cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EUVE photometric observations of the Moon

During its all-sky survey, the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite observed the Moon several times at first and last quarters, and once immediately following the Dec. 10 1992 lunar eclipse. We present here a portion of this data, in the form of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) images of the Moon and derived geometric albedos. From the EUVE photometer data we obtain average geometric albedos of 0.15% (+/- 0.03%), 3.1% (+/- 0.3%), and 3.5% (+/- 0.3%), over wavelength intervals of 150-240 A, 400-580 A, and 550-650 A, respectively. An upper limit geometric albedo of 0.13% is obtained for the wavelength interval 75-180 A. Also, using previously published ROSAT data, we estimate a lunar geometric albedo of 0.014% (+/- 0.002%) over the wavelength interval 50-80 A. These EUV albedos (and previously published far-ultraviolet albedos) are well fit by the scaled reflectivities of SiO2 and Al2O3. Over the wavelength ranges of the EUVE photometers, the observed brightness of the Moon seems to be largely consistent with reflected sunlight rather than X-ray fluorescence. Since the L- and M-shell fluorescence signal is expected to be carried by only small number of emission lines, however, it will require EUV observations of higher spectral resolution (approximately less than 5 A) to determine their exact contribution, if any, to the lunar EUV spectrum.
Strategies for sound internet measurement

Conducting an Internet measurement study in a sound fashion can be much more difficult than it might first appear. We present a number of strategies drawn from experiences for avoiding or overcoming some of the pitfalls. In particular, we discuss dealing with errors and inaccuracies; the importance of associating meta-data with measurements; the technique of calibrating measurements by examining outliers and testing for consistencies; difficulties that arise with large-scale measurements; the utility of developing a discipline for reliably reproducing analysis results; and issues with making datasets publicly available. We conclude with thoughts on the sorts of tools and community practices that can assist researchers with conducting sound measurement studies.
Repositioning of human interphase chromosomes by nucleolar dynamics in the reverse transformation of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells.

Abstract An experimental system which should be valuable for studying the role of spatial positioning of the nuclear genome in human cell function has been developed. Reverse transformation of the malignant HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell line upon treatment with 8-chloro-cAMP results in growth inhibition, cytoskeletal reorganization, changes in nuclear shape and chromatin accessibility, and formation of prominent nucleoli. Fluorescentin situhybridization was used to study DNA positioning during nuclear remodeling. Morphometric analysis of the hybridization sites for both repetitive sequences and “painting probes” for whole chromosomes indicated dispersal of acrocentric chromosomes in untreated cells and a highly organized central location of these ribosome gene-containing chromosomes in association with one or a few large nucleoli in nondividing treated cells. The results suggest that there was a directed movement of interphase chromosomes during a response which normalized a malignant cell line. These large-scale repositionings may serve two functions in restoring a normal transcriptional setup to the nucleus. First, ribosome genes are placed in the nucleolus, their transcriptional suborganelle. Second, nucleolar anchorings together with additional perinucleolar centromeric associations orient the domain shapes of entire chromosomes, installing gene-rich chromosomal regions into pockets of (accessible) DNAse I-sensitive chromatin populated by spliceosomes.
A Mutualistic Security Service Model: Supporting Large-Scale Virtualized Environments

Applying a mutualistic security service model to large-scale virtualized environments that rely on contributed hardware lets researchers improve security in exchange for resources. The authors discuss this model in the context of the Global Environment for Network Innovation (GENI) project.
DVL, a novel class of small polypeptides: overexpression alters Arabidopsis development.

Small polypeptides can act as important regulatory molecules that coordinate cellular responses required for differentiation, growth, and development. In a gain-of-function genetic screen for genes that influence fruit development in Arabidopsis, we identified a novel gene - DEVIL1 (DVL1) - encoding a small protein. Overexpression of DVL1 results in pleiotropic phenotypes featured by shortened stature, rounder rosette leaves, clustered inflorescences, shortened pedicles, and siliques with pronged tips. cDNA analysis indicates that DVL1 has a 153-nucleotide (nt) open-reading frame (ORF) encoding a 51-amino acid polypeptide that shares no significant similarity to previously identified proteins. Sequence alignment shows that DVL1 belongs to a family of related genes that are limited to angiosperm plants. Ectopic overexpression of each of the five closely related Arabidopsis DVL genes causes similar phenotypic changes, suggesting overlapping function in the DVL gene family. Point mutations of conserved amino acids in the C-terminal region of the DVL1 polypeptide reveal that these conserved residues are required for DVL1-overexpression phenotypes. Our results show that the DVL family is a novel class of small polypeptides and the overexpression phenotypes suggest that these polypeptides may have a role in plant development.
Data driven approach for high resolution population distribution and dynamics models

