cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hearts and Minds of Supermen

This chapter establishes a creative and intertextual genealogy of sorts for Superman. After discussing Superman’s connection with Samson and whether his creators mined the bible for inspiration, attention turns to addressing his manifest and often authorially attested pop-cultural intertexts. Rather than trying to figure out which elements were gathered from what source, however, focus is on Superman’s adherence to broader conventions in the Americanizing and “whitening” (in ethno-racial terms) aspects of the pulps, film, and other entertainment that his creators are known to have both loved and poached from. Also addressed is the “softening” of Great Depression realities that permeated both American popular culture in general and Superman comics specifically. This points to Superman’s figuration as a thoroughly American, or Americanized, character.
Observation of ultrafast temporal evolution of symmetry in short-pulsed laser induced transient states of matter (Conference Presentation)

In condensed matter physics, ultrafast photoexcitation has been shown to result in modification of macroscopic material properties, sometimes involving phase changes, on a subpicosecond time scale. In semiconductors, irreversible non-thermal solid-to-liquid structural transitions have been demonstrated at high laser fluences. In the pump-probe experiments reported here, we observe a striking continuously varying low-fluence pump-induced time-dependent structural symmetry modification in intrinsic gallium arsenide (GaAs) using a probe that produces femtosecond polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (f-PRSHG) data. SHG spectroscopy is particularly suited to monitor symmetry changes since its magnitude is governed by the nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor whose elements are determined by the underlying material symmetry. Conceptually, these experiments seek to provide insight into the details of the time evolution of symmetry arising from laser induced transient states of matter in GaAs. Overall, the basic explanation of these experimental observations is that as a result of the photoinduced electronic excitation, many electrons, including bond electrons are excited to higher states. This results in subpicosecond changes in the local anharmonic potential and produces a changing nonlinear polarization response thus accounting for the nonthermal time dependent symmetry changes. Clearly, our approach may be easily extended to many different crystalline materials with different levels of defects, dopants and stresses to fully characterize the time dependent behavior of laser induced transient states in material systems.
Butazolidin® Alka (Geigy)

Butazolidin is an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic agent, with mild uricosuric properties. The drug produces symptomatic relief only and usually does not alter the disease processes for which it is indicated. Butazolidin should not be considered a simple analgesic that can be prescribed for indiscriminate use. This drug is not a salicylate nor a steroid.
TRACES: Generating Twitter stories via shared subspace and temporal smoothness

In the era of information overload, people are struggling to make sense of complex story events in massive social media data. Most existing approaches are designed to address event extraction in news reports, documents and abstracts, but such approaches are not suitable for Twitter data streams due to their unstructured language, short-length messages, and heterogeneous features; few existing approach generates a story by considering both the shared topics throughout the story and the smooth connection between successive nodes simultaneously. In this paper, a novel Twitter stoRy generation framework via shAred subspaCe and tEmporal Smoothness called TRACES is proposed. Given a query of an ongoing event, a novel multi-task clustering method integrated with shared subspace and temporal smoothness (STMTC) is proposed to generate the event stories. Extensive experimental evaluations of data sets for different events demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach.
Fault detection and diagnosis using empirical mode decomposition based principal component analysis

Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm to identify and diagnose stochastic faults in Tennessee Eastman (TE) process. The algorithm combines Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) to diagnose a group of faults that could not be properly detected and/or diagnosed with previously reported techniques. This algorithm includes three steps: measurements pre-filtering, fault detection, and fault diagnosis. Measured variables are first decomposed into different scales using the EEMD-based PCA, from which fault signatures can be extracted for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). The T2 and Q statistics-based CUSUMs are further applied to improve fault detection, where a set of PCA models are developed from historical data to characterize anomalous fingerprints that are correlated with each fault for accurate fault diagnosis. The algorithm developed in this paper can successfully identify and diagnose both individual and simultaneous occurrences of stochastic faults.
Probiotic supplementation increases obesity with no detectable effects on liver fat or gut microbiota in obese Hispanic adolescents: a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that there are links between obesity, liver fat and the gut microbiome. However, there are mixed results on whether probiotics could impact the gut microbiome and/or help to decrease liver fat and obesity outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether a probiotic supplement (VSL#3® ) intervention altered gut microbiota and/or gut hormones associated with appetite regulation. The secondary aim of this study was to determine whether VSL#3® altered body composition and liver fat and fibrosis. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in 19 obese Latino adolescents. The intervention consisted of three packets per day of VSL#3® or a matched placebo for 16 weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures included gut microbial abundance, gut appetite regulating hormones, anthropometrics, body composition, liver fat and liver fibrosis. We conducted linear models to determine whether there were any significant differences in the changes in these outcomes following VSL#3® intervention. RESULTS Compared with placebo, adolescents that received VSL#3 had significant increases in total adiposity (%) (+1.7 ± 0.6 vs. -1.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01) and trunk adiposity (%) (+3.3 ± 0.8 vs. -1.8 ± 0.8, p < 0.01) with no significant effects on liver fat/fibrosis, insulin/glucose, gut microbial abundances or gut hormones. CONCLUSION VSL#3 supplementation may lead to increased adiposity in obese Latino adolescents with no significant detectable changes in gut microbiota, gut appetite-regulating hormones, liver fat and fibrosis and dietary intake. However, it is important to note that recruitment efforts were terminated early and the sample size fell short of what was planned for this trial.
A rationale for effective post-fire debris flow mitigation within forested terrain

