cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ripple Concentration and Friction Factor

Flow over ripples in alluvial channels is essentially the same as the flow over rigid roughness elements, the main difference lying only in the shapes of the ripples and roughness elements. The total friction factor is the summation of grain-roughness friction factor and form-roughness friction factor. Nikuradse’s formula for grain-roughness friction factor is found to be satisfactory in determining the value of grain-roughness friction factor for the flow in alluvial channels. The form-roughness friction factor is proportional to the “exposure parameter” and inversely proportional to mean relative height of the ripples. And, it is also proportional to the coefficient of expansion loss, which is found to be a function of the mean relative height of the ripples.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and its prevention.

Whether likened to a "changeling demon" [1] or to the "troll of transplantation" [2], the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has long been known to exact a heavy toll on morbidity and mortality rates among newborn children and immunosuppressed individuals. A recent analysis by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences placed the development of a vaccine against HCMV in its highest category of priority: vaccines that would actually save money for society once they were applied [3]. The same conclusion was reached in a previous analysis [4]. The fact that, throughout the world, an average of -1% of all infants are infected with HCMV in utero is not widely appreciated, nor are the sequelae of deafness and mental retardation. This ignorance probably derives from the late detection of most of the sequelae, aside from the occasional classic case of "cytomegalic inclusion disease" and the difficulty of confirming by virological or serological analysis the relation between those sequelae and intrauterine infection. Never-
It Is Difficult to Compare Apples to Oranges: Acute and Chronic Type B Aortic Dissections, Complicated and Uncomplicated, Are Different and Should Be Treated as Such

See related article on pages 106–112. Hata et al assessed the midterm outcomes of 2 types of open surgical repair for type B dissecting aortic aneurysm (BDA): left thoracotomy using Dacron graft and median sternotomy under circulatory arrest with stent implantation. Their report covers a 4-year period in which 86 patients with BDA underwent open repair. Their cohort included 4 patients with an “impending rupture,” a term that is vague, subjective, and nondescriptive. For 68 patients in whom the false lumen was patent or the aneurysm extended for “quite a long segment” of the descending or the thoracoabdominal aorta, repair was completed via a left posterolateral thoracotomy (at the third and fifth intercostal spaces) with femoral-femoral cardiopulmonary bypass “with an assist rate of 50%.” For these cases, they performed selective blood perfusion for the celiac axis and both the renal arteries and reconstructed the intercostal arteries at the T12-L1 level, but a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drain was not used. The second open repair technique used was open stent implantation via median sternotomy, with circulatory arrest induced at a rectal temperature of 281C and no cerebral perfusion. The procedure was performed in 18 patients in whom the false lumen was thrombosed and the aneurysm was located around the distal arch. The authors stated that they trimmed the proximal side of the graft and then continuously sutured the graft around the orifice of the left subclavian artery. This technique was originally described in 1997 by the Brazilian pioneer surgeon Enio Buffolo and colleagues for the treatment of acute type B aortic dissection by using an endoprosthesis (elephant trunk). In the study by Hata et al, 1.2% of patients (n1⁄4 1) had a stroke and none had temporary neurology dysfunction or paraplegia. The operative mortality rate was 1.2% (1 patient died of a type A acute dissection after undergoing left thoracotomy, the first open
A Revision of Eleodes Subgenus Litheleodes Blaisdell (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Litheleodes Blaisdell, a subgenus of Eleodes Eschscholtz, is reviewed with diagnoses, distributions, and nomenclatural notes for the nine included species. A type species, Blaps extricata Say, is herein designated, and the subgeneric definition is updated to differentiate it from related subgenera. The species, distributed over the western USA and adjacent parts of Canada and Mexico, are keyed and illustrated.
Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors

This paper presents CMP Cooperative Caching, a unified framework to manage a CMP's aggregate on-chip cache resources. Cooperative caching combines the strengths of private and shared cache organizations by forming an aggregate "shared" cache through cooperation among private caches. Locally active data are attracted to the private caches by their accessing processors to reduce remote on-chip references, while globally active data are cooperatively identified and kept in the aggregate cache to reduce off-chip accesses. Examples of cooperation include cache-to-cache transfers of clean data, replication-aware data replacement, and global replacement of inactive data. These policies can be implemented by modifying an existing cache replacement policy and cache coherence protocol, or by the new implementation of a directory-based protocol presented in this paper. Our evaluation using full-system simulation shows that cooperative caching achieves an off-chip miss rate similar to that of a shared cache, and a local cache hit rate similar to that of using private caches. Cooperative caching performs robustly over a range of system/cache sizes and memory latencies. For an 8-core CMP with 1MB L2 cache per core, the best cooperative caching scheme improves the performance of multithreaded commercial workloads by 5-11% compared with a shared cache and 4-38% compared with private caches. For a 4-core CMP running multiprogrammed SPEC2000 workloads, cooperative caching is on average 11% and 6% faster than shared and private cache organizations, respectively.
Evaluation of a Model Self-Help Telephone Program: Impact on Natural Networks