High resolution population distribution data are vital for successfully addressing critical issues ranging from energy and socio-environmental research to public health to human security. Commonly available population data from Census is constrained both in space and time and does not capture population dynamics as functions of space and time. This imposes a significant limitation on the fidelity of event-based simulation models with sensitive space-time resolution. This paper describes ongoing development of high-resolution population distribution and dynamics models, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, through spatial data integration and modeling with behavioral or activity-based mobility datasets for representing temporal dynamics of population. The model is resolved at 1 km resolution globally and describes the U.S. population for nighttime and daytime at 90m. Integration of such population data provides the opportunity to develop simulations and applications in critical infrastructure management from local to global scales.
Use of Felled Junipers to Protect Streamside Willows From Browsing

Willow (Salix) communities are important components of riparian ecosystems. However, browsing by livestock and wildlife species can negatively impact willow size and abundance, and make restoration efforts difficult. A common solution has been fencing of affected willows to exclude ungulates, but fencing is expensive and may not complement desirable land management strategies. An alternative to fencing is the use of structures that limit access to streamside willows, without excluding ungulate access to the entire riparian zone. We examined the use of felled western juniper trees (Juniperus occidentalis Hook) placed over streamside willow shrubs. Four replicates of felled western juniper treatments (covered) and noncovered treatments were applied to a 1.2-km length of stream in southeastern Oregon. Willows (< 2 m) within treatment areas were censused, tagged, examined for evidence of browse-use, and measured for maximum height during August 2002, before treatment. Posttreatment measurements were made in August and October 2003. Results indicate that by August 2003 (posttreatment) the average growth of willows in covered treatments was 25 cm (480%) greater than in noncovered treatments. By October 2003 (posttreatment), more shrubs were browsed in noncovered (84%) than covered (39%) treatments. Our data suggest that covering small willow shrubs (< 2 m tall) with felled western juniper is an effective deterrent to browsing.
HBase, MapReduce, and Integrated Data Visualization for Processing Clinical Signal Data

Processing high-density clinical signal data (data from biomedical sensors deployed in the clinical environment) is resource intensive and time consuming. We propose a novel approach to storing and processing clinical signal data based on the Apache HBase distributed column-store and the MapReduce programming paradigm with an integrated web-based data visualization layer. An integrated solution negates the need to marshal data into and out of the storage system while also easily parallelizing the computation, a problem that is becoming more and more important due to increasing numbers of sensors and resulting data. We estimate upwards of 50TB of clinical signal data for a 200-bed medical center within the next 5 years. Consequently, efficient processing of clinical signal data is a vital step towards multivariate analysis of the signal data in order to develop better ways of describing a patient’s clinical status.
New daily persistent headache: A lack of an association with white matter abnormalities on neuroimaging:

ObjectiveTo provide results from the largest study of new daily persistent headache patients to date and specifically evaluate if patients with primary new daily persistent headache develop white matter abnormalities or infarct-like lesions on neuroimaging.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patient medical records utilizing an electronic medical record system. All patients were seen at a headache specialty clinic by a single headache neurologist and diagnosed with primary new daily persistent headache during the time period of January 2009 to January 2013.ResultsAltogether, 97 patients were diagnosed with primary new daily persistent headache (65 women and 32 men). The mean average age of onset was slightly younger in women than men: 32.4 years vs. 35.8 years. In total, 84 of the 97 new daily persistent headache patients had no white matter abnormalities or infarct-like lesions on magnetic resonance imaging with a gender distribution of 56 women and 28 men. The mean age of onset of this white matter negativ...
A Heterogeneous Multi-Task Learning for Predicting RBC Transfusion and Perioperative Outcomes

It would be desirable before a surgical procedure to have a prediction rule that could accurately estimate the probability of a patient bleeding, need for blood transfusion, and other important outcomes. Such a prediction rule would allow optimal planning, more efficient use of blood bank resources, and identification of high-risk patient cohort for specific perioperative interventions. The goal of this study is to develop an efficient and accurate algorithm that could estimate the risk of multiple outcomes simultaneously. Specifically, a heterogeneous multi-task learning method is proposed for learning outcomes such as perioperative bleeding, intraoperative RBC transfusion, ICU care, and ICU length of stay. Additional outcomes not normally predicted are incorporated in the model for transfer learning and help improve the performance of relevant outcomes. Results for predicting perioperative bleeding and need for blood transfusion for patients undergoing non-cardiac operations from an institutional transfusion datamart show that the proposed method significantly increases AUC and G-Mean by more than 6% and 5% respectively over standard single-task learning methods.
Elevations in inflammatory cytokines are associated with poor outcomes in mechanically ventilated burn patients.