Watersheds recently burned by wildfires are recognized as having an increased susceptibility to debris flow occurrence. The great majority occur within the first 2 years following wildfires. These debris flows are generated primarily through the process of progressive entrainment of material eroded from hillslopes and channels by surface runoff and appears independent of the vegetative community burned. The decreased likelihood of debris flows over time is linked to the restoration of hydrologic function as vegetative cover and soil infiltration functioning return to pre-fire conditions. An exception to this pattern of post-wildfire debris flow susceptibility occurs in burned drainage basins with forest cover. A second, later period of increased debris flow susceptibility due to infiltration-triggered landslides can occur in burned forested basins. This later period of debris flow susceptibility is largely attributable to the fire-induced tree mortality and subsequent decay of tree root networks decreasing soil strength on steep hillslopes which produces an increased likelihood of debris flow occurrence 3 to 10 or more years after the wildfire. Consequently, post-fire mitigation measures in forested terrain must address the risk posed by debris flows caused by progressive entrainment during the 2 years following the wildfire and debris flows due to infiltration-induced debris slides three or more years later. Mitigation for the later debris flows in forested terrain involves identification of areas with infiltration-induced debris slides coincident with concentrations of fire-killed trees. Timely reforestation of these areas after a wildfire limits the loss of soil strength from decaying roots.
Assessing the reactivity of TiCl3 and TiF3 with hydrogen

Abstract TiCl3 and TiF3 additives are known to facilitate hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in a variety of hydrogen storage materials, yet the associated mechanism remains under debate. Here, experimental and computational studies are reported for the reactivity with hydrogen gas of bulk and ball-milled TiCl3 and TiF3 at the temperatures and pressures for which these additives are observed to accelerate reactions when added to hydrogen storage materials. TiCl3, in either the α or δ polymorphic forms and of varying crystallite size ranging from ∼5 to 95 nm, shows no detectable reaction with prolonged exposure to hydrogen gas at elevated pressures (∼120 bar) and temperatures (up to 200 °C). Similarly, TiF3 with varying crystallite size from ∼4 to 25 nm exhibits no detectable reaction with hydrogen gas. Post-exposure vibrational and electronic structure investigations using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirm this analysis. Moreover, there is no significant promotion of H2 dissociation at either interior or exterior surfaces, as demonstrated by H2/D2 exchange studies on pure TiF3. The computed energy landscape confirms that dissociative adsorption of H2 on TiF3 surfaces is thermodynamically inhibited. However, Ti-based additives could potentially promote H2 dissociation at interfaces where structural and compositional varieties are expected, or else by way of subsequent chemical transformations. At interfaces, metallic states could be formed intrinsically or extrinsically, possibly enabling hydrogen-coupled electronic transfer by donating electrons.
Measuring the Elastic Modulus of Soft Thin Films on Substrates

The use of instrumented indentation to measure the mechanical properties of thin films supported on substrates where the Young's modulus of the film (E1) is substantially less than that of the Young's modulus of the substrate (E2) with modulus ratios from E1/E2 = 0.0001 to 1 is important for investigating materials such as soft polymers, cellulosic sheets, and biological materials. Most existing models for determining the elastic properties of films or sheets on substrates from indentation measurements were developed for the analysis of metal and dielectric films on semiconductor substrates and thus have been used in cases where E1/E2 is ~0.01 to ~10. In the present work, flat punch indentation of systems with E1/E2 = 0.0001 to 1 is investigated via finite element (FE) modeling and experiments. A FE parametric study in which E1/E2 was varied from 0.0001 to 1 was performed to quantify the effect of substrate stiffness on the measurement of the elastic film properties. A semi-analytical model that treats the thin film and substrate as two springs in series was fit to the FE results to allow for use of the results presented. Preliminary experiments, in which a series of film/substrate systems with various modulus mismatch (E1/E2 from ~0.0005 to ~1) were characterized using instrumented indentation, were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the model for extracting films properties from indentation measurements. The results of the parametric FE study show that for very stiff substrates, the measured stiffness becomes insensitive to changes in substrate modulus. The analytical model and FE model agree to within 7% for E1/E2 values between 0.0001 to 1 and a/t ratios from 1 to 100. Comparison of the preliminary experimental results and FE model show reasonable agreement, but further investigation is required to obtain better correlation.
Abstract P276: Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Local Blood Flow in Conscious, Free-Moving Rats

