cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of nitrogen source on biosynthesis of rapamycin by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.

Six non-amino acid nitrogen compounds were examined as nitrogen source for growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and biosynthesis of rapamycin. Of the nitrogen sources studied, ammonium sulfate was the best with respect to formation of rapamycin, and supported cell growth comparable to the organic nitrogen sources used in the control chemically defined medium, ie, aspartate, arginine plus histidine. In the new chemically defined medium, which is buffered with 200 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid to prevent decline of pH during fermentation, an ammonium sulfate concentration of 40 mM was optimal for biosynthesis of rapamycin. Rapamycin production increased by more than 30% on both volumetric and specific bases as compared to the previous medium containing the three amino acids as nitrogen source.
The synthesis and properties of rare earth doped yttria and scandia for eye-safe single crystal and ceramic lasers

This paper discusses the hydrothermal synthesis of doped and undoped Sc2O3 single crystals as well as Y2O3 and Sc2O3 nanoparticles as high purity precursors to polycrystalline laser hosts.© (2008) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction: A Current Review

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/39-1-5251 Labor induction is often necessary because of maternal or fetal indlcatlons. When performed with an unripe cervix, it results in prolonged labor, potential medical compliations, and an increased rate of cesarean section. The purpose of cervicaI ripening and induction of labor is to achieve vaginal delivery and avoid operative delivery by cesarean section. In this revlew, we present cellular and biochemical events in cervical ripening and discuss the indications and contraindications of labor induction, and then describe various pharmacologic and mechanical methods for ripening the cervix and inducing labor.
The tongue and ear interface: a wearable system for silent speech recognition

We address the problem of performing silent speech recognition where vocalized audio is not available (e.g. due to a user's medical condition) or is highly noisy (e.g. during firefighting or combat). We describe our wearable system to capture tongue and jaw movements during silent speech. The system has two components: the Tongue Magnet Interface (TMI), which utilizes the 3-axis magnetometer aboard Google Glass to measure the movement of a small magnet glued to the user's tongue, and the Outer Ear Interface (OEI), which measures the deformation in the ear canal caused by jaw movements using proximity sensors embedded in a set of earmolds. We collected a data set of 1901 utterances of 11 distinct phrases silently mouthed by six able-bodied participants. Recognition relies on using hidden Markov model-based techniques to select one of the 11 phrases. We present encouraging results for user dependent recognition.
Analytic-Expansion Unrestricted Hartree-Fock Wave Function for the 5 D State of Fe

An accurate analytic-expansion unrestricted Hartree-Fock wave function is reported for the $^{5}D$ state of Fe. The computed values of the magnetic dipole hyperfine-interaction constants are compared with the experimental values obtained by Childs and Goodman and are in good agreement.
Hiatal hernia repair at the initial laparoscopic adjustable gastric band operation reduces the need for reoperation

Background Intractable reflux, either due to gastric prolapse or concentric pouch dilatation has been the most common indication for reoperation or band removal after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). We have previously found that a simple hiatal hernia repair (HHR) leads to remission of these symptoms minimizing the need for band removal. We have subsequently added crural repair/HHR at the initial operation, where indicated. In this study compare the rate of reoperation in patients who underwent LAGB alone, or with concurrent HHR.
Size Memory of Casein Colloid Particles

Summary Fractions of the casein colloid of fresh milk prepared by differential centrifugation, followed by dialysis of each fraction against sodium barbiturate buffer, have been shown by electrophoretic analysis to have the same ratio of α - to β -casein and, by ultracentrifugal analysis, one major component with a sedimentation (S) value of 5.5 × 10 −13 . Other components, present in lower concentrations, appear both in the electrophoretic and in the ultracentrifugal patterns. These sodium caseinate preparations, when redialyzed against skimmilk, became opaque and resembled milk. Ultracentrifugal analysis gives S values in the same range as in the original milk. Moreover, the fractions with the larger S values in milk have the larger S values in the reaggregated colloids, ranging from 100 to about 2,000 in the original milk and from 100 to about 400 in the reaggregated colloids.
An alternative representation of bisoliton model of high temperature superconductivity

Abstract Davydov has clearly described in detail in his bisoliton mechanism of high temperature superconductivity [Phys. Rep. 190 (1990) 191; Phys. Status Solidi B 146 (1988) 619; Phys. Status Solidi B 148 (1988) 305]. In this article, we propose another representative form of the bisoliton mechanism simply and clearly for the compound YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 by using Cu–O chain model.
Instrumentation architecture development for smart structures

Research into the development of smart structures and materials has begun to coalesce from a number of subfields into a distinct discipline of its own. A common philosophical framework for the field has yet to be achieved, however, due to the interdisciplinary nature of the activities involved. In this paper, an exploration of such a framework is carried out and related to the development of instrumentation architecture development for future smart structures.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Singing One's Way to Self-Regulation: The Role of Early Music and Movement Curricula and Private Speech

