cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of Marijuana Use Beginning in Adolescence Predict Tobacco Dependence in Adulthood

ABSTRACTBackground: Although the “stage theory” suggests that marijuana use occurs after the initiation of tobacco smoking, substantial evidence exists that they often occur concurrently, and that the use of marijuana may influence the use of tobacco. Methods: This study uses trajectory analysis to examine the relationship between marijuana use beginning in adolescence and adult tobacco dependence in a 5-wave longitudinal study (mean ages in each wave: 14, 19, 24, 29, and 32). The sample consisted of 816 participants (52% African Americans, 48% Puerto Ricans), of whom 60% were females. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict later tobacco dependence from earlier trajectories of marijuana use. Results: A higher Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) for the chronic marijuana use trajectory group (odds ratio [OR] = 10.93, P < .001; adjusted OR [AOR] = 10.40, P < .001), for the increasing marijuana use trajectory group (OR = 6.94, P < .001; AOR = 6.73, P < .001), and for the moderate marijuana u...
Analysis and simulation of substrate coupling in integrated circuits

A technique is presented which allows efficient calculation of substrate-coupling macromodels in integrated circuits. the technique can be used to calculate node-to-node resistances or impedances in substrate models. Examples of the technique applied to several test structures are presented.
Expression Divergence and Functional Redundancy of Polygalacturonases in Floral Organ Abscission

The importance of cell separation in plant development cannot be overemphasized. The polygalacturonases (PGs) are the one of cell wall hydrolytic enzyme families that has been associated with various cell separation processes in plant development including seed germination, dehiscence, organ abscission, and fruit ripening. Both Arabidopsis and rice PG gene family have expanded in a lineage-specific fashion after the split more than 150 million years ago. Tandem duplications and large-scale duplications are the major contributors to the current PG family size in Arabidopsis. The spatial expression analysis of the 66 Arabidopsis PG family members have led us to conclude that different duplication mechanisms affect the expression divergence differently. This becomes more apparent when temporal examination of expression is conducted in five developmental stages of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. Nine distinct patterns of PGs are identified during floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. Four PGs are specifically upregulated during abscission associated with cell separation process. Careful understanding of relationships among Arabidopsis PGs in a context of evolution together with expression analysis of these PGs will facilitate the functional study of PGs specifically in floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis.
Responding to Negative Internal Experience: Relationships Between Acceptance and Change-Based Approaches and Psychological Adjustment

The authors examined the relationships between change-based and acceptance-based strategies for responding to negative internal experience (thoughts and emotions) and levels of psychological symptoms and well-being. A large sample of undergraduate students completed measures of their general frequency of experiencing negative affect and intrusive thoughts, their typical ways of responding when these experiences occur, and their levels of psychological symptoms and well-being. Correlational analyses showed that most of the identified ways of responding to negative internal experiences were significantly related to psychological symptoms and well-being, even after accounting for the general frequency of experiencing unwanted thoughts and emotions. Regression analyses suggested that change-based ways of responding add little or no incremental variance over acceptance-based strategies in accounting for lower symptom levels and greater well-being.
Contact lens overrefraction variability in corneal power estimation after refractive surgery.

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy and precision of the contact lens overrefraction (CLO) method in determining corneal refractive power in post-refractive-surgery eyes. Setting Refractive Surgery Service and Contact Lens Service, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Methods Fourteen eyes of 7 subjects who had a single myopic laser in situ keratomileusis procedure within 12 months with refractive stability were included in this prospective case series. The CLO method was compared with the historical method of predicting the corneal power using 4 different lens fitting strategies and 3 refractive pupil scan sizes (3 mm, 5 mm, and total pupil). Rigid lenses included 3 9.0 mm overall diameter lenses fit flat, steep, and an average of the 2, and a 15.0 mm diameter lens steep fit. Cycloplegic CLO was performed using the autorefractor function of the Nidek OPD-Scan ARK-10000. Results with each strategy were compared with the corneal power estimated with the historical method. The bias (mean of the difference), 95% limits of agreement, and difference versus mean plots for each strategy are presented. Results In each subject, the CLO-estimated corneal power varied based on lens fit. On average, the bias between CLO and historical methods ranged from −0.38 to +2.42 diopters (D) and was significantly different from 0 in all but 3 strategies. Substantial variability in precision existed between fitting strategies, with the range of the 95% limits of agreement approximating 0.50 D in 2 strategies and 2.59 D in the worst-case scenario. The least precise fitting strategy was use of flat-fitting 9.0 mm diameter lenses. Conclusions The accuracy and precision of the CLO method of estimating corneal power in post-refractive-surgery eyes was highly variable on the basis of how rigid lense were fit. One of the most commonly used fitting strategies in clinical practice—flat-fitting a 9.0 diameter lens—resulted in the poorest accuracy and precision. Results also suggest use of large-diameter lenses may improve outcomes.
Pr0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ electrocatalyst for solid oxide fuel cell cathode introduced via infiltration