Inhibiting cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) to prevent H2S synthesis augments constriction in isolated mesenteric and renal arteries, but H2S regulation of resistance in these vascular beds in vivo ...
The Fate of Fusions

The concept of leukocyte-tumor cell fusion as a significant driver of cancer progression has been around a long time, and has garnered growing support over the last several years. The underlying idea seems quite simple and attractive: Fusion of tumor cells (with their inherent genetic instability) with leukocytes, particularly macrophages, could produce hybrids with high invasive capabilities, greatly facilitating their metastatic dissemination, while potentially accelerating tumor cell heterogeneity. While there are a number of attractive features with this story on the surface, the various studies seem to leave us with a conundrum, namely, what is the fate of such fusions?
Situation Awareness-Oriented Cybersecurity Education

This Research to Practice Full Paper presents a new methodology in cybersecurity education. In the context of the cybersecurity profession, the ‘isolation problem’ refers to the observed isolation of different knowledge units, as well as the isolation of technical and business perspectives. Due to limitations in existing cybersecurity education, professionals entering the field are often trapped in microscopic perspectives, and struggle to extend their findings to grasp the big picture in a target network scenario. Guided by a previous developed and published framework named “cross-layer situation knowledge reference model” (SKRM), which delivers comprehensive level big picture situation awareness, our new methodology targets at developing suites of teaching modules to address the above issues. The modules, featuring interactive hands-on labs that emulate real-world multiple-step attacks, will help students form a knowledge network instead of isolated conceptual knowledge units. Students will not just be required to leverage various techniques/tools to analyze breakpoints and complete individual modules; they will be required to connect logically the outputs of these techniques/tools to infer the ground truth and gain big picture awareness of the cyber situation. The modules will be able to be used separately or as a whole in a typical network security course.
Thoracic Aortic Dilation after Endovascular Repair of Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury.

Background Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) has become the current standard of care for emergent treatment of traumatic blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI). Although aortic dilation (AD) of the infrarenal neck after EVAR for aortic aneurysms has been studied, changes in aortic diameter after TEVAR for BTAI is not well understood. This study aims to characterize changes in thoracic aortic diameter after stent-graft placement in the setting of nonaneurysmal traumatic aortic injury. Methods A single-center, retrospective review was performed involving patients presenting with BTAI treated with TEVAR. Only patients with at least 12 months follow-up were included. Aortic diameter, defined as the outer-to-outer diameter on 3D center-line imaging, was measured at six locations along the proximal and mid thoracic aorta. The first postoperative CT (≤1 month) served as a baseline from which interval measurements were compared. Results Twenty patients with BTAI treated from 2011 to 2017 had adequate imaging available for review and were included in this study cohort. Median follow-up time was 46.8 (12–80, range) months. At the latest follow-up, AD occurred at all measured locations within the endograft, starting from the proximal graft edge (0.62 ± 0.69 mm, P = 0.027) to the distal graft edge (1.21 ± 1.28 mm, P = 0.003). AD was most pronounced in the distal graft segment 2 cm proximal to the distal graft edge, with a mean AD of 1.32 ± 1.59 mm (+5.3%, P 5%. The amount of AD was not found to be associated with either graft oversizing (P = 0.151) or age (P = 0.340). There were no cases of graft migration, erosion, or endoleak. Conclusions AD is a common benign finding after TEVAR for BTAI. AD is most pronounced at the near the distal end of the stent graft. In late-term follow-up, there are no known associated complications related to AD.
Inverted Judicial Guardianship

This article analyzes the phenomenon of inverted judicial guardianship, a key dynamic in contemporary U.S. constitutional adjudication. Inverted judicial guardianship refers to the dynamic in which lower federal courts play a more activist and assertive role in challenging the exercise of government power in the area of rights and equality than the U.S. Supreme Court. The article traces this dynamic through an in-depth analysis of the sequence of judicial battles between lower federal courts and the Supreme Court in Trump v. Hawaii (2018) over the scope of executive power in immigration policy and protections for individual rights. In Trump v. Hawaii, lower federal courts served as front-line constitutional guardians by ruling against and checking federal power, only to be ultimately overruled by the Supreme Court based on the application of more deferential approaches. The article challenges prevailing assumptions about the top-down nature of judicial supremacy and the nature of the judicial role in identifying key attributes of inverted judicial guardianship: constitutional narrowing of claims, diminishing rights narratives, and inverted assertiveness. The article then provides an explanatory account of the factors that drive inverted judicial guardianship by drawing on regime politics, legal-institutional, and strategic models, illustrating how inverted judicial supremacy is more prevalent under certain political and structural conditions. It concludes by suggesting that inverted guardianship has important implications for separation of powers, federalism, and the ability of rights and social movements to effect reform and social change, and arguing that inverted judicial guardianship may encompass a broader range of patterns of Supreme Court-Lower Court interaction and forms of lower court assertiveness involving rights and equality cases at both the federal and state court level.
Low Sample and Communication Complexities in Decentralized Learning: A Triple Hybrid Approach

