cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cover crop water use and corn silage production in -semi-arid irrigated conditions

Abstract Cover crops can increase crop water productivity (CWP) and succeeding crop yield. However, cover crops adoption in the Southern High Plains of USA is slow due to limited water available for crop production. This study evaluated the effects of winter cover crops on soil water dynamics, corn silage yield and nutritive values, and corn silage CWP in a semi-arid irrigated condition. Three winter cover crop mixtures: grasses + brassicas + legumes (GBL), grasses + brassicas (GB), grasses + legumes (GL), and control or no cover crop (NCC) were evaluated for soil water storage, cover crop biomass, corn silage yield, nutritive values, and crop evapotranspiration (ET), and the cover crop-corn silage system water productivity (SWP) under a no-till irrigated corn silage production system. All cover crop treatments reduced soil water storage before their termination in both years. However, water storage was higher for all cover crop treatments than for NCC during corn growth. Average CWP for corn was improved by 14–29% with cover crop mixtures over the NCC. Corn silage yield among cover crop treatments was 9–26% higher than NCC. Nutritive value components of cover crops such as non-fat carbohydrates, relative forage quality, and Ca and Mg were higher in the GBL and GL mixtures than the GB in one of the two years. This study demonstrated increased corn silage yield and water productivity with cover cropping. Cover crops mixtures with legumes could offer a high-quality alternative forage for crop-cattle integrated systems, including dairy producers in the Southern High Plains region.
Identifying Correlates of Homicide Rates in Michoacán, Mexico

Violent crime rates in Mexico have reached epidemic levels recently due to a corrupt and ineffective government and violent drug-trafficking organizations (DTOs). This research analyzes social, economic, and demographic data, to identify factors that correlate with homicide rates. Previous research efforts have focused on trends of homicide rates and provided subjective recommendations without supporting empirical evidence. This research provides an objective analysis of homicide rates, using a large database consisting of census data provided by the Instituto Nacional De Estradstica Y Geografa (INEGI) website. Through formal experimentation, we found that the most significant indicators were economic and education variables (e.g., Occupants in Refuge and Population over 5 Years Without Schooling), supporting recommendations on policy changes from other research efforts. This paper presents our experiments, results, and insights regarding future work.
Lymph node size as a simple prognostic factor in node negative colon cancer and an alternative thesis to stage migration

Abstract Background Stage migration is an accepted explanation for the association between lymph node (LN) yield and outcome in colon cancer. To investigate whether the alternative thesis of immune response is more likely, we performed a retrospective study. Methods We enrolled 239 cases of node negative cancers, which were categorized according to the number of LNs with diameters larger than 5 mm (LN5) into the groups LN5-very low (0 to 1 LN5), LN5-low (2 to 5 LN5), and LN5-high (≥6 LN5). Results Significant differences were found in pT3/4 cancers with median survival times of 40, 57, and 71 months ( P = .022) in the LN5-very low, LN5-low, and LN5-high groups, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that LN5 number and infiltration type were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions LN size is prognostic in node negative colon cancer. The correct explanation for outcome differences associated with LN harvest is probably the activation status of LNs.
Non-Thermal Radio Emission From Flare Stars and RS CVn Systems

We review the observations of continuum radio emission from flares on red dwarf stars and from outbursts on RS CVn Systems. In the RS CVn systems, the emission appears to be mainly incoherent, whereas in the flare stars, particularly at the lower frequencies, a coherent mechanism must be at work. In the RS CVn systems, it appears that during a radio outburst, a large fraction of the coronal electrons become highly energetic. We interpret this in the context of deposition of mechanical energy in the corona, followed by a turbulent cascade, and find that the electric fields induced in the corona of an RS CVn star may be large enough to give rise to electron runaway in certain large magnetic loops.
HCCI Engine Control by Thermal Management

This work investigates a control system for HCCI engines, where thermal energy from exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and compression work in the supercharger are either recycled or rejected as needed. HCCI engine operation is analyzed with a detailed chemical kinetics code, HCT (Hydrodynamics, Chemistry and Transport), that has been extensively modified for application to engines. HCT is linked to an optimizer that determines the operating conditions that result in maximum brake thermal efficiency, while meeting the restrictions of low NO{sub x} and peak cylinder pressure. The results show the values of the operating conditions that yield optimum efficiency as a function of torque and RPM. For zero torque (idle), the optimizer determines operating conditions that result in minimum fuel consumption. The optimizer is also used for determining the maximum torque that can be obtained within the operating restrictions of NO{sub x} and peak cylinder pressure. The results show that a thermally controlled HCCI engine can successfully operate over a wide range of conditions at high efficiency and low emissions.
VOLATILES FROM STRAWBERRIES. II. COMBINED MASS SPECTROMETRY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ON COMPLEX MIXTURES.

