cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization and reduction of stochastic and periodic anomalies in a hyperspectral imaging sensor system

HYDICE, the HYperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment, is an airborne hyperspectral imaging sensor operating in a pushbroom mode. HYDICE collects data simultaneously in 210 wavelength bands from 0.4 to 2.5 micrometers using a prism as the dispersing element. While the overall quality of HYDICE data is excellent, certain data stream anomalies have been identified, among which are a periodic offset in DN level related to the operation of the system cryocooler and a quasi-random variation in the spectral alignment between the dispersed image and the focal plane. In this paper we report on an investigation into the above two effects and the development of algorithms and software to correct or minimize their impact in a production data processing system. We find the periodic variation to have unexpected time and band-dependent characteristics which argues against the possibility of correction in post- processing, but to be relatively insensitive to signal and consequently of low impact on the operation of the system. We investigate spectral jitter through an algorithm which performs a least squares fit to several atmospheric spectral features to characterize both the time-dependent jitter motion and systematic spectral mis-registration. This method is also implemented to correct the anomalies in the production data stream. A comprehensive set of hyperspectral sensor calibration and correction algorithm is also presented.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CMB anisotropies: Total angular momentum method

of the Boltzmann equations brings out the geometric and model-independent aspects of temperature and polarization anisotropy formation. Large angle scalar polarization provides a robust means to distinguish between isocurvature and adiabatic models for structure formation in principle. Vector modes have the unique property that the CMB polarization is dominated by magnetic-type parity at small angles ~a factor of 6 in power compared with 0 for the scalars and 8/13 for the tensors! and hence potentially distinguishable independent of the model for the seed. The tensor modes produce a different sign from the scalars and vectors for the temperature-polarization correlations at large angles. We explore conditions under which one perturbation type may dominate over the others including a detailed treatment of the photon-baryon fluid before recombination. @S0556-2821~97!00614-0#
Ideology, Moral Cosmology, and Community in the United States

We propose an ideological/cosmological model to complement the three answers that have been offered to the Community Question: contentions that community is now lost, saved, or liberated. We hypothesize that the U.S. education system inculcates an individualistic ideology that disposes highly educated people to a weaker sense of community. We also hypothesize that the theologically modernist moral cosmology is inherently individualistic relative to the religiously orthodox cosmology and inclines those holding it to feel less of a sense of community. Through analyses of national survey data on people's feelings of community from their town or city, neighbors, friends, place of worship, co-workers or fellow students, ethnic group members, and people met on the web, we find strong confirmation for both hypotheses. Education and moral cosmology are each more consistent predictors of people's sense of community across a range of communities than most of the variables in the conventional answers to the Community Question.
Astrocytic Regulation of Human Monocytic/Microglial Activation

Recent reports have described reduced immunological responsiveness and stimulatory capacity among monocytes/microglia that infiltrate malignant human gliomas. Herein, we demonstrate that culture of ex vivo human monocytes or primary human microglia with tumor cells isolated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) specimens renders them tolerogenic, capable of suppressing the function of ex vivo monocytes in the absence of tumor cells or their soluble factors. We demonstrate that the tolerance induced in monocytes/microglia by GBM tumor cells is not associated with interference with the signaling cascade associated with TLR- or CD40-induced monocyte activation. Rather, these tumor cells appear to up-regulate pathways that antagonize positive signaling pathways, including but not limited to STAT3 and STAT5. Finally, we demonstrate that the tolerogenic properties of GBM tumor cells amplify properties inherent to nontransformed astrocytes. Future studies that identify all of the molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes and malignant gliomas suppress monocyte/microglial function will have dual therapeutic benefits: suppressing these pathways may benefit patients with astrocytic tumors, while enhancing them may benefit patients with autoimmune processes within the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis.
Indium: Organometallic Chemistry

An overview of the chemistry of organoindium compounds containing at least one InC bond over the last ten years is reported in detail. In particular, the synthesis, characterization, properties of homoleptic and heteroleptic organoindium derivatives, organoindium(0), (I), and (II) compounds, and in addition anionic compounds are also reported. Furthermore, the use of organoindium compounds for thin film, nanotechnology, and organic synthesis is discussed. Keywords: organoindium; hydrides; pnictogens; chalcogenides; halides; main group; transition metal complexes; In(II); In(I); anions; III-V
A Dynamical Systems Approach to Failure Prognosis

In this paper, a previously published damage tracking method is extended to provide failure prognosis, and applied experimentally to an electromechanical system with a failing supply battery. The method is based on a dynamical systems approach to the problem of damage evolution. In this approach, damage processes are viewed as occurring in a hierarchical dynamical system consisting of a “fast”, directly observable subsystem coupled to a “slow”, hidden subsystem describing damage evolution. Damage tracking is achieved using a two-time-scale modeling strategy based on phase space reconstruction. Using the reconstructed phase space of the reference (undamaged) system, short-time predictive models are constructed. Fast-time data from later stages of damage evolution of a given system are collected and used to estimate
Early Cenozoic topography, morphology, and tectonics of the northern Sierra Nevada and western Basin and Range