A study of a model telephone network program for caregivers of Alzheimer's disease victims considered its impact on caregivers' use of informal supports as well as perceived social supports, mental health, burden, and information about Alzheimer's disease. Participants were randomly assigned to a peer telephone network or an informational lecture series accessed over the telephone, and then they were reassigned to the alternative component after three months. Time series analysis of variance group-by-time interactions showed that participants learned more while listening to informational tapes and contacted family and friends more while waiting to enter a peer network. Program benefits seen after the first three months (reduced psychological distress, increased support satisfaction, and perceived social support) leveled off or declined during the second three months. Additionally, caregiver burden and social conflict increased during the second three months. This erosion of benefits suggests that program entry may be the period of maximum program receptivity or that overload of family networks created conflict.
Moral Relativism and Moral Realism

Gilbert Harman has recently distinguished three different kinds of moral relativism.1 One form of moral relativism Harman calls moral judg ment relativism (MJR). It is the view that all "moral judgments contain an implicit reference to the speaker or some other person or group or certain moral standards, etc." Harman never says what he means by "implicit reference," but he does say that an ideal observer theorist who thinks "It would be wrong to do X" means the same as "If I were normal, impartial, and fully informed, I should feel obligated not to perform X" would be an example of a moral judgment relativist.2 He also says that an emotivist and an existentialist who holds that each person is subject only to the principles that person accepts are not moral judgment relativists. Presumably what Fred Feldman calls naive subjective naturalism (NSN) and conceptual relativism (CR) would be kinds of moral judgment relativism. The former is roughly the view that "X is good" means what a person means when he says, "I have a positive interest in X"; the latter, the view that "Act A is morally right" is either meaningless or short for "Act A is morally right according to (or for) S," where S is some subject, society or standard.3 What is common to the ideal observer theory which Harman discusses, NSN and CR is that they all are accounts of what ethical sentences mean and they all claim that ethical sentences are equivalent in meaning to sentences which make essential reference to some subject, society or stan dard. The reason the emotivist and existentialist Harman discusses are not
Strain and Tilt Changes Associated With the Stone Canyon Earthquake of Sep. 4, 1972

Strainmeters and tiltmeters near the magnitude 4.7 Stone Canyon earthquake of September 4, 1972, recorded strain and tilt steps during the earthquake, followed by a creep-like episode of one hour9s duration.
OSMOTIC AND RESPIRATORY BEHAVIOR OF SURVIVING RAT LIVER CELLS.

SummaryNuclear and total cell volume changes have been studied as a function of extracellular osmotic gradients in respiring rat liver slices. The nucleus and intact cell respond approximately as osmometers in a manner suggesting that the intracellular water activity is the same in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. A mean increase of 37.2% or a mean decrease of 22.3% of cell water volume did not significantly change the cell O2 uptake when compared with cell O2 uptake at isotonicity although the O2 uptake was significantly increased in cells respiring in hypertonic solutions when compared with cells respiring in hypotonic solutions.
The DARPA/Air Force Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) Program

The Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) System Demonstration Program is a joint Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) / U.S. Air Force / Boeing effort to demonstrate the technical feasibility, military utility, and operational value for a UCAV system to effectively and affordably prosecute 21 century lethal and non-lethal Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) and strike missions within the emerging global command and control architecture. Two X-45A technology demonstrators are currently verifying the core functionality of the software necessary for these and related missions. Block 1 testing has been completed and the vehicles are now beginning check-out for the key demonstrations of multi-vehicle coordinated operations. Through successive builds of software capability, the X-45As will demonstrate the technical feasibility of the UCAV system. This software will then be ported to more operationally representative demonstrators and enhanced for future iterations, in order to rapidly field capabilities to support the warfighters’ incremental desired effects. The UCAV program is focused on rapidly fielding a weapon system that integrates distributed adaptive control technology and robust communications with a next generation unmanned stealth platform. Once fielded, the UCAV will be a revolutionary force enabler for affordable 21 century airpower. The promise and progress of the UCAV weapon system is presented, as well as a short overview of early combat Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the first hundred years of flight.
Application of the localized dynamic subgrid-scale model to turbulent wall-bounded flows

