cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in three lines of soft red winter wheat.

Since 2000, stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks., has been the most important foliar disease of wheat in the eastern United States. Three lines of soft red winter wheat, 'McCormick', VA96W-270, and a variant of VA96W-270 (VA96W-270V), were resistant to the stripe rust population first described in the United States in 2000. The objective of this study was to characterize the inheritance of this resistance. Each line was crossed to the susceptible cultivar Coker 9835. Parental and F 1 plants were characterized for reaction to races PST-3 and PST-100 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in growth chamber experiments. Parents and F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , F 4 , and BC 1 F 1 progenies were evaluated for reaction to race PST-100 over 3 yr in inoculated field experiments. Stripe rust resistance was conferred by two to three recessive, race-specific adult-plant genes in McCormick, and by two recessive, race-specific adult-plant genes in VA96W-270. At least one gene was common in both lines. Stripe rust resistance in VA96W-270V was controlled by one recessive all-stage gene and one dominant adult-plant gene. Broad-sense heritability as estimated by variance component methods ranged from 0.56 to 0.96, whereas narrow-sense heritability estimated in standard units ranged from 0.29 to 0.51. Moderate heritability suggests the resistance could be incorporated into other cultivars.
Acute hospitalization in a home for the aged.

All acute hospitalizations from a 229-bed home for the aged for a four-year period were analyzed. Of 373 residents eligible for the study, 239 individuals were hospitalized a total of 503 times. Five patients were admitted seven times. Median length of stay was 9.4 days. Of 235 primary diagnoses, only nine occurred at least 1% of the time. Sixty-six different complications, representing 131 occurrences, were noted during hospitalization. Hospital mortality was 11.7%. Of first admissions 9.2% died and 19% of survivors required a higher level of care. One year later 40% had died and 17% were at a higher level of care. Logistic regression identified four variables significantly associated with death within six months of first hospitalization: age, hospital complication, surgical procedure, and diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Compared with nonhospitalized residents, hospitalized residents were more likely to be male, but no age effect was noted. Survival differences did not emerge until the third year of the study. J Am Geriatr Soc 33:519, 1985
Progress toward meeting the Constellation-X performance goals using segmented x-ray mirrors

We present an overview of our recent progress toward the development of segmented X-ray mirrors for the Constellation-X mission. Our reference design incorporates thin glass reflector substrates, with axially curved X-ray reflecting surfaces applied via epoxy replication. Alignment is accomplished via a precision structure incorporating ultraprecise etched Si alignment microstructures (as described in associated papers). Recent efforts have been devoted to demonstrating that the figure of prototype small segments and the alignment process will allow us to meet the 15" half-power diameter angular resolution requirement. We discuss the status of this, of our efforts to fabricate meter-class segments, and of the developments of supporting metrological techniques. We summarize our plans for a laboratory demonstration of a prototype mirror meeting the Constellation-X angular resolution and weight requirements.
Effects of deregulation on competitive market opportunities

Abstract On January 1, 1984, AT&T was divested of its 22 operating companies. On this same date the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) deregulated customer premise equipment (CPE) thereby restricting the telephone company's (telco) monopoly. This stimulated competition in the telecommunications marketplace while also individualizing the logistical channel of distribution and the communication channel. In the past demand within the logistical channel was dependent upon demand within the communication channel. The surge of competition ignited by the regulatory changes significantly altered these relations. Competition from supplier interconnects as well as long distance carriers are causing shifts that are changing the industry structure. This paper explores the interdependency of the logistical and communication channels within the environment of deregulation.
An improved numerical scheme for characterizing dynamic behavior of high-speed rotating elastic beam structures

Abstract The demand for designing high-speed turbomachinery has led to intensive research in dynamic modeling of rotating elastic mechanisms in recent years. Such a demand in design setting can be addressed more effectively with the development of a more efficient computational scheme. In this paper we present an improved numerical method with three new features. First of all, the time separation concept is introduced to allow time independent terms being computed separately and assembled with time dependent terms in each time marching cycle to form global system equations. Second, the Timoshenko beam with nonlinear geometric stiffness is modeled with exact tangent matrix as opposed to conventional pseudo-tangent matrix approximation. Third, the computational scheme is implemented in homogeneous coordinates that provide a more natural and efficient vector representation. Kane's classic rotating beam problem is used to test for accuracy and computer time. The result matches very well with Kane's solution. However, the computer time needed for the present approach is reduced by more than 70%.
The homopolar amorphous surface Structural and electronic properties