Abstract Effects of infiltrated Pr 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3− δ (PSCo) electrocatalyst on SOFC cathode performance have been studied. Nano-sized particulate catalysts, deposited on surfaces of a composite cathode of Sm 2 O 3 doped CeO 2 (SDC) and La 1− x Sr x Co 1− y Fe y O 3− δ (LSCF), are assumed to effectively widen active sites, or triple phase boundaries, for the oxygen reduction reaction. Area specific resistance of commercially available cells has been decreased by 36–40% with the addition of 23 wt% PSCo electrocatalyst on cathode. Analysis of the impedance spectra demonstrates that PSCo electrocatalyst plays a significant role in dissociation of oxygen molecules and adsorption of oxygen atoms into the cathode. A total of 200 h operation of the cells demonstrated that catalytic activity of PSCo has not been significantly degraded. Simultaneous operations of multiple cells using a parallel-cell testing system have made it possible to compare the performance of several cells with high reliability.
The nematode fauna in the sulphide-rich brine seep and adjacent bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. II. Monhysterida

Sixteen nematode species of the order Chromadorida are described from the East Flower Garden at 72 m depth in the north-western Gulf of Mexico. The material is from sandy bottom samples influenced or beyond the influence of a sulphide-rich brine seep. Fifteen species are new to science: Acantholaimus quadridentatus sp.n., Prochromadorella papillata sp.n., Austranema mexicanum sp.n., Rhips anoxybiotica sp.n., Filitonchoides thiobioticus gen. et sp.n., Paracyatholaimus spinulaosus sp.n., Marylynnia punctata sp.n., Marylynnia johanseni sp.n., Acanthopharyngoides bidentatus sp.n., Desmodora (Croconema)punctata sp.n., Desmodora (Desmodora) curvispiculum sp.n., Desmodora (Pseudochromadora) bulbosa sp.n., Chromaspirinia longisetosa sp.n., Prochaetosoma brighti sp.n. and Ixonema powelli sp.n. A specimen of Bathyepsilonema is also described and is probably new to science, but the available material only includes a female.
Effect of Ganglioside and Tetraspanins in Microdomains on Interaction of Integrins with Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor

Abstract The functional interaction (“cross-talk”) of integrins with growth factor receptors has become increasingly clear as a basic mechanism in cell biology, defining cell growth, adhesion, and motility. However, no studies have addressed the microdomains in which such interaction takes place nor the effect of gangliosides and tetraspanins (TSPs) on such interaction. Growth of human embryonal WI38 fibroblasts is highly dependent on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptor (FGFR), stably associated with ganglioside GM3 and TSPs CD9 and CD81 in the ganglioside-enriched microdomain. Adhesion and motility of these cells are mediated by laminin-5 ((LN5) and fibronectin (FN) through α3β1 and α5β1 integrin receptors, respectively. When WI38 cells or its transformant VA13 cells were adhered to LN5 or FN, α3β1 or α5β1 were stimulated, giving rise to signaling to activate FGFR through tyrosine phosphorylation and inducing cell proliferation under serum-free conditions without FGF addition. Types and intensity of signaling during the time course differed significantly depending on the type of integrin stimulated (α3β1 versus α5β1), and on cell type (WI38 versus VA13). Such effect of cross-talk between integrins and FGFR was influenced strongly by the change of GM3 and TSPs. (i) GM3 depletion by P4 caused enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of FGFR and Akt followed by MAPK activation, without significant change of ceramide level. GM3 depletion also caused enhanced co-immunoprecipitation of FGFR with α3/α5/β1 and of these integrins with CD9/CD81. (ii) LN5- or FN-dependent proliferation of both WI38 and VA13 was strongly enhanced by GM3 depletion and by CD9/CD81 knockdown by siRNA. Thus, integrin-FGFR cross-talk is strongly influenced by GM3 and/or TSPs within the ganglioside-enriched microdomain.
Autoxidation of Ubiquinol-6 Is Independent of Superoxide Dismutase†

Ubiquinone (Q) is an essential, lipid soluble, redox component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Much evidence suggests that ubiquinol (QH2) functions as an effective antioxidant in a number of membrane and biological systems by preventing peroxidative damage to lipids. It has been proposed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) may protect QH2 from autoxidation by acting either directly as a superoxide−semiquinone oxidoreductase or indirectly by scavenging superoxide. In this study, such an interaction between QH2 and SOD was tested by monitoring the fluorescence of cis-parinaric acid (cPN) incorporated phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes. Q6H2 was found to prevent both fluorescence decay and generation of lipid peroxides (LOOH) when peroxidation was initiated by the lipid-soluble azo initiator DAMP, dimethyl 2,2‘-azobis (2-methylpropionate), while Q6 or SOD alone had no inhibitory effect. Addition of either SOD or catalase to Q6H2-containing liposomes had little effect on the rate of peroxidation even whe...
The Syntax Augmented MT (SAMT) System at the Shared Task for the 2007 ACL Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation

