cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing serotonin bioavailability alters gene expression in peripheral leukocytes and lymphoid tissues of dairy calves.

Dairy calves are born with a naive immune system, making the pre-weaning phase a critical window for immune development. In the U.S., 40-60% of dairy farms feed milk replacer to pre-weaned calves, which are devoid of bioactive factors with immunological roles. Serotonin is a bioactive factor with immunoregulatory properties naturally produced by the calf and present in milk. Human and rodent immune cells express the serotonin machinery, but little is known about the role of serotonin in the bovine immune system. Supplementing milk replacer with 5-hydroxytryptophan (serotonin precursor) or fluoxetine (reuptake inhibitor) increases serotonin bioavailability. We hypothesized that increased serotonin bioavailability promotes serotonergic signaling and modulates the expression of immune related genes in peripheral leukocytes and immune-related tissues of dairy calves. The present experiment targeted candidate genes involved in serotonin production, metabolism, transport, signaling and immune regulation. We established that bovine peripheral leukocytes express all known serotonin receptors, and can synthesize, uptake and degrade serotonin due to the expression of serotonin metabolism-related genes. Indeed, we showed that increasing serotonin bioavailability alters gene expression of serotonin receptors and immune-related genes. Further research will determine whether manipulation of the serotonin pathway could be a feasible approach to bolster dairy calves' immune system.
CEO's Capacity, Information Identification and the Succession of Family Firms

An option pricing model is constructed to reflect the relationship between the family firms’ successor choice and the influence factors, such as CEO's capacity and information identification. Data of listed family firms from 1998 to 2016 is used to test the results deduced by the model. The empirical results show that as the firms are more attractive for managers and the competition in the industry is fiercer, the capital market's information identification capacity is stronger, the probability for family firms to employ professional manager is higher. Our data show that the succession choice for family firms in China has changed since 2011. Before 2011, most firms were inherited by their family members. After 2011, professional managers were considered to be candidates. During the succession process, there is serious gender discrimination. If the next generation is male, the results remain constant. If the next generation is female, professional managers are preferred regardless of the attractiveness of the firms, the industry competition and the information identification capacity.
Clinical Decision Support for Diabetes Care in the Hospital: A Time for Change Toward Improvement of Management and Outcomes:

The increasing prevalence of diabetes permeates hospitals and dysglycemia is associated with poor clinical and economic outcomes. Despite endorsed guidelines, barriers to optimal management and gaps in care prevail. Providers' limitations on knowledge, attitudes, and decision-making about hospital diabetes management are common. This adds to the complexity of dispersed glucose and insulin dosing data within medical records. This creates a dichotomy as safe and effective care are key objectives of healthcare organizations. This perspective highlights evidence of the benefits of clinical decision support (CDS) in hospital glycemic management. It elaborates on barriers CDS can help resolve, and factors driving its success. CDS represents a resource to individualize care and improve outcomes. It can help overcome a multifactorial problem impacting patients' lives on a daily basis.
Endoscopic resection is more effective than biopsy or EUS to detect residual rectal neuroendocrine tumor.

Background and study aims Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often discovered incidentally and may be misidentified as adenomatous polyps. This can result in a partial resection at the index procedure, and lesions are often referred for staging or evaluation for residual disease at the resection site. The aim of this study was to identify the ideal method to confirm complete excision of small rectal NETs. Patients and methods Data from patients with a previously resected rectal NET referred for follow-up endoscopy or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate analysis was performed on categorical data using the Chi-squared test. Results Forty-nine patients with rectal NETs were identified by pathology specimens. Of those, 39 underwent follow-up endoscopy or EUS and were included. Baseline characteristics included gender (71 % F, 29 % M), age (57.2 ± 13.4 yrs) lesion size (7.3 ± 4.2 mm) and location. The prior resection site was identified in 37/39 patients who underwent tissue sampling. Residual NET was found histologically in 14/37 lesions. All residual disease was found during salvage endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and 43 % had a normal-appearing scar. Every patient undergoing EUS had an unremarkable exam. Initial cold biopsy polypectomy (P = 0.006), visible lesions (P = 0.001) and EMR/ESD of the prior resection site (P = 0.01) correlated with residual NET. Conclusions Localized rectal NETs may be incompletely removed with standard polypectomy. If an advanced resection is not performed initially, repeat endoscopy with salvage EMR or ESD of the scar should be considered. For small rectal NETs, biopsy may miss residual disease when there is no visible lesion and EUS appears to have no benefit.
Improving Learner-Computer Interaction through Intelligent Learning Material Delivery Using Instructional Design Modeling

