cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical stability of epoxy functionalizations of graphene: A density functional theory study

Density functional theory and statistical calculations are combined to address the chemical stability and structure of epoxy functionalizations of single-layer graphene. Our computations show that at oxidation levels of O:C<0.5, the Gibbs free energy of formation per epoxide amounts to about 0.6 eV, and the structure of the epoxy functionalizations presents local order and long-range disorder. The positive energy value indicates that in air at p=1 bar and room temperature, epoxy functionalizations of graphene are unstable and prone to spontaneous reduction. Our calculations show also that formation and release of O2 is a slow process whose kinetics is controlled by large energy barriers, the formation of very stable intermediate species, and unlikely electronic transitions.
On the Aliasing and Resolving Power of Sea Level Low-Pass Filtered onto a Regular Grid from Along-Track Altimeter Data of Uncoordinated Satellites: The Smoothing Strategy

Abstract It is shown that smoothing (low-pass filtering) along-track altimeter data of uncoordinated satellites onto a regular space–time grid helps reduce the overall energy level of the aliasing from the aliasing levels of the individual satellites. The rough rule of thumb is that combining N satellites reduces the energy of the overall aliasing to 1/N of the average aliasing level of the N satellites. Assuming the aliasing levels of these satellites are roughly of the same order of magnitude (i.e., assuming that no special signal spectral content significantly favors one satellite over others at certain locations), combining data from uncoordinated satellites is clearly the right strategy. Moreover, contrary to the case of coordinated satellites, this reduction of aliasing is not achieved by the enhancement of the overall resolving power. In fact (by the strict definition of the resolving power as the largest bandwidths within which a band-limited signal remains free of aliasing), the resolving power i...
Exploring the diversity of multimedia systems

We evaluate the validity of the fundamental assumption behind application-specific programmable processors: that applications differ from each other in key parameters which are exploitable, such as the available instruction-level parallelism (ILP), demand on various hardware resources, and the desired mix of function units. Following the tradition of the CAD community, we develop an accurate chip area estimate and a set of aggressive hardware optimization algorithms. We follow the tradition of the architecture community by using comprehensive real-life benchmarks and production quality tools. This combination enables us to build a unique framework for system-level synthesis and to gain valuable insights about design and use of application-specific programmable processors for modern applications. We explore the application-specific programmable processor (ASSP) design space to understand the relationship between performance and area. The architecture model we used is the Hewlett Packard PA-RISC with single level caches. The system, including all memory and bus latencies, is simulated and no other specialized ALU or memory structures are being used. The experimental results reveal a number of important characteristics of the ASSP design space. For example, we found that in most cases a single programmable architecture performs similarly to a set of architectures that are tuned to individual application. A notable exception is highly cost sensitive designs, which we observe need a small number of specialized architectures that require smaller areas. Also, it is clear that there is enough parallelism in the typical media and communication applications to justify use of high number of function units. We found that the framework introduced in this paper can be very valuable in making early design decisions such as area and architectural configuration tradeoff, cache and issue width tradeoff under area constraint, and the number of branch units and issue width.
War and State Formation in Ancient China and Early Modern Europe: The Dynamics of International Politics in Ancient China

Kenneth Waltz expects “substantive and stylistic characteristics” in ancient China to be similar to those in early modern Europe. He is correct. The Eurocentric logic of balancing – which encompasses the mechanisms of balance of power and rising costs of expansion – was predominant from the onset of system formation in 656 bc to the turn of the third century bc . For more than three centuries, attempts at domination were made and checked, ambitious hegemons rose and fell, balancing as a foreign policy was pursued, and balances as roughly equal distribution of relative capabilities occurred at various times. The length of this period of sustained stability was comparable to the whole span of the early modern period. However, from the midfourth century bc on, the Warring States system became increasingly unstable. States one after another intensified their pursuit of the logic of domination – self-strengthening reforms, divide-and-conquer strategies, and cunning and brutish stratagems. Most notably, the state of Qin developed the capacity for direct rule and moved toward total mobilization for war. Qin also shrewdly complemented its increased relative capability with ruthless strategies and stratagems on both the diplomatic and military fronts. From 356 to the third century bc , Qin gradually rose from relative weakness to hegemony and then to domination. Qin eventually achieved universal domination in the ancient Chinese world in 221 bc .
The health-related concerns of older prisoners: implications for policy

