cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Production of ROS: Deviations from the “Standard Model”

Since the discovery of mitochondrial ROS production by P.K. Jensen in 1966, numerous mechanistic details of this process have been revealed. The mainstream interpretation of the obtained data has shaped a “standard model” of mitochondrial ROS production, which, although lacking a formal description, is currently widely accepted. The “standard model” postulates that the major primary ROS generated in mitochondria is superoxide. This superoxide is predominantly generated by Complexes I and III of the respiratory chain, and possibly, a few other enzymes e.g., dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. Most of the data to support this concept have been obtained by inhibitor analysis with specific inhibitors of respiratory chain complexes and matrix enzymes. The biological ramifications of this model are tremendous, ranging from philosophical “mitochondrial theory of aging” to very practical and costly enterprises aimed at making mitochondria-targeted antioxidants that would “curb the production of ROS in mitochondria”. However, there are reported cases, in which the results of inhibitor analysis did not fit the “standard model”. We will discuss these cases in our presentation.
SIGTARP: A Problem in Name Only?

One of the very interesting distinctions between a nominally private body of law, such as Torts, and a public body of law, such as Administrative Law, is the relative weight each assigns to examining the underlying merits of a decision. In Torts, the question is nearly always, "What is Justice?" In Administrative Law, justice, or efficiency, or some other specific social policy usually takes a back seat to questions about process and institutional structure. Administrative Law, despite its obvious relevance to nearly every facet of modern life, turns to a surprising degree on matters of form. Little is seemingly more "inside baseball" than Mr. Sims’s concerns regarding the indefinite location, within our constitutional structure, of the Special Inspector General for TARP. The SIGTARP is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, of course. And he is removable by the President. So far, so good. However, even by the wide-ranging remits of the various IGs Congress has authorized, the SIGTARP does enjoy an unusual degree of independence from the President. Sims suggests that this independence from the Executive, paired with a correlative identification with Congress, and topped by the IG’s potential to dictate the terms of Executive action, raises serious constitutional concerns. Put simply, his concern is that Congress—acting through the SIGTARP—will obtrude into a function explicitly assigned to the President, that he should take care to faithfully execute the laws. As abstract as power-allocating debates can be, the persuasiveness of contending positions usually turns on some adverse practical consequence. (Of course, this consequence may not be the one that prompts a litigant to challenge the allocation; it may simply be enough that some other avoidable evil may persuade a court to intervene.) Accordingly, Mr. Sims does not rest solely on the abstract inelegance of the SIGTARP’s role, but focuses attention on the specific potential for mischief he finds inherent in the entire scheme. While the SIGTARP is something less than a model of clockwork design, I am not persuaded that it isn’t an acceptable way to tell time. I’ll
Recovery from forward masking in cochlear implant listeners depends on stimulation mode, level, and electrode location

Psychophysical recovery from forward masking was measured in adult cochlear implant users of CochlearTM and Advanced BionicsTM devices, in monopolar and in focused (bipolar and tripolar) stimulation modes, at four electrode sites across the arrays, and at two levels (loudness balanced across modes and electrodes). Results indicated a steeper psychophysical recovery from forward masking in monopolar over bipolar and tripolar modes, modified by differential effects of electrode and level. The interactions between factors varied somewhat across devices. It is speculated that psychophysical recovery from forward masking may be driven by different populations of neurons in the different modes, with a broader stimulation pattern resulting in a greater likelihood of response by healthier and/or faster-recovering neurons within the stimulated population. If a more rapid recovery from prior stimulation reflects responses of neurons not necessarily close to the activating site, the spectral pattern of the incoming ...
Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: What are Our Obligations to the Kidney Only Recipient?

There has been a recent explosion in the number of simultaneous liver and kidney (SLK) transplants performed. This practice is crowding out the population of ESRD patients waiting for a kidney transplant. It has been alleged from retrospective, anecdotal reports, often from voluntary registries, that there is a survival advantage for those with renal dysfunction that receive an SLK compared to Liver Transplant Alone. However, this survival advantage is quite small—about 5% at 1 and 5 years at best. A new algorithm introduced in 2016 by UNOS may make this problem worse by allowing SLK transplant for patients who may not have permanent kidney failure with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as high as 30cm3/min. The transplant community needs to have a high degree of vigilance to identify which groups of patients are being disadvantaged when reallocation schemes are created to direct organs from one group to another.
The Agile Manifesto, design thinking and systems engineering