Research Findings: Although the role of language and private speech in the development of behavioral self-regulation has been studied, relations between behavioral self-regulation and children's experiences with other symbolic systems, such as music, have not yet been explored. Eighty-nine 3- and 4-year-old children (42 of whom had been enrolled in Kindermusik music and movement classes, and 47 demographically similar children who had not experienced structured early childhood music classes) completed a battery of laboratory self-regulation tasks and a selective attention task during which their private speech was reliably transcribed and categorized. Children currently enrolled in Kindermusik classes showed better self-regulation than those who were not currently enrolled (d = .41), and they also used more relevant private speech during the selective attention task (d = .57), a verbal strategy that was positively related to performance. Children exposed to the music program were also more likely to engag...
The effect of degree of upper arm flexion on shoulder-neck discomfort at the VDT

Two experiments investigated the effect of upper extremity posture on reported discomfort in the shoulder‐neck region. In Experiment 1, 12 participants worked in two postures that only differed in the position of the arms. The 7° posture” required 7° of upper arm flexion and a 90° upper arm‐forearm angle. The “30° posture” required 30° of upper arm flexion and a 90° upper arm‐forearm angle. Location and intensity of discomfort were reported every 5 min while participants performed a simple tracking task at the computer. Experiment 2 was identical to the first except participants worked in one of the postures for both work sessions. The 30° posture generally resulted in more frequent and intense reports of shoulder‐neck discomfort than the 7° posture. However, the 7° posture was not nearly as effective when it was assumed after the 30° posture. The implications of such carry over effects for VDT work in a seated posture are discussed.
Cochlear outer hair cell bending in an external electric field

We have used a high-resolution motion analysis system to reinvestigate shape changes in isolated guinea pig cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) evoked by low-frequency (2–3 Hz) external electric stimulation. This phenomenon of electromotility is presumed to result from voltage-dependent structural changes in the lateral plasma membrane of the OHC. In addition to well-known longitudinal movements, OHCs were found to display bending movements when the alternating external electric field gradients were oriented perpendicular to the cylindrical cell body. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the bending movement was found to be as large as 0.7 microm. The specific sulfhydryl reagents, p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonic acid, that suppress electrically evoked longitudinal OHCs movements, also inhibit the bending movements, indicating that these two movements share the same underlying mechanism. The OHC bending is likely to result from an electrical charge separation that produces depolarization of the lateral plasma membrane on one side of the cell and hyperpolarization on the other side. In the cochlea, OHC bending could produce radial distortions in the sensory epithelium and influence the micromechanics of the organ of Corti.
Steady-state photon statistics of a free-electron laser

The photon statistics of a free-electron laser at steady state are investigated in the classical regime under the assumption of small gain per pass. A Fokker-Planck--type equation is derived for the photon-number distribution. Strong-signal results are presented, together with analytical expressions for the photon-number fluctuations, and the results are compared to the ordinary laser. It is shown that the radiation is not in a Glauber coherent state, and that the intensity fluctuations are classical, i.e., independent of h.
Nuclear data sheets update for A = 218

Abstract The available nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A=218 is presented. Various decay and reaction data are evaluated and compared. Adopted data, levels, spin, parity and configuration assignments are given.
Sampling-based tree search with discrete abstractions for motion planning with dynamics and temporal logic

This paper presents an efficient approach for planning collision-free, dynamically-feasible, and low-cost motion trajectories that satisfy task specifications given as formulas in a temporal logic, namely Syntactically Co-Safe Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The planner is geared toward high-dimensional mobile robots with nonlinear dynamics operating in complex environments. The planner incorporates physics-based engines for accurate simulations of rigid-body dynamics. To obtain computational efficiency and generate low-cost solutions, the planner first imposes a discrete abstraction by combining an automaton representing the LTL formula with a workspace decomposition. The planner then uses the discrete abstraction to induce a partition of a sampling-based motion tree being expanded in the state space into equivalence classes. Each equivalence class captures the progress made toward achieving the temporal logic specifications. Heuristics defined over the abstraction are used to estimate the feasibility of expanding the motion tree from these equivalence classes and reaching an accepting automaton state. Costs are adjusted based on progress made, giving the planner the flexibility to make rapid progress while discovering new ways to expand the search. Comparisons to related work show statistically significant computational speedups and reduced solution costs.
Brevipalpus grandis; a new species of false spider mite (Acarina : Tenuipalpidae) on Grand Fir.

