cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antepartum fetal surveillance in the patient with decreased fetal movement

Whenever a patient has the subjective perception of decreased fetal movement, prompt evaluation in the form of antepartum fetal surveillance has been undertaken. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience with 489 pregnant women who came between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1985 to our Antepartum Fetal Surveillance Clinic with this complaint alone or in association with another indication for fetal surveillance. Overall, 838 nonstress tests were performed, and the results were reactive, 93.2%; nonreactive, 6.8%; and fetal heart rate decelerations, 6.1 %. Comparison of the first nonstress test results between those with decreased fetal movement alone or in combination with another diagnosis demonstrated a similar incidence of nonreactivity and fetal heart rate decelerations. In those patients whose indication was decreased fetal movement alone, there was a 3.7 times greater likelihood of diminished amniotic fluid volume. When the last test within 7 days of delivery was analyzed, the decreased fetal movement alone group had a lower incidence of cesarean delivery, cesarean delivery for fetal distress, and Apgar scores
Top Tens in 2010: Patent, Trademark, Copyright and Trade Secret Cases

This piece discusses notable intellectual property decisions in 2010 in the United States. Viewed across doctrinal lines, some interesting threads emerge. The scope of protection was at issue in each area, such as whether human genes and business methods are patentable, whether a product idea may be a trade secret, and where the constitutional limits on copyright legislation lie. Secondary liability remains widely litigated, as rights holders seek both deep pocket defendants and a means to cut off individual infringers. The courts applied slightly different standards as to the state of mind required for secondary liability. Many of the cases involved disputes between hiring and hired parties, over the ownership of intellectual property rights:professors and universities contesting rights to federally funded inventions; an artist seeking to prevent a museum from showing an unfinished commissioned work; a party that commissioned a sculpture, but without obtaining the copyright, relying on fair use to exploit derivative works; entrepreneurs disputing how to apply the work-made-for-hire doctrine in the informal context of a start-up business; and a company hiring a competitor’s employees to reverse engineer its trade secrets. A number of cases concerned the relationship between intangible rights and physical property: liability for false patent marking, attempts to limit a biotech patent to the sample submitted to show possession of the invention, seeking trademark protection for the shape of a round beach towel, and sales of second hand software on eBay.
Seasonal patterns of tissue biomass and densities of symbiotic dinoflagellates in reef corals and relation to coral bleaching

Tissue biomass (ash-free dry weight) and symbiotic dinoflagellates (density, chlorophyll a cell 21 or cm 22 of coral surface area) of five species of reef-building corals were monitored seasonally for up to 4 yr at three different depths in the Bahamas. The lowest values of all tissue biomass and algal symbiont parameters occurred during the late summer‐fall sample periods. In contrast, the highest densities and pigment content of symbionts usually occurred during the winter, whereas tissue biomass peaked most often in the spring, the time lag implying a functional relationship between these variables. Corals living in shallow water often (but not always) had higher levels of all parameters measured compared to deeper corals, except chlorophyll a content, which usually displayed the opposite trend. The results show that corals from all depths exhibited bleaching (loss of symbiotic dinoflagellates and/or their pigments) every year, regardless of whether they appeared white, tan, or mottled to the human eye. We speculate that these patterns are driven by seasonal changes in light and temperature on algal and animal physiology. Furthermore, we hypothesize that all tropical reef-building corals, world-wide, exhibit similar predictable cycles in their tissue biomass and symbiotic algae.
Point-of-care echocardiography in the accountable care organization era.

### Disruptive Innovation? Portable Ultrasound Systems Technological advances over the past 2 decades have made ultrasound equipment quite portable, with functionality and image quality similar to high-end ultrasound systems used in dedicated imaging laboratories.1 Echocardiography and vascular laboratories are using these portable ultrasound machines to perform studies on patients who are unable to travel to the imaging laboratory. The same equipment now enables other healthcare providers to perform ultrasound examinations at the point of care (POC), that is, ultrasound examinations performed and interpreted at the bedside in real time. At present, the most commonly used devices for POC ultrasonography include portable, cart-based machines that are smaller and lighter than traditional systems, while offering the same features as larger ultrasound systems.2 The cart-based machines are often equipped with batteries and have bootup times as short as 15 seconds. Although a wide range of cart-based ultrasound systems is currently available, these systems have demonstrated adequate image quality to answer focused POC questions, even in patients with obesity or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.3,4 More recently, pocket-size ultrasound devices have been developed by various vendors. These devices have sizes approaching those of smart phones and are equipped with a battery and a single transducer. Although these devices currently do not have advanced features such as spectral or tissue doppler, they allow for gray-scale imaging (B-mode) and color-flow Doppler and are capable of recording both still images and video clips.1 These attributes, along with their low cost, allow providers to use these devices like a stethoscope of the future and arguably places them in a disruptive technology category.5 In a recent study comparing the accuracy of a pocket-size ultrasound device with high-end ultrasound systems in 349 patients, concordance with respect to regional wall motion, ejections fraction, and left ventricular (LV) dimensions was very good …
5 Turnover and Retention Research: A Glance at the Past, a Closer Review of the Present, and a Venture into the Future