This paper describes an innovative and sophisticated approach for improving learner-computer interaction in the tutoring of Java programming through the delivery of adequate learning material to learners. To achieve this, an instructional theory and intelligent techniques are combined, namely the Component Display Theory along with content-based filtering and multiple-criteria decision analysis, with the intention of providing personalized learning material and thus, improving student interaction. Until now, the majority of the research efforts mainly focus on adapting the presentation of learning material based on students' characteristics. As such, there is free space for researching issues like delivering the appropriate type of learning material, in order to maintain the pedagogical affordance of the educational software. The blending of instructional design theories and sophisticated techniques can offer a more personalized and adaptive learning experience to learners of computer programming. The paper presents a fully operating intelligent educational software. It merges pedagogical and technological approaches for sophisticated learning material delivery to students. Moreover, it was used by undergraduate university students to learn Java programming for a semester during the COVID-19 lockdown. The findings of the evaluation showed that the presented way for delivering the Java learning material surpassed other approaches incorporating merely instructional models or intelligent tools, in terms of satisfaction and knowledge acquisition.
Real-space Green’s functions for warm dense matter

Abstract Accurate modeling of the electronic structure of warm dense matter is a challenging problem whose solution would allow a better understanding of material properties like equation of state, opacity, and conductivity, with resulting applications from astrophysics to fusion energy research. Here we explore the real-space Green’s function method as a technique for solving the Kohn–Sham density functional theory equations under warm dense matter conditions. We find the method to be tractable and accurate throughout the density and temperature range of interest, in contrast to other approaches. Good agreement on equation of state is found when comparing to other methods, where they are thought to be accurate.
History of Methadone and Buprenorphine Opioid Agonist Therapy Among People Who Died of an Accidental Opioid-Involved Overdose: Rhode Island, January 1, 2018-June 30, 2020.

To guide intervention efforts, we identified the proportion of individuals previously engaged in opioid agonist therapy among people who died of an accidental opioid-involved overdose. Most individ...
Executive Insights: An Interview with William Rumpke, Jr., CEO, Rumpke Waste and Recycling

I interviewed William Rumpke, Jr., CEO of Rumpke Waste and Recycling based in Cincinnati, Ohio. As the world is creating more garbage and thus making disposal of waste a challenge world over, I discussed the way forward in terms of recycling with one of the awardees of the inaugural 20 Best Managed Companies by Deloitte Private and Wall Street Journal. Mr. Rumpke shared how Rumpke Waste and Recycling won this award, steps we can take as a society in managing waste, qualities he looks for in recent graduates and secret to managing a privately and fully family owned business with 3200 employees and revenue of $694 million in 2019. He also discusses the importance of perseverance and being proactive in maintaining good relationship with stakeholders in his industry.
Consequences of Picky Eating in College Students.

Abstract Objective To examine the relation between young adult picky eating (PE) and psychosocial outcomes (eg, social phobia, quality of life) and dietary intake. Design Cross-sectional study including demographic, quantitative, and qualitative measures. Participants Midwestern undergraduate convenience sample (n = 488) recruited early 2020. Main outcome measures Picky eating identity and bias internalization, social phobia, quality of life, and dietary intake. Analyses Pearson correlations were conducted among study variables. Independent t tests compared picky eaters and nonpicky eaters on key variables. Qualitative data were coded using content analysis. Results Picky eaters reported eating less fiber (t[445] = −3.51; P Conclusions and Implications Future research might explore additional factors that theoretically overlap with PE behavior (eg, other eating styles, disordered eating patterns) or play a role in PE (eg, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive difficulties). A greater understanding of these factors may lead to intervention to reduce PE in adults. In addition, validation of the PE identity and PE distress measures is essential for future use and to replicate this study's findings.
Duodenal Microbiome and Serum Metabolites Predict Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multicenter Cohort of Patients with Cirrhosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly increasing in the U.S. and is a leading cause of mortality for patients with cirrhosis. Discovering novel biomarkers for risk stratification of HCC is paramount. We examined biomarkers of the gut-liver axis in a prospective multicenter cohort. Patients with cirrhosis without a history of HCC were recruited between May 2015 and March 2020 and prospectively followed at 3 tertiary care hospitals in Los Angeles. Microbiome analysis was performed on duodenal biopsies and metabolomic analysis was performed on serum samples, collected at the time of enrollment. Optimal microbiome-based survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to determine microbiota and metabolite associations with HCC development, respectively. A total of 227 participants with liver cirrhosis contributed a total of 459.58 person-years of follow-up, with 14 incident HCC diagnoses. Male sex (HR = 7.06, 95% CI = 1.02–54.86) and baseline hepatic encephalopathy (HE, HR = 4.65, 95% CI = 1.60–13.52) were associated with developing HCC over follow-up. Adjusting for age, sex, baseline HE, and alkaline phosphatase, an increased risk of HCC were observed for participants with the highest versus lowest three quartiles for duodenal Alloprevotella (HR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.06–9.73) and serum taurocholic acid (HR = 6.87, 95% CI = 2.32–20.27), methionine (HR = 9.97, 95% CI = 3.02–32.94), and methioninesulfoxide (HR = 5.60, 95% CI = 1.84–17.10). Being in the highest quartile for Alloprevotella or methionine had a sensitivity and specificity for developing HCC of 85.71% and 60.56%, respectively, with an odds ratio of 10.92 (95% CI = 2.23–53.48). Alloprevotella and methionine, methioninesulfoxide, and taurocholic acid predicted future HCC development in a high-risk population of participants with liver cirrhosis.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase: Two Distinct Enzymes in One Polypeptide I. A PROTEOLYTIC FRAGMENT CONTAINING THE POLYMERASE AND 3' → 5' EXONUCLEASE FUNCTIONS