We describe the CMU-UKA Syntax Augmented Machine Translation system 'SAMT' used for the shared task "Machine Translation for European Languages" at the ACL 2007 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. Following an overview of syntax augmented machine translation, we describe parameters for components in our open-source SAMT toolkit that were used to generate translation results for the Spanish to English in-domain track of the shared task and discuss relative performance against our phrase-based submission.
Lobster Reproduction: a Review

The purpose of this review is to summarize and update the reader on the topic of lobster reproduction. Recent work on the American clawed lobscr, Homarus americanus, has found that males are capable of multiple inseminations. Intermolt females may augment stored sperm with intermolt inseminations. Intermolt insemination may account for added fecundity in a normal population. Both photoperiod and temperature interact to regulate female yolk biosynthesis. Extraovarian yolk synthesis in clawed lobsters has been demonstrated by the measurement of yolk proteins in the hemolymph. The complete chemical characterization of both molt inhibiting hormone and vitellogenesis inhibiting hormone has been accomplished. Multiple field studies of tropical spiny lobsters were accomplished in the last five years. The occurrence of multiple broods (2-5) per season per lobster have been documented in several cases. The effects of photoperiod and temperature variations on reproductive behavior of spiny lobsters was reported. Yolk biosynthesis in both hepatopancreas and ovary of tropical spiny lobsters was demonstrated.
Consensus-Performance Research: Theoretical and Empirical Extensions*

Research on the consensus-performance relationship has typically used correlational data to examine the simple, bivariate relationship between top management team consensus and firm performance. the results of this research are equivocal. Recent theoretical work, however, suggests a number of ‘third variables’ that may provide additional insight into the consensus-performance relationship through the ‘process of elaboration’. This paper presents theoretical models, based on recent theory building, that may be appropriate for incorporating these additional variables in future research.
Human prolactin: Identification and physical characterization of the biologically active hormone by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Summary Human prolactin (hPR) has been identified and several of its physical characteristics have been determined. Biologically active serum hPR is (1) a single, homogeneous protein and (2) a molecule distinct from the dominant human growth hormone species hGH-B (1) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) at several gel concentrations and two pH values. Serum hPR is more highly charged than hGH-B but has the same molecular size. Serum immunoreactive hGH was separated from hPR bioactivity in PAGE. Serum hPR from a normal, lactating woman is indistinguishable from plasma hPR of a male patient with pituitary adenoma and galactorrhea.
Transformation of heat conduction problems from anisotropic to isotropic

Abstract It is shown that a number of anisotropic heat conduction problems governed by differential equations of parabolic and elliptic types with boundary conditions of the first, second, third and fourth kinds can be transformed into isotropic ones.
Internal Shock Interactions in Propulsion/Airframe Integrated Three-Dimensional Sidewall Compression Scramjet Inlets

The advantages and design requirements of propulsion/airframe integration for high Mach number flight have led to extensive study of the three-dimensional sidewall compression scramjet inlet in recent years. Recent research publications have indicated testing over a broad range of Mach number (2 to 18) in a variety of test gases, such as air, helium, and tetrafluoromethane. Multiple experimental techniques have been employed to obtain detailed internal shock interaction data, performance data, and inlet starting limits. Computational fluid dynamics has been effectively used for preliminary parametric studies as well as in parallel with experiments to aid in the explanation of unusual or unexpected flow phenomena. Inlets of this genre afford a relatively simple, generic geometry while producing a highly complex, three-dimensional flow field dominated by shock/shock and shock/boundary layer interactions. While the importance of the viscous effects in high speed inlet interactions is recognized, the present work addresses in a parametric fashion the inviscid effects of leading edge sweep, sidewall compression, and inflow Mach number on the internal shock structure in terms of inlet compression and mass capture. In the process, the source of the of the Mach number invariance with leading edge sweep for a constant sidewall compression class of inlet is identified, and a previously undocumented spillage phenomenon in a constant effective wedge angle class of inlets is discussed.
Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics

Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics. Louisa Schein. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. 365 pp.
Spiritual assessment of the clergy: A case study

Abstract The integration of a patient's spiritual information with the psychological data obtained front clinical assessment raises specific problems for the spiritual assessment of the clergy. Many clergymen-especially Roman Catholic priests, who are unmarried and childless-have no “memory anchors” to assist them in revealing relevant psychospiritual information. A completed spiritual assessment of a priest referred to an outpatient consultation and treatment service is presented in the form of a case study. The use of an “extended occupational history” is demonstrated as a way of assisting the clergy in providing useful information to an interdisciplinary diagnostic and treatment team.
Report From a National Tobacco Dependence Survey of Psychiatric Nurses

BACKGROUND: Persons with mental illness smoke proportionately more cigarettes and die earlier than the general population. Yet compared with other clinicians, psychiatric professionals have interve...
Scale and Object Aware Image Thumbnailing

