cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proposed Regulation of Gene Expression by Glucose in Rodent Heart

Methods and Results: Forced glucose uptake both ex vivo and in vivo results in mhc isoform switching. Restricting dietary glucose prevents mhc isoform switching in hearts of both GLUT1-Tg mice and rats subjected to pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. Thus, glucose availability correlates with mhc isoform switching under all conditions investigated. A potential mechanism by which glucose affects gene expression is through O-linked glycosylation of specifi c transcription factors. Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) catalyzes the fl ux generating step in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis, the rate determining metabolite in protein glycosylation. Ascending aortic constriction increased intracellular levels of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and the expression of gfat2, but not gfat1, in the rat heart. Conclusions: Collectively, the results strongly suggest glucose-regulated gene expression in the heart, and the involvement of glucose metabolites in isoform switching of sarcomeric proteins characteristic for the fetal gene program.
β-Catenin–Histone Deacetylase Interactions Regulate the Transition of LEF1 from a Transcriptional Repressor to an Activator

Recent evidence suggests that certain LEF/TCF family members act as repressors in the absence of Wnt signaling. We show here that repression by LEF1 requires histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Further, LEF1 associates in vivo with HDAC1, and transcription of a model LEF1-dependent target gene is modulated by the ratio of HDAC1 to beta-catenin, implying that repression by LEF1 is mediated by promoter-targeted HDAC. Consistent with this hypothesis, under repression conditions the promoter region of a LEF1 target gene is hypoacetylated. By contrast, when the reporter is activated, its promoter becomes hyperacetylated. Coexpression of beta-catenin with LEF1 and HDAC1 results in the formation of a beta-catenin/HDAC1 complex. Surprisingly, the enzymatic activity of HDAC1 associated with beta-catenin is attenuated. Together, these findings imply that activation of LEF1-dependent genes by beta-catenin involves a two-step mechanism. First, HDAC1 is dissociated from LEF1 and its enzymatic activity is attenuated. This first step yields a promoter that is inactive but poised for activation. Second, once HDAC1-dependent repression has been overridden, beta-catenin binds LEF1 and the beta-catenin-LEF1 complex is competent to activate the expression of downstream target genes.
Obesity as a barrier to living kidney donation: a center-based analysis

Background Obesity is a major epidemic and may present a significant barrier to living kidney donation. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of obesity as an exclusion factor and assess how often these donors lose weight and donate. Methods A single center, retrospective analysis of 104 potential living kidney donors between 2008 and 2012. Results Of the 104 donors, 19 (18%) had a normal body mass index (BMI) of 40). There were a total of 23 donors (22%) who were considered moderately and morbidly obese (BMI >35). Of these, only three (13%) succeeded at losing weight and donating. Conclusions Obesity may be a frequent barrier to living kidney donation, directly leading to exclusion as a potential kidney donor in about one in five instances. Successful weight loss leading to donation appears to be infrequent, suggesting need to address obesity in the donor population.
Fourier and Laplace Transforms

The simplest methods of determining J, given G, or vice versa, are based on the use of Laplace transforms. Fourier and Laplace transforms also find a variety of other applications in connection with viscoelasticity theory. Let us briefly review these transform methods.
Mapping and sequencing the human genome.

IN a 1986 editorial, Renato Dulbecco1 proposed that the best way to speed solution of the fundamental problems of cancer was to sequence the human genome completely — that is, to determine the sequence of nucleotides in each chromosome. (Remarkably, Dulbecco did not mention gene mapping, the process of locating the position of genes on chromosomes.) Large-scale sequencing had been under discussion for some time; indeed, a conference called by the Department of Energy at Los Alamos, New Mexico, to discuss the subject was held the week that Dulbecco's editorial appeared. But perhaps more than any other single factor, the . . .
Hysteresis in a quantized superfluid /`atomtronic/' circuit