Proteolysis of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase (mol wt 109,000) yields two fragments: a large fragment (mol wt 76,000) which retains polymerase and 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activities, and a small fragment (mol wt 36,000) which retains only the 5′ → 3′ exonuclease activity. The large fragment has been obtained in two ways: by cleavage of the intact enzyme with subtilisin or other proteases, and by isolation from E. coli extracts, presumably after proteolysis had occurred in the extract. The large fragment carries out DNA synthesis on nicked double-stranded DNA without degradation of the strand ahead of the growing point, and catalyzes a 3′ → 5′ exonuclease action on both single- and doublestranded DNA with production of nucleoside monophosphates. The large fragment is inactive in unprimed poly[d(A-T)] synthesis, but catalyzes primed poly[d(A - T)] synthesis at a relatively linear rate generating poly[d(A-T)] molecules up to 10 µm in length. The single cysteine residue and the single disulfide group of the intact enzyme are retained in the large fragment as are the binding sites for a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate and a 3′-hydroxyl ribonucleotide (primer terminus).
A muscle receptor organ in the scorpion postabdomen

1. Information on the relative orientation of each of the muscles in scorpion postabdominal segment 3 is presented (Fig. 1). All main muscles insert on the posterior segment and are operational at the posterior joint. The receptor muscle, which lies in parallel with the extensor muscle, is stretched by posterior joint flexion, and released by extension. 2. Unilateral MRO stretch and release elicits bilateral reflex output to each of the muscles (Figs. 3, 4). Increased Aff. 2 input excites the motoneuron populations of the extensor, ventral lateral, dorsal lateral muscles and inhibits tonic flexor motoneuron discharge. MRO stretch reflexly excites the receptor muscle (Fig. 4). 3. Sensory and reflex data are combined to formulate a model of the role played by the scorpion MROs in postabdominal position control (Fig. 6). It appears that the receptor system is particularly well suited to stabilize postabdominal geometry in the dorso-ventral plane by independently resisting imposed flexion at each joint level.
Violence and PTSD in Mexico: gender and regional differences.

We examined the lifetime prevalence of violence in Mexico and how different characteristics of the violent event effect the probability of meeting criteria for lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We interviewed a probability sample of 2,509 adults from 4 cities in Mexico (Oaxaca, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, Merida) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Lifetime prevalence of violence was 34%. Men reported more single-experience, recurrent, physical, adolescent, adulthood, and stranger violence; women more sexual, childhood, family, and intimate partner violence. Prevalence was generally higher in Guadalajara, though the impact was greater in Oaxaca compared to other cities. Of those exposed, 11.5% met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Probabilities were highest after sexual and intimate partner violence, higher for women than men, and higher in Oaxaca than other cities. It is important to consider the characteristics and the context of violence in order to develop effective prevention and intervention programs to reduce the exposure to and impact of violence.
Identification of cellular proteins required for simian virus 40 DNA replication.

Study of the proteins involved in DNA replication of a model system such as SV40 is a first step in understanding eukaryotic chromosomal replication. Using a cell-free system that is capable of replicating plasmid DNA molecules containing the SV40 origin of replication, we conducted a series of systematic fractionation-reconstitution experiments for the purpose of identifying and characterizing the cellular proteins involved in SV40 DNA replication. In addition to the one viral-encoded replication protein, T antigen, we have identified and begun to characterize at least six cellular components from a HeLa cytoplasmic extract that are absolutely required for SV40 DNA replication in vitro. These include: (i) two partially purified fractions, CF IC and CF IIA, and (ii) four proteins that have been purified to near homogeneity, replication protein-A, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, DNA polymerase α-primase complex, and topoisomerase (I and II). Replication protein-A is a multi-subunit protein that has single-stranded DNA binding activity and is required for a T antigen-dependent, origin-dependent unwinding reaction which may be an important early step in initiation of replication. Fraction CF IC can stimulate this unwinding reaction, suggesting that it also may function during initiation. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, DNA polymerase α-primase, and CF IIA all appear to be involved in elongation of nascent chains.
Abstract W P239: Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter from Vehicular Exhaust Results in Progression of Brain Injury Following Experimental Stroke

