cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lieuwe Van Aitzema: A Soured but Knowing Eye

One encounters some of the most interesting figures of history while venturing down the bypaths of one’s researches. I found one such while cutting through the thickets of seventeenth-century Dutch history. Lieuwe van Aitzema is hardly unknown to specialists, to be sure, but he has been for them little more than a richly informed chronicler, if one whose pen was dipped in the acid of total cynicism. How that attitude squared with his apparent conversion to Catholicism late in life has been a puzzle ever since the sources indicating his change of religion were discovered a few decades ago.1 Historians of the Cromwellian regime have long known some of his work but not the man himself, for his secret dispatches from The Hague that are printed in John Thurloe’s Collection of State Papers are without his signature. As for historians of the Dutch Republic, they can do no work on the middle decades of the seventeenth century without drawing upon Aitzema’s Saken van Staet en Oorlogh (“Affairs of State and War”) as their fullest and best contemporary printed source. Yet, within the pages of that work, scattered in the midst of documents printed in extenso and arid, if highly useful detailed accounts of events, are to be found commentaries of great pungency and highly personal character on history, politics, and religion. It is Aitzema’s mind as revealed in these obiter dicta which is the object of my attention in these pages.
Needle Impedance-Electromyography (I-EMG): a New Technique for the Electrodiagnostic Laboratory (P2.454)

Objective: We created a novel impedance-electromyography (I-EMG) needle electrode that expands needle electromyography (EMG) diagnostic capabilities by simultaneously measuring electrical impedance (I). Background: Needle EMG remains the standard clinical test for neuromuscular disease assessment, but it only characterizes myofiber membrane depolarization. On the other hand, impedance allows for quantitative measurement of muscle structure and composition, which could otherwise only be interrogated with muscle biopsy. To date, needle EMG and impedance could not be measured simultaneously with the same device. Design/Methods: We designed the first-of-its-kind needle electrode integrating impedance and EMG measurement capabilities. I-EMG recording characteristics were optimized via finite element method simulations. We compared measurements taken with our I-EMG needle and conventional EMG needle in muscle at rest and during activity in wild-type (wt, n=5) and muscular dystrophy (mdx, n=5) mice at 6 weeks of age. Comparisons were assessed with Mann-Whitney test, two-tailed, p Results: The spontaneous EMG signal recorded using our I-EMG needle is similar to that obtained with a standard commercial monopolar EMG needle. Mdx muscle had lower impedance values as compared to wt muscle (p Conclusions: Needle I-EMG is a feasible and valuable improvement over conventional needle EMG, as it can provide muscle compositional and structural information that needle EMG cannot. Needle I-EMG could serve as a new bedside tool to assess neuromuscular disease without increasing the complexity or duration of the standard needle EMG. Disclosure: Dr. Rutkove has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kwon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanchez has nothing to disclose.
Infectious Diseases in the Aftermath of Hurricanes in the United States

We aim to highlight the common infectious pathogens that affect evacuees, non-evacuees, and medical responders following hurricanes in the USA, in order to help clinicians quickly diagnose and treat patients and increase medical preparedness in hurricane affected areas. Hurricanes facilitate the spread of infectious pathogens through population displacement, flooding, and trauma. Hurricane shelters create conditions that lead to the spread of infectious pathogens due to overcrowding, resource limitation, and reduced hygiene. The pathogens that tend to spread during hurricanes are often endemic to the hurricane-affected area. Patients with chronic infections, such as HIV and tuberculosis, can experience disruption in medical care during hurricanes. The Gulf and Atlantic Coasts of the USA have experienced many devastating and costly hurricanes in recent history. Hurricanes create conditions that facilitate the spread of endemic infectious pathogens, especially among evacuees and temporary residents of emergency shelters, and can also damage public health infrastructure which can disrupt medical care in patients with chronic infections. In order to mitigate the effects of hurricanes on the spread of infectious diseases, public health workers and clinicians should implement preparedness plans that ensure patients with chronic infections have sufficient supply of their medications in the event that their care is disrupted, patients have copies of their medical records, evacuation centers are appropriately staffed and supplied, infection control protocols are implemented in evacuation centers, and emergency responders are provided with education on potential infectious exposures and have access to protective equipment to minimize the spread of infectious pathogens.
Geschichte als Politikum: Lettland und die Aufarbeitung nach der Diktatur

In this absorbing and elegantly written work, Katja Wezel explores the efforts of Latvian governments since the fall of communism to stabilize Latvian nationhood. Wezel’s thesis is that ethnicity d...
Patients with Mental Health History

This chapter contains a case study of a patient with mental health history who presents to urgent care for neck and back pain.
Production Performance, Quality and Lipid Composition of Eggs from Laying Hens Fed Heated Flaxseed with Carbohydrase Enzymes