In this paper we study effective approaches to create thumbnails from input images. Since a thumbnail will eventually be presented to and perceived by a human visual system, a thumbnailing algorithm should consider several important issues in the process including thumbnail scale, object completeness and local structure smoothness. To address these issues, we propose a new thumbnailing framework named scale and object aware thumbnailing (SOAT), which contains two components focusing respectively on saliency measure and thumbnail warping/cropping. The first component, named scale and object aware saliency (SOAS), models the human perception of thumbnails using visual acuity theory, which takes thumbnail scale into consideration. In addition, the "objectness" measurement (Alexe et al. 2012) is integrated in SOAS, as to preserve object completeness. The second component uses SOAS to guide the thumbnailing based on either retargeting or cropping. The retargeting version uses the thin-plate-spline (TPS) warping for preserving structure smoothness. An extended seam carving algorithm is developed to sample control points used for TPS model estimation. The cropping version searches a cropping window that balances the spatial efficiency and SOAS-based content preservation. The proposed algorithms were evaluated in three experiments: a quantitative user study to evaluate thumbnail browsing efficiency, a quantitative user study for subject preference, and a qualitative study on the RetargetMe dataset. In all studies, SOAT demonstrated promising performances in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.
Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on coronary risk factors, inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome in obese coronary patients.

Obesity is a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor and is prevalent in patients with CHD. The authors reviewed data in 235 consecutive patients before and after formal cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training (CRET) programs and analyzed data in 72 lean patients (body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m2) vs 73 obese patients (BMI≥30 kg/m2). At baseline, obese patients were significantly younger (P<.0001); had higher percentage of body fat (P<.0001) and more dyslipidemia, including higher triglycerides (TG; P<.01), lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<.0001), and higher TG/HDL ratio (P<.0001); and had higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (61% vs 26%; P<.01) compared with lean patients. Following CRET, obese patients had small, but statistically significant, improvements in obesity indices, including weight (P<.01), BMI (P<.01), and percentage of fat (P=.03), and had more significant improvements in peak exercise capacity (P<.001), HDL cholesterol (P<.001), C-reactive protein (P<.01), behavioral characteristics, and quality of life (P<.0001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome fell (62% to 51%; P=.1). These results support the benefits of CRET to reduce overall risk in obese patients with CHD.
P-Chloramphetamine: Selective neurotoxic action in brain

Injection of 2.5,5, 10, or 20 milligrams of p-chloroamphetamine per kilogram of body weight into rats produced evidence of cytopathological changes in sections of brain stained by a Nissl or silver method. As early as 1 day after drug injection cells demonstrated an intense Nissl staining, intense argyrophilia, cellular shrinkage, and perineuronal spaces. At 30 days after injection both stains revealed cellular debris and glial reactions characteristic of cellular dissolution. The neurotoxic effects of 2.5, 5, or 10 milligrams of p-chloroamphetamine per kilogram were primarily restricted to an area of the ventral midbrain tegmentum corresponding to the distribution of the B-9 serotonergic cell group. After 20 milligrams of p-chloroamphetamine per kilogram there was also evidence of neurotoxic effects on cells within the substantia nigra. These results confirm previous suggestions that the long-term reduction in serotonin content of brain, tryptophan-5-hydroxylase activity, and uptake of serotonin after injection of p-chloroamphetamine is due to a neurotoxic effect of the drug or some metabolite on serotonergic cell bodies.
Photosynthesis of salt marsh species

Abstract The salt marsh environment is severe. Stressful edaphic factors include high and variable salinity, a strongly reducing environment, anoxia, and toxic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. Mechanisms which adapt endemic species to these conditions include osmoregulation, anaerobic metabolism, aerenchyma, xeromorphism, tolerance of salt and water stress, and high water and nitrogen use efficiency. Species having the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathway are common in salt marshes. Succulents are also present although none are known to operate the crassulacean acid metabolism. Photosynthetic rates measured in situ are relatively low, but high rates have been measured in laboratory-grown plants and this suggests that some or all of the above mentioned factors control photosynthesis in the field. Nutrient status may regulate the photosynthetic apparatus through effects on the metabolic components of carbon reduction and on the capacity of the plant to control water balance. Field and laboratory studies show that light and CO2 saturated photosynthetic capacity decreases and, in C4 species, the CO2 compensation point increases under nitrogen limiting conditions. Water stress regulates growth and photosynthesis. Photosynthetic responses to increasing salinity are highly species specific, but within species the responses depend on light, temperature and nutrient status during growth. Both the stomatal conductance of CO2 and the metabolic determinants of photosynthesis are affected by salinity but the available data suggest that the primary effect of salinity is on the metabolic components.
The Puerto Rican chironja—new all- purpose citrus fruit

The chironja, an apparent natural cross of grapefruit and orange, combines the flavors and other highly desirable characteristics of both parents, offering vast new possibilities for development, both for fresh market and industrial purposes.
Comparison of angiography and ultrasound in the evaluation of the portal venous system in pancreatic carcinoma.