This paper examines the sociodemographic characteristics, health condition, and problems in the activities of daily living of two groups of older Texas state prisoners. The research group, assigned to a geriatric facility, were primarily Anglos who had committed violent crime. Few admitted to having a drinking problem but most admitted to a daily smoking habit. Most rated their current health condition as fair or poor; many used special equipment to aid their movement and breathing. Their self-rated health condition was worse than that of a comparison group of older inmates drawn from the general population of the prison. Inmates and health-care providers agreed that separate facilities for older prisoners are desirable. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for prison management and future policy.
Photocapacitance Studies Of Light Induced Changes in the Density of Gap States of N-Type Doped and Undoped Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films

We have studied the photoinduced changes of the conduction bandtail states and dangling bond defects in a series of n-type doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon samples of different doping levels, using the techniques of drive level capacitance profiling and voltage pulse transient photocapacitance. Each film was examined in a series of partially annealed states of progressively higher anneal temperature following light soaking. A general decrease in the number of dangling bonds and an increase in the number of occupied bandtail states was observed with increasing anneal temperature. The observed changes are discussed with respect to previously proposed defect reactions for photoinduced changes in n-type doped films, and we conclude that none of them can explain the observed changes in the lower doped film. Second, we discuss the application of transient voltage pulse photocapacitance and transient junction photocurrent to the study of the energy distribution and trapping properties of the photoinduced dangling bond defects in undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon. We observe that the hole capture cross section of the photoinduced deep defects is larger by a factor of 3.3 compared to that of the intrinsic deep defects.
Functional predictions from inference and observation in sequence-based inflammatory bowel disease research

Meta-omics approaches such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteogenomics have the potential to improve our understanding of how the human microbiome affects digestive health and disease.
Regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning (REDCAP)

Regionalization is to divide a large set of spatial objects into a number of spatially contiguous regions while optimizing an objective function, which is normally a homogeneity (or heterogeneity) measure of the derived regions. This research proposes and evaluates a family of six hierarchical regionalization methods. The six methods are based on three agglomerative clustering approaches, including the single linkage, average linkage (ALK), and the complete linkage (CLK), each of which is constrained with spatial contiguity in two different ways (i.e. the first-order constraining and the full-order constraining). It is discovered that both the Full-Order-CLK and the Full-Order-ALK methods significantly outperform existing methods across four quality evaluations: the total heterogeneity, region size balance, internal variation, and the preservation of data distribution. Moreover, the proposed algorithms are efficient and can find the solution in O(n 2log n) time. With such data scalability, for the first time it is possible to effectively regionalize large data sets that have 10 000 or more spatial objects. A detailed comparison and evaluation of the six methods are carried out with the 2004 US presidential election data.
Matthew Boulton: Enterprising Industrialist of the Enlightenment. Edited by Kenneth Quickenden, Sally Baggott, and Malcolm Dick. (Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2013. Pp. xviii, 294. $129.95.)

This volume contains sixteen papers from a conference held in Birmingham, England, in 2009 to commemorate the bicentennial of the death of Matthew Boulton [1724–1809], the notable English industria...
Defect-Oriented Testing of RF Circuits

Radio-frequency (RF) test cost is soaring due to the increasing complexity of RF devices. Radically new test approaches that enable test time reduction while ensuring product quality are needed to reduce the overall product cost. In this paper, we present a test development methodology for RF circuits based on novel parametric, open-circuit, and short-circuit defect models. We inject parametric defects as deviations in physical circuit parameters, such as resistances, transistor widths, and lengths, and inject open- and short-circuit defects into the critical locations that are derived from the layout using inductive fault analysis. Despite fault injection, we consider a circuit unacceptable only if it violates any one of the performance specifications. Our test development method aims at reducing not only the number of measurements but also the overall test hardware cost by incorporating the relative setup cost of each measurement into our selection criteria. Experimental results on an RF front-end device show that our test methodology reduces the test time by 50% and the number of test setups by 17% while identifying all unacceptable circuit instances with a 99% failure coverage without any yield loss.
Layered decoding of nonbinary LDPC codes suitable for high-speed optical communications

We propose using layered update rule in decoding nonbinary LDPC codes. Only 10–15 iterations suffice for good performance. Also, for the same BER performance, it increases throughput by twofold compared to conventional flooding update rule.
Geometrically asymmetric electrodes for probing electrochemical reaction kinetics: a case study of hydrogen at the Pt–CsH2PO4 interface