Hysteresis is observed between circulation states in an ‘atomtronic’ circuit formed from a ring of superfluid Bose–Einstein condensate obstructed by a rotating weak link (a region of low atomic density), and may prove as crucial in future atomtronic devices as it has done in electronic devices. Hysteresis, a phenomenon by which the physical properties of a system depend strongly on the history of the applied perturbation, is widely exploited in electronic circuits including hard disk drives and flux-gate magnetometers and is essential to the function of radio-frequency SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices). Hysteresis is also fundamental to superfluidity and has been predicted to occur in superfluid atomic-gases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). Gretchen Campbell and colleagues now report the first direct detection of hysteresis between quantized circulation states in a circuit formed from a ring of superfluid BEC obstructed by a rotating weak link. The presence of hysteresis in this system is of importance in the emerging field of 'atomtronics', in which ultracold atoms have a role analogous to that of the electrons in electronics. Controlled hysteresis in atomtronic circuits may prove to be a crucial feature for the development of practical devices. Atomtronics1,2 is an emerging interdisciplinary field that seeks to develop new functional methods by creating devices and circuits where ultracold atoms, often superfluids, have a role analogous to that of electrons in electronics. Hysteresis is widely used in electronic circuits—it is routinely observed in superconducting circuits3 and is essential in radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices4. Furthermore, it is as fundamental to superfluidity5 (and superconductivity) as quantized persistent currents6,7,8, critical velocity9,10,11,12,13,14 and Josephson effects15,16. Nevertheless, despite multiple theoretical predictions5,17,18,19, hysteresis has not been previously observed in any superfluid, atomic-gas Bose–Einstein condensate. Here we directly detect hysteresis between quantized circulation states in an atomtronic circuit formed from a ring of superfluid Bose–Einstein condensate obstructed by a rotating weak link (a region of low atomic density). This contrasts with previous experiments on superfluid liquid helium where hysteresis was observed directly in systems in which the quantization of flow could not be observed20, and indirectly in systems that showed quantized flow21,22. Our techniques allow us to tune the size of the hysteresis loop and to consider the fundamental excitations that accompany hysteresis. The results suggest that the relevant excitations involved in hysteresis are vortices, and indicate that dissipation has an important role in the dynamics. Controlled hysteresis in atomtronic circuits may prove to be a crucial feature for the development of practical devices, just as it has in electronic circuits such as memories, digital noise filters (for example Schmitt triggers) and magnetometers (for example superconducting quantum interference devices).
Use of Internet Sources in International Studies Teaching and Research

This bibliographic review discusses and evaluates cost-free, reliable, quality online content useful to academics in international studies teaching and research at the college level, including how and where to locate such materials through guides, directories, gateway sites, repositories, and various types of search engines; considerations about Internet use in college classes; and undergraduate assignments that use sources of information from the Internet. There is also consideration of characteristics and trends of college student use of the Internet for research purposes, the “invisible” or deep web, electronic information literacy for academics, and maintaining current awareness on the fast-changing web.
Personalizing Aspirin Use for Targeted Breast Cancer Chemoprevention in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with the incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer for risk subgroups defined by selected nonmodifiable or difficult to modify breast cancer risk factors in order to better understand the potential risk-benefit ratio for targeted chemoprevention. Patients and Methods Postmenopausal women with no history of cancer on July 1, 1992 (N=26,580), were prospectively followed up through December 31, 2005, for breast cancer incidence (N=1581). Risk subgroups were defined on the basis of family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, age at menopause, parity/age at first live birth, personal history of benign breast disease, and body mass index. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors were estimated using Cox models. Results Aspirin use was associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer for women with a family history of breast cancer (HR, 0.62 for 6 or more times per week vs never use; 95% CI, 0.41-0.93) and those with a personal history of benign breast disease (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.95) but not for women in higher-risk subgroups for age at menarche, age at menopause, parity/age at first live birth, or body mass index. In contrast, inverse associations with aspirin use were observed in all lower-risk subgroups. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use had no association with breast cancer incidence. Conclusion On the basis of their increased risk of breast cancer, postmenopausal women with a family history of breast cancer or a personal history of benign breast disease could potentially be targeted for aspirin chemoprevention studies. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Cortisol profiles: A test for adaptive calibration of the stress response system in maltreated and nonmaltreated youth

Throughout the life span, exposure to chronic stress such as child maltreatment is thought to contribute to future dysfunction of the stress response system (SRS) through the process of adaptive calibration. Dysfunction of the SRS is associated with numerous health and behavior problems, so it is important to understand under what conditions and what time frame adaptive calibration occurs. The present study tested for adaptive calibration of the SRS in a sample of maltreated (n = 303) and nonmaltreated (n = 151) youth during the important developmental period of adolescence. Data were used from Waves 2, 3, and 4 of a larger study of the consequences of maltreatment on health and well-being. At each time point, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test for Children and provided a baseline and four poststressor saliva samples to measure cortisol reactivity. Adaptive calibration was tested by performing a latent profile analysis using the five samples of salivary cortisol provided at each time point, and testing whether maltreatment status predicted the likelihood of profile membership at Time 2, Time 3, and Time 4. Three cortisol profiles emerged from the data at each time point (blunted, moderate, and elevated), and results indicated that maltreated youth were more likely than nonmaltreated youth to present with the blunted cortisol profile compared to the moderate and elevated profiles at Time 2 and Time 3, even after controlling for recent exposure to violence and trauma. At Time 4, there was no longer a difference in profile membership between maltreated and nonmaltreated youth, suggesting adaptive calibration may be a lengthy process requiring a period of years to become evident. Overall, the findings provide support for adaptive calibration and offer insight into the conditions under which adaptive calibration occurs.
The structure-activity relationships of adrenergic compounds that act on the adenyl cyclase of the frog erythrocyte.

