cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Smoking Patterns and Smoking among Eighth and Tenth Grade Students

Les families de fumeurs ont eteetudiees a partir du comportement tabagique d'un grand echantillon representatif des lyceens des 8* et 10* niveaux du centre de la Floride (n= 1416). Des analyses multivariees ont revele que le tabagisme de la mere, du pere, de la soeur ou du frere aines rendait compte de 12% de la variance de la decision de se mettre a fumer. Des analyses de regression multiple ont montre qu'une grande soeur fumeuse expliquait la plus grande part de la variance des fumeurs, suivie par la mere et par le pere. L'influence du frere aine n'est pas significative. La famille n'est pas significativement liee au maintien du tabagisme chez les lyceens. Family smoking habits were examined as they related to the behaviour of a broad, representative sample of eighth and tenth grade students from central and south-central Florida (n=1416). Multivariate analyses of variance revealed that 12% of the variance for smoking initiation (smoker) was accounted for by the smoking habits of mother, father, older sister, and older brother. Multiple regression analyses showed that older sister's smoking accounted for the greatest independent proportion of smoker variance, followed by mother's and father's smoking. Older brother's smoking habits did not contribute significant unique variance. Family smoking habits were not significantly related to the maintenance of students' smoking behaviour.
Synthesizer 1.0: a varying-coefficient meta-analytic tool.

Meta-analysis has become an indispensable tool for reaching accurate and representative conclusions about phenomena of interest within a research literature. However, in order for meta-analytic computations to provide accurate estimates of population parameters (e.g., a population correlation), underlying statistical models need to be both efficient and unbiased. Current fixed-effect (i.e., constant-coefficient) models that assume a common effect for all research results perform poorly under conditions of effect size heterogeneity, whereas current random-effects (i.e., random-coefficient) models require unrealistic assumptions about random sampling of observed effect sizes from a normally distributed superpopulation. This article describes a free statistical software tool that employs a varying-coefficient model recently proposed by Bonett (2008, 2009). The software (Synthesizer 1.0) employs procedures that do not require effect homogeneity or random sampling of effect sizes from a normal distribution. It may be used to meta-analyze correlations, alpha reliabilities, and standardized mean differences. The Synthesizer tool for Microsoft Excel 2007 may be downloaded from the author at www .psychology.iastate.edu/~zkrizan/Synthesizer.htm or as a supplement to the article at http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.
The Importance of Asymmetric Tax Policy and Dangers of Aggregation

Existing tax policies have many complex features that make distinctions across goods, factors, and financial structures that distort economic allocations. Their importance is ignored when tax policy is summarized by an “effective” tax rate. In fact, the losses due to asymmetries are often larger than the losses due to the level of taxation.
Ageless Considerations for the Ongoing Inclusion of Play, Recess, and Physical Education

(2010). Ageless Considerations for the Ongoing Inclusion of Play, Recess, and Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 81, No. 6, pp. 7-11.
The effect of DNA CpG methylation on the dynamic conformation of a nucleosome.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that is known to induce chromatin condensation and gene silencing. We used a time-domain fluorescence lifetime measurement to quantify the effects of DNA hypermethylation on the conformation and dynamics of a nucleosome. Nucleosomes reconstituted on an unmethylated and a methylated DNA both exhibit dynamic conformations under physiological conditions. The DNA end breathing motion and the H2A-H2B dimer destabilization dominate the dynamic behavior of nucleosomes at low to medium ionic strength. Extensive DNA CpG methylation, surprisingly, does not help to restrain the DNA breathing motion, but facilitates the formation of a more open nucleosome conformation. The presence of the divalent cation, Mg2+, essential for chromatin compaction, and the methyl donor molecule SAM, required for DNA methyltransferase reaction, facilitate the compaction of both types of nucleosomes. The difference between the unmethylated and the methylated nucleosome persists within a broad range of salt concentrations, but vanishes under high magnesium concentrations. Reduced DNA backbone rigidity due to the presence of methyl groups is believed to contribute to the observed structural and dynamic differences. The observation of this study suggests that DNA methylation alone does not compact chromatin at the nucleosomal level and provides molecular details to understand the regulatory role of DNA methylation in gene expression.
Subinhibitory Concentrations of Azithromycin Decrease Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Biofilm Formation and Diminish Established Biofilms

