cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heavenly Prospects: Views From Clifton and Cliffden

Sir John Denham’s ‘Cooper’s Hill’ (1642), the first modern English prospect poem, opens with a declaration of how the work of the poet transforms nature into ‘landscape’ — land shaped, modified and mediated by the artist’s vision.1 Looking out from his elevated vantage point, the poem’s speaker reflects upon the scenes beneath him, representing them as they appear before him now and recalling the role they played in history. Historicizing his representation of the landscape, Denham makes a Royalist argument which David Fairer argues, ‘tests out at a local level the state’s capacity to harness into an effective economy those potentially competing forces: freedom and obedience, change and continuity, individual and social good, the arts of war and the arts of peace’.2 In transforming the view around him through the device of the concordia discors, the poet is also transformed. While Denham’s poem serves a variety of ideological purposes for king and country, it is also a vocational poem. Because he writes about natural scenery, transforming it into poetry that performs geo-historical work, the poet’s identity is linked with a particular conception of nature illustrated in the oft-quoted lines addressed to the Thames: O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream My great example, as it is my theme!
In situ and denuder-based measurements of elemental and reactive gaseous mercury with analysis by laser-induced fluorescence – results from the Reno Atmospheric Mercury Intercomparison Experiment

Abstract. The University of Miami (UM) deployed a sequential two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (2P-LIF) instrument for the in situ measurement of gaseous elemental mercury, Hg(0), during the Reno Atmospheric Mercury Intercomparison Experiment (RAMIX) campaign. A number of extended sampling experiments, typically lasting 6–8 h but on one occasion extending to ∼ 24 h, were conducted, allowing the 2P-LIF measurements of Hg(0) concentrations to be compared with two independently operated instruments using gold amalgamation sampling coupled with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopic (CVAFS) analysis. At the highest temporal resolution, ∼ 5 min samples, the three instruments measured concentrations that agreed to within 10–25 %. Measurements of total mercury (TM) were made by using pyrolysis to convert total oxidized mercury (TOM) to Hg(0). TOM was then obtained by difference. Variability in the ambient Hg(0) concentration limited our sensitivity for measurement of ambient TOM using this approach. In addition, manually sampled KCl-coated annular denuders were deployed and analyzed using thermal dissociation coupled with single-photon LIF detection of Hg(0). The TOM measurements obtained were normally consistent with KCl denuder measurements obtained with two Tekran speciation systems and with the manual KCl denuder measurements but with very large uncertainty. They were typically lower than measurements reported by the University of Washington (UW) Detector for Oxidized Hg Species (DOHGS) system. The ability of the 2P-LIF pyrolysis system to measure TM was demonstrated during one of the manifold HgBr2 spikes but the results did not agree well with those reported by the DOHGS system. The limitations of the RAMIX experiment and potential improvements that should be implemented in any future mercury instrument intercomparison are discussed. We suggest that instrumental artifacts make a substantial contribution to the discrepancies in the reported measurements over the course of the RAMIX campaign. This suggests that caution should be used in drawing significant implications for the atmospheric cycling of mercury from the RAMIX results.
Suprathreshold Auditory Processing in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

This chapter reviews auditory processing changes that occur in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss due to noise exposure. The typical patient with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) initially presents with a high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss that spreads to other frequencies as the noise exposure continues. Studies on various animal models have shown that the configuration of hearing loss and subsequent recovery depend on the intensity, frequency, and duration of exposure (see Clark 1991 and Salvi and Boettcher 2008, for review). Briefly stated, the sensorineural hearing loss resulting from noise exposure seems to be restricted mostly to the frequency of exposure for low-intensity [83 dB sound pressure level (SPL), Salvi et al. 1978] stimulation, while high-intensity (95 dB SPL) stimulation results in hearing loss at frequencies one half to an octave above the exposure frequency. The half-octave shift has been well described in the seminal work of Davis et al. (1950). For long-term exposures, the amount of temporary threshold shift (TTS) typically increases linearly over the first 24 h of exposure and then plateaus to a level referred to as asymptotic threshold shift (ATS). Recovery after noise exposure is also dependent on the intensity and duration of exposure. Recovery tends to be slowest for audiometric frequencies around 4,000 Hz, regardless of what the frequency of exposure is (Davis et al. 1950). In general, small amounts of ATS due to low-intensity exposures are associated with faster recovery, whereas large amounts of ATS (greater than around 55 dB) due to high-intensity exposures are associated with slower recovery and in some cases, permanent threshold shifts (PTS; Clark 1991). As the auditory system sustains ATS for weeks and months, the amount of recovery at the eventual cessation of the exposure decreases. At the extreme, ATS is a good predictor of PTS for prolonged exposures.
Flush mountable K/Ka band amplitude only direction finding system