Abstract The technique of combined mass spectrometry and gas chromatography has been applied to the analysis of a complex oil of strawberry volatiles. Capillary gas chromatography indicated over 150 components. Most of the major components have been identified. These include alcohols, esters, acetals, aldehydes, furfural, methyl furfural, aromatic aldehydes, ketones, and esters, a few terpenes, and a few aromatic hydrocarbons. The strength of this technique is shown by the determination of several compounds in one sharp chromatographic peak. On the other hand certain prominent species could not bbe identified by the low resolution (resolution about 200) mass spectral data obtained.
Lead hazards from old ceramic dinnerware

Abstract Lead is found to leach from the glazes of some pre-1950s ceramic dinnerware in concentrations high enough to constitute a health hazard. When orange, uranium-containing glazed dishes made by U.S. dinnerware companies before 1943 were filled with acetic acid solutions comparable to household vinegar, concentrations of up to 350 micrograms of lead per milliliter of leachate (μg/ml) were measured. The values greatly exceed the 3 μg/ml limit allowed by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for 24-hour leaching of dinnerware with 4% acetic acid. Chromogen screening tests on 40 orange-glazed dishes manufactured by a total of 16 different U.S. companies showed that all release lead in concentrations exceeding FDA limits. Some blue or blue-green dishes manufactured by U.S. companies before 1950 were also found to release lead in unacceptably high concentrations. These glazes are colored with copper compounds and concentrations of lead leached by acetic acid are strongly correlated with concentrations of leached copper. Dishes of these types are widely collected in the U.S. and are readily available in antique stores and flea markets. These dishes are unsafe and should not be used for preparation, storage, or serving of food.
Finding more meaning: the antecedents of uncertainty revisited.

Aims and objectives. The objective of this study was to explore the extent to which several antecedents explained the uncertainty of men who were undergoing the watchful waiting management option for prostate cancer. Background. Uncertainty plays a significant role in explaining various outcomes in the chronically ill. However, little is known about the factors that accompany and modify uncertainty. For uncertainty to predict the outcomes of individuals coping with illness, it is imperative to understand its accompanying antecedents. Design. The study used a correlational single group non-experimental design. Methods. The convenience sample completed a one-time mailed questionnaire aimed at measuring the antecedents of uncertainty. Results. A total of 19 participants completed questionnaires. The results revealed significant relationships between level of education and length of time with illness and uncertainty. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that education explained 52% of the variance in uncertainty. Conclusions. This study strengthens the relationship between both education and length of time with illness, and uncertainty. It further supports the Uncertainty in Illness Model and enhances the understanding of the factors that influence uncertainty in the sample. Relevance to clinical practice. This study assisted in the identification of factors that influence uncertainty in men undergoing the watchful waiting management option for prostate cancer. Future study should examine the role of antecedents in explaining uncertainty in additional populations and using alternative measures, when necessary.
Crystal and molecular structure of [CH3C(S)CHC(S)CH3][CH3S(O)(CH2)2]Ni

Abstract The formation of chelating sulfur ylides has been suggested previously. This study reports the first structural evidence for their existence. The title compound contains a chelating bis(methylene)methylsulfoxonium ligand and a cis-NiC2S2 coordination geometry. The material crystallizes in the space group P21/c with a 13.371(4), b 5.8381(15) and c 15.116(4) A, β 100.18°, Z = 4. With 1206 reflections, R = 0.067. The material appears to be stable to the atmosphere.
Evaporite karst of Northern Lower Michigan

Michigan has three main zones of evaporite karst: collapse breccia in Late Silurian deposits of the Mackinac Straits region; breccia, collapse sinks, and mega-block collapse in Middle Devonian deposits of Northern Lower Michigan, which overlaps the preceding area; and areas of soil swallows in sinks of Mississippian deposits between Turner and Alabaster in Arenac and Iosco counties, and near Grand Rapids in Kent County. The author has focused his study on evaporite karst of the Middle Devonian deposits. The Middle Devonian deposits are the Detroit River Group: a series consisting of limestone, dolomite, shale, salt, gypsum, and anhydrite. The group occurs from subcrop, near the surface, to nearly 1400 feet deep from the northern tip of the Southern Peninsula to the south edge of the “solution front.” Glacial drift is from zero to 350 feet thick. Oil and gas exploration has encountered some significant lost-circulation zones throughout the area. Drilling without fluid returns, casing-seal failures, and lost holes are strong risks in some parts of the region. Lost fluid returns near the top of the group in nearby areas indicate some karst development shortly after deposition. Large and irregular lost-circulation zones, linear and patch trends of large sink holes, and 0.25 mile wide blocks of down-dropped land in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan were caused by surface-and ground-water movement along faults into the Detroit River Group. Glaciation has removed some evidence of the karst area at the surface. Sinkhole development, collapse valleys, and swallows developed since retreat of the glacier reveal an active solution front in the Detroit River Group.
Synaptic potentiation onto habenula neurons in the learned helplessness model of depression

