cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Antimony Compounds

After 57Fe and 119Sn, one of the most studied Mossbauer isotopes during the last ten years has been 121Sb. One of the more useful features of this particular Mossbauer transition is that the sign of the quadrupole coupling constant and, in many cases, the asymmetry parameter, can be determined. The addition of data about these two parameters aids in the understanding of the electronic structure of the large variety of antimony compounds that have been synthesized in recent years.
Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cell Culture Systems

The cellular basis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was defined as the endothelial lining of the brain microvessels in the late 1960s (Reese and Karnovsky, 1967; Brightman and Reese, 1969). This unique endothelial lining was recognized as the sole restrictive permeability barrier to the passage of nutrients, drugs, and metabolic waste products between the blood and the central nervous system. Consequently, investigations on the BBB have focused on developing an understanding of the transport and functional properties of this specialized endothelium (Bradbury, 1993).
The one-way street of integration: Fair housing and the pursuit of racial justice in American cities, by Edward G. Goetz

Among the many important events of the tumultuous year of 1968 were three that addressed the issues of racial discrimination in housing and the need for adequate housing for the urban poor, especia...
The Past, Present, and Future of Transconquest Archaeologies in the Andes

I reflect on how the series of essays in this themed issue map out an emerging orientation in Andeanist archaeology, the transconquest perspective. Growing out of scholars’ engagements with the local dimensions of Inka and Spanish rule and the methodological and ontological divides that distinguish “history” and “prehistory,” the transconquest perspective attends to the affective connections that constitute polities and shape imperial transitions. I discuss its development, consider the ways in which these articles put it into practice, and suggest two directions in which transconquest archaeologies are pointing the study of colonialism and imperialism, in the Andes and elsewhere.
Elective Deliveries and Neonatal Outcomes in Full-Term Pregnancies

Cesarean and induced delivery rates have risen substantially in recent decades and currently account for over one-third and one-fourth of US births, respectively. Initiatives to encourage delaying deliveries until a gestational age of 39 weeks appear to have slowed the increases but have not led to declines. The rates are at historic highs and the consequences of these interventions when not medically necessary have not been systematically explored at the population level. In this study, we used population-level data on births in New Jersey (1997-2011) to document trends in elective deliveries (induced vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery with no labor trial, and cesarean delivery after induction) and estimate logistic and linear regression models of associations between delivery method and neonatal morbidities and cost-related outcomes in low-risk pregnancies. We found that elective deliveries more than doubled during the observation period and were associated with neonatal morbidities and cost-related outcomes even at gestational ages of 39 and 40 weeks. Findings suggest that delaying beyond 39 weeks and avoiding delivery interventions when not medically necessary would improve infant health and reduce health-care costs.
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder manifesting as lymphomatoid granulomatosis: report of two cases and review of the literature highlighting current challenges in pathologic classification

Classification of viral- and immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders continues to evolve. Entities in these categories recognized in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms show considerable morphologic overlap, and it is unclear whether the current classification conceptualizes the scenarios in which these lesions arise and how they might be best managed. Here, we report two cases of lymphoproliferative disorders meeting histologic criteria for lymphomatoid granulomatosis that arose following solid organ transplant. In reviewing the clinicopathologic features of these examples and those of similar cases in the literature, we highlight challenges in current classification and opportunities for their refinement.
Gentrification without Segregation? Race, Immigration, and Renewal in a Diversifying City:

Research on how neighborhood racial composition affects where gentrification unfolds yields mixed conclusions, but these studies either capture broad national trends or highly segregated cities. Dr...
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Immigrants and their Children

Purpose: To compare parent-reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) between immigrant and US-born parents and their children. Methods: Data were obtained for secondary analysis from a study examining ACEs and child weight. Parents of 6-12 year-old children in general pediatrics or weight management clinics of two Midwest academic hospitals completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing 10 conventional/household-level parent ACEs, 6 conventional child ACEs (out-of-home placement used as proxy for abuse/neglect questions), and 6 expanded/community-level parent and child ACEs. Summed ACE scores for each parent and child were grouped as …
THE GREEK ὝΜΝΟΣ: HIGH PRAISE FOR GODS AND MEN