Abstract For the first time, the topological dependency of the density of states for the amorphous surface is calculated. The unrelaxed amorphous surface for homopolar semiconductors is briefly defined and described. A model Hamiltonian for computing the configuration-averaged density of surface states is used. A surface from a model with only even-fold rings and a surface from a model with both even-fold and odd-fold rings are investigated. The results are interpreted in terms of the effects of nearest-neighbour surface atoms, the number of unsaturated bonds/surface-atom and the ring structure. The odd-fold rings cause the distribution of the surface density of states to be spread over a larger energy region than for models where the odd-fold rings are absent. It is argued that the amorphous topology must be taken into account when considering models for the gap states. For a tetrahedral solid, the surface states are expected to contribute to the filling of the minima in the bulk valence-band density of ...
Reverse transcriptase-dependent synthesis of a covalently linked, branched DNA-RNA compound in E. coli B

We have found a branched DNA-RNA compound in E. coli B, that is similar in its secondary structure, but not its nucleotide sequence, to the previously described branched DNA-RNA compounds in myxobacteria. This compound is not produced in E. coli K12. We have cloned a 3.5 kb chromosomal segment of E. coli B, which, when transferred into E. coli K12, leads to the production of the DNA-RNA compound. We describe the isolation of the DNA-RNA compound, the determination of its nucleotide sequence, and the nucleotide sequence of the genes required for its formation. The sequence contains the coding regions for the DNA component, the RNA component, and an open reading frame encoding a reverse transcriptase. This reverse transcriptase is shown to be required for the formation of the DNA-RNA compound in vivo and in vitro.
A 3D compact pent- band antenna for wireless mobile communication

In this paper, a 3D compact profile multi-band antenna is presented. The antenna can be able to operate GSM 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz and UMTS 2200 MHz bands for the wideband wireless mobile device application. This paper examines techniques such as adding extra resonant patch to achieve wider BW and further size reduction by bending the antenna from 2D to 3D dimensions. The behavior of pent-band antenna, mounted on the FR4 substrate with the 55 mm times 90 mm GND is also examined. Prototypes of a pent-band antenna is designed and tested. Finally the results of pent- band miniaturized antenna is presented.
Wnt Signaling can Substitute for Estrogen to Induce Division of ERα-positive Cells in a Mouse Mammary Tumor Model

The interaction of estrogen with the estrogen receptor (ER, principally ERalpha) induces growth of human breast tumor cells. In contrast, ERalpha-positive cells have been described as non-dividing cells in normal breast (though estrogen stimulation of ERalpha cells directs the division of neighboring cells). However, there is a small sub-population of cells in normal mammary tissue that are ERalpha-positive, that can divide, and therefore share this property with human breast tumor cells. In order to investigate their pattern of growth regulation, we measured the fraction of dividing ERalpha(+) cells during normal growth and compared that to glands stimulated by oncogenic Wnt effectors. First, we found there was no difference between the rate of division of ERalpha(+) cells and ERalpha(-) cells, whether the population was responding to estrogen or Wnt mitogens. The proportion of dividing ERalpha(+) mammary epithelial cells was increased (10x) in response to pregnancy, and similar increases were observed in response to ectopic Wnt signaling. We propose that Wnt signaling can substitute for estrogen to drive total population growth (that includes ERalpha(+) cells). Although the E-ERalpha-derived mitogenic response is situated in a minority of the luminal cells, and the Wnt-LRP5/6-derived mitogenic response is situated in a minority of basal cells, overall, the growth response of the mammary epithelial population is remarkably similar.
Six-DoF haptic rendering of contact between geometrically complex reduced deformable models: Haptic demo

In this demonstration, we show haptic results from our research on distributed contact between deformable objects with complex geometry [1, 2, 3]. The demos run at 1000 Hz, and support 6-DoF haptic rendering. Real-time evaluation of distributed contact forces between rigid or deformable 3D objects is a key ingredient of 6-DoF force-feedback rendering. We demonstrate a spatially and temporally adaptive approach to approximate distributed contact forces under hard real-time constraints. Our method is CPU based, and supports contact between rigid or reduced deformable models with complex geometry. We propose a contact model that uses a point-based representation for one object, and a signed-distance field for the other. This model is related to the Voxmap Pointshell Method (VPS), but gives continuous contact forces and torques, enabling stable rendering of stiff penalty-based distributed contacts.
Inferring Searcher Attention by Jointly Modeling User Interactions and Content Salience