Two tapered slot antennas (TSAs) are arrayed in H-plane to achieve amplitude only direction-finding over 18–45 GHz range. Moreover, an absorbing cavity is engineered to host TSAs, enable flush-mounting, and improve system performance by decreasing sidelobe level at the low end while improving field-of-view at the high end of the band. Prototype, built using conventional and 3-d printing approaches, is tested and measurements favorably agree with theory.
Analyzing hepatitis C screening and treatment strategies using probabilistic branch and bound

Decisions must be made regarding screening and treatment strategies under budget constraints for chronic hepatitis C birth-cohorts in the U.S. A Markov model of disease progression is able to evaluate health utility gain using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for each strategy. Through conducting a simulation optimization algorithm, Probabilistic Branch and Bound (PBnB), we not only provide an optimal strategy over ten years, but also perform sensitivity analysis by approximating a set of good enough strategies. Specifically, we first identify time periods with obvious dominant strategies (allocate total budget to treatment in early years) through grid search, and then we perform PBnB to identify top 10 percent strategies for two major decision periods. Approximating a set of the top 10 percent strategies with PBnB provides decision makers the ability to explore combinations of good strategies. Also, a set of strategies indicates which decision time periods strongly impact the health utility gain.
Asymmetric Waveforms Decrease Lethal Thresholds in High Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapies.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising non-thermal treatment for inoperable tumors which uses short (50–100 μs) high voltage monopolar pulses to disrupt the membranes of cells within a well-defined volume. Challenges with IRE include complex treatment planning and the induction of intense muscle contractions. High frequency IRE (H-FIRE) uses bursts of ultrashort (0.25–5 μs) alternating polarity pulses to produce more predictable ablations and alleviate muscle contractions associated with IRE. However, H-FIRE generally ablates smaller volumes of tissue than IRE. This study shows that asymmetric H-FIRE waveforms can be used to create ablation volumes equivalent to standard IRE treatments. Lethal thresholds (LT) of 505 V/cm and 1316 V/cm were found for brain cancer cells when 100 μs IRE and 2 μs symmetric H-FIRE waveforms were used. In contrast, LT as low as 536 V/cm were found for 2 μs asymmetric H-FIRE waveforms. Reversible electroporation thresholds were 54% lower than LTs for symmetric waveforms and 33% lower for asymmetric waveforms indicating that waveform symmetry can be used to tune the relative sizes of reversible and irreversible ablation zones. Numerical simulations predicted that asymmetric H-FIRE waveforms are capable of producing ablation volumes which were 5.8–6.3x larger than symmetric H-FIRE waveforms indicating that in vivo investigation of asymmetric waveforms is warranted.
Ensembles: Fundamental Principles of Statistical Mechanics

In Lecture 2, a rationale for taking averages over repeated measurements on molecular systems was discussed. Operational averages of experimental data, either time averages or ensemble averages, can be made in a straightforward manner. In contrast, to make a time average via a theoretical calculation on a model requires that one integrates vast numbers of differential equations and that one supplies equally vast numbers of experimentally inaccessible initial conditions. Lecture 2 concluded by suggesting that a more attractive way to develop the theory would be to replace the operational average with an idealized average. The required average is the ensemble average developed below.
GCM Implications for Mechanisms Determining Cloud and Water Vapor Feedbacks

Predictions of the climate’s sensitivity to external perturbations differ widely among the various general circulation models (GCMs) currently in use. In order to eventually gain confidence in the predictions of a subset of these models, several different approaches might be considered. Direct inference of climate feedbacks from current climate observations, for example via correlations of climate parameters with temperature, might be considered as a standard against which model sensitivity could be compared. This approach risks mistaking a dynamics dependence in the current climate for an intrinsic temperature dependence. Inferring sensitivity from long-term trends in climate parameters is another possible approach. But currently few such data sets exist, and when they do, the ambiguity presented by the unknown decadal natural variability of the climate system precludes a simple interpretation. One might wait instead for a consensus to be reached among climate GCMs about sensitivity, independent of observations. But different GCMs’ may predict similar sensitivities for very different reasons. Finally, one might validate the mean state of GCMs against the many global data sets now becoming available. But validation of the mean state does not necessarily imply validation of the GCM’s response to change, since model tuning can hide errors in model physics.
Pt-Decorated MWCNTs-Ionic Liquid Composite-Based Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor To Study Microbial Metabolism Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a highly relevant metabolite in many biological processes, including the oral microbiome. To study this metabolite, we developed a 25 μm diameter, highly sensitive, nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor with a detection limit of 250 nM and a broad linear range of 250 nM to 7 mM. The sensor used the synergistic activity of the catalytically active Pt nanoparticles on a high surface area multiwalled carbon nanotube and conducting ionic liquid matrix to achieve high sensitivity (2.4 ± 0.24 mA cm–2 mM–1) for H2O2 oxidation. The unique composite allowed us to miniaturize the sensor and couple it with a Pt electrode (25 μm diameter each) for use as a dual scanning electrochemical microscopy probe. We could detect 65 ± 10 μM H2O2 produced by Streptococcus gordonii (Sg) in a simulated biofilm at 50 μm above its surface in the presence of 1 mM glucose and artificial saliva solution (pH 7.2 at 37 °C). Because of its high stability and low detection limit, the sensor showed a promising chemical image ...
Correctness of Partial Escape Analysis for Multithreading Optimization

