cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of human vascular endothelial cell/monocyte antigenic system using monoclonal antibodies

Recent studies have suggested that non-major-histocompatibility-encoded antigens expressed preferentially on vascular endothelial cells and/or monocytes may act as immunogens leading to allograft rejection. In order to further characterize the antigens and to investigate the roles of interleukins in the induction of such antigens, three murine monoclonal antibodies (SK2H10, SK3A1, SK2F11) were produced against interferon-gamma-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. All three monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with human endothelial cells cultured from umbilical veins as well as blood monocytes. Several human established cell lines with B, T, and erythroid/myeloid cell properties, as well as cell lines expressing HLA-class I and II antigens (SB, REH, HSB, K562 and HL-60) failed to react with these reagents, indicating that the binding structures on the endothelial/monocyte cell surface are distinct from HLA class I and II antigens. Furthermore, the binding characteristics of the three antibodies to endothelial cells, monocytes, and human monocytic cell line, U937, suggest that they recognize different determinants on the cell surface. Analysis of Ia-positive and Ia-negative clones of U937 demonstrated that the antibodies reacted strongly with the Ia-positive cells lines. The monoclonal SK2H10 reacted preferentially with phorbol esters-induced HL-60 and K562 cell lines; thus indicating that the antigens detected on the monocytes are associated with differentiation. These results indicate that these monoclonal antibodies to endothelial cells have specificities similar to those described for alloantisera defining the vascular endothelial cell/monocyte antigenic system and should facilitate definition of the biochemical and molecular nature of such antigens.
A possible subcellular structure based on the macroscopic cardiac source.

A deeper understanding regarding the process of cardiac activation requires an investigation at a cellular level. Possibly only in this way can we understand the factors that contribute to malfunction such as that leading to arrhythmia. However, measurements on a cellular or subcellular level are often difficult or impossible to perform. An alternative is to postulate a structural model based on the best information available and then examine the predictions of the model at a macroscopic scale where measurements are possible. For cardiac muscle structure and electrophysiology, even on a macroscopic scale, wide ranges in some data can be observed. For example, for averaged intercellular and interstitial conductances along and across fibers there is no agreement among the very few papers in the literature. Another uncertainty surrounds the size of the junctional resistance, and whether a parallel capacitance should be included. Where these parameters are involved, a range of models may be admissible justified by the range of macroscopic data. In this report we describe a model that is admittedly speculative. It incorporates a number of unusual features: ( 1) low junctional resistance, (2) intracellular anisotropy, and (3) continuous transverse propagation at a microscopic scale. We think it is worth considering, however, because it fits some data particularly well, while not being ruled out entirely by other considerations. Even if not correct in its entirety, one might wish to introduce some parts into a more complex model.
Assessment of Anisotropy of Extruded Tubes by Ring Hoop Tension Test

Abstract The extraction of mechanical properties of tubes in the hoop direction was accomplished with the ring hoop tension test. In this test, a ring extracted from the tubes is placed over two D-shaped mandrels that are then parted with the aid of a testing machine. A detailed numerical investigation was performed to establish the validity of this test. In particular, the effect of the friction and of the radial through-thickness stresses that are induced due to the contact between the ring and the die was examined in detail. It was discovered that in a well-controlled test, these effects are comparable or lower to testing of a tube by hydraulic inflation which is a reliable method for obtaining the hoop properties of tubes. After the numerical investigation, a series of ring hoop tension tests were performed on Al-6061-T4 tubes. Three-dimensional Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to capture the strain evolution in the gage section of the specimens. By comparing the hoop with the axial response, the material anisotropy of the Al-6061-T4 tubes was established. As a further step, a series of notched ring hoop tension test specimens were designed and tested. By controlling the orientation of the notch, multiple points on the yield surface of the material are obtained.
Academically Successful Students with Serious Mental Health Difficulties: A Psychodynamic Developmental Perspective

ABSTRACT This article examines some common assumptions made by clinicians about the relationship between intelligence and mental health difficulties. Drawing on work by Thomas Ogden (1976) and Alex Coren (1997) on academically successful students who present with serious mental health concerns, it aims to provide a psychodynamic, developmental conceptualization of this uneven clinical presentation. Using clinical illustrations, it attempts to help therapists who work with college students move beyond the focus on academic success to provide a clinical and theoretical perspective on selfhood and difficulties with authenticity in such students.
What You See Is What You Code: A live algorithm development and visualization environment for novice learners

