cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends in dental and allied dental education

ABSTRACT Background Educational programs play an important role in preparing a qualified dental work force. This article reviews the current status and trends in dental, advanced dental and allied dental education programs in the United States and examines their impact on the dental work force. Overview This analysis focuses on survey data collected by the American Dental Association during the past 10 to 15 years and compares recent patterns in applications, enrollment and graduation with previous trends. The numbers of educational programs, applicants, enrollees and graduates have increased in dentistry, dental hygiene and dental assisting, while dental laboratory technology has declined in all measures. The proportion of women in dentistry has increased, while the ethnic profile of dental and allied personnel has shown little change. Both the cost of dental education and student debt continue to increase. Conclusions Despite increases in the number of educational programs and overall numbers of graduates from dental and allied dental education programs, the proportion of underrepresented groups still lags behind their representation in the overall population, and the number of allied personnel falls short of practice needs. Practice Implications Patterns in applications, enrollment and graduation are important determinants of the dental and allied dental work force. The cost and funding of education significantly affect the attractiveness of dental careers and the sustainability of educational programs and should be monitored carefully by the profession.
Motivating Retirement Planning: Problems and Solutions

People often find it difficult to make the right decision about retirement savings. The payoffs are in the distant future, and the promise of pleasure tomorrow can mean pain today. The wrong decision yields an instant gain, the outcome is uncertain, the decision can be postponed without immediate penalty. In the end, the pressures of immediate gratification, delayed benefit, the unknown, the uncertain, the uncomfortable, ally against wise decisions. Yet, while many people yield to these influences, many others make the right choice. That drives us to ask why. Recent research has examined various approaches to promoting retirement investment. One promising strategy, automatic enrollment, taps into an old theory about the functional order of behavior and attitudes. This chapter examines the theory to understand why automatic enrollment has a good chance of overcoming the natural impediments to wise decisions about retirement investments.
Processing of Consumed Energy

In the previous two chapters we have discussed the various means by which consumers obtain sufficient rations. In this chapter we focus on the various fates of ingested material and how this apportionment affects consumers. In this section we will look at the overall scheme of flow of ingested material; in the following section we examine the processes that affect the various fates of matter ingested by consumers and some consequences of this partitioning. In many instances the rates of each process vary so widely that it is necessary for comparative purposes to use ratios between two of the processes, which we refer to as efficiencies. After completing the examination of partitioning of food in specific populations, we consider how the partitions are put together in energy budgets for populations and ecosystems.
A New Late Miocene Species of Sciaenid Fish, Based Primarily on an in situ Otolith from California

Abstract A new species of sciaenid, Seriphus lavenbergi sp. nov., is described from the late Miocene Yorba Member of the Puente Formation, southern California. The holotype is represented by an incomplete disarticulated skull with the right saccular (= sagitta) otolith in situ, an extremely rare occurrence. This is the earliest known geological occurrence of Seriphus and represents a second species within the genus. It is hypothesized that the ancestor of Seriphus emigrated from the Gulf Stream of the Atlantic into the Pacific via the Panama Seaway and the genus evolved entirely in the eastern Pacific.
Nāgārjuna and the Spread of His Teachings

It is difficult and even impossible to arrive at a completely accurate, historical account of Nāgārjuna’s life because later Buddhists have tended to embellish and fictionalize him. There are often different and conflicting accounts of the life and work of Mādhyamika’s founder. Some sources confuse Ārya Nāgārjuna (Lung-shu: c. 113–213), the founder of Mādhyamika Buddhism, with Siddha Nāgārjuna who lived some four hundred years later. And two birthplaces, Vidarba and Kānchi, are given for Nāgārjuna.
Breastfeeding Peer Counseling: From Efficacy through Scale-up

An increasing number of publications have evaluated various breastfeeding peer counseling models. This article describes a systematic review of (a) the randomized trials assessing the effectiveness of breastfeeding peer counseling in improving rates of breastfeeding initiation, duration, exclusivity, and maternal and child health outcomes and (b) scientific literature describing the scale-up of breastfeeding peer counseling programs. Twenty-six peer-reviewed publications were included in this review. The overwhelming majority of evidence from randomized controlled trials evaluating breastfeeding peer counseling indicates that peer counselors effectively improve rates of breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. Peer counseling interventions were also shown to significantly decrease the incidence of infant diarrhea and significantly increase the duration of lactational amenorrhea. Breastfeeding peer counseling initiatives are effective and can be scaled up in both developed and developing countries as part of well-coordinated national breastfeeding promotion or maternal-child health programs.
Sleep Duration and Insomnia Symptoms as Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation in a Nationally Representative Sample.