Electrochemical reactions can exhibit considerable asymmetry, with the polarization behavior of oxidation at a given metal|electrolyte interface differing substantially from that of reduction. The reference-less, microcontact electrode geometry, in which the electrode overpotentials are geometrically constrained to the working electrode (by limiting its area) is experimentally convenient, particularly for fuel cell studies, because the results do not rely on accurate placement of a reference electrode nor must oxidant and reductant gases be sealed off from one another. Here, the conditions under which the critical assumption of this geometry applies—that the overpotential at the large-area counter electrode can be ignored—is numerically assessed. It is found that, for cells of sufficiently large area, the effective radius of the counter electrode (which defines the area through which the majority of the current passes) can be expressed directly as a function of electrolyte thickness and the materials properties, σ, the conductivity of the electrolyte, and k, the reaction rate constant for the electrochemical reaction at zero-bias. From this effective radius and the true radius of the working electrode, the fraction of electrode overpotential at the latter, defined as the extent of isolation, can be readily computed. Experimental studies of hydrogen electro-oxidation/proton electro-reduction at the Pt|CsH2PO4 interface using two cells of differing dimensions both validate the computational results and demonstrate that asymmetry in such reactions are readily revealed in the micro-electrode, reference-less geometry. The study furthermore confirms the insensitivity of the results to the precise placement of the working electrode, while indicating the importance of very high isolation values (>99%) to ensure that overpotential contributions of the counter electrode do not influence the measurements, particularly as bias is increased.
The impact of unstable angina guidelines in the triage of emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome.

Objective. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether implementing the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) Unstable Angina Practice Guideline improves emergency physicians' decision making in patients with symptoms of possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including those for whom the diagnosis of unstable angina is uncertain. Methods. The authors conducted a prospective guideline implementation trial with pre-post design in the emergency departments of 1 university hospital and 1 university-affiliated community teaching hospital from January 2000 to May 2001. They enrolled 1140 adults who presented with chest pain or other symptoms of possible ACS. The intervention included the following: 1) physician training in use of the AHCPR risk groups, 2) algorithm for risk stratification, and 3) group feedback. To determine how accurately physicians interpreted the guideline algorithm, the authors compared their risk ratings with actual guideline risk groups. Results. No significant difference in physician triage decisions was observed between baseline and intervention periods. Analysis of physicians' risk ratings during the intervention period revealed low overall concordance with actual guideline risk groups (kappa = 0.31); however, physicians' risk ratings showed superior discrimination in identifying patients with confirmed ACS (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area .81 v..74, P = 0.008). Strict adherence to guideline recommendations would have resulted in hospitalizing 9% more non-ACS patients without lowering the rate of missed ACS. Conclusion. Implementation of the AHCPR guideline did not improve triage decisions in emergency department patients with possible ACS. Assessing physician triage solely based on concordance with the AHCPR guideline may not accurately reflect the quality of patient care.
Optical properties of CdTe/(Cd, Mn)Te multiple quantum wells

A review is given of optical properties of the new II-VI strained layer superlattice based on the CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te heterostructure. Emphasis is given to excitonic phenomena and their contribution to the present but early understanding of electronic characteristics of multiple quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The CdTe/ (Cd, Mn)Te system has a number of unique features including its magneto-optical properties, rather weak confinement of hole states, possibility of growth in two different crystalline orientations, and strong influence of interface states.
Collagenous gastritis, a new spectrum of disease in pediatric patients: two case reports

Collagenous gastritis is a rare gastrointestinal disorder characterized in pediatrics by abdominal pain and anemia. The literature divides collagenous gastritis into distinct pediatric-onset and adult-onset phenotypes. As opposed to pediatric form, the adult form is associated with collagenous colitis and presents clinically with voluminous non-bloody diarrhea. There are over 25 case reports of collagenous gastritis of which 10 are pediatric cases. We present two cases of pediatric onset collagenous gastritis: one with a classic pediatric presentation, the other with findings typical of adult-onset disease. This is the first report of the adult-onset phenotype collagenous gastritis in a pediatric patient.
The design of an autonomous vehicle for the disabled

The first steps in the design and construction of an autonomous vehicle for the physically and sensory disabled are described. The vehicle is basically a self-navigating wheelchair, which is designed to transport a person to a desired room within an office building given only the destination room number. The wheelchair has been equipped with an on-board microcomputer, a digital camera, and a scanning ultrasonic rangefinder. The goal of the project is to develop a vehicle that can operate without human intervention within a crowded environment with little or no impact on the building or its inhabitants. An overview of the project objectives and a detailed description of the components that are currently working are presented.
ÉTICA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN INTERNACIONAL: EL PROBLEMA DE LA JUSTICIA HACIA LOS PAÍSES MENOS DESARROLLADOS

Resumen es: En el presente, para proteger a las poblaciones de los paises en desarrollo del peligro de explotacion por patrocinadores de investigacion internaciona...
Status of the USA cotton germplasm collection and crop vulnerability