Pedagogical algorithm visualization (AV) systems produce graphical representations that aim to assist learners in understanding the dynamic behavior of computer algorithms. In order to foster active learning, computer science educators have developed AV systems that empower learners to construct their own visualizations of algorithms under study. Notably, these systems support a similar development model in which coding an algorithm is temporally distinct from viewing and interacting with the resulting visualization. Given that they are known to have problems both with formulating syntactically correct code, and with understanding how code executes, novice learners would appear likely to benefit from a more ''live'' development model that narrows the gap between coding an algorithm and viewing its visualization. In order to explore this possibility, we have implemented ''What You See Is What You Code,'' an algorithm development and visualization model geared toward novices first learning to program under the imperative paradigm. In the model, the line of algorithm code currently being edited is reevaluated on every edit, leading to immediate syntactic feedback, along with immediate semantic feedback in the form of an AV. Analysis of usability and field studies involving introductory computer science students suggests that the immediacy of the model's feedback can help novices to quickly identify and correct programming errors, and ultimately to develop semantically correct code.
Factors affecting the kinetics of light emission from crude and purified firefly luciferase.

Abstract Crude and purified firefly luciferase have been used to assay ATP from 0.2 pmol to 2 μmol. Over this range of ATP concentrations, there is a large change in the kinetics of light emission. At the lowest concentrations of ATP, light emission rises to a maximum and remains constant for a minute or longer. As the concentration of ATP is increased, the peak light intensity increases and the decay rate of light increases significantly. This is true for both the crude as well as the purified enzyme. High concentration of sodium arsenate as well as other salts inhibit the peak light emission and prevent the decay in light intensity which is due to product inhibition. It is possible to obtain almost any type of kinetics by manipulating the experimental conditions.
Size-structured vulnerability of the colonial cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to grazing by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)

Summary We quantified the vulnerability of colonies of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to grazing by the invasive filter-feeding zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) as a function of size in both organisms with laboratory feeding experiments. In one experiment, size-selectivity of 16- to 21-mm mussels was assessed for a single M. aeruginosa clone across a wide size range (~5–88 μm median equivalent diameter, ED). Consumption of colonies ≥80 μm median ED (109 μm median maximum linear dimension) was undetectable, indicating a size threshold of grazing invulnerability. Smaller colonies and single cells were consumed at rates similar to a highly palatable alga (Ankistrodesmus). In a second experiment, the size-selectivity of three size classes of mussels (8–11, 17–20 and 25–28 mm shell length) was assessed across three size classes of M. aeruginosa (~32–75 μm median ED). There were no systematic differences in the abilities of the different mussel size classes to consume the largest colonies within this size range. An 8-year field survey of the M. aeruginosa population in Gull Lake, MI (U.S.A.), the source of the experimental organisms, revealed that median colony size consistently decreased during each summer, from above to below the size threshold of effective mussel feeding we identified, which suggests major within-season shifts in the overall vulnerability of the M. aeruginosa population to mussel grazing. Variation in the size structure of M. aeruginosa may help explain highly variable effects of D. polymorpha on the dynamics of this harmful phytoplankter within and across systems.
Graduate training for managed care: A national survey of psychology and social work programs.

Although there is much discussion within the professional literature about the training needs of graduate students in response to managed care, little empirical research exists that assesses the extent to which graduate programs provide training opportunities in this field. The present study surveyed graduate program training directors in clinical psychology, counseling psychology, and social work about the training opportunities available for their graduate students. Almost 60% of the respondents indicated that they provide some type of training related to managed care. Implications and applications of these results are addressed.
Mediators of the long-term impact of child sexual abuse: perceived stigma, betrayal, powerlessness, and self-blame

Using a community sample of 192 adult women who had been sexually abused during childhood, the present study tested the hypothesis that perceived stigma, betrayal, powerlessness, and self-blame mediate the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. A path analysis indicated that the level of psychological distress currently experienced by adult women who had been sexually abused in childhood was mediated by feelings of stigma and self-blame. This result provides partial support for Finkelhor and Browne's (1985) traumagenic dynamics model of child sexual abuse. The limitations of the study are discussed.
Brainstem stimulation during sleep evokes abnormal rhythmic activity in thalamic neurons in feline penicillin epilepsy

Some periods in the sleep-waking cycle are more seizure prone than others. In absence epilepsy, transition periods between nonrapid-eye-movement (nonREM) sleep and waking or REM sleep can be more seizure prone that stable states. One feature of transition periods that is hypothesized to promote seizure activity is the presence of coincident activity in ascending brainstem reticular formation (RF) arousal systems with synchronized thalamo-cortical activity. To evaluate this hypothesis we examined the state-dependent effects of low intensity RF stimulation on thalamic single unit activity in control conditions and following systemic penicillin-G administration to adult cats. In control conditions, RF stimulation during waking and REM sleep typically evoked a short-latency action potential in thalamic neurons. The same stimulation during nonREM sleep commonly evoked a high frequency burst of action potentials followed by a period of suppressed discharge. In 16/26 neurons, a second rebound burst of action potentials followed the period of discharge suppression. The average interval between the initial and rebound bursts was 75.1 +/- 6.0 ms, which was similar to the interburst interval recorded in these same cells during spontaneous EEG spindles. Following administration of penicillin-G, RF stimulation during nonREM sleep evoked high frequency burst firing, followed by 1-2 rebound bursts in 21/22 thalamic neurons. The average evoked interburst interval was 152.5 +/- 7.3 ms, a value comparable to the interburst interval displayed by these same cells during spontaneous spike-wave seizure activity (157.8 +/- 8.7 ms). RF-evoked rhythmic discharges were dependent upon the presence of thalamocortical synchronization, as responses evoked during waking and REM sleep in penicillin treated cats were similar to those observed in control conditions.
Positioning and the Discursive Construction of Categories