Background The treatment of burn patients who undergo mechanical ventilation is complicated by many factors; patient outcomes and mortality could potentially be improved with predictive biomarkers. Severe burn provokes a systemic inflammatory response characterized by the release of a host of cytokines. Recent studies evaluated the prognostic value of temporal changes in cytokine levels in several patient populations, but few have compared differences in the cytokine profiles of survivors and nonsurvivors following severe burn. We previously compared high-frequency percussive ventilation and low-tidal-volume ventilation and found no difference in mortality or cytokine levels between the two treatments. Since it is unknown whether cytokine levels are predictive of mortality in these patients, we performed a post hoc analysis comparing cytokine levels in survivors and nonsurvivors. Methods We evaluated plasma levels of several cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor α) for their prognostic biomarker potential related to mortality at 0, 3, and 7 days in survivors and nonsurvivors of burns. Results While the majority of values for IL-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor α fell below the limit of quantification, univariate analysis demonstrated higher plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in nonsurvivors on Day 7. Logistic regression revealed that elevated plasma IL-8 was independently associated with an increased likelihood of the composite end point of death or ventilator-associated pneumonia with odds ratios of 7.9, 26, and 7.3 on Days 0, 3, and 7, respectively. Conclusion Early increases in plasma IL-8 are associated with a multifold increase in death or ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated burn patients. Level of evidence Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level IV; therapeutic study, level IV.
THE TRUE ORIGIN OF SPURIOUS SOLUTIONS AND THEIR AVOIDANCE BY THE LEAST-SQUARES FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The occurrence of spurious solutions has been a notorious trouble in computational electromagnetics. The noted feature of these fictitious solutions is their violating the divergence-free equations in cases where the physical solution is completely solenoidal.
Elemental Detection of Cerium and Gadolinium in Aqueous Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy:

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect and measure the concentrations of Ce and Gd in aqueous aerosol solutions. A total of 36 standards, with concentrations of Ce and Gd ranging from 100 parts per million (ppm) to 10 000 ppm, were made to explore the relationship between them. In this study, a Collison nebulizer with an argon carrier gas was used to generate the aerosol droplets. For each liquid sample, ten repetitions of 200 laser shots each were recorded. The percent relative standard deviations (%RSD) were on an average of 7.5% between the ten different sample repetitions. Due to the close proximity of the Ce and Gd lines, it was challenging to identify peaks with low interferences. However, several lines were identified, calibration curves were constructed, and the best curves were generated using the 457.228 nm line for Ce and the 409.861 nm line for Gd. The LODs for these curves were calculated to be 209.7 ppm and 216.4 ppm for the Ce line and Gd line, respectively.
Analytical Seismic Assessment of a Tall Long-Span Curved Reinforced-Concrete Bridge. Part I: Numerical Modeling and Input Excitation

The seismic response of bridges is affected by a number of modeling considerations, such as pier embedment, buried pile caps, seat-type abutments, pounding, bond slip and architecturally flared part of piers, and loading considerations, such as non-uniform ground excitations and orientation of ground motion components, which are not readily addressed by design codes. This article addresses a methodology for the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of a tall, long-span, curved, reinforced-concrete bridge, the Mogollon Rim Viaduct. Various modeling scenarios are considered for the bridge components, soil-structure interaction system, and materials, i.e., concrete and reinforcing steel, covering all its geotechnical and structural aspects based on recent advances in bridge engineering. Various analysis methodologies (nonlinear static pushover, time history response to uniform and spatially variable seismic excitations, and incremental dynamic analyses) are performed. For the dynamic analyses, a suite of nin...
Sex-Specific Selection and Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Humans and Flies.

Sexual dimorphism results from sex-biased gene expression, which evolves when selection acts differently on males and females. While there is an intimate connection between sex-biased gene expression and sex-specific selection, few empirical studies have studied this relationship directly. Here we compare the two on a genome-wide scale in humans and flies. We find a distinctive “Twin Peaks” pattern in humans that relates the strength of sex-specific selection, quantified by genetic divergence between male and female adults at autosomal loci, to the degree of sex-biased expression. Genes with intermediate degrees of sex-biased expression show evidence of ongoing sex-specific selection, while genes with either little or completely sex-biased expression do not. This pattern apparently results from differential viability selection in males and females acting in the current generation. The Twin Peaks pattern is also found in Drosophila using a different measure of sex-specific selection acting on fertility. We develop a simple model that successfully recapitulates the Twin Peaks. Our results suggest that many genes with intermediate sex-biased expression experience ongoing sex-specific selection in humans and flies.
Trade Associations and Economic Regulation in the Lyons Fabrique: From the 1860s to the 1920s

In the 1860s Lyons was the main European center for the production of silk fabrics and one of the major global silk trade centers. Its fabrique (silk industry) exhibited the characteristics of the Marshallian industrial district or those of a cluster. This chapter deals with the actions of the chambres syndicales (trade associations) founded by silk merchants and merchants-manufacturers in the 1860s onward. It will first map the institutional landscape that enabled the working of the fabrique before the end of the 1860s. Next, it will examine the emergence of formal trade associations and the challenges, arising from shortage of high-quality raw silk produced in Europe, among other things that these associations had to deal with. Lastly, it will identify the kinds of responses that they attempted to provide for maintaining credibility of the Lyons fabrique in specific fields such as commercial and economic information, product quality, and evolving commercial customs.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Are There Benefits?