Descriptions are presented for the female, male, and deutonymph of a new species of mite in the genus Brevipalpus . The mite was found infesting the bark of grand fir ( Abies grandis ) near Corvallis, Oregon.
Horizontal angulation in maxillary cuspid roentgenography.

Abstract A better diagnostic roentgenogram of the upper cuspid will result if correct horizontal angulation is used. The prominent lingual cusp of the maxillary first premolar can be prevented from superimposing onto the distal aspect of the cuspid if the operator will direct the x-rays through the premolar-cuspid interproximal space.
Experimental Measurement of Mixing Lengths of Converging Particulate Flows in Microchannels

Laminar flow mixing remains an active area of research within the microfluidics community. Traditional mixing methods often rely upon turbulent flow for mixing which is generally not present on the micro-scale and so alternative approaches must be sought. In this work we investigate the potential for enhanced laminar mixing due to the addition of inert particles, of varying size and concentration, to converging flows of miscible fluids at a 3-way microchannel ‘Y’ junction. One inlet fluid is fluorescently-labeled to enable imaging of the converging fluid interface downstream of the junction. Using the techniques of fluorescent microscopic imaging and digital image analysis, the degree of mixing is quantified for varying flow states by the measurement of dye concentration (intensity) profiles at downstream locations. It is found that the addition of particulates to the flow does not noticeably enhance laminar mixing over that which would normally occur due to mass diffusion processes alone.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Investigation of copper-azamacrocyclic complexes by high-performance liquid chromatography

The use of copper radioisotopes in imaging and therapy has prompted an increased interest in chelators which form stable copper complexes, such as Cu(II)-azamacrocyclic complexes. The effects of charge, stability and the size of the macrocyclic backbone of the Cu(II)-azamacrocyclic complexes on biological behavior have been evaluated. Here we report a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to separate several Cu(II)-azamacrocyclic complexes, including Cu(II) complexes of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid (TETA), 4,11-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane (CB-TE2A) and 4,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazabicyclo[5.5.2]tetradecane (CB-DO2A). Absorbance at 280 nm was used to monitor the complexes as they eluted from the reversed-phase column. The effects of the concentration of the buffer, the pH of the buffered mobile phase and the concentration of the organic modifier, methanol, on the separation were investigated. Separation of these copper complexes by ion-pair HPLC with the use of a mass spectrometry-compatible ion-pair reagent, triethylammonium acetate, in the mobile phase at pH 6.3 is also presented. The reversed-phase chromatographic conditions utilized also allow the pK(a)s of Cu-TETA and the log(k'w) values of Cu-CB-TE2A, Cu-TETA and Cu-CB-DO2A to be estimated.
Disability, residential mobility, and changes in living arrangements.

The extent of mobility and changes in living arrangements associated with disability were studied using data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging for 1984-86. It was hypothesized that persons with significant limitations in their ability to perform normal daily activities (ADLs and IADLs) in 1984 would be more likely to move more likely to be living with others in 1986 and more likely to have entered an institution between 1984-86 than those without limitations. When only those variables which were measured in 1984 were used as predictors this turned out to be true for institutionalization and for living with others in 1986. However residential mobility showed little relationship to disability when other variables were controlled. When the change in disability between 1984 and 1986 was added to the prediction equation there were strong relationships between changes in disability and all 3 types of adjustment in living arrangements. However using changes in disability between 1984-86 requires assuming that these changes precede the move or change in living arrangements. (authors)
Historical Aspects of Laparoscopic Hernia Repair

The history of the surgical treatment of groin hernias is reviewed with emphasis on the events leading to the introduction and development of the management of these hernias by a laparoscopic appro...
Growth Factors in Ovarian Development

Folliculogenesis in the adult ovary proceeds from quiescent primordial follicles through several developmental stages that culminate in the release of oocytes for fertilization and terminal differentiation of follicles into corpora lutea. Multiple developmental pathways control growth of oocytes and differentiation of somatic cells of the follicle. Growth factors of the transforming growth factor beta family play prominent roles during follicle development. Recent studies have begun to examine the role of additional developmentally important growth factor families, such as the Hedgehog, Wnt, and Notch families. This review summarizes recent developments on these signaling pathways in the adult mammalian ovary.
Unsteady Modeling of Powdered Activated Carbon Deposition on Collection Electrode of a Lab-Scale Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)

Particulate sampling in the flue gas at the Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) outlet during injection of powdered activated carbons (PACs) has provided strong anecdotal evidence indicating that injected PACs can penetrate the ESP in significant concentrations. The low resistivity of PAC is consistent with poor collection efficiency in an ESP and lab-scale testing has revealed significantly different collection behavior of PAC in an ESP as compared to fly ash. The present study illustrates the use of a commercial CFD package — FLUENT — to investigate precipitation of powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the presence and absence of electric field. The computational domain is designed to represent a 2-D wire-plate ESP channel. The governing equations include those covering continuous phase transport, electric potential, air ionization, and particle charging. The particles are tracked using a Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM). In addition, a custom user-defined function (UDF) uses a deforming boundary condition and a prescribed critical particle velocity to account for particle deposition and dust-cake growth on the electrodes. The effect of Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) induced flow on the ESP collection efficiency under various flow and particle characteristics as well as different ESP configurations are illustrated.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Neutral Mixed Type Functional Differential Equations