The structure-activity relationships were determined for adrenergic compounds which either activated or blocked the activation of a partially purified adenyl cyclase isolated from frog erythrocytes. The results suggested that the presence of a β-hydroxyl group was essential for activity and that the potency of agonists as well as antagonists increased with the size of the substituent group of the amino nitrogen. In addition to the requirements for receptor affinity, compounds with intrinsic activity (agonists) had to have either OH or CH2OH substituents in both the m- and p-positions of the benzene ring. Since these structural requirements agreed well with those reported for intact tissue preparations, utilization of this relatively simple, cell-free preparation of adenyl cyclase may be a useful method for studying compounds with beta-adrenengic activity and for further defining the chemical nature of a beta-adrenergic receptor.
An Anthropological View of Poverty

ABSTRACT The anthropological view of poverty incorporates various social science disciplines as it seeks to explain the relationship between human behavior and the social environment as well as the relationships between human beings. The anthropological views are rooted in comparative perspectives across cultures as well as in the analysis of local cultures. This literature review of poverty from an anthropological perspective includes theoretical perspective utilized contemporary anthropologists. It concludes with a discussion of the major challenges inherent in the anthropological study of poverty.
The glucose metabolite methylglyoxal inhibits expression of the glucose transporter genes by inactivating the cell surface glucose sensors Rgt2 and Snf3 in yeast.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic by-product of glycolysis. MG inhibits the growth of glucose-fermenting yeast cells by inhibiting glycolysis. MG does so by inducing endocytosis and degradation of ...
Optimizing Electron Transfer Mediators Based on Arylimidazoles by Ring Fusion: Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Computational Analysis of 2-Aryl-1-methylphenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles

A significant improvement of the properties of redox catalysts based on the triarylimidazole framework can be achieved with a simple structural modification. By linking the ortho-carbons of the aromatics positioned at C-4 and C-5, a fused framework is generated, removing the distortion from planarity and enhancing the influence of the substituents on the redox properties. This modification leads not only to a much broader range of available redox potentials for the resulting phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazoles but also to improved stability of the corresponding radical cation. These concepts were verified with eight new phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives, using cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. For this purpose, an optimized and general synthetic route to the desired compounds was developed. An excellent linear correlation of the calculated effective ionization potentials with the experimental oxidation potentials was obtained, allowing for an accurate prediction of oxidation potentials of derivative...
Which is a Better Method of Web Evaluation? a Comparison of User Testing and Heuristic Evaluation

Besides recognizing the importance of incorporating usability evaluation techniques in the design and development phase of any user interface (UI), it is also very important that designers recognize the benefits and limitations of the different usability inspection methods. This is because the quality of the usability evaluation is dependent on the method used. Two of the more popular usability evaluation techniques are user testing and heuristic analysis. The main objective of this study was to compare the efficiency and effectiveness between user testing and heuristic analysis in evaluating four different commercial websites. Comparing the proportion of usability problems and the type of problems addressed by these two methods both in the early and later stage of the design process does this. The results showed that both user testing and heuristic analysis addressed very different usability problems and with the exception compatibility and security and privacy problems, where heuristic analysis outperfo...
Angiostatic actions of capsicodendrin through selective inhibition of VEGFR2-mediated AKT signaling and disregulated autophagy

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature critical for embryonic development and vascular remodeling. Its dysregulation underlies numerous pathologic states ranging from ischemia to tumor growth and as such identifying new targeted- therapies is of significant interest for angiogenesis-based medicine. Here we evaluated the potential angiostatic properties of capsicodendrin (CPCD), a natural compound isolated from Cinnamosma macrocarpa, a plant belonging to the Malagasy Cinnamosma. CPCD potently inhibits endothelial proliferation, migration and capillary tube formation at nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations without inducing cytotoxic effects. We show that CPCD directly inactivates VEGFR2 and downstream AKT signaling, thereby strongly inducing autophagy as determined by increased expression of beclin1, autophagy-related gene (Atg) 3, Atg5 and LC3 cleavage. Ectopic AKT overexpression counteracts the inhibitory effects of CPCD on proliferation and capillary tubule formation. Importantly, CPCD treatment in vivo inhibits sprouting angiogenesis as evidenced by strongly reduced intersegmental vessel (ISV) sprouting and subintestinal vessel (SIV) formation during zebrafish embryonic development, and correlates with increased presence of LC3II along the ISVs despite overall reduced vasculature. These findings demonstrate CPCD as a potent inhibitor of the VEGFR2/AKT pathway at nanomolar concentrations and inducer of autophagy-related angiostatic effects.
Visual Evoked Potentials and Affective Ratings of Semantic Stimuli

