cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology of chronic haemodialysis: is it a behavioural cognitive continuum?

Neuropsychiatric complications of chronic renal haemodialysis cover a wide gamut of clinical syndromes. These pictures can be diagnostically classified as non-psychotic and psychtic-like syndromes. On the basis of a review of the literature, some nosological precisions are formulated, and a hypothesized cognitive-behavioural psychopathological continuum is presented. The hypothesis postulates that a central cognitive disturbance, due to multiple organic aetiopathogenic factors, results in a stepwise decline, initially disguised as an affective, neurotic or personality disorder, and further deteriorating into the well-known “dialysis dementia”, with a variety of other clinical presentations in between. Additional research in the biological and psychosocial areas is needed to verify different aspects of these conditions, their validity in the context of the authors' hypothesis, and their relevance to the overall “quality of life” of chronic haemodialysis patients.
Daily estimates of the Earth's pole position with the global positioning system

Daily estimates of the earth's pole position have been obtained with measurements from a worldwide network of GPS receivers, obtained during the three week GIG '91 experiment in January-February 1991. For this short-term study, the GPS based polar motion series agrees with the other space based geodetic techniques (Very Long Baseline Interferometry and Satellite Laser Ranging) to about 0.4 mas rms, after the removal of mean biases of order 1-3 mas. The small error in day-to-day variability is not sensitive to the fiducial strategy used, nor are fiducial sites even necessary for monitoring high frequency pole position variability. The small biases indicate that the applied reference frames of the three geodetic techniques are nearly aligned, that the GPS fiducial errors are small, and that systematic errors in GPS are also small (of order 5 ppb). A well determined reference frame is necessary for monitoring the long-term stability of polar motion and for separating it from other long-term signals such as tectonic motion and internal systematic errors.
Strain dependence of the piezoelectric polarization of z-cut lithium niobate☆

Abstract Measurements of the piezoelectric polarization of z-cut lithium niobate are accomplished for dynamic compressive strains of from 8.9 × 10−4 to 6 × 10−3. Values for the linear piezoelectric constant, e 33 and its strain derivative are determined. The logarithmic strain derivatives of the longitudinal piezoelectric constants of x-cut quartz and z-cut lithium niobate are found to be approximately equal.
Surgical approaches to stages 0 and 1a carcinoma of the cervix

SURGICAL APPROACHES Stage 0 and Stage 1A carcinoma of the cervix are seen most often in women in their late twenties and thirties5,” A discussion of the surgical approaches to these 2 stages of the disease (FIGO, 1974) then becomes a discussion of how one can safely apply the least radical surgical procedures. It is imperative to remember that both lesions are 100% curable. This is true whether radiotherapy or surgery is the method of treatment. When a death occurs in such a patient, it represents either a choice of the wrong surgical procedure, or a technical error in carrying it out. One other possible cause is the failure to conduct postoperative follow-up care as though the patient had a full-blown malignant lesion. This is particularly hazardous in dealing with the young woman who has been treated for Stage 0 carcinoma of the cervix, because she is almost always young, healthy, and busy. Such a patient often is not a faithful follower of instructions, prone to miss appointments, and can be unavailable for follow up for long periods.
An intense beam of metastable H3 molecules

A method is described for generating a hypothermal beam of metastable H 3 molecules, intense enough for scattering and absorption spectroscopy experiments. From the flight time of these species between source and detector it is estimated that their lifetime exceeds 40 μs and that they are in the 2p 2 A'' state.
Will Public Service Jobs Cure Unemployment

The assigned title for this paper is an excellent example in support of the principle that hindsight is better than foresight. Initially, I agreed to the title, but the longer I studied the subject the less comfortable I became with it. Will public service jobs cure unemployment? seems to imply one of two questions. It may raise the question whether public service jobs are capable of curing unemployment, and this is an issue about which I have something to say. It may also be asking for a prediction about whether public service jobs will, in fact, be used to cure unemployment. On this issue, I regret to report that my crystal ball is very cloudy. More broadly, though, the issue might be posed, Should public service jobs be used to cure unemployment? This issue embraces the question of whether these jobs are capable of curing unemployment, but it allows a number of other considerations as well. It is to the economics of this question that I propose to address this paper. Back in 1959, Richard Musgrave provided a framework which is useful for analyzing issues of this kind (chap. 1). Musgrave suggests that the public sector can be thought of as consisting of three branches: an allocation branch, a distribution branch, and a stabilization branch. The allocation branch is concerned with the allocation of resources among competing ends. It has a balanced budget, and it operates in pursuit of economic efficiency in a Pareto optimum sense. The distribution branch is concerned with the interpersonal distribution of income. It, too, operates on a balanced budget but its concerns are with equity questions in the distribution of income. Finally, the stabilization branch is concerned with stabilizing the economy. It does not operate under a budget balancing constraint.
Restoration of normal glutamic acid transport in vitamin B6-deficient Lactobacillus plantarum by acetate, ammonium, and vitamin B6