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) commonly causes otitis media, chronic bronchitis in emphysema, and early airway infections in cystic fibrosis. Long-term, low-dose azithromycin has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in chronic lung diseases, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. The inhibition of bacterial biofilms by azithromycin has been postulated to be one mechanism mediating these effects. We hypothesized that subinhibitory concentrations of azithromycin would affect NTHi biofilm formation. Laboratory strains of NTHi expressing green fluorescent protein and azithromycin-resistant clinical isolates were grown in flow-cell and static-culture biofilm models. Using a range of concentrations of azithromycin and gentamicin, we measured the degree to which these antibiotics inhibited biofilm formation and persistence. Large biofilms formed over 2 to 4 days in a flow cell, displaying complex structures, including towers and channels. Subinhibitory concentrations of azithromycin significantly decreased biomass and maximal thickness in both forming and established NTHi biofilms. In contrast, subinhibitory concentrations of gentamicin had no effect on biofilm formation. Furthermore, established NTHi biofilms became resistant to gentamicin at concentrations far above the MIC. Biofilm formation of highly resistant clinical NTHi isolates (azithromycin MIC of > 64 microg/ml) was similarly decreased at subinhibitory azithromycin concentrations. Clinically obtainable azithromycin concentrations inhibited biofilms in all but the most highly resistant isolates. These data show that subinhibitory concentrations of azithromycin have antibiofilm properties, provide mechanistic insights, and supply an additional rationale for the use of azithromycin in chronic biofilm infections involving H. influenzae.
Identities for generalized fibonacci numbers

This note introduces a family of generalized Fibonacci numbers and provides some identities these numbers satisfy. The results are proved using clever rearrangements, rather than using induction.
Intestinal absorption in diabetes: binding of D-glucose to brush borders.

We have examined the relationship of enhanced intestinal sugar absorption in diabetic rats to binding of glucose by isolated brush borders. Diabetic brush borders did not bind D-glucose to a greater extent than brush borders from control animals. (Endocrinology 89: 1329, 1971) stored in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate gassed with 95% O2~5 % CO2 over ice until incubation. The method of Forstner et al. (4) was used to prepare brush borders from the remainder of the intestine. These preparations were pure by phase microscopy and exhibited an increase in sucrase specific activity of 17-fold over mucosal homogenate. After a final wash with cold 50 mM Tris-5 HIM MgCl2 (pH 7.4) the brush borders were suspended in 2 ml of this buffer. Methods developed by Eichholz et al. (5) and modified somewhat by us (6) were used to measure specific binding of D-glucose to brush borders. Briefly, brush borders were incubated with 1 ux D-( 3 H) glucose and 0.3 u,c L-( 14 C) glucose (specific activities 3.46 c/mmole and 3 mc/mmole respectively) in 50 mM Tris-5 mM MgCl2 (pH 7.4) and separated from the reaction mixture by filtration through 5 u, Millipore filters. Disintegra- tion/min of 14 C and 3 H were determined with a discriminator ratio technique after counting in a three-channel liquid scintillation counter. Results were expressed as specifically bound 3 H per mg of
TA(A)SP: the formative years

This essay is a personal reconstruction of the founding and early development of The Association for the Anthropological Study of Play, whose name was changed in 1987 to The Association for the Study of Play (TASP). Chronologically from 1973 to 1978 and through description of some later events the essay summarizes the theoretical rationale for TASP; emphasizes the pioneering individuals who organized, inspired, and sustained the organization; and indicates some publications and theoretical contributions generated by it.
Emotional Reactions to Forensic Work

The author of this article primarily functions, not as a forensic psychiatrist, but as a psychotherapist to patients at various stages of the legal process (as victims or their alleged perpetrators of crimes) who are referred by their attorneys. Complicating factors with regard to this kind of referral include: the censorship of material by the patient, whose psychoanalytic psychotherapist's notes may be reviewed by attorneys and the Court; the possiblity that the psychotherapist may have to be called to testify; and that the referring attorney lawyer may expect the psychoanalytic psychotherapist to “produce” a diagnosis which helps the patient's case. When “secondardy gain” is the primary motivation for forensic patients, the treatment often comes to an abrupt halt as soon as the trial is completed. The emotional reactions of the psychoanalytic psychotherapist may be heightened in such cases. Additionally, the treating therapist may oscillate between finding the crimes committed, and the patient who alle...
INVESTIGATION OF IGNITION OF THERMOPLASTICS THROUGH THE HOT WIRE IGNITION TEST

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ignition phenomena of selected polymeric materials—Plexiglas® (PMMA), polyethylene, Lexan® (polycarbonate), and nylon using the Hot Wire Ignition Test. Underwriters' Laboratories (UL) prescribe this test for polymeric materials used in enclosures or insulation systems of electrical equipment. The main objective of this study was to identify the effect of specimen thickness on the ignition time. In addition, temperature changes at the surface of selected polymeric materials during the different phases of the ignition process were also investigated. The apparatus used for this test was specified by ASTM D 3874–90a—Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources. It consisted of a supply circuit capable of maintaining a continuous 60-Hz power density of 0.26 W/mm over 12 in. (304.8 mm) of No. 24 AWG, Nichrome V wire and a variable transformer for adjustment of the voltage to achieve the desired current. Temperature measurements were also per...
Power to the People: Toward a Social History of Computing

