cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Justice and Domestic Health Research

King expresses his thoughts about the author Alex London's challenged for global research community with his proposal for a human development approach to international research He argued that much health-related research conducted in resource-poor countries exploited vulnerable populations, taking advantage of their lack of health care by treating the status quo as a usual care control arm The disparate impact of Covid-19 on underserved communities of color in the US has made it clear that long-standing structural racism and income inequality have produced significant health disparities, as well as disparities in access to affordable, effective health care Justice therefore requires applying the human development approach to domestic health-related research The author highlights the need of a research agenda that responds to the reasons for the pandemic's disparate impact on underserved and under-resourced communities of color in the country
Abstract 6129: A scalable, non-biased screen for isolating functionally metastatic cell populations

Up to 90% of cancer-associated deaths are due to metastasis. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of metastasis are poorly understood, largely because of a lack of technologies to routinely and robustly isolate, propagate, and culture metastatic cells. Current cellular models for metastasis are hindered by a lack of scalability, a high cost per experiment, and the length of experiments. In this proof-of-principle study, we injected an invasive triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, into zebrafish embryos. Cells were monitored for invasion from the yolk sac into the zebrafish circulatory system, representing a cell population analogous to metastatic, circulating tumor cells. Within 5 days, cells had migrated from the primary injection site to the tail. Tails showing migration of cells were excised, digested, and the labeled human-cancer cells were propagated. Re-injection of propagated cells resulted in serial generations (F1 and F2). The time required for migration decreased with each succeeding generation; with the latest (F2) generation migrating to the tail within 24 hours. In addition to being more invasive, cells that migrated to the tail displayed a more mesenchymal phenotype compared to parental cells. Consistent with this finding, RNA-seq analysis showed an upregulation of genes involved in an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Moreover, the highest differentially expressed genes have been independently associated with metastasis. Finally, in silico analyses demonstrated that the upregulated genes were clinically significant. Together these data provide proof-of-principle that we have established a scalable, rapid, and robust method that can provide routine access to invasive metastatic cells. The platform combines in vivo and in vitro components that can be used to isolate, enrich, and propagate metastatic cells from individual patients, and has the potential to advance basic and translational research in tumor metastasis. This cellular model relies solely on cell behavior and is a non-biased method that can be widely applied to all tumor types as it does not require specific biomarkers. In addition to providing a tool for advancing our understanding of metastases, the technology has the potential to be used in screening for drugs that specifically target metastatic cells; a critical unmet need in the treatment of human cancers. Citation Format: Jerry Xiao, Alex Lekan, Kelly Stanton, Eric Glasgow, Seema Agarwal. A scalable, non-biased screen for isolating functionally metastatic cell populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6129.
Ozone-Sensitivity of Ten Milkweed Species (Asclepias spp.)

Ozone is the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in the United States. and Asclepias spp. (milkweeds) are among the most ozone-sensitive plants. Ten milkweed species were exposed to ozone in chambers within a greenhouse during 2018 and 2019. Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed) developed the greatest level of ozone-induced leaf injury (“stipple”) in both studies. Asclepias viridis (Green Antelopehorn) and A. eriocarpa (Woolypod Milkweed) exhibited moderate levels of ozone-induced stipple. Asclepias latifolia (Broadleaf Milkweed), A. fascicularis (Mexican Whorled Milkweed), A. arenaria (Sand Milkweed), A. viridiflora (Green Comet Milkweed), A. cordifolia (Heartleaf Milkweed), A. asperula (Spider Milkweed), and A. labriformis (Utah Milkweed) were tolerant, showing minimal or no stipple following exposure to ozone. Results were entered into a master database, which now lists the relative ozone-sensitivity or resistance of 22 of 76 (29%) milkweed species.
Achieving Linear Response in Fabricated Deep-Etched Holograms With Heidelberg uPG 101

Deep-etched holograms will make possible the scaling of Optical Trap Displays. Before these holograms are fabricated, their response must be calibrated for linearity. This paper describes gamma correction and reports a model for linear exposure.
Calling All Issuers: The Market for Debt Monitoring