In the last decade it has become quite evident that eventrelated brain potentials not only reflect changes in the physical parameters of a stimulus but are also quite sensitive to psychol ogical variables. The relationship between event-related brain potentials and concomitant ongoing cognitive processing has been the subject of numerous investigations which have been thoroughly reviewed (Regan, 1972; Beck, 1975; Callaway, 1975; Thatcher and John, 1977).
Quantitative bias analysis in an asthma study of rescue-recovery workers and volunteers from the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks

Abstract Purpose When learning bias analysis, epidemiologists are taught to quantitatively adjust for multiple biases by correcting study results in the reverse order of the error sequence. To understand the error sequence for a particular study, one must carefully examine the health study's epidemiologic data-generating process. In this article, we describe the unique data-generating process of a man-made disaster epidemiologic study. Methods We described the data-generating process and conducted a bias analysis for a study associating September 11, 2001 dust cloud exposure and self-reported newly physician-diagnosed asthma among rescue-recovery workers and volunteers. We adjusted an odds ratio (OR) estimate for the combined effect of missing data, outcome misclassification, and nonparticipation. Results Under our assumptions about systematic error, the ORs adjusted for all three biases ranged from 1.33 to 3.84. Most of the adjusted estimates were greater than the observed OR of 1.77 and were outside the 95% confidence limits (1.55, 2.01). Conclusions Man-made disasters present some situations that are not observed in other areas of epidemiology. Future epidemiologic studies of disasters could benefit from a proactive approach that focuses on the technical aspect of data collection and gathers information on bias parameters to provide more meaningful interpretations of results.
Arguing for Basic Income: Ethical Foundations for a Radical Reform

(1995). Arguing for Basic Income: Ethical Foundations for a Radical Reform. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 316-318.
Trusting the Simplicity of the Ultimate Question:A Customer Satisfaction Approach to SETs

Student evaluations of teaching (SETs) are important because in most academic settings, they serve as the primary basis for assessing faculty teaching, one of two key inputs into promotion and tenu...
High order spectral difference lattice Boltzmann method for incompressible hydrodynamics

Abstract This work presents a lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) based high order spectral difference method for incompressible flows. In the present method, the spectral difference (SD) method is adopted to discretize the convection and collision term of the LBE to obtain high order (≥3) accuracy. Because the SD scheme represents the solution as cell local polynomials and the solution polynomials have good tensor-product property, the present spectral difference lattice Boltzmann method (SD-LBM) can be implemented on arbitrary unstructured quadrilateral meshes for effective and efficient treatment of complex geometries. Thanks to only first oder PDEs involved in the LBE, no special techniques, such as hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method (HDG), local discontinuous Galerkin method (LDG) and so on, are needed to discrete diffusion term, and thus, it simplifies the algorithm and implementation of the high order spectral difference method for simulating viscous flows. The proposed SD-LBM is validated with four incompressible flow benchmarks in two-dimensions: (a) the Poiseuille flow driven by a constant body force; (b) the lid-driven cavity flow without singularity at the two top corners–Burggraf flow; and (c) the unsteady Taylor–Green vortex flow; (d) the Blasius boundary-layer flow past a flat plate. Computational results are compared with analytical solutions of these cases and convergence studies of these cases are also given. The designed accuracy of the proposed SD-LBM is clearly verified.
Brighter Outlook for Kidney Transplantation

The emphasis throughout this volume has been on maintenance of renal failure patients with dialysis; nonetheless, it is evident that the best survival, and certainly the best quality of survival for these patients, is dependent on the integration of two complementary therapies: transplantation and dialysis. The surgical contribution to the management of the patient with end-stage renal failure begins with the establishment of an access for dialysis. Once a dependable access has been developed, the best results are seen in a self-dialysis setting, either home hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Undoubtedly, access is the backbone of dialytic therapy.
Social Influence-Based Optimization Problems

The social influence is an important research subject in computational social networks. There are many optimization problems stemmed from study of social influence. In this article, we select a few of them to present a small survey in the literature and existing open problems about them.
Numerical models to simulate heat and mass transfer at sharp interfaces in nucleate boiling

This work describes a simulation technique for nucleate boiling that considers mass transfer with interfacial temperature gradients and a sharp interface. Interpolation functions estimate the tempe...
Valuing Bureaucracy: The Case for Professional Government by Paul R. Verkuil

Verkuil, P. A. (2017). Valuing bureaucracy: The case for professional government. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. $29.99 (paperback), ISBN: 978- 1316629666
Nanocalorimetry Reveals the Growth Dynamics of Escherichia coli Cells Undergoing Adaptive Evolution during Long-Term Stationary Phase