When the Annals of the History of Computing was first established 25 years ago, it assumed for itself an ambitious agenda: by publishing “scholarly papers and anecdotal notes, rigorously researched material and controversial remembrances,” it would serve as a “living history” of the computer revolution’s unprecedented scientific and technological accomplishments. If in practice, its contributions were more often first-hand practitioner accounts rather than scholarly treatises, more often nutsand-bolts descriptions of specific machines and developments rather than richly contextual histories, this was entirely understandable. The field was new, its full scope and boundaries were as yet undefined, and it had not yet captured the attention of the larger scholarly community. In recent years, the history of computing as a discipline—and the Annals as its most prominent professional journal—has evolved into something more broadly encompassing, intellectually sophisticated, and engaging. Both have attracted a diverse group of professional scholars who bring with them new questions, perspectives, and methodological tools. Mirroring developments in the larger field of the history of technology, the history of computing has increasingly situated seemingly internal developments in electronic computing within their larger social, technological, and political context. The result has been more rigorous, convincing, relevant explanations of how the computer shapes, and is shaped by, modern society.
K longest paths per gate (KLPG) test generation for scan-based sequential circuits

To detect the smallest delay faults at a fault site, the longest path(s) through it must be tested at full speed. Existing test generation tools are inefficient in automatically identifying the longest testable paths due to the high computational complexity. In this work a test generation methodology for scan-based synchronous sequential circuits is presented, under two at-speed test strategies used in industry. The two strategies are compared and the test generation efficiency is evaluated on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits and industrial designs. Experiments show that testing transition faults through the longest paths can be done in reasonable test set size.
Achievement and Attrition Rate Differences Between Traditional and Internet‐Based Beginning Spanish Courses

: This paper describes a 2–1/2-year study on of achievement and attrition rate differences between a beginning, university-level Spanish course delivered in the classroom and the same course taught over the Internet. The course was taught face-to-face in a classroom setting to traditionally matriculated students. Each class session was also streamed as a live Webcast via the Internet (and was archived for later delivery) to a section of traditionally matriculated students. In later semesters, sections of Distance Education (nontraditionally matriculated) students were included in the study. Results suggest that (1) current Internet technology can effectively deliver a beginning Spanish language course and, for the motivated student, provide an experience nearly identical to that of the classroom setting; (2) attrition rates were significantly different between the traditional group (low attrition) and the two Internet groups (higher attrition); and (3) achievement scores on hourly tests and final exams, and overall achievement, were not significantly different when comparing students who completed the course. However, when all students who had initially enrolled were included in the analyses, the two Internet groups scored significantly lower than the traditional delivery group.
Modulation of cone horizontal cell activity in the teleost fish retina. III. Effects of prolonged darkness and dopamine on electrical coupling between horizontal cells

The effects of prolonged darkness and dopamine on the coupling between horizontal cells in the isolated, superfused white perch retina were studied. Two assays of coupling were employed; area versus amplitude relationships (area-response curves) and the diffusion of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow from intracellularly injected cells to neighboring cells. In prolonged dark-adapted retinas, area-response curves were difficult to determine because of the small light responses; however, light-evoked responses did not increase in size when light spots were larger than 0.8 mm in diameter. Following the presentation of dim background illumination that partially sensitized the retina, responses to light spots of various sizes were enhanced and an area-response curve could be constructed. Subsequent presentation of moderate background illumination that more fully sensitized the retina resulted in reduced responses to small spots (less than 1.6 mm in diameter) and enhanced responses to large spot or full-field stimuli. In retinas exposed to moderate background illumination, Lucifer yellow injected intracellularly into cone horizontal cells diffused into many neighboring horizontal cells. The coupled cells were very similar in morphology, suggesting they were of the same type. In prolonged dark- adapted retinas, on the other hand, the dye was usually restricted to the injected cell and a few adjacent cells. These results indicate that coupling between cone horizontal cells is modulated by prolonged darkness and background illumination. Following dopamine (50 microM) application, in both 6-OHDA-treated and untreated retinas, changes in area-response curves of cone horizontal cells were observed just opposite to those that occurred when prolonged dark-adapted retinas were exposed to background illumination. That is, following 5 min application of dopamine to the retina, responses to small spots (less than 2 mm in diameter) increased in size while responses to larger spots decreased in amplitude compared with control responses. Following 20 min of superfusion with dopamine, the recorded responses were very small, and an accurate area-response curve could not be determined. Following dopamine application to light-sensitized retinas, Lucifer yellow was restricted to the injected cells or to the injected cell and a few neighboring cells. The results suggest that the modulation of coupling between cone horizontal cells by prolonged darkness and background illumination may be mediated by dopamine. Spatial properties of rod horizontal cells were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
MANAGING RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN COMPLEX CAPITAL PROJECTS