Psychological phenomena are semiotic, so the best model for understanding them must be 'conversation'. Psychiatric conversations are dominated by complaints. In dealing with them the structure of the consequential conversation must be subjected to 'positioning analysis' to reveal the dynamics of rights and duties among the speakers.
Norplant: Subdermal implant system for long-term contraception

Norplant offers long-term contraception through the use of subdermal capsules filled with levonorgestrel. The six capsules are implanted in the inside part of the upper arm. The levonorgestrel is released from the capsules gradually, providing contraception for about 5 years. The primary mechanism of action of Norplant is suppression of ovulation. Studies have shown a pregnancy rate of 0.6/100 woman-years after 1 year and a cumulative rate of 1.5/100 woman-years at 5 years. Principal side effects are irregular menstrual bleeding and headaches. No changes in carbohydrate metabolism, blood coagulation, or liver function have been reported. Lipid levels have decreased 5% to 15%. After removal of Norplant, fertility returns rapidly, and there have been no adverse effects on infants. Norplant is currently approved in 12 countries; clinical trials are being conducted in 37 countries.
Large-scale simulations for turbine engine core noise

As turbofan engine bypass ratios continue to increase, the contribution of the turbine to the engine and aircraft noise signature is receiving more attention. Understanding the relative importance of the various turbine noise generation mechanisms and the characteristics of the turbine acoustic transmission loss are essential ingredients in developing robust reduced-order models for predicting the turbine noise signature. A computationally based investigation has been undertaken to help guide the development of a turbine noise prediction capability that does not rely on empiricism. Under the auspices of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, NASA is currently funding core noise research focused on the generation and propagation mechanisms of combustor and turbine noise in the combustor-turbine-nozzle system. Highly detailed numerical simulations of the unsteady flow field inside the first stage of a modern high-pressure turbine were carried out using TURBO. Spectral and modal analysis of the unsteady pressu...
Responding to children’s street work with alternative income-generation strategies

EnglishEmpirical precedents indicate the positive impact of income-generating initiatives on the lives of vulnerable populations around the world. However, there is limited research on such interventions with street-working children. A social development model is proposed for street-working children and their parents as a means to curb child street migration.FrenchL'experience confirme l'impact positif des initiatives de production de revenus sur la vie des populations vulnerables dans le monde. Toutefois, il existe peu de recherche concernant de telles initiatives aupres des enfants qui travaillent dans la rue. Cette recherche propose un modele de developpement social a l'intention des enfants qui font du travail de rue et de leurs parents afin de faire flechir la migration des enfants vers la rue.SpanishPrecedentes empiricos indican que las iniciativas que generan ingresos tienen un impacto positivo en las vidas de poblaciones vulnerables de todo el mundo. Sin embargo se ha hecho poca investigacion sobr...
Size and location of the motoneuron pool supplying normal and orthotopically transplanted muscles

Following intramuscular placement of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the 129ReJ mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle, 15 ± 1 (S.E.M.) labeled motoneurons were found in the antero-lateral motor column, between the exits of spinal roots L3 and L4. When HRP was placed in 100-day orthotopic whole muscle transplants of the extensor digitorum longus muscle, the location of the motoneurons supplying the graft was similar to that of control muscle; however, the number of motoneurons innervating the grafts was variable and usually reduced (7 ± 1 S.E.M.).
SUPER-LIOUVILLE THEORY AS A TWO-DIMENSIONAL, SUPERCONFORMAL SUPERGRAVITY THEORY

In this paper we extend our previous results on the bosonic Liouville theory, to the supersymmetric case. As in the bosonic case, we find that the quantization of the N=1 theory is limited to the region D≤1. We compute the exact critical exponents and the analogue of the Hausdorff dimension of super random surfaces. Our procedure is manifestly covariant and our results hold for the surface of arbitrary topology. We also examine the N=2, O(2) string theory and find that it appears to be well-defined for all D.
The relationship between patient demographic characteristics and psychiatric rehabilitation outcome.