The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) is a cooperative effort among State, Federal and Private organizations aimed at preserving one of agriculture’s greatest assets: plant genetic diversity. The NPGS serves the scientific community by collecting, storing, and distributing germplasm as well as maintaining a searchable database of trait descriptors. Serving the NPGS, a Crop Germplasm Committee (CGC) is elected for each crop and is comprised of a group of scientists concerned with development, maintenance, characterization, and utilization of germplasm collections. Each CGC serves in an advisory role and provides a status report every seven years to determine scientific efforts, adequacy of germplasm base representation, and progress in breeding through utilization of germplasm. In addition, each committee can call attention to areas of concerns regarding facilities and staffing associated with the maintenance, collection, and taxonomic activities for a specific crop within the system. The following report was developed by the CGC for cotton and provides a record of collections, activities, concerns, crop vulnerabilities, and recommendations associated with the cotton collection for the period 1997–2005. Information provided within this document is a much expanded and detailed description of a report provided to the NPGS and includes the most exhaustive citation of germplasm depositions and research activity descriptions available anywhere in the USA for this time period. This documentation will be a valuable resource to breeders, geneticists, and taxonomists with an interest in this important food and fiber crop.
Are Agricultural Production and Forest Conservation Compatible? Agricultural Diversity, Agricultural Incomes and Primary Forest Cover Among Small Farm Colonists in the Amazon

Abstract This paper presents an empirical analysis that addresses recent work seeking “win–win–win” scenarios for economic development, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability. I focus on arguments for “productive conservation” in forest frontier regions, namely raising rural incomes while conserving the forest resource base. The analysis examines the impacts of agricultural product and income diversity on agricultural incomes and primary forest cover. The findings show that net of other factors, more diversified farms have higher agricultural incomes, but not significantly less forest cover. This finding is consistent with recent work in other study sites and suggests that initiatives promoting agricultural diversity can at least partially compatibilize production and conservation.
Stereocaulon nivale, comb. nov., Yet Another Crustose Species in the Genus

Bacidia nivalis, known only from the Pacific Northwest of North America, is transferred to Stereocaulon as S. nivale. This is the first report of a crustose species of Stereocaulon from North America.
Mindfulness as a General Ingredient of Successful Psychotherapy

In this chapter I present a psychological conceptualization of mindfulness based on constructs in common therapeutic parlance. Taking a functional approach based on the skills and recognitions patients gain from the exercises commonly used in mindfulness training and avoiding exotic and cryptic language, it makes apparent both the commonality mindfulness has with modalities therapists will be already using in their clinical practice and the ways in which it may add something new and therapeutically useful. It also describes the evolutionary pressures that have shaped the biological imperatives driving the default movements of attention that result in day-to-day experience being experienced as less than pleasant; defaults that result in both the need for, and the challenge of cultivating mindfulness. So, while the instructions and narrative within which these principles are introduced into therapy will need to be adapted to the patient’s background and circumstances, an understanding and grounding in the principles enables the therapist both to skillfully make these adaptations to the training exercises and to make them immediately sensible to the patient, including the challenges they will meet in getting started.
Use of palonosetron 0.25 mg IV daily and incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT)

16510 Background: Preparative regimens for BMT are associated with a high incidence of nausea and vomiting, which can negatively affect quality of life. It is important to evaluate the incidence of...
Beobachtungen über Präcipitinreaktionen mit Azoalbumosen

Nach der Injektion von Azoalbumosen entstanden bei Kaninchen Pracipitine, die auf Azohetero- und Azoprotoalbumosen einwirkten, aber diese zwei Praparate nicht differenzierten. Spezifische Unterschiede liesen sich zwischen den aus verschiedenen Proteinen bereiteten Azoalbumosen nachweisen.
The Mechanism of Modifier Action in GR-S Polymerization. II

Abstract The chain transfer theory of modifier action has been tested on commercial GR-S by means of molecular weight and sulfur content determination. The number of sulfur atoms per molecule was found to range between 0.7 and 1.1, to be compared to the theoretical value of unity. In view of the experimental difficulties involved, the results are considered to be in good agreement with the theory.
National Research Council of Canada's Falcon 20 microgravity aircraft data acquisition system

The National Research Council (NRC) of Canada operates a specially modified Falcon 20 aircraft as a microgravity research facility. The aircraft is undergoing further development to permit longer periods of microgravity per flight hour and to upgrade the data acquisition system. The intent of the modifications to the data acquisition system is to provide a more flexible system for integrating guest data systems as well as greater flexibility in data display and recording. .
When Do Orthogonal Families of Curves Possess a Complex Potential

(1992). When Do Orthogonal Families of Curves Possess a Complex Potential? Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 226-235.
Complete fusion of 19 F with Al and Si isotopes