We extend the existing Fredholm theory for mixed type functional differential equations developed by Mallet-Paret (J Dyn Differ Equ 11:1–47, 1999) to the case of implicitly defined mixed type functional differential equations. We present analogous results for the Fredholm alternative theorem, the cocycle property, and spectral flow property. In particular, we apply the theory to examples, one of which arises from modeling signal propagation in nerve fibers, and show the existence of traveling wave solutions via local continuation.
Odor intensities at cattle feedlots in nuisance litigation

Abstract Odor intensity was measured around two cattle feedlots to evaluate better their impact on surrounding residents. Odor measurements were made by multiple observers using a Scentometer. Observed odor intensities were reproducible. Within a feedlot, odor intensities up to 120 DT were measured. Downwind 1 km or more values of 3 DT or less were typical. Odor intensity measurements were useful as an objective description of downwind conditions under a variety of climatic conditions.
A functional integral approach to shock wave solutions of Euler equations with spherical symmetry

Forn×n systems of conservation laws in one dimension without source terms, the existence of global weak solutions was proved by Glimm [1]. Glimm constructed approximate solutions using a difference scheme by solving a class of Riemann problems. In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the Euler equations in the spherically symmetric case when the initial data are small perturbations of the trivial solution, i.e.,u≡0 and ρ≡constant, whereu is velocity and ρ is density. We show that this Cauchy problem can be reduced to an ideal nonlinear problem approximately. If we assume all the waves move at constant speeds in the ideal problem, by using Glimm's scheme and an integral approach to sum the contributions of the reflected waves that correspond to each path through the solution, we get uniform bounds on theL ∞ norm and total variational norm of the solutions for all time. The geometric effects of spherical symmetry leads to a non-integrable source term in the Euler equations. Correspondingly, we consider an infinite reflection problem and solve it by considering the cancellations between reflections of different orders in our ideal problem. Thus we view this as an analysis of the interaction effects at the quadratic level in a nonlinear model problem for the Euler equations. Although it is far more difficult to obtain estimates in the exact solutions of the Euler equations due to the problem of controlling the time at which the cancellations occur, we believe that this analysis of the wave behaviour will be the first step in solving the problem of existence of global weak solutions for the spherically symmetric Euler equations outside of fixed ball.
Attitude attribution when behavior is constrained

Abstract Five experiments were conducted in which subjects were asked to attribute attitudes to target persons on the basis of opinion statements written under high constraints, i.e., the target persons were instructed to prepare the statements but were given no choice concerning the position to be endorsed. In previous studies it had been observed that reader-subjects tended to attribute attitudes in line with the opinion statement even when the writer obviously had no choice. However, in these earlier studies the opinion endorsements were actually standardized statements prepared by the investigators and they may have contained subtle cues indicating attitude strength. In the present experiments the statements were those actually written by other subjects in response to no choice instructions. Even though the subjects as attributors were well aware of these instructions, and had complied to the same instructions as target persons, attitudes in line with expressed opinions were attributed. In the final experiment, constraints were strengthened even further by the provision of specific arguments that had to be included in the opinion statements. Here the “over attribution effect” finally fell below significance. With the exception of such extreme variants of constraint, the results provide further evidence that people tend to make dispositional attributions to “explain” behavior, underestimating the role of environmental constraints.
Joint Attention and Its Role in the Diagnostic Assessment of Children with Autism

In this article, we briefly discuss of the nature of joint attention, its measurement, and why this domain of behavior is so important for diagnosis and research with individuals with autism. Criteria in the current nosology related to the assessment of joint attention skills are reviewed. A brief review of the research on joint attention is then provided, and distinctions are drawn between the functional types of joint attention. The importance of joint attention for social and communication development is emphasized, and research on joint attention and autism is reviewed. Finally, recommendations are made for applying our knowledge of joint attention skill to assessment and intervention with children in the autism spectrum.
Investigating rater/prompt interactions in writing assessment: Quantitative and qualitative approaches