Abstract A vitamin B6-deficiency in Lactobacillus plantarum markedly reduces the amount of glutamate and other amino acids which can be taken up and accumulated from buffered solutions. The capacity for glutamate accumulation is restored to normal levels when acetate, ammonium, and pyridoxamine are included in the external buffer. The requirement for acetate was not satisfied by a large number of related organic acids. The stimulation of glutamic acid uptake occurred in the absence of significant changes in levels of cellular protein, RNA and DNA and was not inhibited by chloramphenicol. Cells pretreated with acetate, ammonium, and vitamin B6 were subsequently capable of accumulating nearly normal amounts of various amino acids in the absence of any supplemental additions to the buffer. This was true however, only if glutamic acid was included in the pretreatment solution. This requirement for glutamate during pretreatment to attain aan expansion of amino acid accumulation capacity was specific and was observed regardless of which amino acid was subsequently used to measure the accumulation capacity. During pretreatment with acetate. ammonium, pyridoxamine, and glutamate there were substantial increases in cell-wall mass. Penicillin inhibited both increases in cell wall mass and accumulation capacity. The leakage of large amounts of 260-mμ-absorbing substances by vitamin B6-deficient cells was markedly reduced by pretreatment under conditions which led to a large increase in amino acid accumulation capacity. These findings support the hypothesis that the reduced capacity for amino acid accumulation by vitamin B6-deficient cells of L. plantarum arises from a failure to synthesize a normal cell wall. The transport and accumulation of amino acids are impaired indirectly as a consequence of a reduced ability of such cells to oppose internal osmotic forces. The increases in amino acid accumulation capacity which is observed when cells are pretreated with acetate, ammonium, vitamin B6, and glutamate apparently occurs as a result of an increase in wall rigidity following the deposition of additional wall substance.
A high-precision voltage source for EIT

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) utilizes electrodes placed on the surface of a body to determine the complex conductivity distribution within the body. EIT can be performed by applying currents through the electrodes and measuring the electrode voltages or by applying electrode voltages and measuring the currents. Techniques have also been developed for applying the desired currents using voltage sources. This paper describes a voltage source for use in applied-voltage EIT that includes the capability of measuring both the applied voltage and applied current. A calibration circuit and calibration algorithm are described which enables all voltage sources in an EIT system to be calibrated to a common standard. The calibration minimizes the impact of stray shunt impedance, passive component variability and active component non-ideality. Simulation data obtained using PSpice are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the circuits and calibration algorithm.
A perspective on the origin of lubricity in petroleum distillate motor fuels

Lubricity, or a substance's effect on friction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion, is affected by both chemical and physical mechanisms present at a sliding contact. The inherent lubricity of distillate motor fuels stems from surface-active compounds found in petroleum, principally heavy aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrogen heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) containing three or more fused rings. These compounds are less abundant in motor gasoline and more abundant in diesel fuel due to differences in the boiling ranges of these distillate fuels. PAH and NPAH compounds can form chemical bonds with metal surfaces and reduce the friction of metal surfaces in sliding contact. Reducing the coefficient of friction lowers the peak stress amplitude at the sliding contact, thereby mitigating the effects of plasticity-induced wear mechanisms and delaying the transition to abrasive wear. Hydrotreatment of distillate motor fuels to remove sulfur also hydrogenates heavy aromatic compounds, leading to a reduction in fuel lubricity and increased wear of fuel injectors and pumps. The addition of linear alkyl polar compounds can improve fuel lubricity in severely hydrotreated petroleum distillate motor fuels. Boundary lubrication by linear alkyl polar compounds is distinct from lubrication by native heavy polar aromatic compounds found in petroleum. Mechanical testing is typically employed to measure fuel lubricity due to the complex interactions between the surface-active compounds and wear mechanisms at work in a sliding contact, and the lack of a single SI unit like viscosity that describes the sum of interactions between the fluid, material, and mechanical forces at a sliding contact.
Cold resistance of the brain during hibernation: the role of stearyl CoA desaturase in brain and liver as the source for monoenes.

— Brain and liver stearyl CoA desaturase activity and its associated microsomal electron transport chain was investigated in both the warm-adapted and hibernating hamster. It was shown that the activity of this enzyme in brain was essentially the same in both the warm-adapted and hibernating hamster. In liver an 8-fold increase in desaturase activity was observed for the hibernator without corresponding increases in the activity of the microsomal electron transport chain. It is concluded that the increase of monoenes in brain that contributes to the lipid adaptation probably results from peripheral production of these fatty acids.
Final state interactions and relativistic effects in y scaling.