ABSTRACT Bacterial populations in long-term stationary-phase (LTSP) laboratory cultures can provide insights into physiological and genetic adaptations to low-energy conditions and population dynamics in natural environments. While overall population density remains stable, these communities are very dynamic and are characterized by the rapid emergence and succession of distinct mutants expressing the growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype, which can reflect an increased capacity to withstand energy limitations and environmental stress. Here, we characterize the metabolic heat signatures and growth dynamics of GASP mutants within an evolving population using isothermal calorimetry. We aged Escherichia coli in anaerobic batch cultures over 20 days inside an isothermal nanocalorimeter and observed distinct heat events related to the emergence of three mutant populations expressing the GASP phenotype after 1.5, 3, and 7 days. Given the heat produced by each population, the maximum number of GASP mutant cells was calculated, revealing abundances of ∼2.5 × 107, ∼7.5 × 106, and ∼9.9 × 106 cells in the populations, respectively. These data indicate that mutants capable of expressing the GASP phenotype can be acquired during the exponential growth phase and subsequently expressed in LTSP culture. IMPORTANCE The present study is innovative in that we have identified previously unknown growth dynamics related to the temporal expression of the growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype that allow mutants in long-term stationary-phase cultures to capitalize on the decrease of energy over prolonged incubation periods. By remaining in an active, but growth-limited, metabolic state similar to that observed in GASP cells grown in vitro, natural microbial communities might be able to prevail over much longer time scales. We believe this report to be a remarkable methodological and conceptual breakthrough in the study of the long-term survival and evolution of bacteria.
Chapter 2.3 – Susceptibility Artifacts

In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord is challenging due to susceptibility variations between various tissue types, air in the lungs and trachea, and in some cases surgical implants that significantly distort the applied magnetic field. These field inhomogeneities create off-resonance induced artifacts in the images, such as signal dropouts and pileups, geometric distortions, and incomplete fat suppression. Bulk physiologic motion from cardiac and respiratory cycles, cerebrospinal fluid pulsation, as well as breathing and swallowing further cause temporal variations of these field inhomogeneities. Moreover, the anatomy of the spine requires a relatively large field of view (FOV), especially in the sagittal imaging plane, while the small cross-sectional size of the spinal cord mandates high-spatial-resolution images. The resulting long readout duration, especially that of echo planar imaging (EPI), further exacerbates the artifacts. This chapter reviews susceptibility artifacts, their impact on EPI of the spinal cord, and methods to limit these artifacts. Acquisition-based methods include multishot imaging, parallel acquisitions, reduced-FOV methods, and non-EPI techniques. Reconstruction-based methods involve distortion correction, phase correction, and other advanced techniques.
Water Distribution–Transportation Interface Connectivity Responding to Urban Geospatial Morphology

AbstractWater distribution and transportation systems are geospatially colocated, forming a network of connections. This network of connections is referred to as an interface network. Investigation...
Research on Simulation and On-site Inspection Technology of 500kV Mechanical HVDC Circuit Breaker

As a key technology for establishing and developing a multi-terminal flexible HVDC transmission network, HVDC circuit breaker has become one of the research hotspots in recent years. Mechanical HVDC circuit breaker is one of the research directions of HVDC circuit breakers. This paper introduced the current development of HVDC circuit breakers, analyzed the breaking principle of mechanical HVDC circuit breakers and the breaking scheme of 500kV DC circuit breakers. Based on the Zhangbei $\pm\mathbf{500kV}$ flexible HVDC transmission system, a simplified PSCAD simulation model was established, a 25kA and 17kA bidirectional breaking and closing under fault conditions simulation was performed to verify the breaking capacity of a 500kV mechanical HVDC circuit breaker. Electric stress of mechanical switches, arresters, IGCTs were discussed. The maximum voltage of the mechanical switches and arresters are all over 800kV, the current flow capacity of the mechanical switches is required to be 58kA, and the energy absorption requirement of the arresters is more than 200MJ. Besides, the recommended items and schemes for the on-site inspection of the mechanical switches, arresters and IGCTs were analyzed.
Alleviating diabetes distress and improving diabetes self-management through health coaching in a primary care setting.

Considering the rising global burden of diabetes and its complications, effective interventions for addressing barriers to diabetes self-management are needed. Diabetes distress, a psychological barrier to diabetes self-management, has become increasingly recognised in the literature, but effective and feasible ways of addressing it in routine primary care settings are not known. We present the case of a middle-aged non-Hispanic white American woman with poorly controlled diabetes (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): 13.9%) and elevated diabetes distress (baseline Diabetes Distress Scale Score: 2.53) who participated in a health coaching intervention. After the 5-month programme, which included eight 45 minute long sessions with a trained health coach, the patient achieved and sustained a 0.8-point reduction in diabetes distress, an improvement in insulin adherence and a 3.6-point reduction in HbA1c. This case demonstrates a novel approach to managing diabetes distress that entails providing patients a safe, nonjudgemental space to express their feelings and explore challenges with diabetes self-management.
eGAN: Unsupervised approach to class imbalance using transfer learning