Compilers often use escape analysis to elide locking operations on thread-local data. Similarly, dynamic race detectors may use escape analysis to elide race checks on thread-local data. In this paper, we study the correctness of these two related optimizations when using a partial escape analysis, which identifies objects that are currently thread-local but that may later become thread-shared.We show that lock elision based on partial escape analysis is unsound for the Java memory model. We also show that race check elision based on a partial escape analysis weakens the precision of dynamic race detectors. Finally, we prove that race check elision based on a partial escape analysis is sound with respect to this weakened, but still useful, notion of precision.
Effects of Magnesium Oxide on the Crystallization of Calcium Salts in Urine in Patients with Recurrent Nephrolithiasis

Abstract: The effect of oral administration of magnesium oxide on the crystallization in urine of calcium oxalate and brushite was determined in 4 cases of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Each patient was evaluated while on a constant metabolic diet before, during and after therapy with magnesium (1,000mg. magnesium as magnesium oxide per day). During magnesium therapy urinary hydrogen ion concentration increased by approximately 0.5 unit in all 4 patients and urinary calcium increased about 50mg. per day in 2. Urinary oxalate decreased significantly in 1 patient and urinary phosphorus was reduced in 2. The urinary activity product ratio of brushite (state of saturation) increased, owing largely to the rise in urinary hydrogen ion concentration but that of calcium oxalate was not changed significantly by magnesium treatment. Although urinary magnesium increased significantly there was no significant change in the urinary formation product ratio (limit of metastability) or the rate of crystal growth of ...
DETECTION OF HYPOXIA USING EEG PATTERNS

This paper presents the results of using the EEG waveform to distinguish between four levels of arterial oxygenation. Mongrel dogs were anesthetized with Brevital, a short acting barbituate, paralyzed with d-tubocurare and ventilated with a nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture. EEG waveforms were recorded for PaO2 equal to 100, 70, 50, and 25 mmHg. These waveforms were divided into 4 second epochs and a 256 point Hamming weighted FFT was taken for each epoch, defining a 128 point feature vector for each epoch. The individual components of the feature vectors were ranked according to their estimated ability to discriminate between the four classes and the top 30 features were used in a Fisher Multiple Discriminant Analysis. Odd numbered epochs were used for training data and even numbered epochs were used for testing data. Results show that 100% detection of the hypoxic state can be achieved on training data and 88% detection of the hypoxic state can be achieved on test data.
Restriction Enzymes as a Target for DNA-Based Sensing and Structural Rearrangement

DNA nanostructures have been shown viable for the creation of complex logic-enabled sensing motifs. To date, most of these types of devices have been limited to the interaction with strictly DNA-type inputs. Restriction endonuclease represents a class of enzyme with endogenous specificity to DNA, and we hypothesize that these can be integrated with a DNA structure for use as inputs to trigger structural transformation and structural rearrangement. In this work, we reconfigured a three-arm DNA switch, which utilizes a cyclic Forster resonance energy transfer interaction between three dyes to produce complex output for the detection of three separate input regions to respond to restriction endonucleases, and investigated the efficacy of the enzyme targets. We demonstrate the ability to use three enzymes in one switch with no nonspecific interaction between cleavage sites. Further, we show that the enzymatic digestion can be harnessed to expose an active toehold into the DNA structure, allowing for single-po...
A Genomically Informed Education System? Challenges for Behavioral Genetics.

The exponential growth of genetic knowledge and precision medicine research raises hopes for improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment options for children with behavioral and psychiatric condi...
The variable role of SIRT1 in the maintenance and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that acts as a nutrient sensitive regulator of longevity. SIRT1 also acts as a key regulator of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adult stem cells that give rise to tissues such as bone, fat, muscle and cartilage. This review focuses on how SIRT1 regulates the self-renewal, multipotency and differentiation of MSCs. The variable role of SIRT1 in promoting the differentiation of MSCs towards certain lineages, while repressing others, will be examined within the broader context of aging, calorie restriction, and regenerative medicine. Finally, recent animal and human studies will be highlighted which paint an overall salutary role for SIRT1 in protecting MSCs (and resulting tissues) from age-related atrophy and dysfunction.
Oppositional Projection in Perceived Support for Cap and Trade