Complete fusion cross sections have been determined by directly detecting evaporation residuals for the systems $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{28,30}\mathrm{Si}$ over a $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ laboratory energy range 34-75 MeV. In all cases ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{fus}}$ increases smoothly with energy and eventually saturates at 1200-1250 mb. In the barrier penetration region the cross section for $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ is always sufficiently smaller than that for $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$ to make the reduced barrier radius in a Glas-Mosel parametrization significantly smaller for the former system than for the latter. Three entrance channels are now available for the fused-system $^{46}\mathrm{Ti}$: Critical angular momentum data from the $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ + $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$ entrance channel approach the statistical yrast line at much lower fused-system excitation energy than do the data from the entrance channels $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ + $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Measured complete fusion cross sections for the systems $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ + $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$; $E=34\ensuremath{-}75$ MeV. Deduced Glas-Mosel model and statistical yrast model parameters.
Un actor transatl??ntico: Jorge Perugorr??

"Jorge Perugorria es hoy por hoy el actor mas sobresaliente del cine cubano. Su nombre esta ligado a numerosas peliculas hechas en la Isla, a las ordenes de Gutierrez Alea, Humberto Solas, Juan Carlos Tabio, etc., como Fresa y chocolate, Guantanamera, Lista de espera, Miel para Oshun, Barrio Cuba o El cuerno de la abundancia y tambien a producciones espanolas como Dile a Laura que la quiero, Un asunto privado, Cachito, Bambola, Cosas que deje en La Habana, Volaverunt, Rencor, Tanger, Reinas, asi como coproducciones de gran calado como las dos que recientemente cuentan la trayectoria vital de Che Guevara, en las que obtiene un papel protagonico junto a Benicio del Toro..."
Study on Resistance of Musca domestica to Insecticides in Changsha

Objective To investigate the resistance of Musca domestica to pesticides in urban areas of Changsha in 2010. Method Dropping method was used in this study. Results The LD50 of five kinds of pesticides was deltamethrin 0.0262,cypermethrin 0.3189,permethrin 0.1490,DDVP 0.2320,and cypermethrin 0.1506,respectively. Conclusions Compared with the year 2003,the resistance of Musca domestica to the five insecticides showed an overall upward trend,but the resistance was in a state of relatively smooth fluctuation when it increased to a certain extent.
Study of the effect of reactor scale on fluidization hydrodynamics using fine-grid CFD simulations based on the two-fluid model

Abstract Reliable scale-up of fluidized beds is essential to ensure that analysis and performance optimization at lab-scale can be applied to commercial scales. However, scaling fluidized beds for dynamic similarity continues to be challenging because flow hydrodynamics at lab-scale are largely influenced by bed geometry making extrapolation of conclusions to large-scales infeasible. Therefore, this study is focused on analyzing the effect of bed geometry on the fluidization hydrodynamics using large-scale CFD simulations. The two fluid model (TFM) is employed to describe the solids motion efficiently and simulations are conducted for fluidization of 1150 μm LLDPE and 500 μm glass beads in beds of different sizes (diameter D = 15–70 cm and initial bed height H0 = 10–75 cm). The hydrodynamics are subsequently investigated qualitatively using time-resolved visualizations, bubble centroid and solids velocity maps as well as quantitatively using detailed bubble statistics and solids circulation metrics. It is shown that as the bed diameter is increased, average bubble sizes decrease although similar-sized bubbles rise faster because of lower wall resistance, both factors contributing to faster solids circulation. On the other hand, fluidization hydrodynamics in 50 cm diameter bed are relatively insensitive to the choice of H0 and similarities in solids circulation patterns are observed in shallow beds as well as in the lower regions of deep beds. Finally, it is shown that the size and spatial-distribution of bubbles is crucial for maintaining dynamic similarity of bubbling beds. Specifically, the bed dimensions (D, H0) must ensure that (a) bubbles are typically much smaller than the bed diameter and (b) solids circulation patterns are similar across scales of interest. Overall, insights from this study can be used for describing the gas distribution and solids motion more accurately for better design of commercial beds.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and individual criteria in college students.