Abstract Detailed images of upper abdominal vascular anatomy can now be obtained by experienced operators using modern real-time ultrasound scanners. To help determine the role of real-time ultrasound in preoperative evaluation of pancreatic carcinoma, ultrasound and angiographic results were compared in a series of 45 patients admitted with documented carcinoma of the pancreas. When surgical results were available, these were compared with the ultrasound and angiographic findings. The main tributaries of the portal system were evaluated with ultrasound and angiography for evidence of compression, displacement, or occlusion. A sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 95% were achieved for splenic vein abnormalities by ultrasound compared to angiography. For portal vein evaluation, sensitivity was 75%, and specificity was 100%, whereas for the superior mesenteric vein a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% were attained. Ultrasound can make angiography prior to laparotomy unnecessary in many cases if thorough evaluation of the portal venous system is emphasized during the initial ultrasound study.
Image feature extraction for mass detection in digital mammography: effects of wavelet analysis

Multiresolution and multiorientation wavelet transforms (WTs), as the key CAD modules, were used in our previous study of CAD mass detection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the roles of these WTs modules in the proposed CAD approach. A statistical analysis of the effects of WTs on image feature extraction for mass detection is taken including the effects of WTs on mass segmentation and a comparative study of discrimination ability of features extracted with WTs based and non-WTs based segmentation method. Three indexes are proposed to asses the segmentation. The effects of WTs on feature extraction are evaluated using ROC analysis of the feature discrimination ability. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the use of WTs modules results in a significant improvement in feature extraction for the previously proposed CAD mass detection method. The improvement, however, depends on the feature characteristics, large for boundary-related features while small for intensity-related features.
Increase of urinary citrovorum factor activity in patients receiving methotrexate (amethopterin).

SummaryL. citrovorum #8081/A of Hutchinson's laboratory has been shown to be an appropriate microorganism for measurement of urinary CF activity under the experimental conditions described. A 3–5 fold increase of urinary CF activity was repeatedly observed in subjects receiving large doses of methotrexate (Amethopterin). The possible sources of this increased urinary CF activity were discussed.
Spaced education improves the feedback that surgical residents give to medical students: a randomized trial.

Abstract Background Surgery residents teach medical students; feedback is one critical teaching skill. We investigated whether feedback given by surgery residents to students could be improved through an online spaced education program. Methods Surgery residents were randomized to receive either a weekly spaced education e-mail during a 9-month period containing teaching bullets on how to provide effective feedback, or no intervention. Medical students rated the frequency and quality of feedback they received from the residents. Results Students reported 45% (67 of 149) of the spaced education residents gave frequent feedback, compared with 31% (55 of 175) of control residents (relative risk [RR], 1.43; P = .016). Students reported resident feedback was “helpful in their learning” in 92% (132 of 143) of their evaluations of spaced education residents, compared with 82% (132 of 161) of their evaluations of control residents (RR, 1.13; P = .01). Conclusions Educational programs using feedback bullets e-mailed weekly can significantly improve the frequency and quality of feedback that surgical residents provide medical students.
Telomere shortening in neurological disorders: an abundance of unanswered questions

Telomeres, ribonucleoprotein complexes that cap eukaryotic chromosomes, typically shorten in leukocytes with aging. Aging is a primary risk factor for neurodegenerative disease (ND), and a common assumption has arisen that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) can serve as a predictor of neurological disease. However, the evidence for shorter LTL in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients is inconsistent. The diverse causes of telomere shortening may explain variability in LTL between studies and individuals. Additional research is needed to determine whether neuronal and glial telomeres shorten during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, if and how LTL is related to brain cell telomere shortening, and whether telomere shortening plays a causal role in or exacerbates neurological disorders.
Sequestration of essential proteins causes prion associated toxicity in yeast

Prions are infectious, aggregated proteins that cause diseases in mammals but are not normally toxic in fungi. Excess Sup35p, an essential yeast protein that can exist as the [PSI(+)] prion, inhibits growth of [PSI(+)] but not [psi(-)] cells. This toxicity is rescued by expressing the Sup35Cp domain of Sup35p, which is sufficient for cell viability but not prion propagation. We now show that rescue requires Sup35Cp levels to be proportional to Sup35p overexpression. Overexpression of Sup35p appeared to cause pre-existing [PSI(+)] aggregates to coalesce into larger aggregates, but these were not toxic per se because they formed even when Sup35Cp rescued growth. Overexpression of Sup45p, but not other tested essential Sup35p binding partners, caused rescue. Sup45-GFPp formed puncta that colocalized with large [PSI(+)] Sup35-RFPp aggregates in cells overexpressing Sup35p, and the frequency of the Sup45-GFPp puncta was reduced by rescuing levels of Sup35Cp. In contrast, [PSI(+)] toxicity caused by a high excess of the Sup35p prion domain (Sup35NMp) was rescued by a single copy of Sup35Cp, was not rescued by Sup45p overexpression and was not associated with the appearance of Sup45-GFPp puncta. This suggests [PSI(+)] toxicity caused by excess Sup35p verses Sup35NMp is, respectively, through sequestration/inactivation of Sup45p verses Sup35p.
Towards a 3-dimensional model of individual cognitive differences: position paper

