where the sovereignty is territorial. Given that a shift in the identity of Iranians from Islam to the nation entails weakening support for the regime's culture, the sovereignty the regime claims is not national in a strict territorial sense. In fact, since its emergence, the behavior of the Islamic regime has not been dictated by concerns for the country's national interests but by the desire to defend and propagate the faith, which the regime has consistently interpreted in terms of an anti-Western clergy-centered Shi'i revolutionary discourse. It is thus plausible to argue that the nation and the religion form the bases for competing modalities of political sovereignty among Iranians. The regime, however, mobilizes support for its cultural values through the provocation of national pride. We develop structural modeling in order to test the relation of national identity and national pride to various indicators of the regime culture.
Understanding hydraulic mounts for improved vehicle noise, vibration and ride qualities

Utilisation de supports hydrauliques de moteurs pour reduire le bruit et les vibrations des vehicules et ameliorer le confort de conduite
Transcriptional profiling of vaccine-induced immune responses in humans and non-human primates

There is an urgent need for pre‐clinical and clinical biomarkers predictive of vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy and safety to reduce the risks and costs associated with vaccine development. Results emerging from immunoprofiling studies in non‐human primates and humans demonstrate clearly that (i) type and duration of immune memory are largely determined by the magnitude and complexity of the innate immune signals and (ii) genetic signatures highly predictive of B‐cell and T‐cell responses can be identified for specific vaccines. For vaccines with similar composition, e.g. live attenuated viral vaccines, these signatures share common patterns. Signatures predictive of vaccine efficacy have been identified in a few experimental challenge studies. This review aims to give an overview of the current literature on immunoprofiling studies in humans and also presents some of our own data on profiling of licensed and experimental vaccines in non‐human primates.
Superstable and Unstable Theories of Order

The main theorem in section one of this note is a sufficient condition on a theory of an order of finite height that ensures superstability. A characterization of the types over a model of such a theory is also given. In the second section examples of finite height orders of dimension two with unstable theories are given. As a corollary, we define a set of finite orders which provide a sufficient condition for the instability of an order of finite height.
Model-based stereo with occlusions

This paper addresses the recovery of face models from stereo pairs of images in the presence of foreign-body occlusions. In the proposed approach, a 3D morphable model (3DMM) for faces is augmented by an occlusion map defined on the model shape, and occlusion is detected with minimal computational overhead by incorporating robust estimators in the fitting process. Additionally, the method uses an explicit model for texture (or reflectance) in addition to shape, which is in contrast to most existing multi-view methods that use a shape model alone. We argue that both model components are required to handle certain classes of occluders, and we present empirical results to support this claim. In fact, the empirical results in this paper suggest that even in the absence of occlusions, stereo reconstruction using existing shape-only face models can perform poorly by some measures, and that the inclusion of an explicit texture model may be worth its computational expense.