Inflammation is believed to play an important role in the progression of acute stroke. Air pollution is a potent environmental source of inflammation and oxidative stress. We sought to examine the impact of inhalation of airborne particulate matter (PM) derived from urban traffic on the progression of brain injury following acute stroke. Urban PM was collected with a particle sampler situated near the CA-110 Freeway in Los Angeles. Collected aerosols represented a mix of fresh PM, predominantly from vehicular traffic. These samples were then distilled to pollutant nanoparticles (<200 nm) and re-aerosolized for administration to mice through exposure chambers. Adult mice were exposed to aerosolized PM (n=12) or filtered air (n=12) for forty-five cumulative hours and then underwent middle cerebral artery ischemia (35 minutes)/ reperfusion (I/R). Infarct volumes and neurological function were compared between mice exposed to PM and filtered air on postoperative day 1. Reperfusion was assessed by percent reco...
Option Versus Equity Compensation:The Effect of Investment Policy, Dividends and Bankruptcy

This study models the sensitivity of option versus equity compensation to changes in a firm’s investment risk, dividends and bankruptcy costs. Optimal executive compensation is determined by the Nash equilibrium of a two-player game in which the executive chooses the investment, financing and payout policies of the firm, while the shareholders set compensation policy. The model indicates that firms with higher investment risk and higher costs of bankruptcy will use relatively more equity compensation, while firms paying a higher dividend will use relatively more option compensation.
부정경쟁방지법과 상표법의 관계

Die eingetragenen bekannten Marken schutzen sich wiederholt von Warenzeichengesetz und Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb (UWG). Wenn sich einander aber die Regelungen der beiden Gesetze uber die gleiche Handlung widersprechen, soll das Warenzeichengesetz, das Sondergesetz ist, nach § 15 UWG angewendet werden. Die Anwendung des § 15 UWG wird aber ausgeschlossen, wenn die Anwendung des Warenzeichengesetzes unter Missbrauch des Rechts gehort. Die ein bekannte Marke der anderen unfair im voraus eintragende Handlung ist namlich als unlautere Wettbewerbshandlung nach UWG unzulassig. Aber um die Eintragung der Marke ungultig zu machen, muss man auch in diesem Fall die Regelung des Warenzeichengesetzes einhalten, die Zwangsregelung ist. Grundlich wird die Rechtsanderlung gefordert, der gemas auf die unlautere Benutzung der bekannten Marke ohne Anwendung des UWG nur das Warenzeichengesetz angewendet wird.
The effect of nematode parasitism on the osmolality and major cation concentration in the haemolymph of three larval mosquito species

Abstract Parasitism by a mermithid nematode, Romanomermis culicivorax , causes severe depletion of haemolymph carbohydrates and proteins in mosquito larvae. We undertook a study to determine if haemolymph osmolality and cation concentrations were affected also by mermithid parasitism. The haemolymph osmolality of R. culicivorax -infected and control Aedes taeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens fourth-instar larvae was not significantly different. However, the haemolymph osmolality decreased significantly in infected Anopheles quadrimaculatus . Each mosquito species demonstrated significant alterations in the haemolymph concentration of at least one cation when infected although the cation concentrations affected differed for each species. The changes observed were statistically significant but the magnitude of change was not great. Overall, despite the severe nutritional burden of the mermithid nematode, these species of mosquito larvae can continue to maintain osmoregulation.
Inverse Relationship Between Catenation and Superhelicity in Newly Replicated Simian Virus 40 Daughter Chromosomes

High resolution gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate an inverse relationship between catenation linking number and superhelicity in highly catenated simian virus 40 chromosomes caused by exposure to the topoisomerase II inhibitor ICRF-193. Since ICRF-193 does not unwind DNA, we conclude that the decreased superhelicity in catenated SV40 daughter chromosomes is a direct result of increased catenation. It is likely that catenation decreases superhelicity by interfering with the formation of nucleosomes. The absence of normal chromatin structure in regions of catenation may facilitate access to topoisomerase II under normal conditions. ICRF-193 does not prevent initiation of SV40 DNA replication.
Noninvasive Neutron Scattering Measurements Reveal Slower Cholesterol Transport in Model Lipid Membranes