The cellular basis of depressive disorders is poorly understood. Recent studies in monkeys indicate that neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), a nucleus that mediates communication between forebrain and midbrain structures, can increase their activity when an animal fails to receive an expected positive reward or receives a stimulus that predicts aversive conditions (that is, disappointment or anticipation of a negative outcome). LHb neurons project to, and modulate, dopamine-rich regions, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), that control reward-seeking behaviour and participate in depressive disorders. Here we show that in two learned helplessness models of depression, excitatory synapses onto LHb neurons projecting to the VTA are potentiated. Synaptic potentiation correlates with an animal's helplessness behaviour and is due to an enhanced presynaptic release probability. Depleting transmitter release by repeated electrical stimulation of LHb afferents, using a protocol that can be effective for patients who are depressed, markedly suppresses synaptic drive onto VTA-projecting LHb neurons in brain slices and can significantly reduce learned helplessness behaviour in rats. Our results indicate that increased presynaptic action onto LHb neurons contributes to the rodent learned helplessness model of depression.
Federal District Court Decision Making in Public Forum and Religious Speech Cases, 1973–2001

This article investigates federal district court decision making in First Amendment lawsuits concerning religious expression and public forums. As trial courts, district courts are the first to adjudicate claims concerning religious speech in public places and thus they determine whether a public forum is open to expression in general, as well as grant or deny access to that forum for a religious speaker. With a comprehensive database of all district court cases concerning religious expression and public forum doctrine, we use logistic regression to measure the significance of several legal and extra-legal variables in order to explain district court outcomes.
Length and curvature in the geometry of thermodynamics

The relationship between Weinhold's metric geometry and the Riemannian geometry of thermodynamics is presented.
Conditions for Nucleotide-dependent GroES-GroEL Interactions GroEL14(GroES7)2 IS FAVORED BY AN ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF NUCLEOTIDES

A still unresolved question regarding the mechanism of chaperonin-assisted protein folding involves the stoichiometry of the GroEL-GroES complex. This is important, because the activities of the Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL are modulated by the cochaperonin GroES. In this report, the binding of GroES to highly purified GroEL in the presence of ATP, ADP, and the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, 5'-adenylyl beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), was investigated by using the fluorescence anisotropy of succinimidyl-1-pyrenebutyrate-labeled GroES. In the presence of Mg2+-ATP and high [KCl] (10 mM), two GroES7 rings bind per one GroEL14. In contrast, in the presence of ADP or AMP-PNP only one molecule of oligomeric GroES can be tightly bound by GroEL. With AMP-PNP, binding of a small amount (<20%) of a second GroES can be detected. In the presence of ADP alone, a second GroES ring can bind to GroEL weakly and with negative cooperativity. Strikingly, addition of AMP-PNP to the solution containing preformed GroEL14(GroES7) complexes formed in the presence of ADP results in an increase in the fluorescence anisotropy. Analysis of this effect indicates that 2 mol of GroES oligomer can be bound in the presence of mixed nucleotides. A similar conclusion follows from studies in which ADP is added to an GroEL14 (GroES7) complex formed in the presence of AMP-PNP. This is the first demonstration of an asymmetric distribution of nucleotides bound on the 1:2 GroEL14 (GroES7)2 complex. The relation of the observed phenomena to the proposed mechanism of the GroEL function is discussed.
Long-range Lennard-Jones and electrostatic interactions in interfaces: application of the isotropic periodic sum method.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of heptane/vapor, hexadecane/vapor, water/vapor, hexadecane/water, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers and monolayers are analyzed to determine the accuracy of treating long-range interactions in interfaces with the isotropic periodic sum (IPS) method. The method and cutoff (rc) dependences of surface tensions, density profiles, water dipole orientation, and electrostatic potential profiles are used as metrics. The water/vapor, heptane/vapor, and hexadecane/vapor interfaces are accurately and efficiently calculated with 2D IPS (rc = 10 A). It is demonstrated that 3D IPS is not practical for any of the interfacial systems studied. However, the hybrid method PME/IPS [Particle Mesh Ewald for electrostatics and 3D IPS for Lennard-Jones (LJ) interactions] provides an efficient way to include both types of long-range forces in simulations of large liquid/vacuum and all liquid/liquid interfaces, including lipid monolayers and bilayers. A previously published pre...
Toward complete programming language descriptions that are both formal and understandable

Description d'une approche, et une etude de cas, de la construction des descriptions de langage de programmation qui sont a la fois formels et facilement comprehensibles. Une telle description comprend des specifications integrees pour une syntaxe textuelle et abstraite, des conditions de contextes (semantique statique) et une semantique dynamique
Chloridobis[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)ethanamine-κ2P,N](triphenylphosphane-κP)ruthenium(II) chloride toluene monosolvate

The amino­phosphane ligand 1-amino-2-(di­phenyl­phos­phanyl)ethane [Ph2P(CH2)2NH2] reacts with di­chlorido­tris­(tri­phenyl­phosphane)ruthenium(II), [RuCl2(PPh3)3], to form chlorido­bis­[2-(di­phenyl­phosphanyl)ethanamine-κ2P,N](tri­phenyl­phos­phane-κP)ruthenium(II) chloride toluene monosolvate, [RuCl(C18H15P)(C14H16NP)2]Cl·C7H8 or [RuCl(PPh3){Ph2P(CH2)2NH2}2]Cl·C7H8. The asymmetric unit of the monoclinic unit cell contains two mol­ecules of the RuII cation, two chloride anions and two toluene mol­ecules. The RuII cation is octa­hedrally coordinated by two chelating Ph2P(CH2)2NH2 ligands, a tri­phenyl­phosphane (PPh3) ligand and a chloride ligand. The three P atoms are meridionally coordinated, with the Ph2P– groups from the ligands being trans. The two –NH2 groups are cis, as are the chloride and PPh3 ligands. This chiral stereochemistry of the [RuCl(PPh3){Ph2P(CH2)2NH2}2]+ cat­ion is unique in ruthenium–amino­phosphane chemistry.
Providing Access to Justice Through Service Learning