Almost 95% of long-term municipal bonds have callable features, and despite low interest rates, we find that a substantial fraction of local governments exercise these options with significant delays. Using data from 2001 to 2018, we estimate that U.S. municipals lost over $31 billion from delayed refinancing, whereas U.S. corporates lost only a comparative $1.4 billion. We present evidence that these delays are related to gaps in localized debt monitoring of issuers by their underwriters. For instance, when a bond’s call unlocks in the fiscal year-end calendar month of a local government – a particularly busy time for finance departments – the decision to call is delayed significantly longer. A significantly longer delay also occurs when a municipality is faced with an abnormally large number of calls all coming due at once. These effects are magnified in smaller municipalities, staffed with smaller finance departments. Moreover the market for underwriters (outside monitors), is a dispersed one exhibiting substantial variation in local specialization. While the municipality-underwriter relationship is quite sticky over time - with 87% of a municipality’s bonds being issued with the same underwriter over our sample period – it is the locally specialized underwriters who are in particular associated with the least amount of delays. This positive local specialization impact is accentuated especially for the smallest issuers.
The Mixed Effects of Candidate Visits on Campaign Donations in the 2020 Presidential Election

Recent scholarship on the effect of candidate visits in presidential elections has found that appearances by candidates appear to mobilize both supporters and opponents. Specifically, in the 2016 p...
Functional analysis of two matrix attachment region (MAR) elements in transgenic maize plants

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are binding sites for nuclear scaffold proteins in vitro, and are proposed to mediate the attachment of chromatin to the nuclear scaffold in vivo. Previous reports suggest that MAR elements may stabilize transgene expression. Here, we tested the effects of two maize MAR elements (P-MAR from the P1-rr gene, and Adh1-MAR from the adh1 gene) on the expression of a gusA reporter gene driven by three different promoters: the maize p1 gene promoter, a wheat peroxidase (WP) gene promoter, or a synthetic promoter (Rsyn7). The inclusion of P-MAR or Adh1-MAR on P::GUS transgene constructs did not reduce variation in the levels of GUS activity among independent transformation events, nor among the progeny derived from each event. The Adh1-MAR element did not affect GUS expression driven by the WP promoter, but did modify the spatial pattern of expression of the Rsyn7::GUS transgene. These results indicate that, in transgenic maize plants, the effects of MAR elements can vary significantly depending upon the promoter used to drive the transgene.
Constructing and Deconstructing Roles for the Primary Cilium in Tissue Architecture and Cancer

Primary cilia are exquisitely designed sensory machines that have evolved at least three distinct sensory modalities to monitor the extracellular environment. The presence and activation of growth factor, morphogen, and hormone receptors within the confines of the ciliary membrane, the intrinsic physical relationship between the ciliary axoneme and the centriole, and the preferential assembly of primary cilia on the apical surfaces of tissue epithelia highlight the importance of this organelle in the establishment and maintenance of tissue architecture and homeostasis. Accordingly, recent studies begin to suggest roles for these organelles in oncogenesis and tumor suppression. Here, we review the sensory properties of primary cilia, assess the "history" of the primary cilium in cancer, and draw upon recent findings in a discussion of how the primary cilium may influence tissue architecture and neoplasia.
Tort Reform Through Damages Law Reform: An American Perspective

Substantive tort liability depends on whether the defendant breached a duty of care and thereby caused an injury that is fairly part of the risk the defendant took. Yet, whether the defendant is liable or not is only part of the story. The way we determine the amount of money awarded to successful plaintiffs also critically impacts upon tort law’s social function. Indeed, sweeping changes in the law of damages can dramatically transform tort law.1 Perhaps this explains why Professor Harold Luntz has made damages a central focus of his scholarship.2 At common law, tort damages were meant to provide complete compensation for the tort victim’s loss. When a wrongdoer caused harm, the goal of tort damages was to force the defendant to pay for everything necessary to make the specific plaintiff whole. Awards were meant to be highly individualised as to their amount, so as to reflect the unique circumstances of every individual case. Precise justice was understood to be as important in the award of monetary recovery as it was in the determination of liability itself. Many people continue to embrace this view, and it clearly reflects the perspective of many judges and legislators in a large number of United States jurisdictions. American tort lawyers who represent plaintiffs in court typically make their reputations by convincing juries that an enormous sum is required to put a particular victim equivalently back in the position he or she would have been in but for the tortious conduct of the defendant. Yet, in some American states, and in other nations around the world, different values have been brought to bear on the law of tort damages. These other perspectives can be importantly traced to experience in the design and implementation of social insurance schemes that compensate people suffering from disabilities (such as industrial injury compensation plans). Those social insurance schemes generally rest on the notion that it suffices to provide victims with rough justice when attempts at achieving precise justice cost too much. Costs here include both the financial costs of more individualised administration and the moral cost of inconsistent treatment of equals. Furthermore, whereas tort law conventionally has been understood to be exclusively about corrective justice,
Proton Resonance in Highly Polarized HD