Proper cholesterol transport is essential to healthy cellular activity and any abnormality can lead to several fatal diseases. However, complete understandings of cholesterol homeostasis in the cell remains elusive, partly due to the wide variability in reported values for intra- and intermembrane cholesterol transport rates. Here, we used time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering to measure cholesterol intermembrane exchange and intramembrane flipping rates, in situ, without recourse to any external fields or compounds. We found significantly slower transport kinetics than reported by previous studies, particularly for intramembrane flipping where our measured rates are several orders of magnitude slower. We unambiguously demonstrate that the presence of chemical tags and extraneous compounds employed in traditional kinetic measurements dramatically affect the system thermodynamics, accelerating cholesterol transport rates by an order of magnitude. To our knowledge, this work provides new insights into cholesterol transport process disorders, and challenges many of the underlying assumptions used in most cholesterol transport studies to date.
Mean and Fluctuating Radiation Properties of Nonpremixed Turbulent Carbon Monoxide/Air Flames

Mean and fluctuating spectral radiation intensities were measured for horizontal chordlike paths through turbulent nonpremixed carbon monoxide/air flames. Measurements in the 2700 nm radiation band of carbon dioxide revealed radiation fluctuations exceeding 50 percent in some locations even though mean radiation levels were not strongly influenced by turbulence/radiation interactions. Both time-independent and time-dependent stochastic simulations were developed to treat turbulence/radiation interactions as well as the temporal properties of flame radiation. The stochastic simulations were based on the laminar flamelet concept to relate scalar properties to mixture fracture, methods analogous to statistical time-series techniques to treat the probability density functions and spatial and temporal correlations of mixture fraction along the radiation path, and a narrow-band radiation model. The simulations yielded encouraging predictions of mean and fluctuating values, probability density functions, and temporal power spectra of spectral radiation intensities.
Availability and extraction of forest products in managed and primary forest around a Dayak village in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

We examined the density and abundance of marketable products in managed forest (rubber gardens, fruitgardens, and dry rice fallows) and in primary forest surrounding the Dayak village of Kembera near Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia We calculated the proportion of trees that were marketable and usefulfor local consumption by counting and identifying trees in each managedforest type, and we documented extraction ofproducts through interviews. Villagers harvestedfour marketable tree products: tengkawang seeds (Shorea stenoptera), durian fruits (various Durio spp.), rubber (Hevea brasilien- sis), and timber, especially Bornean ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri). We inventoried trees at least 20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) of marketed species from 0.4-ha plots in primary forest (n = 8) and from 0.1-ha plots in each managed forest type (n = 10-1 1). With the exception of timber, the density of trees producing a marketable product was significantly higher in theforest type managedfor thatproduct than the density of the marketed species, or of similar wild species, in primary forest Total abundance (product of density and available area) of durian and tengkawang was greater in primary forest; however, villagers gathered these products only from managed forest. We infer from this choice a greater efficiency of harvesting from trees in dense stands near the village. Historically, this choice resulted in deliberate development offruit gardens in preference or in addition to gathering from the more distant, primary forest Because of low product density in primary forest, extractive forest reserves or buffer zones designed to encourage the pro- duction of fruits such as tengkawang or durian may not provide a sufficient incentive for the protection of primary forest around Kembera and other Dayak villages near Gunung Palung National Park.
Molecular-orbital calculations on some mesoionic compounds

Molecular-orbital calculations have been performed on sydnone, sydnone imine, ψ-oxatriazole, and isosydnone rings and their positive ionized forms by the Pariser–Parr–Pople–Brown–Heffernan method. The importance of elaborate open-shell calculations and the effect of introducing nonneighbor core resonance integrals in this order of approximation are investigated. The available experimental data on closely related compounds are qualitatively in agreement with the calculated values. The computed charges and bond orders demonstrate that certain structural features are common to all five-membered mesoionic ring systems and in agreement with recent experimental findings. On a employe la methode de Pariser–Parr–Pople–Brown–Heffernan, pour calculer les orbitales moleculaires des anneausc de sydnone, de sydnone imine, de ψ-oxatriazole, et d'isosydnone et leurs formes ionisees positives. On a examine l'importance de faire des calculs de “couches ouvertes” et l'effet des integrales de resonance de coeur pour des centres non voisins, dans cette ordre d'approximation. Les donnees experimentales accessibles sur des composes semblables sont en accord qualitatif avec les valeurs calculees. Les indices de charge et de liaison, qui ont ete calcules, montrent qu'il y a des traits structuraux communs a tous les systemes mesoioniques a cinq membres, ce qui est en accord avec des donnees experimentales recentes. Pariser–Parr–Pople–Brown–Heffernan–Berechnungen wurden fur die Molekulorbitale der Ringe des Sydnons, des Sydnonimins, des ψ-Oxatriazols, und des Iso-Sydnons und deren positiven Ionen ausgefuhrt. Es wurde die Bedeutung “offener Schale”-Berechnungen und der Effekt der nichtbenachbarten Resonanzintegrale in dieser Annaherung untersucht. Die vorhandenseienden experimentellen Tatsachen fur verwandten Verbindungen stimmen mit den berechneten Werten qualitativ uberein. Die berechneten Ladungs- und Bindungs-ordnungen zeigen, dass gewisse Strukturzuge fur alle mesoionischen Ringsysteme mit funf Glieder gemeinsam sind, was mit neuen experimentellen Resultaten ubereinstimmt.
Hydroxyprolinemia and increased excretion of free hydroxyproline in early infancy.