Objective Suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completion) has been increasingly linked with difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, and early morning awakenings. However, the relationship between suicidal behavior and sleep duration abnormalities is unclear, especially at the population level. The present study used a nationally representative sample to examine the association of suicidal ideation with extreme sleep durations and insomnia symptoms. Method Cross-sectional data from adult respondents (≥ 18 years of age, N = 6,228) were extracted from the 2007-2008 wave of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship of suicidal ideation with sleep duration, global insomnia, and individual insomnia symptoms in models adjusted for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates. Results Suicidal ideation was associated with abnormalities of sleep duration. This relationship ceased to exist once the model was adjusted for depressive symptoms. As expected, an increased level of suicidal ideation was consistently associated with insomnia. Of the insomnia symptoms, difficulty maintaining sleep was found to be the most predictive of suicidal ideation, followed by difficulty initiating sleep (P Conclusions Abnormalities of sleep duration and continuity should prompt a clinical assessment for suicide risk.
Evaluation of iterative reconstruction of CT images for attenuation correction in PET/CT

2511 Objectives Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) is a CT reconstruction algorithm developed by GE Healthcare that allows for reduced CT dose while maintaining image quality. The ASIR algorithm is available on GE PET/CT systems. The goal of this project was to evaluate the image quality of CT images reconstructed with the ASIR algorithm and to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of PET images that were corrected for attenuation with these ASIR CT images. Methods Phantoms of 27 and 35 cm diameter were filled with water and approximately 2 mCi of F-18 and scanned on the Discovery 690 ADC PET/CT system. A helical CT was acquired with a pitch of 0.984, 120 keV and mA of 280, 120, 80, 60, 40, 20 and 10. CT images were reconstructed with 0, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% ASIR for both ‘standard’ and ‘PET AC’ filter kernels. The ‘standard’ images are used for PET/CT fusion while the ‘PET AC’ images are used for attenuation correction. 3D PET data was acquired for 60 minutes and reconstructed with a fully-3D IR algorithm using 2 iterations, 32 subsets and a post-filter of 7 mm.The mean and standard deviation (noise) in the CT and PET images was measured using a region of interest that was 75% of the diameter of the phantom. The PET image data was measured in terms of standard uptake value (SUV). Results At any given level of mA the image noise decreased as the percentage of ASIR increased for both the ‘standard’ and ‘PET AC’ CT images. In addition, the mean HU value of the CT images was constant for all percentages of ASIR at a given mA. The SUV PET data does not show much change in the SUV value or standard deviation with a change in either the mA or the percentage of ASIR reconstruction. Conclusions Applying an increased percentage of ASIR reconstruction reduced the noise in the CT attenuation and CT fusion images while leaving the mean HU value unchanged. Moreover, applying different percentages of ASIR did not change the SUV values of the PET images.
Clinician recommendation of 12-step meeting attendance and discussion regarding disclosure of buprenorphine use among patients in office-based opioid treatment.

ABSTRACTBackground: Clinicians are encouraged to include 12-step meetings, such as Alcoholics or Narcotics Anonymous (AA/NA), as ancillary services for the treatment for opioid use disorders (OUDs), even though some of these groups may not fully accept individuals receiving buprenorphine. Little is known about whether clinicians actually discuss with patients the issue of disclosure of buprenorphine use at 12-step meetings. Methods: An anonymous survey was offered to patients enrolled in office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine to assess whether their clinicians recommended attendance at 12-step meetings and discussed the issue of disclosing their use of buprenorphine to other members. The patients' attendance at 12-step meetings was also assessed, as well as beliefs and prior experiences related to disclosure of buprenorphine use at 12-step meetings. Results: Thirty patients completed the survey. Twenty-one respondents (75.0%) indicated that they were encouraged to attend meetings, but only 9 (33...
Preconditioning the 2D Helmholtz equation with polarized traces

SUMMARY We present a domain decomposition solver for the 2D Helmholtz equation, with a special choice of integral transmission condition that involves polarizing the waves into oneway components. This refinement of the transmission condition is the key to combining local direct solves into an efficient iterative scheme, which can then be deployed in a highperformance computing environment. The method involves an expensive, but embarrassingly parallel precomputation of local Green’s functions, and a fast online computation of layer potentials in partitioned low-rank form. The online part has sequential complexity that scales sublinearly with respect to the number of volume unknowns, even in the high-frequency regime. The favorable complexity scaling continues to hold in the context of low-order finite difference schemes for standard community models such as BP and Marmousi2, where convergence occurs in 5 to 10 GMRES iterations.
Ferroelectric 1-T memory device—will it be viable for nonvolatile memory applications?