SUMMARY The current study investigated the effect of heat processing or carbohydrase enzyme addition on egg production, egg quality, egg fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, and lipid oxidation products in eggs from layer hens fed flaxseed. A total of ninety-six 23-wk-old white leghorn laying hens were kept in individual cages and were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups, with 6 replicates containing 4 hens per each replicate. The hens were fed corn soybean meal-based diet containing 15 g/100 g raw flaxseed (Flax), 15 g/100 g heated (60°C for 8 h) flaxseed (HFlax), Flax+0.1% enzyme (Flax+E), and HFlax+0.1% enzyme (HFlax+E). The experimental diets were fed for a period of 120 d. Hen-day egg production and egg mass (g/hen/d) were highest for HFlax and HFlax+E and lowest for Flax+E (P 0.05). Albumen weight as percentage of egg weight was lower in Flax when compared to HFlax, Flax+E, or HFlax+E (P 0.05). Hens fed HFlax had lower concentration of linoleic acid (mg/egg) than Flax+E and HFlax+E (P 0.05). No difference was observed in the α-tocopherol content of the eggs (P > 0.05). Enzyme supplementation and heating of flaxseed increased γ-tocopherol content in Flax+E and HFlax+E eggs (P
Perceptions and Experiences of Diversity and Inclusion of Outdoor Educators in Higher Education

This study examined the results of the diversity and inclusion (D&I) survey administered to the Association of Outdoor Recreation and Education (AORE) membership in the fall of 2016. The purpose of the study was to discover the current perceptions and experiences regarding D&I of the AORE membership, which is made up primarily of outdoor education professionals and students in higher education outdoor programs. Additionally, the study looked at current D&I programming in outdoor programs, what has been most and least successful, and what barriers may be in place for the creation of an inclusive environment for underrepresented populations. The survey included quantitative and qualitative responses. Findings and implications of the study will contribute to scholarship and practice around D&I in the field of outdoor education.Subscribe to JOREL
Effects of Optical Turbulence and Density Gradients On Particle Image Velocimetry

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a well-established tool to collect high-resolution velocity and turbulence data in the laboratory, in both air and water. Laboratory experiments are often performed under conditions of constant temperature or salinity or in flows with only small gradients of these properties. At larger temperature or salinity variations, the changes in the index of refraction of water or air due to turbulent microstructure can lead to so-called optical turbulence. We observed a marked influence of optical turbulence on particle imaging in PIV. The effect of index of refraction variations on PIV has been described in air for high Mach number flows, but in such cases the distortion is directional. No such effect has previously been reported for conditions of isotropic optical turbulence in water. We investigated the effect of optical turbulence on PIV imaging in a large Rayleigh-Benard tank for various path lengths and turbulence strengths. The results show that optical turbulence can significantly affect PIV measurements. Depending on the strength of the optical turbulence and path length, the impact can be mitigated in post-processing, which may reduce noise and recover the mean velocity signal, but leads to the loss of the high-frequency turbulence signal.
Catholic Faith and Legal Scholarship

The most obvious and the most personally important way in which scholarship reflects faith knows no distinction between Protestants and Catholics. For all of us who are Christians, the life of the scholar is our vocation, our contribution to the building of the Kingdom, our share in the church's mission. We did not just stumble upon this life of scholarship, or choose it because it is interesting, exciting, or fun (though sometimes it is). Rather, we discerned through prayerful reflection upon our gifts, our opportunities, and the needs of our communities that God called us to serve others by striving to know, and to communicate by teaching and publication what we come to know. Perhaps some dramatic experience like that which befell Saul on the road to Damascus pointed us on the scholarly way. No matter. The discovery occurred. What of the questions we choose to engage? Again, it seems to me that Catholics and Protestants alike are properly influenced by the scholarly state of the art, by a senior colleague's advice, and by what the elite law reviews seem to want. Partly, it is a matter of what interests us: that some question seems compelling is quite possibly evidence of God's plan for us. But this feeling of being grabbed must be subordinated to a calm consideration of what, here and now, is worth figuring out because it will help build the Kingdom. Is that the end of the way our faith influences our scholarship? Is there anything between the covers (after we have identified a topic) that distinguishes the Catholic legal scholar's articles, book chapters, monographs? Where on the pages are the Roman fingerprints? Let us leave aside the more obvious telltale signs: a citation to Aquinas or to a document of Vatican II; a decidedly pro-life perspective on abortion by someone named Murphy whose middle initials are F. X.; an article on social justice by someone named Gaffney.
Ahmed H. Zewail: 4D visualization of matter: recent collected works