Over a hundred instances of the word ὕμνος from extant archaic poetry demonstrate that the Greek hymn was understood broadly as a song of praise. The majority of these instances comes from Pindar, who regularly uses the term to describe his poems celebrating athletic victors. Indeed, Pindar and his contemporaries saw the ὕμνος as a powerful vehicle for praising gods, heroes, men and their achievements—often in service of an ideological agenda. Writing a century later Plato used the term frequently and with much the same range. A survey of his usage reveals instances of ὕμνοι for gods, daimones, heroes, ancestors, leading citizens, noble deeds, sites and landscapes. Despite abundant evidence of Plato's own practice, studies of the Greek hymn posit an extreme narrowing of the genre in the classical period and cite the philosopher as the sole witness to, if not the originator of, this development. Two passages in particular, one from the Republic and one from the Laws, are seen to support the claim that by the fourth century b.c.e. the term ὕμνος refers exclusively to songs for gods. In Republic Book 10, we find the memorable edict on poetic censorship: ‘But we must know that of poetry only ὕμνοι for the gods and ἐγκώμια for the good must be admitted into our city.’ Laws Book 3 offers what appears to be an even more straightforward pronouncement: ‘Back then our music was divided according to its various types and arrangements; and a certain type of song was prayers to the gods, and these were called by the name ὕμνοι.’ From these two statements has arisen the consensus that Plato saw a divine recipient as the defining feature of the ὕμνος and, moreover, that this position reflects the communis opinio from at least the fourth century b.c.e. onward.
The role of verbal behavior in the establishment of comparative relations

Twelve college students received conditional discrimination training with nonarbitrary and arbitrary stimuli, and derived comparative and transformation of function tests with a think-aloud condition across 2 experiments. Participants who failed these tests received remedial verbal operant training. Four control participants received verbal operant training alone. Across both experiments, only 1 participant passed the derived comparative test after conditional discrimination training. However, all participants passed derived comparative tests and 11 out of 12 participants passed transformation of function tests following verbal operant training, including the 4 control participants. Participants who passed derived comparative tests engaged in a high percentage of correct vocalizations during the think-aloud condition, while participants who failed did not. These results suggest that mediating verbal behavior could have played a crucial role in participants' responses during derived stimulus relations tests.
Clinical HNPCC with no evidence for a role of DNA mismatch repair in cancer susceptibility

1703 Objectives: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant cancer susceptibility syndrome caused by an inherited defect in DNA mismatch repair (DMMR). HNPCC-associated tumors exhibit microsatellite repeat instability (MSI) and loss of expression of one or more MMR proteins that is often characteristic of the underlying gene defect. We ascertained a large HNPCC kindred through two endometrial cancer probands (cousins). Tumor MSI and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies for the probands’ tumors did not provide a clear indication as to which if any of the DMMR genes might be responsible for cancer susceptibility in the family. We therefore sought to determine whether a germline mutation in one of the DMMR genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was present. Methods: A detailed family history and review of medical records was undertaken to construct a three generation pedigree. Blood samples were obtained for analysis of germline DNA from 39 family members. Highly informative polymorphic repeats from the MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 loci were genotyped using PCR methods and the co-segregation of markers and disease was assessed. Protein expression in the tumor was evaluated by IHC on all available specimens for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. Results: Four gynecologic carcinomas (3 endometrial, 1 ovarian), 3 colon carcinomas, 1 breast carcinoma, 1 prostate cancer, and 10 cases of adenomatous polyps were identified in family members across 3 successive generations. The family met the Amsterdam II criteria for HNPCC. However, it was unusual both with respect to late age-of-onset and location of colon carcinomas. The mean age at diagnosis in the kindred was 64 years (earliest age of diagnosis was ovarian cancer at 44 years), and all three colon carcinomas were left sided. Through marker genotype and haplotype analysis, we were able to exclude linkage among MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 as candidates for the cancer susceptibility gene in this HNPCC family. MSI analysis and IHC analysis for tumors did not suggest a role for DMMR. Conclusions: We identified a large HNPCC family with no evidence of germline DMMR mutation. This family represents what is likely an important but poorly understood form of autosomal dominant inherited cancer susceptibility. Implications for cancer screening and surveillance, the need for genetic counseling and further molecular and clinical investigation of families like the one we described will be discussed.
HSP90 Inhibition Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy by Modulating the Surface Expression of Multiple Immune Checkpoint Proteins.

Summary Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade, have the potential to significantly impact treatments for diverse tumor types. At present, response failures and immune-related adverse events remain significant issues, which could be addressed using optimized combination therapies. Through a cell-based chemical screen of ∼200,000 compounds, we identified that HSP90 inhibitors robustly decrease PD-L1 surface expression, through a mechanism that appears to involve the regulation of master transcriptional regulators (i.e., STAT-3 and c-Myc). Interestingly, HSP90 inhibitors were found to also modulate the surface expression of additional checkpoint proteins (i.e., PD-L2). In the MC-38 syngeneic mouse tumor model, HSP90 inhibition was found to dramatically reduce PD-L1 surface expression on isolated live tumor cells and, consistent with recent findings, was found to increase the number of activated CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. These findings provide further rationale to explore HSP90 inhibitors as part of combination immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
Fundamental Statistical Concepts in Clinical Trials and Diagnostic Testing.