The quest for a nonvolatile memory FET based on the metal-ferroelectric-(insulator)-semiconductor (MF(I)S) gate stack concept has greatly intensified in recent years. In principle, such a memory device (MF(I)S) could be a building block of an ideal memory technology which offers random access, high speed, low power, high density and non-volatility. In practice, however, none of the reported ferroelectric memory transistors has achieved a memory retention time of more than a few days so far. These results are a far cry from the 10-year retention time requirement for non-volatile memory devices. This paper reveals progress and optimization that grain size, interfacial properties, and crystallinity of the annealed ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films have a strong impact on the size of the memory window, as does the choice of the buffer layer material. The properties of SiN buffer layer sandwiched between SBT and Si are discussed. Switches in the polarization of the ferroelectric SBT play a key role for both the ferroelectric-polarization-dominated and the trapping-dominated memory windows. Preliminary results on MFIS capacitors and transistors are reviewed, limited retention time has been observed. A closer look at the physics of device operation reveals two major causes of the short retention time: (1) depolarization fields; (2) finite gate leakage current and the associated charge trapping. Here, the origins of these problems are analyzed and practical difficulties in attempting to realize nonvolatile ferroelectric 1-T memory devices are illustrated. Two possible solutions have been proposed to circumvent problems associated with the finite retention time in ferroelectric FETtype memories: (1) memory refreshes as done in the FEDRAM cell, (2) single-crystallize the ferroelectric film.
Counselling psychology’s genotypic and phenotypic features across national boundaries

This article integrates the survey results presented in the introductory article of this journal issue as well as the articles describing counselling psychology in each of the countries covered in the issue to examine the international character of counselling psychology. Specifically, it addresses the similarities and differences in the histories, education and training, demographics, and practice characteristics of the specialty within and across these national boundaries. The article concludes with an analysis of the value dimensions describing the international character of counselling psychology and addresses where the different countries place themselves along the two dimensions that were identified: Dimension 1 capturing basic research as different from most of the other values, and Dimension 2 being defined by an applied client focus versus a more indirect clinical perspective (i.e. social justice and research adding to the knowledge base).
834Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Abscess: Clinical Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus and non-Staphylococcus aureus Infections

• Study design: Retrospective electronic medical record review • Study period: January 2009 to December 2012 • Patient recruitment: • 378 patients were identified by reviewing the diagnosis (ICD-9) code for spinal epidural abscess, discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis from electronic medical record at a single tertiary medical center. • Inclusion criteria: Adult patient with diagnosis of a spontaneous bacterial SEA based on radiographs and/or intraoperative findings. Description of “phlegmon” on imaging study was considered as suggestion of evolving abscess and these patients were included. • Exclusion criteria: Post spinal surgery infections, Pott’s disease and isolated discitis/osteomyelitis • Total of 88 patients met inclusion criteria. Methods
Evaluation of six computerized drug interaction screening programs

Six widely used computerized drug interaction screening programs were evaluated according to criteria developed by a panel of pharmacists. A panel of six pharmacists from various practice settings developed criteria that were used to evaluate six computerized drug interaction screening programs: Medicom Micro Plus, Medical Letter, S-O-A-P, Drug Interactions by Hansten, Drug Therapy Screening Systems (DTSS), and RxTriage. The criteria were that the programs be user friendly and efficient, provide guidance, and be relevant to the user's practice setting. Also, they should detect interactions, quickly alert the user, and guide the user to the appropriate action. The user should be able to set the level of clinical significance, screen only current drugs in a patient profile, and print out summaries. The panel selected nine known drug interactions to test the programs' knowledge bases. Only Medicom Micro Plus and DTSS detected all nine drug interactions; Medical Letter missed three. RxTriage and Drug Interactions received the highest ratings in user friendliness and efficiency, but both missed two interactions. RxTriage was rated most relevant to their practice by hospital and community pharmacists, and Drug Interactions was rated most relevant by faculty practitioners. S-O-A-P received low ratings overall. Of the six drug interaction screening programs evaluated, none was considered by the panel of pharmacists to be ideal.
Normal Education as Vocational Education: its Particularity

As a social profession, teaching has undergone various stages of development, either experiential,technical or profession. In terms of professional objects, purposes, contents and means, the profession of teachers has significant differences from other professions. From the current teachers "entrance", normal colleges is still the main force for teacher training. The particularity of teachers' profession means that normal education is a special kind of vocational education. The particularity of normal education should be observed in building a reasonable curriculum structure to reserve more talents for educational reform.
Energy indices and maintenance quality of water turbines

The relationship between the energy indices and maintenance quality of water turbines are discussed,and it is pointed out that to obtain the maximum energy efficiency of the water turbine generating unit,the maintenance management and quality should be enhanced.Through a case example,it is concluded that the energy characteristic of water turbines is one of the important indices to determine the maintenance quality of the water turbine generating unit.Every hydropower station should establish maintenance standards on the energy index drop and recover degree for the water turbine based on their actual situation,and the above work should be involved in standardized management.
The Role of Parenting Practices in the Home Environment among Underserved Youth