Whenever we e-mail Nobel laureates requesting information for articles, as we have often done, we usually receive an e-mail reply and pertinent references. Therefore we were surprised to receive an unexpected personal telephone call—‘‘This is Ahmed Zewail’’— followed by a huge box of numerous reprints, pictures, and even T-shirts, bearing his portrait on an Egyptian postage stamp. Our long, profusely illustrated (42 figures) article, ‘‘Observing the femtoworld of molecules: The 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,’’ appeared in the Chemical Educator 2002, 7, 100–119. The Egyptian-born chemist was the first Ph.D. graduate from the University of Pennsylvania (GBK’s undergraduate alma mater) to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Zewail received the prize ‘‘for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtospectroscopy,’’ a field that he singlehandedly pioneered. His femtosecond (1 fs = 10s, from the Danish-Norwegian femten, ‘‘fifteen’’ laser experiments on the synchronous excitation of small molecules have had a tremendous impact on chemistry and on the way in which chemists picture a molecule as it undergoes a chemical reaction. According to Zewail, ‘‘How wonderful that we can now study the structure and dynamics of the chemical bond from simple table salt all the way to complex proteins.’’ Practical applications have led to the rise of the related fields of femtobiology, femtophysics, and other femtosciences. Not one to rest on his laurels, Zewail and his Caltech co-workers have authored what appears to be an endless stream of articles, advancing from his award-winning work. In 2008 (Barwick, B.; Park, H. S.; Baskin, J. S.; Zewail, A. H., ‘‘4D Imaging of Transient Structures and Morphologies in Ultrafastelectron Microscopy,’’ Science 21 Nov. 2008, 322, 1227–1237), they announced a technological breakthrough that allowed, for the first time, the real-time, real-space visualization of fleeting changes in the structure and shape of matter barely a billionth of a meter in size. The new technique, which Zewail dubbed four-
Chemical and physical studies of cyclitols containing four or five hydroxyl groups.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of nuclear magnetic resonance, with examples selected from among those cyclitols that contain four or five hydroxyl groups and that have been uniformly assigned numbers lower than those for other functional groups, for example, 3,6-dinitro-1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetrol. Ten diastereoisomers are predicted for a quercitol or deoxyinositol. Quercitols are best prepared by the hydrogenation of a corresponding anhydroinositol. Epimerization of a quercitol can be affected by oxidation to a ketotetrol followed by reduction. Separation of cyclitol mixtures is effected by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, paper chromatography, and gas chromatography, employing acetates, methyl ethers, and trimethyl ethers. Solid-state measurements on cyclitols include melting-point studies, solubility studies, thermodynamic measurements, infrared spectra, x-ray powder patterns, and optical and x-ray crystallography.
Ibrutinib and rituximab induced rapid response in refractory Richter syndrome

We report a 53-year-old man diagnosed with Richter syndrome. He was heavily pretreated and was refractory to prior therapy. He received rituximab and ibrutinib, and achieved a significant response after 1 month of therapy. Our case illustrates the importance of investigation of rituximab and ibrutinib in Richter's syndrome.
Prevention of mammary tumorigenesis by aqueous and lipid pomegranate fruit extracts (PFE's): In vitro and in vivo studies

5535 # The chemoprevention agents tamoxifen and raloxifene reduce the risk of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers by 50% but have side effects and do not prevent ER- breast cancers.There is interest in the use of natural products for cancer prevention and treatment. Pomegranate is an edible fruit rich in polyphenols (e.g. ellagic acid and punicalagin) and conjugated fatty acids (e.g. punicic acid) whose antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties are known. Recently, both aqueous and lipid phase PFE’s have been shown to exert anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in breast, prostate, skin, and lung cancer cell lines. We investigated if PFE’s prevents breast neoplasia in vivo and the underlying in vitro mechanism. We employed aggressive ER- breast cancer cell lines MDA 231 and SUM 149 and MCF10A immortalized breast epithelial cells as normal controls. Cells were treated with an ethyl acetate extract of fermented pomegranate juice (W) at doses from 50 - 400 mcg / ml for 48hrs. Proliferation was assessed using the MTT assay and apoptosis using the Annexin 5 method. A significant dose-dependent decrease in the rate of proliferation and a dose dependent induction of apoptosis, which appeared to be selective for the cancer cells, was noted. We further elucidated the mechanism by which the extract induces apoptosis. We previously showed that SUM 149 and MDA 231 cell lines have constitutive NFkB activity, which regulates downstream mediators of critical functions like angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor invasion. Using a luciferase gene reporter assay, we demonstrated dose-dependent decreases in NFkB activity at dose ranges of 100 - 500 mcg/ml in MDA 231 and SUM 149 cell lines. Further studies are planned to evaluate the effects of the lipid PFE in these settings. To determine the potential clinical efficacy of PFE9s for cancer prevention, we employed a proprietary PFE emulsion (PE) consisting of seed oil and concentrated fermented aqueous phase extracts (including fermented fruit juice) in nulliparous, 100-day old Her2/neu transgenic mice. These were gavaged with 200 microliters of PE (n=8), 200 microliters of a comparable inert vegetable oil-in-water emulsion placebo (n=7) and no treatment (n=20). Currently (about 100 days into the experiment), 30% of the no treatment control group have tumors with a mean age of tumor onset of 31 weeks. Of the placebo arm, 28% of mice have tumors with a mean age of tumor onset of 28.5 weeks. Thus far 100% of the PFE treated group is at 32 weeks of age with 0 tumors, and the study is ongoing. Taken together, these data suggest that PFE9s, including the proprietary emulsion employed, show promise for breast cancer prevention and warrant human trials.
THE ROLE OF CONSERVATION RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTERS IN GROWING NATURE-BASED TOURISM