Professionals engaged in psychiatric rehabilitation need to know what specific factors contribute to the success or failure of attempts to reintegrate the psychiatric patient back into the community. A review of the research literature succeeded in identifying various demographic characteristics of expsychiatric patients that are related to recidivism and posthospital employment. A composite picture of patients who are more likely to be recidivists or unemployed (or both) was advanced. The factors that appear to be related to posthospital employment are not consistently the same factors that are related to recidivism.
Neonatal Signs After Late In Utero Exposure to Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Literature Review and Implications for Clinical Applications

ContextA neonatal behavioral syndrome linked to in utero serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) exposure during the last trimester of pregnancy has been identified. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and drug manufacturers have recently agreed to a class labeling change for SRIs, which include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), to include information about potential adverse events in neonates exposed in utero. Integration of data about the neonatal behavioral syndrome into the management of pregnancy in women who take SRIs is a current challenge for physicians.ObjectivesTo review evidence regarding the SRI-related neonatal syndrome and to help clinicians guide their patients in a risk-benefit decision-making process.Data SourcesWe searched MEDLINE (1966–February 2005) and PsycINFO (1974–February 2005). All articles related to neonatal signs after in utero SRI exposure were acquired, as well as unpublished data on this topic from the FDA advisory committee meeting of June 2004. References cited in case reports and studies were reviewed. Foreign-language literature was included and translated to English.Study Selection and Data ExtractionStudies were included if they had clearly identified maternal SRI exposure for a minimum of the final trimester of pregnancy through delivery and assessed neonatal outcomes. We identified 13 case reports describing a total of 18 cases. Nine cohort studies met criteria. When not included in the published article, relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed from raw data and summary risk ratios and 95% CIs were determined with Mantel-Haenszel estimates.Data SynthesisCompared with early gestational SRI exposure or no exposure, late SRI exposure carries an overall risk ratio of 3.0 (95% CI, 2.0-4.4) for a neonatal behavioral syndrome. The most SRI-related neonatal case reports involved fluoxetine and paroxetine exposures. Neonates primarily display central nervous system, motor, respiratory, and gastrointestinal signs that are usually mild and disappear by 2 weeks of age. Medical management has consisted primarily of supportive care in special care nurseries. A severe syndrome that consists of seizures, dehydration, excessive weight loss, hyperpyrexia, or intubation is rare in term infants (1/313 quantifiable cases). There have been no reported neonatal deaths attributable to neonatal SRI exposure.ConclusionsAvailable evidence indicates that in utero exposure to SRIs during the last trimester through delivery may result in a self-limited neonatal behavioral syndrome that can be managed with supportive care. The risks and benefits of discontinuing an SRI during pregnancy need to be carefully weighed for each individual patient. Development and validation of assessment methods and clinical management strategies are critical to advancing this research.
Genetic processes in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomeromycota) colonize roots of the majority of land plants and facilitate their mineral nutrient uptake. Consequently, AM fungi play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems and are becoming a component of sustainable land management practices. The absence of sexual reproductive structures in modern Glomeromycota combined with their long evolutionary history suggest that these fungi may represent an ancient asexual lineage of great potential interest to evolutionary biology. However, many aspects of basic AM fungal biology, including genome structure, within-individual genetic variation, and reproductive mode are poorly understood. These knowledge gaps hinder research on the mechanisms of AM fungal interactions with individual plants and plant communities, and utilization of AM fungi in agricultural practices. I present here the current state of research on the reproduction in AM fungi and indicate what new findings can be expected in the future.
The Yeast G Protein α Subunit Gpa1 Transmits a Signal through an RNA Binding Effector Protein Scp160

In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the G protein betagamma subunits (Ste4/Ste18) have long been known to transmit the signal required for mating. Here we demonstrate that GTPase-deficient mutants of Galpha (Gpa1) directly activate the mating response pathway. We also show that signaling by activated Gpa1 requires direct coupling to an RNA binding protein Scp160. These findings suggest an additional role for Gpa1 and reveal Scp160 as a component of the mating response pathway in yeast.
Syndrome of microcephaly, mental retardation, and tracheoesophageal fistula associated with features of Rett syndrome.