New and non-traditional movements in the engineering fields potentially have a positive impact on classical systems engineering models in terms of promoting innovation. These movements include off shoots of the Agile Manifesto such as Agile Software Engineering, Agile Software Systems Engineering and Agile Project Management, the rise and popularity of Design Thinking as practiced by IDEO and others and the success in new software programs of redefining basic engineering principles such as the Zen of Python. This paper discusses two of these movements and assesses the potential of incorporating them in generic system engineering steps. The viability and strength of systems engineering models (Classic V, Waterfall, Spiral and others) has been proven by their sheer longevity and the wealth of successful outcomes. However, today's external environment including what has been termed the technology explosion has dramatically truncated time to market requiring consideration of increasing agility in our process steps. It is agility that is the common thread in these new movements.
Fantasy beliefs and false memories: The role of visual evidence and peer interactions

Abstract Earlier work has shown that children’s fantasy beliefs can shape their autobiographical reports, with those with strong beliefs most at risk for making supernatural claims in line with the fantasy. In this investigation, we experimentally manipulated two factors presumed to affect the influence of fantasy belief on memory, namely children’s exposure to seeming evidence of the existence of a fantastic entity and an opportunity to interact in a natural manner with peers. Results indicated that exposure to evidence and peer interaction can boost the extent to which children provide supernatural details in their reports of personal experience that could be interpreted in line with a commonly believed fantasy, and that this combination of influences can lead those with equivocal beliefs to provide accounts that are as implausible as those of believers. Despite the potential of evidence and peers to bring about higher levels of fantastic productions, these factors also fostered increases in the provision of realistic details, demonstrating that the opportunity to interact with peers in the face of evidence for a supernatural interpretation of experience can facilitate a fantastic construal of some elements of experience as well as enhance the encoding and retrieval of actual occurrences.
Abstract 12: Effect of Corticospinal Tract Injury on Motor Cortex Function and Connectivity After Stroke

Background and Purpose: Behavioral outcome after stroke is the product of both neural injury and neural function. Little is known about how injury to the corticospinal tract (CST) affects the function of motor cortex. The purpose of this study was to understand how subcortical injury to the CST affects function and connectivity of motor cortex. Methods: Patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke completed (1) a 3-minute resting-state EEG recording using a dense-array (256-lead) system, (2) a structural MRI scan, and (3) behavioral testing. Motor cortex activity was defined as EEG power within the high beta (20-30 Hz) frequency band commonly associated with motor network activity. Motor cortex connectivity was defined as coherence in the same frequency band. CST injury was defined as % lesion overlap with CST. Results: Of the 39 subjects (56 ± 14 years, 10 females, 15 ± 25 months post-stroke), none had injury to ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1). Spearman correlation analyses revealed that increased CST injury was significantly related to reduced cortical activity in EEG leads overlying M1 (r= -0.48, p Conclusions: Increased CST injury after stroke is associated with decreased activity in those motor areas that issue descending fibers via this tract, a finding consistent with prior reports indicating that axonal injury modulates upstream function of surviving cortical elements. Increased CST injury was not associated with changes in M1 connectivity, suggesting a retained capacity for plasticity in support of behavioral recovery.
Two pegs are better than one: rare mode of femoral component failure in unicompartmental arthroplasty requiring revision to total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Femoral component fracture is a rare complication in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, especially in cemented prostheses. We present a 75-year-old man who presented with a fractured single-peg Vanguard component 9 years postoperatively. He was revised to a total knee arthroplasty with an excellent functional outcome at 1 year. The components were additionally examined at an outside biomechanical engineering laboratory. Theories as to the cause of the component fracture include aseptic loosening due to a thin anterior cement mantle and the single-peg Oxford design.
A qualitative study of the experience of lower extremity wounds and amputations among people with diabetes in Philadelphia.

The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions among people with type 2 diabetes about foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations. This was a qualitative observational study utilizing open-ended, semistructured interviews of 39 people with diabetes who were purposively selected because they had either a foot ulcer (n = 19) or a lower extremity amputation (n = 20). Interviews were audio-recorded, deidentified, and entered into NVivo 10.0 for coding and analysis. Our integrated analytic approach combined inductively and deductively derived codes that were applied to all transcripts. Coded data were summarized and examined for patterns. Participants' description of the relationship between diabetes and their foot ulcer or amputation revealed a limited understanding of the disease process. Disruption and loss of independence was expressed whether the person had a foot ulcer or an amputation. Treatment recommendations for foot ulcers were viewed by most as extremely difficult. Amputation was a feared outcome, but some learned to adapt and, at times felt that the amputation enhanced their quality of life. Clinicians have assumed that a focus on limb salvage is preferred over a major amputation. However, because of the complexity of care requiring frequent healthcare provider visits, the frequency of care failure, the frequency of recurrence, and mortality associated with having had a foot ulcer, it may be more appropriate for clinicians to prioritize quality-of-life salvage. Foot ulcer treatment failure may be due to a lack of providers' understanding of the impact of treatment on a patient's life.
The Link Between Anxiety Severity and Irritability Among Anxious Youth: Evaluating the Mediating Role of Sleep Problems