This article explores basic statistical concepts of clinical trial design and diagnostic testing. How one starts with a question, formulates it into a hypothesis upon which a clinical trial is then built, is integrated with statistics and probability, such as determining the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when its actually true (type I error) and the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false (type II error). There are a variety of tests for different types of data and the appropriate test must be chosen for which the sample data meet the assumptions. Correcting of the type I error in the presence of multiple testing is needed to control the error’s inflation. Within diagnostic testing, identifying false positive and false negative patients is critical to understanding the performance of a test. These are utilized to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a test along with the test’s negative predictive value and positive predictive value. These quantities, specifically sensitivity and specificity, are used to determine the accuracy of a diagnostic test using receiver operating characteristic curves. These concepts are briefly introduced, with references to allow the reader to explore various concepts at a more detailed level if desired, to provide a basic understanding of clinical trial design and analysis.
Functional vision disorders in adults: a paradigm and nomenclature shift for ophthalmology

Vision loss with clinical findings that are incompatible with the symptoms and recognized neurological or ophthalmic conditions is a common presentation of patients to neurologists, ophthalmologists, and neuro-ophthalmologists. The accepted terminology to describe such patients has evolved over time, including functional visual disorder (FVD), non-organic vision loss, non-physiologic vision loss, functional vision loss, psychogenic, psychosomatic, and medically unexplained visual loss. Likewise, attitudes and recommended management options have changed over the years in the fields of psychiatry and neurology. FVD is a diagnosis of inclusion, and it is critical that the diagnosis be made and delivered efficiently and effectively to reduce patient and physician duress. We review the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM V) terminology and the prior literature on FVD and describe how the approaches to diagnosis and management have changed. We provide recommendations on the appropriate techniques and diagnostic approach for patients with FVD. We also propose a protocol for consistent and standardized discussion with the patient of the diagnosis of FVD. We believe that the adoption of FVD as both a paradigm and nomenclature shift in ophthalmology will improve patient care.
Reimagining Isolated Literacy Classrooms as Interdependent Networks: Tracing Rituals, Repetitions, and Technologies:

Recent literacy scholarship increasingly seeks to center and value the literacies of systematically marginalized youth in response to deficit-oriented narratives that locate oppressed communities a...
The synthesis of 3‐aryl‐6‐alkylpyridazines

Nine compounds of general structure R-X-Y-R' where X is a para-disubstituted phenyl ring and Y is a 3,6-disubstituted-pyridazine ring were synthesized. These can be used as liquid crystal dopents. A general procedure for their synthesis was developed. N-Alkyl benzene and ethyl butyrylacetate were used as starting materials. The purification of reaction intermediates was not necessary if preparative hplc was used to purify the final products. Very pure materials were obtained with good yield. Their structure was confirmed by carbon 13 nmr.
A single transistor three phase resonant switch for high quality rectification

Three new classes of low-cost 3 phi AC-DC high-power-factor/low-harmonic controlled rectifiers are derived from parent DC-DC power converter topologies containing boost-type inputs, buck-type inputs, and quasi-resonant zero-current-switch (ZCS) buck-type inputs. With a single active switch in addition to the diode bridge rectifier, the converters are capable of drawing a high-quality input-current waveform naturally at nearly unity power factor. Thus a simple 3 phi AC-DC high power factor rectifier is obtained. Simulation and experimental results are supplied to demonstrate the validity of the concept. >
A Review of “Cheese Factories on the Moon: Why Earmarks Are Good for American Democracy”

In an easy-to-read, entertaining, and stimulating book, Scott Frisch and Sean Kelly mount a heroic challenge to what is the nearly universally accepted wisdom about the evils of congressional earma...
Binding of specific soluble ribonucleic acid to ribosomes. Binding of soluble ribonucleic acid to the template-30 S subunits complex.

Abstract The specific binding of aminoacyl soluble ribonucleic acid to 30 S ribosome subunits takes place in the presence of polyribonucleotide which contains the code for the amino acid. The binding activity of 30 S ribosome subunits was similar to that of 70 S ribosomes at 4 x 10-2 m magnesium ion concentration. Streptomycin inhibited the binding of phenylalanyl soluble ribonucleic acid to the complex of 30 S ribosome subunits and polyuridylic acid.
A Non-blocking Multithreaded Architecture with Support for Speculative Threads

In this paper we provide both a qualitative and a quantitative evaluation of a decoupled multithreaded architecture that uses non-blocking threads. Our architecture is based on simple in-order pipelines and complete decoupling of memory accesses from execution pipelines. We extend the architecture to support thread level speculation using snooping cache coherency protocols. We evaluate the performance gains from speculations by varying the number of load/store instructions compared to computational instructions, miss speculation rates and the degree of thread level speculation. Our architecture presents a viable alternative to complex superscalar and super-speculative CPUs.
An analysis of statistical methods for comparing obstetric outcomes: Infant health in three samples of school-age pregnancies