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is present in young adults and because coronary heart disease (CHD) is likely, screening to determine MetS prevalence and its criteria is critical. Objective: To determine MetS prevalence and most prevalent criteria in a sample of first-year college students. Participants: First-year college students between 18 and 24 years of age (n = 189). Methods: Metabolic syndrome was defined using the updated 2001 National Cholesterol Education Programs Adult Treatment Panel III. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were obtained. Lipid and glucose concentrations were determined. Results: Overall prevalence of MetS was 3.7%. Prevalence of 1 or 2 MetS criteria was 28.0% and 7.4%, respectively. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (20.1%) and elevated triacylglycerol (17.5%) concentrations were the most prevalent criteria. Conclusions: Young adults have and are at risk of developing MetS. Identification of MetS early in life is critical and screening young adults will aid in target...
The Ambiguity of Vagueness and Precision

L'A. distingue deux sens de " vague " : (i) le sens de cas limite, et (ii) le sens de sous specificite. Les deux sens sont largement confondus dans l'usage linguistique
Alternative methods of lung isolation in cases of pediatric bilateral thoracoscopic surgery

We compare airway management and lung isolation methods in two pediatric cases of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome undergoing bilateral throacoscopic phrenic-nerve-stimulator surgery. One child received lung isolation using a 7Fr bronchial blocker in conjunction with a 6.0 cuffed endotracheal tube; and the second received a technique of endobronchial intubation using a 3.5 microcuffed tube via the tracheostomy stoma in conjunction with 5.0 cuffed endotracheal intubation; a technique previously undescribed in pediatric patients.
Fungal Infections, Cutaneous

Cutaneous fungal infections result when host defense mechanisms fail and pathogenic fungal organisms can persist and proliferate in the skin. There are a number of physical and chemical factors in the skin that make it difficult for microorganisms to survive and grow in this location. The immune system also appears to be important in the defense against cutaneous fungal infections, with various processes being involved. Mechanisms involved in generating cutaneous immunologic reactions are particularly complex and involve a variety of cell types and signaling mechanisms that play important roles. Infections involving the skin include both superficial and deep mycoses. The superficial mycoses are infections of the epidermis and cutaneous appendages with a number of yeasts and filamentous fungi that are well adapted for growth at this location. The resulting diseases include cutaneous candidiasis, dematophytosis, tinea (pityriasis) versicolor, and some related mycoses. Deeper cutaneous mycoses, such as sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma, may begin with direct implantation of the organisms into the skin through accidental punctures involving contaminated objects. The skin may also be involved by disseminated fungal infections that are usually caused by endemic fungi or by opportunistic fungal organisms in immunosuppressed patients.
The Professional Career and Life of Valerie Bross

ABSTRACTThe career path and significant professional accomplishments of librarian Valerie Bross (1954–2016) are described in this article. The awards and recognition she received are recounted and the influence of outside activities on her career is assessed. An attempt is made to capture what she was like as a professional, as well as what her unique characteristics were. A bibliography of her writings and a photograph are included.
Spatial Dependence in Regression Error Terms

The analysis of the effects of spatial dependence in the error terms of the linear regression model was the first specifically spatial econometric issue to be addressed in the regional science literature. Initial problem descriptions and the suggestion of some solutions were formulated in the early 1970’s, e.g., by Fisher (1971), Berry (1971), Cliff and Ord (1972), McCamley (1973), Hordijk (1974), Martin (1974), Bodson and Peeters (1975), and Hordijk and Paelinck (1976). This was followed by many further assessments of the properties of various estimators and test statistics, which continue to be formulated to date. Spatial error autocorrelation is also the only spatial aspect of inference that has been recognized in the standard econometric literature, though only very recently and to a limited extent, e.g., in Johnston (1984) and King (1981, 1987).
Synaptic Plasticity in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Emerging evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity is intimately involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD). Under certain conditions, over-strengthened and/or weakened synapses at different circuits in the brain could disturb brain functions in parallel, causing manic-like or depressive-like behaviors in animal models. In this chapter, we summarize the regulation of synaptic plasticity by medications, psychological conditions, hormones, and neurotrophic factors, and their correlation with mood-associated animal behaviors. We conclude that increased serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acute corticosterone, and antidepressant treatments lead to enhanced synaptic strength in the hippocampus and also correlate with antidepressant-like behaviors. In contrast, inhibiting monoaminergic signaling, long-term stress, and pathophysiological concentrations of cytokines weakens glutamatergic synaptic strength in the hippocampus and is associated with depressive-like symptoms.
The Symbiotic Relationship Between the Evolution of Galaxy Groups and Their Resident Galaxies

The vast majority of galaxies reside in groups and it is becoming increasingly clear that much of the transformation of galaxies occurs in this intermediate environment rather than in larger clusters. We report on observational and analytical work that shows how the evolution of the group environment influences the evolution of the resident galaxies and how feedback resulting from the evolution of individual galaxies influences their larger environment. In particular, the dynamical assembly of groups is marked by an increase in galaxy–galaxy interactions and mergers that ultimately result in a group with a significant population of elliptical galaxies and a diffuse X-ray halo. The infall of baryons into the group produces a hot intragroup medium whose temperature can be maintained by episodic AGN feedback.
College: A Time to Increase Knowledge and Attenuate Health? A Study into College's Influences on Students' Alcohol Consumption, Physical Activity, and Diet