The role of final state interactions in [ital y] scaling in quasielastic electronuclear reactions is investigated in a physically realistic model, which incorporates the final state interactions via the optical model Green's function. Relativistic and nonrelativistic complex optical potentials are utilized in finite nucleus, fully-off-shell, momentum space calculations to represent the final state interactions in an approach which has been shown to provide realistic descriptions of the separate response functions in the inclusive reaction. Analyses of the effects of Dirac dynamical degrees of freedom and final state interactions upon the separate longitudinal and transverse scaling functions are presented along with a discussion of the high momentum transfer dependence.
Biochemical Aspects of Lipid Storage and Utilization in Animals

synopsis. The high energy content of lipids makes these compounds attractive to active metazoans as a light form of fuel storage. Animals have evolved complex system sof enzymes and transport proteins in order to utilize lipids for the generation of energy. While the enzymatic systems responsible for lipid synthesis and oxidation are probably similar in all metazoans, mechanisms for control of the rates of these processes differ with taxonomic group. The means by which lipids are transported through the body fluids of metazoans also show phylogenetic variation. Complete, quantitative data on the mechanisms and rates of lipid digestion, synthesis, transport and utilization are available for only a very few mam? mals, birds and insects. This would seem to be a very fertile field for comparative physiologists.
Development of a system for robotic deburring

Abstract Relatively crude robotic deburring has been accomplished through the detailed programming of the edge contour and the provision of significant passive compliance to compensate for positional errors. In precision deburring, the uncertainties in edge position relative to the tool location may be too great to allow a sufficiently uniform chamfer to be obtained using passive compliance alone. In addition, the costs associated with the detailed path programming can represent a significant fraction of the cost of deburring. This paper discusses the development of a robotic deburring system which provides for simultaneous edge following and force control. An AdeptOne robotic manipulator has been interfaced with an instrumented remote center of compliance manipulator to provide a system which tracks an edge at a controlled force level which can be specified by the operator.
The effect of unidirectional primary word associations on A–B, C–A paired-associate transfer

A paired-associate transfer experiment compared 3 variations of the A–B, C–A paradigm to the A–B, C–D control. Four separate groups of 20 Ss each learned both lists to a criterion of one errorless trial. In two of the experimental groups, the stimulus of List II was the primary word association to the response of List I. These were more difficult to learn than the control, but easier than the A–B, C–A paradigm without the inter-list primary word-associations.
Asymmetries in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in chronic stroke survivors with spastic hypertonia: Evidence for a vestibulospinal role

Objective Indirect evidence suggests that lateralized changes in motoneuron behavior post-stroke are potentially due to a depolarizing supraspinal drive to the motoneuron pool, but the pathways responsible are unknown. In this study, we assessed vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in the neck muscles of hemispheric stroke survivors with contralesional spasticity to quantify the relative levels of vestibular drive to the spastic-paretic and contralateral motoneuron pools.
Framing New Directions for Theory from the Experience of Practitioners

Parallel, powerful tensions exist both in mediation and in the general worlds of the scholar and the practitioner. One response to balancing these tensions, which could be called "practice romanticism," has evolved from the reflective practitioner model. But more could be done to improve our analysis and build practice-oriented theory. A key ingredient in this investigation is a healthy critical approach.
Visible light emission from porous silicon examined by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy

We describe the simultaneous acquisition of Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra on porous silicon (PS) samples that emit visible light. Spectra were acquired in both ex situ experiments (after exposure to air) as well as in situ experiments (with the PS covered either with the hydrofluoric acid electrolyte used in the formation process or water). In one set of ex situ experiments, we observed an inconsistency in the shift of the wavelength of maximum luminescence intensity for PS samples that exhibit oxygenated character in the Raman spectra. A higher current density produced a red shift in the PL spectra in one experiment, while chemical dissolution of the PS by hydrofluoric acid produced the well-known blue shift in another case. In two in situ experiments, we observed very weak and red-shifted PL for a PS sample immersed in HF (compared to the same sample measured later in air) while in another we immersed air-exposed PS in water and observed a 15-fold increase in PL intensity along with a blue shift in the luminescence maximum.
Time-motion study of pediatric nurse practitioners: comparison with "regular" office nurses and pediatricians

The pediatric nurse practitioner has an expanded and significantly more meaningful role than the pediatric office nurse. Pediatric nurse practitioners in the offices of pediatricians spend twice as much time as other nurses (47 per cent versus 24 per cent) in the company of patients. Most (60 per cent) of the nurse practitioner's time with patients is spent in taking histories, performing physical examinations, evaluating health problems, and counseling with parents, while the office nurse spends only 11 per cent of her time with patients and is otherwise occupied mainly with purely routine, procedural, and technical activities.
Non-sequence-specific antimalarial activity of oligodeoxynucleotides