Abstract This study investigates how experienced and inexperienced raters score essays written by ESL students on two different prompts. The quantitative analysis using multi-faceted Rasch measurement, which provides measurements of rater severity and consistency, showed that the inexperienced raters were more severe than the experienced raters on one prompt but not on the other prompt, and that differences between the two groups of raters were eliminated following rater training. The qualitative analysis, which consisted of analysis of raters' think-aloud protocols while scoring essays, provided insights into reasons for these differences. Differences were related to the ease with which the scoring rubric could be applied to the two prompts and to differences in how the two groups of raters perceived the appropriateness of the prompts.
Atomization Chambers for Atomic Absorption Spectrochemical Analysis: A Review

Four types of atomization chambers for atomic absorption are reviewed. Advantages and dis-advantages of each are considered. The effects of chamber dimensions and sample introduction system are considered in relation to accuracy, sensitivity, and convenience. Relative sensitivity is more significant for real samples than absolute sensitivity. When peak heights are measured, the relative sensitivity is proportional to the atomizer chamber length. When peak area is measured, the relative sensitivity is proportional to the third power of the atomizer chamber length. Matrix materials in general affect the accuracy of determinations by changing the rate or time of atomization. Matrix effects are less serious with long tight tubes than they are for tubes with openings near the center.
Platinum, barium and platinum-barium catalysed gasification of graphite in steam and CO2

The concept of forming a bifunctional catalyst system for the gasification of carbon was investigated using controlled atmosphere electron microscopy. Platinum and barium were chosen as the catalyst components and their effect has been studied, both in separate and combined forms, on the gasification of graphite in steam and CO2. Platinum was found to operate in both systems primarily by the channelling mode but was not very active and was susceptible to deactivation at temperatures 900 °C in a steam environment. This deactivation phenomenon is believed to arise from carbon deposition or precipitation during the reaction. In contrast, previous studies have shown that barium is a relatively active catalyst for both these reactions and operates predominantly by the edge recession mode. The mixed platinum-barium catalyst only exhibited channelling activity, but the intrinsic rate indicated that it probably functions as a true bifunctional catalyst with barium increasing the oxygen reactivity, and platinum the carbon reactivity. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of multicomponent catalysts in which the components are selected by their ability to enhance the rate of one particular step in the reaction scheme.
Controls on the geochemistry of rare earth elements in sediments and groundwaters of the Aquia aquifer, Maryland, USA

Abstract Groundwater samples were collected along two flow paths from the Aquia aquifer in Maryland, USA to investigate the rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of the flow system as a function of evolving groundwater composition. Neodymium (Nd) concentrations of Aquia aquifer groundwater range from 56.6 to 71.4 pmol kg − 1 along the Eastern Shore flow path (i.e., Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay), and from 41.5 to 77.9 pmol kg − 1 on the Western Shore flow paths, and consequently fall within the range reported for other circumneutral to alkaline pH groundwaters. Shale-normalized REE patterns of Eastern and Western Shore Aquia groundwaters are similar (i.e., relatively flat) and do not vary substantially along either flow path. For example, (Yb/Nd) NASC for Aquia aquifer groundwaters exhibit a limited range between 0.7 and 1.1. Aquia aquifer sediments were analyzed for REEs following a sequential extraction procedure. Neodymium concentrations for the bulk aquifer sediment range from 26 to 70 μmol kg − 1 (3.7 to 10.1 ppm), or a factor of 2.5 to 7 lower than the Nd content of the upper continental crust. The sequential extractions reveal that the majority of the REEs in the aquifer sediments occur associated with the abundant carbonate shell fragments that are ubiquitous within the Aquia aquifer sediments. Furthermore, the sequential extraction data indicate that the light REEs (LREE) are more readily exchangeable (i.e., outer sphere surface complexed) on aquifer mineral surfaces than the heavy REEs (HREE), and the HREEs and middle REEs (MREE) exhibit a greater association with Fe/Mn oxides/oxyhydroxides within the sediments. Analysis of the abundant glauconite pellets within Aquia aquifer sediments indicates an overall enrichment in the HREEs relative to the LREEs for this mineral, compared to shale. Our data suggest that the chief source of REEs to Aquia aquifer groundwater is dissolution of carbonate biominerals (shell fragments) that occurs in the recharge zone and before groundwaters become saturated with respect to calcite and aragonite. Additionally, weakly sorbed REEs (outer sphere surface complexed) contribute LREEs and MREEs to Aquia aquifer groundwater as pH increases above 8, leading to the relatively flat, shale-normalized REE patterns that characterize Aquia aquifer groundwaters. Once released to the solution, REE form strong aqueous complexes with carbonate ions, LnCO 3 + and Ln(CO 3 ) 2 − , with the dicarbonato complexes (i.e., Ln(CO 3 ) 2 − ) predominating. The REE are subsequently transported with flowing groundwater in the Aquia aquifer as the negatively charged dicarbonato complexes exhibit a low affinity to sorb to negatively charged mineral surfaces in the aquifer sediments.
Glutathione-Mediated Delivery and Release Using Monolayer Protected Nanoparticle Carriers