The prospect of producing a statically polarized proton target for elementary particle research has been of interest for some time and has become technically feasible with the advent of dilution refrigerators and > 100-kG superconducting magnets. Protons in a 100-kG field can, in principle, be polarized to 76% at temperatures of 10 m°K.
A survey of current dental problems and treatments of zoo animals

Although communication among zoos and aquariums about animal dental practices is increasing among Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) institutions, little printed information is available about the general dental practices and dental problems commonly encountered. In order to encourage communication and collaboration among practicing institutions, we surveyed AZA-sanctioned zoos and aquariums to determine trends in zoo dentistry. Results are presented from 53 participating institutions, discussing the most common problems encountered (malocclusions, dental fractures and periodontal disease) across specific animal groups, and a range of personnel participating in dental procedures (licensed veterinarians, dentists, veterinary technicians). Our results provide a foundation of common dental practices, encouraging additional research-oriented studies and collaboration between zoos and aquariums in the field of animal dentistry.
Abstract 16263: Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Myocardial Bridging

Introduction: The physiologic relevance of myocardial bridging (MB) that is found on invasive (ICA) and CT coronary angiography (CTA) is not known. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) may be useful in objectively assessing altered myocardial blood flow associated with MB. We studied the prevalence of ischemia on MPI and mortality among patients with MB. Methods: Patients with MPI studies within 6 months of MB identified on ICAs (2002-2014) or CTAs (2005-2014) at the Mayo Clinic were retrospectively studied. Exclusion criteria included a history of myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass grafting and hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD, coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50%) were excluded. Results: 1116 individuals had MB on ICA out of which 300 had MPI studies. 511 individuals had MB on CTA out of which 63 had MPI studies. After excluding patients with CAD, 114 patients with MB identified on ICA and 31 patients with MB identified on CTA remained for analysis. Patients in the ICA an...
Subsurface migration of H2O at lunar cold traps

[1] Permanently shaded areas near the poles of the Moon and Mercury may harbor water ice. We develop a physical model for migration of water molecules in the regolith and discover two pathways that can lead to accumulation of H2O in the subsurface. A small fraction of water molecules delivered, either continuously or abruptly, to permanently cold areas diffuses into the regolith and can remain there longer than on the surface. Higher temperatures lead to deeper burial. At constant temperature, this diffusive migration produces less than one molecular layer of volatile H2O on grains, because it is driven by differences in surface concentrations. The water is therefore expected to be in adsorbed form, and the amount stored in this fashion could be at most a few hundred ppm of H2O. A second pathway is pumping by diurnal temperature oscillations from a transient ice cover that may have formed during a large comet impact. It can lead to high ground ice densities, but the ground ice layer lasts not long beyond the disappearance of the ice cover. Both types of subsurface charging mechanism work best for temperatures typical of permanently shaded areas with sunlit surfaces in their field of view.
Aggressive Behavior in Childhood and Early Adolescence: An Ecological-Developmental Perspective on Youth Violence

This article reviews recent research on the development of aggressive behavior in childhood and early adolescence using an ecological perspective that focuses on social development in the family, school, peer group, and community. Special emphasis is placed on family processes and early childhood peer relations that appear to tip developmental trajectories toward social rejection at school and use of aggression to achieve social goals in interpersonal relationships. The article discusses implications for preventing youth violence.
Polyuria and cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Natriuresis with polyuria is common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Previous studies have shown an increased risk of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in patients with hyponatremia and/or the cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSW). However, natriuresis may occur in the absence of hyponatremia or hypovolemia and it is not known whether the increase in DCI in patients with CSW is secondary to a concomitant hypovolemia or because the physiology that predisposes to natriuretic peptide release also predisposes to cerebral vasospasm. Therefore, we investigated whether polyuria per se was associated with vasospasm and whether a temporal relationship existed. A retrospective review of patients with aSAH was performed. Exclusion criteria were admission more than 48 h after aneurysmal rupture, death within 5 days, and the development of diabetes insipidus or acute renal failure. Polyuria was defined as >6 liters of urine in a 24 h period. Vasospasm was defined as a mean velocity > 120 m/s on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCDs) or by evidence of vasospasm on computerized tomography (CT) or catheter angiography. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between polyuria and vasospasm. 95 patients were included in the study. 51 had cerebral vasospasm and 63 met the definition of polyuria. Patients with polyuria were significantly more likely to have vasospasm (OR 4.301, 95 % CI 1.378–13.419) in multivariate analysis. Polyuria was more common in younger patients (52 vs 68, p <.001) but did not impact mortality after controlling for age and disease severity. The timing of the development of polyuria was clustered around the diagnosis of vasospasm and patients with polyuria developed vasospasm faster than those without polyuria. Polyuria is common after aSAH and is significantly associated with cerebral vasospasm. The development of polyuria may be temporally related to the development of vasospasm. An increase in urine volume may be a useful clinical predictor of patients at risk for vasospasm.
Cicatricial pemphigoid. Identification of two distinct sets of epidermal antigens by IgA and IgG class circulating autoantibodies.