Early secondary prevention trials of fish and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) capsules reported beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, including all-cause mortality and sudden cardiac death. These clinical findings, as well as observational and experimental data, demonstrated that omega-3 PUFAs reduced the risk of coronary outcomes and overall mortality and were the basis for recommendations made in the early 2000s to increase omega-3 PUFA intake. In the last 6 years, however, results from both primary and secondary prevention trials have generally failed to show a beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation, bringing current recommendations into question. Several possible reasons for these null findings have been proposed, including short treatment periods, relatively low doses of omega-3 PUFAs, small sample sizes, higher background omega-3 intakes, and the concurrent use of modern pharmacotherapy for CVD prevention. At least one of these caveats is being assessed in major clinical trials, with two omega-3 PUFA pharmacological agents being tested at doses of 4 g/day (instead of the more common <1 g/day). These null findings, however, do not necessarily mean that omega-3 PUFAs “are ineffective” in general, only that they were not effective in the context in which they were tested. Accordingly, higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs, either from fatty fish or from supplements, if continued for decades (as the epidemiological data support) are likely to contribute towards lower risk for CVD. At this time, evidence supports the consumption of a healthy dietary pattern with at least two servings per week of fatty fish. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation is a reasonable alternative for those who do not consume fish, although fish is the preferred source of omega-3 PUFAs because it also provides additional nutrients, some of which are often under-consumed.
Fatigue of 2D and 3D Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites and of a Unitized Polymer/Ceramic Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature

Tension–tension fatigue behavior of two polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and that of a unitized polymer matrix/ceramic matrix composite was studied at elevated temperature. The two PMCs consist of the NRPE polyimide matrix reinforced with carbon fibers but have different fiber architectures: one is a single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave composite and another, a laminated composite, reinforced with 15 plies of an eight-harness satin weave (8HSW) fabric. The unitized composite consists of a PMC co-cured with a ceramic matrix composite (CMC). The PMC part consists of the NRPE polyimide matrix reinforced with 12 plies of an 8HSW carbon fiber fabric. The CMC part consists of a zirconia-based ceramic matrix reinforced with three plies of an 8HSW quartz fiber fabric. In order to assess the performance and suitability of the three composites for the use in aerospace components designed to contain high-temperature environments, mechanical tests were performed under temperature conditions simulating the actual operating conditions. In all elevated temperature tests performed in this work, one side of the test specimen was at 329 °C, while the other side was open to ambient laboratory air. The tensile stress–strain behavior of the three composites was investigated, and the tensile properties measured for both on-axis (0/90) and off-axis (±45) fiber orientations. Elevated temperature had little effect on the on-axis tensile properties of the three composites. The off-axis tensile strength of the two PMCs decreased slightly at elevated temperature, while the off-axis strength of the unitized PMC/CMC remained unchanged. Tension–tension fatigue tests were conducted at elevated temperature at a frequency of 1.0 Hz with a ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress of R = 0.05. Fatigue runout was defined as 2 × 105 cycles. Both strain accumulation and modulus evolution during cycling were analyzed for each fatigue test. The laminated PMC exhibited better fatigue resistance than the other two composites. Specimens that achieved fatigue runout were subjected to tensile tests to failure to characterize the retained tensile properties. Posttest examination under optical microscope revealed severe delamination in the laminated PMC and the unitized PMC/CMC. The non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave composite offered improved delamination resistance.
Ultra small cross-section photonic probes for deep tissue non-invasive light delivery

We demonstrate a new platform for minimally invasive, photonics light delivery. The fabricated probes have sub-10μm cross-sectional dimensions and lengths greater than 3mm (a 1000:1 aspect ratio). We show mechanical robustness and low optical losses.
The diagnostic performance of leak-plugging automated segmentation versus manual tracing of breast lesions on ultrasound images.

PurposeTo assess the diagnostic performance of a leak-plugging segmentation method that we have developed for delineating breast masses on ultrasound images.Materials and methodsFifty-two biopsy-pr...
Phase Noise Induced by a Vibrating Antenna

When an antenna vibrates, it induces phase noise on the signals that it transmits and receives. This noise source is significant for microwave and millimeter-wave systems operating in high-vibration environments that require low phase noise at small frequency offsets. The purpose of this paper is to derive equations to compute phase noise from vibration parameters and to validate the equations with measurements. It is shown that the induced phase noise varies as ${f}_{v}^{-4}$ , where ${f}_{v}$ is the frequency of vibration. The results are then compared to the phase noise induced on an oscillator by vibration to determine the oscillator g sensitivity such that the oscillator and antenna phase noise contributions are equal. For state-of-the-art low-g-sensitivity oscillators, the phase noise contribution of the antenna can dominate at vibrational frequencies up to several kilohertz. The vibrational phase noise sensitivity of the antenna is also larger than the reported vibrational sensitivity of coaxial cables up to at least 1000-Hz vibrational frequencies and bandpass filters up to 300–1000-Hz vibrational frequencies depending on the filter quality factor.
Uniaxial deformation of face-centered-cubic(Ni)-ordered B2(NiAl) bicrystals: atomistic mechanisms near a Kurdjumov–Sachs interface