Given the extensive research on the topic of voluntary employee turnover in the past decade as well as new managerial approaches to employee retention, labor market dynamism, and evolution in research methodology and technology, it is important that researchers evaluate the current state of the field. In
Translational regulation of ANG II type 1 receptors in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells.

The current study examined angiotensin receptor (ATR) regulation in proliferating rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in culture. Radioligand competition analysis coupled with RNase pro...
3D Human Limb Detection using Space Carving and Multi-View Eigen Models

In this paper, we integrate space carving and eigen detection methods to develop a bottom-up 3D human limb detector. We model the body in terms of its constituent body parts; here we focus on the head, lower arms, upper arms and calves. For each body part, we build a multi-view eigen model that combines image views from multiple calibrated cameras. This approach is much more constraining than the conventional multiple single-view eigen models and provides coarse 3D pose information. We use ideas from space carving using multiple silhouette images to constrain the volume of our search for the body part locations. We have applied the method to detect the body parts of a subject in long test sequences. The approach provides bottom-up in-formation that supports the automatic initialization of a full 3D human body model.
Analysis of current data on the use of methotrexate in the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid

Methotrexate (MTX) is primarily used in the treatment of malignancies. It has also been used as an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid. The objective of this study was to determine the role of MTX in the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid based on an analysis of the available literature. A retrospective analysis of the English language literature was conducted. The studies included in this analysis were required to fulfil the following inclusion criteria: English language; diagnosis based on histology and immunopathology; minimum of five patients in each series; and data for efficacy, spectrum of responses and follow-up. A total of 136 patients with pemphigus were reported in seven studies. One hundred and eleven of the 136 patients (82%) showed clinical improvement with MTX. A total of 79 patients with pemphigoid were reported in six studies. Overall, 74 of the 79 patients (94%) showed clinical improvement. Nausea and infection were the most common side-effects. Death due to MTX resulted in seven of 215 patients (3%). There is a lack of randomized controlled trials. In many studies in this review there was insufficient information on clinical follow-up post-therapy and on serological correlations. Analysis of the data suggests that MTX may be useful and effective in patients with pemphigus vulgaris, who are corticosteroid dependent or who develop significant complications in relation to corticosteroids. MTX is likely to be more beneficial in patients with pemphigoid, particularly in bullous pemphigoid, than in patients with pemphigus. Given the limitations of the available data, it appears that when there is a need for adjuvant therapy, MTX may be considered early in the management of moderate to moderately severe disease.
Prevalence of intraatrial thrombus in patients with atrial flutter

In summary, left atrial thrombus occurs with disproportionately high frequency in patients hospitalized with atrial flutter. Male gender and a left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% are predictors of left atrial thrombus formation in such patients.
Salt River Project Canal Automation Pilot Project: Simulation Tests

The feasibility of automatically controlling water levels and deliveries on the Salt River Project (SRP) canal system through computer-based algorithms is being investigated. The proposed control system automates and enhances functions already performed by SRP operators, namely feedforward routing of scheduled demand changes, feedback control of downstream water levels, and flow control at check structures. Performance of the control system was tested with unsteady flow simulation. Test scenarios were defined by the operators for a 30 km, four-pool canal reach. The tests considered the effect of imperfect knowledge of check gate head-discharge relationships. The combined feedback-feedforward controller easily kept water level deviations close to the target when dealing with routine, scheduled flow changes. Those same routine changes, when unscheduled, were handled effectively by the feedback controller alone. The combined system had greater difficulty in dealing with large demand changes, especially if unscheduled. Because feedback flow changes are computed independently of feedforward changes, the feedback controller tends to counteract feedforward control actions. The effect is unimportant when dealing with routine flow changes but is more significant when dealing with large changes, especially in cases where the demand change cannot be fully anticipated.
mActive: A Randomized Clinical Trial of an Automated mHealth Intervention for Physical Activity Promotion