Contrary to previous research on social projection, we found that people exhibit oppositional projection in the divisive intergroup context of politics and environmental policy: Individuals positively projected their own stance onto members of their political in-group, while negatively projecting their own stance onto members of their political out-group. Two studies demonstrated that oppositional projection occurred when people estimated the stances of fellow Democrat and Republican voters (Studies 1 and 2) and political elites (elected representatives; Study 2) toward a cap-and-trade policy to limit carbon emissions. Structural equation models indicated that people’s estimates of political in-group stances were strongly and positively predicted by their own attitudes, whereas people’s estimates of their political out-group were strongly and negatively predicted by estimates of their political in-group (reflecting people’s assumption that their out-group opposed their in-group). We discuss oppositional projection’s consequences for perceptions of political gridlock amongst elites.
Executive Function in Deaf Children: Auditory Access and Language Access.

Purpose Deaf children are frequently reported to be at risk for difficulties in executive function (EF); however, the literature is divided over whether these difficulties are the result of deafnes...
Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem in Sexually Abused Children:

The authors report results of research on a sample of 83 sexually abused children. The girls' measures of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem were significantly different from those of standardiza...
Communication-Sensitive Pseudo-Tree Heuristics for DCOP Algorithms

Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP) is a powerful paradigm to model multi-agent systems through enabling multiple agents to coordinate with each other to solve a problem. These agent...
The expanding spectrum of diketopiperazine natural product biosynthetic pathways containing cyclodipeptide synthases

Microorganisms are remarkable chemists, with enzymes as their tools for executing multi-step syntheses to yield myriad natural products. Microbial synthetic aptitudes are illustrated by the structurally diverse 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) family of bioactive nonribosomal peptide natural products. Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) have long been recognized as catalysts for formation of DKP scaffolds from two amino acid substrates. Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) are more recently recognized catalysts of DKP assembly, employing two aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) as substrates. CDPS-encoding genes are typically found in genomic neighbourhoods with genes encoding additional biosynthetic enzymes. These include oxidoreductases, cytochrome P450s, prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, and cyclases, which equip the DKP scaffold with groups that diversify chemical structures and confer biological activity. These tailoring enzymes have been characterized from nine CDPS-containing biosynthetic pathways to date, including four during the last year. In this review, we highlight these nine DKP pathways, emphasizing recently characterized tailoring reactions and connecting new developments to earlier findings. Featured pathways encompass a broad spectrum of chemistry, including the formation of challenging C–C and C–O bonds, regioselective methylation, a unique indole alkaloid DKP prenylation strategy, and unprecedented peptide-nucleobase bond formation. These CDPS-containing pathways also provide intriguing models of metabolic pathway evolution across related and divergent microorganisms, and open doors to synthetic biology approaches for generation of DKP combinatorial libraries. Further, bioinformatics analyses support that much unique genetically encoded DKP tailoring potential remains unexplored, suggesting opportunities for further expansion of Nature's biosynthetic spectrum. Together, recent studies of DKP pathways demonstrate the chemical ingenuity of microorganisms, highlight the wealth of unique enzymology provided by bacterial biosynthetic pathways, and suggest an abundance of untapped biosynthetic potential for future exploration.
Mechanisms of Antisense Transcription Initiation with Implications in Gene Expression, Genomic Integrity and Disease Pathogenesis

Non-coding antisense transcripts arise from the strand opposite the sense strand. Over 70% of the human genome generates non-coding antisense transcripts while less than 2% of the genome codes for proteins. Antisense transcripts and/or the act of antisense transcription regulate gene expression and genome integrity by interfering with sense transcription and modulating histone modifications or DNA methylation. Hence, they have significant pathological and physiological relevance. Indeed, antisense transcripts were found to be associated with various diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiac and neurodegenerative disorders, and, thus, have promising potentials for prognostic and diagnostic markers and therapeutic development. However, it is not clearly understood how antisense transcription is initiated and epigenetically regulated. Such knowledge would provide new insights into the regulation of antisense transcription, and hence disease pathogenesis with therapeutic development. The recent studies on antisense transcription initiation and its epigenetic regulation, which are limited, are discussed here. Furthermore, we concisely describe how antisense transcription/transcripts regulate gene expression and genome integrity with implications in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic development.
Genetic and genomic alterations differentially dictate low-grade glioma growth through cancer stem cell–specific chemokine recruitment of T cells and microglia