Abstract Obstetric data on infants to be used in comparative studies should be reported in terms of the joint distribution of the relevant variables, in order that maximum statistical power may be achieved. A ranking test and a scoring method, both of which depend on the joint distribution of variables, are described and applied to the study data. The ranking test and the scoring method are shown to have greater statistical power to detect differences between programs than examination of individual variables by the chi-square test, and the scoring method has the advantages of simplicity and clarity in comparing the outcomes of several different programs. Infants of teen-age mothers who participated in a comprehensive program of medical, social, and education services (YMP) fared better at birth than infants of teen-age mothers who did not participate in such a program (control group). Infants of mothers who participated in a program of special educational and social services with routine medical services could not be shown to fare better than mothers in the control gruop. When the two special programs were compared directly, a statistically significant difference could not be demonstrated, although the program with the greater emphasis on medical services (YMP) showed a tendency in the direction predicted.
Comparing the Problem Solving of College Students with Longitudinal Study Students

In this chapter we consider a variety of solutions to Ankur’s Challenge from students ranging from high school to graduate level study of mathematics. The problem was created by Ankur and first posed to tenth-grade classmates in an after-school session of the Rutgers longitudinal study (see Chapter 8).
Protocol of a test of hearing health education programs for farm and rural youth.

Background Farm and rural youth have frequent exposure to hazardous noise on the farm and recreationally, and have an increased prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss. There is a lack of programs to prepare this high-risk population to use hearing conservation strategies.
Hypnosis — The “Natural” Relaxant

Like the Olympics of old, if there had been a World Congress of Psychiatry of old, surely hypnosis would have been one of its central topics with contributions regarding the phenomenon coming from every part of the World. Hypnosis has a long and inter-related history with that of psychiatry itself. From the Temples of Aesculapius to the purple robes of Mesmer, and into modern medicine’s armamentarium, it has come to be acknowledged as a contributing factor in the cure of a wide variety of maladies.
A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of phenylalanine in serum.

Abstract A rapid, specific, and precise gas liquid chromatographic method has been described for the quantitative determination of phenylalanine in serum. The method is based on the conversion of the amino acid to the volatile neopentylidene-phenylalanine methyl ester derivative. It should be useful as a confirmatory test in the diagnosis of suspected phenylketonuria and in the evaluation of the effectiveness of a diet low in phenylalanine.
Geophysical diffraction tomography in a layered background

Abstract The problem of determining the acoustic properties of a geological formation from cross-well tomographic experiments is addressed for formations consisting of a known, plane parallel, layered background in which are imbedded unknown weakly scattering components. The theory is developed using the distorted wave Born approximation along lines analogous to the development of geophysical diffraction tomography (DT) for homogeneous backgrounds. It is shown that the reconstruction algorithms of DT for homogeneous backgrounds can be directly applied to layered backgrounds after suitable preprocessing of a set of line source data by a certain linear operator that is derived in the paper. The paper includes results from a computer simulation illustrating the new reconstruction procedure.
Predictors of depressive symptoms in caregivers of patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND Millions of family members deliver informal care and support to patients with heart failure (HF). Caregivers of patients with HF experience depressive symptoms, but factors associated with depressive symptoms are unknown. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine differences between caregivers with and without depressive symptoms in patients' characteristics and caregivers' functional status, caregiving burden (time devoted to caregiving, difficulty of caregiving tasks, and overall perceived caregiving distress), and perceived control; and (2) to determine predictors of depressive symptoms of caregivers. METHOD A total of 109 caregivers (mean age of 57 years; spousal caregiver, 79%) and patients with HF participated in this study. Depressive symptoms, perceived control, and functional status of both patients and caregivers were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised, and the Duke Activity Status Index, respectively. Caregivers' burden (time and difficulty of caregiving tasks and burden) were assessed using the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale and the Zarit Burden Interview. RESULTS The 27.5% of HF caregivers with depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II score > or =14) had poorer functional status, lower perceived control, and higher perceived caregiving distress; experienced more caregiving difficulty; and spent more time in caregiving tasks than did caregivers without depressive symptoms. Controlling for age and sex in a multiple regression, caregivers' own functional disability (standard beta [sbeta] = -.307, P < .001), perceived control (sbeta = -.304, P < .001), and caregiver burden (sbeta = .316, P = .002) explained 45% of the variance in caregivers' depressive symptoms. Patients' New York Heart Association class and functional status did not predict caregivers' depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Caregivers' poor functional status, overall perception of caregiving distress, and perceived control were associated with depressive symptoms. Depressed caregivers of patients with HF may benefit from interventions that improve caregivers' perceived control, address the caregiving burden, and improve or assist with caregivers' functional status.
Application on Robust Guaranteed Cost Control Method in Portfolios