Modeling and predicting user attention is crucial for interpreting search behavior. The numerous applications include quantifying web search satisfaction, estimating search quality, and measuring and predicting online user engagement. While prior research has demonstrated the value of mouse cursor data and other interactions as a rough proxy of user attention, precisely predicting where a user is looking on a page remains a challenge, exacerbated in Web pages beyond the traditional search results. To improve attention prediction on a wider variety of Web pages, we propose a new way of modeling searcher behavior data by connecting the user interactions to the underlying Web page content. Specifically, we propose a principled model for predicting a searcher's gaze position on a page, that we call Mixture of Interactions and Content Salience (MICS). To our knowledge, our model is the first to effectively combine user interaction data, such as mouse cursor and scrolling positions, with the visual prominence, or salience, of the page content elements. Extensive experiments on multiple popular types of Web content demonstrate that the proposed MICS model significantly outperforms previous approaches to searcher gaze prediction that use only the interaction information. Grounding the observed interactions to the underlying page content provides a general and robust approach to user attention modeling, enabling more powerful tool for search behavior interpretation and ultimately search quality improvements.
Effectiveness of abdominal compression during helical renal CT.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The authors performed this study to assess the effect of abdominal compression on opacification and distention of the proximal renal collecting system during helical computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods Abdominal compression was applied during helical CT in 31 patients who were scanned 150 and 300 seconds after initiating a dynamic bolus injection of contrast material. Two reviewers assessed renal collecting system opacification and measured the maximal short-axis diameter of the collecting system at three locations: the upper pole, the lower pole, and the proximal ureter. A similar evaluation was performed in a control group of 29 patients who underwent CT without compression at 300 seconds after initiating the injection of contrast material. Results Both reviewers noted collecting system opacification at all locations in 52 of 56 noncompressed collecting systems scanned at 300 seconds, 57 of 59 compressed collecting systems scanned at 300 seconds, but only 26 of 59 compressed collecting systems scanned at 150 seconds. Measured collecting system distention was statistically significantly greater at 300 seconds in patents who received compression than in patients who did not ( P = .0013). For patients who received compression, measured collecting system distention was statistically significantly greater on scans obtained at 300 seconds than on scans obtained at 150 seconds ( P = .0001). Conclusion Abdominal compression during renal helical CT produces a detectable increase in renal collecting system distention. In patients who receive compression, scanning at 300 seconds rather than at 150 seconds results in greater collecting system distention and more consistent opacification.
A 12.5-Gbps, 7-bit transmit DAC with 4-tap LUT-based equalization in 0.13μm CMOS

This paper presents a 12.5-Gbps transmitter that uses a lookup table (LUT)-based equalizer to compensate for within-die imperfections. An equalization technique with 2x sampling is proposed to accommodate timing offsets in the multiphase clocks used for 8:1 serialization. LUT code remapping is also demonstrated to compensate for mismatch effects that introduce nonlinearity in the transmit DAC. Experimental results of a 7-bit resolution transmitter with 4-tap equalization, implemented in 0.13 mum CMOS, show the LUT-based equalizer can significantly improve the signal integrity of an otherwise closed eye for data transmitted at 12.5-Gbps.
Sentinel: occupancy based HVAC actuation using existing WiFi infrastructure within commercial buildings

Commercial buildings contribute to 19% of the primary energy consumption in the US, with HVAC systems accounting for 39.6% of this usage. To reduce HVAC energy use, prior studies have proposed using wireless occupancy sensors or even cameras for occupancy based actuation showing energy savings of up to 42%. However, most of these solutions require these sensors and the associated network to be designed, deployed, tested and maintained within existing buildings which is significantly costly.We present Sentinel, a system that leverages existing WiFi infrastructure in commercial buildings along with smartphones with WiFi connectivity carried by building occupants to provide fine-grained occupancy based HVAC actuation. We have implemented Sentinel on top of RESTful web services, and demonstrate that it is scalable and compatible with legacy building management. We show that Sentinel accurately determines the occupancy in office spaces 86% of the time, with 6.2% false negative errors. We high-light the reasons for the inaccuracies, mostly attributed to aggressive power management by smartphones. Finally, we actuate 23% of the HVAC zones within a commercial building using Sentinel for one day and measure HVAC electrical energy savings of 17.8%.
Stochastic generator of chemical structure. 4. Building polymeric systems with specified properties

A novel computational technique to generate close-to-equilibrium crosslinked polymeric systems is proposed. Compared to the current state-of-the-art equilibration methods, the new technique appears to be faster by several orders of magnitude. The main advantage of the technique is that one can circumvent the bottlenecks in configuration space that inhibit relaxation in molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations. The problem of polymer equilibration described by continuous equations in molecular dynamics is reduced to a discrete representation where solutions are approximated by simple algorithms. In the current study, a series of coarse-grained, united-atom, and fully atomistic crosslinked networks has been generated. Network statistics and topology, X-ray scattering intensities, and elastic properties are tested vs. experimental results and similar models generated using molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. The results demonstrate the efficiency of this new method for generating large realistic polymeric systems up to 1.4 M atoms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 580–590, 2001
X-ray diffraction study of myelin structure in immature and mutant mice