Background One of the clinical hallmarks of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) arising in children with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome is significant clinical variability with respect to tumor growth, associated neurologic deficits, and response to therapy. Numerous factors could contribute to this clinical heterogeneity, including the tumor cell of origin, the specific germline NF1 gene mutation, and the coexistence of additional genomic alterations. Since human specimens are rarely acquired, and have proven difficult to maintain in vitro or as xenografts in vivo, we have developed a series of Nf1 mutant optic glioma mouse strains representing each of these contributing factors. Methods Optic glioma stem cells (o-GSCs) were generated from this collection of Nf1 genetically engineered mice, and analyzed for their intrinsic growth properties, as well as the production of chemokines that could differentially attract T cells and microglia. Results The observed differences in Nf1 optic glioma growth are not the result of cell autonomous growth properties of o-GSCs, but rather the unique patterns of o-GSC chemokine expression, which differentially attract T cells and microglia. This immune profile collectively dictates the levels of chemokine C-C ligand 5 (Ccl5) expression, the key stromal factor that drives murine Nf1 optic glioma growth. Conclusions These findings reveal that genetic and genomic alterations create murine LGG biological heterogeneity through the differential recruitment of T cells and microglia by o-GSC-produced chemokines, which ultimately determine the expression of stromal factors that drive tumor growth.
Minimax bounds for structured prediction.

Structured prediction can be considered as a generalization of many standard supervised learning tasks, and is usually thought as a simultaneous prediction of multiple labels. One standard approach is to maximize a score function on the space of labels, which decomposes as a sum of unary and pairwise potentials, each depending on one or two specific labels, respectively. For this approach, several learning and inference algorithms have been proposed over the years, ranging from exact to approximate methods while balancing the computational complexity. However, in contrast to binary and multiclass classification, results on the necessary number of samples for achieving learning is still limited, even for a specific family of predictors such as factor graphs. In this work, we provide minimax bounds for a class of factor-graph inference models for structured prediction. That is, we characterize the necessary sample complexity for any conceivable algorithm to achieve learning of factor-graph predictors.
Fertility preservation in the pediatric cancer patient.

Purpose of review Long-term survival rates from childhood cancers approach 85% with many of these patients now reaching adulthood and facing the consequences of prior cancer treatment including infertility. This highlights the importance of discussing fertility risk and presenting fertility preservation options prior to initiation of cancer treatment. This article reviews the current literature on fertility preservation in adolescents, young adults, and prepubertal patients. Recent findings Sperm banking remains the gold standard for fertility preservation in adolescents and young adults. Testicular sperm extraction and electroejaculation may also be utilized in patients that are unable to produce a semen sample. Fertility preservation options for prepubertal patients remain experimental but recent data illustrate the potential to restore spermatogenesis using spermatogonial stem cells. Summary Fertility risk and fertility preservation options for pediatric patients should be routinely discussed at the time of cancer diagnosis. Sperm preservation should be routinely offered to adolescents and young adults at risk for infertility from cancer treatment. Preservation of prepubertal spermatogonial stem cells can be offered as an experimental option.
Footprints of Doppler and aberration effects in cosmic microwave background experiments: statistical and cosmological implications

In the frame of the Solar System, the Doppler and aberration effects cause distortions in the form of mode couplings in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization power spectra and hence impose biases on the statistics derived by the moving observer. We explore several aspects of such biases and pay close attention to their effects on CMB polarization which previously have not been examined in detail. A potentially important bias that we introduce here is $\textit{boost variance}$---an additional term in cosmic variance, induced by the observer's motion. Although this additional term is negligible for whole-sky experiments, in partial-sky experiments it can reach $10\%$ (temperature) to $20\%$ (polarization) of the standard cosmic variance ($\sigma$). Furthermore, we investigate the significance of motion-induced $\textit{power}$ and $\textit{parity}$ asymmetries in TT, EE, and TE as well as potential biases induced in cosmological parameter estimation performed with whole-sky TTTEEE. Using Planck-like simulations, we find that our local motion induces $\sim1-2 \%$ hemispherical asymmetry in a wide range of angular scales in the CMB temperature and polarization power spectra; however, it does not imply any significant amount of parity asymmetry or shift in cosmological parameters. Finally, we examine the prospects of measuring the velocity of the Solar System w.r.t. the CMB with future experiments via the mode coupling induced by the Doppler and aberration effects. Using the CMB TT, EE, and TE power spectra up to $\ell=4000$, SO and CMB-S4 can make a dipole-independent measurement of our local velocity respectively at $8.5\sigma$ and $20\sigma$.
Attitudes Toward Men and Rejection of Rape Myths: The Impact on Survivor Rape Acknowledgment:

Because unacknowledged rape survivors (i.e., those who do not conceptualize their victimization as rape) are less likely to report the crime to police or seek formal services, a better understanding of factors that contribute to rape acknowledgment is a key step to improving access to care and assault reporting on college campuses. To contribute to this line of research, this study examined the indirect effect of sexist attitudes toward men on rape acknowledgment via rejection of rape myths among female rape survivors. The analyzed sample included 250 college female rape survivors (M age = 22.49 years, SD = 7.27) who completed measures of sexual assault history, sexist beliefs toward men, and rejection of rape myths. Among these women, 49.6% were classified as acknowledged rape survivors and 50.4% of the sample was classified as unacknowledged rape survivors. Indirect effects of sexist beliefs on rape acknowledgment via rape myth rejection were supported for four types of sexist beliefs, including resentment of paternalism, compensatory gender differentiation, maternalism, and complementary gender differentiation. Specifically, the findings supported that people with greater levels of these particular types of sexist beliefs toward men rejected rape myths less, and lower rejection of rape myths was associated with increased likelihood of unacknowledged rape. The indirect effects were not supported for the heterosexual hostility or heterosexual intimacy subscales of sexist beliefs. By identifying antecedents of rape acknowledgment, the findings from this study can be used to inform programming geared toward encouraging survivors to seek services, which ultimately improves survivor outcomes.
Relationship between Socio-Demographics and COVID-19: A Case Study in Three Texas Regions

The COVID-19 is a global pandemic and crisis of public health Although studies investigate the spatial factors of COVID-19, most of them are based on the macro
A Design Framework for All-Digital mmWave Massive MIMO With per-Antenna Nonlinearities

Millimeter wave MIMO combines the benefits of compact antenna arrays with a large number of elements and massive bandwidths, so that fully digital beamforming has the potential of supporting a large number of simultaneous users with per user data rates of multiple gigabits/sec (Gbps). In this paper, we develop an analytical model for the impact of nonlinearities in such a system, and illustrate its utility in providing hardware design guidelines regarding two key challenges: the low available precision of analog-to-digital conversion at high sampling rates, and nonlinearities in ultra-high speed radio frequency (RF) and baseband circuits. We consider linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) reception for a multiuser MIMO uplink, and provide performance guarantees based on two key concepts: (a) summarization of the impact of per-antenna nonlinearities via a quantity that we term the “intrinsic SNR”, (b) using linear MMSE performance in an ideal system without nonlinearities to bound that in our non-ideal system. For our numerical results, we employ nominal parameters corresponding to outdoor picocells operating at a carrier frequency of 140 GHz, with a data rate of 10 Gbps per user.
Out of the Frying Pan: Climate Change and Internal Migration in Brazil

When global warming affects productivity in climate-sensitive sectors, migration represents a potential adaptation mechanism. We exploit exogenous variation in temperatures and precipitation across Brazil and examine the response in state-to-state migration flows between 1981 and 2010. Accounting for time-varying migration costs using a novel road dataset constructed by digitizing historical maps, and addressing the endogeneity of the roads network, we find strong evidence that states with warming temperatures exhibit higher levels of emigration, particularly in the agricultural sector. Our results suggest that holding travel cost constant states that experience a 10 percent increase in Celsius temperatures will see an 8.8 percent increase in emigration to other Brazilian states. Interestingly, while rising temperatures clearly play a role in pushing migrants out, we do not generally find that migrants pay attention to the temperatures of their destination. Awareness of the climate at destination is however much higher if migrants have been exposed to droughts at origin. These ambiguous findings raise questions about whether migrants appreciate the role of climate in their relocation decisions or simply react to the consequences of climate change, e.g. in the form of lower agricultural productivity.
Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated With Asymptomatic COVID-19 Successfully Managed With Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Glucocorticoids

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by low platelet counts of <100 x 10(9)/L with the absence of other blood count abnormalities. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which is manifested by a severe multisystemic disease. We present the case of a 76-year-old female who presented with ITP associated with COVID-19 and successfully managed with intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids.
Supernovae producing unbound binaries and triples

The fraction of stars which are in binaries or triples at the time of stellar death and the fraction of these systems which survive the supernova (SN) explosion are crucial constraints for evolution models and predictions for gravitational wave source populations. These fractions are also subject to direct observational determination. Here we search 10 supernova remnants (SNR) containing compact objects with proper motions for unbound binaries or triples using Gaia EDR3 and new statistical methods and tests for false positives. We confirm the one known example of an unbound binary, HD 37424 in G180.0-01.7, and find no other examples. Combining this with our previous searches for bound and unbound binaries, and assuming no bias in favor of finding interacting binaries, we find that 72.0% (52.2%-86.4%, 90% confidence) of SN producing neutron stars are not binaries at the time of explosion, 13.9% (5.4%-27.2%) produce bound binaries and 12.5% (2.8%-31.3%) produce unbound binaries. With a strong bias in favor of finding interacting binaries, the medians shift to 76.0% were not binaries at death, 9.5% leave bound and 13.2% leave unbound binaries. Of explosions that do not leave binaries, 5Msun stars, although the mass limits for individual systems are significantly stronger. At birth, the progenitor of PSR J0538+2817 was probably a 13-19Msun star, and at the time of explosion it was probably a Roche limited, partially stripped star transferring mass to HD 37424 and then producing a Type IIL or IIb supernova.
The Gore TAG Endoprosthesis