• A patient with severe cicatricial pemphigoid demonstrated both in vivo bound and circulating anti-basement membrane zone antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes. Complement component 3 (C3) was also deposited in the basement membrane zone of lesional skin as well as in normal-appearing buccal mucosa of the patient. However, C1q was absent, while granular deposits of two factors of the alternative complement activating pathway, properdin and properdin factor B, were present only in the basement membrane zone of lesional skin, but not in normal buccal mucosa. Deposition of alternative complement pathway reactants in the lesion suggests that complement activation by IgA was associated with lesion development. Western blot analysis of the patient's serum on electrophoresed cultured keratinocyte antigens identified two distinct sets of epidermal antigens. While IgG bound antigens of 230, 205, 140, and 90 kd, the patient's IgA antibodies bound a distinct set of antigens, 180 and 130 kd. The potential pathogenic role of IgA in cicatricial pemphigoid is discussed. (Arch Dermatol.1990;126:1466-1468)
Lens design issues impacting page access to volume optical media

Lens designs are discussed for page access to data stored in volume optical media. Optimizations of a 4F optical storage system are performed. These optimized designs are evaluated for degree of parallelism achieved, capacity, storage media volume, information storage density, and overall system volume. We find that the primary effect of aberrations is not to reduce memory capacity but to increase system volume resulting in lower overall storage density.
Sodium cotransport proteins.

Abstract Significant advances have been made in elucidating the structure of Na+ cotransport proteins. Some fifteen of these low-abundance proteins have been cloned, sequenced and functionally expressed. They are members of the 12 membrane-spanning superfamily and they segregate into two groups, the Na+/glucose (SGLT1) and Na+/Cl−/GABA (GAT-1) families. SGLT1 transporters are expressed in bacteria and animal cells, while GAT-1 transporters are mostly expressed in the brain. None have yet been found in plants.
Panic attacks without fear: An overview∗☆

'Non-fearful panic disorder' (NFPD) is a condition that meets DSM III-R criteria for panic disorder but lacks a report of subjective fear or anxiety. Presenting the first comprehensive overview of this issue, the authors describe studies investigating a wide range of apparently overlapping phenomena including NFPD, 'somatically expressed panic', 'non-cognitive panic', 'alexithymic panic', 'non-clinical panic', and 'masked anxiety'. The review shows that such conditions account for from 20 to 40% of the panic disorder found in various medical populations, and that this group resembles conventional panic disorder in cross-sectional comparisons. We emphasize that a 'triple-response' model of anxiety is consistent with our conclusion that NFPD should be conceptualized as a panic disorder subtype. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues regarding the construct and predictive diagnostic validity of NFPD.
Dodecylphosphocholine-mediated enhancement of paracellular permeability and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cell monolayers

The intestinal epithelium is a significant barrier for oral absorption of hydrophilic drugs because they cannot easily traverse the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and their passage through the intercellular space (paracellular transport) is restricted by the tight junctions. In this report we show that dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) can improve the paracellular permeability of hydrophilic compounds across Caco-2 cell monolayers by modulating the tight junctions. The results show that the alkyl chain as well as the zwitterionic head group of DPC are required for its activity. DPC appears to act by modulating the permeability of tight junctions as evidenced by the fact that treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayers by this agent results in a decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased permeability of paracellular markers (e.g., mannitol) with no change in the permeability of the transcellular marker testosterone, and redistribution of the tight junction-associated protein ZO-1. The effect of DPC on Caco-2 cells (e.g., decrease in TEER) is reversible, and is not caused by gross cytotoxicity (as indicated by the MTT test) or by nonspecific disruption of the cell membrane (as indicated by only slight nuclear staining due to the nonpermeable DNA-specific dye propidium iodide). We propose in the present study a parameter, potency index, that allows comparison of various enhancers of paracellular transport in relation to their cytotoxicity. The potency index is a ratio between the IC50 value (concentration at which 50% inhibition of control mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity occurs in the MTT test) and the EC50 value (concentration at which TEER drops to 50% of its control (untreated) value). By this parameter, DPC is significantly safer than the commonly used absorption enhancer palmitoyl carnitine (PC), which has the potency index of ∼1 (i.e., no separation between effective and toxic concentration).
Phase space simulations of the Novosibirsk/SELENE FEL