There are increasing numbers of private (nonprofit and for-profit) centers that carry out conserva - tion research and education in locations of environmental concern. Such centers generate revenue streams that directly support conservation programs and also sustain surrounding human communities. This paper assesses the size of the centers' economic impacts. We conducted separate studies of the economic impacts of the Cheetah Conservation Fund (Namibia) and (jointly) the Rowe Bird Sanctuary and Whooping Crane Trust (central Nebraska, USA). We collected data on direct expenditures and surveyed visitors and volunteers on their spending. For the Cheetah Conservation Fund, we estimate total economic impact using a Social Accounting Matrix developed for Namibia to determine appropriate multipliers. For the Rowe Sanctuary and the Whooping Crane Trust, we employ the IMPLAN Pro modeling software. We find that the Cheetah Conservation Fund generates a total economic impact of US$4.13 million per year and Rowe Sanctuary/Whooping Crane Trust generates US$3.80 million annu- ally; the former sustains 177 jobs and the latter creates 63 jobs. Are such impacts significant? Two considerations suggest they are. First, such centers tend to be located in remote, usually rural areas where even small impacts may be important in sustaining local human communities. Second, for Africa alone we identified some 352 active conservation centers (undoubtedly a large undercount), so if on average each had an economic impact equal to that of Cheetah Conservation Fund, their combined impact would total about $1.5 billion per year.
Mining residential household information from low-resolution smart meter data

The implementation of electricity smart meters has raised a number of privacy concerns, related to all sorts of information about the nature of the residents that could be inferred from readings of the power consumption. In this paper we attempt to classify households according to different classes, ranging from the presence of kids and of specific appliances to the employment status and education level of the residents. We apply a wide range of features and classification methods and measure the achievable accuracy. It is shown that, at a time resolution of 30 minutes, only a few of the investigated problems give a satisfactorily accuracy, while most of them would require a higher sampling frequency that is not practical for smart meters.
Female Sex Hormones, Contraceptives, And Fertility Drugs

Substances that interact with estrogen or progesterone receptors have clinical applications in hormone replacement therapy, birth control, prevention and treatment of hormone-dependent cancer, and in stimulation of fertility. This chapter describes the specific drugs in each of these categories, and their counterparts now in clinical trials or in use experimentally, with respect to mechanism of pharmacologic action, noteworthy routes of biotransformation, structure–activity relationships, and current and future prospects for therapeutic uses. The history of discovery and current understanding of the molecular endocrinologic basis of selective estrogen receptor modulators are covered, as are mechanistic, structural, and clinical aspects of drugs that interfere with estrogen biosynthesis (aromatase inhibitors). Structural and pharmacologic aspects of environmental/dietary estrogens and progestins are also included. Keywords: female sex hormones; contraceptives; fertility drugs
Employment and Gross Domestic Product Dynamics and Control of Interacting Nations

In this chapter models of Gross Domestic Product and Employment of two interacting nations are derived. This system is a hereditary differential game of pursuit. It utilizes the principles of supply and demand and of rational expectations. A theory of interaction via net export is postulated. The net export function may include trade, debt repayment, etc. International employments can also be included. The UN and IMF data for two nations are used to validate the theory and test for the degree of cooperation and competition. MATLAB andMaple programs are exploited. The consequences of cooperation and competition are studied, and controllability questions answered. Once the system is proved controllable it can be made sufficiently cooperating, and sustained growth of GDP and employment can be guaranteed.
Music of the First Nations: Tradition and Innovation in Native North America edited by Tara Browner

This collection of nine articles by nine authors reflects a general movement in ethnomusicology to present case studies and focused research rather than descriptive overviews of regions. The book's...
Impact of Giving on Self and Impact of Self on Giving

Recent research suggests that consumers are spending billions of dollars in interpersonal and self-gifting and yet, there is limited research regarding the giver's role of self and how this influences the choice of gift. Because self is so intertwined in both types of giving, the research reported here explores if different dimensions of the malleable self will be activated in various gift-giving contexts, depending upon the receiver and the occasion of the gift. Testing a conceptual model that for the first time combines both types of giving, this research uses three studies to explore how the gift-giving context can act as a situational cue and make accessible a particular view of the self, namely the giver's gender identity and self-construal to motivate choice of gift. Results suggest a new paradigm for considering consumer gift behavior and have theoretical and practical implications for advertising, selling, and other marketing contexts.
The Evolution of Shopping Center Research: A Review and Analysis