We report a 12-year-old girl with features of the syndrome of microcephaly, mesobrachydactyly, and tracheoesophageal fistula, who also developed distinctive features of Rett syndrome including regression of milestones with repetitive actions, autistic-like behavior, stereotypic hand movements, and seizures. This unique combination of clinical manifestations appears to constitute a "new syndrome." We speculate that this association may represent a contiguous gene syndrome. (J Child Neurol 2000;15:61-63).
Associations Among Attachment Style, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue in Health and Human Service Workers: A Systematic Review

Health and human service workers are at risk for developing burnout or compassion fatigue due to the demanding nature of their work. Attachment theory makes specific predictions that may help explain why some workers experience burnout or compassion fatigue and others do not. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify and attempt to explain patterns and inconsistencies in results across studies that have examined the association between adult attachment style and burnout or compassion fatigue. Ten studies representing a diverse range of disciplines within the health and human service sectors were included in the research synthesis. The findings demonstrated consistent results for secure and anxious attachment, suggesting that attachment security is associated with lower levels of burnout, whereas attachment anxiety is associated with higher levels of burnout. Some studies found an association between avoidant attachment and burnout, whereas others did not. The results are discussed in terms of t...
On inertial currents over a sloping continental shelf

Abstract Using simple mathematical models, it is shown that an equatorward flowing coastally confined eastern boundary current (or poleward flowing western boundary current) may have two conjugate forms which transport the same flux of each water type. In a slowly varying environment, these two conjugate forms coalesce at some critical latitude which depends on the flow. For lower latitudes there is no defined form. As the coalescence latitude is approached from higher latitudes, one of the two conjugate forms narrows, while the other widens. Furthermore, in the neighborhood of the critical latitude the wider form is subcritical and the narrower form is supercritical to possible long small amplitude shelf waves. It is also shown that a poleward flowing coastally confined eastern boundary current (or an equatorward flowing western boundary current) may be traced poleward to some critical latitude beyond which the possibility of a current in juxtaposition with the coast terminates. For latitudes higher than this terminating latitude the current separates from the coast.
Density Structure in a Multicomponent Coronal Loop

We investigate the variation of species densities and electric field along a static model coronal loop consisting of electrons, protons, and heavier ions in a gravitationally stratified stellar atmosphere in an attempt to relate photospheric and coronal loop abundances. The loop plasma is assumed to be confined along a strong magnetic field line, so all forces transverse to the magnetic field are taken to be in balance and the loop can be modeled as a one-dimensional structure. Differential gravitational stratification of the ion species induces a polarization electric field along the loop. By invoking charge quasi-neutrality, we devise an iteration scheme to compute numerical solutions for the species densities and to prescribed accuracy; we also derive approximate analytic solutions. For confined coronal plasma loops that are sufficiently long lived for gravitational settling to occur (e.g., 1 day), severe reduction in coronal ion densities would be expected. Our self-consistent, multicomponent treatment predicts higher loop densities than those predicted by a model that neglects the effect of the heavy ions on the electric field; the density enhancement is an increasing function of the distance along the loop and of the ion charge and ranges from 4% for twice-ionized species to 33% for 14 times-ionized species at the top of an isothermal loop with T = 3 × 106 K and a radius of 109 cm.
Experiencing and Coping with Sexually Objectifying Treatment: Internalization and Resilience

The purpose of this study was to extend Fredrickson and Robert’s (1997) Objectification Theory by examining coping with sexually oppressive experiences via internalization/self-blame as another important way, in addition to self-objectification and internalization of cultural standards of beauty, to possibly explain how sexual objectification experiences (SOEs) influence psychological distress. An additional purpose of this study was to examine the potential moderating or buffering role of resilience in the links between SOEs and psychological distress and between SOEs and coping with these experiences via internalization, self-objectification, and internalization of cultural standards of beauty. Our sample included 270 young adult heterosexual undergraduate women from the Southeast region of the United States who completed an online survey. Results revealed that both coping with sexist oppression via internalization and self-objectification uniquely mediated the SOEs-psychological distress link but internalization of cultural standards of beauty did not. Results from the moderation analyses indicated that the direct effect of SOEs and coping with via internalization and the conditional indirect effects of SOEs on psychological distress were contingent on resilience such that these relationships were only significant among women with low resilience or at the mean of resilience, suggesting that high resilience plays a buffering role whereas low resilience plays an exacerbating role.
Primary structure and regulation of vegetative specific genes of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract We have examined the expression and structure of several genes belonging to two classes of vegetative specific genes of the simple eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum. In amebae grown on bacteria, deactivation of all vegetative specific genes occurred at the onset of development and very little mRNA exists by 8 to 10 hours. In contrast, when cells were grown in axenic broth, the mRNA levels remained constant until a dramatic drop occurred around 10 to 12 hours. Thus, regulation of both classes of genes during the first several hours of development is dependent upon the prior growth conditions. Analysis of genomic clones has resulted in the identification of two V genes, V1 and V18, as ribosomal protein genes. Several other V genes were not found to be ribosomal protein genes, suggesting that in Dictyostelium non-ribosomal protein genes may be coordinately regulated with the ribosomal protein genes. Finally, using deletion analysis we show that the promoters of two of the V genes are composed of a constitutive positive element(s) located upstream of sequences involved in the regulated expression of these genes and within the first 545 upstream bp for V18 and 850 bp for V14. The regions involved in regulated expression were localized between -7 and -222 for V18 and -70 and -368 for V14. The sequences conferring protein synthesis sensitivity were shown to reside between -502 and -61 of the H4 promoter.
Business Students' Perceptions of Ethics in Marketing