Abstract Background: The home environment, which includes parenting practices, is an important setting in which children develop their health behaviors. We examined the role of parenting practices in the home environment among underserved youth. Methods: We examined baseline data of a family-focused pediatric obesity intervention. Parenting practices (monitoring, discipline, limit setting of soda/snacks [SS] and screen media [SM], pressure to eat, and reinforcement) and availability of fruits/vegetables (FV) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), family meals, television (TV) watching during meals, TVs in the home, owning active video games/sports equipment, and household food security were assessed in 301 parent/caregivers of overweight/obese children (ages 7–12 years; BMI≥85th percentile). Associations were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Parents/caregivers (ages 22–67 years) were largely Hispanic/Latino ...
Enhanced IVUS: Advances Allowing Higher Resolution and Integrated Devices

Purpose of Review Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been in use for nearly 30 years and has greatly assisted in the evaluation and advancement of coronary interventional devices and strategy. With increasing interest in vulnerable plaque, new imaging tools and/or improved IVUS resolution is required. This chapter will describe these enhancements.
Variable Myocardial Response to Load Stresses in Infants with Single Left Ventricular Anatomy: Influence of Initial Physiology and Surgical Palliative Strategy.

Initial surgical strategies in neonates with single left ventricular (LV) anatomy vary based on adequacy of pulmonary and systemic blood flow. Differing myocardial responses to these strategies, as reflected in indices of systolic function, ventricular size, and mass have not been well defined. We sought to evaluate single LV myocardial response to varied physiology and initial palliation and determine whether the response is consistent and predictable. Infants with single LV physiology were divided based on neonatal palliation: no palliation/PA band (NO); BT shunt only (BT); or Norwood procedure (NP). Echo measures were obtained at presentation, early post-bidirectional Glenn (BDG), late post-BDG follow-up, and post-Fontan procedure. Measures included ejection fraction, LV mass indexed to height2.7 and end diastolic volume indexed to body surface area, and mass/volume ratio. The cohort included 38 children (13 NO, 13 BT, 12 NP). Ejection fraction was similar but depressed in all groups at all stages. LV mass was higher in the NP group than the BT group at early post-BDG (p = 0.03) and higher than both BT and NO groups (p < 0.01) at late post-BDG, but the difference was resolved by post-Fontan follow-up. The NP group had the most remarkable remodeling in LV size from BDG to Fontan, suggesting that volume unloading is most valuable in this subgroup. Ventricular remodeling can be identified by echocardiography in children with single LV physiology, despite variable initial surgical palliative strategies. Importantly, these initial surgical strategies do not result in significant differences after Fontan palliation during early childhood.
Building the Platform: Supporting a Sustainability Agenda and University-Community Relationships

Portland State University’s (PSU) faculty and students routinely put into practice the University’s motto, “Let knowledge serve the city”. This chapter presents the early efforts and the role PSU faculty, students, and administrators have played in local, state, national and international sustainability movements. Importantly, it reviews the pathway and reasoning behind the critical decisions to create a campus wide, cross cutting initiative integrating sustainability across the campus in academic programs, centers of community service, and PSU’s own footprint. Emphasis is placed on the diverse and innovative sustainability projects and processes across a variety of educational programs in order to document and disseminate best practices in multi-disciplinary community-engaged teaching and research with a focus on sustainability (cultural, social, economic and/or ecological).
In situ Spectroscopy Reveals that Microorganisms in Different Phyla Use Different Electron Transfer Biomolecules to Respire Aerobically on Soluble Iron.