Although recent studies have linked pediatric anxiety to irritability, research has yet to examine the mechanisms through which youth anxiety may be associated with irritability. Importantly, sleep related problems (SRPs) have been associated with both child anxiety and irritability, but research has not considered whether the link between youth anxiety and irritability may be accounted for by SRPs. The present study investigated whether SRPs mediated the relationship between anxiety severity and irritability in a large sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N = 435; ages 7–19 years, M = 12.7; 55.1% female). Anxiety severity, SRPs and irritability showed significant pairwise associations, and the indirect effect of youth anxiety severity on irritability, via SRPs, was positive and significant. The present analysis is the first to examine youth anxiety, irritability, and SPRs in a single model in a sample of anxious youth, and provides preliminary evidence that SRPs partially mediate links between child anxiety and irritability.
Continuous flow hygroscopicity-resolved relaxed eddy accumulation (Hy-Res REA) method of measuring size-resolved sodium chloride particle fluxes

The accurate representation of aerosols in climate models requires direct ambient measurement of the size- and composition-dependent particle production fluxes. Here, we present the design, testing...
Clinical and Economic Benefits of Pharmacist Involvement in a Community Hospital-Affiliated Patient-Centered Medical Home.

BACKGROUND: The primary goals of an accountable care organization (ACO) are to reduce health care spending and increase quality of care. Within an ACO, pharmacists have a unique opportunity to help carry out these goals within patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs). Pharmacy presence is increasing in these integrated care models, but the pharmacist’s role and benefit is still being defined. OBJECTIVE: To exhibit the clinical and economic benefit of pharmacist involvement in ACOs and PCMHs as documented by clinical interventions (CIs) and drug cost reductions. METHODS: This is a retrospective quality improvement study. All interventions made by the pharmacist during the study period were documented using TAV Health. The interventions were then analyzed. Specific identified endpoints included the total number of documented interventions and number of CIs from each category, transition of care (TOC) medication reconciliations performed, discrepancies identified during TOC medication reconciliation, and cost ...
The flight of Newton's cannonball

Newton's Cannon is a thought experiment used to motivate orbital motion. Cannonballs were fired from a high mountain at increasing muzzle velocity until they orbit the Earth. We will use the trajectories of these cannonballs to describe the shape of orbital tunnels that allow a cannonball fired from a high mountain to pass through the Earth. A sphere of constant density is used as the model of the Earth to take advantage of the analytic solutions for the interior trajectories that exist for that model. For the example shown, the cannonball trajectories that pass through the Earth intersect near the antipodal point of the cannon.
Abortion, Demography of: United States

Abortion is one indicator of undesired fertility. In 2011, there were 1.06 million abortions in the United States, and the abortion rate was 16.9 per 1000 women aged 15–44; one in five pregnancies resulted in abortion. Groups overrepresented among women obtaining abortions and, in turn, having higher abortion rates include: women aged 18–24, black women, cohabiting women, and poor women. Given current abortion rates, it is estimated the 30% of U.S. women will have an abortion by age 45.
Fundamentals of Poroelasticity

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on fundamentals of poroelasticity. The presence of a freely moving fluid in a porous rock modifies its mechanical response. Two mechanisms play a key role in the interaction between the interstitial fluid and the porous rock: (i) an increase of pore pressure induces a dilation of the rock; and (ii) compression of the rock causes a rise of pore pressure, if the fluid is prevented from escaping the pore network. These coupled mechanisms bestow an apparent time-dependent character to the mechanical properties of the rock. If excess pore pressure, induced by compression of the rock, is allowed to dissipate through diffusive fluid mass transport, further deformation of the rock progressively takes place. The rock is more compliant under drained conditions than undrained ones. The chapter discusses the formulation and analysis of coupled deformation–diffusion processes, within the framework of the Biot theory of poroelasticity. The Biot model of a fluid-filled porous material is constructed on the conceptual model of a coherent solid skeleton and a freely moving pore fluid.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX as an Imaging and Therapeutic Target for Tumors and Metastases

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) which is a zinc containing metalloprotein, efficiently catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. It is constitutively up-regulated in several cancer types and has an important role in tumor progression, acidification and metastasis. High expression of CAIX generally correlates with poor prognosis and is related to a decrease in the disease-free interval following successful therapy. Therefore, it is considered as a prognostic indicator in oncology.
Introduction: Women’s Scholarship Within and Outside the Academy, 1870–1960