Network-consensus-based decentralized learning optimization algorithms have attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years due to their rapidly growing applications. However, most of the existing decentralized learning algorithms could not achieve low sample and communication complexities simultaneously – two important metrics in evaluating the trade-off between computation and communication costs of decentralized learning. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we propose a triple hybrid decentralized stochastic gradient descent (TH-DSGD) algorithm for efficiently solving non-convex network-consensus optimization problems for decentralized learning. We show that to reach an ϵ2-stationary solution, the total sample complexity of TH-DSGD is O(ϵ−3) and the communication complexity is O(ϵ−3), both of which are independent of dataset sizes and significantly improve the sample and communication complexities of the existing works. We conduct extensive experiments with a variety of learning models to verify our theoretical findings. We also show that our TH-DSGD algorithm is stable as the network topology gets sparse and enjoys better convergence in the large-system regime.
Payout Policy Reform and Investor Horizons

In this paper, I study how investor horizons affect corporate payout and investment policies using the 1982 share repurchase liberalization in the US as a natural experiment. Following the reform, firms with greater pre-reform short-termist ownership increase payouts by .85% of total assets relative to firms with a more long-term investor base. This is entirely driven by net share repurchases while dividends do not fall after the event. These results soundly reject perfect substitutability of dividends and share repurchases. The increase in payouts is mirrored by an equally sized decline in investment, showing that share repurchase liberalization has sizable real effects on firm behavior. Tests exploiting newly digitized insider trading data support that the results are driven by myopic considerations, rather than efficient down-sizing of firms following the reform.
Acute Airway Obstruction

Central airway obstruction from malignant disease is a serious presentation of intrathoracic malignances. Symptoms may be subtle, mimic other pulmonary diseases, or be catastrophic. Management of acute airway obstruction begins with stabilization and resuscitation. Therapeutic bronchoscopy can rapidly alleviate malignant central airway obstruction, and a variety of tools can be used creatively and in combination to recanalize the airway.
Genetic determinants of multiple myeloma risk within the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.

Abstract Background Aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation is implicated in Multiple Myeloma (MM) development, but little is known if genetic variants within this pathway contribute to MM susceptibility. Methods We performed a discovery candidate pathway analysis in 269 non-Hispanic white MM cases and 272 controls focusing on 171 variants selected from 26 core genes within the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Significant candidate variants (P Results Seven variants were significantly associated with MM risk in non-Hispanic whites in the discovery population, of which LRP6:rs7966410 (OR: 0.57; 95 % CI: 0.38–0.88; P = 9.90 × 10−3) and LRP6:rs7956971 (OR: 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.44–0.95; P = 0.027) remained significant in the internal and external populations. CSNK1D:rs9901910 replicated among all three racial/ethnic groups, with 2–6 fold increased risk of MM (OR: 2.40; 95 % CI: 1.67–3.45; P = 2.43 × 10−6 – non-Hispanic white; OR: 6.42; 95 % CI: 2.47–16.7; P = 3.14 × 10−4 – non-Hispanic black; OR: 4.31; 95 % CI: 1.83–10.1; P = 8.10 × 10−4 – Hispanic). BTRC:rs7916830 was associated with a significant 37 % and 24 % reduced risk of MM in the non-Hispanic white (95 % CI: 0.49–0.82; P = 5.60 × 10−4) and non-Hispanic Black (95 % CI: 0.60–0.97; P = 0.028) population, respectively. In silico tools predicted that these loci altered function through via gene regulation. Conclusion We identified several variants within the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway associated with MM susceptibility. Findings of this study highlight the potential genetic role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in MM etiology among a diverse patient population.
Convergence Culture and Transmedia Storytelling in Contemporary Italy

In their Preface to the Italian translation of Henry Jenkins’s Convergence Culture in 2006, Wu Ming One and Wu Ming Two announced that “in the best of all worlds” the book would have caused a major...
Initial Collagen Fiber Alignment Determines the Mechanical and Structural Response of Cell-Compacted Tissue-Equivalents Under Indentation