We demonstrate here the effective delivery of a dye payload into cells using 2-nm core gold nanoparticles, with release occurring via place exchange of glutathione onto the particle surface. In vitro experiments demonstrate effective release of drug analogues upon addition of glutathione. Cell culture experiments show rapid uptake of nanoparticle and effective release of payload. The role of glutathione in the release process was demonstrated through improved payload release upon transient increase in glutathione levels achieved via introduction of glutathione ethyl ester into the cell.
Oral Proficiency Testing and the Language Curriculum: Two Experiments in Curricular Design for Conversation Courses

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An epidemiologic investigation of alcohol‐dependent schizophrenics

Most clinicians agree that alcoholism is frequent in schizophrenic patients. However, little is known about the clinical or familial characteristics of this group. We compared alcoholic schizophrenics and nonalcoholic schizophrenics with respect to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the rate of various psychiatric illnesses among their first-degree relatives. The only difference in the sociodemographic characteristics was a higher proportion of males among the alcoholic schizophrenics. Clinically, the alcoholic schizophrenics were more likely to report experiencing hallucinations, depressive episodes, manic episodes (females only) and multiple substance abuse (males only). In addition, the male alcoholic schizophrenics were younger at first hospitalization than the male nonalcoholic schizophrenics. This effect was reversed for females. The relatives of alcoholic schizophrenics were 2.6 times more likely to be alcoholic than the relatives of the nonalcoholic schizophrenics. The morbidity for other psychiatric disorders was similar in the two groups. Language: en
815 ABNORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSES TO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) ASSOCIATED WITH AN ILLNESS MIMICKING JUVENILE CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (JCML) IN TWO CHILDREN

815 ABNORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSES TO EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) ASSOCIATED WITH AN ILLNESS MIMICKING JUVENILE CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (JCML) IN TWO CHILDREN
Sex, Stereotypes, and Security: A Study of the Effects of Terrorist Threat on Assessments of Female Leadership

This project examines the extent to which terrorist threat shapes affect assessments of female political leadership and whether these assessments are affected by the characteristics of the evaluated leader. Using experimental and survey data, we find that conditions of terrorist threat increase the expression of certain gender-trait stereotypes and negatively affect evaluations of female Democratic leaders. Our analysis further suggests that Republican women and/or those with strong national security experience may be able to overcome the otherwise negative implications of security threats and gender-trait stereotypes.
Abstract P1-02-04: Array based resolution of HER2 amplification status in breast carcinomas displaying apparent chromosome 17 aneusomy

Background: Molecular inversion probe (MIP) arrays offer high-quality copy number and genotype data with whole-genome coverage and high resolution of cancer related genes. The MIP array assay is specifically designed for use with Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tissue due to its design which utilizes hybridization of short sequence inversion probes. In this study, we performed MIP array analysis on a cohort of breast carcinomas with putative chromosome 17 aneusomy identified by HER2/CEP17 dual probe FISH. We hypothesized that MIP array performed on cases with chromosome 17 aneusomy would allow HER2 amplification status resolution and provide additional clinically actionable data on genes with predictive and prognostic significance. Design: DNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (Qiagen,Valencia, CA) from invasive breast carcinomas following macrodisection. Breast carcinomas utilized in this study segregated into three groups: 1) Aneusomic 2) Monosomic, and 3) Eusomic cases as determined by FISH utilizing a centromere 17 reference probe (PathVysion; Abbott Molecular). Matched patient normal lymph nodes were performed for a subset of cases from each group. MIP-array data was collected using the Affymetrix OncoScan™ array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Analysis of array data was performed using Nexus software v6 (BioDiscovery, Inc., Hawthorne, CA). Result: Array-based detection of HER2 amplification in aneusomic breast carcinomas showed 100% concordance with single probe (HER2) FISH. However, based on genomic profiling, these cases showed great variability in regions of aneusomy along chromosome 17. In our aneusomic cohort, one region of chromosome 17 showed conserved eusomy status. This region was utilized for both array and FISH based ratio to resolve HER2 amplification status in 18 of 22 (82%) of cases. In addition to HER2 status resolution by MIP array, gains and losses in genes involved in modulating therapy were also identified, using this single assay. Conclusion: Use of MIP array-based genotyping as a single reflex assay in breast carcinomas with apparent chromosome 17 aneusomy resulted in HER2 amplification status resolution. In addition, use of this assay in our aneusomic cohort resulted in identification of a highly conserved region of chromosome 17 that is highly resistant to gains or losses in ploidy. The “D17S122” region was confirmed by FISH and use of a HER2/D17S122 ratio, allowed resolution of HER2 amplification status. In addition to HER2 status resolution and copy number data, MIP Array also provided comprehensive genomic coverage for analysis of non EGFR family genes potentially important for prognosis and therapy response prediction. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-02-04.
Environmental effects on the production of Shiga-like toxins by Escherichia coli O157:H7 as revealed by sandwiched immuno-chemiluminescence detection