The effects of exogenously applied oligodeoxynucleotides on Plasmodium falciparum proliferation was investigated. A fluorescence-activated cell sorter assay was employed to measure parasitemia after administration of either phosphodiester or phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. We report sequence-independent antimalarial activity preferentially with phosphorothioate congeners with IC50 values in the 1-2 microM range. Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides which were antisense, sense or nonsense to Plasmodium mRNA, as well as homopolymers (30-mers containing all A or T bases) were equally effective inhibitors of parasitemia. The antimalarial activity was dependent upon oligomer length, concentration, and time of addition to the cultures but was independent of the parasite strain tested. Four P. falciparum strains, including a multi-drug-resistant strain (MDR-K), a drug-sensitive strain (FCR-3), a erythrocyte membrane sialic acid-independent strain (7G8) and a strain isolated from a cerebral malaria patient (CM-87) were equally susceptible to treatment with a phosphorothioate oligomer. Inhibition of red cell invasion is primarily responsible for the observed decrease in proliferation as determined by a study of parasite maturation in the presence of a 30-mer nonsense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide.
Comparative Respiratory Physiology and Ecology of Phyllopod Crustacea. I. Conchostraca 1 )

[The relations between sex, body size, dissolved O2, temperature and the oxygen consumption of the anostracan, Branchinecta mackini, from different habitats and different seasons were studied. Salinity tolerance was also determined. A regression of V O2 on weight of 0.65 suggests V O2 is related to surface area. Male and female VO2's did not differ if the animals were the same weight. Respiratory responses of the three populations to decreased D.O. were similar except that critical points differed in direct correlation with the minimum levels of oxygen in the habitat, suggesting acclimatization. Thermal acclimatization to different pond conditions had no significant effect at temperatures less than 13° C but marked differences between populations did appear over the remainder of the experimental range. Sag pond animals have significantly lower V O2 at 20° perhaps demonstrating temperature acclimatization is attained by shifting or rotating the RT curve to the right. In contrast to May individuals, June Alkali Lake animals had significantly higher VO2 only above 26-27° and could survive 35°, suggesting acclimatization is attained by reaching a critical temperature later along a line of otherwise similar response. B. mackini shows normal temperature sensitivity with averaged Q10's of about 2.2 over most of the temperature range tested. Among Anostraca, B. mackini should be considered eurythermal. Survival data suggest that B. mackini is relatively tolerant of transfer to either hypo- or hyper-osmotic media., The relations between sex, body size, dissolved O2, temperature and the oxygen consumption of the anostracan, Branchinecta mackini, from different habitats and different seasons were studied. Salinity tolerance was also determined. A regression of V O2 on weight of 0.65 suggests V O2 is related to surface area. Male and female VO2's did not differ if the animals were the same weight. Respiratory responses of the three populations to decreased D.O. were similar except that critical points differed in direct correlation with the minimum levels of oxygen in the habitat, suggesting acclimatization. Thermal acclimatization to different pond conditions had no significant effect at temperatures less than 13° C but marked differences between populations did appear over the remainder of the experimental range. Sag pond animals have significantly lower V O2 at 20° perhaps demonstrating temperature acclimatization is attained by shifting or rotating the RT curve to the right. In contrast to May individuals, June Alkali Lake animals had significantly higher VO2 only above 26-27° and could survive 35°, suggesting acclimatization is attained by reaching a critical temperature later along a line of otherwise similar response. B. mackini shows normal temperature sensitivity with averaged Q10's of about 2.2 over most of the temperature range tested. Among Anostraca, B. mackini should be considered eurythermal. Survival data suggest that B. mackini is relatively tolerant of transfer to either hypo- or hyper-osmotic media.]
Regulation of endothelial cell function by GRGDSP peptide grafted on interpenetrating polymers

Vascular endothelium plays an important role in preventing thrombogenesis. Bioactive molecules such as fibronectin-derived peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP) can be used to modify the surface of cardiovascular implants such as vascular grafts to promote endothelialization. Here we conjugated GRGDSP peptide to the nonfouling surface of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), and investigated the effects of the immobilized GRGDSP molecules on EC functions under static and flow conditions at well-defined GRGDSP surface densities (approximately 0 to 3 pmol/cm2). EC adhesion and spreading increased with GRGDSP surface density, reached a plateau at 1.5 pmol/cm2, and increased further beyond 2.8 pmol/cm2. Cell adhesion and spreading on GRGDSP induced two waves of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, and 0.2 pmol/cm2 density of GRGDSP was sufficient to activate ERK. EC proliferation rate was not sensitive to GRGDSP surface density, suggesting that cell spreading at low-density of GRGDSP is sufficient to maintain EC proliferation. EC migration on lower-density GRGDSP-IPN surfaces was faster under static condition. With the increase of GRGDSP density, the speed and persistence of EC migration dropped quickly (0.2-0.8 pmol/cm2) and reached a plateau, followed by a slower and gradual decrease (1.5-3.0 pmol/cm2). These data suggest that the changes of EC functions were more sensitive to the increase of GRGDSP density at lower range. Under flow condition with shear stress at 12 dyn/cm2, EC migration was inhibited on GRGDSP-IPN surfaces, which may be attributed to the assembly of large focal adhesions induced by shear stress, suggesting a catch-bond characteristic for RGD-integrin binding. This study provides a rational base for surface engineering of cardiovascular implants.
Protein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Rumen Microorganisms Maintained in Continuous in Vitro Culture