In evaluating capital budgeting decisions, quantitative approaches, such as traditional discounted cash flow modeling and real options valuations, are useful when there is a presumed probability distribution for the future forecasted outcomes or for when there are lower levels of uncertainty. As uncertainty increases and forecasting becomes difficult, the value of financial modeling techniques decreases. Borrowing from the strategic management literature, we argue that it may be useful to employ a qualitative approach to evaluate capital projects when faced with high levels of uncertainty. In order to illustrate our argument, we use a derivative of scenario planning and qualitative real options to evaluate non-quantifiable factors in a project for the National Ignition Facility.
Bioinformatic identification and characterization of human endothelial cell-restricted genes

Background In this study, we used a systematic bioinformatics analysis approach to elucidate genes that exhibit an endothelial cell (EC) restricted expression pattern, and began to define their regulation, tissue distribution, and potential biological role.
An Investigation of Customization in ERP System Implementations

This research investigates why certain enterprise resource planning (ERP) system adopters have pursued high levels of software customization during implementation despite the generally accepted best-practice heuristic of limiting customization. Qualitative data from ERP adoption projects and consultants working with ERP implementations have been collected. This study empirically identifies customization drivers and explains their relationship to customization. The results suggest that high customization may occur because of: unnecessary redevelopment of functionality that is available in the ERP system standard, resistance to change based on cultural issues and low project acceptance, insufficient weight given to the implementation team's recommendations, and the implementation team's lack of opposition to customization requests. The results of this study also explain how these problems occur and why they lead to overcustomization.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of mammalian translation initiation factor 6 does not function as a translation initiation factor

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6) binds to the 60S ribosomal subunit and prevents its association with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that encodes the 245-amino-acid eIF6 (calculated Mr 25,550), designated TIF6, has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant protein prevents association between 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits to form 80S ribosomes. TIF6 is a single-copy gene that maps on chromosome XVI and is essential for cell growth. eIF6 expressed in yeast cells associates with free 60S ribosomal subunits but not with 80S monosomes or polysomal ribosomes, indicating that it is not a ribosomal protein. Depletion of eIF6 from yeast cells resulted in a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis, accumulation of half-mer polyribosomes, reduced levels of 60S ribosomal subunits resulting in the stoichiometric imbalance in the 40S/60S subunit ratio, and ultimately cessation of cell growth. Furthermore, lysates of yeast cells depleted of eIF6 remained active in translation of mRNAs in vitro. These results indicate that eIF6 does not act as a true translation initiation factor. Rather, the protein may be involved in the biogenesis and/or stability of 60S ribosomal subunits.
Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of Using a Leading Edge Fillet on a Gas Turbine Vane

With the desire for increased power output for a gas turbine engine comes the continual push to achieve higher turbine inlet temperatures. Higher temperatures result in large thermal and mechanical stresses particularly along the nozzle guide vane. One critical region along a vane is the leading edge-endwall juncture. Based on the assumption that the approaching flow to this juncture is similar to a two-dimensional boundary layer, previous studies have shown that a horseshoe vortex forms. This vortex forms because of a radial total pressure gradient from the approaching boundary layer.This paper documents the computational design and experimental validation of a fillet placed at the leading edge-endwall juncture of a guide vane to eliminate the horseshoe vortex. The fillet design effectively accelerated the incoming boundary layer thereby mitigating the effect of the total pressure gradient. To verify the CFD studies used to design the leading edge fillet, flow field measurements were performed in a large-scale, linear, vane cascade. The flow field measurements were performed with a laser Doppler velocimeter in four planes orientated orthogonal to the vane. Good agreement between the CFD predictions and the experimental measurements verified the effectiveness of the leading edge fillet at eliminating the horseshoe vortex. The flowfield results showed that the turbulent kinetic energy levels were significantly reduced in the endwall region because of the absence of the unsteady horseshoe vortex.Copyright © 2001 by ASME
Some effects of later-occurring information on the perception of stop consonant and semivowel