The effects of individual differences on user interaction is a topic that has been explored for the last 25 years in HCI. Recently, the importance of this subject has been carried into the field of information visualization and consequently, there has been a wide range of research conducted in this area. However, there has been no consensus on which evaluation methods best answer the unique needs of information visualization. In this position paper we propose that individual differences are evaluated in three dominant dimensions: cognitive traits, cognitive states and experience/bias. We believe that this is a first step in systematically evaluating the effects of users' individual differences on information visualization and visual analytics.
Bilateral branch pulmonary artery obstruction due to kinking at insertion sites of bilateral ductus arteriosus

Bilateral ductus arteriosus (or ligamentum arteriosum) with right aortic arch and isolation of the left subclavian artery is a rare anomaly of the aortic arch system. We report on a patient with complete atrioventricular septal defect, right aortic arch, bilateral ligamentum arteriosum, and isolation of the left subclavian artery in whom kinking at the ductal insertions caused bilateral branch pulmonary artery obstruction. Complete surgical repair was performed when the patient was 4 months of age, and the pulmonary artery obstructions were entirely relieved by ligation and division of both ducts without pulmonary arterioplasty.
The GATA-binding protein CGF-1 is closely related to GT-1.

Many light-regulated genes contain a conserved GATA motif in their 5′-upstream region. We have characterized in detail the GATA-binding factor, CGF-1, which binds within a 73 bp TATA-proximal light/circadian regulatory element in the Arabidopsis cab2 promoter and to two more sites farther upstream. CGF-1 was found to be distinct from other metal-dependent GATA-binding factors, but to have the same sequence requirements for binding and similar physical and chemical properties as GT-1, a factor required for light regulation of the tobacco rbcS-3A gene. CGF-1 was found to be constitutively present in extracts and was shown to be immunologically related to GT-1. The close similarity between CGF-1 and GT-1 suggests that a GT-1-like factor is involved in the phytochrome/circadian regulation of the cab2 gene. CGF-1 and GT-1 were also found to have similar sequence specificities to another constitutively-regulated GATA factor, IBF-2b, which binds the I box region of the tomato nitrate reductase gene. Of three complexes detected using an IBF-2b-specific probe, only one was identical to CGF-1/GT-1. The other two were similar to IBF-2b, demonstrating that CGF-1/GT-1, although very similar, are actually distinct from IBF-2b. These data indicate that more than one factor can bind to the same short sequence and may indicate how constitutively present factors like GT-1 can play a role in light regulation.
Infrared spectrum and molecular constants of gaseous tritium fluoride

Abstract The vibration-rotation lines of ν 1←0 and ν 2←0 for tritium fluoride ( g ) have been observed with ≈1 cm −1 and ≈2.5 cm −1 resolution, respectively. Molecular constants were calculated from the observed frequencies. Within the accuracy of measurement the observed constants agree with those previously reported ( 1 ) for hydrogen fluoride ( g ). The “least squares” values of the molecular constants in cm −1 are: ν 1←0 = 2443.86, ν 2←0 = 4823.8, ω e = 2508.5, x e ω e = 32.5, B e = 7.69, α e = 0.176, D e = 2.5 × 10 −4 . The bond distance is 0.917 A and the force constant is 9.65 × 10 5 dynes/cm.
Calmodulin protects Aurora B on the midbody to regulate the fidelity of cytokinesis

Aurora B kinase is an integral regulator of cytokinesis as it stabilizes the intercellular canal within the midbody to ensure proper chromosomal segregation during cell division. Here we identified an E3 ligase subunit, F box protein FBXL2, that by recognizing a calmodulin binding signature within Aurora B, ubiquitinates and removes the kinase from the midbody. Calmodulin, by competing with the F box protein for access to the calmodulin binding signature, protected Aurora B from FBXL2. Calmodulin co-localized with Aurora B on the midbody, preserved Aurora B levels in cells, and stabilized intercellular canals during delayed abscission. Genetic or pharmaceutical depletion of endogenous calmodulin significantly reduced Aurora B protein levels at the midbody resulting in tetraploidy and multi-spindle formation. The calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium, reduced Aurora B protein levels resulting in tetraploidy, mitotic arrest, and apoptosis of tumorigenic cells and profoundly inhibiting tumor formation in athymic nude mice. These observations indicate molecular interplay between Aurora B and calmodulin in telophase and suggest that calmodulin acts as a checkpoint sensor for chromosomal segregation errors during mitosis.
Cigar Smoking among College Students: Prevalence and Correlates