Retail research has evolved over the past sixty years. Christaller's early work on central place theory, with its simplistic combination of range and threshold has been advanced to include complex ...
REDUCED HOSPITAL DURATION OF STAY ASSOCIATED WITH REVISED EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT-INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ADMISSION POLICY: A BEFORE AND AFTER STUDY

Abstract Background Emergency department (ED) and hospital crowding adversely impacts patient care. Although reduction methods for duration of stay in the ED have been explored, few focus on medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients. Objective To quantify duration of stay or mortality changes associated with a policy intervention that changed the role of an MICU resident to "screen" and write MICU admission orders in the ED to instead meet the patient and write orders in the MICU if there was an available bed. The intervention moved "screening" bed management-appropriateness discussions to the MICU attending or fellow level. Methods We performed a retrospective before and after study at an urban, level 1 trauma center of adults admitted to the MICU from the ED during the first 6 months in 2009 before, and the corresponding 6 months in 2010, after the intervention. We collected demographics, ED, MICU, and hospital duration of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scores, and mortality from electronic medical records. Linear models compared duration of stay differences; logistic regression compared in-hospital mortality. T-tests assessed APACHE score changes before and after the policy change. Analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Results We included 498 patients, average age 66 years (±18), 52% male. Hospital duration of stay decreased 18% from 6.8 to 5.6 days (unadjusted p = 0.029). MICU duration of stay decreased from 3.5 to 3.3 days (unadjusted p = 0.34) and ED duration of stay from arrival to physical transfer decreased 40 min (375 to 324 min; unadjusted p = 0.006). Mortality and APACHE scores were unchanged. Conclusions A streamlined admission intervention from the ED to the MICU was associated with decreased ED and hospital duration of stay without altering mortality.
Horton Hatches the Egg: Concerted Action Includes Concerted Dispute Resolution

As interpreted by the Supreme Court, the Federal Arbitration Act has largely swept all before it, validating agreements to arbitrate almost all disputes, including those involving claims under statutes regulating the employment relation. That era may be nearing an end. The National Labor Relations Board recently held in In re D.R. Horton that employers may not compel employees to waive their NLRA right to pursue collective legal redress of employment claims. Instead, the NLRA mandates that some mechanism for concerted dispute resolution remain available in arbitral or judicial forums. Unsurprisingly, this decision has generated an enormous amount of litigation. Although the case itself is pending before the Fifth Circuit, courts across the country are now confronting Horton-based challenges to the enforcement of mandatory arbitration clauses in employment contracts. To date, they have generally rejected these challenges on various grounds. This Article will explore why these courts are wrong and why agreements that bar concerted dispute resolution are indeed invalid. The Board’s articulation of labor law rights ordinarily is entitled to judicial deference. But such deference has been called into question in Horton itself in part because of a recent circuit court decision invalidating recess appointments to the Board. As we will demonstrate, however, no deference is necessary because Horton reflects the correct - not merely a reasonable - interpretation of the NLRA as well as its predecessor, the Norris-LaGuardia Act. Moreover, although the Supreme Court has seemingly treated the Federal Arbitration Act as a “super-statute” that overwhelms all before it, the Court has simultaneously denied doing more than applying what textual analysis and interpretive conventions require. The Horton question will force the Court to confront the collision between what it says and what it does. Established doctrines of statutory interpretation, recently and resoundingly reaffirmed by the Court, dictate a contrary result. Indeed, to the extent the concerted activity mandate of federal labor law conflicts with provisions of the FAA, the former clearly supersedes the latter. With apologies to Dr. Seuss, Horton meant what it said and said what it meant. Courts must follow, one hundred percent.
Gender effects on student evaluations of faculty

L'A. etudie de quelle maniere les etudiants, homme et femme, evaluent leurs enseignants, homme et femme. Les questionnaires portent sur l'efficacite et les attitudes des enseignants
A numerical approach to analyze the internal electrical response of dielectric ceramics with arbitrary shaped inclusion

Multicomponent dielectric ceramic structures are becoming more desirable for their capability to satisfy the growing need for better sensitivity and selectivity of modern devices. Theoretical analysis of these multicomponent dielectric ceramic structures is rather complicated. Most of the reported analytical methods are generally limited to isotropic mixtures with spherical and in some cases elliptical inclusions. We believe that the inherent limitation in the analytical approach makes it difficult to get a closed form solution for arbitrary shaped inclusions. We have developed a rather simple and accurate numerical method which enables one to predict the internal electrical environment within the dielectric ceramics with arbitrary shaped inclusions. This method was used to calculate the potential distribution, the polarization and the effective permittivity. Discussion will also include the effect of the inclusion's shape on these properties.
Charge transfer in H + -H and H + -D collisions within the energy range 0.1-150 eV