Background We hypothesized that a fully automated mobile health (mHealth) intervention with tracking and texting components would increase physical activity. Methods and Results mActive enrolled smartphone users aged 18 to 69 years at an ambulatory cardiology center in Baltimore, Maryland. We used sequential randomization to evaluate the intervention9s 2 core components. After establishing baseline activity during a blinded run‐in (week 1), in phase I (weeks 2 to 3), we randomized 2:1 to unblinded versus blinded tracking. Unblinding allowed continuous access to activity data through a smartphone interface. In phase II (weeks 4 to 5), we randomized unblinded participants 1:1 to smart texts versus no texts. Smart texts provided smartphone‐delivered coaching 3 times/day aimed at individual encouragement and fostering feedback loops by a fully automated, physician‐written, theory‐based algorithm using real‐time activity data and 16 personal factors with a 10 000 steps/day goal. Forty‐eight outpatients (46% women, 21% nonwhite) enrolled with a mean±SD age of 58±8 years, body mass index of 31±6 kg/m 2 , and baseline activity of 9670±4350 steps/day. Daily activity data capture was 97.4%. The phase I change in activity was nonsignificantly higher in unblinded participants versus blinded controls by 1024 daily steps (95% confidence interval [CI], −580 to 2628; P =0.21). In phase II, participants receiving texts increased their daily steps over those not receiving texts by 2534 (95% CI, 1318 to 3750; P P Conclusions An automated tracking‐texting intervention increased physical activity with, but not without, the texting component. These results support new mHealth tracking technologies as facilitators in need of behavior change drivers. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://ClinicalTrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT01917812.
Nuclear Levels in Sr 88 from the Disintegration of Rb 88 and Y 88

The nuclear level structure of ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$ has been studied through the gamma radiation following the decays of 17.8-minute ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{88}$ and 104-day ${\mathrm{Y}}^{88}$. Gamma rays from ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{88}$ with energies of 0.909\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004, 1.39, 1.850\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008, 2.11, 2.68, 3.01, 3.24, 3.52, 3.68, and 4.87 Mev have been resolved and fitted into a level scheme with the assistance of coincidence spectroscopy using cylindrical 3-inch\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3-inch NaI(Tl) crystals. The intensity of the ground state beta ray transition from ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{88}$ was determined by comparing the total beta ray activity to the intensity of the 1.85-Mev gamma ray. It was found that 75.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.0 percent of the decays are directly to the ground state. From the gamma-ray intensities, the comparative half-lives of all the beta groups could be determined and, thus, parity assignments were made to all the levels. The relative intensities of gamma rays leaving the same level is discussed in relation to single-particle transition probabilities.
Evaluation of formal methods tools applied to a 6U CubeSat attitude control system

Exhaustive test of complex and autonomous systems is intractable and cost prohibitive; however, incorporating formal methods analysis throughout the system design process provides a means to identify faults as they are introduced and drastically reduce the overall system development cost. Software errors on fielded spacecraft have resulted in catastrophic faults that could have been prevented had formal methods been applied to the system design. In this research, formal methods, such as model checking and limited theorem proving, are applied to the requirements, architecture, and model development phases of the design process of a reaction wheel attitude control system for a 6U CubeSat. The results show that while feasible, several gaps exist in the capability of formal methods analysis tools. The tools are capable of expressing and analyzing some of the properties of the system, but more work is needed to properly address inherent nonlinearities in complex systems.
Superfluorescence in Distyryl Benzene Single Crystals

Laser action has been detected in distyryl benzene thin films and single crystals. Whereas amplified spontaneous emission prevails in thin films, we found however, that super-fluorescence dominates the stimulated emission in single crystals.
A pseudo non-linear method for fast simulations of ultrasonic reverberation

There is growing evidence that reverberation is a primary mechanism of clinical image degradation. This has led to a number of new approaches to suppress reverberation, including our recently proposed model-based algorithm. The algorithm can work well, but it must be trained to reject clutter, while preserving the signal of interest. One way to do this is to use simulated data, but current simulation methods that include multipath scattering are slow and do not readily allow separation of clutter and signal. Here, we propose a more convenient pseudo non-linear simulation method that utilizes existing linear simulation tools like Field II. The approach functions by linearly simulating scattered wavefronts at shallow depths, and then time-shifting these wavefronts to deeper depths. The simulation only requires specification of the first and last scatterers encountered by a multiply reflected wave and a third point that establishes the arrival time of the reverberation. To maintain appropriate 2D correlation, this set of three points is fixed for the entire simulation and is shifted as with a normal linear simulation scattering field. We show example images, and we compute first order speckle statistics as a function of scatterer density. We perform ex vivo measures of reverberation where we find that the average speckle SNR is 1.73, which we can simulate with 2 reverberation scatterers per resolution cell. We also compare ex vivo lateral speckle statistics to those from linear and pseudo non-linear simulation data. Finally, the van Cittert-Zernike curve was shown to match empirical and theoretical observations.
Analysis on HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Dinghai island in the past ten years