The mechanical behavior of connective soft tissues depends largely on their structural organization, particularly of the collagen network. Previous studies have utilized polarized light imaging techniques to quantify collagen organization and fiber kinematics under tensile load (e.g., [1–2]). Many native tissues function in non-tensile loading environments, however, and the microstructural response to such loads is poorly understood. For example, fiber-reinforced soft tissues can be subjected to indentation in vivo (e.g., supraspinatus tendon in shoulder, flexor tendons that wrap around bones), resulting in a complex combination of compressive (near indentation site) and tensile forces (away from indentation site) being applied to the tissue. In order to understand and predict a tissue’s response to such loading, the respective roles of the collagen and non-fibrillar matrix must be elucidated. In particular, how do the properties of the collagen network (e.g., density/organization) and non-fibrillar matrix (e.g., type/quantity) modulate behavior under load? In order to address these questions, our group has utilized type I collagen gel tissue-equivalents (TEs) as a simplified model system to evaluate properties and relationships of tissue components. TEs are particularly useful because organizational and compositional properties can be controlled during formulation (e.g., mold geometry altered to induce changes in collagen fiber alignment [3]). While our other work has used co-gel tissue analogs to evaluate the contribution of non-fibrillar matrix to indentation [4], the purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of initial collagen organization on tissue behavior in indentation using cell-compacted TEs as a model system.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A Specification-Based Data Model

This paper presents a conceptual data model for engineered products ranging from software systems to physical objects. The presented model views the hierarchy of components that constitute a system as layers of alternating specification and implementation. If one considers the principles of abstraction and encapsulation, one can see that this viewpoint is quite natural. Abstraction implies that all implementations are implementations of some specification. Thus specifications may be regarded as directly “above” implementations. Encapsulation implies that implementations, at least conceptually, use specifications rather than other implementations to fulfill their goals. Thus, implementations may be regarded as directly “above” specifications.
Analysis of lossy multi-chip module interconnections using finite element method

In this paper, a new comprehensive electromagnetic modeling tool, the networking distributed transmission line parameters, R(/spl omega/), L(/spl omega/), C(/spl omega/), and G(/spl omega/), is developed. The modal characteristic impedances, network functions, and multiconductor transmission lines stamp of pulse propagation in interconnects are derived. For signals with subnanosecond rise times, the interconnects always behave as transmission lines. Multichip module MCMs are the emerging technology for an advanced electronic packaging. This technology has the advantages of smaller size, lighter systems, and improved performance. The interconnect circuit parameters vary with frequency. Two- or three-dimensional finite elements, are used to solve the fields in terms of the magnetic vector potential and scalar potential. The loss analysis has taken into account the skin effect, proximity effect, and lossy dielectric material in the problem. The accuracy of the method is studied by comparison with available data in the literature.
Characterization of heterogeneities and domains in aquatic and sedimentary organic matter by 1H spin diffusion: Potential for elucidating the formation mechanisms

Although the information on domains and heterogeneities of natural organic matter (NOM) can provide insights into its formation mechanisms, the appropriate solid-state NMR technique for measuring them is still lacking. The traditional technique requires mobility differences in NOM whereas NOM components are prima rily rigid. We introduced a new 1 H spin diffusion technique, 1 H13 C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR with 1 H spin diffusion, for characterization of domains and heterogeneities in aquatic and sedimentary organic matter. It was achieved by collecting a series of 2D HETCOR spectra with a variable mix ing time, t m , and monitoring the transfer of magnetization from one component to another. The rate of mag netization transfer provided the information on domains and heterogeneities because the magnetization of small domains or heterogeneities equilibrated faster than that of larger ones. Three samples, International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Suwannee River NOM, IHSS Suwannee River humic acid (HA), and a sedi mentary HA, were used. Two model polymers, a random copolymer poly(styrene-n-butyl methacrylate) with 0.6-nm heterogeneity and a block copolymer polystyrene- b-poly(methyl methacrylate) with a domain size of 5 nm, were included for calibration. Within t m < 100 µs, half equilibration was reached for all three NOM sam ples and poly(styrene-n-butyl methacrylate), indicating that they were heterogeneous. In contrast, the spin dif fusion of polystyrene- b-poly(methyl methacrylate) with 5-nm domain was much slower. Unlike the traditional spin diffusion technique, this technique did not require the differential mobility in NOM and was suitable for investigating the domains and heterogeneities of NOM, which are mostly rigid.
Murine pulmonary infection and inflammation induced by inhalation of Burkholderia pseudomallei

Melioidosis is a tropical disease caused by ingestion, percutaneous inoculation or inhalation of the Gram-negative soil saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei. We developed a reproducible experimental murine model of pneumonic melioidosis induced by inhalation of aerosolized B. pseudomallei 1026b. In a series of experiments performed to bracket the lethal dose, we found that C57BL/6 mice were modestly more resistant than BALB/c mice (median lethal dose 334 CFU/lung vs 204 CFU/lung). We further characterized infection and pulmonary inflammation in C57BL/6 mice infected with a sublethal dose. We observed pulmonary replication and dissemination of bacteria to distant organs in the first days after infection, followed by bacterial containment by day 4 and no evidence of recrudescent infection for up to 2 months. We measured a robust host inflammatory response notable for a neutrophilic bronchoalveolar lavage fluid profile, elevated cytokines and chemokines in the lung and serum and scattered foci of neutrophilic infiltrates in the alveoli and in a perivascular distribution on histological analysis. We previously noted a similar pattern of inflammation in mice infected with aerosolized B. thailandensis. This report builds on the limited literature describing experimental murine pneumonic melioidosis induced by aerosol and characterizes pulmonary infection and resultant inflammation in C57BL/6 mice infected with aerosolized B. pseudomallei. This model has utility for the study of bacterial and host factors that contribute to the virulence of melioidosis.
The mystery of perpendicular fivefold axes and the fourth dimension in intermetallic structures.