Absolute charge-transfer cross sections for collisions of protons with hydrogen and deuterium atoms have been measured within the energy range 0.1 to 150 eV using the merging-beams technique. The results are in excellent agreement with a fully quantum-mechanical treatment of this reaction. Earlier measurements which extended down to about 10 eV lie somewhat above the present values.
Application of Sokolov's Method to Problems of Radiative Transfer

Abstract Sokolov's method of averaging functional corrections has been applied to a singular linear Fredholm integral equation which arises in the theory of radiative transfer. When compared to the method of successive approximations, Sokolov's method was found to be superior. In many cases the first approximation may be within the desired accuracy.
Dissolved iodine flux from estuarine sediments and implications for the enrichment of iodine at the sediment water interface

Abstract During the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in sediments iodine is released into solution. Three techniques have been applied to independently estimate the resulting flux of soluble I from the sediments to the overlying water of Mud Bay, Georgetown, South Carolina. Flux estimates (summer) range between ~ 5 and 41 μmol/m 2 /day. The estimates predicted from either the pore water I concentration gradient across the sediment-water interface or the dissolved I production rate are higher than the apparent flux measured directly at the same site. This suggests that I which is released to the pore water under the anoxic conditions below the sediment surface reacts with a sedimentary component at or near the sediment water interface and is lost from solution.
The life of the open sea

“Third Fisherman—Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea. First Fisherman—Why, as men do a-land; the great ones eat the little ones” Pericles
Age‐ and gender‐related influence on the lacrimal gland and tears

Previous research has demonstrated that distinct, gender-related differences exist in lacrimal glands in a variety of adult species. The objective of the current investigation was to examine whether this influence of gender extends throughout development and aging. Towards that end, morphological parameters of the lacrimal gland, as well as the volume, protein and IgG content of tears, were measured in male and female infant, pre-weanling, pubertal, adult, mid-life and senescent rats. Our results showed that dramatic, age-related variations occured in the weight and morphological appearance of the lacrimal gland. Moreover, the magnitude of structural changes was dependent upon gender. Acinar area was significantly greater in lacrimal tissue of males, as compared to females, at all ages except pre-weanling; this sexual dimorphism was most evident in senescent rats. In contrast, acinar density in lacrimal glands of females was higher than, or equal to, that of males throughout development and aging. With regard to tears, promounced increases were evident in tear volume, protein and IgG content from the pre-weanling stage to adulthood. After this time, these tear indices tended either to plateau or rise slightly until senescence. Gender had little or no impact of the volume of, or protein and IgG level in, tears. Of interest, the IgG/protein ratio in tears was 49– to 105–fold less than that found in lacrimal tissue, indicating that IgG moves down a gradient from the lacrimal gland to tears. Overall, our findings demonstrate that gender has a significant influence on lacrimal gland structure during development and aging. However, this impact is limited with respect to tear volume and protein content.
Do Linear-Chain Perfluoroalkanes Bind an Electron?

The adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs), vertical electron affinities (VEAs), and vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of linear-chain perfluoroalkanes (PFAs), n-CnF2n+2 (n = 2−8) are predicted using carefully calibrated computational methods (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 231). Density functional theoretical methods and hybrid Hartree−Fock/density functional methods have been used with double-ζ-quality basis sets with polarization and diffuse functions, DZP++. Vibrational frequency analyses were performed to compute the zero-point energy corrections and determine the nature of the stationary points. The estimated adiabatic electron affinities of linear-chain PFAs (CnF2n+2), from n = 3 to n = 8, turn out to be appreciable, ranging from 0.26 to 0.58 eV (B3LYP/DZP++ method). The corresponding zero-point-corrected values are a bit larger, ranging from 0.39 to 0.71 eV. C2F6 is the only n-PFA exhibiting a negative adiabatic electron affinity. The trends in AEAs of the n-PFA show that the AEA increases with increasing ...
High-resolution physical map of the immunoglobulin lambda variant gene cluster assembled by quantitative DNA fiber mapping.

Quantitative DNA fiber mapping (QDFM) allows rapid construction of near-kilobase-resolution physical maps by hybridizing specific probes to individual stretched DNA molecules. We evaluated the utility of QDFM for the large-scale physical mapping of a rather unstable, repeat-rich 850-kb region encompassing the immunoglobulin λ variant (IGLV) gene segments. We mapped a minimal tiling path composed of 32 cosmid clones to three partially overlapping yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones and determined the physical size of each clone, the extent of overlap between clones, and contig orientation, as well as the sizes of gaps between adjacent contigs. Regions of germline DNA for which we had no YAC coverage were characterized by cosmid to cosmid hybridizations. Compared to other methods commonly used for physical map assembly, QDFM is a rapid, versatile technique delivering unambiguous data necessary for map closure and preparation of sequence-ready minimal tiling paths.
A p -subset property of L 1 and regression quantile estimates