Abstract X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from freshly dissected central and peripheral nerves of quaking, myelin synthesis deficiency ( msd ), and trembler mutants, as well as immature and adult normal mice. The patterns were compared with respect to strength of myelin diffraction, background scatter level, repeat period, and intensity and linewidth of Bragg reflections. The deficiency of myelin in optic nerves was found to be (in decreasing severity): quaking > immature > trembler ⋍ normal adult; and in sciatic nerves: trembler > immature > quaking msd ⋍ normal adult. Repeat periods about 3 A less than that for normal adult sciatic myelin were detected in corresponding nerves from immature, quaking, and trembler mice. In some trembler sciatic nerves a second phase having a 190–200 A period and accounting for about 60% of the total ordered myelin was also evident. Comparison of electron density profiles of membrane units calculated from the repeat periods and diffracted intensities for sciatic myelins indicate structural differences at the molecular level. The main findings are: (1) quaking myelin shows a significant elevation of density in the external protein-water layer between membrane bilayers; (2) the membrane bilayer of immature myelin is ≈ 2 A thinner than that for normal adult; (3) the membrane bilayer of the more compact phase in trembler myelin is ≈ 5 A thinner than for normal; and (4) the difference in repeat periods for the two phases present in some of the trembler nerves can be accounted for predominantly by distinct membrane bilayer separations at the external boundary.
The Quantum Theory of Optical Communications

Communication theory applied to lightwave channels is ordinarily carried out using the semiclassical theory of photodetection. Recent development of nonclassical light sources-whose photodetection statistics require the use of quantum theory-plus increasing interest in optics-based approaches to quantum information processing necessitates a thorough understanding of the similarities and distinctions between the semiclassical and quantum theories of optical communications. This paper is addressed to that need, focusing, for convenience, on the free-space communication channel using Gaussian states of light. The quantum version of the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral is reviewed, along with the semiclassical and quantum theories of direct, homodyne, and heterodyne detection. Maximally entangled Gaussian state light is used, in conjunction with quantum photodetection theory, to explain the nonclassical effects seen in Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry and violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt form of Bell's inequality. The classical information capacities of several bosonic channels are reviewed, and shown to exceed what can be achieved using conventional optical receivers.
A perspective on the analysis of hyperspectral data

A very important technological development in sensor technology is the ability to construct multispectral imaging sensors with very large numbers (/spl ap/200) of spectral bands. A significant number of such hyperspectral sensor systems are now in use or under various stages of development in various countries. The existence of such sensors raises the question of how best to analyze the data with so many spectral bands. Though existing conventional multispectral analysis methods will still be useful in the hyperspectral era ahead, it becomes clear that they fall short of the ideal in several senses. For example, conventional methods often prove computationally unreasonable for large numbers of bands, they may not enable the extraction of all the information from the data that might otherwise be possible, and they may prove excessively cumbersome for researchers in their work. In the paper, after a brief introduction, some of the basic characteristics fundamental to the analysis process are outlined. This is followed by an example showing how they may be applied to hyperspectral data analysis. >
Secure Computation for Privacy Preserving Biometric Data Retrieval and Authentication

The goal of this research is to develop provable secure computation techniques for two biometric security tasks; namely biometric data retrieval and authentication. We first present models for privacy and security that delineate the conditions under which biometric data disclosure are allowed, the conditions under which the protocol for data exchange should be provable secure, and the conditions under which the computation should be provable private. We then present a novel technique based on singular value decomposition and homomorphic encryption to achieve secure computation for biometric data retrieval. Finally we show a proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed techniques to realize a privacy preserving speaker verification system.
Auditory Stroop reveals implicit gender associations in adults and children

Gender provides a powerful social heuristic for structuring incoming information. Thus, it may be diYcult to attend to aspects of a person’s sex without also activating irrelevant gender associations. In two experiments, an auditory Stroop revealed implicit gender associations. Participants categorized the sex of voices saying names and words stereotypically associated with male, female or neutral gender roles. Both adults and children were slower when the voice’s sex was stereotypically incongruent with the spoken word or name. Although both groups showed such interference, children—who are generally less Xexible about gender roles—showed more interference in response to gender-stereotypical words (e.g., football) than names (e.g., Rachel), whereas adults showed the opposite pattern. Given the simplicity of this task, the auditory Stroop might be used both to tap into implicit gender associations and to investigate their development.
Developmental Renal Physiology of the Low Birth Weight Pre-Term Newborn