Abstract This study reports the results of a survey that investigated student perceptions of ethics in marketing today, the role of codes of ethics, and how to incorporate business ethics into the curriculum. A method of raising ethical considerations in the introductory marketing course is then presented. This approach involves a process of selecting examples of marketing activities in which ethical dilemmas are present; discussing major theories of ethical decisionmaking; and structuring the students' analytical approach to discover, evaluate, and argue the ethical dilemmas.
In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of DNA-Modified Gold Surfaces: Bias and Mismatch Dependence

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy has been performed on DNA-modified gold surfaces under physiological conditions. The STM images of DNA-modified gold surfaces are strongly dependent on the applied potential and percentage of DNA duplexes containing a single base mismatch. At negative surface potentials we observe reproducible features that are attributed to DNA agglomerates where the DNA duplexes are in the upright orientation; at positive potentials, when DNA molecules lie down on the surface, the film is transparent, and only the gold surface is distinguishable. These observations indicate that DNA possesses a non-negligible local density of states which can be probed when the DNA duplex is in the upright orientation. By varying the percentage of DNA duplexes containing a single base mismatch, we have observed a dramatic change in the image contrast as a result of the perturbation induced by the mismatch on the electronic pathway inside the DNA. These results emphasize the central role of the integ...
The VuSystem: a programming system for compute-intensive multimedia

In compute-intensive multimedia applications, the computer not only manipulates media, but also digests it and performs independent actions based on media content. We present a design approach that applies the programming techniques of visualization systems to the development of compute-intensive multimedia applications. We describe an implementation based on this approach, and report performance measurements that demonstrate it is practical. We conclude with a description of some applications that have been implemented and a discussion of the implications for the design and engineering of operating systems.
Access to ultrasonography by other specialists and performance of ultrasonography by emergency physicians in community emergency departments

Abstract Study objectives: Nearly all emergency medicine residency programs provide some training in emergency physician–performed ultrasonography, but the extent of emergency physician–performed ultrasonography in community emergency departments (EDs) is unknown. We seek to determine the state of ultrasonography in community EDs in terms of access to ultrasonography by other specialists and performance of ultrasonography by emergency physicians. Methods: A 6-page survey that addressed access to ultrasonography performed by other specialists and emergency physician–performed ultrasonography was designed and pilot tested. A list of all US ED directors was obtained from the American College of Emergency Physicians. One thousand two hundred out of 5,264 EDs were randomly selected to receive the anonymous survey, with responses tracked by separate postcard. There were 3 mailings from fall 2003 to spring 2004. Results: The response rate was 61%. Respondents were predominantly community EDs (88%). EDs reported being requested or required to limit ultrasonographic orders in 40% of EDs, whereas 40% of EDs described access to radiology-performed ultrasonography as “always easily available.” Ultrasonography was available in the ED for use by emergency physicians at all times in 23% of EDs, with 10% reporting a machine available from radiology for use by emergency physicians. Of EDs with emergency physician–performed ultrasonography, the most common applications were focused abdominal sonography for trauma examination (82%), code situation (77%), and check for pericardial effusion (75%). Of those performing ultrasonography, 21% stated they were currently requesting reimbursement (billing). Of those performing ultrasonography but not billing, 47% reported plans to begin billing. Ultrasonography was unavailable for use by emergency physicians in 63% of EDs. Of those who did not have ultrasonography, 40% reported plans to obtain ultrasonography for use by emergency physicians. The top 2 reasons cited for not implementing emergency physician–performed ultrasonography were lack of emergency physician training (57%) and resistance from radiology (42%). In regard to the statement “emergency medicine residents now starting residency should be trained to perform and interpret focused bedside ultrasound,” 85% of ED directors agreed, 14% were neutral, and less than 2% disagreed. Conclusion: A minority of community EDs have easily available access to ultrasonography performed by other specialists. Approximately one third of community EDs report ultrasonography available for use by emergency physicians; of those who do not, nearly half intend to obtain ultrasonography for use by emergency physicians. A majority of community ED directors support residency training in emergency physician–performed ultrasonography.
Internal conversion coefficients with relativistic hartree-fock atomic model: comparison with 67Zn

Abstract Improved agreement of measured internal conversion coefficients for 67Zn with new calculations based on a relativistic Hartree-Fock treatment with the inclusion of finite nuclear size effects was obtained, in comparison to the earlier internal conversion coefficient tabulation.
Unit and Proper Tube Orders