In three experiments, we determined how perception of the syllable-initial distinction between the stop consonant [b] and the semivowel [w], when cued by duration of formant transitions, is affected by parts of the sound pattern that occur later in time. For the first experiment, we constructed four series of syllables, similar in that each had initial formant transitions ranging from one short enough for [ba] to one long enough for [wa], hut different in overall syllable duration. The consequence in perception was that, as syllable duration increased, the [b-w] boundary moved toward transitions of longer duration. Then, in the second experiment, we increased the duration of the sound by adding a second syllable, [da], (thus creating [bada-wada]), and observed that lengthening the second syllable also shifted the perceived [b-w] boundary in the first syllable toward transitions of longer duration; however, this effect was small by comparison with that produced when the first syllable was lengthened equivalently. In the third experiment, we found that altering the structure of the syllable had an effect that is not to be accounted for by the concomitant change in syllable duration: lengthening the syllable by adding syllable-final transitions appropriate for the stop consonant [d] (thus creating [bad-wad]) caused the perceived [b-w] boundary to shift toward transitions of shorter duration, an effect precisely opposite to that produced when the syllable was lengthened to the same extent by adding steady-state vowel. We suggest that, in all these cases, the later-occurring information specifies rate of articulation and that the effect on the earlier-occurring cue reflects an appropriate perceptual normalization.
Urinary pseudouridine excretion following hypophysectomy for prostatic carcinoma in man

Urinary pseudouridine excretion, which may be used as a good index of RNA turnover in the body, was measured in 25 patients who underwent hypophysectomy for advanced prostatic carcinoma. The excretion of pseudouridine was markedly elevated during the first 4 postoperative days in 9 patients who underwent open surgical hypophysectomy, but it remained essentially unchanged after stereotactic cryohypo-physectomy in 16 patients. No correlation existed between the urinary pseudouridine excretion and the degree of ablation of pituitary function or the duration of the symptomatic remission of the disease. The body turnover of RNA was apparently not affected by gross ablation of pituitary function (plus cortisone replacement) but was moderately increased by the trauma associated with an open surgical hypophysectomy.
Wide-Bandwidth Test Fixture for Electromagnetic Beam Sensors

The Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) accelerator will provide an intense deuteron beam at 35 MeV (s = 0.19). The beam, following a stripping reaction on a lithium target, will supply the neutron flux required for studying materials that may be used in a fusion environment. The diagnostic measurement instrumentation, which will characterize the accelerator beam, must be noninterceptive because of the beam's power density. Instrumentation also must be fully functional for start up of the FMIT accelerator. To this end, a test facility was needed to examine signals from diagnostic probes that sense electromagnetic fields emanating from the charged particle beam. The test facility also will help evaluate the probes' corresponding measurement systems before final assembly into the beamline. Three types of test facility were proposed: (1) a low-energy electron accelerator, (2) a large "electron-gun assembly," and (3) a coaxial structure that produces electromagnetic fields similar to that of the proposed FMIT accelerator. The third type was chosen because the design and fabrication could be done at Los Alamos and Types (1) and (2) would be more costly. The coaxial structure can carry the impulse currents required but cannot model the FMIT accelerator charged-particle bunch velocities accurately. However, one may introduce a highly resistive dielectric material into the coaxial test fixture so that its electromagnetic-wave velocities match those of the accelerator's particle-bunch velocities. This paper describes the design and some experimental results of the coaxial test fixture.
Controlling hypertension: a cost-effective model.

Abstract A model system for controlling hypertension that was developed and tested in three industrial settings and three community settings is described. Data
Telomerase Immortalization of Human Myometrial Cells

Several strategies have been described for the primary culture of human myometrial cells. However, primary cultures of myometrial cells have a limited life span, making continual tissue acquisition and cell isolation necessary. Recent studies have demonstrated that cell culture life span is related to chromosomal telomere length, and cellular senescence results from progressive telomere shortening and the lack of telomerase expression. Transfection of cells with expression vectors containing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) maintains telomere length and effectively gives normal cells an unlimited life span in culture. In addition, hTERT extends the life span of cultured cells far beyond normal senescence without causing neoplastic transformation. In the present study, we developed a cell line from hTERT-infected myometrial cells (hTERT-HM). Cells were isolated from myometrial tissue obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy, and retroviral infection was used to express the catalytic subunit of telomerase in myometrial cells. Cells expressing hTERT have been in continuous culture for >10 mo, whereas the control culture senesced after approximately 2 mo. Telomerase activity was monitored in cells with a polymerase chain reaction-based telomerase activity assay. Telomerase-expressing cells contained mRNA for alpha smooth muscle actin, smoothelin, oxytocin receptor, and estrogen receptor alpha, but the estrogen receptor beta receptor was lost. Immunoblotting analysis identified the expression of calponin, caldesmon, alpha smooth muscle actin, and oxytocin receptor. Although estrogen receptor expression was below the level of detection with immunoblotting, transfection experiments performed with reporter constructs driven by estrogen response elements demonstrated estrogen responsiveness in the hTERT-HM. In addition, treatment of hTERT-HM with oxytocin caused a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular calcium levels, confirming the presence of functional oxytocin receptors. Myometrial cells immortalized with hTERT retained markers of differentiation that are observed in primary cultures of smooth muscle cells. The expression of various smooth muscle/myometrium cell markers suggests that these cells may be an appropriate model system to study certain aspects of human myometrial function.
Relationship between scores from the Knee Outcome Survey and a single assessment numerical rating in patients with patellofemoral pain.