The structures of eight related known intermetallic structure types are the impetus to this paper: Li 21 Si 5 , Mg 44 Rh 7 , Zn 13 (Fe,Ni) 2 , Mg 6 Pd, Na 6 T1, Zn 91 Ir 11 , Li 13 Na 29 Ba 19 , and Al 69 Ta 39 . All belong to the F43m space group, have roughly 400 atoms in their cubic unit cells, are built up at least partially from the γ-brass structure, and exhibit pseudo-tenfold symmetric diffraction patterns. These pseudo-tenfold axes lie in the (110) directions, and thus present a paradox. The (110) set is comprised of three pairs of perpendicular directions. Yet no 3D point group contains a single pair of perpendicular fivefold axes (by Friedel's Law, a fivefold axis leads to a tenfold diffraction pattern). The current work seeks to resolve this paradox. Its resolution is based on the largest of all 4D Platonic solids, the 600-cell. We first review the 600-cell, building an intuition discussing 4D polyhedroids (4D polytopes). We then show that the positions of common atoms in the F43m structures lie close to the positions of vertices in a 3D projection of the 600-cell. For this purpose, we develop a projection method that we call intermediate projection. The introduction of the 600-cell resolves the above paradox. This 4D Platonic solid contains numerous orthogonal fivefold rotations. The six fivefold directions that are best preserved after projection prove to lie along the (110) directions of the F43m structures. Finally, this paper shows that at certain ideal projected cluster sizes related to one another by the golden mean (τ=(1+√5)/2.), constructive interference leading to tenfold diffraction patterns is optimized. It is these optimal values that predominate in actual F43m structures. Explicit comparison of experimental cluster sizes and theoretically derived cluster sizes shows a clear correspondence, both for isolated and crystalline pairs of projected 600-cells.
The serpent and the rope on stage: Popular, literary, and philosophical representations of reality in traditional India

One of the most continually absorbing problems confronting students of culture is, or perhaps I should say, ought to be, the relationship between the attitudes and artifacts of a society's intellectual elites and those of the general population. For it is in an investigation of this question that we may more clearly see the fundamental attitudes and belief systems that characterize particular cultures and to a great extent, govern the shape of their ideologies and institutions. The exact relationship between a people's elite and popular cultures, however, is often extremely complex and since the two are rarely either clearly bounded or sealed against the influence of the other, the tracing of a particular idea or attitude to one or the other can take on something of a chicken-and-egg quality. Do, for example, the philosophical positions of a Hegel and a Nietzsche or the poems of a Goethe derive from and somehow crystallize the ideas, attitudes, and aesthetic sensibilities of the German people, or would it be more correct to argue that the characteristic attitudes and concerns of the Germans have been molded by the writings of such intellectual giants as these? Or, on the other hand, is it that the attitudes of elite and popular culture continually both feed from and inspire each other to create a dynamic relationship that collectively defines one culture as opposed to another? It has been argued, for example, that the factors in German culture that led to the horrors of Nazism, are to be explained as the result of the works of such philosophers and artists as Nietzsche and Wagner. Yet, it might be more plausible to entertain the notion that these men derived their fundamental ideas from a substratum of German culture and that their work was successful insofar as it corresponded to the conditioned cultural, intellectual, and emotional responses of the Germans. Questions such as these become much more complicated when they are applied to traditional cultures in which people's attitudes, ideologies, and emotive responses have been formed over a period of millenia rather than mere centuries and in which the roots of both the elite and the popular
Predicting Behavior Assessment System for Children-Second Edition Self-Report of Personality Child Form Results Using the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System Student Form: A Replication Study with an Urban, Predominantly Latino/a Sample.

This study assesses the ability of a brief screening form, the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System–Student Form (BESS-SF), to predict scores on the much longer form from which it was derived:...
A new model for the prediction of clad failure during fast reactor overpower transients