COLLEGE: A TIME TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTENUATE HEALTH? A STUDY INTO COLLEGE’S INFLUENCES ON STUDENTS’ ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND, DIET by Lauren M. Kincheloe Many behavior choices for one’s adult life are established during the college experience, a time in which health behaviors often. Multiple health behavior change research examines the relationship of two or more health behaviors in people, and may be a method of providing more efficient health interventions. Using data from 321 students' first semester of college, this study examines the relationship between and changes students' readiness to change their physical activity patterns, dietary choices, and alcohol consumption utilizing the Transtheoretical Model framework. Across the semester, significant changes were observed in the students' readiness to change certain health behaviors and gender differences were observed. Binge drinking and high fat food avoidance stages of change, and exercise and fruit and vegetable intake stages of change, showed the only significant health behavior relationships. Further understanding changes in students' readiness to change their health behaviors may aid universities in improving students' health behavior patterns. COLLEGE: A TIME TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTENUATE HEALTH? A STUDY INTO COLLEGE’S INFLUENCES ON STUDENTS’ ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND, DIET
Spin Systems, Statistical Mechanics and Painlevé Functions

We review the role of Painleve’ functions in the theory of the Ising model and discuss the prospect of extending these results to the other solvable statistical mechanical models related to conformal field theory.
User-centered design and niche-market development: Engaging Students in the design and merchandising

Understanding customer's needs is a prerequisite for effective design and market development in fashion industry. In common fashion curriculum, future fashion designers and merchandisers acquire market research methods focused on the target market's geographical and demographical characteristics as a means to identify customer's needs. However, the conventional market studies overlook customer's unconscious needs since customers often do not recognize what they want or even can expect from apparel product. In order to identify customer's conscious and latent needs, a relatively newer user-centered approach called empathic design employs close observation and systematic analysis of customer's experiences in their own environments (Leonard & Rayport, 1997). This approach's unique properties including close observation and deep empathy for customers' experiences has great potential to provide fashion students opportunities to practice for user-centered design and niche-market development. Thus the purpose of this study is to apply the empathic design approaches, serving as a pedagogical method, into practicing critical thinking process to develop adaptive wear and identify potential niche-market for the customers in special needs.
Business, Environment, Society

The first part looks at environmental issues. The cases include the Exxon Valdez oil spill case (1989), the Flint Michigan lead-tainted-water (2014–2017), and the water contamination case of Woburn, MA against W. R. Grace and Company and Beatrice Foods (1984). The following films are presented: A Civil Action (1998) based on the Woburn case, Michael Clayton (2007) and The Day After Tomorrow (2004). Resource takeover is illustrated in the film Leviathan (2014). Examples of human rights violations in the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India (1984) and in Dhaka, Bangladesh, garment industry tragedy (2013) are discussed, following with films The Constant Gardener (2005), and Blood Diamond (2006). The third part looks at societal challenges. Films with plots connecting disparate situations illustrate unforeseeable ethical consequences of decisions, e.g. Human Capital (2013), In a Better World (2010), and Babel (2006).
Community, Context, and Coping: How Social Connections Influence Coping and Well-Being for Military Members and Their Spouses.

Military members and their spouses (n = 223 families) were selected from an Active Duty Army installation and assessed with regard to their connections with the military community, their levels of coping with military culture demands, and their reports of individual (depression and life satisfaction) and family well-being. Guided by the contextual model of family stress and the social organization theory of action and change, results from a structural equation model indicated that military community connections, for both military members and their civilian spouses, were related to coping with the military culture and its demands, which in turn was related to both individual and family well-being. Unique actor and partner effects also emerged where both active duty military members' and their civilian spouses' perceptions of military community connections influenced the civilian spouses' satisfaction with military life, but only the active duty military members' community connections influenced their military-specific coping. Additionally, the associations between military-specific coping and individual and family well-being only had actor effects. When examined within the context of important military culture elements, namely rank and extent of military transitions (deployment and relocation), these core findings linking communities to coping and well-being were unchanged. Implications for theory, future research, and practice are shared.
A Question of Space: Surveying Student Usage of LGBTQ Resources in the LGBTQ Student Center Library and the Campus Library

AbstractThis article explores how self-identified lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) students use the library located within a culture center on campus serving LGBT...
List of Species Treated

The diversity of Anisoptera in America north of Mexico (herein referred to as North America) is about half that of South America (330 species compared to about 650). Only about 12% of the species are shared by these two large continents. In the seven families represented in North America , the majority (66%) of species belong to two families, the Gomphidae and Libellulidae. Five species are currently unknown in the nymph stage and an additional 43 species are inadequately described or poorly known. A table listing the 330 species is provided, including literature references for each species in which descriptions appeared.
Mixed-Signal Electrical Interfaces