This text applies robust guaranteed cost control method to study a dynamic portfolio management problem over a finite horizon with transaction costs and cost index. Some restrictions make up a indeterminacy discrete system. The economic restrictions in the dynamic portfolio management problem are translated into a indeterminacy discrete system in control, which makes a complicated problem easier. At last we apply robust guaranteed cost control method and make use of LMI toolbox of Matlab to solve this problem, meanwhile we give the existent condition of anticipant state feedback control and analytic expression.
Peeling the onion: NMDA dysfunction as a unifying model in schizophrenia

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction plays a crucial role in schizophrenia, leading to impairments in cognitive coordination. NMDAR agonists (e.g., glycine) ameliorate negative and cognitive symptoms, consistent with NMDAR models. However, not all types of cognitive coordination use NMDAR. Further, not all aspects of cognitive coordination are impaired in schizophrenia, suggesting the need for specificity in applying the cognitive coordination construct.
Adolescents and Cyber Bullying: The Precaution Adoption Process Model

A survey of adolescents (N?=?1,488) documented Facebook use and experience with cyber bullying. The study found that 84 % of adolescents (middle school through college undergraduates) use Facebook, and that most users log on daily. While 30 % of the sample reported being cyber bullied, only 12.5 % quit using the site, and only 18 % told a parent or school official about the abuse. Up to 75 % of middle school Facebook users have experienced cyber bullying. The current study was the first to apply the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) to cyber bullying or to test the model with children and adolescents. Results suggest that most adolescents are aware of cyber bullying and acknowledge it as a problem in their school. About half of the adolescents did not progress beyond Stage 2 of the PAPM (aware of the problem, but haven't really thought about it). Adolescents also exhibited optimistic bias, believing they were less likely than peers to become cyber bullied. Implications for prevention education are discussed.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in a Liver Transplant Recipient

T hough commonly believed to be a manifestation of chronic alcoholism. WernickeKorsakoff syndrome may also occur in a large variety of nonalcoholic. nutritionally depleted states. In fact. the original report by Wernicke included a nonalcoholic woman with protracted vomiting. Any condition resulting in the depletion ofthiamine (vitamin B1) either from diminished intake or absorption, including prolonged starvation. hyperemesis gravidarum, diarrhea. gastroplasty. chronic bowel disease. gastrointestinal carcinoma. AIDS. and thiamine-deficient total parenteral nutrition (TPN). can cause the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. '3 Though not predisposed by transplantation alone. transplant patients may be at higher risk attributable to a variety of factors causing gastrointestinal disturbance. protracted vomiting. or nutritional depletion (i.e., cytomegalovirus gastritis, immunosuppression medication side effects, and nutritional depletion from end-stage organ disease).
Working Memory, Attention Control, and the N-Back Task: A Question of Construct Validity

The N-back task requires participants to decide whether each stimulus in a sequence matches the one that appeared n items ago. Although N-back has become a standard "executive" working memory (WM) measure in cognitive neuroscience, it has been subjected to few behavioral tests of construct validity. A combined experimental- correlational study tested the attention-control demands of verbal 2- and 3-back tasks by presenting n = 1 "lure" foils. Lures elicited more false alarms than control foils in both 2- and 3-back tasks, and lures caused more misses to targets that immediately followed them compared with control targets, but only in 3-back tasks. N-back thus challenges control over familiarity-based responding. Participants also completed a verbal WM span task (operation span task) and a marker test of general fluid intelligence (Gf; Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices Test; J. C. Raven, J. E. Raven, & J. H. Court, 1998). N-back and WM span correlated weakly, suggesting they do not reflect primarily a single construct; moreover, both accounted for independent variance in Gf. N-back has face validity as a WM task, but it does not demonstrate convergent validity with at least 1 established WM measure.
Penile Erection: A Reflection of Sexual Arousal and Arousability in Male Chimpanzees

A study was conducted to determine if sexual motivation in male chimpanzees, defined by the two components, sexual arousal and arousability, could be quantified by measuring penile erection during laboratory pair-tests of sexual behavior. Sexual arousal, the momentary level of sexual excitation, was quantified by single measurements on a scale of penile erection. Sexual arousability, the propensity for arousal, was quantified by the rate of approach to full erection and by mean erection scores. Sexual arousability, as defined, was related to the frequency of male courtship displays, copulations, and ejaculations, which were highest at midcycle and positively correlated with a quantitative measure of female anogenital swelling. Sexual arousal was negatively correlated with continued exposure to the female and least variable during midcycle. These operational definitions of sexual motivation in the male chimpanzee facilitate comparative research in which analogous indexes of sexual motivation are required such as when extrapolating from animal to human.
Suitability of various blister tests for thin film adhesion

Nonlinear von Karman plate theory is used to analyze circular, island and peninsula blister specimens on a consistent basis in order to examine their suitability as interfacial fracture toughness specimens for thin films on substrates. The peninsula specimen was found to be the most promising.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Comparison of fluoride toxicity between periodontal pathogenic bacteria and rabbit gingiva.