Abstract A new model for the prediction of cladding failure time and location during mild fast reactor overpower transients is presented. It is simpler than the more conventional model such as LIFE and DEFORM, but still includes the important relevant phenomena including differential thermal expansion, internal gas pressure, differential creep, swelling and hot pressing. The model centers around the calculation of the fuel-clad mechanical interaction pressure using a fuel rod free body force balance. Inelastic strains are computed using previous time step stresses and a perfect plastic approximation is employed when a Tresca yield criterion is exceeded in the cladding. The model allows the assessment of the steady state (pretransient) stress-strain distribution with respect to transient cladding failure time and location in a manner consistent with KRASS results. The mathematical description of phenomena relevant to changing the stress-strain state of a fast reactor fuel rod during a TOP has been integrated into a FORTRAN IV representation, called the JANE code. JANE was used to compare the transient response of irradiated GCFR and LMFBR fuel rods to an imposed mild exponential power use. For the investigated set of mild overpower conditions, it appears that failure location is determined by the competition between cladding strength reduction from heat-up and the development of significant transient induced fuel-clad mechanical interaction forces. Cladding strength reduction favors failure near the core outlet and transient fuel-clad mechanical interaction forces are largest near the core midplane. Lower power pins (9kW/ft) allowed the development of substantial fuel-clad mechanical interaction pressures whereas cladding strength reduction from heat-up dominated failure location in the higher power pins (12 kW/ft). The dominant force in the LMFBR cases was differential thermal expansion and the dominant force in the GCFR cases was cavity pressure.
Limb morphology and function are transformed by contralateral nerve section in snapping shrimps

PERIPHERAL nerves exert strong trophic influences on the muscles they supply. Although not well understood, the crucial role of nerves in regulating development, regeneration and normal maintenance of limb muscles in vertebrate and invertebrate animals is assumed to depend on a direct anatomical relationship between the axons and their targets. The trophic nervous mechanisms which operate during limb regeneration and development may be studied profitably in crustaceans, many of which possess opposite limbs which are morphologically and functionally dissimilar. Homarid lobsters, for example, have one enlarged heavy crusher claw and a more slender, highly serrated ripper claw on the opposite side. Sexually mature male fiddler crabs have a greatly enlarged claw on one side only, and many other crustaceans show similar bilateral differences in relative claw size. The snapping shrimps (Family Alpheidae) show especially dramatic cheliped asymmetries. In these animals, one of the two claws is tremendously enlarged and also differs greatly in external morphology from its opposite number (Fig. 1). Snapping shrimps use their enlarged ‘snapper’ claw mainly in aggressive encounters with conspecific shrimp1. Exoskeletal and/or muscular arrangements permit the dactyl of the snapper claw to close against the propodite with great force2. This action generates an intense jet of water from a specialised region of the propodite and also produces an audible snap. We describe here changes not only in the size and function, but also in the morphology of the terminal limb segments in this shrimp following damage to a distant anatomically separate nervous pathway. At least one, if not several, synapses intervene between the damaged neurones and those which make functional contact with muscles in the affected limb. Thus, these findings imply that peripheral nerves need not make direct anatomical contact with the targets of their trophic influences.
On exact coverings of the integers

By an exact covering of modulusm, we mean a finite set of liner congruencesx≡a i (modm i ), (i=1,2,...r) with the properties: (I)m i ∣m, (i=1,2,...,r); (II) Each integer satisfies precisely one of the congruences. Let α≥0, β≥0, be integers and letp andq be primes. Let μ (m) senote the Mobius function. Letm=p α q β and letT(m) be the number of exact coverings of modulusm. Then,T(m) is given recursively by $$\mathop \Sigma \limits_{d/m} \mu (d)\left( {T\left( {\frac{m}{d}} \right)} \right)^d = 1$$ .
ANTEPARTUM BETAMETHASONE IN THE PREVENTION OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Thirty-nine infants were born to women receiving betamethasone for threatened premature (6-1.3 wks )delivery using the regime of Liggins. Infants over 27 wks and under 6 lbs whose mothers had been treated 24 or more hrs prior to delivery were matched with infants of similar weignt, gestational age(G.A.) and status of membrane rupture. There were no differences between control and study patients in sex ratio, clinic vs. private status, or antepartum bleeding. 11 treated and 5 control infants were delivered by section. 3 treated and no control mothers received alcohol. 25 in each group had ruptured membranes for median times of 75 hrs (treated)and 48 hrs(controls) Median time of drug administration was 70 hrs prior to delivery. Results were as follows: Betamethasone at least 24 hrs prior to delivery appears effective in preventing RDS in infants under S lbs.& 34 weeks.
Bulk And Integrated Acousto-Optic Spectrometers For Molecular Astronomy With Heterodyne Spectrometers

A survey of acousto-optic spectrometers for molecular astronomy is presented, noting a technique of combining the acoustic bending of a collimated coherent light beam with a Bragg cell followed by an array of sensitive photodetectors. This acousto-optic spectrometer has a large bandwidth, a large number of channels, high resolution, and is energy efficient. Receiver development has concentrated on high-frequency heterodyne systems for the study of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium. RF spectrometers employing acousto-optic diffraction cells are described. Acousto-optic techniques have been suggested for applications to electronic warfare, electronic countermeasures and electronic support systems. Plans to use integrated optics for the further miniaturization of acousto-optic spectrometers are described. Bulk acousto-optic spectrometers with 300 MHz and 1 GHz bandwidths are being developed for use in the back-end of high-frequency heterodyne receivers for astronomical research.
Approximation of departure process from a G/M/1/0 queueing system