Class imbalance is an inherent problem in many machine learning classification tasks. This often leads to trained models that are unusable for any practical purpose. In this study we explore an unsupervised approach to address these imbalances by leveraging transfer learning from pre-trained image classification models to encoder-based Generative Adversarial Network (eGAN). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to tackle this problem using GAN without needing to augment with synthesized fake images. In the proposed approach we use the discriminator network to output a negative or positive score. We classify as minority, test samples with negative scores and as majority those with positive scores. Our approach eliminates epistemic uncertainty in model predictions, as the P(minority) + P(majority) need not sum up to 1. The impact of transfer learning and combinations of different pre-trained image classification models at the generator and discriminator is also explored. Best result of 0.69 F1-score was obtained on CIFAR-10 classification task with imbalance ratio of 1:2500. Our approach also provides a mechanism of thresholding the specificity or sensitivity of our machine learning system. Keywords: Class imbalance, Transfer Learning, GAN, nash equilibrium
SU‐E‐J‐82: Evaluation of the Spatial Reproducibility and Temporal Drift of the CRAD CatalystHD System

Introduction: With the implementation of new nonradiographic imaging technologies, system performance characterization is crucial prior to clinical implementation.In this study, the short-term static, spatial reproducibility and temporal drift of the CatalystHD 3-camera nonradiographic imaging system were evaluated. Methods: Using the CatalystHD Daily Check phantom aligned to the room lasers, both the spatial reproducibility and temporal drift were analyzed in the treatment room with low ambient light (12.65lx)and full light (236.25lx).For temporal drift, measurements were acquired every 5min after cold initialization for 60min without altering the position of the phantom.Prior to the initial measurement, cameras were off for a minimum of 24hours.For spatial reproducibility, a series of 30 sequential measurements were acquired over a 25min period after the system had been on for more than 3 hours without adjusting the Daily Check phantom.For both tests, spatial location of the phantom determined by the CatalystHD system was recorded Results: For temporal drift, total displacement vectors and equilibrium times were calculated for each camera.Displacement vectors were normalized to a value long after equilibrium had been achieved.For the middle camera in low light, ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ,Δ3D were 0.2,0.8,0.1and 0.9 mm, respectively.For full light, ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ,Δ3D were 0.2,1.0,0.1and 1.1 mm, respectively.Both the left and right camera responded similarly.The equilibrium time in low light was 35,45,and 45 minutes for the left, middle and right cameras, respectively, while in full light, they were 30,45,and 40 minutes.For spatial reproducibility in low light, the STD of the recorded locations were 0.04,0.02,0.03mm for the left, middle and right cameras, respectively.For full light, deviations of 0.03,0.02and 0.03 were recorded. Maximum recorded range for any deviation was 0.14mm—below system specification of 0.2mm. Conclusion: A study was performed to assess the spatial reproducibility and temporal drift of the CatalystHD as recommended by TG-147 for nonradiographic imaging systems.An overall warmup time of at least 45 minutes is recommended prior to use. This work was funded in part by the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas Pre doctoral fellowship training grant (RP140105) to Dennis N. Stanley M.Sc.
Dynamic Response of a Floating Rigid-Plastic Box

A method is presented to determine the deformations of a rigid-plastic box structure that floats on the surface of a fluid and contains an internal, elastically-supported mass. This model is a simple representation of a surface vessel in which plastic deformations resulting from an underwater shock greatly exceed the elastic deformations. The method is applied to the case of symmetric initial velocity distribution, excluding buoyancy effects. Numerical solutions for two simple initial velocities are obtained for the complete range of a significant parameter. The results indicate that when substantial plastic deformations occur, the solution consists of many phases, in each of which a certain group of plastic hinges is active. If the number of plastic hinges (and degrees of freedom) becomes large, the number of phases in a solution may become excessively large, and the conditions separating them are complicated.
Philosophical Foundations of Human Rights

In this draft of a book chapter, Jim Nickel and I discuss the philosophical foundations of human rights, paying special attention to the views of Alan Gewirth, James Griffin and John Rawls.
Abstract P412: Simple Cooking with Heart: Culinary Skill-Based Education Improves Diet Quality and Nutrition Literacy