Isotopic studies have indicated that the hydroxyproline excreted in urine is derived primarily from the degradation of collagen (1, 2), and that the excretion of hydroxyproline can be used as a measure of collagen metabolism (for reviews, see 3, 4). Normally, 95% or more of the hydroxyproline excreted in the urine of children and adults appears as peptides, and less than 5% is present as the free imino acid. No significant change in the ratio of free to peptide hydroxyproline in urine has been demonstrated in most conditions in which collagen degradation and the excretion of peptide hydroxyproline are increased (3, 4). The relatively small amounts of free hydroxyproline in urine are probably explained by the higher renal threshold for free hydroxyproline than for peptide hydroxyproline (5, 6) and by the rapid enzymatic degradation of free hydroxyproline to Δ-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylic acid and γ-hydroxy-l-glutamic acid (see 7). Recently, Efron et al. (7) have observed high levels of free hydroxyprol...
Study on the efficacy of nosocomial infection control (SENIC Project): results and implications for the future.

The purpose of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project) was to evaluate nosocomial infection prevention and control programs in hospitals in the United States. The ove
Granuloma annulare: a rare occipital lesion in infants and children

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare is a rare scalp lesion that occurs in infants and children. Occurrence in the occipital region, absence of bone involvement, slow growth, and foci of necrosis of collagen surrounded by palisading granulomatous inflammation are characteristic of this lesion. Although the cause remains unknown, it is not infectious and is more likely due to a defect in cell-mediated immunity. The prognosis after excision is excellent. Increased awareness that this peculiar granulomatous lesion can rarely occur in the soft tissue of the occipital region will help prevent confusion with neoplastic or infectious processes.
Stopping Power of L -Electrons

The Bethe theory of the energy loss of fast charged particles is extended to treat explicitly the stopping contribution of $L$-shell electrons. A summary of the effect of binding corrections on stopping power is given.
Decorated Boundaries Observed in Copper Electrodeposits

Analytical electron microscopy of copper electrodeposits obtained in the presence of a brightener reveals the presence of inclusions decorating grain boundary dislocations as well as being randomly dispersed in the matrix. The inclusions, which are believed to originate from the brightener, were found to be in two different size ranges with mean values of 3.5 and 15.2 nm. Their respective densities were . The inclusions exhibited a polyhedral shape and have been shown to interact with boundary dislocations. Energy dispersive spectroscopy has indicated that the inclusions were richer in Cl and S than the surrounding matrix.
Sterilization and Disinfection: What Every Dentist Needs to Know

This paper reviews infection control procedures with the related regulations and recommendations. Procedures for processing contaminated instruments include presoaking, cleaning, packaging, sterilization, spore-testing and hand-piece asepsis. Surface asepsis techniques include surface covering, surface precleaning and surface disinfection.
Work Setting And Behavior—An Empirical Examination Of Building Construction Work*

This paper will examine the relationship between the inanimate physical work setting of the building construction project and the behavior patterns of the building construction tradesmen who work there. A construction project is a unique variety of behavioral setting; it is a transitional work setting (Riemer, 1975a). Each day as the building progresses it changes in physical structure and provides a new basis from which to build. Building construction projects differ from factories or office buildings since workers are continually confronted with a changing work milieu. Most existing research has taken place in permanent work settings where the longitudinal interdependence of setting and worker behavior has been neglected. The transitional nature of the building construction project can best be portrayed by describing the more salient changes that occur during the phases of the building sequence. In the beginning of the “roughing phase” the site is leveled, surveyed and excavated. Concrete footings are poured and weight bearing columns and concrete block walls are raised on these footings. The basement is capped off (in this case with pre-cast concrete planks), and the rough carpentry work begins. The building is “framed out,” and plumbing, heating and electrical systems begin to be roughed in. Outside the building, the various “life line” systems (electric, gas, water, sewer, and telephone) are brought over and connected to the building. Once completed, the site is backfilled and leveled to finish grade. As the roughing phase continues, drywalling is installed creating the rooms and other internal regions of the building. When sewer and water linesare completed, the basement floor is leveled and poured with concrete. During this period the external walls and roof of the building are completed while the internal roughing work continues. Before the roughing work ends, the “finishing phase” begins. Walls are painted, telephones are installed and wallpaper is hung. Outside the landscapingis being done, and roadways are being completed. Electrical and plumbing fixtures are installed along with cabinets, carpeting and appliances. The final phase consists of testing and inspecting the systems of the new building and putting on the final touches of paint, stain and fretwork. When the last of the cleaning is complete, the building is complete. Just as the physical structure of the building changes from its inception to completion, so do the workers and the working conditions facing them. In the beginning of the “roughing phase” few workers are present on the site, and their working conditions are crude and primitive. Few basic conveniences are present
A stochastic model for anomalous diffusion in confined nano-films near a strain-induced critical point