In the Casper College Legal Service (CCLS) program, Casper College paralegal students, under supervision of pro bono attorneys, use paralegal skills to provide legal services and work product. CCLS is different from other legal clinics; it is not law school based, bar based, or court based. CCLS is paralegal based.
Noninvasive blood pressure measurements on the temporal artery

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded noninvasively on the temporal artery and compared with systolic and diastolic blood pressures obtained from the brachial artery. Both types of measurements were based on the detection of Korotkoff sounds. Data was collected from five subjects with the subjects lying in a supine position, sitting at rest. and sitting immediately after moderate exercise. This comparative study showed that both pressure measurements track each other within a difference margin of ±10%. which is comparable to the generally accepted accuracy of noninvasive blood pressure measurements.
Serous microcystic adenoma of the pancreas associated with malrotation and Hirschsprung’s disease in an infant

Serous microcystic adenoma of the pancreas is an uncommon tumor in adults, and reported in pediatric patients only a handful of times. The authors present a case of a 6 month patient with incidental finding of a large cystic mass on the tail of the pancreas during an operation for Hirschsprung's disease. Final pathology was consistent with serous microcystic adenoma. This is the second case report describing this lesion in an infant, and the first time it has been associated with Hirschsprung's disease.
Sorptivity as a measure of salt frost scaling resistance of air-entrained concrete

Salt frost scaling is the progressive deterioration of the concrete surface associated with freezing and thawing in the presence of a salt solution. Its major mechanism has been confirmed to be cryogenic suction that promotes continuous ice growth in the surface region. In this paper, salt frost scaling of different air-entrained concretes is investigated, alone with the room-temperature sorptivity measurement. A clear correlation is found between the two properties, which is supported by a theoretical analysis on the sorptivity. These findings explain why HPC of low w/b ratio and associated low capillary porosity has much improved scaling resistance. Similar benefits are obtained for regular w/b ratio concrete containing high cementitious replacement level of slag cement.
Intravascular haemolysis with experimentally produced vascular thrombi.

SUMMARY Studies are presented on the haemoglobinaemia observed during intravascular coagulation in rabbits due to thrombin infusion or endotoxin injection. The haemoglobinaemia was unrelated to the type or amount of thrombin, but was closely correlated to the degree and extent of fibrin thrombi in the renal glomeruli and in the small vessels of other organs, an effect potentiated by thorotrast. The haemoglobinaemia was not dependent on the presence of the spleen or the kidneys, or on circulating granulocytes, but could be prevented by heparin. The haemoglobinaemia was associated with the appearance of fragmented red cells in the circulation. It is suggested that the haemoglobinaemia is due to intravascular destruction of red cells at the site of fibrin thrombi, and that changes in the red cell may also enhance thrombosis.
Volume plasmon ejection of ions in pulsed ultraviolet laser induced desorption from several metals

A study of pulsed UV laser induced desorption (LID) at 248 nm has been performed on several single-crystal metal samples: Al(111), W(100), and Ni(111). It has been found that for each sample the kinetic-energy distribution of the desorbed ions is sharply peaked at the volume plasmon energy. The acceleration of an ion through interaction with an electromagnetic wave at the surface of a conductor provides unambiguous evidence that volume plasmons are excited in the metal samples during these LID experiments. Our data indicate that the pulsed UV laser photons can excite volume plasmons in the metal sample with quantum energies three or more times the energy of a single photon. This experimental observation provides strong support for the notion that volume plasmons can play an important role in laser-surface interactions, and a few of the implications of this notion are discussed.
Delineation of inferior vena caval anatomy with 3-dimensional computerized tomography reconstruction.