Abstract The L 1 estimate for the p -variable linear model has the well known property of fitting p observations exactly. A less well known property is that certain subsets of p observations will not be fit by the L 1 estimate for any realization of the dependent variables. This property is shown to generalize to other regression quantiles and to the set of all regression quantiles. This identifies subsets of the data which seem to be unimportant. The analog of the property for the location submodel is a situation where one observation, say the first, would not be any quantile for any sample. The implications of the property for other estimates which are based on p -observation subsets are discussed, but the property is considered mainly because it seems strange.
(Re)Weaving the Tapestry of Reflection: The Artistry of a Teaching Community

ly and less accessibly for teachers. Even as I was finishing this project, I was worrying about the dangers of becoming ungrounded by too much abstraction while I fretted on another level about the increasing elevation of theory over practice in composition. My intellectual history-like that of the teachers I've talked with-shows that my work has thrived on relationships with reflective counterparts, through whom it is constantly challenged, transformed, expanded, and refreshed. Textual others have an extraordinary part to play in enlarging reflection beyond the merely personal, as the teachers' conversations and materials emphasize. But face-to-face or other intimate reflective interactions, like Steve's letters to his This content downloaded from 157.55.39.217 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 04:01:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Chemical biology: How to minimalize antibodies

The success of antibodies as pharmaceuticals has triggered interest in crafting much smaller mimics. A crucial step forward has been taken with the chemical synthesis of small molecules that recruit immune cells to attack cancer cells.
The laryngeal saccule: Clinical significance

The association between the laryngeal saccule and a laryngocele is an important clinical relationship. Here, we describe this and other clinical correlations of the saccule including infection and carcinoma and suggest that these should be discussed in medical gross anatomy courses. We also briefly present some descriptive information on the anatomy and function of the saccule in humans and other higher primates.
Integrating Professional Development on Mathematics and Equity Countering Deficit Views of Students of Color

Research commonly finds that urban teachers bring deficit views about students of color with them into classrooms, and professional development efforts focused on this critical problem have been met with limited success. Therefore, scholars have called for work that integrates content and equity as a way to challenge teachers’ deficit views at the same time as they transform content instruction. However, few examples exist that describe how to do this. This article helps to fill this gap. Rather than a research paper, it conceptually details one perspective on integrating mathematics and equity within professional development for urban elementary teachers. The focus is to support teachers in gathering counter evidence to challenge dominant deficit narratives about students of color. This builds a teacher community that tells different stories as they develop their mathematics teaching. The authors use three vignettes from this work to illustrate the professional development perspective in action.
Antiferromagnetically coupled clusters and superconductors in pulsed magnetic fields

Abstract Pulsed field differential magnetization, dM/dB, and Faraday rotation measurements are reviewed in selected dilute magnetic semiconductors which required fields above 30 T for determining the antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between isolated pairs of magnetic ions or larger clusters. In some cases, nonequilibrium effects result in a narrowing (or broadening) of the peaks in dM/dB at the level crossings which produce the magnetization steps at high fields. Similar measurements on a molecular ferric wheel cluster of 10 Fe3+ ions are also discussed. Critical field measurements in K3C60 and RbC60 and other superconductors are briefly summarized. The pulsed user facility is outlined.
Containing pariah femininities: Lesbians in the sorority rush process

Mimi Schippers (2007) theorizes that hegemonic femininity operates in relation to and support of hegemonic masculinity. According to Schippers, hegemonic femininity is maintained by the containment of pariah femininities, gender non-conforming femininities that may contaminate the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and femininity. We extend Schippers’ theory by analyzing the containment practices that are used to manage pariah femininities by examining the containment of lesbians in the sorority life of a liberal arts college in the USA. Using interviews and focus groups with sorority members, we demonstrate the way sorority members engage in subtle containment practices such as silencing to prevent lesbians from joining their sorority.
Short-term vitamin E intake fails to improve cognitive or psychomotor performance of aged mice.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if relatively short-term vitamin E supplementation could reverse age-associated impairments in cognitive or motor function and the accumulated oxidative damage in the brain of aged mice. Separate groups of 5- or 20-month-old C57BL6 mice were placed on either a control diet or the same diet supplemented with α-tocopheryl acetate (1.65 g/kg). After 4 weeks on the diets, mice were tested for cognitive and motor functions over the next 8 weeks, during which the supplementation was maintained. Vitamin E supplementation increased the concentration of α-tocopherol in the cerebral cortex of both the young and old mice, but did not significantly affect oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the brain cortex. When compared with young controls, the old control mice showed slower learning of a swim maze, longer reaction times, diminished auditory and shock-startle responsiveness, and diminished motor performance on tests of coordinated running and bridge walking. The vitamin E-administered old mice failed to show improvement of function relative to age-matched controls on any of the tests, but did show altered retention performance on the swim maze task and impaired performance in the test of coordinated running. The latter effects were not evident in young mice on the supplemented diet. Results of this study suggest that, when implemented in relatively old mice, supplementation of vitamin E is ineffective in reversing preexisting age-related impairments of cognitive or motor function, and has little effect on common measures of protein or lipid oxidative damage in the mouse brain. Moreover, the current findings indicate that vitamin E could have detrimental effects on some brain functions when implemented in older animals.
Nuclear Translocation of Extradenticle Requires homothorax, which Encodes an Extradenticle-Related Homeodomain Protein