Abstract The effects of topical fluoride treatment on the metabolic activity of explants of rabbit gingival tissue in vitro and of gingival tissue in situ were compared with the antibacterial effects of fluoride on suspected plaque periodontal pathogens. Exposure of the gingival explants to fluoride reduced the incorporation of both radioactively labelled proline and thymidine, indices of protein synthesis and cell division, respectively. The degree of depression varied directly with concentration and exposure time. Comparison of these data with that of previously reported bacteriological studies showed that gingival tissue metabolism was profoundly depressed by fluoride applications at or near the in-vitro threshold for preventing the growth of suspected periodontal pathogens. The effects of in-vitro exposure to fluoride on the subsequent uptake of labelled thymidine were compared in gingival tissue explants versus periodontal pathogens. Similar toxic potency was observed. Determination of the effects of fluoride on intact gingival tissue in situ, however, provided strong evidence for the existence of a broad and useful difference in toxicity of fluoride between bacteria and intact gingival tissue, thereby providing support for the possible therapeutic use of topical fluorides in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease. The basis of the difference in toxicity appeared to be the integrity of the epithelial layer of the gingiva.
Reluctant Stewards: Journalism in a Democratic Society

Journalists are reluctant stewards for democracy because they believe that democracy makes citizens their own stewards. They resist donning the mantle of moral guides on behalf of those who are authorized to guide themselves. Yet sometimes journalists do exercise responsibility for the public good in ways that are not subsumed under their professional duty to be nonpartisan, accurate, and fair-minded. Examining some of these exceptions, this essay argues that journalistic stewardship should be loosely de½ned, decentralized, multiform, and open to invention. In fact, today's economic crisis in journalism (and the identity crisis it stimulated) has launched a new set of initiatives-from fact-checking to organized crowd-sourcing-that have each sought to address a speci½c problem of democracy, truth- seeking, or the public good. Pluralism, pragmatism, and decentralized invention may do better at stewarding democracy than a coherent philosophy of moral guardianship ever could.
Ferromagnetic resonance investigation of magnetic anisotropy in Ga 1 − x Mn x As synthesized by ion implantation and pulsed laser melting

A systematic investigation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) was carried out on ${\text{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Mn}}_{x}\text{As}$ layers synthesized by Mn ion implantation into GaAs followed by pulsed laser melting. Angular and temperature dependences of FMR were measured on layers prepared on GaAs (001), (110), and (311) surfaces. The observed angular dependence of FMR can be understood in terms of contributions from cubic anisotropy fields defined by the crystal symmetry of ${\text{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Mn}}_{x}\text{As}$ and uniaxial anisotropy fields perpendicular or parallel to the film plane. For completeness, the angular dependence of the FMR linewidth was also investigated and was found to be dominated by broadening ascribed to local inhomogeneities in magnetic anisotropy. Our results show that both the magnetic anisotropy and the FMR linewidth in (Ga,Mn)As prepared by ion implantation are similar to those observed on ${\text{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Mn}}_{x}\text{As}$ samples grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy, indicating that the two very different growth methods lead to materials with fundamentally similar magnetic properties.
Fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)

Abnormalities in fibrin deposition are implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular occlusion in systemic sclerosis. We have used a technique that involves electrophoresis and densitometric analysis of captured fibrin- and fibrinogen-related antigens to measure the concentration of the individual fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products in 13 patients with systemic sclerosis and in 15 healthy control subjects. As a group, patients with systemic sclerosis had markedly elevated levels of total fibrin-related antigen (p = 0.0007) and D-dimer (p = 0.0004), the terminal degradation product of cross-linked fibrin. The levels of fibrin monomer, an intermediate product in the conversion of fibrinogen to cross-linked fibrin, and of D-monomer, a terminal breakdown fragment of fibrinogen and fibrin monomer, were also elevated (p
Extending access to HPC skills through a blended online course

Extending expertise in parallel computing is critical to all those using high performance computing to gain insights into science and engineering problems. Many campuses do not offer such a course because of course load limits, a lack of faculty expertise, and/or lack of access to appropriate computing resources. MOOCs for this type of course are difficult to scale both because of constraints on computing resources as well as the need for individual attention with programming problems. Using a blended online course with collaborating faculty that offer academic credit for their students, we have been able to facilitate course participation at many institutions that might not otherwise have covered the topic. This has had a significant benefit for both the faculty and students. Our paper summarizes the nature of these impacts and offers some insights on best practices for extending technical courses to multiple institutions.
Advanced simulations for hot forging: heat transfer model for use with the finite element method