The introduction places women historians from the 1890s until 1960 into the broader context of women’s education and advancement. It traces women’s limited education prior to 1945 and highlights the revolutionary impact of the 1958 National Defense Education Act which provided federal support to women students. Up to 1960, women students came from wealthier families, and attended women’s colleges. Few were graduate students or later taught with men. The introduction briefly captures their subjects’ careers: lacking academic posts, or the few in academia. They were apt to be writers rather than instructors, but wrote popular and incisive studies.
Weyl’s Geometry solves the Riddle of Dark Energy

We rigorously prove why the proper use ofWeyl�s Geometry within the context of Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmological models can account for both the origins and the value of the observed vacuum energy density ( dark energy )...
Data Acquisition, Management and Transparency

Scientific practice and patient needs are rapidly accelerating the need for the interconnectivity of data and records. Fields especially active in this endeavor include genomic science, health outcomes research, developmental psychology, and neuroimaging studies, which generate and utilize large amounts of data housed on both public and private sites. Challenges in current efforts to build a more comprehensive data infrastructure include data stored in unconnected silos that are more or less accessible, data incompatibility, coding heterogeneity, and data storage and management too large for current infrastructures, especially as longitudinal data is added or links made to electronic health records or social media sites (Siu et al. 2016). Biobank policies and practices, data use and sharing, harmonization of definitions and policies to ease aggregation and comparison, and privacy regulations are under continuing development.
Intracellular calcium dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder: An analysis of converging organelle signaling pathways

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of complex, neurological disorders that affect early cognitive, social, and verbal development. Our understanding of ASD has vastly improved with advances in genomic sequencing technology and genetic models that have identified >800 loci with variants that increase susceptibility to ASD. Although these findings have confirmed its high heritability, the underlying mechanisms by which these genes produce the ASD phenotypes have not been defined. Current efforts have begun to "functionalize" many of these variants and envisage how these susceptibility factors converge at key biochemical and biophysical pathways. In this review, we discuss recent work on intracellular calcium signaling in ASD, including our own work, which begins to suggest it as a compelling candidate mechanism in the pathophysiology of autism and a potential therapeutic target. We consider how known variants in the calcium signaling genomic architecture of ASD may exert their deleterious effects along pathways particularly involving organelle dysfunction including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a major calcium store, and the mitochondria, a major calcium ion buffer, and theorize how many of these pathways intersect.
Association between training volume and lower extremity overuse injuries in young female athletes: implications for early sports specialization

Background: Recent studies indicated greater risk of overuse injuries among young female athletes than their male counterparts. However, few studies have focused on female athletes and the effect o...
A brief history of AIDS

Robert C Gallo, one of the co-discoverers of HIV, gives a personal and historical insight into 25 years of the disease
Three-dimensional numerical assessment of axial and torsional interface shear behaviour

Interfaces between geo-materials and soils play a critical role in a wide spectrum of geotechnical structures and soil/site characterization techniques in geotechnical engineering. Consequently, understanding the mechanics of interface shear behaviour at different scales can benefit both soil characterization and the design of geotechnical systems. This paper presents a series of numerical simulations that utilize the 3D discrete element modelling (DEM) technique and compares the results with those obtained from laboratory counterpart tests under axial and torsional axisymmetric interface shear. The difference observed in macro- and meso-scale responses under these loading conditions, such as shear strength, volumetric change, and shear zone characteristics are evaluated. In addition, responses at microscale including particle displacement trajectory, particles rotation, and local void ratio evolution are assessed allowing for links to the results obtained at larger spatial scales. These 3D numerical model studies expand the micromechanical processes under different shearing conditions previously presented by the authors from 2D to 3D space.
Advancing International Research on Long-Term Care: Using Adaptive Leadership to Build Consensus on International Measurement Priorities and Common Data Elements:

International research on long-term care (LTC) can valuably inform LTC policy and practice, but limited transnational collection of data on key LTC issues restricts the contributions of international LTC research. This special collection of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine helps close the gap between the status quo and the potential for international LTC research by cultivating a transnational common ground of internationally prioritized measurement concepts and sowing the seeds of international LTC common data elements. The articles in this special collection address both adaptive and technical challenges to international LTC measurement, build on and complement existing LTC measurement systems, and provide diverse international perspectives on the measurement of LTC across four overarching domains: LTC contexts, workforce and staffing, person-centered care, and care outcomes. From large transnational teams of scholars specifying the meanings of central LTC concepts, to smaller subnational research teams testing new measures of person-centered care across diverse local LTC settings, contributors spark new insights and point in new directions for a LTC measurement infrastructure supportive of person-centered care and lifelong thriving.
Aspergillus niger production of pectinase and α-galactosidase for enzymatic soy processing.