The Gore TAG endoprosthesis is composed of a symmetric expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) tube externally reinforced with a layer of ePTFE and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) (Fig. 22.1). An exoskeleton consisting of nitinol stents is attached to the entire external surface of the graft with ePTFE-FEP bonding tape. Both the proximal and distal segments of the endograft have scalloped flares, which are to facilitate endograft conformity in a tortuous thoracic aorta. Two radiopaque gold bands are attached to the base of the flares, serving as a guide during deployment and in graft surveillance. A polytetrafluoroethylene sealing cuff, which is affixed to the base of the flares, is attached on one end with FEP, whereas the other end is allowed to remain free. This is designed to enhance the device attachment to the aortic wall and potentially reduce type 1 endoleaks.
Ouabain Sensitivity: Diversity and Disparities

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the diversity and disparities of ouabain sensitivity. The almost universal use of ouabain or other cardiac glycosides to define and measure Na pump-related activities in intact cells and membrane preparations is based on the consistency and potency of its effect. It is widely recognized that large differences in sensitivity to ouabain do exist among various species and, within an organism, among tissues. Ouabain inhibition in most tissues of rats and hamsters requires notoriously high concentrations and is rapidly reversible. In addition, the ouabain dose-response of Na, K-ATPase of rat and hamster kidney membrane preparations fails to show the usual shift to higher concentrations at low temperatures, and the antagonism of ouabain binding by K may also be lacking. Some rodent tissues have been reported to have ouabain sensitivities in the micromolar range even though reversal is rapid in one of these. The ouabain sensitivity of K influx is measured at 37°C at 10 m M K O in erythrocytes of several species of rodents, and ouabain reversibility by measuring fluxes following three rapid washes at 5°C in ouabain-free solution. Low ouabain sensitivity may be a reflection of either a characteristically different Na, K-ATPase, or of an impinging accessory molecule, or both.
Library instruction goes online: An inevitable trend

Purpose – To demonstrate how there is an irreversible momentum towards the adoption of online modes of delivery for library instruction, a process which will have distinctive benefits in the promotion of enhanced levels of information literacy (IL).Design/methodology/approach – The author uses case study and other literature, plus examples from personal professional practice to build an argument.Findings – The momentum towards “cyber‐delivery” is inevitable and is driven by a variety of factors, which can be understood as either external or intrinsic to the arena of IL. External factors include the pressure to find the most effective educational approaches to train students to use tools such as Google appropriately (virtual formats are best to deal with virtual challenges); intrinsic factors include the innate suitability of online IL for encouraging independent learning and student‐centred education.Research limitations/implications – The research technique consists of a dualistic analysis of dynamic fac...
Differences between Blind and Sighted Children on WISC Verbal Subtests

Scores of blind and partially sighted children on verbal WISC scales were compared with those of sighted children in an attempt to discover whether the factor structures of the two groups correspon...
Functional imaging as an indicator of diagnostic information in cardiac magnetic-resonance images

Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the human heart provide three dimensional geometric information about the location of cardiac structures throughout the cardiac cycle. Analysis of this four dimensional data set allows detection of abnormal cardiac function related to the presence of coronary artery disease. To assist in this analysis, quantitative measurements of cardiac performance are made from the MR data including ejection fractions, regional wall motion and myocardial wall thickening. Analysis of cardiac performance provided by quantitative analysis of MR data can be aided by computer graphics presentation techniques. Two and three dimensional functional images are computed to indicate regions of abnormality based on the previous methods. The two dimensional images are created using color graphics overlays on the original MR image to represent performance. Polygon surface modeling techniques are used to represent data which is three dimensional, such as blood pool volumes. The surface of these images are color encoded by regional ejection fraction, wall motion or wall thickening. A functional image sequence is constructed at each phase of the cardiac cycle and displayed as a movie loop for review by the physician. Selection of a region on the functional image allows visual interpretation of the original MR images, graphical plots of cardiac function and tabular results. Color encoding is based on absolute measurements and comparison to standard normal templates of cardiac performance.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Recent solar oblateness observations: Data, interpretation, and significance for earlier works

The available evidence relevant to the interpretation of an observed oblateness is given. Heavy reliance is placed on the basic reports of the SCLERA oblateness work. The solar oblateness seems to imply that the mass quadrupole moment of the sun makes a negligible contribution to the advance of Mercury's perihelion. It is suggested that the excess brightness may deserve a more important role in the description of the sun. 15 references. (BJG)
Antinucleon sources in heavy-ion collisions

As recently measured in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the antideuteron formation rate, which is the ratio of the antideuteron production cross section to the antiproton cross section squared at the same momentum per nucleon, is substantially smaller than the formation rate of deuterons. This happens because the shape of the antinucleon source is different from the nucleon one. In the case of baryon-rich sources, the nucleons are emitted from the whole source volume while antinucleons are emitted predominantly from the surface due to antinucleon absorption in the baryon environment.
Contactless USB — A capacitive power and bidirectional data transfer system