In 2005, we defined the n-tube orders, which are the n-dimensional analogue of interval orders in 1 dimension, and trapezoid orders in 2 dimensions. In this paper we consider two variations of n-tube orders: unit n-tube orders and proper n-tube orders. It has been proven that the classes of unit and proper interval orders are equal, and the classes of unit and proper trapezoid orders are not. We prove that the classes of unit and proper n-tube orders are not equal for all n ≥ 3, so the general case follows the situation in 2 dimensions.
Myth of the dangerous sternal fracture

Study objective: To look at the hospital course and the outcome of patients with an isolated sternal fracture. Design: Retrospective analysis of hospital records. Setting: A large urban Level I trauma center. Type of participant: Blunt trauma patients with an isolated sternal fracture. Patients with other chest radiograph abnormalities were excluded, as were those with abnormal admission ECGs. Measurements and main results: Thirty-one patients with an isolated sternal fracture were identified. No patient developed new ECG changes or arrhythmias during the hospital stay. Cardiac enzymes were elevated in one patient (3.2%). No patient had any adverse cardiopulmonary outcome attributable to the sternal fracture. Conclusion: The outcome of patients with an isolated sternal fracture and a normal ECG is very good. Routine admission and cardiac monitoring do not appear to be warranted in this subset of patients with a sternal fracture.
Persistent occipital electrographic status epilepticus.

A 13-year-old girl of normal intellect had clinically silent occipital electrographic status epilepticus that persisted for more than 3 years. Neurologic examination and cranial magnetic resonance imaging were entirely normal. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography demonstrated a hypermetabolic focus in the right occipital lobe. Electrographic status lasting years can be seen in epilepsia partialis continua. However, the absence of focal clinical seizures, nonprogressive course, and normal magnetic resonance imaging study seen in this patient are not features characteristic of epilepsia partialis continua. (J Child Neurol 1999;14:325-327).
Characterization of the Net1 cell cycle-dependent regulator of the Cdc14 phosphatase from budding yeast.

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the multifunctional protein Net1 is implicated in regulating the cell cycle function of the Cdc14 protein phosphatase. Genetic and cell biological data suggest that during interphase and early mitosis Net1 holds Cdc14 within the nucleolus where its activity is suppressed. Upon its transient release from Net1 at late anaphase, active Cdc14 promotes exit from mitosis by dephosphorylating targets in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this paper we present evidence supporting the proposed role of Net1 in regulating Cdc14 and exit from mitosis, We show that the NH2-terminal fragment Net1(1-600) directly binds Cdc14 in vitro and is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of its activity (K-i = 3 nM) with five different substrates including the physiologic targets Swi5 and Sic1. An analysis of truncation mutants indicates that the Cdc14 binding site is located within a segment of Net1 containing residues 1-341. We propose that Net1 inhibits by occluding the active site of Cdc14 because it acts as a competitive inhibitor, binds to a site located within the catalytic domain (residues 1-374), binds with reduced affinity to a Cdc14 C283S mutant in which an active site Cys is replaced, and is displaced by tungstate, a transition state analog known to bind in the catalytic site of protein-tyrosine phosphatases.
Expression of Japanese encephalitis virus antigens in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The expression of Japanese encephalitis virus (JE) cDNA in Escherichia coli has been used to study the functional organization of the viral genome. JE protein coding sequences were expressed in E. coli by subcloning random fragments of cloned cDNA (P. C. McAda, P. W. Mason, C. S. Schmaljohn, J. M. Dalrymple, T. L. Mason, and M. J. Fournier, 1987 , Virology 158, 348–360) into the bacteriophage λτ11 expression vector. Over 120 λτl1 recombinants expressing viral protein sequences as β-galactosidase fusion proteins were identified immunologically with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal hyperimmune mouse ascites fluid (HMAF). This expression and immunological detection strategy has been used to (1) map viral protein coding sequences to the JE genome; (2) demonstrate that contiguous viral protein coding regions can be expressed as single polypeptides in E. coli , providing functional confirmation for a long viral open reading frame; (3) localize important antigenic domains within the envelope protein E; and (4) identify in JE-infected cells a form of the glycosylated nonstructural protein NS1 that contains a hydrophobic C-terminal extension encoded by portions of the “ns2a” region of the JE genome.
Customer Expectations and Perceptions of Service Quality in Retail Apparel Specialty Stores

Examines the differences between consumers′ expectations and perceptions of service quality they received when shopping apparel specialty stores. Also takes into account consumer demographic characteristics. Utilizes SERVQUAL scale and methodology developed by Parasuraman et al., (1991). Calculates gap scores by subtracting the expectation scores from the perception scores. Using a factor analysis procedure, four determinants of service quality emerged: (1) Personal Attention; (2) Reliability; (3) Tangibles; and (4) Convenience. Findings indicate greatest disparity between expectations and perceptions for the Personal Attention factor. Consumer demographic characteristics of race, marital status, and income provided significant differences between expectations and perceptions for Reliability and Convenience. Also considers the importance of service as a patronage criterion for apparel specialty store consumers. Indicates that service ranked third in importance behind merchandise assortment and price.
Simply Irresistible: Reality TV Consumption Patterns