Abstract Soybean is a most promising sustainable protein source for feed and food to help meet the protein demand of the rapidly rising global population. To enrich soy protein, the environment-friendly enzymatic processing requires multiple carbohydrases including cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, α-galactosidase and sucrase. Besides enriched protein, the processing adds value by generating monosaccharides that are ready feedstock for biofuel/bioproducts. Aspergillus could produce the required carbohydrases, but with deficient pectinase and α-galactosidase. Here we address this critical technological gap by focused evaluation of the suboptimal productivity of pectinase and α-galactosidase. A carbohydrases-productive strain A. niger (NRRL 322) was used with soybean hull as inducing substrate. Temperatures at 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C were found to affect cell growth on sucrose with an Arrhenius-law activation energy of 28.7 kcal/mol. The 30 °C promoted the fastest cell growth (doubling time = 2.1 h) and earliest enzyme production, but it gave lower final enzyme yield due to earlier carbon-source exhaustion. The 25 °C gave the highest enzyme yield. pH conditions also strongly affected enzyme production. Fermentations made with initial pH of 6 or 7 were most productive, e.g., giving 1.9- to 2.3-fold higher pectinase and 2.2- to 2.3-fold higher α-galactosidase after 72 h, compared to the fermentation with a constant pH 4. Further, pH must be kept above 2.6 to avoid limitation in pectinase production and, in the later substrate-limiting stage, kept below 5.5 to avoid pectinase degradation. α-Galactosidase production always followed the pectinase production with a 16-24 h lag; presumably, the former relied on pectin hydrolysis for inducers generation. Optimal enzyme production requires controlling the transient availability of inducers.
An open, scalable, and flexible framework for automated aerial measurement of field experiments

Unoccupied areal vehicles (UAVs or drones) are increasingly used in field research. Drones capable of routinely and consistently capturing high quality imagery of experimental fields have become relatively inexpensive. However, converting these images into scientifically useable data has become a bottleneck. A number of tools exist to support this workflow, but there is no framework for making these tools interopreable, sharable, and scalable. Here we present an initial draft of the Drone Processing Pipeline (DPP), a framework for processing agricultural research imagery that supports best practices and interoperability. DPP emphasizes open software and data that can be shared among and used in whole or part by the research community. We are building the DPP as a distributed, scalable, and flexible pipeline for converting drone imagery into orthomosaics, point clouds, and plot level statistics. Our intent is not to replace, but to integrate components from the emerging ecosystem of utilities with a focus on end-to-end automation and scalability. The initial focus of DPP is the measurements of experimental plots in field research. In the future we expect that standardization will enable new scientific discovery by facilitating collaboration and sharing of software and data. Our vision is to create a processing pipeline that is open, flexible, extensible, portable, and automated. With modern tools, deploying a pipeline on a laptop or HPC should only take a single command. Running a pipeline and publishing data should require only input data and a defined workflow.
US quantum initiatives: from R&D to innovation

The US National Quantum Initiative Act of 2018 established a multi-agency program that aims to advance quantum information science (QIS) and promote application and commercialization. Agencies including the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, Air Force, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are growing their investments. The Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C) is an industry-driven consortium supported by NIST and more than 185 corporations, universities and other organizations to enable and grow the quantum industry and supply chain. This presentation will provide an overview of US NQI programs, especially those with a focus on innovation and economic benefit.
Distant from others, but close to home: The relationship between home attachment and mental health during COVID-19

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant consequences for Americans' daily lives. Many people are spending more time in their homes due to work from home arrangements, stay at home orders, and closures of businesses and public gathering spaces. In this study, we explored how one's attachment to their home may help to buffer their mental health during this stressful time. Data were collected from a three-wave, longitudinal sampling (n=289) surveyed at baseline, two, and four weeks after. We found a clear relationship between an individual's attachment to home and positive mental health. Across all three waves, home attachment was negatively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, participants' home attachment at baseline was predictive of subsequent mental health two weeks after, which suggests that one's relationship to their home was particularly important during the initial onset of the national response to the outbreak. Predictors of home attachment included conscientiousness, agreeableness, and restorative ambience. Over the course of the study, kinship ambience also emerged as a predictor of home attachment. In the midst of increased mental health concerns and limited resources due to COVID-19, the home may buffer some individuals from depressive and anxiety-related symptoms by functioning as a source of refuge, security, and stability.
Characterization of S. cerevisiae Protein Complexes by Representative DDI Graph Planarity