Abstract Background. Cigar smoking is deleterious to health and point prevalence estimates suggest that rates of cigar smoking among young adults may be high. Little is known, however, about the reasons for the popularity of cigar smoking among young adults or the relationship of cigar smoking to cigarette smoking. This study documents the prevalence of cigar smoking in two samples of college students, examines the association between cigar and cigarette smoking, and investigates the hypothesis that cigar smoking is associated with a positive image of the typical cigar smoker. Methods. Two cross-sectional surveys of college students were conducted (sample sizes = 745 and 167). Results. Current cigar smoking was reported by 7 and 19% of the respondents in Studies One and Two, respectively. In both studies, cigar smoking was far more likely among men and among either former or current cigarette smokers. In Study Two, cigar smoking was associated with a positive image of the typical cigar smoker. Conclusions. The results suggest that the popularity of cigar smoking among college students is of sufficient magnitude to be a public health concern and may be related to a positive image of the typical cigar smoker.
A representation for intransitive indifference relations

Abstract Binary relations representable by utility functions with multiplicative error are considered. It is proved that if the error is a power of utility then the underlying binary relation is either an interval order, or a semiorder. Moreover, semiorders can be characterized among interval orders by the magnitude of the power of utility that is used in the form of error function.
Ab initio calculations of the 13C magnetic hyperfine parameters in C+2 using numerical and Gaussian basis set methods

Abstract Ab initio calculations of the 13 C hyperfine coupling constants in C + 2 ( 4 Σ − g ) were performed with extended Gaussian basis sets and the fully numerical, partial-wave multiconfiguration self-consistent field method. The basis set and numerical approaches are shown to yield results in good agreement with each other, as well as with the recent cryogenic neon matrix measurements. Single excitations reduce A iso by more than 40% with respect to the Hartree—Fock value, while double and higher excitations are needed to bring about good agreement with experiment. The best CI wavefunction produced values of A iso = 91.4 MHz, A dip = 2.8 MHz compared with experimental values of A iso = 95 ± 1 MHz and A dip = 2 ± 1 MHz.
A simulation study on the significant nanomechanical heterogeneous properties of collagen

Nanomechanics of individual collagen fibrils govern the mechanical behavior of the majority of connective tissues, yet the current models lack significant details. Majority of the current models assume a rod-shape molecule with homogenous mechanical properties. Recent X-ray crystallography revealed significantly different microstructures in the D-period of collagen microfibrils, markedly different from the conventionally assumed rod-shaped molecule. Motivated by this recent microstructure, the nanomechanics of hydrated collagen molecules are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal significant mechanical heterogeneity in individual collagen molecules, which is expected to significantly impact the biomechanics of collagen fibrils in healthy and diseased tissues.
Antimicrobial activity and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of Ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester, Ro 41-3399.

Ro 40-6890, the active metabolite of Ro 41-3399, was tested against 391 gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates. Ro 40-6890 was active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxella catarrhalis, pneumococci, other Streptococcus spp., and methicillin-susceptible staphylococci. Preliminary disk diffusion interpretive zone criteria were calculated for 5-, 10-, and 30-micrograms Ro 40-6890 disks and several possible MIC susceptibility breakpoints. We recommend the use of the 5-micrograms disk and suggest that the following zone diameters be used as breakpoints in clinical trials: susceptible, > or = 21 mm (MIC, or = 4 micrograms/ml).
Rapidly Cross-Linkable DOPA Containing Terpolymer Adhesives and PEG-Based Cross-Linkers for Biomedical Applications

A new three-component bio-inspired adhesive was synthesized that is a terpolymer composed of a water-soluble segment, an interfacial adhesion segment, and a cross-linking segment. Strong wet adhesion properties are obtained utilizing a 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (DOPA) moiety. Poly(acrylic acid) provides high water solubility due to strong ionic interactions with water. An acrylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS) was included in the adhesive polymer to allow rapid cross-linking with thiol-terminated, 3-armed poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linking agents. The thiol terminal poly(ethylene glycol) was designed to be bulky to avoid possible penetration of molecules to the cell and tissue. The NHS and thiol groups react within 30 s to form covalent bonds. This design allows for rapid optimization of properties for specific applications. Lap shear strength tests on wet porcine skin demonstrated a 190% increased value in adhesion strength for adhesives having the DOPA moiety. After cross-linking, adhesion w...
Slow Fitness Recovery in a Codon-Modified Viral Genome

Extensive synonymous codon modification of viral genomes appears to be an effective way of attenuating strains for use as live vaccines. An assumption of this method is that codon changes have individually small effects, such that codon-attenuated viruses will be slow to evolve back to high fitness (and thus to high virulence). The major capsid gene of the bacterial virus T7 was modified to have varying levels of suboptimal synonymous codons in different constructs, and fitnesses declined linearly with the number of changes. Adaptation of the most extreme design, with 182 codon changes, resulted in a slow fitness recovery by standards of previous experimental evolution with this virus, although fitness effects of substitutions were higher than expected from the average effect of an engineered codon modification. Molecular evolution during recovery was modest, and changes evolved both within the modified gene and outside it. Some changes within the modified gene evolved in parallel across replicates, but with no obvious explanation. Overall, the study supports the premise that codon-modified viruses recover fitness slowly, although the evolution is substantially more rapid than expected from the design principle.
CRITICAL THERMAL MAXIMUM OF THE GREEN LYNX SPIDER, PEUCETIA VIRIDANS (ARANEAE, OXYOPIDAE)