Increasing link rates to 56+Gb/s requires improved energy-efficiency. Analog circuits "win" over digital when dynamic range is relatively low. Keys to mixed-signal circuit efficiency.
Fungal Highly-Reducing Polyketide Synthases and Associated Natural Products

Abstract This article will review recent progress in the identification and characterization of iterative highly-reducing polyketide synthases (HRPKSs) that synthesize diverse fungal secondary metabolites. Fungal HRPKSs are highly homologous to one another, yet they are differentially programmed to synthesize products ranging from saturated fatty acids to polyenes, decalins, 1,3-benzenediol lactones, and lipopeptides. The article is organized by the β-keto processing domains of fungal HRPKSs, with particular emphasis on their coordinated catalysis and mechanisms to ensure faithful production of target compounds, followed by an overview of collaborative biosynthesis between HRPKSs and other natural product scaffold-building enzymes. The key developments that facilitated the studies of fungal HRPKSs are also discussed.
Boltzmann machine modeling of layered MoS2 synthesis on a quantum annealer

Abstract Two-dimensional layered materials are usually synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Here we use the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and its enhancement called Limited Boltzmann Machine (LBM) on a quantum computer to model the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth data for a MoS2 monolayer. The CVD data for Boltzmann machines are generated by reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations. The Boltzmann machines give insight into the semiconducting (2H) and metallic (1T) phases and defects generated during the CVD growth of MoS2. We compare the performances of the two types of Boltzmann machine models, i.e. RBM versus augmented topologies with limited intra-layer coupling between the hidden units (LBM). We show that limited topologies have a performance advantage over restricted topologies. We examine connectivity within our topological variants, explore hardware qubit mapping schemes, and discuss what performance differences may imply about locality within the data without prior knowledge.
The Collective Interests of Large Corporations: Social Movement Protest and the Policy-Planning Network

Is the corporate class fractured or it is able to transcend individual interest in favor of a collective interest? I address this debate through a unique application – how large corporations respon...
LiftRight: Quantifying strength training performance using a wearable sensor

Abstract Exercise is shown to affect the physical, psychological, and cognitive aspects of one's health. Despite the prevalence of fitness trackers for tracking heart-rate, steps, and other wellness metrics, very few tools exist to monitor strength training performance. This paper presents LiftRight which introduces a low-cost approach for quantifying an individual's performance during strength training sessions. Unique challenges include the lack of useful qualitative or quantitative metrics, and monitoring the complex motion of the exercises. We leverage an arm-mounted inertial sensor for tracking the user's arm and computing associated kinetics. We choose three upper-body strength training exercises, and segment the workout trace into constituent sets, repetitions, and phases. We also compute performance metrics such as velocity, range of motion, stability angle, and sticking points for eight candidates over a total period of 26 weeks. LiftRight achieves 96 % accuracy in identifying sets and repetitions in a workout. In terms of lifting practices and its affects on performance, our quantitative and qualitative observations are found to be consistent with existing literature. We believe that the ability to accurately monitor weight training will lower the entrance barrier and help prevent injuries by helping users and trainers alike.
Nonperiodic Metasurfaces for Retroreflection of TE/TM and Circularly Polarized Waves

In this article, we propose nonperiodic metasurfaces used for retroreflection of oblique incident wave with linear polarization (TE/TM) and circular polarization (CP). For CP wave, both handedness reversal and handedness preservation cases are demonstrated. The proposed metasurfaces consist of nonperiodic group cells optimized by genetic algorithm for desired scattered power patterns. Each group cell includes several locally periodic elements that are characterized by their reflection phase response under TE/TM or CP illumination. The proposed metasurfaces for retroflection have achieved reduced sidelobe level and suppressed specular beam and are verified by both full wave simulation and measurement at 10 GHz. This nonperiodic metasurface design method offers fast implementation for retroreflection of any plane wave with easy planar fabrication and can be easily scaled to millimeter-wave, THz, and optical regimes.
Advances in DNA test for non-neoplastic Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases in children

Epstein-Barr(EB) virus is wildly spreaded in human and associated with many diseases.EBV-DNA load measurement by PCR has been shown to play an important role in the diagnosis of these diseases, a method to monitor patients and a prognosis factor of the outcome in many EBV-associated diseases.This review focuses on the development of the EBV-DNA detection technique and the advances of clinical use in several non-neoplastic EBV-associated diseases in children. Key words: Epstein-Barr virus; Epstein-Barr virus load; EBV-associated diseases; Children