Objective To explore HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics and change trend in Dinghai district so as to provide scientific basis for controlling the transmission of HIV/AIDS.Methods Epidemiological investigation and analysis was made of every HIV/AIDS case in Dinghai district from 1998 to 2007.Results 37 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Dinghai district in the past ten years,of which 7 cases developed AIDS and 2 cases died. There were three infection ways,and 70.3% were infected with sexual contact.4infection epidemic situation happened among family members,including 10 cases of HIV.HIV/AIDS epidemic was divided into two phases,scattered cases from 1997 to 2002 and cases on the rise from 2003 to 2007.The main diagnosis way of HIV/AIDS was passive monitoring,which accounted for 81.1% of all cases.Most of the infected were young adults aged 20 to 39 years old(73.0%).The ratio of male over female was 1.8 to 1.89.1% of them were junior high school and lower education.59.5% of them were floating population.51.4% of them were married,while 29.7% of them were unmarried.The majority of them were Han nationality(83.8%),and they are from different walks of life.Conclusion At present,HIV/AIDS is at a low epidemic level in Dinghai district,but the infection trend is still on the speedy rise,and infection epidemic situation among family members is serious.The high ratio of discovery and disappearance has caused menace to local inhabitants.We should expand breadth of initiative monitoring to focus groups of HIV/AIDS,and strengthen health education and behavior intervention to high-risk populations of HIV/AIDS,then effectively control the floating HIV/AIDS,so as to prevent and control HIV/AIDS epidemic.
The Cause of the Semi Effectiveness of "Automatic Stabilizer":An Analysis of Chinese Asymmetrical Feature of Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure

This paper makes a research on the fiscal "automatic stabilizer" and finds that:On the one hand,the fiscal income behaves with a pro-cyclical feature,and the economic growth or recession is accompanied with the up and down of the fiscal income,indicating that the fiscal income is a strong automatic stabilizer.On the other hand,the fiscal expenditure behaves with an asymmetric feature,and the economic expansion accompanied by the rapid increase of fiscal expenditure may lead to the risk of overheating economy.But there is a strongly inverse relationship between the central government spending and the economic growth,which helps to smooth the economic fluctuation.As a result,the fiscal automatic stabilizer shows a feature of semi effectiveness in the stabilization of economy.
Negotiating voice in translingual literacies: from literacy regimes to contact zones

ABSTRACTVoice in mobile texts has received attention lately among scholars in literacy, sociolinguistics, and rhetoric. Some sociolinguists of globalisation have argued that uptake is shaped by the norms of each literacy regime. Though texts of non-western communities will gain positive uptake in local literacy regimes according to their own norms and resources, they are considered silenced in translocal contexts where elite norms and resources are legitimised. In this article, we analyse the ways in which a Japanese student and her instructor negotiated voice in an American university-level writing course. The case study, deriving from teacher research, shows how both the instructor and the student negotiated uptake for a voice that merged the resources from the student’s own cultural background and the dominant conventions of academic literacies. What made this translingual textual realisation possible was the design of the classroom as a contact zone, along the definition of Mary Louise Pratt. Such a p...
Conditional immortalization of bicarbonate-secreting intercalated cells from rabbit

We have derived an immortalized cell line from primary cultures of bicarbonate-secreting intercalated cells from rabbit. Cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding a temperature-sensitive large T antigen of SV40 plus the neomycin resistance gene under the control of an SV40 promoter. Transfectants were selected for resistance to G418. One stably transfected clone, designated IC250, was subcloned to ensure clonality, and a subclone (clone C) was characterized in detail. The cells divide continuously at permissive temperature. At restrictive temperature, they cease dividing and assume morphological and transport properties of true bicarbonate-secreting intercalated cells. They express appropriate ultrastructural features, bind peanut lectin in an apical pattern, are rich in carbonic anhydrase, stain for proton-adenosinetriphosphatase in a basolateral pattern, and do not stain with antibodies to erythrocyte band 3. Most monolayers of transformed type B intercalated cells do not achieve a significant transepithelial resistance; those monolayers that are sufficiently electrically tight for electrophysiological studies are capable of chloride-dependent bicarbonate transport.
Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on urine flow and glomerular filtration during acute renal allograft rejection