Abstract Substrate utilization and end product formation were quantified in a continuously cultured rumen ecosystem. A representative population with a typical fermentation pattern was maintained for 21 days. Linear regression equations described the changes with time in the daily effluent of deoxyribonucleic acid, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, free amino acids, protein, starch, methane, and dry matter. Microbial activity decreased and then increased sharply until the sixth day, then the system was stabilized. Comparison of the experimental data with that predicted from a theoretical fermentation balance demonstrated an excellent fit. Available protein and productive energy losses from microbial fermentation were estimated to be 30 and 50% respectively. The results suggest that this system can be used to quantitatively determine the effects of rumen microbial metabolism on dietary nutrient availability to the host animal.
Lensfree microscopy on a cellphone.

We demonstrate lensfree digital microscopy on a cellphone. This compact and light-weight holographic microscope installed on a cellphone does not utilize any lenses, lasers or other bulky optical components and it may offer a cost-effective tool for telemedicine applications to address various global health challenges. Weighing ∼38 grams (<1.4 ounces), this lensfree imaging platform can be mechanically attached to the camera unit of a cellphone where the samples are loaded from the side, and are vertically illuminated by a simple light-emitting diode (LED). This incoherent LED light is then scattered from each micro-object to coherently interfere with the background light, creating the lensfree hologram of each object on the detector array of the cellphone. These holographic signatures captured by the cellphone permit reconstruction of microscopic images of the objects through rapid digital processing. We report the performance of this lensfree cellphone microscope by imaging various sized micro-particles, as well as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and a waterborne parasite (Giardia lamblia).
Acetylcholine leads to free radical production dependent on KATP channels, Gi proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and tyrosine kinase

Objective: Acetylcholine (ACh) mimics ischemic preconditioning (PC) and therefore protects the heart against lethal ischemia. Steps common to both ischemic and drug-induced PC are opening of mitochondrial KATP channels (mito KATP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to test whether ACh-induced ROS production could be seen in a vascular smooth muscle cell line, and, if so, to investigate the underlying signaling pathway. Methods: Mitochondrial ROS generation was quantified by measuring changes in fluorescence of ROS-sensitive intracellular markers in vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5). Results: Fluorescence, and, therefore, ROS production, was increased to 197.5±8.5% of baseline after 45 min of exposure of cells to 2 mM ACh ( P <0.001 vs. untreated controls). This effect was blocked by co-treatment with a muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine 102.8±2.9%, 4-DAMP 92.6±7.4%) or by inhibition of Gi with pertussis toxin (PTX) (90.5±4.4%), implicating a receptor-mediated rather than non-specific effect of ACh. The increased fluorescence induced by ACh was also abrogated by the free radical scavenger N -(2-mercaptopropionyl) glycine (104.2±10.1%), documenting that ROS were indeed the cause of the enhanced fluorescence. Both diazoxide, a KATP channel opener, and valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, also significantly increased ROS production, and these effects were not blocked by PTX, while the KATP channel closer 5-hydroxydecanoate blocked ACh-induced ROS production (92.3±3.8%). These results suggest ROS production is directly influenced by KATP activity and K+ movements in the cell. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (102.8±6.6%) and the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (90.7±4.1%) also inhibited the ability of ACh to increase ROS production. Conclusion: The signaling pathway by which ACh leads to ROS generation in A7r5 cells involves a muscarinic surface receptor, a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, PI3-kinase, at least one tyrosine kinase, and a 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD)-dependent KATP (presumably that in mitochondria).
‘TO NEVER SHED BLOOD’: YACOUBA SYLLA, FÉLIX HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY AND ISLAMIC MODERNIZATION IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE

After an ill-fated religious revival, the Sufi teacher Yacouba Sylla and his followers became wealthy and politically influential in post-Second World War Cote d'Ivoire. They argued for an understanding of democratization and development that defined both ideas in terms of their community's own mystical experiences and world-historical significance, rather than in terms of modernity. As a way of making sense of their own past and defending their place in an increasingly tense political environment, these efforts achieved their most explicit articulation in a powerful story about Yacouba Sylla's refusal of a gift from Ivoirian President Felix Houphouet-Boigny.
Preparing Tomorrow’s Leaders: Integrating Leadership Development in Journalism and Mass Communication Education

New journalism and mass communication curricula must prepare students to lead the media revolutions of the twenty-first century. Journalism, public relations, and advertising are being transformed ...
Glutathione depletion associated with rose bengal‐photosensitized mortality in the housefly, Musca domestica