Absorbance spectra were collected on twelve different live microorganisms, representing six phyla, as they respired aerobically on soluble iron at pH 1.5. A novel integrating cavity absorption meter was employed that permitted accurate absorbance measurements in turbid suspensions that scattered light. Illumination of each microorganism yielded a characteristic spectrum of electrochemically reduced colored prosthetic groups that gradually reoxidized when the limiting ferrous ions were depleted. A total of six different patterns of reduced-minus-oxdized difference spectra were observed. Three different spectra were obtained with members of the Gram-negative eubacteria. Acidithiobacillus, representing Proteobacteria, yielded a spectrum in which cytochromes a and c and a blue copper protein were all prominent. Acidihalobacter, also representing the Proteobacteria, yielded a spectrum in which both cytochrome b and a long-wavelength cytochrome a were clearly visible. Two species of Leptospirillum, representing the Nitrospirae, both yielded spectra that were dominated by an unusuall cytochrome with a reduced peak at 579 nm. Sulfobacillus and Alicyclobacillus, representing the Gram-positive Firmicutes, both yielded spectra dominated by a-type cytochromes. Acidimicrobium and Ferrimicrobium, representing the Gram-postitive Actinobacteria, also yielded spectra dominated by a-type cytochromes. Acidiplasma and Ferroplasma, representing the Euryarchaeota, both yielded spectra dominated by a ba3-type of cytochrome. Metallosphaera and Sulfolobus, representing the Crenarchaeota, both yielded spectra dominated by the same novel cytochrome as that observed in the Nitrospirae and a new, heretofore unrecognized redox-active prosthetic group with a reduced peak at around 485 nm. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that individual acidophilic microorganisms that respire aerobically on iron utilize one of at least six different types of electron transfer pathways that are characterized by different redox-active prosthetic groups. In situ absorbance spectroscopy is shown to be a useful complement to existing means of investigating the details of energy generation in intact microorganisms under physiological conditions.
TLR-9 Activated Lymphoma B Cells Induce Anti-Tumor Immunity in a Murine Model

Background: Tumor vaccines typically combine unique, tumor antigens with immune stimulants in an effort to elicit a tumor-specific immune response. In prior work we have described a vaccination maneuver that combines cytotoxic chemotherapy to release tumor antigens with intra-tumor injection of a Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand, CpG oligonucleotide (Li and Levy, J. Immunology, 2007). In this therapy, CpG can activate both host antigen presenting cells as well as the tumor itself. Stimulation of tumor B cells through TLR9 induces up-regulation of immune co-stimulatory molecules including CD80, CD86, and CD40 as well as increasing expression of MHC Class I and II. We have now developed an alternative vaccination approach in which B cell lymphoma tumor cells are stimulated with CpG ex vivo and administered as a whole-cell vaccine. Methods: A20 B cell lymphoma tumor cells were incubated with CpG for 72 hours, irradiated, and administered to naive Balb/C mice. The complete vaccination regimen included six doses of 1×10 6 cells administered daily at a sub-cutaneous (s.c.) site. Vaccine-induced immune responses were assessed by measuring IFN-γ expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in response to co-culture with A20 tumor cells. Tumor protection studies were conducted by challenging vaccinated mice with a lethal dose of 10×10 6 A20 tumor cells. Anti-tumor immunity generated by vaccination was also tested in adoptive cell transfer studies. Results: Sub-cutaneous vaccination with CpG-stimulated, whole-cell vaccine induces robust anti-tumor T cell immunity comparable to that induced by intra-tumor vaccination with CpG. This immunizing effect was dependent on tumor cell activation, since native tumor cells were less efficient at inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells participated in this response. Mice vaccinated with this regimen were protected against tumor challenge. Splenocytes from vaccine-primed donors were adoptively transferred into irradiated, syngeneic recipients. These ‘immunotransplanted’ recipients had even greater immune protection against tumor challenge than the directly vaccinated donor mice. Conclusions: We have developed a vaccination approach that takes advantage of the antigen presentation capability of malignant B cells. Vaccination with CpG-activated lymphoma cells induced anti-tumor immune responses that were further enhanced by adoptive transfer of immune cells into lymphodepleted recipients. These vaccine maneuvers are directly translatable into therapeutic, human clinical trials.
NADPH Oxidase and (-)-Epicatechin in the Modulation of Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance

Obesity and overweight are a major health concern worldwide. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Previous evidence suggests that excess liver oxidant production may lead to insulin resistance, being chronic NAPDH oxidase (NOX) activation proposed as a major underlying contributor. We recently observed that the flavanol-3ol (-)-epicatechin (EC) improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The aim of this study was to investigate, both in vivo (high fat (HF)-fed mice) and in vitro (palmitate-treated HepG2 cells), if EC capacity to improve hepatic insulin sensitivity in conditions of high fat accumulation is associated with its capacity to modulate NOX. EC dietary supplementation improved systemic and liver insulin sensitivity in HF-fed mice. EC acted inhibiting HF-mediated liver: i- NOX2 and NOX4 upregulation, ii-protein oxidation, and iii-the activation of the redox-sensitive JNK and IKK (negative regulators of the insulin pathway). In HepG2 cells, palmitate caused an impaired response to insulin in association with high NOX activity and subunit (NOX3, p22phox, p47phox) expression, high oxidant production and protein oxidation. EC, but not its metabolites (ECM), attenuated triglyceride cell accumulation, but both EC and ECM mitigated palmitate-mediated impairment of the insulin pathway. EC and ECM also attenuated palmitate-induced increased expression (mRNA and protein) of NOX3, but not that of p47phox and p22phox, inhibiting NOX activation and protein oxidative damage. The NOX inhibitors apocyanin and VAS also improved the insulin response in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, results support: i) a role of NOX in high fat consumption/obesity-associated insulin resistance, and ii) NOX as a target in the capacity of EC to improve insulin sensitivity in conditions of hepatic fat accumulation.
Thermal-aware management techniques for cyber-physical systems