Abstract The effect of exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on urine excretion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during acute renal allograft rejection was evaluated in a canine model. Eight animals underwent simultaneous allotransplantation and unilateral native nephrectomy. No pre-operative or postoperative immunosuppressive therapy was given. Acute renal function studies were performed on the allografts and companion, native kidneys following surgical exposure and mobilization on the third postoperative day. At reexploration, the allografts were found to be grossly enlarged (138 ± 10 gm.) and contained moderate-to-marked perivascular interstitial infiltration. Glomerular filtration rate, determined by measurement of urinary inulin clearance, was significantly reduced from prenephrectomy baseline values (19 ± 4 ml. per minute versus 32 ± 5 ml. per minute, p
MULTIVARIABLE CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE MONITORING

In this paper we give a critical overview of recent development in MIMO control performance monitoring. We discuss a number of MIMO control benchmarks including minimum variance, LQG, and user selected benchmarks. Performance measures are extended from variance based measures in SISO control to covariance based measures in MIMO control. Pros and cons of various benchmarks are discussed. The diagnosis of poor control performance relative to a benchmark is a major focus of the paper. We argue that in the MIMO setting worst performance directions should be analyzed from data to yield meaningful diagnosis information. Therefore, multivariate statistics should be applied for the diagnosis of worst performance directions, much like its use in multivariate process monitoring.
Joint reconstruction of activity and attenuation using MR-based priors: Application to clinical TOF PET/MR

Attenuation correction is critical to accurate PET quantitation. However, it is challenging to extract accurate attenuation from MR data because of distinct physics of MR and PET. The goal of this study is to achieve robust and accurate attenuation correction in PET/MR. We combine an MR-segmentation based approach and a joint estimation approach synergistically by using an MR-segmentation based attenuation map as an MR-based prior for joint estimation. We evaluate the joint estimation algorithm with MR-based priors using time-of-flight (TOF) PET/MR clinical data. It is demonstrated that the joint estimation method using MR-based priors can recover the attenuation of metal implants, internal air cavities and bones in a robust way.
What actually is the Münch hypothesis? A short history of assimilate transport by mass flow

In the 1920s, the German forestry scientist Ernst Munch postulated that photo-assimilate transport is a mass flow driven by osmotically induced pressure gradients between source organs (high turgor) and sink organs (lower turgor). Two crucial components of Munch's hypothesis, the translocation by mass flow from sources to sinks and the osmotic mechanism of pressure flow, were established notions at the time, but had been developed by two institutionally separated groups of scholars. A conceptual separation of whole-plant biology from cellular physiology had followed the institutional separation of forestry science from botany in German-speaking central Europe during the so-called Humboldtian reforms, and was reinforced by the delayed institutionalization of plant physiology as an academic discipline. Munch did not invent a novel concept, but accomplished an integration of the organism-focused and the cell-focused research traditions, reducing the polarization that had evolved when research universities emerged in central Europe. Post-Munch debates about the validity of his hypothesis focused increasingly on the suitability of available research methodologies, especially the electron microscope and the proper interpretation of the results it produced. The present work reconstructs the influence of the dynamic scientific and non-scientific context on the history of the Munch hypothesis.
Do Children Learn Letter Writing from Their Names? Examining the Relations between Head Start Children's Writing Skills and Name-Specific Letter Knowledge.

ABSTRACTThis study assessed 266 young children’s (mean age = 55.41 months, SD = 4.70 month) writing skills (name writing and letter writing), and decoding skills (letter knowledge, letter-word identification, and phonological awareness), and investigated whether children learn letter writing from their own names, and whether children’s gender is related to their early writing. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses show that among children who wrote recognizable letters in both name writing and letter writing tasks, children wrote a significantly higher percentage of dictated name letters than non-name letters. Letter knowledge was related to both name writing and letter writing skills. There was evidence that once children had developed basic writing skills, earlier gender differences in writing skills were no longer significant. This study provides support for the classroom instructions that integrate children’s own names and decoding knowledge into writing activities.
Coping, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes

An essential component of achieving, restoring, and sustaining psychological well-being is the ability to adapt to the challenges and obstacles of life. In this chapter, we review the literature on coping and emotion regulation as processes by which individuals respond to situational demands, and in particular, negative events. We first define coping and emotion regulation in their historical and theoretical contexts. Then, we review evidence on the roles of intrapersonal coping and emotion regulation in psychological well-being, emphasizing key distinctions between avoidant and approach-oriented strategies as typically maladaptive and adaptive, respectively. Next, we examine the role of social relationships in the processes and outcomes of coping and emotion regulation, including the important roles of social support and intimate relationships in adjustment to negative events such as physical illness. We conclude with a discussion of current issues in the field, including future directions involving individual differences, culture, and biological processes. The reviewed evidence is clear: how people cope with external challenges and emotional demands—and increasingly, how coping and emotion regulation are embedded in rich, complex social contexts—play central roles in psychological well-being.
Comparison of the CHA2DS2-VASc, CHADS2, HAS-BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA Risk Scores in Predicting Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants-Associated Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