Abstract A diffusive process is said to be anomalous if in any given direction the average square of the separation a particle experiences from its origin grows nonlinearly with time. Any diffusive process is anomalous if viewed on a short enough time scale, but interestingly, many diffusive processes remain anomalous over longer times. As a canonical example we study one such process here, diffusion in a laterally-confined nano-film as a function of the strain induced critical point. For this example we motivate and illustrate how a simple but novel process, Brownian motion run with a nonlinear clock (Bm-nlc), statistically mimics trajectories generated via Newton’s force law. The model is easily generalized to more complicated random processes and has application in many fields, including but not limited to, random conductivity field or terrain generation, Richardson turbulence in the atmosphere, and time dependent dispersion in hydrology.
The american labor movement and employee ownership: Objections to and uses of employee stock ownership plans

This paper analyzes the evolution of American unions’ attitudes and policies concerning employee ownership that coincided with the rapid growth of employee stock-ownership plans during the 1980s. From an initial position of opposing employee ownership and viewing it as a threat, many major unions have come to accept, and in some cases to promote, stock ownership for their members. Among the factors driving this change of view have been economic necessity, evidence that many of the labor movement’s traditional concerns about employee ownership are largely unfounded, and the growing realization among unions that employee ownership is a potentially useful strategic asset.
Exploring the Contribution of Virtual Worlds to Learning in Organizations.

Despite the growing interest of business executives, there is limited academic research on the contributions of virtual worlds to learning in organizations. We address this limitation by using a re...
Molecular hyperpolarizabilities. I. Theoretical calculations including correlation

Static polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities for molecules are investigated at the correlated level. The finite-field, coupled Hartree-Fock theory is used as a zeroth-order approximation, with correlation included by using the linked-diagram expansion and many-body perturbation theory, that includes single, double, and quadruple excitation diagrams. The theory is illustrated by studying the hydrogen fluoride molecule. It is demonstrated that the correlation effect for the hyperpolarizabilities $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ can be quite large. The average polarizability and dipole moment of HF are in excellent agreement with experiment. The relative importance of the various types of diagrams contributing to electric field properties are discussed. The dependence of the computed hyperpolarizability on basis sets is also investigated.
Finite Element Analysis Of Impact-Induced Transverse Waves In Rotating Beams

Abstract The objective of this investigation is to develop a finite element computational procedure for the analysis of impact-induced transverse waves in articulated mechanical and structural systems. This procedure is based on the generalized impulse momentum equations that involve the restitution condition. The accuracy of the finite element solution is established using a simple linear model which has a closed form solution. The use of the procedure developed in this investigation is demonstrated using a rotating beam subjected to transverse impacts. The dispersive nature of the transverse waves in rotating beams is examined, and it is shown that the phase velocities of the waves have different frequencies which depend non-linearly on the wavenumber as well as the angular velocity of the beam. Furthermore, as the angular velocity increases, the phase velocities of the transverse waves decrease and, in general, the finite rotation has more significant effect on the phase velocity of low frequency transverse waves as compared to the high frequency waves. The equations of motion that include the effect of the centrifugal forces resulting from the finite rotation of the elastic beam are developed using the principle of virtual work in dynamics. In order to establish the accuracy of the numerical procedure developed in this investigation, the solution obtained using the finite element method is compared with the solution obtained using the eigenfunction expansion. Numerical results show that there is a good agreement between the finite element and the eigenfunction solutions. However, these results indicate that for the same number of modes, the finite element solution propagates faster than the eigenfunction solution.
Optimal Bayes procedures for selecting the better of two Bernoulli populations