Large-eddy simulation of various turbulent wallbounded flows such as turbulent plane Couette flows, recirculating flows, and separated flows has been carried out using the localized dynamic subgrid-scale model. The applicability and the capability of the model in predicting the complicated features of turbulent wall-bounded flows have been tested. The results show good agreement with existing computational and experimental data.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Putting Theory into Practice

ion and generalization. The second continues a focus on self-reflection by 1Montclair State University, USA 356 Business Communication Quarterly 75(4) teachers and students, as the authors recommend that teachers use more active, inductive instruction in the classroom and a student-centered approach, using classroom examples implemented in a required, college-level business communication course. The approach described required students to reflect metacognitively about communication, first in writing and then by visually depicting the process. Our third article reports the results of exercises in which members of a dysfunctional multicultural class were assigned to teams and given a task to perform in an anonymous, virtual-team setting, as well as in a real-team setting, with the result that students contributed in a much more balanced manner. Our final feature article describes research on organizational and supervisory apologies, demonstrating how an offense committed by an organization is perceived to be more egregious than an offense committed by a friend or supervisor. The themed section in this issue addresses interpersonal communication in the workplace, which is described as a “largely unexplored region”; the articles in this section suggest that organizations have not developed methods for measuring the long-term value of training in interpersonal skills. The section editor concludes that business communication curricula at the baccalaureate and postbacalaureate level would be well served by including an interpersonal skills component. We are at the end of another volume, and so I would like to take this opportunity to formally recognize all those who have helped contribute to another successful year of BCQ: Section Editors Marilyn Dyrud, Sam DeKay, Joel Whalen, and Rebecca Worley; Editorial Assistant Jim Maciukenas; and Book Review Editor Patty Keefe Durso; ABC headquarters staff and Publications Board; and everyone on the SAGE team. Our reviewers are to be commended for the phenomenal work they have done in providing the superb reviews for which BCQ is well known, thereby helping all our present and future authors. Finally, I want to offer special thanks to our Production Editor Erin Walsh, who has been enormously helpful at every stage of the editorial process, from manuscript to print.
Tangential developable surfaces as bonnet surfaces

We study the real Bonnet surfaces which accept one unique nontrivial isometry that preserves the mean curvature, in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. We give a general criterion for these surfaces and use it to determine the tangential developable surfaces of this kind. They are determined implicitly by elliptic integrals of the third kind. Only the tangential developable surfaces of circular helices are explicit examples for which we completely determine the above unique nontrivial isometry.
Following Their Children into Battle: Women at War in Paraguay, 1864-1870

Ella impulso a su hermano a la pelea, ella siguio a sus hijos al combate… En medio de la noche, su silueta se destaco en el campo funerario de la batalla, pues buscaba, inquieta el cuerpo de su amor entre el osario. E igual que con su esposo compartiera el talamo nupcial en la morada, con su esposo cayo, fiel companera, en el lecho mortal de la jornada. She encouraged her brother to fight she followed her children into combat… In middle of the night, her silhouette stood out in the funeral battlefield for she was restlessly searching for the body of her love in the burial grounds. And just as she had shared the nuptial bed with her husband in the shelter of their home, with her husband, she fell, faithful companion, on the death bed of the day's journey. From “La mujer paraguaya,” written in 1899 by a Paraguayan poet, Ignacio A. Pane.
Lossy Compression for Wireless Seismic Data Acquisition

In this paper, we rigorously compare compressive sampling (CS) to four state of the art, on-mote, lossy compression algorithms [ $K$ -run-length encoding (KRLE), lightweight temporal compression (LTC), wavelet quantization thresholding and run-length encoding (WQTR), and a low-pass filtered fast Fourier transform (FFT)]. Specifically, we first simulate lossy compression on two real-world seismic data sets, and we then evaluate algorithm performance using implementations on real hardware. In terms of compression ratios, recovered signal error, power consumption, on-mote execution runtime, and classification accuracy of a seismic event detection task (on decompressed signals), results show that CS performs comparable to (and in many cases better than) the other algorithms evaluated. A main benefit to users is that CS, a lightweight and nonadaptive compression technique, can guarantee a desired level of compression performance (and thus, radio usage and power consumption) without subjugating recovered signal quality. Our contribution is a novel and rigorous comparison of five state of the art, on-mote, lossy compression algorithms in simulation on real-world data sets and in implementations on hardware.
Construction and operation of an open-circuit indirect calorimetry system for small ruminants.