Glutathione, pyridine nucleotides, and lipid peroxides were measured in adult houseflies following various regimens of dye treatment and light exposure. Comparisons were made between dark control and light control flies to judge the effect of light exposure alone; between dark control and dark, dye-treated flies to evaluate the effects of dye-feeding in the dark; and between dark, dye-treated and light, dye-treated flies to measure the effect of photodynamic action. No significant effect was observed in levels of NAD+, NADH, or NADP+. However, a decrease (∼ 16.7%) in NADPH during photodynamic treatment was measured. Relatively small inductions of glutathione were observed in light controls and dark, dye-treated flies. Depletion of both GSH and total glutathione (the sum of GSH and GSSG, expressed as GSH equivalents) occurred in light, dye-treated flies as compared to dark, dye-treated flies. Depletion of NADPH, when related to GSH depletion, suggested that GSH is being utilized to conjugate some products of photooxidation or that it is being directly oxidized to GSSG. However, the observation of a reduction in total glutathione also suggests that a fraction of GSH is being either oxidized to a product other than GSSG or irreversibly conjugated. No significant effects from photodynamic treatment on peroxidative potential or lipid hydroperoxides were observed.
Moving on from Facebook: Using Instagram to connect with undergraduates and engage in teaching and learning

September 2013 408 Is Instagram worth the additional effort from a library to support another social network? Possibly. At UCLA Powell Library, we have had more success connecting with our students and engaging in teaching and learning on Instagram than on any other social network we use. Instagram makes sense for our library because it reaches a young, urban, and diverse demographic—one that reflects our undergraduate population. Our library maintains a presence on four social networks—Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Instagram—but we prize Instagram for being the place where we have the most rewarding interactions at the moment. Our Instagram followers tend to be highly engaged and attentive to our content. While there is no chance of truly “moving on” from Facebook (Facebook purchased Instagram last year for a much-publicized $1 billion), Instagram has breathed new life into our social media activities.
Stroke Disparities: Large Global Problem That Must Be Addressed.

Stroke disparities are wide spread and pervasive throughout the world. In this review, we will examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES), race, and ethnicity on stroke incidence and outcome. There are 2 main reasons that should compel us to fix the damage caused by stroke disparities. The first is based on the justice principle: no person or group should suffer more than others. Although this reason should be a sufficient motivator, another incentive to remedy stroke disparities is the tremendous expense that disparities impose on society. Because minority populations have stroke at younger ages and are often more severe; the cost is far greater per capita then in majority populations.1 We will look at opportunities to improve stroke prevention and stroke preparedness (recognizing stroke and alerting emergency medical services) in underserved populations toward remedying stroke disparities. The Table provides a summary of the potential intervention targets discussed in this article. View this table: Table. Potential Intervention Targets and Timing to Reduce Stroke Disparities in Developed and Developing Countries Discussed in This Article Much of the work in this area is centered in the United States. However, there are important data emerging from international locations. Indeed the epidemiological transition, the change from infection and trauma to chronic diseases as major causes of death and disability in the developing world, speaks directly to the need for prevention and preparedness in the poorest parts of the globe. Paradoxically, increases in stroke risk and mortality in developing countries are associated with increasing SES, but decreases in stroke risk and mortality in developed countries are associated with increasing SES.2 In rural villages in China, higher incomes brought prosperity but also brought higher stroke risk.3 It is likely that when new monies enter a previously impoverished area that certain unhealthful behaviors are initially adopted. These may …
THE VERTICAL VARIATION OF WIND-DRIVEN CURRENTS IN LAKE MENDOTA1

The deviation of wind-driven water currents from wind direction was examined ;IS a function of depth in Lake Mendota utilizing the fret-drag method. The mean vector hodographs were obtained for various wind velocities. The relation of wind velocity to angular deflection was also obtained. The depth of frictional influence was empirically detcrmincd to be bctwcen 2 and 3.5 m and an improved relationship with wind speed was dcvelopcd. Wind stress on the water surface was calculated by fitting Ekman and Rossby spirals to the hodographs and integrating the cross-wind component from the surface to depth D. The proportionality of the stress to the wind velocity was determined and comparisons made with previous computations.
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS EXPOSURE PERIODS ON THE BIOMASS AND CHLOROPHYLL A OF CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA (CHLOROPHYTA)1

The biomass of Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz. was estimated at selected sites in the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, and River Kilometer 354, C. glomerata biomass was significantly higher at sites above Lees Ferry (25 km downstream from the Dam) than sites below the Ferry. Biomass and chlorophyll a were significantly reduced when C. glomerata was subjected to one-time exposures to the atmosphre for 12 daylight h or more. Repeated 12/12 h and 24/H (exposure/submergence) cycles over a two-week period also showed a significant reduction in biomass. The adaptations of C. glomerata to strading during regulated flows are discussed
Data set for transcriptional response to depletion of the Shoc2 scaffolding protein