We have developed a sandwiched immuno assay to detect sensitively Shiga-like toxins (SLTs) produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7. The method involved the capture of toxins by specific immuno magnetic beads followed by tagging the toxins with peroxidase-labeled anti E. coli O157:H7 antibody. Upon addition of proper substrate, peroxidase induced luminescence was used to measure the presence of SLTs. We have previously demonstrated that co-incubation of shiga toxin (SLT) producing E. coli O157:H7 with certain other bacteria can inhibit toxin production but does not affect the growth of the E. coli . We show here that media in which the cells have grown been centrifuged from (conditioned media) have similar effects on cell growth and SLT production. Adjusting the pH and adding nutrients to the conditioned media did not have any effect on the reduction of SLT produced. Bacteria communicate with each other via secreted sensing molecules. Several types of the molecules have been identified. However, the mechanisms of control remain to be established. This pattern for bacteria growth and toxin production is also observed when quorum-sensing molecules of homoserine lactone and indole are added to the media prior to inoculation.
Unusual structural features of tetrakis(.mu.-carboxylato)dirhodium(II), an antitumor agent, bound to azathioprine, a biologically active mercaptopurine derivative

We are investigating the chemistry of azathioprine (6-[1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl)thio]purine, AZA), a derivative of the anticancer agent 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). The considerable biological activity of AZA combined with its electronically and stereochemically versatile binding sites prompted us to investigate the X-ray crystal structure of the bis adduct [Rh 2 (OAc) 4 (AZA) 2 ].4DMAA.
Schizophrenia, gluten, and low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets: a case report and review of the literature

We report the unexpected resolution of longstanding schizophrenic symptoms after starting a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet. After a review of the literature, possible reasons for this include the metabolic consequences from the elimination of gluten from the diet, and the modulation of the disease of schizophrenia at the cellular level.
Lp nonuniform bounds for asymptotic normality of linear rank statistics

Abstract An Lp, 1 ⩽ p ⩽ ∞, nonuniform central limit order bound O (N − 1 2 ) for simple linear rank statistics is obtained. The theorem is proved for a wide class of scores including the van der Waerden scores and the Wilcoxon scores. It extends and improves some known results obtained in this direction.
A framework for strategic analysis

Abstract D.R. Ziemer and P.D. Maycock have been involved with the development and use of strategic analysis techniques at Texas Instruments for nearly a decade. Mr. Ziemer is manager of the Strategic Analysis branch and Mr. Maycock is a Senior Business Analyst in the branch. The activities of the branch, for the most part, support Corporate Development. The framework for strategic analysis is an attempt to summarize the entire range of activities involved in determining alternatives for the strategic allocation of resources. The methodology described can be viewed as an iterative analysis that produces alternative strategy candidates. The analysis techniques discussed are quite straightforward and easy to implement.
Sequence and Structure Requirements for Drosophila tRNA 5′- and 3′-End Processing

Eukaryotic tRNAs are processed at their 5′- and 3′-ends by the endonucleases RNase P and 3′-tRNase, respectively. We have prepared substrates for both enzymes, separated the activities from a Drosophila extract, and designed variant tRNAs to assess the effects of sequence and structure on processing. Mutations affect these reactions in similar ways; thus, RNase P and 3′-tRNase probably require similar substrate structures to maintain the catalytic fit. RNase P is more sensitive to substrate substitutions than 3′-tRNase. In three of the four stems, one substitution prevents both processing reactions while the opposite one has less effect; anticodon stem substitutions hardly affect processing, and double substitutions intended to restore base pairing also restore processing to the wild type rate. Structure probing suggests that tRNA misfolding sometimes coincides with reduced processing. In other cases, processing inhibition probably results from specific unfavorable stem appositions leading to local helix deformation. A single T loop substitution disrupts the tertiary D-T loop interaction and reduces processing. We have thus begun mapping tRNA processing determinants on the global, local, and tertiary structure levels.
A computer simulation of the elastic bulk effect in tungsten