The increasing adoption of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) necessitates a reassessment of bleeding risk scores. Because known risk factors for bleeding are largely the same as for stroke, we hypothesize that stroke risk scores could also be used to identify patients with high bleeding risks. We aimed to compare the performance of 2 stroke risk scores (Congestive Heart failure, hypertension, Age ≥75 [doubled], Diabetes, Stroke [doubled], Vascular disease, Age 65–74, and Sex [female] [CHA2DS2-VASc] and Cardiac failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, Stroke [Doubled] [CHADS2]) and 3 bleeding risk scores (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function [1 point each], stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR, elderly [.65 years], drugs/alcohol concomitantly [1 point each] [HAS-BLED], Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation [ORBIT], and AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation [ATRIA]) in predicting major and intracranial bleeding. Using a large US commercial insurance database, we identified 39,539 patients with nonvalvular AF who started NOACs between October 1, 2010 and June 30, 2015. The performance of risk scores was compared using C-statistic and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Over a total of 22,583 person-years, 665 patients (2.94% per year) had major bleeding, including 74 intracranial hemorrhages (0.33% per year). For the prediction of major bleeding, CHA2DS2-VASc had the highest C-statistic both as a continuous score (C-statistic 0.68) and as a categorical score (C-statistic 0.65). For the prediction of intracranial bleeding, CHADS2 had the highest C-statistic both as a continuous score (C-statistic 0.66) and as a categorical score (C-statistic 0.66). There were no statistically significant differences between scores based on NRI. In conclusion, CHA2DS2-VASc, CHADS2, HAS-BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA had similar, albeit modest, performance in predicting NOAC-associated bleeding in patients with AF. Careful assessment and active management of bleeding risk factors may be warranted in all patients on NOACs who have high stroke risk scores.
Seeing Dots: Visibility of Lattice Points

(2007). Seeing Dots: Visibility of Lattice Points. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 274-282.
Quality of Life in Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) (P5.082)

Objective: To evaluate quality of life (QOL) in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) Background: Fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder seen in patients who carry a CGG repeat expansion premutation of 55–200 repeats in the fragile X mental retardation 1 ( FMR1) gene. FXTAS is characterized by motor and cognitive deficits with significant implications for quality of life. Patient perspectives of disease impact are vital components to determine the importance of a therapeutic intervention, and QOL measures are now necessary in clinical trial designs. Design/Methods: Premutation carriers meeting criteria for definite, probable, or possible FXTAS were evaluated using the NIH QOL in Neurological Disorders Scale (Neuro-QOL). Demographic data including age, sex, duration of disease, FXTAS rating scale, years of education, and CGG repeat length were gathered from retrospective chart review or patient interview. NeuroQOL data from the FXTAS cohort was compared using a single sample t test to T scores published by the NeuroQOL developers from general population and clinical respondent data. Results: The study population (n=20) was 65% men, average age of 69.55 years, duration of disease of 7.8 years, FXTAS rating scale of 42.6, 15.6 years of education, and CGG repeat length of 96.4. The FXTAS study population reported deficits in the upper extremity function subsection of the NeuroQOL compared to controls (p Conclusions: The NeuroQOL only identified QOL issues with respect to upper extremity function in FXTAS. These findings would be unexpected for a neurodegenerative disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Possible explanations include disease related lack of insight, that the scale doesn’t capture salient features of the disease, or that the sample size was too low. Disclosure: Dr. Thordarson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Robertson-Dick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ouyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bernard has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Keefe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hall has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for American Academy of Neurology. Dr. Hall has received research support from Neurocrine, Pfizer, and Abbvie.
Molecular Biopsy of Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Other Than Small Cell Carcinoma

Pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas primarily include the low grade typical carcinoid, the intermediate grade atypical carcinoid, and the high grade carcinomas: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. The carcinoid tumors differ from their high grade counterparts in several aspects on a molecular level, and additionally differ in behavior and other clinical aspects. This chapter focuses on the abnormalities found in carcinoid tumors, discusses how they differ from their high grade counterparts as well as their potential role in future targeted therapy. The abnormalities unique to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and their potential role in targeted therapy are also discussed in this chapter.
Is Democratic Leadership Possible