Abstract In a companion paper, a friction model for isothermal forging is described. Extension to a general hot forging case requires consideration of heat transfer across the tooling/workpiece interface, since a chilling of the workpiece by the dies will have evolving material properties that can significantly affect the forging operation. This is a complicated problem, since the film thickness, surface roughness and hence fractional contact area can vary with respect to die location and time in a forging operation. Heat transfer across the tooling/workpiece interface is a complex combination of heat transfer through the asperity contacts and heat transfer across the lubricant film. Like friction, this evolves as deformation proceeds. This paper presents a thermal interface model for forging operations where a temperature difference exists between the workpiece and tooling, which is the most common situation in forging. The model considers heat flow through direct asperity contacts as well as heat flow through the lubricant film, and calculates an effective heat transfer coefficient based on lubricant, material and process parameters. The model is implemented as a user routine in a popular commercially available finite element code, DEFORM 2D. The model yields predictions that match previous experimental observations. Sample hot forging simulations are presented for upsetting, ring compression, spike test and embossing die configurations for Ti-6Al-4V and Rene-88, two popular aerospace alloys.
Early earth: Snowballs limited by weathering

A series of extreme cooling episodes, starting 750 million years ago, could have repeatedly turned the planet into an ice-covered snowball. Carbon cycle modelling suggests that the timing of the glaciations can be explained by chemical weathering rates.
Initial Values for the Inverse Toeplitz Eigenvalue Problem

We show how to find a symmetric Toeplitz matrix whose eigenvalues are close to a specified target set of n real numbers.
Feeling cosmopolitan: the novel politician after Byron

This article argues that Benjamin Disraeli’s Venetia works out the reform‐minded politician’s need to deal with the Whig cosmopolitan tradition that preceded him and that came to be most famously embodied in that House of Lords peer and poet, Lord Byron. The article does so by looking carefully at the ways that Disraeli dismisses but also reworks Byron’s cosmopolitanism in favor of a still global if more conservative and nationalistic vision of Tory government. Disraeli seeks thus not simply to cancel out Byronism but also to salvage from Byron’s legacy its political momentum, its revolutionary verve, and to press it into the service of the Victorian novel and state.
The Impact of Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Molecular Patterns on Staphylococcal Superantigen-Induced Toxic Shock Syndrome and Pneumonia

Staphylococcus aureus is capable of causing a spectrum of human illnesses. During serious S. aureus infections, the staphylococcal pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, and lipoproteins and even intact S. aureus, are believed to act in conjunction with the staphylococcal superantigens (SSAg) to activate the innate and adaptive immune system, respectively, and cause immunopathology. However, recent studies have shown that staphylococcal PAMPs could suppress inflammation by several mechanisms and protect from staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, a life-threatening systemic disease caused by toxigenic S. aureus. Given the contradictory pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of staphylococcal PAMPs, we examined the effects of S. aureus-derived molecular patterns on immune responses driven by SSAg in vivo using HLA-DR3 and HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice. Our study showed that neither S. aureus-derived peptidoglycans (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), nor heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA) inhibited SSAg-induced T cell proliferation in vitro. They failed to antagonize the immunostimulatory effects of SSAg in vivo as determined by their inability to attenuate systemic cytokine/chemokine response and reduce SSAg-induced T cell expansion. These staphylococcal PAMPs also failed to protect HLA-DR3 as well as HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice from either SSAg-induced toxic shock or pneumonia induced by a SSAg-producing strain of S. aureus.
Maternal virilization in pregnancy due to an unclassified sex-cord stromal neoplasm

Abstract Virilization in pregnancy has been reported with various ovarian neoplasms. Presented is a case of aternal virilization resulting from an unclassified sex-cord stromal neoplasm.
Direct observation of the binding mode of the phosphonate anchor to nanosized polyoxotitanate clusters.

The structures of three newly synthesized phosphonate-substituted polyoxotitanates are reported. The Ti/O core of [Ti4O(OEt)12(PhenylPO3)] (1) is the building block for two larger phosphonate-substituted nanoclusters, [Ti25O26(OEt)36(PhenylPO3)6] (2) and [Ti26O26(OEt)39(PhenylPO3)6]Br (3). All compounds exhibit a not previously recognized triply bridging binding mode of the phosphonate anchor with short connecting Ti-O bonds, the average of which is 2.010(7) A. Comparison with previously reported work suggests that the binding mode of the phosphonate anchor is strongly dependent on the structure of the underlying substrate.
A fast-neutron activation detector for 14-MeV pulsed neutron sources