Objective: To determine the relationship between patient-reported single numeric ratings and actual scores obtained from a validated instrument, the Knee Outcome Survey (KOS). Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are an important component of patient management. Information obtained from PRO measures can be used to prioritize goal setting, assist with clinical decision-making, provide evidence for effectiveness of interventions, monitor progress, and assess organizational or clinician performance. Methods: Scores from the KOS activity of daily living (ADL) and Sports subscales completed at the time of initial examination of patients with patellofemoral pain (n = 29) were retrospectively analyzed and compared to a single assessment numerical rating. Results: Bi-variate Pearson product correlation was used to determine association between the KOS-ADL and KOS-Sports with respective single assessment numerical ratings. A high correlation was observed between the KOS-ADL (0.85, p < 0.01) and KOS...
Long-term seizure outcomes following resection of supratentorial cavernous malformations.

Abstract Objective Symptomatic supratentorial cavernous malformations may present with seizure, headache, neurological deficit, or a combination thereof. Factors that contribute to treatment algorithms commonly include patient age, lesion size and location, lesion multiplicity, hemorrhage history, and the ability to control seizure activity with medication. A better appreciation of the impact of patient and lesion characteristics on post-operative seizure control may provide insight into management strategies. To determine long-term seizure outcomes following surgical resection of supratentorial cavernous malformations, the predictive value of characteristics including seizure duration and number, presence of generalized seizures, and lesion multiplicity and size on seizure control rate was evaluated. Methods We performed a single institution retrospective review of consecutive patients with supratentorial cavernous malformations presenting with at least one seizure between 1995 and 2008. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the influence of patient and lesion characteristics on postoperative seizure control. Results Fifty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up duration was 87.9 months. At last follow-up there were 46 patients (82.1%) that were free from impairing seizures (Engel Class 1). Ten patients (17.9%) were classified as Engel Class 2–4. Univariate analysis demonstrated that only the presence of multiple cavernomas was associated with worse post-operative seizure outcome ( p =0.006). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that multiple cavernomas remained a significant predictor for development of worse seizure outcome controlling for number and duration of seizures prior to operation, presence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and size (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.03, 0.99). Conclusion Resection of supratentorial cavernomas is associated with a high rate of postoperative seizure freedom. The presence of multiple cavernomas is predictive of seizure persistence following surgery.
A feedback control scheme for resource allocation in wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks

We present a new feedback control scheme for resource allocation in wireless ad hoc environment. The congestion measure on a wireless link is symbolized as a virtual price, which depends on the recent history of wireless node's queue size. The aggregate price along a route is the feedback to control the transmission rate at the source. In this way, the transmission rate adjustment will dynamically achieve efficient resource allocation, and make the queue size on wireless links stabilize around desired equilibrium. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can not only help allocate bandwidth fairly, but also achieve the goal of optimal sharing the channel capacity among multi-hop flows.
Loving Nature From the Inside Out: A Biophilia Matrix Identification Strategy for Designers

Objective:The development of the Biophilic Design Matrix (BDM) was to aid designers or other specialists in identifying and quantifying biophilic features through a visual inventory of interior spaces.Background:With mounting evidence to support the healing attributes of biophilic environments, we propose a method to identify biophilic content within interior spaces. Such a strategy offers much promise to the advancement of restorative environments.Methods:The BDM was based on Stephen Kellert’s biophilic design attribute list and modified to be appropriate for interior environments, specifically children’s healthcare spaces. A photo-ethnographic documentation method of 24 child life play spaces within a South Atlantic state was used to determine whether the BDM could reliably reveal biophilic features (listed as attributes by Kellert in 2008).Results:This matrix appears useful in documenting biophilia within the pediatric healthcare context, attesting to the usability and functionality of the BDM for this...
Outdoor Adventure Recreation

(1986). Outdoor Adventure Recreation. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 57, No. 5, pp. 66-67.
Role of Clay-Solvent Inter and Intraparticle Interactions on Swelling Characteristics of Montmorillonite Nano-Meso-Micro Scale Particulate Systems