SELENE (SpacE Laser ENErgy) is a proposal to use a free electron laser (FEL) as a ground-based power source for several space applications. An advanced FEL utilizing a multisection optical klystron coupled to a single pass radiator has been suggested. Phase space simulations show electron bunching at low optical power in the klystron oscillator, leading to high gain in the single pass radiator.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stress relaxation of low pressure plasma-sprayed NiCrAlY alloys

The stress relaxation behavior of three NiCrAlY alloys that are commonly used as bond coats for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has been directly measured. The relaxation study was conducted at temperatures of 800-1000 C and over a wide range of stresses. It was established that all three bond coat alloys relaxed quite rapidly at temperatures of 900 C and above. Since the upper use temperatures for bond coats in gas turbine engines are between 900 and 1000 C, bond coat relaxation is expected to occur in service. Therefore, relaxation of the bond coat has the potential to affect TBC life. Furthermore, the relaxation differences observed between the three alloys offers a possible explanation for the differences in TBC life observed for these bond coats. While bond coat relaxation is expected to occur for a TBC in service, the mechanism for a relaxation effect on TBC life, if it exists, is yet to be determined.
Frequency, levels, and significance of blood eosinophilia in systemic sclerosis, localized scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis

Blood eosinophilia is a common feature of eosinophilic fasciitis and is variably reported in systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma. Since these diseases share cutaneous fibrosis as the final outcome and have other clinical and pathologic features that are difficult to differentiate, the presence of blood eosinophilia may be a further source of confusion. In this study, we examined the frequency and level of blood eosinophilia in 715 patients with systemic sclerosis, 72 patients with localized scleroderma, and 22 patients with clinically active eosinophilic fasciitis. When defined as >400 cells/mm 3 , eosinophilia was present in 7% of patients with systemic sclerosis, 31% of patients with localized scleroderma, and 83% of patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. Greater than 1000 eosinophils/mm 3 were present less frequently in systemic sclerosis (1%) and localized scleroderma (8%) than in eosinophilic fasciitis (61%). No difference in the frequency of eosinophilia was present in patients with the limited cutaneous CREST syndrome or the diffuse cutaneous variety of systemic sclerosis, and in these patients the presence of eosinophilia did not correlate with the extent of cutaneous or internal organ involvement or with other laboratory abnormalities. Among patients with localized scleroderma, eosinophilia was more common in those with linear scleroderma and generalized morphea than in those with morphea, and both the frequency and, level of eosinophilia were greater in individuals with clinically active disease (p
Preventive Care in the Emergency Department: Diagnosis and Management of Smoking and Smoking-related Illness in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review

UNLABELLED Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The efficacy of emergency department (ED)-based patient screening and counseling for smoking cessation is not currently known. OBJECTIVES To perform a structured, systematic review of the medical literature to assess the efficacy of limited screening and counseling for tobacco use cessation among adults in the primary care and ED settings, and develop recommendations for emergency physicians based on these data. METHODS A two-person template-driven review of all English-language articles from Medline, the Cochrane Database, and two recent smoking cessation guidelines, with evidence graded according to the scheme of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), was performed. Recommendations were developed, and strength graded, based on this evidence. RESULTS Of 2,078 citations reviewed, 16 were selected for inclusion, based on their methodologic strength and relevance to emergency medicine. Routine physician screening and counseling may increase quit rates at 6-12 months from 3% (usual care) to 8-11%. Interventions include brief counseling (<3 minutes), possibly supplemented with self-help literature, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and follow-up telephone calls. CONCLUSIONS Strong evidence exists, in the primary care setting, that smoking cessation screening and counseling are effective. Limited data exist for ED-based practice, but, based on the burden of disease, relative ease of intervention, and likely efficacy, routine screening of all patients for tobacco use and referral of smokers to primary care and cessation programs are recommended.
The effect of some alkyl derivatives of cholesterol on the permeability properties and microviscosities of model membranes

Abstract The properties of lecithin liposomes or vesicles containing a variety of sterols have been studied by measuring either the release of entrapped glucose or determining microviscosity by fluorescence depolarization of the probe diphenylhexatriene. Sterols containing alkyl substituents at C 3 , C 4 , or C 14 were less effective in reducing glucose permeability or increasing microviscosity than cholesterol. 19-Norcholesterol was also less effective than cholesterol in raising membrane viscosity. These results support the hypothesis that the selective biological demethylation of lanosterol to a planar (α-face) structure optimizes the ability of the sterol molecule to condense the lipid phase of the membrane bilayer. Removal of an angular methyl group (C 19 ), a rare event in biological systems, has the opposite effect.
Damage Produced by Moving Dislocations in MgO