A55-year-old female presented with a history of intermittent, painful gross hematuria. On examination she was afebrile with stable vital signs and right costovertebral angle tenderness with deep palpation. Hemoglobin, blood differential, blood chemistry studies and urinalysis were unremarkable. Multiphasic helical computerized tomography demonstrated an enhancing 3 5 cm right lower pole mass suspicious for malignancy. Post-processing 3-dimensional reconstructions of the arterial phase computerized tomogram displayed aberrant vena caval anatomy with a left inferior vena cava (IVC) (see figure). Preoperative review of the abdominal venous anatomy enabled an uncomplicated laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy to be performed. Final pathological diagnosis was stage 1b, Fuhrman grade 3, clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Embryologically the abdominal venous drainage system develops from the posterior cardinal, subcardinal and supracardinal veins. 1 These systems, formed by 8 weeks of gestation, communicate with each other, anastomose, and eventually degenerate to leave a right IVC, a short right renal vein and a single ventral left renal vein among other tributaries. The IVC develops from the right subcardinal vein above the level of the renal veins and the vena cava develops from the right supracardinal vein below the renal veins. Anomalies occur with the persistence of additional or other embryonic segments. Persistence of the left supracardinal vein with regression of the right vein results in a left IVC (see figure). Left IVCs cross over the aorta (part B of figure, arrow) and mirror normal vena caval anatomy with the left adrenal and gonadal veins emptying directly into the IVC, while the right adrenal and gonadal veins empty into the right renal vein (part A of figure, arrow). 1 Below the level of the renal veins the aberrant IVC is to the left of the aorta (part C of figure, arrow). Persistence of both supracardinal veins results in a double IVC and can lead to symptoms including renal obstruction/ stones, lumbar/flank pain, hypertension, venous stasis or varicocele. Anomalies of the subcardinal vein can result in interruption of the IVC with azygous/hemiazygous continuation. Persistence of the posterior cardinal veins results in retrocaval/ circumcaval ureters. Although some patients with anomalous abdominal venous drainage may present with symptoms, many are asymptomatic and the aberrant anatomy is discovered incidentally on radiographic evaluation or surgical exploration.
Chemical biologists rush to San Francisco for the ICBS.

An international group of chemical biologists convened in San Francisco to present the latest scientific findings, discuss future directions and be inspired by research at the interface of chemistry and biology. This report on the third annual conference of the International Chemical Biology Society provides a brief overview of the meeting and its scientific program.
Analysis of the FDA GLP Compliance Audit Findings from 1979 to 1985

An independent panel of quality assurance professionals evaluated the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's FD483 forms. FD483 forms are used during laboratory site visits to document adverse finding...
Characterization of Amalgamated Free Blocks of a Graph von Neumann Algebra

We identify two noncommutative structures naturally associated with countable directed graphs. They are formulated in the language of operators on Hilbert spaces. If G is a countable directed graphs with its vertex set V(G) and its edge set E(G), then we associate partial isometries to the edges in E(G) and projections to the vertices in V(G). We construct a corresponding von Neumann algebra $${\mathbb{M}}_G$$ as a groupoid crossed product algebra $$M \times_{\alpha} {\mathbb{G}}$$ of an arbitrary fixed von Neumann algebra M and the graph groupoid $${\mathbb{G}}$$ induced by G, via a graph-representation (or a groupoid action) α. Graph groupoids are well-determined (categorial) groupoids. The graph groupoid $${\mathbb{G}}$$ of G has its binary operation, called admissibility. This $${\mathbb{G}}$$ has concrete local parts $${\mathbb{G}}_e$$ , for all e ∈ E(G). We characterize $$M_{e} = M \times_{\alpha} {\mathbb{G}}_e$$ of $${\mathbb{M}}_G$$ , induced by the local parts $${\mathbb{G}}_e$$ of $${\mathbb{G}}$$ , for all e ∈ E(G). We then characterize all amalgamated free blocks $${\mathbb{M}}_{e} = \nu N(M_{e}, {\mathbb{D}}_G)$$ of $${\mathbb{M}}_G$$ . They are chracterized by well-known von Neumann algebras: the classical group crossed product algebras $$M \times_{\lambda(e)}{\mathbb{Z}}$$ , and certain subalgebras $$M_{2}^{\alpha_{e}}$$ (M) of operator-valued matricial algebra $$M \otimes_{\mathbb{C}} M_{2}({\mathbb{C}})$$ . This shows that graph von Neumann algebras identify the key properties of graph groupoids.
Elastic Scattering of Protons and Neutrons by Helium

Proton-alpha elastic scattering experiments at 5.81 and 9.48 Mev are analyzed in terms of phase shifts, and the results, together with earlier ones at lower energies, are used to compute the logarithmic derivatives of the wave functions at a radius of 2.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm. These logarithmic derivaties, for ${P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and ${P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ states, are found to be linear functions of the energy. From the behavior of the logarithmic derivatives the widths and positions of the ${P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and ${P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ energy levels are determined, the most striking results being the large splitting of the two levels and the very broad width of the ${P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ level. These results are compared with neutron-alpha experiments and are found to be in sufficiently good agreement to support the conclusions about the ${P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ level which differ from those previously expected. Small negative $D$ wave phase shifts are found in the proton-alpha experiments which also show evidence of an inverted doublet spin-orbit splitting.
GEMS x-ray polarimeter performance simulations

The Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small explorer (GEMS) is an X-ray polarization telescope selected as a NASA small explorer satellite mission. The X-ray Polarimeter on GEMS uses a Time Projection Chamber gas proportional counter to measure the polarization of astrophysical X-rays in the 2-10 keV band by sensing the direction of the track of the primary photoelectron excited by the incident X-ray. We have simulated the expected sensitivity of the polarimeter to polarized X-rays. We use the simulation package Penelope to model the physics of the interaction of the initial photoelectron with the detector gas and to determine the distribution of charge deposited in the detector volume. We then model the charge diffusion in the detector,and produce simulated track images. Within the track reconstruction algorithm we apply cuts on the track shape and focus on the initial photoelectron direction in order to maximize the overall sensitivity of the instrument, using this technique we have predicted instrument modulation factors nu(sub 100) for 100% polarized X-rays ranging from 10% to over 60% across the 2-10 keV X-ray band. We also discuss the simulation program used to develop and model some of the algorithms used for triggering, and energy measurement of events in the polarimeter.
Fast Queuing Policies for Multimedia Applications