This purpose of this study was to explore college students' consumption patterns in regard to reality television, their rationale for watching reality shows, their perceptions of the situations portrayed on these shows, and the role of social affiliation in the students' consumption of reality television. The results of focus groups indicate that while participants perceive a social stigma associated with watching reality television, they continue to watch because of the perceived escapism and social affiliation provided.
On the design of a survey for reconciling consumer behaviors with demand response in the smart home

There are many avenues of current and future research for addressing peak load strain on the U.S. electricity grid. With peak loads in many areas mainly comprising residential loads, the opportunities for residential demand response are great. Behavior changes accompanying technical solutions hold the promise of large and long lasting energy savings and peak reductions. By engaging disciplines outside the typical domain of the electric power industry, specifically psychology, there is the opportunity to motivate residential customers. This may be achieved by customized prompts and feedback designed to change behaviors. The result may lead to more efficient operation of the distribution grid, substantial peak load reductions, and efficiency gains. To that end, this paper presents two potential multi-criteria decision-making methodologies as they would apply to a residential building energy management system. The control system would need user-specific input, and this paper presents a procedure that incorporates fundamentals of social psychology for developing a survey to ascertain user preferences.
Effects of bisacodyl on ascending colon emptying and overall colonic transit in healthy volunteers

Background and Aim The mechanism of action of bisacodyl in the unprepared human colon is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of oral bisacodyl on the overall and regional colonic transit in humans. \
The anodic oxidation of maleic acid on platinized-platinum

Abstract The anodic oxidation of maleic acid was studied on platinized-Pt at 80° in solutions of H2SO4 and/or K2SO4. The unionized species were found to be oxidized with coulombic efficiencies for CO2 production of 97 ± 5%. Reaction rates were measured as a function of potential, pH, maleic acid concentration; and temperature. An activation energy of 33.4 kcal was found.
Paramagnetic levitational assembly of hydrogels.

Figure 1 . (A) Schematic of hydrogel fabrication process. Hydrogel units were fabricated by photolithography. 20 μ L of gel precursor solution was Tissues and organs are composed of repeating functional units. [ 1–3,48 ] Among these repeating basic cellular structures are the hexagonal lobule in liver, the nephron in kidney, and the islets in pankreas. [ 4–6 ] Tissue engineering aims to mimic the native 3D tissue architecture. [ 7 , 47 ] Engineered tissue constructs have broad applications in regenerative medicine [ 8–10 ] and physiological systems for pharmaceutical research. [ 11 ] In vivo , cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM), and exist in well-defi ned spatial organization with neighboring cells. Tissue functionality depends on these components, their interactions and relative spatial locations. [ 12–14 ] A high level of control over 3D tissue architecture has applications in identifying structure–function relationships in order to resolve underlying mechanisms and to model biological phenomena and diseases in vitro. Scaffolding and existing top-down approaches offer limited control over recapitulating 3D architecture and complex features of native tissues. [ 15 , 16 ] On the other hand, bottom-up methods aim to generate complex tissue structures by assembling building blocks, such as cell encapsulating microscale hydrogels. [ 4 , 17–22 ]
Large-scale stationary and turbulent flow over topography

The contributions made to the formation of stationary features of flow over topography by linear and nonlinear dynamics were examined with an integrated quasi-geostrophic model with idealized topographic forcing. The simulation was run out to several months and generated time-averaged values which were compared with those obtained with linear theory. Linear predictions were converted to turbulent features through the addition of stationary, nonlinear thermodynamic and transient vorticity fluxes. The turbulence features matched atmospheric data on energy spectra, the direction and magnitude of energy transfers, and the spatial magnitudes involved. Transient flow transferred the majority of energy absorbed by the upscale flow and, by absorbing energy, reduced the energy of stationary flow while retaining resonance signatures. Instability was a pervasive feature of the topographically forced flow except at high wavenumbers. The results confirm that transient eddies are interactive with both asymmetric and zonal flow and cannot be adequately described by linear theory.
Erratum to: A Multiple Choice Testing Program Coupled with a Year-long Elective Experience is Associated with Improved Performance on the Internal Medicine In-Training Examination

Background The Internal Medicine In-Training Exam (IM-ITE) assesses the content knowledge of internal medicine trainees. Many programs use the IM-ITE to counsel residents, to create individual remediation plans, and to make fundamental programmatic and curricular modifications.