Leadership can baffle our ideal of democracy. If representatives track our preferences, actual or ideal, what room is left for them to pushback against a constituency? This has led some political theorists to conclude that the concept of democratic leadership is paradoxical. I challenge this view by constructing a theory that takes shared commitment as its principal ingredient. The Commitment Theory brings out what is morally distinctive about leadership in a representative democracy. In principle, democratic leadership recruits citizens as genuine partners in shared political activity. The account explains why leadership is taken to be a core property of a functioning democracy and, at the same time, a potential threat to the practice. It is then tested against cases of opinion formation, cue-taking, and frame manipulation. I conclude that the theory avoids dual objections: that it either overcounts or undercounts instances of democratic leadership.
The IgE Antibody and Its Use in Cancer Immunotherapy

The immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a class of antibody that is capable of mounting a robust immune response resulting in anaphylaxis, which plays a central role in allergic reactions against environmental agents and immunity against parasites. Multiple studies also suggest that IgE plays a role in cancer immunosurveillance, which implies that this class of antibody can be exploited for the treatment of cancer. While most therapeutic antibodies developed for cancer therapy are of the IgG class, IgE has several advantages including the exceptionally high affinity for its Fc receptors (FcɛRs) and its low serum concentration that provides less competition for Fc receptor occupancy. In addition, FcɛRs are expressed on relevant effector cells involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) including antigen-presenting cells (APC). In fact, multiple IgEs targeting different tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been developed and shown to be effective against cancer cells in vitro and in animal models. Further advances of current technologies and experimental models, coupled with a better understanding of IgE-mediated immune effector mechanisms against targeted tumors, are expected to help elucidate the full potential of tumor-specific IgE antibodies for cancer immunotherapy.
Cooperative bargaining to manage invasive species in jurisdictions with public and private lands

Abstract Mixed land ownership affects the scope for cooperative bargaining between jurisdictions to undertake control activities to slow the spread of an invasive species. We consider a problem in which emerald ash borer (EAB) spreads from an infested to an uninfested jurisdiction, where both contain ash trees on public and private land. We develop a dynamic model of cooperative Nash bargaining to examine how the mix of land ownership within each municipality affects the path of a negotiated transfer payment from the uninfested to the infested jurisdiction. Using a numerical simulation, we demonstrate that a bargaining agreement can be reached only below a threshold level of public land ownership in the infested municipality. The value of this threshold depends on the effectiveness of the transfer payment in supporting more intensive control efforts, such as tree removal, that delay spread. In a landscape with mixed ownership, free riding by private landowners on the public control effort is one factor that leads to a decrease in this threshold. We also find that in the presence of free riding, a bargaining agreement can only exist if the jurisdictions commit to a path of transfer payments that spans multiple years. This suggests a role for higher government to play in supporting multi-year cross-jurisdictional agreements.
Electoral Bases of Leftist Presidents in Latin America

During the early 2000s, observers of Latin American politics began to notice a pattern: voters throughout the region were electing left-of-center candidates for president. By mid-2009, leftist presidents governed 12 of the region's 18 major countries.1 Although leftists had been elected before in some countries, never before had the left been in power simultaneously across so much of the region.
IR Detectors: Heterodyne and Direct

In recent years there have been considerable advances in the performance of wide-bandwidth infrared detectors, both for direct and heterodyne detection. In this paper I will discuss briefly the major areas of current detector development, compare various aspects of heterodyne and direct detection, discuss amplifier considerations for wide-bandwidth detection operation, and describe state-of-the-art performance in direct and heterodyne detection. In addition, differences and trade-offs between photodiodes and photoconductors will be discussed, in particular the operating temperature dependence of direct and heterodyne detectors at 10 μm. The content of this paper will be limited to photodiodes and photoconductors in the 1- to 20-μm region with bandwidths in the range of 1 to 100 MHz. This encompasses most of the present detector needs of LIDAR systems for wavelengths beyond the range of efficient photomultipliers.
Effects of different pesticides on virulence and mortality of some entomopathogenic nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been used against especially soil borne insect pests. EPNs are feasible and attractive for biological control, because of their virulence against various insect pests, host seeking ability, being usable with standard equipment, and long-term efficacy. In addition EPNs can be applied simultaneously with some pesticides. These properties make EPNs ideal biocontrol agent in integrated pest management. In the present study, effects of 4 widely used pesticides (Glyphosate, Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Captan, Fosetyl-al) on virulence and mortality of three EPN strains (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Alman, H. bacteriophora HbH and Steinernema carpocapsae DD-136) were examined at 24 and 48 h periods. All strains were able to infect Galleria mellonella larvae averagely above 90 % rate, after 24 and 48 h treatments with all pesticides. However, some of the pesticides showed negative impact on the viability of the strains. Especially, DD-136 and Fosetylal seemed like incompatible, as the mortality rates were significantly higher than control for both 24 and 48 h. The results of the present study showed that it may be possible to use some EPN strains with some pesticides. It is expected that the results of the study will provide useful information for future integrated pest management programs.
Sorry to bother you: designing bots for effective recommendations