Abstract The critical thermal maximum (CTMax) of Peucetia viridans Hentz 1832 adult spiders was determined in the laboratory. Mean temperature at death was higher for gravid spiders (49.4° C) than for postparturient females (47.2° C) and males (46.9° C). Painted copper spider models placed in the environment to examine available temperatures predicted that spider body temperatures would rarely exceed 40° C thus making it unlikely for P. viridans to naturally reach CTMax, at least in the climate of central Tennessee.
Kinship and Financial Networks, Formal Financial Access, and Risk Reduction

Kinship networks are beneficial for smoothing consumption and investment, but the channels are not well understood. We study the financing devices used for consumption and investment by Thai households. Households that are connected to banks achieve significantly better consumption smoothing than unconnected households; indirect connections via inter-household borrowing are as effective as direct borrowing. Investment appears to be facilitated by kinship: households with kin in the village display reduced sensitivity of investment to income, while connections to banks do not significantly reduce sensitivity. Kin may act as "implicit collateral," permitting borrowing that would violate repayment constraints in its absence.
Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Mean Arterial Pressure in Critically-ill Patients

A fuzzy control sodium nitroprusside delivery system was developed to closed-loop control mean arterial pressure (MAP) in postsurgical patients who exhibited high MAP following coronary artery bypass grafting procedures in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit. The core of the control system was a nonlinear adaptive PI controller, which precisely represented a simplest fuzzy controller. The proportional-gain and integral-gain adjusted continuously according to error and rate change of error of MAP. Twelve patients took part in the study. The length of time that the patients were on the fuzzy control system ranged from 1 hour 45 minutes to 18 hours 7 minutes. The total fuzzy-control-run time was 95 hours 13 minutes. The clinical results was satisfactory, since the average percentage of time in which MAP stayed between 90% and 110% of the MAP setpoint was 89.31%, with a standard deviation of 4.96%.
Relationships between body weight and skull development in rats raised in enriched and impoverished conditions.

Rats experiencing an enriched environment develop a heavier, thicker visual cortex than rats living in an isolated condition (Bennett et al., '64). The present experiment was carried out to determine if these enriched-environment animals also possessed a larger neurocranium. Eleven pairs of male littermate rats from the S1 strain were used in Experiment I and ten pairs in Experiment II. At 25 days of age one animal of each littermate pair was placed in an enriched environment, and his brother was assigned to an isolated condition. Roentgenograms were taken eight days after the animals entered their respective conditions and again 69 days later. Skeletal measures were made from the roentgenograms, and endocasts were also made. The intracranial dimensions and the endocast weights did not differ significantly between the two experimental groups. However, other aspects of skull development, e.g., bizygomatic width, maxillary width, and skull weight did differ significantly, with the isolated animals having the greater measures. The differences in the skulls appear simply to reflect differences in body weight with a positive correlation between body weight and facial bone development in both young and old animals. The positive correlation between body weight and cranial size in young animals is not maintained in old animals.
Familiarity does not affect the unilateral field advantage for repetition detection

We have previously reported evidence that repetitions of letters, colors, sizes, and common motion paths are more rapidly detected when they are presented unilaterally (i.e., both in the same visual field) versus bilaterally (one element in each visual field; Butcher and Cavanagh (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 70:714–724, 2008). Here, we report evidence that this unilateral field advantage (UFA) for repetition detection does not depend on prior experience with the elements that comprise the repetition. In Experiment 1, native English, Persian, and Japanese speakers were tested on a repetition detection task involving characters from Western, Arabic, and Japanese character sets. The character sets were tested in blocks, in each of which subjects were presented with four characters for 16 ms and asked to report whether any two of the characters were identical. The subjects were faster detecting repetitions that were presented unilaterally rather than bilaterally, and there was no interaction with stimulus familiarity. A second experiment replicated this finding with native English speakers only, using a longer stimulus duration (150 ms). We had previously proposed that the UFA arises because the low-level processes that group physically identical items operate more efficiently within than across hemifields. Our data now indicate that this grouping process is insensitive to item familiarity, supporting the claim that the process is low-level.
Cross-Validation With Small Samples: An Algorithm for Computing Gollob's Estimator:

Several years ago, Gollob (1967) presented a novel method for empirically estimating the population cross-validation coefficient of a sample regression equation. The method has been rarely used and has not been very thoroughly investigated. The principal reasons for apparent lack of interest in the method seem to be that investigators were unacquainted with it or that like Campbell (1974) they considered it to be too cumbersome to calculate. The purpose of the present paper was, therefore, twofold: to acquaint (or reacquaint) readers with Gollob's method and to provide a reasonably efficient algorithm for computation.