An open-circuit indirect respiration calorimetry system for the collection of long-term metabolic heat production data for medium and small animals is described. The system is designed for use with small ruminants, but it has the capacity for measuring heat production in nonruminant species up to 150 kg. The system consists of an internal climatic control system, air flow control and volume measuring system, and gas analyzers for O2, CO2 and CH4. Carbon dioxide recovery checks of the four chambers produced recovery values ranging from 96.73 to 100.89%. The actual mean fasting heat production measured for 12 wether sheep was 63.13 kcal/kg.75 +/- .83. The total estimated cost of four chambers and the associated instrumentation was less than $17,000 in 1984.
The questiones and countermeasure analysis on non-regular employment in Our countries

The non-regular employment proposed for the first time from 1996 in our country Shanghai that already underwent several year development.Although the cities non-regular employment alleviated our country's employment pressure to a certain extent,but simultaneously also has brought a series of questions,the country should propose the solution countermeasure promptly.
Teaching the Art of Empathic Interviewing to Third–Year Medical Students using a Fairy Tale—“The Prince Who Turned into a Rooster”

Can empathy be taught? How can we protect the embryonic forms of empathy germinating in our medical students? Can we immunize them against the ravages to their humanism, astutely observed to occur by Henry Silver, Dean of the University of Colorado in 1982, when he published his clear-sighted commentary, Medical Students and Medical School (Silver, 1982; Krugman, 2008). Although studies show that empathy is damaged during medical school, the author proposes that empathic growth through medical school might be possible if enlightened teaching methods are implemented by governing boards, such as the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), The Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The author shares a novel teaching method adapted from a technique used by child psychiatrists, storytelling.
Reflections from the global health front: a medical mission to Honduras.

I considered snapping a picture on my camera phone of the Dunkin’ Donuts sign at the Tegucigalpa airport, marveling at how American culture had managed to spread its tentacles all the way to Honduras. As we loaded our luggage into six enormous pickup trucks, 10 percent personal belongings and 90 percent supplies for our brigades, I waited for the moment when it became clear that I had entered the Third World. Certainly, Tegucigalpa was like no capital city I had ever seen before: no subways, no skyscrapers, no businessmen clutching their lattes. But what I saw of the city also did little to uphold my stereotype of a developing nation: no vagabonds, no gang fights, no bonfires made of newspaper to endure the freezing nights (we were, after all, in Central America).
Bilateral Anterior Uveitis Associated with Nivolumab Therapy.

A 66-year-old woman with a past ocular history of presbyopia presented for evaluation of 2 months of blurred vision and red eyes. She denied ocular irritation, discharge, tearing or preauricular ly...
Band and Transport Theories in Solids

Within the necessarily limited lecture schedule at the Winter School the author attempted to cover a few fundamental topics rather than to provide a rapid-fire survey of the entire area. The coverage is highly selective and the approach extremely elementary. It is hoped that this material will stimulate the reader to study the subject matter again on his own with the degree of rigor which it deserves, and to proceed to other areas not covered in these notes.
Abnormal Activities in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits in Movement Disorders

A major challenge in basal ganglia research is identifying the specific changes in motor circuit activities that are functionally linked to the motor symptoms associated with movement disorders. Early models of the basal ganglia network provided a useful framework for predicting how loss of dopamine, as occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD), might affect motor function through changes in firing rates in basal ganglia output. These predictions led to the use of deep-brain stimulation techniques for treatment of PD and, subsequently, to indications that changes in firing patterns as well as firing rates might be critical to the emergence of motor symptoms. These observations have encouraged investigation of the functional role of abnormal oscillatory activity in cortico-basal ganglia circuits in the symptomology of movement disorders. However, the processes underlying the emergence of synchronized activity in basal ganglia circuits and its significance in normal and disease states are still matters of debate.
Combinatorial Targeting of BCL6 and Anti-Apoptotic Proteins in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and Follicular Lymphoma (FL)

Abstract 64 BCL6 represents a survival factor in DLBCL and FL since specific BCL6 inhibitors (i.e: the peptidomimetic RI-BPI and the small molecule 79-6) kill DLBCL and transformed FL (tFL) cell lines. Our group showed that BCL2 and other anti-apoptotic genes are transcriptionally repressed by BCL6 and could be reactivated upon treatment with RI-BPI or 79-6. We also showed that BCL6 and BCL2 control distinct and non-overlapping survival pathways in these lymphomas. This suggests that blocking the function of anti-apoptotic proteins might overcome any resistance that these proteins might mediate in response to BCL6 inhibition. In addition, constitutive expression of BCL2 has been observed in DLBCL and FL cases. We therefore hypothesized that targeting both BCL6 and BCL2 would eliminate two of the most potent survival mechanisms and would translate in synergistic killing of these lymphomas. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the proteome-wide consequence of BCL6 inhibition in a DLBCL cell line (SU-DHL6) transfected with siBCL6 by phospho-protein arrays. We found that 280 unique proteins changed their abundance after siBCL6, 40 of them related to (pro and anti) apoptosis signaling (p In sum, our work shows that pharmacologic targeting of anti-apoptotic pathways induced by inhibition of BCL6 activity successfully sensitized DLBCL and tFL cells to apoptosis. This effect was evident in cells in which the apoptosis resistant mechanism evolved as response to BCL6 inhibition and gene de-repression as well as those with constitutive overexpression of anti-apoptotic genes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Relationship between ankle frontal plane kinematics during different functional tasks