The dislocation substructures in single crystals of MgO deformed in four-point bending at temperatures from –196° to 1300°C have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. Elongated edge dislocation pairs were found at all deformation temperatures. The majority of pairs originated where screw dislocations intersected grown-in dislocations. Grown-in dislocations always contained impurity precipitates along their length and often did not lie exactly in a slip plane. Because of either one or both of these factors, grown-in dislocations remained immobile during deformation. The stability of dislocation pairs depended on the separation of the two dislocations and on the deformation temperature. Narrow pairs broke up into small prismatic loops at 750°C and above. The width of the largest observed pairs approached but never exceeded the calculated value:
Robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for uterine rhabdomyosarcoma.

Mullerian rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy most commonly diagnosed in childhood and adolescence. RMS of the female genital tract is often difficult to diagnose. Treatment includes chemotherapy with adjuvant surgery and/or radiation therapy reserved for persistent disease. We report a case of an 18-year-old African-American female who presented with severe menometrorrhagia, and was diagnosed with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus. After vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide failed to eradicate the central tumor, she underwent a robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Mullerian rhabdomyosarcoma was once managed with multimodality therapy that often included ultraradical surgery including total pelvic exenteration. Surgical procedures that were exclusively performed via large abdominal incisions can now be completed with minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery can be safely and successfully applied to radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for uterine rhabdomyosarcoma
A systematic review of validated methods for identifying uveitis using administrative or claims data.

Abstract Purpose To review algorithms used to identify uveitis in administrative and claims databases. Methods We searched the MEDLINE database via PubMed from 1991 to September 2012 using vocabulary and key terms related to uveitis. We also searched the reference lists of included studies. Two investigators independently assessed studies against pre-determined inclusion criteria. The same two investigators independently extracted data regarding participant and algorithm characteristics and assessed a study's methodological rigor using a pre-defined approach. Results Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Variability exists among algorithms employed in these studies for finding cases of uveitis and related conditions as well as in use and implementation of validation methods. Of the seven included studies, three involved case validation. One used a narrow algorithm in addition to text mining of electronic medical records to identify incident cases and found a positive predictive value of 52.1%. The other two, which used broader uveitis definitions and included both incident and prevalent cases, found positive predictive values of 24.8% and 52.6%. Conclusions Further research, with case as well as individual code validation, is needed to determine appropriate uveitis algorithms for purposes of active surveillance in administrative data. Decisions about which algorithm to use will depend on the desired balance of sensitivity and specificity.
Curriculum-Based Measurement A Standardized, Long-Term Goal Approach to Monitoring Student Progress

A description of how Curriculum-Based Measurement can be used to help teachers formulate effective instructional programs.
The Importance of Perceived Homophily, Level of Uncertainty, Feeling Good, Safety, and Self-Disclosure in Interpersonal Relationships.

This investigation assessed the relationship of the independent variables of perceived homophily to the dependent variables of: (1) level of uncertainty, (2) feeling good, and (3) safety. Also, the relationship of uncertainty level, feeling good, and safety was assessed to the dependent variables of self‐disclosure. Results indicated that perceived attitude‐value homophily has moderately high independent predictive power concerning level of uncertainty, feeling good, and safety. Perceived background homophily and perceived appearance homophily have little or no independent predictive power to those dependent variables. Also, the independent predictive power of uncertainty level, feeling good, and safety was low for self‐disclosure variables. Feeling good was the single best predictor of self‐disclosive communication, accounting for five percent of the variance in a self‐disclosure variable.
Morphological stability of a Plane interface during electroncrystallization from molten salts

Abstract The condition for stable growth is defined in terms of the chemical potential gradient ahead of a growing crystal, and this criterion proposed is applied to solute crystallizatin with a thermal and an electrical driving force, respectively. Stable growth in electrocrystallization requires a high solute concentration and a large electrochemical potential gradient at the crystal-solution interface. The practical attainment of stable growth and the results of instability are considered.
Bifurcation analysis of a system of coupled chemical oscillators: Bromate-chlorite-iodine