Abstract The power density of processors has increased greatly over time. Since elevated temperatures greatly shorten the lifetime of semiconductor devices, thermal management has emerged as a key topic in the design and control of computational platforms. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive yet compact survey of thermal management in cyber-physical systems. Such systems are constrained by the need to meet hard deadlines; this distinguishes them from general-purpose systems and motivates distinctive resource-management approaches.
Chapter 77 Stereotactic adrenostriatal autografts for parkinsonism: rationale, techniques and observations

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the stereotactic adrenostriatal autografts for Parkinsonism. In the study described in the chapter, candidates were evaluated monthly for a minimum period of 6 months with recording of “on” functional ratings according to Hoehn and Yahr scale as well as the unified rating scale for Parkinson's disease (UPRS). Under general anesthesia, the patients' adrenal gland was removed via a retroperitoneal approach. Medications were given in the immediate postoperative period as clinically indicated. Surgical procedures were performed during the period 7/87 to 6/88. Adrenal harvesting was uneventful. However, considerable variability in the volume and consistency of medullary tissue was encountered and this was not age dependent. In one case, no graft was placed because of a combination of hemorrhage within the tissue and paucity of tissue. Stereotactic graft placement was uneventful with unilateral placement in five patients and bilateral placement in four patients. Total operative time averaged 3–4 hours. No unusual intra-operative events occurred.
Analyze NYC Transportation to Mitigate Speeding and Explore New Business Models Using Machine Learning

Many cities have been releasing their traffic data for companies to do the data analytics for business and other purposes. In this paper, we propose different classification models to analyze the places that most of vehicles speed and the places that most of vehicles visited in specific time range. The result of it can be helpful for the government allocating the police in the correct timing and places to catch vehicles speeding. In addition, by knowing the result of the major places that most of vehicles visited, it's helpful for gas companies to decide where they should build gas stations.
Alphaherpesvirus DNA replication

DNA replication in alphaherpesviruses has been the subject of study in bursts over the years. Interest in the subject depends not just on simple curiosity about this central feature of the viral growth cycle, but also because DNA replication is a potentially useful target for antiviral therapy, as has already been shown with agents such as acyclovir. The viral contributions to the mechanism of genome replication are quite well understood but we still are unable to duplicate the in vivo situation in an in vitro assay. Much of the recent interesting work involves the host cell’s contribution to the process, and this seems likely to remain a focus for the future.
Cardiometabolic risks associated with work-to-family conflict: findings from the Work Family Health Network

Objective: Work and family stressors may be associated with elevated cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: To assess the effects of work-to-family conflict (WTFC) on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, we examined 1524 extended care employees over 18 months and estimated multilevel linear models that accounted for the nested nature of the data.Results: WTFC was positively associated with BMI [β = 0.53, CI = (0.08, 0.98), p = .02 at baseline and β = 0.59, CI = (0.12, 1.04), p = .01 across the 18-month study period] and negatively with HDL cholesterol [β = −0.32, CI = (−0.57, −0.08), p = .01 across the 18-month study period]. The rate of change in BMI from baseline to 18 months increased with higher levels of WTFC as well (β = 0.08, CI = (0.03, 0.15), p = .0007). However, WTFC was not associated with other variables reflecting cardiometabolic risk, such as including blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin and cigarette smoking status.Conclusion: Findings suggest that BMI, which is linked...
NanoVelcro CTC purification systems for expressional analysis of circulating tumor cells from prostate cancer patients.

295Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are blood borne tumor cells shed from all present disease sites, including primary and metastatic tumors. Researchers have been exploring the use of CTCs to identify important transcriptomic features such as androgen receptor splicing variants in prostate cancer (PCa). Newer transcriptomic profiles such as the prostate cancer classification system (PCS) have been developed that may be useful clinically. Over the past decade, we have been developing the NanoVelcro CTC purification system which includes different stimuli-responsive strategies to capture and release viable CTCs with high efficiency and preserve intact RNA. The purified CTCs can then be subjected to transcriptomic analysis such as qPCR, ddPCR and NanoString’s nCounter system. In this study, we benchmarked the efficiency of these platforms for purification of CTCs from blood specimens and the feasibility for detection of PCa-related RNA signatures from purified CTCs. Methods: NanoVelcro CTC purific...
CALIBRATION OF MEDICAL ULTRASOUND EQUIPMENT: AN ANALOG vs. A DIGITAL APPROACH