Abstract Let Π1 and Π2 be two Bernoulli populations with probabilities of success p1 and p2, respectively. In a recent paper Bechhofer and Kulkarni (1982) proposed a class of closed adaptive sequential procedures for the problem of selecting the population with the larger success probability. The procedures in this class achieve the same probability of correct selection, uniformly in (p1,p2), as does the single stage procedure of Sobel and Huyett (1957) which takes exactly n observations from each population. This paper considers the problem of selecting an optimal procedure within this class which minimizes the expected total number of observations under the assumption that p1 and p2 have independent prior Beta distributions. Recursion equations are derived which can be used to determine such an optimal procedure. Empirical procedures are described which are shown numerically to perform very well when compared with the optimal procedures. The class of empirical procedures for symmetric Beta priors is conjectured to be minimax within the class of procedures considered by Bechhofer and Kulkarni; strong arguments are presented to support this conjecture. The empirical procedure using uniform prior distributions for p1 and p2 is shown to have very desirable properties. The performance characteristics of this procedure are studied in detail, and based on these it is proposed as an attractive procedure to use in practice.
Tuning of Texture and Structure of Copper-Containing Nanocomposite Oxide Materials

For studies of textural tuning, structural tuning, or materials sintering, copper/aluminum and copper/zinc nanocomposite materials were prepared. Resistance to sintering of different phases was investigated. Thermal analysis methods were used to design feasible thermal treatment methods that can avoid destructive damages to gels. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption measurements were used for structural and textural analysis. Compared with the wide distributions of pore sizes and low surface areas of the products prepared via conventional coprecipitation methods, a novel urea-gelation/thermal-modification method was developed to produce CuO/Al2O3 nanocomposites with narrow distributions of pore sizes and high surface areas. In comparison with the products of conventional coprecipitation methods, this novel urea-gelation/thermal-modification method produces copper/aluminum nanocomposites with significantly higher specific copper loading, which should be valuable in apparatus that have space limitations,...
The Dynamical Function of the Tympanic Membrane and Its Associated Ossicles.

of this note is to point out that the principle of microscopic reversibility can be regarded at the present time only as an unproved assumption. Although closely connected with the second law of thermodynamics, it cannot be derived therefrom. Lewis's attempted derivation with the help of the notion of catalytic acceleration is not convincing, since there is no reason why catalysts should not have the property of producing compensatory increases in the rates of the steps of a cyclical process. It would seem as if the postulate were a useful one, leading often at least to correct results. Nevertheless the best formulation of the principle and the precise range of its validity are matters for the future to determine.
AHRQ Series Paper 5: Grading the strength of a body of evidence when comparing medical interventions—Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Effective Health-Care Program

Objective: To establish guidance on grading strength of evidence for the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program of the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Study Design and Setting: Authors reviewed authoritative systems for grading strength of evidence, identified domains and methods that should be considered when grading bodies of evidence in systematic reviews, considered public comments on an earlier draft, and discussed the approach with representatives of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. Results: The EPC approach is conceptually similar to the GRADE system of evidence rating; it requires assessment of four domains: risk of bias, consistency, directness, and precision. Additional domains to be used when appropriate include doseeresponse association, presence of confounders that would diminish an observed effect, strength of association, and publication bias. Strength of evidence receives a single grade: high, moderate, low, or insufficient. We give definitions, examples, mechanisms for scoring domains, and an approach for assigning strength of evidence. Conclusion: EPCs should grade strength of evidence separately for each major outcome and, for comparative effectiveness reviews, all major comparisons. We will collaborate with the GRADE group to address ongoing challenges in assessing the strength of
SU-FF-T-68: Conformal Target Versus Conformal Avoidance IMRT in Patients with Prostate Cancers

Purpose: To compare conformal avoidance IMRT with conformal target IMRT for the radiotherapy of prostate cancers. Method and Materials: Twenty patients with prostate cancer who underwent IMRT were selected for this study. For comparison, five plans were generated for each patient with different emphasis on conformal target or conformal avoidance: very conformal target IMRT plan (Plan I, maximum weights for targets and least weights for OARs), conformal target IMRT plan (Plan II, maximum weights for targets and relatively small weights for OARs), balanced IMRT plan (Plan III, maximum weights for targets and medium weights for OARs), conformal avoidance IMRT plan (Plan IV, maximum weights for targets and relatively large weights for OARs) and very conformal avoidance IMRT plan (Plan V, maximum weights for both targets and OARs). All the five plans were designed to deliver 66.6 Gy (prescription dose) to 100% of the CTV. Results: The target dose coverage became worse as plan changed from very conformal target to very conformal avoidance, as 100% isodose line cut more and more through PTV adjacent to rectum. On the other hand, the rectum sparing increased at the same time, due to the increased emphasis on the avoidance of OARs. Overall, all the five plan schemes achieved the goal of delivering 66.6 Gy to the whole CTV. However, Plan IV was slightly better than the rest of plans in terms of largest CTV V100 (99.90%), best homogeneity in CTV dose distributions (smallest difference between Dmax and Dmin) and smallest Rectum D25 (58.88 Gy). Conclusion: For prostate IMRT, practicing conformal avoidance in inverse planning process can achieve better target dose coverage and homogeneity, as well as larger critical structure sparing.