AbstractPurpose: The remarkable growth of the kidney and the rapid changes in renal function in the second half of gestation and early postnatal period are discussed.Materials and Methods: Adaptation to the extrauterine environment involves immediate postnatal natriuresis that is prolonged in the pre-term neonate, followed by the sodium retention necessary for growth. Glomerular filtration rate increases throughout the postnatal period, and it is modulated by the renin-angiotensin system and prostaglandins. Because of this, the fetus and neonate are particularly susceptible to renal injury following the administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Renal tubular function in the neonate is characterized by reduced renal concentration and acidification ability, which can be further compromised by obstructive uropathy. Urine calcium excretion is high in the neonate, which can be aggravated by calciuric drugs, such as furosemide and glucocorticoids.Results...
Structure and properties of thin films of binary rodlike/flexible polyimide mixtures

Binary mixtures of a rodlike poly(p-phenylene pyromellitimide) (PMDA-PDA) and a flexible 6F-BDAF polyimide synthesized from hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride and 2,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy-p-phenylene) hexafluoropropane were prepared by solution-blending of the meta-PMDA-PDA poly(amic ethyl ester) and 6F-BDAF poly(amic acid) precursors, followed by solvent evaporation and thermal imidization. Mixtures containing different molecular weights of 6F-BDAF poly(amic acid) were studied. The size scale of the phase separation, as measured by light scattering, is ca. 1 μm or smaller in most cases. The domain size is primarily set by the demixing of the precursor polymers during solvent evaporation, with no significant coarsening observed during the thermal imidization. The observed variation of the domain size with molecular and process parameters such as composition, molecular weight, and film thickness is discussed in terms of the miscibility of the precursor polymers, rate of solvent evaporation, and solidification. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and dielectric relaxation measurements indicate that the glass transition temperature of 6F-BDAF is unaffected in all of the mixtures studied, indicating complete demixing of rodlike and flexible polyimides in agreement with theory. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show a strong surface segregation of 6F-BDAF in mixtures containing as low as 10% by weight of the 6F-BDAF component in the bulk. The mixtures with PMDA-PDA as the major matrix component therefore exhibit excellent mechanical toughness, dimensional stability up to 500°C, low coefficients of thermal expansion (< ca. 10 ppm/°C), and low dielectric constants (<3.0). On the other hand, the surface properties of the mixtures are dominated by the flexible 6F-BDAF, resulting in excellent polymer/polymer self-adhesion (lamination) properties between fully imidized films.
Recursive functions in Iris

A complete and efficient implementation of linear, one-side recursive queries in Iris, an object-oriented database management system, is described. It is shown that recursion can be easily and efficiently added to a large class of existing database management systems. A B-tree type access path called the B++ tree that has been implemented to support the computation of recursive functions in Iris is also described. The perforamnce of B++ trees is reviewed. >
Exploring talent management in India: The neglected role of intrinsic rewards

The challenge of global talent management is critical to firm success. Even with the global economic slowdown of 2008 and 2009, there are continuing challenges in attracting, managing, and retaining talent, especially in the developing regions of the world where economic activity has outpaced the availability of skilled employees. To examine this situation, we develop and test a model of talent management across 28 Indian firms involving 4811 professional-level employees. The intrinsic rewards experienced are a critical element in employee retention, satisfaction with the organization, and career success. We explored four antecedents of intrinsic rewards: the social responsibility of the employer, pride in the organization, manager support, and performance management (PM). We found support for the importance of intrinsic rewards as a mediating variable, as well as for the moderating role of certain hygiene factors. Our research suggests multinational, international, and national employers may have non-pecuniary mechanisms to promote retention and employee satisfaction, even in challenging labor market environments. We conclude by proposing implications for research and global HRM practices.
Counterion binding in partially neutralized copolymers of crotonic acid and vinyl alcohol

A series of copolymers of partially neutralized crotonic acid and vinyl alcohol have been prepared with acid monomer contents ranging from 4 to 43 mole-%. The extent of binding of sodium counterions was studied by a transference method employing radiotracers. Comparison of these data with those obtained previously by Nagasawa and Rice for maleic acid copolymers and Wall and co-workers for poly(acrylic acid) gives further support to the contention that the overall charge density on a polyion governs the total counterion binding. Results of potentiometric titrations and viscosity measurements are also reported.
Understanding Patients’ Preferences for Referrals to Specialists for an Asymptomatic Condition:

Background: A specialty referral is a common but complex decision that often requires a primary care provider to balance his or her own interests with those of the patient. Objective: To examine the factors that influence a patient’s choice of a specialist for consultation for an asymptomatic condition and better understand the tradeoffs that patients are and are not willing to make in this decision. Design: Stratified cross-sectional convenience sample of subjects selected to parallel US population demographics. Participants: Members of an Internet survey panel who reported seeing a physician in the past year whose responses met objective quality metrics for attention. Main measures: Respondents completed an adaptive conjoint analysis survey comparing specialists regarding eight attributes. The reliability of assessments and the predictive validity of models were measured using holdout samples. The relative importance (RI) of different attributes was computed using paired t tests. The implications of uti...
MASSACHUSETTS ATTORNEYS IN THE CLOUD— HOW MASSACHUSETTS REGULATIONS AND A CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM CAN PROVIDE MORE THAN A WISP OF GUIDANCE THROUGH THE FOG OF ETHICAL CLOUD COMPUTING

One hour—that is all it took to wipe away my digital storage in its entirety. First, the hacker compromised and deleted my Google account. Then, he broke into my Twitter account and posted hateful messages under my name. Finally, the hacker conducted the worst breach of all—my Apple ID account. Once my Apple ID was compromised, the hacker remotely erased all the data on my MacBook, iPad, and iPhone. Everything was gone. How could this happen to me? I write for a technology periodical. I attend tradeshows and look for new developments in technology. My job is to know technology, the gadgets, and the proper use of these products. How was this done? Through the cloud, where one’s data is stored on a cloud vendor’s server and can be accessed with an Internet
Radiation measurements at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linear accelerator

The injector and source of particles for the Advanced Photon Source is a 2856-MHz, S-band, electron-positron linear accelerator (linac). It produces electrons with energies up to 650 MeV or positrons with energies up to 450 MeV. Radiation measurements were made during normal electron and positron operation, as well as during several beam loss scenarios. Neutron and gamma measurements made outside the shielding walls during normal operation are within DOE guidelines. Measured radiation fields are compared to predicted levels for different conditions.
Cochrane reviews allow firm conclusions to be made about the effectiveness of various local and systemic treatments for wounds and ulcers

Commentary on: Brolmann FE, Ubbink DT, Nelson EA, et al. Evidence-based decisions for local and systemic wound care. Br J Surg 2012;99:1172–83.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BBritish%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bsurgery%26rft.stitle%253DBr%2BJ%2BSurg%26rft.aulast%253DBrolmann%26rft.auinit1%253DF.%2BE.%26rft.volume%253D99%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D1172%26rft.epage%253D1183%26rft.atitle%253DEvidence-based%2Bdecisions%2Bfor%2Blocal%2Band%2Bsystemic%2Bwound%2Bcare.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1002%252Fbjs.8810%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22777856%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/bjs.8810&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22777856&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F16%2F4%2F120.atom
A shape matching approach for scheduling fine-grained parallelism

We present a compilation technique for scheduling parallelism on fine grained asynchronous MIMD systems. The shape scheduling algorithm is introduced that utilizes the flexibility of a MIMD system to exploit parallelism within and across basic blocks. Existing techniques exploit parallelism across basic blocks through speculative execution of instructions and code duplication. Our algorithm overlaps the execution of instructions from different basic blocks through matching the shapes of schedules belonging to these basic blocks. In addition, the shape algorithm can reduce the compilation time by increasing the grain size of schedulable units. Experimental results demonstrate that this technique exploits parallelism effectively and that by increasing the grain size the shape algorithm achieves faster compilation times without any significant reduc- tion in program speedup.
Minimally Invasive Surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is performed with small devices inserted through intact natural orifices or channels, or small incisions used to create an orifice. Some procedures are performed with devices located outside the body, and thus are noninvasive. The MIS procedures are an alternative to open surgery. The benefits of MIS include reduced patient trauma, postoperative recovery time, and healthcare costs. Keywords: minimally invasive surgery; MIS; endoscope; robot-assisted surgery
The Damnedest Summer Reading List: The History, Politics and Culture of Law in Kentucky

New lawyers and attorneys transplanted to Kentucky are often unprepared for the way that the commonwealth's political history has shaped, framed and explained the law. This short piece attempts to guide the perplexed with a highly selective annotated bibliography. The article lists books in three areas. First, books that illustrate the history and politics that lies just under the surface of Kentucky jurisprudence are discussed. Then, works on Kentucky's legal culture are surveyed. Finally, the short list of commentaries on the state's constitution are described.
Exploring The Impact Of The US Measles Outbreak On Parental Awareness Of And Support For Vaccination