The analog pressure-time waveform analyser and the computerized acoustic output acquisition system have been developed for calibration of diagnostic ultrasound machines. A description of both the analog and digital systems is given and their performance is evaluated. The advantages and fundamental limitations of the digital and analog systems are also discussed. While the properly designed analog system may constitute an alternative to the more expensive digital system, the latter offers better versatility and flexibility in updating measurement procedures, and storing and recalling data.
Abstract 19345: A Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Ligand With Reduced Heparin Binding Protects the Heart Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Presence of Heparin Co-Treatment

Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), a heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-binding growth factor, is a potent cardioprotective agent against myocardial infarction (MI). The impact of heparin, the standard of care for MI patients entering the emergency room, on cardioprotective effects of FGF1 is unknown, however. Hypothesis: The working hypothesis to be tested is that reduction of heparin-binding of FGF1 will enhance targeting to the heart and the cardioprotective efficacy of this newly engineered ligand. Methods: To address this, a rat model of MI was employed to compare the cardioprotective potentials of native FGF1 and an engineered FGF1 (FGF1 ΔHBS ) with reduced heparin-binding affinity when given at the onset of reperfusion in the absence or presence of heparin. Hemodynamic parameters were measured by intracardiac catheter. Infarct size was determined by TTC staining. Blood clotting, FGF receptor (FGFR) activation and signaling as well as FGF biodistribution were also evaluated. Results: Native FGF1 and FGF1 ΔHBS did not influence the anticoagulant property of heparin. Treatment with heparin alone or native FGF1 significantly reduced the infarct size compared to saline (46±9% heparin, 35±9% native FGF1 versus 58±5% saline; p ΔHBS markedly reduced infarct size (22±6%) compared to native FGF1 (p ΔHBS ). Heparin reduced the biodistribution of native FGF1, but not FGF1 ΔHBS , to the left ventricle. Finally, both native FGF1 and FGF1 ΔHBS bound and triggered FGFR1-induced downstream activation of ERK1/2 (p Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that modification of the heparin-binding region of FGF1 significantly improves the cardioprotective efficacy, even in the presence of heparin, identifying a novel FGF ligand available for therapeutic use in ischemic heart disease.
MICROSCOPY | Transmission Electron Microscopy

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by U.J. Potter, G. Love, volume 2, pp 1407–1418, © 1999, Elsevier Ltd.
Synthesis with Incomplete Informatio

In program synthesis, we transform a specification into a system that is guaranteed to satisfy the specification. When the system is open, then at each moment it reads input signals and writes output signals, which depend on the input signals and the history of the computation so far. The specification considers all possible input sequences. Thus, if the specification is linear, it should hold in every computation generated by the interaction, and if the specification is branching, it should hold in the tree that embodies all possible input sequences.
Distorted Capacity I: The Measure of the Impaired Will

Some people are inherently more patient and reflective than others. Impulsivity is, at its extreme, defined as action without forethought: an “implicitization” of behavior. It is an important, normal behavioral trait that can be measured by several powerful life history-based and laboratory tests. These access differences in human decision making that set the stage for many other behavioral differences and differences in life choices, although humans have a powerful ability to learn from the experiences of others.
Clinical factors associated with urinary tract cancers (UTCs) among Lynch syndrome (LS) patients (Pts).

1517Background: LS is the one of the most common inherited causes of cancer and predisposes to a wide variety of cancers. UTCs (kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder cancer) are collectively th...
An Edge-Focused Model for Distributed Streaming Data Applications

This paper presents techniques for the description and management of distributed streaming data applications. The proposed solution provides an abstract description language and operational graph model for supporting collections of autonomous components functioning as distributed systems. Using our approach, applications supporting millions of devices can be easily modeled using abstract configurations. Through our models applications can implemented and managed through socalled server-less application orchestration.
Effects of extended-release eprinomectin on productivity measures in cow-calf systems and subsequent feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of calves

The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of a single injection of extended-release eprinomectin on economically relevant production variables in beef cows and calves as well as subsequent feedlot health, performance and carcass traits of calves compared to a traditional, short-duration anthelmintic. Animals from 13 cooperator herds across 7 states were stratified within herd and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments; injectable doramectin (DOR) or injectable extended-release eprinomectin (EPR). There were no differences in pre-weaning cow or calf performance including weight, ADG, reproductive success, or weaning weight. Although EPR cows did have a lower incidence of pinkeye, there were no differences in pinkeye incidence of calves. Fecal samples collected at the start and end of the grazing season indicated a greater reduction in fecal egg counts (FEC) for EPR cows, however, FEC at each timepoint were well below threshold indicative of clinical parasitism. When evaluating feedlot performance, EPR calves tended to have lower incidence of morbidity, however there were no differences in growth performance. When evaluating carcass traits, calves treated with EPR during the pre-weaning phase had a greater marbling score and a greater average quality grade. While there were noted improvements for EPR calves during the feedlot phase including improved morbidity and quality grade, we believe that a lack of parasitic infection during the grazing season may have resulted in a lack of performance differences in this study.
Glandular Displacement Techniques