Increased inversion following lateral ankle sprain and in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) is thought to contribute to recurrent injury and feelings of instability, however, there are no biomechanic assessment tools readily available to evaluate for excessive inversion prior to or following lateral ankle sprains. Before establishing a clinically useful biomechanic assessment tool, it is important to understand whether there is a relationship in the extent of ankle frontal plane motion across various tasks to help determine if one task or a combination of tasks would be most appropriate when evaluating patients. The purpose of this preliminary study was to analyze the relationship between ankle frontal plane kinematics during walking, step-down, and jump-landing tasks. Fifty-six recreationally active adults (gender=M:26;F:30, age=21.2±3.2, height=171.3±8.0cm, mass=75.6±15.4) volunteered. Main outcome measures were ankle frontal plane motion at initial contact and peak inversion during aerial phases across 3 tasks (walking, step-down, and jump-landing). Relationships between ankle frontal plane kinematics were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r). There were strong correlations in peak inversion during the aerial phase between the step-down and walking (r=0.68; p<0.001) and step-down and jump-landing (r=0.75; p<0.001) and at initial contact between step-down and walking (r=0.73; p<0.001) and step-down and jump-landing (r=0.72; p<0.001). Moderate correlations were identified during aerial (r=0.32; p=0.015) and at initial contact (r=0.46; p<0.001) between walking and jump-landing. The strong relationship between the amount of inversion exhibited across various tasks suggest that a single evaluation test may be sufficient in the identification of abnormal ankle biomechanics.
Therapeutic Uses of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Publisher Summary The chapter describes the rationale for therapies in Alzheimer's disease (AD), aspects of their application to clinical disease, and what is learned from the effects of the drugs in neurodegenerative disease. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases are the most pressing need in modern clinical neurological practice. The multifactorial nature of the etiology of sporadic AD seems to imply a likelihood that the most effective treatment strategies will target several or many of these processes. Indeed, many models of the progression of AD invoke self-reinforcing cycles of cerebral damage that may be checked in part at any one of a number of steps, but that may be best approached by therapeutic strategies that target multiple aspects of disease pathogenesis. Definitive experimental evidence of a role of ACh in the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative disease may prove elusive, and perhaps unambiguously manifest only in the context of cotreatments with AChEIs and agents that target other aspects of disease. The symptomatic effects of AChEIs alone dictate that they will remain important treatments for AD.
Abstract 4270: Family history in first degree relatives and risk of gastric cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study

Background: Studies of the familial associations of gastric cancer risk have largely been limited to case-control approaches which are susceptible to recall bias and cannot distinguish temporality. Furthermore, associations with family history could be explained by shared exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection, the most important environmental risk factor for gastric cancer. Notably, the risks of early onset disease and diffuse-type tumors are thought to have a greater genetic component. We therefore examined in a prospective study the associations of gastric cancer risk with history of gastric cancer in first degree relatives, controlling for H. pylori infection. Methods: We selected 405 incident gastric cancer cases and 4,129 controls with known H. pylori serology status from the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study among male smokers aged 50-69 at baseline. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using logistic regression with adjustment for H. pylori and other potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Family history of gastric cancer was associated with increased risk (OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.32-2.58). The association appeared stronger with gastric cancer in siblings (OR=2.87, 95% CI=1.64-5.03) than with gastric cancer in parents (OR=1.53, 95% CI=1.05-2.24). Distinguishing cases by anatomic subsite, the family history association was significant for noncardia gastric cancer (n=305; OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.50-3.07), but not for cardia cancer (n=100; OR=1.25, 95% CI=0.63-2.49). With regard to histological subtype, family history was significantly associated with both diffuse-type (n=90; OR=2.12, 95% CI=1.10-4.12) and intestinal-type (n=153; OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.02-2.83) gastric cancer. In age-specific analyses, the association with family history was strongest in the youngest age-group at baseline 50-54 years (OR=3.42, 95% CI=1.85-6.30) and absent in the oldest age group 65-69 years (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.28-2.58). Conclusion: The results suggest that certain subtypes of sporadic gastric cancer are strongly associated with family history of gastric cancer. These associations do not appear to be explained by the associations with H. pylori infection. Citation Format: Minkyo Song, Maria Constanza Camargo, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Demetrius Albanes, Charles S. Rabkin. Family history in first degree relatives and risk of gastric cancer in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4270. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4270
Aerodynamic levitation, supercooled liquids and glass formation

Containerless processing or ‘levitation’ is a valuable tool for the synthesis and characterization of materials, particularly at extreme temperatures and under non-equilibrium conditions. The metho...
Dramatic Acceleration of an Acyl Transfer-Initiated Cascade by Using Electron-Rich Amidine-Based Catalysts