Background: Meals eaten away from home, particularly at fast-food restaurants, tend to have more calories, saturated and trans fats, and sodium and fewer fruits, vegetables, and whole grains than meals prepared at home. This contributes to higher body mass indexes in children and adults. Objective: The objective of the American Heart Association’s Simple Cooking with Heart program is to test whether increased consumption of home-prepared meals improves the diet quality of Americans. The theoretical framework for this program is based upon the Socioecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory of behavior change, both proven to be successful in diet and lifestyle interventions. Methods: Culinary skill-building based nutrition education that provides tools, recipes, instruction for preparing low-cost, heart healthy meals was administered to low-income families, specifically women (moms) ages 29-54. The program includes experiential skill acquisition through “live” cooking demonstrations and a robust program website which includes tools, low cost recipes and instructional skill videos. A third party 2-year program evaluation measured program impact on skill acquisition, attitudinal change, change in intent, and consumption pattern change. Results: Participation in “live” cooking demonstrations was associated with positive attitudinal change and was effective in improving knowledge and skills. The program website and materials are effective interventions to improve culinary skill, attitudinal change and efficacy/confidence, and increase frequency of home prepared meals. An increase in fruits, vegetables and whole grains consumption was also observed. This presentation will include new data regarding participants’ positive gains for social cognitive measures following a 30-day online focus group. Participants experienced positive gains regarding: raised awareness of the health and economic benefits of preparing meals at home, and outcome expectations. Participants also experienced an increase in efficacy and skill aquisition: increased confidence, skills and techniques to prepare meals at home (evaluation study participants identified higher at 30 days for statements reflecting healthful behavior and attitudes, including behavioral capacity, self-efficacy, intentions, outcome expectations and future/continued engagement.) An average of 4 new skills/techniques learned, respondents’ confidence in their ability to prepare healthful meals is near universal (94%) as is their willingness to do so (94%). Conclusions: Using a culinary skill development programs is associated with improving diet quality and improving nutrition literacy.
Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the p70 (Ku) lupus autoantigen.

Abstract The Ku (p70/p80) autoantigen consists of two phosphoproteins of molecular mass approximately 70,000 and 80,000 forming a macromolecular complex that binds DNA. Autoantibodies from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus were used to isolate cDNA clones encoding the human approximately 70-kDa Ku antigen (p70) from a lambda gt11 expression library. The deduced amino acid sequence of p70 consisted of 609 amino acid residues and was confirmed by partial amino acid sequencing. The protein contains two acidic domains of 61 residues (31% Glu + Asp) and 19 residues (53% Glu + Asp) that are similar in size and charge to those found in a number of proteins involved in transcriptional activation. The 61-residue acidic region is rich in serine, raising the possibility that its charge might be modulated by phosphorylation. The predicted amino acid sequence also contains two regions with periodic repeats of either leucine alone, or leucine alternating with serine every seventh position. The latter repeat displays sequence and secondary structural similarities with the "leucine zipper" regions of the c-myc and v-myc oncogene products. The p70 antigen does not appear to have extensive sequence homology with the 80-kDa Ku autoantigen based on analysis of RNA blots and immunological criteria. A major antigenic determinant or determinants recognized by human autoantibodies is located near a leucine repeat on the carboxyl-terminal 190 amino acid residues of p70.
The TravTek traffic management center and traffic information network

The three major elements of TravTek are the TravTek Information and Services Center (TISC), the TravTek vehicles and the Traffic Management Center (TMC). The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has issued a contract to design and implement the TMC and a network of agencies and companies that will supply traffic information and data. These sources of information and the TravTek vehicles are known as the Traffic Information Network (TIN). The TIN sends this information to the TMC which combines and processes it to generate reports in a process known as data fusion. Historical data and operator-entered information are also included in the data fusion process to generate the various status, incident, and link data reports. The TMC facilitates and pursues incident and congestion confirmation and clearance information from the TIN sources, fuses the information and provides it in the form of a computerized report to various users. Only data pertaining to link travel times and confirmed incidents or congestion are provided to the TravTek vehicles and to other end users.
Comparison of Synthetic and Natural Porcine Secretios on Human Pancreatic Secretion

Abstract The effect of graded intravenous doses of synthetic porcine secretin (Squibb Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J.) and natural porcine secretin (GIH, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) on pancreatic secretion was examined in 6 healthy male subjects. Pancreatic secretion was also studied in 3 subjects after subcutaneous synthetic secretin. Calculated maximal response of bicarbonate output and secretin dose for one-half maximal response (D 50 ) were calculated for both synthetic and natural secretins from the means of the dose-response data. The dose-response curves with synthetic secretin and natural secretin were superimposable for: volume, bicarbonate concentration, and bicarbonate and protein output. The observed and calculated maximal responses for bicarbonate secretion were not significantly different between the two secretins. Subcutaneous synthetic secretin increased pancreatic secretion above basal for 3 hr. It was concluded that in man: (1) synthetic secretin and natural porcine secretin were of equal efficacy for bicarbonate secretion; (2) 1 µg of synthetic secretin was equivalent to approximately 3.86 U of natural secretin; (3) subcutaneous synthetic secretin was an effective stimulant of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion; (4) synthetic secretin was free of any observed side effects.
Trichomonas vaginalis infection in postmenopausal women