The Suppressor of Clear, Caenorhabditis elegans Homolog (SHOC2) is a scaffold protein that positively modulates activity of the RAS/ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling cascade. We set out to understand the ERK1/2 pathway transcriptional response transduced through the SHOC2 scaffolding module. This data article describes raw gene expression within triplicates of kidney fibroblast-like Cos1 cell line expressing non-targeting shRNA (Cos-NT) and triplicates of Cos1 cells depleted of SHOC2 using shRNA (Cos-LV1) upon activation of ERK1/2 pathway by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). The data referred here is available in NCBI׳s Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), accession GEO: GSE67063 as well as NCBI׳s Sequence Read Archive (SRA), accession SRA: SRP056324. A complete analysis of the results can be found in "Shoc2-tranduced ERK1/2 motility signals - Novel insights from functional genomics"(Jeoung et al., 2016) [1].
Characterization of Modulation of Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus by Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Maintained at 32°C Following Parenteral Infection

Two lines of Culex tarsalis Coquillett genetically selected for low or high western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus production (low viral producer [LVP] or high viral producer [HVP], respectively) modulated WEE (i.e., decreased the concentration of virus to <104 plaque-forming units after intrathoracic inoculation). The LVP line modulated WEE more than HVP, and modulation was most pronounced at 32°C. At 15°C, viral replication to high titers occurred in both lines. When infected LVP were transferred to 15°C after 4 d extrinsic incubation at 32°C, replication of WEE to high titers did not occur. Mosquitoes transferred from 15°C after replication to high titers occurred, to 32°C did significantly modulate WEE titer. Incubation at 32°C prior to infection had no effect on the degree or timing of WEE modulation in both LVP and HVP lines. Most LVP infected following feeding on a high dose of WEE had salivary gland infection barriers. Viral modulation by Cx. tarsalis was an alphavirus phenomenon, and was not restricted to WEE.
Binding modes of carboxylate- and acetylacetonate-linked chromophores to homodisperse polyoxotitanate nanoclusters.

The binding of carboxylate- and acetylacetonate-linked chromophores to homodisperse polyoxotitanate nanoclusters with 17 Ti atoms or more are surveyed and found to be limited to chelate-bidentate and the bridging modes, the former being dominant for the acetylacetonate-linked chromophores, the latter for the carboxylate linkers. Chromophores with acetylacetonate linking groups invariably bind in the chelate mode, whereas carboxylic acid terminated chromophores more frequently are observed to have the bridging mode, with the exception of three cases in which a strong electron-donating substituent is present on two different sensitizers. The calculations for isonicotinateand nitrophenylacetylacetonate functionalized Ti17 clusters show the observed binding modes to correspond to the lower energy functionalized clusters, but do not predict the difference between the cinnamic acid and dimethylaminocinnamic acid binding to Ti17, which are bridging and chelate respectively. Both binding modes were never observed...
Planung und Einsatz von Arbeitsplatzcomputern zur Unterstützung der OP-Organisation und OP-Berichtschreibung

Aktuelle Transparenz, Dokumentation und Organisation eines groseren Operationsbereiches erfordern EDV-technische Hilfe. Das Konzept sieht weitgehende Unterstutzungen der OP-Planung, der Ressourcenauslastung und der Information und Dokumentation vor. Die Realisierung erfolgt schrittweise unter Einsatz von vernetzten Arbeitsplatzcanputern.
Radical Innovation, Technological Orientation, and New Product Development Performance

Innovations and new product development are the lifeblood of any firm. For firms active in markets characterized by competition, new product development (NPD) is essential because it contributes to firm survival as well as to competitiveness, and growth. New product development “can influence the competitive success, adaptation, and renewal of organizations” (Brown and Eisenhardt 1995, p. 344). New product development is a critical means by which product managers diversify, adapt, and even reinvent their firms to match evolving market and technical conditions. Also, new developments and changes occurring in the market force firms to develop more effective and competitive cultural orientations. High performance due to the adopted orientation results in sustainable competitive advantage and a powerful organizational culture (Zhou et al. 2005). This research investigates relationships among radical innovation, market turbulence, and technological orientation, and their effects on NPD program performance. Employing a sample of 183 U.S. technology based companies, the study uses partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships.
Morphine-induced synaptic plasticity in the VTA is reversed by HDAC inhibition

Dopamine (DA) dysfunction originating from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) occurs as a result of synaptic abnormalities following consumption of drugs of abuse and underlies behavioral plasticity associated with drug abuse. Drugs of abuse can cause changes in gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms in the brain that underlie some of the lasting neuroplasticity and behavior associated with addiction. Here we investigated the function of histone acetylation and histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 in the VTA in recovery of morphine-induced synaptic modifications following a single in vivo exposure to morphine. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and whole cell patch-clamp recording in rat midbrain slices, we show that morphine increased HDAC2 activity in VTA DA neurons and reduced histone H3 acetylation at lysine 9 (Ac-H3K9) in the VTA 24 h after the injection. Morphine-induced synaptic changes at glutamatergic synapses involved endocannabinoid signaling to reduce GABAergic synaptic strength onto VTA DA neurons. Both plasticities were recovered by in vitro incubation of midbrain slices with a class I-specific HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), CI-994, through an increase in acetylation of histone H3K9. Interestingly, HDACi incubation also increased levels of Ac-H3K9 and triggered GABAergic and glutamatergic plasticities in DA neurons of saline-treated rats. Our results suggest that acute morphine-induced changes in VTA DA activity and synaptic transmission engage HDAC2 activity locally in the VTA to maintain synaptic modifications through histone hypoacetylation.
Restless Sleep and Variable Sleep Timing During Late Childhood Accelerate the Onset of Alcohol and Other Drug Involvement.