This paper deals with fundamental molecular issues related to macroscopic mechanical properties of nano-meso-microscale montmorillonite clay particulate systems. Molecular interaction of high aspect montmorillonite particles with solvents has large influence on resulting swelling characteristics in clays consisting of montmorillonite. A new controlled uniaxial swelling (CUS) cell is designed which allows a simultaneous measurement of swelling and swelling pressure in addition to ease of removal of undisturbed samples for electron microscopic and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigations. Our work shows that the swelling behavior of montmorillonite directly results from breakdown of large particles to smaller nano and meso scale particles with increased water incorporation in the interlayers. The Si-O vibration band regions of the montmorillonite spectra obtained at controlled amounts of swelling from 0-100% (where 0% swelling is defined as fully saturated samples under no volume change) show changes in band shape, intensity, and positions resulting from increased H-bonding in the interlayers and surface of montmorillonite particles. In addition, orientation dependant micro-attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopic investigations are also conducted on the controlled swelled samples. Our results indicate that the reduced particle size with increased swelling is related to increased misorientation of the montmorillonite platelets. The relationship between molecular interactions microstructure and macroscopic response (swelling and swelling pressure) is the key to development of novel nanocomposite systems based on montmorillonite with tailored properties.
Morphological and chemical analyses of red pine (Pinus resinosa ait.) buds

On a known red pine, K-deficient to non-K-deficient, site continuum which has been examined for tree morphological and chemical properties along with soil physical and chemical properties, results of bud analyses are presented and discussed as a possible diagnostic technique. Simple correlations between all pairs of bud morphological properties and between these properties and tree height, and between all pairs of bud chemical properties and between these properties and tree height were examined; and the results of the bud nutrient element concentrations and tree height were subjected to a multiple regression analysis.
In Vivo Transplantation of Engineered Human Skin

Tissue engineering approaches have enabled the development of methodologies that allow long-term, in vivo studies in epidermal biology. This has been accomplished through in vivo transplantation of human epidermal cells fabricated as three-dimensional, skin-equivalents in vitro. The methodologies presented in this chapter describe how skin-equivalent (organotypic) cultures are transplanted to nude mice to generate human skin grafts that normalize their tissue architecture, basement membrane structure and barrier function shortly after grafting. By grafting skin equivalents as composite cultures featuring well-differentiated human epidermis and fibroblasts in collagen gel, transplants are "primed" for accelerated take of grafted tissues. The methods outlined can generate stable, human epidermis that mimics the in vivo tissue.
Ictal pain: occurrence, clinical features, and underlying etiologies

Abstract Purpose We analyzed a series of patients with ictal pain to estimate its occurrence and characterize the underlying etiologies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all the long-term video-EEG reports from Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center over a 12-year period (2004–2015) for the occurrence of the term “pain” in the text body. All the extracted reports were reviewed, and patients with at least one documented episode of ictal pain in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) were included in the study. Results During the study period, 5133 patients were investigated in our EMU. Forty-six patients (0.9%) had at least one documented episode of ictal pain. Twenty-four patients (0.5%) had psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), 10 patients (0.2%) had epilepsy, 11 patients (0.2%) had migraine, and one woman had a cardiac problem. Pain location was in the upper or lower extremities (with or without other locations) in 80% of the patients with epilepsy, 33% of the patients with PNES (p = 0.01), and none of the patients with migraine. Conclusion Ictal pain is a rare finding among patients evaluated in EMUs. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures are the most common cause, but ictal pain is not specific for this diagnosis. Location of the ictal pain in a limb may help differentiate an epileptic cause from others.
Studies on the control of pineal indole synthesis: cyclic nucleotides, adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase.

An overview of the biochemical events that occur when postsynaptic pineal beta-adrenergic receptors are stimulated is presented. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the adenylate cyclase system for the induction of N-acetyltransferase (NAT). Super- and subsensitive responses of NAT to receptor agonists are related to cAMP concentration, adenylate cyclase and Phosphodiesterase activities and receptor binding sites.
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) and Its Importance in Mitochondrial Function and Cancer

Mitochondria are vital metabolic centers in the cell, containing key enzymes for numerous metabolic pathways, such as the Krebs cycle, urea cycle, iron metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and heme synthesis, to name a few. Mitochondria are the major site of oxygen consumption for use in oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) being produced as a by-product of oxygen metabolism. ROS can have deleterious effects on multiple mitochondria-centered activities, leading to the development of numerous diseases, including cancer. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential antioxidant enzyme localized in mitochondria. MnSOD protects the cell from the harmful effects of ROS, in general, and guards against mitochondrial dysfunction, in particular. MnSOD plays a dual role in cancer development, acting as a tumor suppressor during early stages of carcinogenesis and facilitating cancer progression at later stages of development. A greater understanding of the role of MnSOD in preserving mitochondrial function can give important insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer and other diseases resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction.
Hermeneutics and Architecture: Buildings-in-Themselves and Interpretive Trustworthiness