Abstract We examine the dynamical behavior of two chemical oscillators, bromate-iodide and chlorite-iodide, as well as the coupled system bromate-chlorite-iodide. Study of the period and amplitude of oscillation at the bifurcation points yields phase portraits for the uncoupled systems. These are combined to give insights into the nature of the (higher dimensional) coupled system, which exhibits a wide variety of dynamical phenomena, including multiple stationary states, birhythmicity and chaos. Analysis of the topology of the phase portraits and of the experimentally determined return map suggests that the coupled system may possess a Lorenz-type attractor.
Failure to induce Transplantation Resistance against Polyoma Tumour Cells with Syngeneic Embryonic Tissues

MANY tumours contain new transplantation antigens not present in the host tissue of animals in which they arise. This applies particularly to those tumours induced by certain oncogenic viruses and chemical carcinogens1. It is not known whether the factor determining these antigens originates in new nucleic acid derived by viral infection or induced mutation or whether the antigens arise through some type of derepression of normal cellular genes. The latter hypothesis suggests that tumour and embryo may share antigens. Preliminary data2 have shown that some of the so-called tumour-specific transplantation antigens of sarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene may be found in embryomas, thus lending support to the derepression hypothesis.
A closed-form representation of mixed-integer program value functions

We identify a class of formulas computable in polynomial time such that the functions defined by these formulas are precisely the value functions of mixed-integer programs with rational constraint coefficients.
Cellular mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase inhibits protein synthesis

A reticulocyte translation system was depleted of functional EF-2 by treatment with diphtheria toxin (DT) fragment A and NAD. After dialysis to remove NAD, the system was reconstituted using preparation of EF-2 derived from pyBHK cells. Untreated and reconstituted lysates permitted similar rates of translation. As expected, when DT-treated EF-2 was used to reconstitute the system, no translation occurred. Furthermore EF-2, reacting with the endogenous ADP-ribosyl transferase from pyBHK cells, was also unable to restore protein synthesis in the reconstituted system. These studies suggest that eukaryotic cellular ADP-ribosyl transferases may play a role in regulating protein synthesis.
Internet based HIV prevention research targeting rural MSM: feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy.

Internet delivered primary prevention interventions for HIV risk reduction present significant challenges. Changing lifestyle behaviors, such as beginning to use condoms, is difficult and men seeking dates on line may want to avoid thinking about HIV risk which may lead to low initiation and high dropout rates. Many Internet delivered HIV risk reduction programs have mimicked face-to-face outreach programs, failing to take advantage of the Internet’s capabilities or did not conduct evaluation. This study focuses on examining the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an Internet delivered HIV risk reduction program for rural men who have sex with men (MSM). The program included online recruiting, three intervention modules, each with two sessions, online questionnaires. The intervention was developed based on iterative research and the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model. Participants (N = 475) were randomly assigned to one of six module orders and data were collected automatically at pre-test and after each module. Data supports the feasibility and acceptability of the program as demonstrated by good retention and rapid program completion. Knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies and motivation increase in a dose response fashion. Post-intervention behavior changes included reduced anal sex and significant increases in condom use. Limitations include a short follow-up period, a predominantly young white rural sample, and the lack of an attention control. Overall the results of the study provide support for the efficacy of Internet-based interventions to reduce risk of HIV infection. Results also support traditional research methods to evaluate HIV prevention programs delivered exclusively through the Internet.
Coordination of Buy Back Contract with E-market as a Secondary Market

Based on the supply chain with electronic market model, if the distributor can sell excess inventories in electronic market after normal sales season, the traditional contract can not achieve coordination of supply chain. Through a comparative analysis, we proved that the improved buy back contract can coordinate the supply chain with electronic market and achieve Pareto improvement for members of the supply chain. We also have a simulation example to examine our main conclusions.
Rabbit aortic endothelial and medial histamine synthesis following short-term cholesterol feeding.

Abstract Endothelial cells from thoracic aortas of pair-fed male Dutch belted rabbits maintained on a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 2 weeks were isolated by inverted lumenal surface trypsin washing. Mean endothelial histamine-forming capacities (HFC) of control and experimental groups were 718 ± 84 and 982 ± 109 dpm/mgm protein, respectively, while corresponding mean medial HFCs were 106 ± 10 and 93 ± 3 dpm/mgm protein. Determination of total serum cholesterol and histological examination of aortas indicate the experimental rabbits were in a hypercholesteremic, preatherosclerotic state. These results indicate that an atherogenic stress promotes increased endothelial histamine synthesis.
Grellia gen. n. for Eucoccidium of Grell (1953) Preoccupied

SYNOPSIS Grellia gen. n. is established for the genus Eucoccidium of Grell (1953) preoccupied, and the classification of the apicomplexan order Protococcidiorida Kheisin, 1956 is reviewed, giving diagnoses, type species and a list of species. Grelliidae fam. n. is established for the genera Grellia, Coelotropha, Myriosporides and Defretinella.
Exploitation of optical interconnects in future server architectures