Oncoplastic techniques have been developed in recent years for the surgical management of breast cancer, allowing the resection of large volumes of breast tissue, while facilitating cosmesis and the avoidance of mastectomy. These techniques can be classified into two categories: simple and advanced. Simple oncoplastic techniques are generally used in the management of tumors, which require resection of < 25% of the total breast volume. These techniques involve primary closure of the breast defect using glandular displacement. This chapter will discuss the surgical anatomy of the breast and the various types of glandular displacement techniques.
Looking back to look ahead: a vision for soil denitrification research.

Denitrification plays a critical role in regulating ecosystem nutrient availability and anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N) production. Its importance has inspired an increasing number of studies, yet it remains the most poorly constrained term in terrestrial ecosystem N budgets. We censused the peer-reviewed soil denitrification literature (1975-2015) to identify opportunities for future studies to advance our understanding despite the inherent challenges in studying the process. We found that only one-third of studies reported estimates of both nitrous oxide (N2 O) and dinitrogen (N2 ) production fluxes, often the dominant end products of denitrification, while the majority of studies reported only net N2 O fluxes or denitrification potential. Of the 236 studies that measured complete denitrification to N2 , 49% used the acetylene inhibition method, 84% were conducted in the laboratory, 81% were performed on surface soils (0-20 cm depth), 75% were located in North America and Europe, and 78% performed treatment manipulations, mostly of N, carbon, or water. To improve understanding of soil denitrification, we recommend broadening access to technologies for new methodologies to measure soil N2 production rates, conducting more studies in the tropics and on subsoils, performing standardized experiments on unmanipulated soils, and using more precise terminology to refer to measured process rates (e.g., net N2 O flux or denitrification potential). To overcome the greater challenges in studying soil denitrification, we envision coordinated research efforts based on standard reporting of metadata for all soil denitrification studies, standard protocols for studies contributing to a Global Denitrification Research Network, and a global consortium of denitrification researchers to facilitate sharing ideas, resources, and to provide mentorship for researchers new to the field.
Results of primary THA using 36 mm femoral heads on first-generation highly cross-linked polyethylene in patients less than 60 years of age: Minimum 10-year follow-ups.

Purpose:Long-term results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) and metal femoral head with more than 10 years of follow-up have already been reported. Howe...
Beyond topography: addressing the functional impact of social skills training for students with autism

Students with autism spectrum disorder often require social supports to function well in a mainstream class setting. Researchers have demonstrated the effects of social skills training for students...
Growth Recovery Assay and FACS-based Population Sorting Following Territorial Exclusion in Proteus mirabilis .

Many bacteria take part in self recognition and kin discrimination behavior using contact-dependent effectors. Understanding the effects these effectors cause is important to explain bacterial community formation and population dynamics. Typically, kin discrimination effectors are toxins that kill target cells; their effect is therefore obvious and easily measurable. However, many self-recognition effectors, such as the Proteus mirabilis Ids system, are non-lethal and do not cause obvious physiological changes in target cells. Previously, experimental techniques to probe cells experiencing non-lethal kin recognition have been limited. Here we describe a technique to reliably isolate cells deemed self and non-self through Ids self-recognition for downstream phenotypic analysis. Liquid cultures of fluorescently labeled self-recognition mutants are mixed together and inoculated on swarm-permissive agar. Mixed swarms are harvested, and each strain is isolated through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The growth rate of each strain is measured on a plate reader. This protocol is adaptable for other bacterial species. We describe briefly how sorted particles can be used for other analyses such as RNA-Seq library preparation.
TCT-379 Percutaneous Transcatheter Aortic Valve Closure Successfully Treats Left Ventricular Assist Device-Associated Aortic Insufficiency and Improves Cardiac Hemodynamics

The increased use of continuous-flow LVADs in advanced heart failure has led to marked changes in the management of patients with this condition. However, secondary AI can become a significant complication. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a novel percutaneous method to treat left
Capital defense: inside the lives of America’s death penalty lawyers: by Jon B. Gould and Maya Pagni Barak, 2019. New York, NY: NYU Press, 304 pp., $35 (hard cover), ISBN: 978-1-4798-7375-3

In Capital Defense: Inside the Lives of America’s Death Penalty Lawyers, authors Jon B. Gould and Maya Pagni Barak employ a sociological framework to identify and explain the structure and culture ...