This chapter delineates some key issues that a hermeneutics of architecture must address. Jones’ The Hermeneutics of Sacred Architecture (2000) is used as a heuristic context for explicating two central research concerns: first, the contentious question of whether buildings-in-themselves, as opposed to the personal, social, and cultural experiences and meanings of buildings, can be examined hermeneutically; and, second, the complex matter of interpretive trustworthiness—i.e., how is one to evaluate the relative accuracy and validity of competing interpretations? To illustrate a hermeneutic perspective that might circumvent these two interpretive concerns, the chapter draws on two important efforts to generate what might be called a hermeneutics of the language of architecture: first, philosopher Karsten Harries’ language of natural symbols; and, second, architect Thomas Thiis-Evensen’s language of architectural archetypes. The chapter evaluates the relative interpretive power of these two hermeneutic languages to describe accurately and non-arbitrarily the lived experience of “buildings-in-themselves.”
Two models for fusion of medical imaging data: Comparison and connections

Exploitation of complementary information is the principal reason for collecting data from multiple neurological sensors. Since little is known about the latent processes underlying neural function, it is important to minimize the assumptions placed on the data when performing a joint analysis. This motivates the use of data-driven fusion methods, such as independent vector analysis (IVA), for the analysis of neurological data. For neural datasets, the complementary information exploited by fusion methods may be in the form of similar spatial activation across datasets, the spatial IVA (sIVA) model, or similar subject relations across datasets, the transposed IVA (tIVA) model. Despite the potential power of these two models, no study has investigated how the differences in the modeling assumptions of sIVA and tIVA inform the fusion of real neuro-imaging data. In this paper, we utilize a unique set of multitask functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 271 subjects to directly compare the sIVA and tIVA models and visualize their differences using a novel technique, global difference maps. Through this application, we note important similarities between the results from the two methods that increase our confidence in their overall performance, though differences in modeling assumptions result in certain differences in the decompositions.
Stability vs. flexibility: The effect of regulatory institutions on opportunity type

How entrepreneurial opportunities are formed and exploited depends upon the institutional environment in which they are embedded. The varying amounts of risk and uncertainty across and within heterogeneous institutional environments have important implications for the types of opportunity developed. While the international business and entrepreneurship literatures consider the effect of environmental risk and uncertainty on firms, risk and uncertainty are often treated as interchangeable or synonymous, and rarely are both considered to be present together. To address this, we develop a new theoretical model based on institutional economics, describing how institutional arrangements promoting stability – thus supporting an entrepreneur’s ability to assess risk – will lead to more imitative opportunities, while institutions promoting flexibility – thus supporting an entrepreneur’s ability to respond to uncertainty by iterating – will foster more innovative opportunities. We test this framework using cross-national data across 40 countries from the GEM survey, finding that institutional arrangements that promote stability do lead to more imitation, while institutions that promote flexibility foster more innovation. By treating risk and uncertainty as distinct constructs, our study makes theoretical contributions to research on institutional environments and opportunity types, with implications for future research on subsidiary initiatives, the evolution of MNEs, and born-global firms.
School exposure and asthma

Abstract Objective To provide a comprehensive overview of common school exposures and the association between school exposures and pediatric asthma morbidity. Data Sources A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed. Study Selections Full-length, peer-reviewed studies published in English were considered for review. In vivo, in vitro, and animal studies were excluded. Studies of school exposure to cockroach, mouse, dust mite, dog, cat, molds, pollution, and endotoxin associated with asthma and asthma morbidity were considered. Results The current literature establishes an association between school exposure and pediatric asthma morbidity. There is a need for ongoing research to evaluate the effects of school-based environmental interventions on asthma morbidity. Conclusion It is evident that the indoor school environment is a significant reservoir of allergens, molds, pollutants, and endotoxin and that there is an association between school exposure and pediatric asthma morbidity. School-based interventions have the potential for substantial individual, community, and public health benefit. It is important that researchers continue to study the health effects associated with school exposures and assess cost-effectiveness of multifaceted school-based interventions.
Micro-fragmented adipose tissue for treatment of knee osteoarthritis with Baker's cyst: A case study

Adipose-derived therapies have increased in popularity for treatment of painful orthopaedic conditions, such as osteoarthritis. We report the passage of fat into a Baker’s cyst after injection of micro-fragmented adipose tissue in a patient with bilateral knee arthritis. Following fat grafting, the patient required drainage of fatty fluid from within the Baker’s cyst on multiple occasions. Approximately 3 months postprocedure, she began to notice an improvement in her knee pain with no further recurrence of pain or swelling from her Baker’s cyst.