Abstract 1.1. In a series of 504 patients aged 50 to 91 years attending a routine medical clinic, 65 women were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis. 2.2. In the age groups 60 years and beyond Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 2 of 227 white women and 22 of 106 Negro patients examined. 3.3. Attention was drawn to the comparatively mild symptomatology. 4.4. The relation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection, postmenopausal age, and deficiency of estrogen effect was discussed. 5.5. Some evidence was presented in support of a theory that the implatation and survival of Trichomonas vaginalis in the vagina are the result of the serum present.
Nomad: A Framework for Developing Mission-Critical Cloud-Based Applications

The practicality of existing techniques for processing encrypted data stored in untrusted cloud environments is a limiting factor in the adoption of cloud-based applications. Both public and private sector organizations are reluctant to push their data to the cloud due to strong requirements for security and privacy of their data. In particular, mission-critical defense applications used by governments do not tolerate any leakage of sensitive data. In this paper, we propose Nomad, a framework for developing mission-critical cloud-based applications. The framework is comprised of: 1) a homomorphism encryption-based service for processing encrypted data directly within the untrusted cloud infrastructure, and 2) a client service for encrypting and decrypting data within the trusted environment, and storing and retrieving these data to and from the cloud. Both services are equipped with GPU-based parallelization to accelerate the expensive homomorphic encryption operations. To evaluate the Nomad framework, we developed Call For Fire, amission-critical application which enables defense personnel to call for fire on targets. Due to the nature of the mission, this application requires guaranteed security. The experimental results highlight the performance enhancements of the GPU-based acceleration mechanism and the feasibility of the Nomad framework.
Characterizing stress gene expression in reef-building corals exposed to the mosquitoside dibrom.

We characterize two genes expressed in Acropora cervicornis upon exposure to 0.5 μg/l of dibrom, a pesticide used for mosquito control in the Florida Keys. Fragments of these genes were isolated, sequenced, and developed into chemiluminescent probes for Northern slot blots. Expression of target transcripts was detected in corals exposed to a variety of stressors including organophosphates, organochlorines, heavy metals, naphthalene, and temperature. Within the context of stressors examined, the D25 probe demonstrates toxicant and concentration specificity for organophosphates, whereas the D50 probe had broader specificity, detecting transcripts in corals exposed to dibrom, naphthalene, and temperature stress. After characterizing specificity in the lab, these probes were used on field samples taken from the Florida Keys. Both probes detected their targets in samples taken from the upper Florida Keys in August 2000. Preliminary search of sequence databases suggest similarity exists between D25 and a thioesterase.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ANDROMIMETIC FUNCTION OF THE IMMATURE MALE RAT ADRENAL1

IN THE IMMATURE male rat, castration does not cause immediate atrophy of the prostate. Price (1) demonstrated that following prepuberal castration, the prosstate develops normally and maintains a functional status for a definite period. The earlier the animal is castrated, the longer the period of maintenance. Howard (a) found the same phenomenon in the mouse and also confirmed Price's findings in the rat. Howard suggested that an andromimetic activity of the immature adrenal might be responsible for the maintenance of functional prostates in the absence of the testes. Davidson and Moon (3) found that adrenocorticotropic substance administered to immature castrate male rats caused hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex. This hypertrophy was apparently associated with the production of an androgenic substance since the prostates of these rats were stimulated as indicated by gross size and histological picture. In a recent report the present authors (4) offered direct evidence of the andromimetic capacity of the...
Antecedents of fluent and dysfluent oral reading: A descriptive analysis

Abstract Utilizing the method of repeated observations of a single subject, 18 oral reading samples were obtained from a fluent male child. Observations were made when the child was 5.6 to 6.1 yr of age. The reading material contained varying amounts of words neither understood nor produced by the child. Taped samples were analyzed for antecedents and consequences of fluent and dysfluent events, and extraneous verbal and nonverbal stimulus-response sequences. The analysis revealed the presence of five antecedents of dysfluencies: (1) poor lexical control, (2) competing stimulus-response sequences, (3) intraverbal break, (4) poor prosodic control, and (5) unusually strong intraverbal control. The results also suggested that fluency may be a function of appropriate, sequential, discriminative, stimulus control, adequate intraverbal and prosodic control in the absence of overbearing intraverbal control and interfering stimulus-response sequences.
Physical Constants in Extra-Galactic Nebulæ

RECENT wave-length measurements by R. Minkowski and O. C. Wilson1 of spectral lines of H, N II, O I, O II, Ne III and Ne V for the colliding galaxies identified with the radio source Cygnus A permit comparison of galaxy values of physical constants with local values. In particular, radio measures by A. E. Lilley and E. F. McClain2, in combination with the optical measures, permit estimates on the ratio of galactic to local values of the fine structure constant, α, and the proton gyromagnetic ratio, g. The observed system is estimated to be 3 × 108 light years from us on the Humason, Mayall, Sandage scale3.