OBJECTIVE: Limited prospective data indicate that premorbid sleep disturbances elevate the risk for subsequent alcohol and other drug problems, yet the implications for subsequent substance involvement trajectories remain unclear. In the present analyses, we examined risk associations between sleep characteristics during late childhood and the onset of substance use and substance use disorders into adulthood. METHOD: A sample of 707 children was recruited at ages 9-13 years and followed over seven additional visits through age 30 years. In 304 participants, fathers had a history of substance use disorder involving illicit drugs. Self-reported baseline sleep characteristics (restless sleep and variable sleep timing) were assessed at approximately ages 9-13 years. Assessment of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine involvement occurred at follow-up visits. Cox proportional hazard models tested sleep characteristics as predictors of two substance-related outcomes (age at first use or diagnosis of disorder), as well as the onset of major depressive disorder. RESULTS: Restless sleep at baseline significantly predicted an earlier onset age for trying alcohol and cannabis and showed a trend toward predicting early onset of cannabis use disorder. Restless sleep also predicted an earlier onset of depression. Irregular sleep timing at baseline significantly predicted an earlier onset age for alcohol use disorder and showed trends toward predicting early onsets of disorders of cannabis and cocaine use. CONCLUSIONS: Disturbed sleep during late childhood appears to accelerate the onset of not only initial substance use but also the development of clinically defined substance use disorder. Sleep-focused preventative efforts during late childhood may reduce the incidence of mood and substance use disorders. Language: en
Towards a Marxian Theory of World Money

In Financial Markets, Money and the Real World Paul Davidson, a leading Post Keynesian economist, adds his voice to calls for reforms of the ‘international financial architecture’. Unlike other reformers, his proposals centre on a new form of world money. In this chapter I shall present a critical assessment of his position from a Marxian standpoint.
Daylio: mood-quantification for a less stressful you.

Moods are emotional states that can last from short to long periods of times. However, if moods are negative for long durations, people’s quality of life can deteriorate significantly. Daylio is a simple, easy to use mobile application that can help people track their moods and activities to identify triggers to disorders.
High-resolution computed tomography evaluation of the bronchial lumen to vertebral body diameter and pulmonary artery to vertebral body diameter ratios in anesthetized ventilated normal cats.

ObjectivesBronchial lumen to pulmonary artery diameter (BA) ratio has been utilized to investigate pulmonary pathology on high-resolution CT images. Diseases affecting both the bronchi and pulmonary arteries render the BA ratio less useful. The purpose of the study was to establish bronchial lumen diameter to vertebral body diameter (BV) and pulmonary artery diameter to vertebral body diameter (AV) ratios in normal cats.MethodsUsing high-resolution CT images, 16 sets of measurements (sixth thoracic vertebral body [mid-body], each lobar bronchi and companion pulmonary artery diameter) were acquired from young adult female cats and 41 sets from pubertal female cats.ResultsYoung adult and pubertal cat BV ratios were not statistically different from each other in any lung lobe. Significant differences between individual lung lobe BV ratios were noted on combined age group analysis. Caudal lung lobe AV ratios were significantly different between young adult and pubertal cats. All other lung lobe AV ratios were...
Reconstruction of background radiation emissivity of urban structures using a truck-based detector array

Modeling and optimizing radiological threat detection problems in urban areas is facilitated through prior characterization of background activity distributions. The background emissivity of static objects such as buildings and roads is highly dependent on the composition of these elements of urban scenes. We perform a feasibility study to determine whether truck-based (non-imaging) detector measurements can be used to estimate the relative contributions of potassium-40, uranium and thorium (KUT) to the background emissions of surfaces. To do this, we simulate a simple urban scene, and assign realistic KUT compositions to structures. The detectors on the truck are completely characterized in terms of spectral response vs. angle of incidence using Monte Carlo simulation of all three background components, with each component being expressed as a spectral basis function. The truck moves along a trajectory through this environment and measures the background activity. Assuming knowledge of the position of surfaces (as would be determined using 3D maps or optical survey data), we estimate the KUT composition. We show that the inverse problem is sufficiently well-conditioned to solve for the K-40 component, but not for reconstructing the much smaller relative activities due to U and Th.