The departure (output) process from a (G/M/1/0) queueing system with a stationary counting arrival process, negative exponentially distributed service times, a single server, and no waiting room is approximated. The approximation is based on a two parameter method. Numerical results are presented and concluding remarks are discussed.
A Computational Study on Flame-Solid Radiative Interaction in Flame Spread Over Thin Solid-Fuel

A detailed, two-dimensional, laminar flame spread model over a thin solid is solved in both a normal gravity downward spread configuration and in a microgravity quiescent atmosphere configuration. The radiation transfer equation is solved using discrete ordinates methods. While flame radiation plays only a secondary role in normal gravity spread, it is crucial in microgravity By using the solid fuel total emittance and total absorptance as parameters, systematic computations have been performed to isolate the roles of flame radiative loss to the ambient, absorption of flame radiation by the solid and solid emission
Topological drinking problems

In my (2004) I argued that it is possible to drink any finite amount of alcohol without ever suffering a hangover by completing a certain kind of supertask. Assume that a drink causes drunkenness to ensue immedi ately and to last for a period proportional to the quantity of alcohol consumed; that a hangover begins immediately at the time the drunken ness ends and lasts for the same length of time as the drunkenness; and that at any time during which you are drunk you do not suffer any hangover you might have at that time. Starting at a time at which you are not drunk and not hung over, drink a half pint of beer. Wait until you are just about to get a hangover (30 minutes, say), and then drink a quarter pint. Wait until you are just about to get a hangover again, and then drink an eighth, and so on.... After an hour you have drunk a pint, and you do not have a hangover. Every hangover you incurred happened within the hour you spent drinking; but you were drunk that whole time, so you didn't suffer the hangovers. It seems that the old drunkard's method of a 'hair of the dog' can be effective in completely avoiding a hangover. Because, later on, I will need to contrast this supertask with others, it will be useful to have a more precise way of describing it one which states the pattern involved without any 'and so on's. The best way to do that is to use mathematical resources. The hangover cure can thus be described like this:
Temperature divergence of the dynamics of a poly(vinyl acetate) glass: Dielectric vs. mechanical behaviors

The dynamics of glass forming liquids as the glass transition temperature (Tg) is traversed has become of special interest because of the continuing question as to whether or not the dynamics diverge towards an ideal glass transition/Kauzmann temperature or if the apparent Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) divergence is lost as one goes below the conventional Tg but remains in equilibrium. Here we examine the response of a poly(vinyl acetate) PVAc polymer glass-former using both dielectric and mechanical methods in the vicinity of Tg. Isothermal measurements were performed to study the aging behavior of the PVAc and to assure that the equilibrium state was achieved for temperatures as much as 16 K below the calorimetric Tg. Surprisingly, we found that the mechanical response took much longer to age into its equilibrium than did the dielectric response. Also, the temperature dependence of the time-temperature shift factors obtained from the two methods is different and the dielectric response shows a turnover to an apparent Arrhenius behavior rather than a continuation of the VFT extrapolated divergence at the lowest temperatures tested.
Spectra and integrated band intensities of the low order OH stretching overtones in peroxyformic acid: an atmospheric molecule with prototypical intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

The gas phase spectra of several vibrational bands of peroxyformic acid (PFA), an atmospheric molecule exhibiting intramolecular hydrogen bonding, are presented. In the fundamental region, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is used to probe the C–O, O–H and C–H stretching vibrations, while in the region of the first and second OH-stretching overtones (2νOH and 3νOH) photoacoustic spectroscopy is used. Integrated absorption cross sections for the PFA vibrational bands are determined by comparing their respective peak areas with that for the OH-stretching bands of n-propanol for which the absorption cross section is known. The measured integrated intensities of the OH stretching bands are then compared with a local mode model using a one-dimensional dipole moment function in conjunction with the OH stretching potential computed at both the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ levels. The data allow us to investigate changes in the OH stretch band position and intensity as a function of overt...
Elements of Charismatic Persuasion and Healing

Therapeutic efficacy in religious healing is typically analyzed by extrapolating from ritual procedure to expected effect, without specifying conditions for success or failure in terms of the concrete experience of participants. Taking such experiential data as primary in therapeutic process should allow for definition of minimal conditions of therapeutic efficacy, including incremental change and inconclusive results. Two cases of Catholic Pentecostal ritual healing are discussed, with emphasis on participants' reports of therapeutic process. The analytic focus includes the orientation of participants within the healing system, their experience of the sacred, the negotiation of possibilities, and the actualization of change. Alongside the anthropological question of how meaning shapes the illness experience, I pose the clinical question: how may religious encounters influence an illness career? Consideration of these questions suggests that detailed experiential analysis of therapeutic process can lead to a more balanced and pragmatic conceptualization of healing than is available in studies that emphasize either ritual or clinical dimensions of healing.