A tandem rearrangement of α,β-unsaturated thioesters into tricyclic ene-lactones fails with conventional amidine-based catalysts, but becomes possible when their electron-rich analogs are employed. A highly diastereo- and enantioselective version of this process has been developed using H-PIP 1b, a chiral catalyst prepared over a decade ago, but never utilized since its disclosure.
Forest Economics, Natural Disturbances and the New Ecology

The major thesis of this chapter is that the economic analysis of forest disturbances will be enhanced by linking economic and ecologic models. Although we only review a limited number of concepts drawn generally from mathematical and empirical ecology, the overarching theme we present is that ecological models of forest disturbance processes are complex and not particularly well-behaved from an economic perspective. We discover that standard concepts in the economists' tool kit, such as asymptotic equilibrium and convex production, may not adequately represent the dynamic behavior of forest disturbances. Consequently, other tools for economic analysis will be required. This chapter proceeds by first sketching out the economic problems deriving from the peculiar temporal and spatial dynamics associated with forest disturbances (section 2). Then we provide a brief overview of select topics in ecologicalliterature supporting the view that some important forest disturbances exhibit multipleor non-equilibrial processes and that, additionally, stochastic factors induce high variation in the spatial pattern of disturbance production (section 3). These themes are illustrated by reviewing two models: (1) the classic spruce budworm model of pest outbreak, demonstrating how the interaction of slow and fast ecosystem variables cause multiple equilibria (section 4), and (2) a cellular automata model of forest fires, which demonstrates how the local interaction of stochastic processes can generate the emergence of unconventional spatial signatures at larger spatial scales (section 5). The chapter ends with a summary of the main points and some suggestions for future research (section 6).
The Seismic Signature of Debris Flows: Flow Mechanics and Early Warning at Montecito, California

Debris flows are concentrated slurries of water and sediment that shape the landscape and pose a major hazard to human life and infrastructure. Seismic ground motion‐based observations promise to provide new, remote constraints on debris flow physics, but the lack of data and a theoretical basis for interpreting them hinders progress. Here we present a new mechanistic physical model for the seismic ground motion of debris flows and apply this to the devastating debris flows in Montecito, California on 9 January 2018. The amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic data can distinguish debris flows from other seismic sources and enable the estimation of debris‐flow speed, width, boulder sizes, and location. Results suggest that present instrumentation could have provided 5 min of early warning over limited areas, whereas a seismic array designed for debris flows would have provided 10 min of warning for most of the city.
Suggesting email view filters for triage and search

Growing email volumes cause flooded inboxes and swelled email archives, making search and new email processing difficult. While emails have rich metadata, such as recipients and folders, suitable for creating filtered views, it is often difficult to choose appropriate filters for new inbox messages without first examining messages. In this work, we consider a system that automatically suggests relevant view filters to the user for the currently viewed messages. We propose several ranking algorithms for suggesting useful filters. Our work suggests that such systems quickly filter groups of inbox messages and find messages more easily during search.
98 ASCITES IN THE POST-LIVER TRANSPLANT SETTING.

Background Orthotopic liver transplantation is one of the most important treatments for people with cirrhosis of the liver. The 5-year survival in most centers around the United States is over 85%. As with any surgery, complications are expected to arise from time to time. One of the more important complications of OLT is post-transplant ascites. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of 51 random patients who underwent liver transplantation at our institution over a 5-year period was undertaken. Data were collected on the presence of ascites post transplant, etiology of liver disease, and gender. The presence of abdominal fluid on ultrasonography or examination was considered as positive. Those with a lack of fluid or with trace amounts were considered to not have any ascites. We identified those patients who had alcohol as the sole cause of pretransplant liver disease. We then used Fisher9s exact t-test to compare the presence and absence of pretransplant alcohol in those with and with out post-transplant ascites. Results Fifty-one patients with OLT were identified, 37 of whom were men. Thirty-six of 51 were African American. Eighteen of 51 developed post-transplant ascites, and 8 required paracentesis at least once; the remainder were managed with diuretics. Alcohol was one of the indications for transplant in 14 patients and the sole reason in 3 patients. All 3 of these eventually developed post-transplant ascites. (p = .039) Additionally, these 3 were among the 8 who required paracentesis. Conclusions Post-transplant ascites may develop secondarily to any number of causes, including technical problems such as biliary or lymphatic leaks, type of procedure, anastomotic issues, and recurrence of disease. However, it appears that in our review of 51 patients, in whom alcohol is the sole cause of liver disease, post-transplant ascites is more likely to occur. More studies are needed to corroborate our findings.
Clinicopathologic and Genomic Factors Associated With Oncologic Outcome in Patients With Stage III to IV Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract Background Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is known as an indolent tumor; however, mortality still occurs. We sought to determine the clinicopathologic and genomic factors associated with aggressive chRCC. Patients and Methods Two different datasets were used to identify patients with clinical stage III and IV chRCC. Eighteen patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 1693 patients from the American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database (NCDB) were used for analysis. From the TCGA, RNA-Seq expression analysis of 18,745 genes was conducted between the recurrent (n = 5; 27.8%) and nonrecurrent patients (n = 13; 72.2%). Biological significance was identified via pathway enrichment and gene function analyses. From the NCDB, Cox proportion hazards regression models were used to identify variables associated with overall survival (OS) at a median follow-up of 41.4 months. Results Between the 2 groups, 2182 genes were differentially expressed. The most commonly overexpressed pathways were neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. The most activated gene functions were cellular, metabolic, and multicellular organismal processes. In the NCDB, multivariable analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.05; P Conclusions Patients with recurrent chRCC demonstrated a differential gene expression of specific biochemical pathways. Clinical parameters associated with worse OS included age, stage, and positive surgical margin.
Incentive-aware Contextual Pricing with Non-parametric Market Noise.