Creating tailored interfaces between soft and hard materials is a promising route to simultaneously enhance ductility and strength of multicomponent materials. Here, we study deformation mechanisms in a model bicrystal, with a Kurdjumov–Sachs (KS) interface, between face-centered-cubic Ni and ordered-B2 NiAl slabs using molecular dynamics simulations. The bicrystals were uniaxially deformed by strain rates of $$10^7$$ and $$10^9\,\hbox {s}^{-1}$$ by holding temperatures constant at 300, 500, 700, and 900 K for each strain rate. Our simulations reveal atomistic processes that create sessile and glissile dislocations, and their reactions during high-strain rate deformation. At $$10^9\,\hbox {s}^{-1}$$ strain rates, dislocation processes enhance ductility and cause large-scale atomic rearrangements in the KS interfacial region. This subsequently causes nucleation, growth, and coalescence of nano-voids into cracks inside the harder B2-ordered phase bordering the interface. Our results suggest that interfaces between “soft”–“hard” materials likely withstand high-strain rates better.
Aspects of Boundary Control Theory

Abstract We sketch some of the more recent developments in boundary control theory for partial differential equations, keeping a somewhat historical perspective.
Expecting That Alcohol Use Will Reduce Social Anxiety Moderates the Relation Between Social Anxiety and Alcohol Consumption

We examined the hypothesis that social anxiety and alcohol outcome expectancies interact in relating to the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. Two hundred twenty-nine undergraduates completed self-report questionnaires. The results showed situational specificity of alcohol expectancies. Expecting that alcohol would reduce anxiety in social situations moderated the relation between social anxiety and alcohol consumption; no such moderating effect was found for expectancy of general tension reduction. Among those who did not expect alcohol to reduce their anxiety in social situations, high-social-anxiety participants reported lower frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption than did low-social-anxiety individuals. High- and low-social-anxiety participants who expected alcohol to reduce their social anxiety did not differ in their alcohol consumption.
Exploratory Work in the Quaternary System of Ca⁻Eu⁻Cd⁻Sb: Synthesis, Crystal, and Electronic Structures of New Zintl Solid Solutions.

Investigation of the quaternary system, Ca–Eu–Cd–Sb, led to a discovery of the new solid solutions, Ca1−xEuxCd2Sb2, with the CaAl2Si2 structure type (x ≈ 0.3–0.9, hP5, P 3 ¯ m1, a = 4.6632(5)–4.6934(3) A, c = 7.630(1)–7.7062(7) A), Ca2−xEuxCdSb2 with the Yb2CdSb2 type (x ≈ 0.6, oS20, Cmc21, a = 4.646(2) A, b = 17.733(7) A, c = 7.283(3) A), and Eu11−xCaxCd6Sb12 with the Sr11Cd6Sb12 type (x ≈ 1, mS58, C2/m, a = 32.407(4) A, b = 4.7248(5) A, c = 12.377(1) A, β = 109.96(1)°). Systematic crystallographic studies of the Ca1−xEuxCd2Sb2 series indicated expansion of the unit cell upon an increase in the Eu content, in accordance with a larger ionic radius of Eu2+ vs. Ca2+. The Ca2−xEuxCdSb2 composition with x ≈ 0.6 adopts the non-centrosymmetric space group, Cmc21, although the parent ternary phase, Ca2CdSb2, crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group, Pnma. Two non-equivalent Ca sites in the layered crystal structure of Ca2−xEuxCdSb2 get unevenly occupied by Eu, with a preference for the interlayer position, which offers a larger available volume. Similar size-driven preferred occupation is observed in the Eu11−xCaxCd6Sb12 solid solution with x ≈ 1.
When Men Give Birth to Intimacy: the Case of Jay-Z’s “4:44”

This paper examines how Jay-Z’s song “4:44” transforms male homosocial spaces into settings where men give birth to intimacy towards women. I argue that the album’s producer, No ID, provided the conditions for Jay-Z to reveal feelings that he could not express on his own. Interviews show that No ID acted as a midwife that induced the birth of Jay-Z’s disclosures about his infidelity that he wanted to discuss but did not know how. Moreover, the video footnotes to “4:44” feature a group of men nurturing each other’s ability to be vulnerable in relationships. This model of men using homosocial spaces to be vulnerable and honest about the hurt they caused is an important departure from previous research showing black musicians nurturing emotional intimacy at the expense of their female partners (Carby 1998).
Integrated nanophotonics technology and applications (Conference Presentation)