With the increasing availability of various types of biological data and the ability to measure interrelationships among molecular elements, biological networks have quickly emerged as the go-to structure to model biological elements and relationships. However, there is not a large body of research that closely analyzes the properties of the various biological networks in ways that allow for the increased extraction of valuable information from these networks and establishes useful connections between network structures and corresponding biological properties. In particular, exploring the underlying graph properties of biological networks augments our understanding of biological organisms as complex systems. Understanding these properties is critical to the process of generating knowledge from biological network models. These properties become particularly interesting when they can be correlated with specific structural and functional qualities associated with the entities represented by the graph/network. Planarity may be especially important to understanding and identifying protein complexes, which are frequently subject to physical constraints that may prevent the constitutive protein components from interacting in such a way that the resulting graph abstraction is densely connected. In this work, we investigate the planarity of domain-domain interaction (DDI) graphs for S. cerevisiae protein complexes with validated three-dimensional structures. We found that the majority of these protein complexes were planar, even with the exclusion of complexes that had small DDI graphs with very few edges. We also found significant structural and functional differences between groups of complexes with planar and nonplanar DDI graphs. These results provide additional context for the study of protein complexes within the network model, and this additional context may be important for general knowledge generation, as well as for specific tasks like protein complex identification.
The emergent construction of feminist identity in interaction

Abstract This case study is an analysis of college-aged womens’ conversations about feminist identity and tracks a shifting attitude among college women with respect to feminist identification. Using conversation analysis, I argue that the interlocutors’ feminist identity is an interactional achievement produced by collaboratively setting aside topics related to feminism. This practice (re)problematizes feminism and maintains hegemonic standards of ‘feminist’ as an identity that needs to be accounted for in conversation. Building on Eckert and McConnell-Ginet’s (2013) work on the phrase “I’m not a feminist, but…” I argue that feminist identification may be shifting, as the discourse in the present study fall more in line with “I am a feminist, but…,” producing a ‘sort of’ feminist identity. In the discursive process of relevantly setting aside qualities and practices associated with feminism, the interlocutors (re)establish normativity surrounding feminist identity and its enaction in everyday conversation.
Systematic Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach to Antibody Selection and Design of a Humanized Antibody against Multiple Addictive Opioids without Affecting Treatment Agents Naloxone and Naltrexone

Opioid drug use, especially heroin, is known as a growing national crisis in America. Heroin itself is a prodrug and is converted to the most active metabolite 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) responsible for the acute toxicity of heroin and then to a relatively less-active metabolite morphine responsible for the long-term toxicity of heroin. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are recognized as a potentially promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUDs). Due to the intrinsic challenges of discovering an mAb against multiple ligands, here we describe a general, systematic structure-based virtual screening and design approach which has been used to identify a known anti-morphine antibody 9B1 and a humanized antibody h9B1 capable of binding to multiple addictive opioids (including 6-MAM, morphine, heroin, and hydrocodone) without significant binding with currently available OUD treatment agents naloxone, naltrexone, and buprenorphine. The humanized antibody may serve as a promising candidate for the treatment of OUDs. The experimental binding affinities reasonably correlate with the computationally predicted binding free energies. The experimental activity data strongly support the computational predictions, suggesting that the systematic structure-based virtual screening and humanization design protocol is reliable. The general, systematic structure-based virtual screening and design approach will be useful for many other antibody selection and design efforts in the future.
Sleep duration and behavioral correlates in middle and high school students: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang province, China.

Abstract Objective To investigate the sleep duration and correlates from lifestyle, dietary and weight control behaviors in Chinese adolescents. Methods Data were from 2017 Zhejiang Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A total of 17059 adolescents were included in this study and sleep duration and other behaviors information was collected via a self-reported questionnaire. Regression coefficients (β), calculated by multivariable linear regression, were used to assess the effects of related behaviors on sleep duration, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results Overall, the mean sleep duration in adolescents was 7.99 h. Ever smoking, engaging in moderate physical activity and muscle strengthening activity, attending physical education classes, and watching television were significantly associated with longer sleep duration (P trend ≦0.01 for all). Adolescents with breakfast, fruits, vegetables, milk and soft drinks intake were more likely to have longer sleep duration (P trend Conclusion Chinese adolescents slept less than the counterparts in Western countries. Various lifestyle, dietary and weight control behaviors were associated with sleep duration.
Benznidazole Therapy Post-Heart Transplant and Surveillance Trypanosoma cruzi Testing with Donor Specific Antibodies