We consider a dynamic pricing problem for repeated contextual second-price auctions with strategic buyers whose goals are to maximize their long-term time discounted utility. The seller has very limited information about buyers' overall demand curves, which depends on $d$-dimensional context vectors characterizing auctioned items, and a non-parametric market noise distribution that captures buyers' idiosyncratic tastes. The noise distribution and the relationship between the context vectors and buyers' demand curves are both unknown to the seller. We focus on designing the seller's learning policy to set contextual reserve prices where the seller's goal is to minimize his regret for revenue. We first propose a pricing policy when buyers are truthful and show that it achieves a $T$-period regret bound of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{dT})$ against a clairvoyant policy that has full information of the buyers' demand. Next, under the setting where buyers bid strategically to maximize their long-term discounted utility, we develop a variant of our first policy that is robust to strategic (corrupted) bids. This policy incorporates randomized "isolation" periods, during which a buyer is randomly chosen to solely participate in the auction. We show that this design allows the seller to control the number of periods in which buyers significantly corrupt their bids. Because of this nice property, our robust policy enjoys a $T$-period regret of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{dT})$, matching that under the truthful setting up to a constant factor that depends on the utility discount factor.
Birth Strike: The Hidden Fight over Women’s Work / Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism against the Family

A central task of political economy since Quesnay has been to investigate how the economy and society are reproduced over time through purposeful human activity. Starting in the late 1960s, some fe...
Overview of caustic ingestion cases at the Children's Hospital of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros klinikos between 2011 and 2018.

Background. Although not common, caustic ingestion can cause serious injury and sequelae. Clinical symptoms do not always represent the depth of lesions of the intestinal tract, which makes management of these patients difficult. Materials and methods. Between 2011 and 2018, we performed a retrospective one-centre study on ingestion of corrosive agents by children. We used ICD-10 codes of X49, X54.X, and T28.2. Cases of eye or skin burns were excluded. Results. Sixty-five cases were found. Due to a lack of data, we analysed 56 cases. The majority of them were boys (64%); 41% of patients were between 12 and 24 months old. The median age was one year. In 68% of cases, the corrosive substance was alkali: laundry detergent pods and sodium hydroxide accounting for 25% and 14%, respectively. Of the hospitalised patients and all those admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), 78% had oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), 61% within 24 h after ingestion. The time of EGD was not known for 29% of patients. Nine (29%) had 2nd- or 3rd-degree burns of the oesophagus or the stomach, one of them did not have any visible changes of the lips and oral mucosa or any symptoms. Conclusions. Physicians should be suspicious about potential lesions of the gastrointestinal tract when managing caustic ingestion cases. It is recommended to perform EGD for symptomatic children within 24 hours after the accident.
FOXO1 deficiency impairs proteostasis in aged T cells.

T cell differentiation involves the dynamic regulation of FOXO1 expression, which rapidly declines after activation and is subsequently restored. Reexpression is impaired in naive CD4+ T cell responses from older individuals. Here, we show that FOXO1 promotes lysosome function through the induction of the key transcription factor for lysosomal proteins, TFEB. Subdued FOXO1 reexpression in activated CD4+ T cells impairs lysosomal activity, causing an expansion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Expansion of the MVB compartment induces the sequestration of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), thereby suppressing protein turnover and enhancing glycolytic activity. As a consequence, older activated CD4+ T cells develop features reminiscent of senescent cells. They acquire an increased cell mass, preferentially differentiate into short-lived effector T cells, and secrete exosomes that harm cells in the local environment through the release of granzyme B.
Drop-in additives for suspension manipulation: Colloidal motion induced by sedimenting soluto-inertial beacons

A 1-micron Brownian colloid on a random walk can take more than a month to traverse a 1 mm distance. We present a strategy for a drop-in additive to induce spontaneous migration of particles in a suspension at a rate orders of magnitude faster than simple diffusion. The additive, referred to as a solutoinertial beacon, releases a solute as it sediments within the suspension. This solute flux propels colloids to migrate via diffusiophoresis. Theoretical and scaling analyses capture the experimental observations well and reveal design parameters that govern the dynamics of particle motion.
Outcomes of radiofrequency ablation by manual versus self-sizing circumferential balloon catheters for the treatment of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus: a multicenter comparative cohort study.