A fast-neutron activation detector is described in which the gamma rays resulting from the decay of Pb/sup 207m/ are observed in a plastic scintillator. The Pb/sup 207m/ produced by fast-neutron activation of a lead shield which surrounds the scintillator and photomultiplier. Following a 20-msec delay from the neutron pulse, the Pb/sup 207m/ activity is observed for 2.40 sec. A source of Ba/sup 133/ is used to check the gain stability of the detection system. The detector is observed to have somewhat higher sensitivity than a standard silver activation detector. (auth)
Effect of periodic in situ deposition of silica layer on the long term operation of a micro-gas turbine

Abstract Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) diluted in methanol was periodically supplied during operation of a 13 kg f (max. thrust)-class small gas turbine to deposit silica layers on the turbine blades and its effect on the degradation of the turbine blades upon the long term cyclic operation (1 cycle: 30/10 min run/pause at 20,000 rpm) was tested. The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) was set at 800 °C. For comparison, two other gas turbines were also tested without feeding TEOS at the EGT of 800 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The blades were inspected optically and metallographically before and after the test. The supply of TEOS produced a white silica layer indicating a very low level of the apparent density all around the surface of the blades, some of which became dense at the end to a thickness of 5–10 μm. The underlying substrate Inconel 713 was effectively protected, while the blades operated at the EGT of 800 °C, but not in situ coated, were severely degraded in terms of the surface oxidation and microstructural evolution of the substrate. The microstructure of the protected substrate was comparable with that of the unprotected but operated at the EGT of 700 °C. This result was discussed based on the effect of the formation of dense silica layer on the blade by comparing with the previously obtained results.
A study of same sex touching attitudes: Scale development and personality predictors

Abstract Attitudes toward same sex touching is an area of considerable importance to understanding sex‐role rigidity and heterosexual intimacy, and are thought to be significant to sexual adjustment and well‐being. A reliable and valid scale is needed for research on same sex touching. In this article, seven phases in the development of a Likert‐type scale measuring attitudes toward same sex touching (SSTS) are described. Phase 1 of the study was an item analysis producing part‐whole correlations ranging from .72 to .82, alpha = .98, and reproducibility = .93. Further, in Phase 2, the SSTS was shown to have moderate relationships to authoritarianism (r = ‐.38, p ≤ .01), rigidity (r = ‐.48, p ≤ .01), and socially desirable conceptions of femininity for both males (r = .46, p ≤ .01), and females (r = .31, p ≤ .01). In Phase 3 the construct validity correlations of Phase 2 were generally replicated. In Phases 4 and 5 significant correlations were found between the SSTS and Machiavellianism (r = ‐.25, p ≤ .05...
Stanozolol, oxymetholone, and testosterone cypionate effects on the rat estrous cycle

Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) effects on the estrous cycle of adult Long-Evans rats were examined in four different experiments. Sexual receptivity, vaginal cytology, and body weight were monitored throughout two-week baseline, AAS treatment, and recovery periods. In Experiments 1-3, rats were administered stanozolol, oxymetholone, or testosterone cypionate within dose ranges selected to mimic the human abuse levels of each compound. In these studies, the highest doses of stanozolol (5 mg/kg), oxymetholone (12 mg/kg), or testosterone cypionate (7.5 mg/kg) disrupted the cyclical display of sexual receptivity and vaginal estrus. To compare effects on estrous cyclicity across AAS compounds, rats in Experiment 4 received a single dose (7.5 mg/kg) of each compound for 2 weeks. At the 7.5 mg/kg dose, all AAS compounds interfered with the cyclical display of vaginal estrus, although effects on sexual receptivity were not uniform. No striking AAS effects on body weight were seen in any experiment. The short-term administration of AAS compounds at high doses disrupts female neuroendocrine function in rats.
Mutations in Ribonuclease L Gene Do NotOccur at a Greater Frequency in Patients with Familial Prostate Cancer Compared with Patients with Sporadic Prostate Cancer

Several genetic loci are suspected to be involved in hereditary prostate cancer, including the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) locus at chromosome 1q24-25. The ribonuclease L (RNase L) gene has been reported as the putative hereditary prostate cancer gene located at HPC1. If this is the case, mutations of RNase L should be found at a greater frequency in familial cancers than in sporadic prostate cancers. Examination of familial and sporadic cases of prostate cancer by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing resulted in a mutational frequency rate that was not statistically different between the 2 forms of the disease. These results suggest that the mutations examined within this study are rare and may contribute to very few familial prostate cancers.
Faces and masks of depression: The psychodynamic side ☆

Abstract Advancement of understanding and improvement of therapy require a consideration of the variety of personality traits and patterns, symptoms, syndromes, and mechanisms that are the precursors of, components of, and defenses against manifest depression. The childhood depressive constellation, core depressive traits, and defenses against depression are examined, and therapeutic suggestions are made for achieving contact with the patient and relieving the helplessness and hopelessness that are often present.