This paper extends the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard to the contactless domain by combining bidirectional data communication with a capacitive power transfer interface. This work first addresses the power transfer with analysis, simulations, and experiment, based on a secondary side phase feedback series resonant topology. This gives the advantage of simple circuitry to regulate output voltage over large parametric variations of the capacitive interface. Secondly this work presents the data communication analysis, simulations and experiment where differential mode voltage containing the data information rides on top of the larger power voltage. An experimental prototype was built to deliver 1.25W of power with 53% overall efficiency over a total of 300pF capacitance with an area of 52cm2, also realizing 100Mb/s bidirectional data communication.
An extremely rare cause of Eisenmenger syndrome.

Abstract Persistent Truncus Arteriosus (PTA) is an extremely rare defect accounting for under 1% of all congenital heart disease, and over 85% of patients succumb to heart failure in infancy. We report a case of van Praagh type A3 PTA, which represents its rarest variant and accounts for only 8–10% of all patients with PTA. The presence of ductal stenosis in such cases is further exceedingly rare.
Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California

Abstract Acoustically discovered hydrocarbon seeps along a transform fault zone on the Sonoran margin of Guaymas Basin and in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin were examined and sampled during dives of DSV Alvin . Seepage of methane and heavier hydrocarbons occurs through shallow pockmarks along the eroding crest of a steep anticline, 1600 m below sea level. Extensive ledges of aragonite crop out around the rims of the pockmarks; isotopic analysis indicates that carbonate precipitation is a result of methane oxidation. Seepage zones within the pockmarks support dense communities of Calyptogena , half buried in the mud; tubeworms ( Lamellibracheae sp.) have colonized many of the aragonite outcrops. Though the margin site is only a few kilometers from a high-temperature sulfide-precipitating and petroleum-discharging vent system at a nearby center, its structural setting is more akin to pockmarks described from continental shelves, and its chemosynthetic fauna is more like that around low temperature seeps on other continental slopes and margins (e.g. Oregon, U.S.A., and Japan). The seep in the Southern Trough is a condensate-type petroleum (C 1 -C 40 ) and rises as a plume from a young vent-mound system about 2000 m below sea level.
Postlaminectomy synovial cyst formation: a possible consequence of ligamentum flavum excision.

Ligamentum flavum is generally resected with impunity when a laminectomy is performed; it is a strong ligament and its removal may not be inconsequential. We sought to examine the consequence of resection of ligamentum flavum as it pertains to the formation of synovial cysts. Following IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who underwent a laminectomy for any diagnosis during the years 2009-2010. Exclusions were made for patients undergoing resection of a synovial cyst, laminectomy done as part of a fusion, and microdiscectomy. A total of 201 laminectomies were performed. 10 instances of post-laminectomy synovial cyst occurred in only the lumbar spine. Synovial cysts occurred exclusively after surgery for stenosis (n = 10). Laminectomy and resection of the ligament flavum is a risk factor for the subsequent formation of a synovial cyst. Secondary synovial cyst formation should be suspected in individuals who develop radiculopathy after laminectomy for stenosis.
Obstacles to JIT procurement

Abstract This article presents research results highlighting key barriers to JIT-purchasing implementation. The six major barriers are: type of production process, frequency of schedule changes, lack of supplier benefits, distance from suppliers, focus on price versus cost, and lack of role models to follow.
Rheological properties of incompatible blends of two elastomers

Mold flows and melt viscosities of an incompatible bi-component EPDM and “Viton” fluoroelastormer system were examined. A marked reduction in the melt viscosities of either component was observed when a small amount of the other component was present. It was speculated that the phenomenon was a result of a slippage between the polymer and the coated capillary surface due to the presence of a minor amount of the incompatible polymer. Evidence is given to indicate that this effect cannot be accounted for using the “melt structural heterogeneity” mechanism proposed for a different system by Andtrianova.
Stress-associated preterm delivery: The role of corticotropin-releasing hormone☆☆☆

Abstract Objective: The study's objective was to provide an introduction to the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone in preterm delivery associated with stress. Study Design: A selective review of the current literature relevant to the objective was undertaken. Published data were analyzed for relevance to the biochemical model presented. Results: Preterm delivery is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Efforts to prevent preterm delivery have been greatly hampered by a poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. There is increasing clinical and laboratory evidence that many preterm deliveries result from maternal and fetal stress, which activates cells in the placenta, decidua, and fetal membranes to produce corticotropin-releasing hormone. Corticotropin-releasing hormone in turn enhances prostaglandin production in these tissues to promote parturition. Conclusion: Corticotropin-releasing hormone plays an important role in the etiology of preterm delivery associated with maternal or fetal stress. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:S264-6.)