Despite consensus among health officials that childhood immunizations are a safe and effective means of protecting people from disease, some parents remain hesitant about vaccinating their children. This hesitancy has been linked to a lack of confidence in recommended vaccinations as well as a desire to delay or further space out scheduled vaccinations but also outright refusal of vaccines. Using two national surveys of parents of children ages five and younger, collected immediately prior to and in the weeks following the 2014-15 US measles outbreak, this study examined the awareness of this vaccine-preventable disease outbreak among parents and whether awareness of the outbreak affected their beliefs about childhood vaccination, confidence, and intentions. The study found that while most parents were aware of the outbreak, many were not, and the level of familiarity mattered, particularly on measures of confidence in vaccines and support for mandates requiring childhood vaccination. Increases in vaccine-related concerns were found as well, indicating that disease outbreaks foster not just awareness of vaccines and their potential to prevent disease but a range of parental responses.
Psychological Empowerment and Employee Outcomes in Mexico: Role of Power Distance.

In this research we examine a model of psychological empowerment and employee outcomes in the Mexican cultural context. We proposed that perceived organizational support will be positively related to psychological empowerment which in turn will be related to employee outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors and in-role behaviors. We further proposed that power distance will moderate these relationships such that the positive effects of empowerment on outcomes will be more favorable for employees with low power distance orientation. Results based on a survey of employees and their managers in a Mexican manufacturing plant (N=158) provided support for most of the hypothesized relationships. We discuss implications for the theory and practice of psychological empowerment in organizations.
Distributional associations among Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus lice (Mallophaga, Trichodectidae) and pocket gopher hosts of the Thomomys bottae group (Rodentia: Geomyidae)

A computerized taxonomic and geographic storage, retrieval, analysis, and distribution mapping system was used to evaluate 51,670 specimens of Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus chewing lice collected from 226 species and subspecies of the pocket gophers Thomomys bottae, T. umbrinus, T. townsendii , and T. bulbivorus . These lice consisted of 52 species and subspecies in 8 complexes. Comparison of the geographic ranges of louse complexes with those of associated host taxa showed that, while most host taxa had a fairly uniform louse fauna, 70 subspecies possessed geographically separated localities with 2 or more louse taxa from the same genus. The distribution of louse complexes corresponded reasonably well to pocket gopher species but showed a somewhat different separation between T. bottae and T. umbrinus than that presently defined by gopher taxonomists. Comparison of geographically isolated host populations based on louse associations showed both similarities to and differences from that based on allozymal similarity among the hosts, with the louse-based groups geographically well defined. Individual hosts rarely harbored more than 1 louse species per genus, and in 1 case where this occurred the host was found to be an F1 hybrid of parental taxa that were each associated with 1 of the louse species.
The Effect of Temperature on Growth of Endothia (Cryphonectria) Parasitica in Vitro and in Vivo

Three virulent and three curative, hypo virulent strains of Endothia parasitica were grown on agar media in the laboratory at eight different temperatures. The growth rate of several strains change...
Neurons the decision makers, Part I: The firing function of a single neuron

This paper is concerned with understanding synthesis of electric signals in the neural system based on making pairwise comparisons. Fundamentally, every person and every animal are born with the talent to compare stimuli from things that share properties in space or over time. Comparisons always need experience to distinguish among things. Pairwise comparisons are numerically reciprocal. If a value is assigned to the larger of two elements that have a given property when compared with the smaller one, then the smaller has the reciprocal of that value when compared with the larger. Because making comparisons requires the reciprocal property, we need mathematics that can cope with division. There are four division algebras that would allow us to use our reciprocals arising from comparisons: The real numbers, the complex numbers, the non-commutative quaternions and the non-associative octonions. Rather than inferring function as from electric flow in a network, in this paper we infer the flow from function. Neurons fire in response to stimuli and their firings vary relative to the intensities of the stimuli. We believe neurons use some kind of pairwise comparison mechanism to determine when to fire based on the stimuli they receive. The ideas we develop here about flows are used to deduce how a system based on this kind of firing determination works and can be described. Furthermore the firing of neurons requires continuous comparisons. To develop a formula describing the output of these pairwise comparisons requires solving Fredholm's equation of the second kind which is satisfied if and only if a simple functional equation has solutions. The Fourier transform of the real solution of this equation leads to inverse square laws like those that are common in physics. The Fourier transform applied to a complex valued solution leads to Dirac type of firings. Such firings are dense in the very general fields of functions known as Sobolev spaces and thus can be used to represent the very diverse phenomena in and around us. The non-commutative solution in quaternions can be interpreted as rotations in space. The also non-commutative and non-associative solution in octonions has yet to be adequately interpreted outside physics.
Herpes gestationis: Clinical features of immunologically proved cases