Various future system applications that involve photonic technology rely on our ability to integrate it on a chip to augment and/or interact with other signals (e.g., electrical, chemical, biomedical, etc.). For example, future computing and communication systems will need integration of photonic circuits with electronics and thus require miniaturization of photonic materials, devices and subsystems. Another example, involves integration of microfluidics with nanophotonics, where former is used for particle manipulation, preparation and delivery, and the latter in a large size array form parallel detection of numerous biomedical reactions useful for healthcare applications. To advance the nanophotonics technology we established design, fabrication and testing tools at UCSD. The design tools need to incorporate not only the electromagnetic equations, but also the material, quantum physics, thermal, etc. equations to include near field interactions. These designs are integrated with device fabrication and characterization to validate the device concepts and optimize their performance. Our research work emphasizes the construction of passive (e.g., engineered composite metamaterials, filters, etc.) and active (e.g., nanolasers) components on-chip, with the same lithographic tools as electronics. In this talk, we discuss progress in passive and active integrated photonic devices, circuits and systems that recently have been demonstrated in our labs.
Source Mechanisms for Arctic Ocean Ambient Noise

I review mechanisms for the generation of Arctic Ocean noise. These are connected with ice fracture processes that radiate sound into the water, and pertain to the high concentration of ice as in the central Arctic, as well as to the low concentration often found near the ice/water edge in the marginal ice zone. Ice is caused to deform and break in response to environmental forcing including, but not limited to, wind, current, thermal, and internal-and surface-wave stresses. Deformation of ice can give rise to unloading motion immediately the ice breaks, and is important at low frequencies (5–100 Hz). The breaking process itself is important at intermediate frequencies (100–2000 Hz). These two main processes are further distinguished by their radiation, unloading motion having a dipole characteristic, and breaking motion an octopole characteristic. In both cases plausible modeling of these source motions suggests stress conditions in the ice more appropriate to rheological rather than elastic properties of sea ice, since the stress factors presumed to be operative are several orders of magnitude smaller than that which can be attributed to idealized characteristics from linear elastic experiments on laboratory ice. It is of interest that these differences between real and laboratory ice bear striking resemblance to the differences between real and laboratory rock materials, a difference made evident by use of ice fracture models from earthquake models. Indeed ice source mechanics can be seen as analogous to earthquake source mechanics.
Description of 5 Novel SLC34A3/NPT2c Mutations Causing Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets With Hypercalciuria.

Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. The disease was mapped to SLC34A3, the gene encoding renal sodium-phosphate (Pi) cotransporter NPT2c.1 Hypophosphatemia leads to suppression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and hypercalciuria, the hallmark of HHRH, which is shared by a group of Pi wasting disorders caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC34A1/NPT2a2 but differentiates it from X-linked and autosomal forms of FGF23-dependent hypophosphatemia.3 Typically, patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous SLC34A3/NPT2c mutations present in childhood with metabolic bone disease and less commonly with nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis. Conversely, heterozygous carriers present later in life with idiopathic hypercalciuria, often with mild hypophosphatemia and/or elevated 1,25(OH)2D levels, which set this condition apart from other forms of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis.4 Bone disease is generally absent in heterozygous carriers. Correct diagnosis of HHRH by genetic testing is essential for timely therapeutic intervention. Here we describe three individuals with HHRH in whom we discovered five novel compound heterozygous SLC34A3/NPT2c mutations, and discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Student attitudes toward physical education.

Abstract A group of 199 college males completed the Wear physical education attitude inventory. The responding subjects were subsequently classified according to the size of the high school attended, the college of matriculation, and the physical education class in which they were currently enrolled. No significant variations in attitude scores toward physical education were found within the subgroups of each of the three classifications. However, a significant difference in attitude scores was found between the responses to the four categories of items of the inventory. A significant variation in response was obtained between the subset formed by the physiological and the social items and the subset created by the mental-emotional and general items of the Wear attitude inventory.
Action Learning Cohort Series: An Innovative Community-Engaged Approach for Translating Research Into Practice

Cultivating strong partnerships among community and academic stakeholders expedites the translation of research findings into practice and communities by enhancing opportunities for research dissemination and implementation. However, the lack of systematic methods for community stakeholder engagement may decelerate the translational research process. The North Carolina Translational Research and Clinical Sciences Institute implemented an innovative approach to community engagement called the Action Learning Cohort (ALC) Series. The ALC Series, a workgroup extension of a professional conference, used action learning and systems thinking strategies to conceptualize and develop a product aimed at preventing, treating, and controlling hypertension in eastern North Carolina. We evaluated the acceptability and practicality of the ALC Series using survey, focus group, and interview pilot data. Action learning and systems thinking strategies led ALC stakeholders to develop and disseminate The Empathy Building Resource Guide: A Toolkit for Enhancing Patient-Provider Relationships in the Treatment, Management, and Prevention of Hypertension. Stakeholders rated the Series as satisfactory and acknowledged gains in knowledge and desire for engagement with fellow ALC stakeholders beyond the Series. The ALC Series approach is a potentially practical and acceptable model for systematically engaging community stakeholders in translating knowledge into a product that addresses health topics like hypertension.
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an elderly man with plasma cell myeloma and long-term exposure to thalidomide and lenalidomide: a case report and literature review