We present an analytical framework for providing Quality of Service (QoS) using queuing policies that achieves a given target distribution of packets in a network queue. To a large extent, the stationary distribution of packets in the queue resulted from employing a certain queuing policy directly controls the typical QoS metrics for multimedia applications. Therefore, using the packet distribution in the queue as the metric, the proposed framework allows for a more general and precise control of QoS beyond the standard metrics such as bandwidth, jitter, loss, and delay. Moreover, the proposed framework aims to find a fast queuing policy that achieves a given target stationary distribution. This fast adaptation is especially useful for multimedia applications in fast-changing network conditions. As an example, we present a general procedure for obtaining a queuing policy that optimizes for a given arbitrary objective along with the standard QoS requirements. Both theory and simulation results are presented to verify our framework.
Re-evaluation of antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.

Purpose of reviewRecently, recommendations from the American Heart Association regarding treatment of streptococcal tonsillo-pharyngitis were revised. This review provides the background for changes that were made in comparison with the group's 1995 recommendations. Recent papers on other issues rel
Characterizing the Impact of Rollback Avoidance at Extreme-Scale: A Modeling Approach

Resilience to failure is a key concern for next-generation high-performance computing systems. The dominant fault tolerance mechanism, coordinated checkpoint/restart, is projected to no longer be a viable option on these systems due to its predicted overheads. Rollback avoidance has the potential to prolong the viability of coordinated checkpoint/restart by allowing an application to make meaningful forward progress, perhaps with degraded performance, despite the occurrence or imminence of a failure. In this paper, we present two general analytic models for the performance of rollback avoidance techniques and validate these models against the performance of existing rollback avoidance techniques. We then use these models to evaluate the applicability of rollback avoidance for next-generation exascale systems. This includes analysis of exascale system design questions such as: (1) how effective must an application-specific rollback avoidance technique be to usefully augment checkpointing in an exascale system? (2) when is rollback avoidance on its own a viable alternative to coordinated checkpointing? and (3) how do rollback avoidance techniques and system characteristics interact to influence application performance?
Maternal diabetes does not alter postnatal development of the hepatic glucagon receptor-adenylate cyclase system in the rat.

Summary: We examined the postnatal maturation of the glucagon receptor-adenylate cyclase system of liver plasma membrane from rats born to normal or streptozotocin-induced diabetic mothers and compared results to those of nonpregnant adult. Diabetes in mothers was confirmed by hyperglycemia (458 ± 41 versus 128 ± 13 mg/dl; mean ± S.E.) and relative hypoinsulinemia (4.3 ± 1.0 versus 7.4 ± 1.0 ng/ml) when compared to controls. Pups born to diabetic mothers (IDM) were hyperglycemic (59 ± 6 versus 23 ± 5 mg/dl) but not significantly hyperinsulinemic (4.3 ± 0.5 versus 3.5 ± 0.6 ng/ml) when compared to control pups on day 1; by day 7 and on day 21 glucose and insulin were similar in IDM and control pups. Binding of [125I]-glucagon to liver plasma membrane was markedly reduced in both IDM and control newborns corresponding to 20, 25, and 30% of normal adult values on days 1, 7, and 21 of life. Resolution of the curvilinear Scatchard plots of binding data by the two-site model (high affinity-low capacity; low affinity-high capacity) revealed a progressive increase in receptor number (X 1011/mg protein) of the high affinity sites from 0.9 on day 1 to 1.7 on day 7 and 2.2 on day 21; normal adult was 6.1. Neither the affinity constants of the high or low affinity components, nor the number of low affinity sites differed substantially between adult or newborns at any postnatal age. Basal cAMP production (pM/mg protein/10 min) was similar in adult and newborn. But cAMP production in response to 10–9 to 10–6 M glucagon was always greater in adult than newborn until day 21. Whereas adult liver plasma membrane increased cAMP production with 10–9 M glucagon, the minimum concentration of glucagon capable of consistently and significantly increasing cAMP in newborn on day 1 and 7 was 10–7 M. cAMP production above basal in response to glucagon correlated with glucagon binding and with the number of high affinity glucagon receptors. Adequacy of neonatal liver adenylate cyclase activity was demonstrated by the equivalent responses in cAMP in adult or newborn at any ages after stimulation with 15 mM sodium fluoride; thus, the reduction in number of glucagon receptors in the newborn was specifically responsible for decreased cAMP production after glucagon stimulation. No difference in this pattern of postnatal maturation of glucagon receptors-cAMP production was apparent in liver plasma membrane from controls or IDM pups.
A Rapid, Orthogonal Synthesis of Poly(benzyl ester) Dendrimers via an “Activated” Monomer Approach