Introduction Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection), endemic throughout Latin America, has grown in geographic distribution due to changing migration patterns. While benznidazole (BZN) therapy (5 mg/kg/day x 60 days) is considered first-line treatment, data describing use in recipients of orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) are limited. As opposed to waiting for evidence of circulating parasite or presence on endomyocardial biopsy, our center treats based on PCR detection. Case Report A 48 year-old El Salvadoran immigrant with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and IgG positive, IgM negative T. cruzi serologies underwent OHT complicated by 2R acute cellular rejection at one month post. Maintenance immunosuppression included tacrolimus (goal 10-12 mcg/L), mycophenolate mofetil 1000 mg twice daily, and prednisone 5 mg daily. Surveillance T. cruzi PCR and blood smears were conducted weekly x 2 months, biweekly x 1 month, then monthly. Due to 3 consecutive positive, rising PCRs (Ct value from 27 to 34), BZN therapy was initiated 6 months post. Blood smears were negative at all time points. Given his immunosuppression, treatment goal was suppressive rather than curative. After 8 weeks of BZN therapy, repeat PCR testing remained negative. Of note, the reactivity of his Class I Cw4 increased from a mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 1600 pre-OHT to 3200 at 4 months after BZN therapy. However, due to institutional MFI cutoffs for de novo donor specific antibodies (DSA), these were classified as an increase in donor specific reactivity. His Class II DSA remained negative. The patient remains stable and is monitored via DSA and T. Cruzi PCR every 6 months. Summary IgG positive, IgM negative immunocompromised patients can develop asymptomatic T. cruzi reactivation, hence the vital role of surveillance PCR-based detection post-OHT. BZN therapy post-OHT appears to be effective for control of infection despite immunosuppression. Continued evaluation of DSA may be warranted post-BZN treatment.
Synergizing the Competing Values Framework and the Six-Box Model

This precis suggests that Cameron and Quinn’s (2011) competing values framework and Weisbord’s (1976) Six-Box Model can be leveraged in concert to make organizations more effective.
Accessibility Across Borders

Since prior work has identified that cultural differences influence user design preferences and interaction methods, as well as emphasizing the need to reflect on the appropriateness of popular HCI principles, we believe that it is equally important to apply this inquiry to digital accessibility and how accessibility fits within the design process around the world. Our long-term plan is to build upon work in this area by investigating how digital designers in different parts of the world consider accessibility and whether current accessibility resources (often developed in the west) meet or conflict with their approach to design.
Computational IR Spectroscopy of Insulin Dimer Structure and Conformational Heterogeneity

We have investigated the structure and conformational dynamics of insulin dimer using a Markov state model (MSM) built from extensive unbiased atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and performed infrared spectral simulations of the insulin MSM to describe how structural variation within the dimer can be experimentally resolved. Our model reveals two significant conformations to the dimer: a dominant native state consistent with other experimental structures of the dimer and a twisted state with a structure that appears to reflect a ∼55° clockwise rotation of the native dimer interface. The twisted state primarily influences the contacts involving the C-terminus of insulin’s B chain, shifting the registry of its intermolecular hydrogen bonds and reorganizing its side-chain packing. The MSM kinetics predict that these configurations exchange on a 14 μs time scale, largely passing through two Markov states with a solvated dimer interface. Computational amide I spectroscopy of site-specifically ¹³C¹⁸O labeled amides indicates that the native and twisted conformation can be distinguished through a series of single and dual labels involving the B24F, B25F, and B26Y residues. Additional structural heterogeneity and disorder is observed within the native and twisted states, and amide I spectroscopy can also be used to gain insight into this variation. This study will provide important interpretive tools for IR spectroscopic investigations of insulin structure and transient IR kinetics experiments studying the conformational dynamics of insulin dimer.
Tests of the static, open input-output model: an appraisal

As was pointed out in the introduction, measures of dispersion, such as standard errors, have never been calculated for the estimated coefficients in a cross-sectionally based interindustry model. However, empirical inputoutput models have been subjected to other types of experiments in order to determine their effectiveness in representing actual economic systems. The purpose of this chapter is to review some of the more widely used experiments with a view toward showing why they have been inconclusive. Specifically, the discussion to follow will provide the groundwork for a more powerful and more comprehensive test of the input-output approach. The material presented in this chapter will be neither comprehensive in its coverage nor detailed in its evaluation. Rather, it is meant to provide a set of ideas which will be expanded in subsequent chapters.
Policing the Line: International Law, Article III, and the Constitutional Limits of Military Jurisdiction