The advent of the immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) lenalidomide and thalidomide for the treatment of patients with plasma cell myeloma (PCM), has contributed to more than a doubling of the overall survival of these individuals. As a result, PCM patients join survivors of other malignancies such as breast and prostate cancer with a relatively new clinical problem – second primary malignancies (SPMs) – many of which are a result of the treatment of the initial cancer. PCM patients have a statistically significant increased risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and Kaposi sarcoma. IMiD treatment has also been associated with an increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), AML, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. However, within these overlapping groups, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is much less common. Herein, we describe an elderly man with PCM and a 14-year cumulative history of IMiD therapy who developed persistent pancytopenia and was diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). He joins a group of 17 other patients documented in the literature who have followed a similar sequence of events starting with worsening cytopenias while on IMiD maintenance for PCM. These PCM patients were diagnosed with B-ALL after a median time of 36 months after starting IMiD therapy and at a median age of 61.5 years old. PCM patients with subsequent B-ALL have a poorer prognosis than their de novo B-ALL counterparts, however, the very low prevalence rate of subsequent B-ALL and high efficacy of IMiD maintenance therapy in PCM should not alter physicians’ current practice. Instead, there should be a low threshold for bone marrow biopsy for unexplained cytopenias.
Innovative prestressing technique using curved shape memory alloy reinforcement

Abstract Concrete prestressing techniques have been widely used in various structural applications. However, the application of local prestressing has been limited due to complexities related to the on-site implementation of anchorage devices and mechanical jacking systems. In this work, a novel method is introduced to apply local prestressing using curved Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) reinforcement. The experimental part of the study involves casting and prestressing a mortar plate with embedded curved prestrained SMA wire. The prestressing of the SMA wire is conducted by applying temperature using electrical resistivity. Next, an experimental study is carried out to explore the feasibility of using a mortar plate with embedded SMA as a precast prestressing plate (PPP) for existing concrete. A comparison is carried out between different installation methods to ensure effective connection between the PPP and concrete. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and strain gage measurements are adopted to monitor the value and distribution of prestress in specimens. The experimental results are used to validate a Finite Element (FE) model of the SMA-reinforced PPP. The model is used to conduct a parametric study to explore the effect of SMA geometric configuration on the prestressing level. The experimental and numerical results show that the proposed prestressing technique is valid and can be used effectively for local prestressing.
The elevated risk of ovarian clear cell carcinoma among Asian Pacific Islander women in the United States is not affected by birthplace.

Abstract Objective To determine incidence of ovarian clear cell cancer (OCCC) by race ethnicity and how that relationship is affected by birthplace among Asian Pacific Islanders (API). Methods The 18 registries of the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset were queried to identify all women registered with epithelial ovarian cancer from 1973 to 2013. Relative risks of OCCC to non-OCCC based on ethnicity and birthplace were compared. Results We identified 72, 501 women with epithelial ovarian cancer in the dataset; of these, 5078 (7.0%) had OCCC and 4859 (6.7%) were API. The age-adjusted incidence rate/100,000 women of OCCC was significantly higher in API women (0.6, 0.5–0.6 95% CI) compared to any other ethnicity. A significantly higher proportion of API women had OCCC (14.5%) compared to their White (6.6%, RR 2.2, p Conclusions We have demonstrated that, in the US, there is an elevated risk of OCCC associated with API ethnicity. Place of birth does not appear to significantly modify the association, suggesting that the increased risk of OCCC in API women may not be affected by acculturation or environmental exposure. Future research exploring the complex relationships between ethnicity and risk of malignancy will be important as we make progress in understanding disease process and treatment.
TEMPORAL TRENDS AND OUTCOMES OF ELECTIVE AORTIC REPAIR AND ACUTE AORTIC SYNDROMES IN PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVES

There is paucity of data on the contemporary outcomes of hospitalization for aortopathies associated with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). We queried the NIS database (2012-2016) for hospitalizations for elective aortic repair or acute thoracic aortic syndrome (AAS) among those with BAV or trileaflet
Integrating Breast Cancer Risk Management into Primary Care.