Herein we introduce the concept of an “activated” monomer approach to the synthesis of convergent dendrimers. In this method a set of chemically orthogonal monomers, one of which is an “activated” ...
SPE International Award Address–1978 Barrier properties and migration problems of plastics

The present state of knowledge of the manner in which small molecules dissolve and diffuse in plastic materials is briefly described. The advantages and disadvantages of these phenomena are outlined. Two aspects, one positive and one negative, are reviewed in more detail. The use of plastic materials as barriers to gas and vapor transport particularly in packaging applications is described and illustrated by examples. Typical permeability values for water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide in various polymer films are given. Values for hydrogen and helium are included to illustrate the possible use of plastic films for gas separations. On the negative side, the migration of residual monomers and other, possibly toxic, substances out of plastic materials can be a serious problem. Some of the basic considerations and practical solutions to the migration problem are discussed in more detail.
The role of TRP channels in oxidative stress-induced cell death.

The transient receptor potential (TRP) protein superfamily is a diverse group of voltage-independent calcium-permeable cation channels expressed in mammalian cells. These channels have been divided into six subfamilies, and two of them, TRPC and TRPM, have members that are widely expressed and activated by oxidative stress. TRPC3 and TRPC4 are activated by oxidants, which induce Na+ and Ca2+ entry into cells through mechanisms that are dependent on phospholipase C. TRPM2 is activated by oxidative stress or TNFα, and the mechanism involves production of ADP-ribose, which binds to an ADP-ribose binding cleft in the TRPM2 C-terminus. Treatment of HEK 293T cells expressing TRPM2 with H2O2 resulted in Ca2+ influx and increased susceptibility to cell death, whereas coexpression of the dominant negative isoform TRPM2-S suppressed H2O2-induced Ca2+ influx, the increase in [Ca2+]i, and onset of apoptosis. U937-ecoR monocytic cells expressing increased levels of TRPM2 also exhibited significantly increased [Ca2+]i and increased apoptosis after treatment with H2O2 or TNFα. A dramatic increase in caspase 8, 9, 3, 7, and PARP cleavage was observed in TRPM2-expressing cells, demonstrating a downstream mechanism through which cell death is mediated. Inhibition of endogenous TRPM2 function through three approaches, depletion of TRPM2 by RNA interference, blockade of the increase in [Ca2+]i through TRPM2 by calcium chelation, or expression of the dominant negative splice variant TRPM2-S protected cell viability. H2O2 and amyloid β-peptide also induced cell death in primary cultures of rat striatal cells, which endogenously express TRPM2. TRPM7 is activated by reactive oxygen species/nitrogen species, resulting in cation conductance and anoxic neuronal cell death, which is rescued by suppression of TRPM7 expression. TRPM2 and TRPM7 channels are physiologically important in oxidative stress-induced cell death.
Emotional arousal as a function of perceived locus of control and task requirements.

(1971). Emotional Arousal as a Function of Perceived Locus of Control and Task Requirements. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 185-191.
Transbrachial hepatic arterial chemotherapy using an implanted infusion pump

Two patients with hepatic metastases from colonic cancer were treated with hepatic arterial FUDR using an innovative drug infusion system. The two patients reported underwent transbrachial hepatic artery catheterization with a 5 French polyethylene catheter. This catheter was amputated just distal to its exit from the brachial artery and attached to a totally implantable, percutaneously refillable drug infusion pump placed in the infraclavicular position. The patients received FUDR at flow rates of 3–4 ml/day. The pumps were refilled weekly by percutaneous injection. One patient was treated for seven weeks, and another for ten weeks without technical difficulties. This innovative approach offers marked improvement in comfort and convenience for patients who are candidates for long-term hepatic artery chemotherapy, and avoids the morbidity of laparotomy for direct hepatic arterial catheterization.
Abstract 4559: Herceptin trimers linked by EDC could boost direct tumor cell death and overcome resistance to trastuzumab treatment via programmed tumor cell necrosis

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) is overexpressed in multiple types of tumors, including breast tumors and osteosarcoma. Tumor-targeted antibody therapy is one of the safest therapeutics available, but it is often ineffective in treating primary and acquired antibody-resistant tumor cells via indirect tumor cell death and inducing direct tumor cell death. This study reveals that Herceptin conjugates, if generated via the crosslinker EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodimide hydrochloride), is capable of causing Her2 positive tumor cell death. Using an HPLC system, two peaks with estimated molecular weights of antibody dimers and trimers were isolated. The Herceptin dimer and trimer separated by HPLC, especially the trimer, induces significant levels of necrotic tumor cell death. Unlike SMCC conjugated Herceptin, this study indicates that the EDC-conjugated Herceptin overcomes the acquired resistance. The Herceptin trimer is more effective than the dimer in enhancing Herceptin-resistant tumor cell death. Surprisingly different from the known cell death mechanism often resulting from antibody treatment, the Herceptin trimer causes effective and direct tumor cell death via a novel cell death mechanism: programmed cell necrosis. Inhibition of RIP, a critical regulator of programmed necrotic cell death, reversed the Herceptin trimer-induced cell death. In summary, the Herceptin conjugate especially trimer linked by EDC could overcome Her2 positive breast cancer or osteosarcoma cells as well as the resistant cell lines via program cell necrosis cell death. This conjugate has great potential for overcoming the tumor cell resistance to the Herceptin treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4559. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4559
Chemical interaction of palladium particles with iron cations in NaY