We show that homothorax (hth) is required for the Hox genes to pattern the body of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. hth is necessary for the nuclear localization of an essential HOX cofactor, Extradenticle (EXD), and encodes a homeodomain protein that shares extensive identity with the product of Meis1, a murine proto-oncogene. MEIS1 is able to rescue hth mutant phenotypes and can induce the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of EXD in cell culture and Drosophila embryos. Thus, Meis1 is a murine homolog of hth. MEIS1/HTH also specifically binds to EXD with high affinity in vitro. These data suggest a novel and evolutionarily conserved mechanism for regulating HOX activity in which a direct protein-protein interaction between EXD and HTH results in EXD's nuclear translocation.
Immune evasion in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus associated oncogenesis

A hallmark of herpesviruses is a lifelong persistent infection, which often leads to diseases upon immune suppression of infected host. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), is etiologically linked to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). In order to establish a persistent infection, KSHV dedicates a large portion of its genomic information to sabotage almost every aspect of host immune system. Thus, understanding the interplay between KSHV and the host immune system is important in not only unraveling the complexities of viral persistence and pathogenesis, but also discovering novel therapeutic targets. This review summarizes current knowledge of host immune evasion strategies of KSHV and their contributions to KSHV-associated diseases.
Asymmetric integrality with dimensions of visual pattern

Subjects performed speeded classification tasks with visual patterns that varied in two dimensions: the elements used to construct the patterns (the letters X, Y, V, and 0) and the configurations formed by the spatial arrangement of the elements. Neither dimension could be attended to selectively without interference from the other, indicating that the dimensions are integral. But the amount of interference between the two dimensions was asymmetrical; irrelevant variation of elements (while classifying by configuration) was harder to ignore than irrelevant variation of configuration (while classifying by elements). This held true whether the element or the configuration discrimination was easier in tasks with no irrelevant variation. It is concluded that the asymmetry is due to attentional strategies in the processing of these patterns and not to the discriminabilities of the dimensions used.
Pain-related increase of excitatory transmission and decrease of inhibitory transmission in the central nucleus of the amygdala are mediated by mGluR1

Neuroplasticity in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), particularly its latero-capsular division (CeLC), is an important contributor to the emotional-affective aspects of pain. Previous studies showed synaptic plasticity of excitatory transmission to the CeLC in different pain models, but pain-related changes of inhibitory transmission remain to be determined. The CeLC receives convergent excitatory inputs from the parabrachial nucleus in the brainstem and from the basolateral amygdala (BLA). In addition, feedforward inhibition of CeA neurons is driven by glutamatergic projections from the BLA area to a cluster of GABAergic neurons in the intercalated cell masses (ITC). Using patch-clamp in rat brain slices we measured monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and polysynaptic inhibitory currents (IPSCs) that were evoked by electrical stimulation in the BLA. In brain slices from arthritic rats, input-output functions of excitatory synaptic transmission were enhanced whereas inhibitory synaptic transmission was decreased compared to control slices from normal untreated rats. A non-NMDA receptor antagonist (NBQX) blocked the EPSCs and reduced the IPSCs, suggesting that non-NMDA receptors mediate excitatory transmission and also contribute to glutamate-driven feed-forward inhibition of CeLC neurons. IPSCs were blocked by a GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline). Bicuculline increased EPSCs under normal conditions but not in slices from arthritic rats, which indicates a loss of GABAergic control of excitatory transmission. A metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) antagonist (LY367385) reversed both the increase of excitatory transmission and the decrease of inhibitory transmission in the arthritis pain model but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in control slices from normal rats. The inhibitory effect of LY367385 on excitatory transmission was blocked by bicuculline suggesting the involvement of a GABAergic mechanism. An mGluR5 antagonist (MTEP) inhibited both excitatory and inhibitory transmission in slices from normal and from arthritic rats. The analysis of spontaneous and miniature EPSCs and IPSCs showed that mGluR1 acted presynaptically whereas mGluR5 had postsynaptic effects. In conclusion, mGluR1 rather than mGluR5 can account for the pain-related changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CeLC through a mechanism that involves inhibition of inhibitory transmission (disinhibition).
The Immutable Recognition of CD1d

CD1d presents lipid antigens to natural killer T cells. In this issue of Immunity, Wun et al. (2011) and Mallevaey et al. (2011) explore the molecular details of nonself lipid discrimination and self-recognition.