It is important that primary care physicians have the ability and resources to identify women eligible for genetic counseling and testing for breast cancer.
Religion as Sword, But Not as Shield: Rectifying the Estrangement of Environmentalism and Religious Liberty

Over the past thirty years, a remarkable but unacknowledged shift has occurred in the relationship between environmentalism and religious liberty. For a brief period in the latter twentieth century, the two fields stood in legal alliance. Relying on pre-1990 case law under which plaintiffs could attain strict scrutiny for incidental burdens on religious practice, litigants once enjoyed occasional success in enjoining governmental development projects harmful to both the environment and religious free exercise. This Essay terms such religious liberty claims advanced to protect the environment “Track I” claims. In its 1990 decision Employment Division v. Smith, however, the Supreme Court abandoned application of strict scrutiny to incidental burdens upon religious practice. Reacting to the Smith decision, Congress passed statutes intended to overrule Smith’s holding and to restore strict scrutiny for incidental burdens. Yet a paradoxical result ensued. Plaintiffs began to invoke religious liberty to gain religious exemptions from generally applicable environmental law. This Essay terms such claims advanced to gain exemptions from environmental protection laws “Track II” claims. Despite the resurgence of Track II claims, Track I claims have remained non-viable. The consequence has been the systematic use of religious liberty to evade environmental regulations, with no countervailing use to secure protections for the environment. This Essay documents the historical reasons behind that shift and proposes solutions to rectify the present disparity between Track I and Track II claims. If religion is to be a sword that can harm the environment, religion should also be a shield that can protect it, or else should exit the battlefield altogether.
Counting Substructures with Higher-Order Graph Neural Networks: Possibility and Impossibility Results.

While massage passing based Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become increasingly popular architectures for learning with graphs, recent works have revealed important shortcomings in their expressive power. In response, several higher-order GNNs have been proposed, which substantially increase the expressive power, but at a large computational cost. Motivated by this gap, we introduce and analyze a new recursive pooling technique of local neighborhoods that allows different tradeoffs of computational cost and expressive power. First, we show that this model can count subgraphs of size $k$, and thereby overcomes a known limitation of low-order GNNs. Second, we prove that, in several cases, the proposed algorithm can greatly reduce computational complexity compared to the existing higher-order $k$-GNN and Local Relational Pooling (LRP) networks. We also provide a (near) matching information-theoretic lower bound for graph representations that can provably count subgraphs, and discuss time complexity lower bounds as well.
The Behavior of Nontradable-Goods Prices In Europe: Evidence and Interpretation*

This paper examines the evolution of the relative price between tradable and nontradable goods in a group of European countries. A model of an open economy is used to analyze different factors that can account for an increase in the relative price of nontradable goods. These factors are (a) faster technological progress in the tradable goods sector, (b) demand shifts toward nontradable goods, and (c) real wage pressures. the relevance of these factors is analyzed empirically for France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
78. Case Series: PID in Never Sexually Active Girls with Vaginal Voiding

Background Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory disease of the upper reproductive tract primarily seen in sexually active women and often associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI). Studies demonstrate PID occurs in never sexually active girls with concomitant gastrointestinal infections or anatomical genitourinary abnormalities. We present two cases of PID attributable to vaginal voiding in never sexually active girls. Case Patient A was an 11 year old girl who presented to an outside hospital with a four day history of fever and right lower quadrant pain. Her medical history was significant for obesity and constipation. Physical exam demonstrated fever, tachycardia and diffuse abdominal tenderness with peritoneal signs. CT demonstrated a pelvic abscess. She was transferred to our facility and evaluated by Pediatric Surgery. She underwent pelvic exam under anesthesia which demonstrated purulence and diagnostic laparoscopy with drainage of a right tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Gynecology was consulted postoperatively. There was no disclosure of sexual abuse, and STI screening was negative. Further discussion revealed a long history of dysfunctional voiding and urine leakage. Patient B was a 9 year old girl who presented as a transfer to our pediatric hospital with fever, left lower quadrant abdominal pain and imaging findings consistent with left pyosalpinx. Gynecology was consulted. Her history was significant for obesity, constipation, malodorous urine and urinary incontinence. STI screening was negative, and she made no disclosure of sexual abuse. Physical exam revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness as well as urine trapping in the vagina. Comments PID and TOA have been demonstrated to occur in never sexually active patients. Evaluation of these patients should include a thorough social history to rule out the possibility of undisclosed sexual abuse and STI screening. Once a sexual mode of transmission is safely ruled out, clinicians must consider other infection risk factors. We present two patients with a history of dysfunctional voiding resulting in trapping of urine in the vagina. We hypothesize that urine trapping led to an ascending pelvic infection. It is important to recognize dysfunctional voiding as a risk factor for pelvic infection so patients may receive appropriate treatment as well as provide a better understanding of their diagnosis. Counseling regarding healthy bladder habits, voiding techniques for prevention of urine trapping and consultation with Urology and pelvic floor Physical Therapy when appropriate are important interventions to prevent recurrence. Treatment of this underlying condition can not only help reduce future risk of ascending infection but improve quality of life.