Abstract TPR results show that Pd in PdFe/NaY samples strongly catalyzes the reduction by hydrogen of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . Mossbauer data demonstrate an interaction of reduced palladium particles with Fe 2+ cations in the zeolite; TPD of hydrogen reveals that this interaction increases with increasing reduction temperature. FT-IR spectra of adsorbed carbon monoxide indicate that Fe cations adhere to the surface of the Pd particles, similar to Ti ions on TiO 2 -supported group VIII metals in the SMSI state. After high-temperature reduction, the Pd coordination number derived from EXAFS is lower for PdFe/NaY than for Pd/NaY. It is proposed that Fe cations, which decorate the Pd particles, inhibit the migration of the particles by coulombic interaction with the zeolite lattice.
A specific arousal effect from barpressing on nonspecific arousal in rats

Running-wheel activity and barpressing on either an FR 10 or FI 30-sec schedule of sugar-water reward were recorded, respectively, as measures of nonspecific and specific arousal of rats. The running-wheel activity of all rats was consistent across days and across within-day segments. Also, higher rates of running-wheel activity were associated with higher rates of FR performance but not FI performance. These results showed that nonspecific arousal had a positive relationship with both nonincentive- and incentive-motivated behaviors, although the relationship with the incentive task appeared to depend on whether efficient task performance could be facilitated or not by the higher levels of arousal. A separate effect of specific arousal also was in evidence since higher rates of activity on the running-wheel measure, relative to the previous night, were observed to follow higher rates of FR performance. The findings were interpreted as evidence for separate systems of arousal.
Optoelectronic tweezers: Organizing nanowires

An optoelectronic method for sorting nanowires of different compositions and assembling them into reconfigurable arrays could be important for creating future nanodevices.
Design of the ESCAR Injection Beam Line

The design features of the elements of the ESCAR (Experimental Superconducting Accelerator Ring) injection beam line are described. The junction of the proton transport system with the ESCAR injection straight section requires the design of mechanical elements compatible with the 10-11 torr vacuum requirements of the main ring. These elements include a novel septum magnet whose salient design features include a current-carrying septum of tapered thickness, to reduce the overall power requirements, and total enclosure of the magnet coil in a metal can for vacuum compatibility. Other elements are a wire electro-static septum, and several fast-rise "bump magnets". A transition cryopump is designed to seperate the main ring vacuum from the relatively poor 10-6 torr vacuum of the conventional beam transport line. A brief description of the conventional beam transport line from the 50 MeV proton linac, recently installed for Bevatron injection, is also included.
RTI Tier Structures and Instructional Intensity

Response-to-intervention (RTI) frameworks have become increasingly prevalent in schools as an academic and behavioral prevention and intervention organizational approach that emphasizes students' responsiveness and nonresponsiveness as indicators of appropriate curricular and instructional decisions. Theoretical as well as practical descriptions of RTI always include the concept of increasingly intense interventions to ensure that students receive sufficient learning opportunities to optimize their successful learning and achievement. This article describes 10 dimensions by which intervention intensity might be increased and reports data from a study of 41 schools related to some of these dimensions. Implications for federal, state, and local policy and local school and classroom implementation are identified for consideration in planning, implementing, and sustaining RTI.
Reasons for higher in-hospital mortality >24 hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in women compared with men

Women have a higher in-hospital mortality rate than men after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To determine reasons for this, we analyzed the outcome of PTCA at our institution from 1989 to 1995 for 5,989 patients (2,101 women). Women were older than men (66.8 ± 10.9 vs 61.0 ± 11.2 years, respectively; p 24 hours after PTCA were age, a prior history of congestive heart failure, vascular injury, and use of thrombolytic agents. Of those dying >24 hours after the procedure, 67% of women suffered a noncardiac-related death compared with only 10% of men (p 24 hours after PTCA and before discharge due to a higher rate of noncardiac death.
Laboratory astrophysics and atomic physics using the NASA/GSFC microcalorimeter spectrometers at the LLNL electron beam ion trap and radiation properties facility

The 32 pixel laboratory microcalorimeter spectrometer built by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is now an integral part of the spectroscopy suite used routinely by the electron beam ion trap and radiative properties group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The second generation laboratory instrument, dubbed the XRS/EBIT, is nearly identical to the XRS instrument on the Suzaku X-ray Observatory, formerly Astro-E2. The detector array is from the same processed wafer and uses the same HgTe absorbers. It is being used to measure the photon emission from a variety of radiation sources. These include X-ray emission from laboratory simulated celestial sources, X-ray emission from highly charged ions of Au, and X-ray emission following charge exchange and radiative electron capture. The wide range of applications demonstrates the versatility of a high-resolution, high-efficiency low-temperature detector that is able to collect data continually with minimal operator servicing.