Background and Aims Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the preferred ablative modality for treating dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus. The recently introduced self-sizing circumferential ablation catheter eliminates the need for a sizing balloon. Although it enhances efficiency, outcomes have not been compared with the previous manual-sizing catheter. We evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of these 2 ablation systems in a large, multicenter cohort. Methods Patients undergoing RFA at 3 tertiary care centers from 2005 to 2018 were included. Circumferential RFA was performed in a standard fashion, followed by focal RFA as needed. Outcomes were compared between the self-sizing and manual-sizing groups. The primary outcome was the rate of adverse events, including strictures, perforation, and bleeding. Secondary outcomes were procedure time and treatment efficacy, as assessed by rates and time to complete eradication of dysplasia (CE-D) and intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM). Results Three hundred eighteen patients were included, 90 (28.3%) treated with the self-sizing catheter and 228 (71.7%) with the manual-sizing catheter. Twenty-one patients (6.6%) developed strictures (8 [8.9%] in the self-sizing group and 13 [5.7%] in the manual-sizing group, P = .32). Of the self-sizing strictures, 75% occurred at the 12J dose before widespread adoption of the current 10J treatment standard. One patient developed bleeding, and no perforations were encountered. Procedure time was significantly shorter in the self-sizing group. No significant differences were observed in rates of and time to CE-D and CE-IM. Conclusions These findings suggest that both systems are comparable in safety and efficacy. The use of the self-sizing system may enhance the efficiency of RFA for treating dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus.
Note: Eliminating stripe artifacts in light-sheet fluorescence imaging

We report two techniques to mitigate stripe artifacts in light-sheet fluorescence imaging. The first uses an image processing algorithm called the multidirectional stripe remover method to filter stripes from an existing image. The second uses an elliptical holographic diffuser with strong scattering anisotropy to prevent stripe formation during image acquisition. These techniques facilitate accurate interpretation of image data, especially in denser samples. They are also facile and cost-effective.
Home Run Derby Participation in Major League Baseball Players: Is There Associated Injury Risk and Impact on Second-Half Performance?

Background:The Major League Baseball (MLB) All-Star Game (ASG) Home Run Derby (HRD) remains a highly anticipated event, during which contestants can take hundreds of maximum-effort swings en route ...
Pain Management for Dental Medicine in 2021: Opioids, Coronavirus and Beyond

Over the past year our attention has inevitably been on the coronavirus pandemic, the health and welfare of our families, patients, and office staffs as well as the re-opening of our dental practices. In addition, the opioid crisis continues, is very likely to worsen as a result of the pandemic and continues to be a challenge to Dentistry. National public health issues and healthcare disparities continue and have created a global concern for providing evidence-based, adequate pain management in the dental setting. We have brought together a group of national thought leaders and experts in this field who will share their insights on the current state of opioid prescribing in Dentistry and describe some of the exciting work being done in advancing pain management. The learning objectives for this conference proceedings were: Describing the implications of current public health concerns for safe and effective pain management in dental medicine.Identifying risk factors and understanding the current guidelines for the use of opioid and non-opioid medications in dental medicine.Analyzing the interprofessional collaborations necessary for effective pain management in dental medicine.Recognizing the challenges and opportunities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic for the dental profession.Applying evidence-based strategies for managing the complex pain patient in the dental setting.Appraising new and future modalities for the assessment and management of orofacial pain.
Theatrical Events and Theatre Forms

This chapter concerns an elementary but essential question: What units of study are most appropriate for engaging with world theatre history? Theatre historians currently use an eclectic hash of units (some literary, some performative, some geographic, and some temporal) that confuse more than they clarify. The minimal unit for theatre studies, the chapter argues, is the theatrical event (rather than the text alone or the performance alone), while the most useful basic unit of study for world theatre history is the theatre form, defined as a population of associated theatrical events having a coherent and distinctive system of performance and reception. One of the many virtues of using the theatre form as a basic unit of study is its scalability. The chapter therefore considers, on the one hand, theatre subforms, and, on the other hand, the homologies and analogies that link multiple theatre forms into various larger groupings.