Bots have been proposed as a way to encourage developer actions and support software development activities. Many bots make recommendations to users, however humans may find these recommendations ineffective or problematic. In this paper, we argue that while bots can help automate many tasks, ultimately bots still need to find ways to interact with humans and handle all of the associated social and cognitive problems entailed. To illustrate this problem, we performed a small study where we generated 52 pull requests making tool recommendation to developers. As a result, we only convinced two developers to accept the pull request, while receiving several forms of feedback on why the pull request was ineffective. We summarize this feedback and suggest design principles for bot recommendations, including how psychology frameworks, such as nudge theory, can be used to improve human-bot interactions.
Testing the theoretical similarities between food and water insecurity: Buffering hypothesis and effects on mental wellbeing.

Abstract Theoretical analyses by anthropologists suggest that food and water insecurity exhibit multiple conceptual parallels, hold similar consequences for wellbeing, and lead to analogous coping strategies aimed at mitigating those consequences. However, these deductions largely originate from studies conducted separately on either food or water insecurity. Thus, these similarities may not bear out when examined in populations facing high rates of both. In particular, some researchers argue that food and water insecurity exert independent but nonetheless iterative effects on mental wellbeing. Others hypothesize that food insecurity mediates the relationship between water insecurity and mental health, especially in agricultural communities. However, relevant studies are limited, and none test this hypothesis in urban areas. Moreover, no data exist on water insecurity and mental wellbeing in adolescents, which hampers comparative analyses of youth resource insecurity. In addition, resource buffering—a long-discussed coping strategy—remains contested with respect to food insecurity and effectively untested with respect to water insecurity. The buffering hypothesis suggests that adults cushion younger household members against resource inadequacies via tradeoffs that yield gender- and age-based disparities in intrahousehold resource distributions. For example, adults may forgo food quality, quantity, or variety in favor of children. It stands to reason that adults similarly buffer children against water scarcity, but, again, this has not been examined. Conducted December 2016-April 2017, this cross-sectional survey included 650 mothers, fathers, boys, and girls living in the slums of Jaipur, India. When controlling for food insecurity, the relationship between water insecurity and psychosocial stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) was eliminated; water insecurity's effect on anxiety and depression (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10) remained significant for fathers only. These findings are consistent with the mediation hypothesis. Moreover, pursuant to the buffering hypothesis, parents generally reported more severe resource scarcity than their children; however, girls reported slightly worse water insecurity than fathers.
HYBRID TRACE FORMULA FOR A NON-UNIFORM IRREDUCIBLE LATTICE IN PSL2(R) n

In a series of lectures Selberg introduced a trace formula on the space of hybrid Maass-modular forms of an irreducible uniform lattice in PSL2(R)n. In this paper we derive the analogous formula for a non-uniform lattice and use it to study the distribution of elliptic–hyperbolic conjugacy classes. In particular, for Hilbert modular groups there is a nice interpretation of these results in terms of class numbers and fundamental units of quadratic forms over totally real number fields.
On Shortening the Numerical Transient in Time-Stepping Finite Element Analysis of Induction Motor Under Broken Rotor Bar Faults

In induction motors, broken rotor bar faults are common and represent an aggressively propagating phenomena in applications in which motors are subject to frequent line starts and stops. Fast and accurate analysis of induction motors under this type of faults is desirable. Time-Stepping Finite Element (TSFE) analysis of induction motors, as one of the most powerful tools of analysis, suffers from the lengthy numerical transient response and the large number of ac cycle periods that are needed to reach a steady-state level of flux build-up. That is, until a steady-state solution is reached. In this paper, this lengthy and undesirable transient time, as an obstacle, was successfully reduced through the implementation of the so-called "Virtual Blocked Rotor (VBR)" approach described in this paper. The VBR approach starts by determining motor permeabilities and skin effect corresponding to the operating condition of the induction motor. Permeability computation is performed in an FE Eddy-Current frequency-domain solver with the desired voltage supply magnitude and frequency, slip, and given broken rotor bar pattern. The computed permeabilities are then imported into the TSFE simulation model of the faulty induction motor and the performance criteria of interest are extracted for further evaluation. In this paper, a four adjacent broken bar fault pattern is studied in the given case-study induction motor. It was observed that this approach successfully and substantially mitigates the problem of the lengthy numerical transient response to reach a steady-state solution, and hence saves a large amount of time in the computational process.