This Article addresses an important but undertheorized question in existing jurisprudence and scholarship: the proper role of international law in determining the constitutional line between Article III courts and military commissions. This Article makes two principal arguments. First, it explains why, as a normative matter, international law should inform the permissible scope of military commission jurisdiction. Second, this Article describes the functional value of international law in resolving the difficult line-drawing problems between military and Article III courts compared with other possible regulatory tools.Current litigation over military commission prosecutions at Guantanamo has focused on whether ex post facto principles prohibit military commissions from exercising jurisdiction over offenses such as material support for terrorism and conspiracy that do not violate international law and, therefore, were not prohibited by statute when committed. It leaves open the important question whether the United States can prosecute those offenses under the Military Commissions Act of 2006 based upon conduct that post-dates that statute’s enactment. The U.S.’s position is that such prospective prosecution of non-international law violations is permissible because the offenses violate a separate body of jurisprudence known as the U.S. common law of war. This Article critiques this theory by providing a formal and functional analysis of the continuing relevance of international law as a constitutional limit on military jurisdiction. It further supplies a framework for understanding international law’s role in constitutional analysis more generally.
Anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo from DNA damage induced by QS-ZYX-1-61

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore B43 Agents that cause DNA damage have been widely used as anticancer drugs for decades. The DNA lesions can make DNA checkpoints initiation and induce cell death. In recent years, there are many clinical trials were designed in combination with many DNA damage agents which trigger apoptosis through different mechanisms. The compound QS-ZYX-1-61 is a new DNA damage drug which GI50 value of 0.02 μM in A549 human lung carcinoma cells using SRB assay. We found that treatment with QS-ZYX-1-61 results in a dramatic increase of apoptosis with caspase- 3/8/9 activation and survivin down-regulation using Western blot analysis. In addition, the increased expressions of p53, p21, and Bcl-2 family member puma, indicated the cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase after the cells had been treated with QS-ZYX-1-61. However, both the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/checkpoint kinase (Chk) 2 and ATM- and Rad 3-related (ATR)/Chk1 checkpoint pathways are activated after treatment with DNA damage agents. In the present data indicate that exposure to QS-ZYX-1-61 may lead to ATM and chk2 activation, with the downstream consequences related to the arrest in cell cycle progression to undergo apoptosis. In a corollary in vivo study, QS-ZYX-1-61 significantly inhibition of tumor growth in SCID mice inoculated with A549 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that QS-ZYX-1-61 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo via the activation of DNA damage checkpoints in A549 cells. Base on these results, QS-ZYX-1-61 is a potential antitumor agent worthy of further investigation.
Partial order semantics and read arcs

We study a new partial order semantics of Petri nets with read arcs, where read arcs model reading without consuming, which is often more adequate than the destructive-read-and-rewrite modelled in ordinary nets without read arcs. As basic observations we take ST-traces, which are sequences of transition starts and ends. We define processes of our nets and derive two partial orders modelling causality and start precedence. These partial orders are related to basic observations and their system states just as in the ordinary approach the single partial order of a process is related to firing sequences and reachable markings. Our approach also supports a new view of concurrency as captured by steps.
The Gift of Unbelief

In a recent address at a major international conference on “Belief and Metaphysics,” the radical orthodox theologian John Milbank suggested that after the past century of anti-metaphysics–a century...
Transportation and switching of native ethernet frames across MPLS/GMPLS managed and controlled optical data networks

In this talk, we outline and propose simple optical networking solutions that constitute a credible starting foundation en-route to the rapid adoption and deployment of fully automated optical data networking paradigms.
The Effects of Dual Enrollment Credit on Gender and Race

The researcher of this study examined dual enrollment and Huskins Bill course effects on academic success and graduation rates by gender and race. Quantitative statistical measures including parametric and non-parametric means comparisons, including ANOVA, t-test and chi-square tests, were used to analyze data from 15, 527 North Carolina community college students. The researcher found that dual enrollment and Huskins Bill courses showed positive effects on GPA and graduation rates for non-white students and positive effects in graduation rate for female students enrolled in community college programs.
Lithium Jet Neutralizer to Improve Negative Ion Neutral Beam Performance

Fusion neutral beam systems have conventionally used gas cells of the beam isotope as neutralizers. In the design of negative ion beam systems for ITER, and likely also for future reactors, the large gas efflux arising from these cells can lead to many problems. We discuss the possibility of decreasing the gas load by using a lithium jet neutralizer, which would also afford higher neutralization efficiency.
Advances in the Identification of Transfer Function Models using Prony Analysis

This paper further advances the usefulness and understanding of Prony analysis as a tool for identification of models. The presented results allow more generality in the assumed model formulation. In addition, a comperison is made between Prony analysis and autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) modeling. Special attention is given to system conditions often encountered with power system electromechanical dynamics.