A spherical tungsten crystallite was simulated mathematically to determine the effect of interstitials and vacancies upon the elastic bulk modulus. The crystallite consisted of a lattice region of 330 to 940 atoms which interacted via a two-body central potential. This region was then surrounded by an elastic continuum of various thickness. By introducing point defects into the lattice and applying various pressures to the outer surface of the crystallite, the change in the elastic bulk modulus, K, for vacancies and interstitials was determined. For isolated vacancies d ln K/ d gamma = --2.5 plus or minus 0.1, and for single interstitials in the <110) split configuration d ln K/dy = +1.4 plus or minus 0.1 where gamma is the atomic fraction defect concentration. Unless the shear modulus is much more sensitive to point defects, these results leave unexplained the large negative changes observed in Young' s modulus during irradiation of tungsten at low temperatures.
Endoscopic Techniques to Diagnose and Manage Biliary Tumors

Malignancies of the bile duct are often suspected in patients with abnormal serum hepatic enzyme levels and obstruction of the biliary system. Although cross-sectional imaging can provide evidence for biliary obstruction and a malignancy arising from the bile duct, a definitive diagnosis is often obtained through the use of endoscopic procedures. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the most commonly performed procedure for cholangiocarcinoma, can provide a tissue diagnosis through brush cytology of the bile duct. Relief from biliary obstruction can be provided with temporary plastic stenting or permanent metal stenting. Photodynamic therapy guided by ERCP may provide improved palliation from biliary obstruction in the future. Endoscopic ultrasonography complements the role of ERCP and may provide a tissue diagnosis through fine-needle aspiration and staging through ultrasound imaging. High-resolution ultrasound images can provide detailed information regarding the relationship between a mass and the bile duct wall. Despite these advances in endoscopic techniques and imaging of the bile duct, a tissue diagnosis often remains elusive in many patients. In the future, molecular markers will be employed to improve the sensitivity for the detection of malignancy in bile duct samples obtained through brushing, aspiration, and biopsy.
Egg of Toxorhynchites splendens described and compared with the egg of Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Diptera: Culicidae).

The egg of Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann) is described with the aid of scanning electron micrographs. The outer chorionic cells contain uniform complements of tubercles over the entire surface of the egg, except for a very small area surrounding the micropyle. Each cell contains a single large tubercle of constant diameter ($\bar x$, 10.6 µ m) surrounded by 6–11 ($\bar x$, 7.7) smaller tubercles of variable diameter ($\bar x$, 5.6 µ m; range, 2.1–9.3 µ m). The tubercle surfaces consist of narrow ridges, with separating clefts originating radially at the top of each tubercle and running longitudinally down the tubercle sides. The micropyle is surrounded by a collar of large (about 25 µ m long), fused tubercles, which almost invariably are folded together, concealing the micropylar opening. The egg of Tx. splendens differs from that of Tx. amboinensis in the following ways. The number of visible small tubercles surrounding the single large one in each outer chorionic cell is significantly greater in Tx. splendens ($\bar x$, 7.7 versus 6.3). Also, the number of ridges counted around the periphery of each large tubercle (viewed from above) is significantly greater in Tx. splendens ($\bar x$, 25.1 versus 21.3).
Quantitative Efficacy of Dietary Isoleucine and Valine for Chick Growth as Influenced by Variable Quantities of Excess Dietary Leucine

Abstract Six assays were conducted with young chicks fed a crystalline amino acid diet to ascertain the effect of excess dietary leucine on valine and isoleucine efficacy (capacity of valine and isoleucine to promote chick weight gains). Valine efficacy appeared to decrease curvilinearly with increasing levels of dietary leucine. Based upon a fitted quadratic regression equation, valine efficacy reached a minimum value of 74% of normal at 5.57% excess dietary leucine. In contrast to valine, pooled results from three assays involving isoleucine deficiency indicated that isoleucine efficacy decreased linearly to about 80% of normal when 3% excess dietary leucine was fed.
Hydrogen sulfide to the rescue in obstructive kidney injury

Hydrogen sulfide is a gasotransmitter with far-reaching effects on cell function. Studies show that, depending on the context, hydrogen sulfide can function as an ameliorative agent or as a mediator of kidney injury.
Ellipsometry of anisotropic surfaces

The behavior of a uniaxial anisotropic surface with an optic axis in the plane of the surface when examined by ellipsometry is presented. A method of calculation of the reflection properties of the surface and the null settings of the polarizer and analyzer for a conventional ellipsometer is described and shown to apply to experimentally measured surfaces. The measured values of the null settings are determined as a function of angle of rotation about a normal to the sample surface. The measured parameters are shown to give results that would be in error if the surface were assumed to be isotropic.
Lattice Constants of Graphite at Low Temperatures

The lattice constants of a graphite single crystal, natural graphite powder, and artificial graphite powder have been measured at 297\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The $a$-spacing does not change in this temperature range within the error of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005 A. The material with the greatest $c$-spacing showed between 297\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} the greatest change of $c$-spacing and the smallest change below 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The $c$-spacing of the artificial powder did not return to its original value at 297\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} after a thermal cycle, demonstrating irreversible deformation.