Clinical features of eight immunopathologically proved cases of herpes gestationis (HG) are presented. They are compared with those of an earlier, clinically defined series. The important features of the disease are identical in the two groups, particularly the worsening with subsequent pregnancies, absence of intervening HG-free pregnancies, and the exacerbation with delivery and estrogens. The immunopathologic investigations are a reliable, diagnostic aid in differentiating HG from other dermatoses of pregnancy with which it may, at times, be confused.
MyTime: Designing and Evaluating an Intervention for Smartphone Non-Use

Though many people report an interest in self-limiting certain aspects of their phone use, challenges adhering to self-defined limits are common. We conducted a design exercise and online survey to map the design space of interventions for smartphone non-use and distilled these into a small taxonomy of intervention categories. Using these findings, we implemented "MyTime," an intervention to support people in achieving goals related to smartphone non-use. We conducted a deployment study with 23 participants over two weeks and found that participants reduced their time with the apps they feel are a poor use of time by 21% while their use of the apps they feel are a good use of time remained unchanged. We found that a small taxonomy describes users' diverse set of desired behavior changes relating to smartphone non-use, and that these desired changes predict: 1) the hypothetical features they are interested in trying, 2) the extent to which they engage with these features in practice, and 3) their changes in behavior in response to the intervention. We link users' desired behaviors to the categories of our design taxonomy, providing a foundation for a theoretical model of designing for smartphone non-use.
Plasmonic gratings with nano-protrusions made by glancing angle deposition for single-molecule super-resolution imaging

Super-resolution imaging has been advantageous in studying biological and chemical systems, but the required equipment and platforms are expensive and unable to observe single-molecules at the high (μM) fluorophore concentrations required to study protein interaction and enzymatic activity. Here, a plasmonic platform was designed that utilized an inexpensively fabricated plasmonic grating in combination with a scalable glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique using physical vapor deposition. The GLAD creates an abundance of plasmonic nano-protrusion probes that combine the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from the periodic gratings with the localized SPR of these nano-protrusions. The resulting platform enables simultaneous imaging of a large area without point-by-point scanning or bulk averaging for the detection of single Cyanine-5 molecules in dye concentrations ranging from 50 pM to 10 μM using epifluorescence microscopy. Combining the near-field plasmonic nano-protrusion probes and super-resolution technique using localization microscopy, we demonstrate the ability to resolve grain sizes down to 65 nm. This plasmonic GLAD grating is a cost-effective super-resolution imaging substrate with potential applications in high-speed biomedical imaging over a wide range of fluorescent concentrations.
Inducing Application of Interdisciplinary Frameworks: Experiences from the Domains of Information Literacy and Responsible Conduct of Research

Constructivist frameworks for information literacy and research ethics can be developed and nurtured in the context of an interdisciplinary course. Using the frameworks of two disciplines, students went on an experiential journey in support of ethics foundations through guest lectures and active learning exercises. This study describes the development and content of the responsible conduct of research and information literacy modules and discusses the role of each in an interdisciplinary course. Learning goals for both modules were evaluated by examining student responses in a free-writing exercise at the end of the semester, concluding with a discussion of the structural and concept similarities and implications for generalization of skills.
National Institutes of Health Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Late Effects Initiative: Developing Recommendations to Improve Survivorship and Long-Term Outcomes

Abstract Continual advances in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) have greatly improved early transplantation-related mortality and broadened the applicability of this intense but curative therapy. With growing success there is increasing awareness of late complications, occurring ≥1 year after treatment, and their associated morbidity and mortality in HCT survivors. These late effects occur with a wide spectrum in terms of latency, intensity, reversibility, and lethality. There is a need to understand the biology, surveillance, management, and patient experience of HCT-related effects, as well as the health care and research infrastructure to manage this growing population. To address these needs, the National Cancer Institute and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute cosponsored a 12-month initiative to identify barriers and knowledge gaps and to formulate research and practice recommendations. Six major areas of interest were identified: research methodology and study design, subsequent neoplasms, patient-centered outcomes, immune dysregulation and pathobiology, cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, and health care delivery. These findings were presented during the 2016 workshop and revised based on public response. This report provides an overview of the National Institutes of Health HCT Late Effects Initiative process and recommendations.
Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a progressive disease of the corneal endothelium characterized by the thickening of Descemet membrane, formation of guttae, and loss of endothelial cells, resulting in corneal edema and a significant decrease in visual acuity. First described over one century ago by Austrian ophthalmologist Ernst Fuchs, significant strides have been made in our understanding of this complex disease. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology and genetic basis of FECD and discuss potential medical therapies.