Optical fiber links have become ubiquitous for links at the metropolitan and wide area distance scales, and have become common alternatives to electrical links in local area networks and cluster networks. As optical technology improves and link frequencies continue to increase, optical links will be increasingly considered for shorter, higher-bandwidth links such as I/O, memory, and system bus links. For these links closer to processors, issues such as packaging, power dissipation, and components cost assume increasing importance along with link bandwidth and link distance. Also, as optical links move steadily closer to the processors, we may see significant differences in how servers, particularly high-end servers, are designed and packaged to exploit the unique characteristics of optical interconnects. This paper reviews the various levels of a server interconnect hierarchy and the current status of optical interconnect technology for these different levels. The potential impacts of optical interconnect technology on future server designs are also reviewed.
Diagnosis of automotive electronic throttle control systems

During the past two decades, the automotive industry has been required to develop on-board health monitoring capabilities to meet legislated diagnostic requirements for engine management systems. In this paper, real-time diagnostics are presented which monitor the performance of an electronic throttle control system to detect and identify a suite of anomalies. The ETC system shall be modeled and a parity diagnostic strategy applied to detect the presence of faults. The specific nature of the fault is isolated using a parametric estimation methodology. Representative numerical results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the operational performance of the ETC system and health monitoring algorithms.
Complexities and Issues to Consider in the Evaluation of Content Teachers of English Language Learners.

The current interest in evaluating teachers and teacher education programs provides an opportunity to consider the education of diverse learners in K-12 schools in the United States. We address tea...
Consumer environmental awareness and competition in two-stage supply chains

Abstract This paper focuses on the impact of competition and consumers’ environmental awareness on key supply chain players. We consider both the production competition between partially substitutable products made by different manufacturers, and the competition between retail stores. We use two-stage Stackelberg game models to investigate the dynamics between the supply chain players given three supply chain network structures. We find that as consumers’ environmental awareness increases, retailers and manufacturers with superior eco-friendly operations will benefit; while the profitability of the inferior eco-friendly firm will tend to increase if the production competition level is low, and will tend to decrease if the production competition level is high. In addition, higher levels of retail competition may make manufacturers with inferior eco-friendly operations more likely to benefit from the increase of consumers’ environmental awareness. Moreover, as production competition intensifies, the profits of the retailers will always increase, while the profits of the manufacturers with inferior eco-friendly operations will always decrease. The profitability of the manufacturers with superior eco-friendly operations will also tend to decrease, unless consumers’ environmental awareness is high and the superior manufacturer has a significant cost advantage related to product environmental improvement.
A neurologic basis for the overactive bladder

ObjectivesThe functions of the lower urinary tract (LUT) to store and periodically release urine are dependent on neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord. This paper reviews the central neural control of micturition and how disruption of this control can lead to bladder overactivity and incontinence. MethodsNeuroanatomic, electrophysiologic, and pharmacologic techniques have provided information about the neural circuitry and the neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous control of voiding. Experimental models of neural injury, including spinal cord transection, cerebral infarction, and localized brain lesions, have been studied to identify the mechanisms contributing to the neurogenic overactive bladder. Results.Normal storage of urine is dependent on 1) spinal reflex mechanisms that activate sympathetic and somatic pathways to the urethral outlet and 2) tonic inhibitory systems in the brain that suppress the parasympathetic excitatory outflow to the urinary bladder. Voiding is mediated by inhibition of sympatheticsomatic pathways and activation of a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway passing through a micturition center in the rostra1 pons. Damage to the brain can induce bladder overactivity by reducing suprapontine inhibition. Damage to axonal pathways in the spinal cord leads to the emergence of primitive spinal bladder reflexes triggered by C-fiber bladder afferent neurons. The C-fiber afferent neurotoxin capsaicin, administered intravesically, has been useful in treating certain types of neurogenic bladder overactivity. ConclusionsThe central nervous mechanisms controlling the LUT are organized in the brain and spinal cord as simple on-off switching circuits that are under voluntary control. Damage to central inhibitory pathways or sensitization of peripheral afferent terminals in the bladder can unmask primitive voiding reflexes that trigger bladder overactivity.
Computers: A Survey of Trends and Limitations

Enormous progress in electronic technology is accelerating the use of computers in everyday life. In this article trends in hardware, input-output technology, computer architecture, software, communications, and artificial intelligence are examined and complexity is identified as a limitation to further progress. Promising directions of research, which may extend the range of computer applications, are discussed.