Debate surrounds the origin, uplift, and evolution of the northern Sierra Nevada and western Basin and Range. The studies presented here integrate different scales of observation, from local paleovalley morphology, estimation of local slopes, and braided stream alluvial architecture, to regional assessments of sediment and volcanic provenance and paleoelevations across the proposed ancestral Sierra Nevada–Nevadaplano to gain a better understanding of early Cenozoic topography, morphology, and landscape evolution of the region, and to assess the possible tectonic and climatic drivers for that evolution. Results from sedimentologic analysis of Eocene fluvial deposits show diachronous, localized paleovalley incision and braided stream aggradation in a system influenced by Eocene climate, eustasy, and Laramide tectonism, and suggest that previous estimates of the timing and amount of range uplift based on paleochannel gradients may be invalid. Overlying Oligocene ignimbrites deposited in the Sierra Nevada were geochemically and geochronologically correlated to sources in central Nevada, and results from this work show that ignimbrites traveled over 200 km from their source calderas across what is now the crest of the Sierra Nevada, and that in the Oligocene, no drainage divide existed between Nevada source calderas and sample locations 200 km west. Hydrated volcanic glass from these units was used as a proxy for the isotopic composition (δD) of Oligocene meteoric water, which reflects the effect of ancient topography on precipitation. δD decreases from west to east across the Sierra Nevada by ∼48‰, which is similar to the isotopic gradient of precipitation over the area today. δD across Nevada decreases at a significantly lower gradient, reflecting a significant reduction in the rate of increase of paleoelevation with distance, and may reflect a gradual increase in mean elevation from west to east or partially closed system hydrology. This multidisciplinary approach provides both a detailed reconstruction of the evolution of the ancestral Sierra Nevada drainage system from Eocene to Oligocene time and multiple lines of evidence to support the conclusion that the northern Sierra Nevada likely acted as the steep western flank of a gradually sloping high-elevation plateau (“Nevadaplano”) in the Oligocene. Miocene to Holocene extension lowered elevations across what is now the Basin and Range, possibly associated with gravitational spreading of overthickened, magmatically and radiogenically heated crust.
Geographic distribution, habitat association, and host quality for one of the most geographically restricted butterflies in North America: Thorne's hairstreak (Mitoura thornei)

Mitoura thornei, Thorne's hairstreak butterfly, is endemic to a single mountain in southwestern North America. The small geographic range of this species coupled with threats to its host plant, Hesperocyparis forbesii, motivated a study of habitat association and mapping of both butterfly and host distributions. Specifically, the following questions were posed. How much of the range of the host plant is occupied by M. thornei? What biotic and abi- otic features are associated with the presence and abundance of M. thornei? And, how does tree age affect larval performance? These questions were addressed with a combination of field observations and experiments. 2. Hesperocyparis forbesii size and density were found to be the most important factors associated with the presence and absence of M. thornei at the scale of individual sampling plots, whereas H. forbesii density was found to be the most important factor at the scale of host plant stands. Experiments with larvae showed no effect of tree age on survival, but did show a reduction in larval performance for individuals reared on foliage from the oldest trees. 3. From a conservation perspective, our most important result is the widespread occurrence of M. thornei throughout the study area. Ecologically, the distribution of M. thornei points towards much that has yet to be learned about the use of space in a small, locally rare insect. In general, our results illustrate the challenges of understanding habitat association for a geographi- cally restricted species, and the utility of studying different life history stages, both in the field and in the laboratory.
Prevalence of esophagitis in patients with pH-documented laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Objective: To report the prevalence of esophagitis in patients with pH-documented laryngopharyngeal reflux. Study Design: Prospective study of 58 consecutive patients with documented laryngopharyngeal reflux, all of whom underwent transnasal esophagoscopy as part of their reflux evaluations. Methods: All patients with a diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux confirmed by abnormal pharyngeal pH monitoring over a 5-month period were included, and all subjects completed a self-administered reflux symptom index and underwent transnasal esophagoscopy with directed biopsy. Results: Of the 58 study patients with pH-documented laryngopharyngeal reflux, the mean age was 49 years (± 13 y), and 53% (31 of 58) were women. Of the study group, 40% (23 of 58) had heartburn and 48% (28 of 58) had abnormal esophageal reflux (by pH monitoring criteria); by transnasal esophagoscopy with biopsy, 12% (7 of 58) had esophagitis and another 7% (4 of 58) had Barrett's metaplasia. Thus, 60% of the study cohort had no heartburn, and 81% (47 of 58) had normal esophageal epithelium (i.e., no esophagitis or Barrett's metaplasia). Conclusions: In the present series of patients with documented laryngopharyngeal reflux the prevalence of esophagitis and Barrett's metaplasia was only 19%. These data confirm the clinical impression that the patterns, mechanisms, and manifestations of laryngopharyngeal reflux differ from those of classic gastroesophageal reflux disease. Unlike gastroesophageal reflux disease, patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux uncommonly have esophagitis. Thus, although esophagoscopy may be an excellent method for screening the esophagus, it is not the method of choice for diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Analysis of positioning uncertainty in simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)

This paper studies the time evolution of the covariance of the position estimates in single-robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). A closed-form expression is derived, that establishes a functional relation between the noise parameters of the robot's proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors, the number of features being mapped, and the attainable accuracy of SLAM. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how prior information about the spatial density of landmarks can be utilized in order to compute a tight upper bound on the expected covariance of the positioning errors. The derived closed-form expressions enable the prediction of SLAM positioning performance, without resorting to extensive simulations, and thus offer an analytical tool for determining the sensor characteristics required to achieve a desired degree of accuracy. Simulation experiments are conducted, that corroborate the presented theoretical analysis.
Lumbreras and Peruvian Prehistory: A Retrospective View from Junin

Research in Peru’s Mantaro Valley is featured in the earliest published work of archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. The developing elucidation of the archaeology of the Jauja-Huancayo area is employed in this paper as a way of tracing some of the origins of the major intellectual facets that later characterized Lumbreras’ contributions to Andean research. To set the stage for this appreciation, we need to understand the state of knowledge of the area when Lumbreras began his work there in 1956. As a subset of this background, the work of Federico Galvez Durand is reviewed, because it provided a significant early resource base upon which, I argue, Lumbreras began to develop some of his subsequent intellectual interests. Following this, the argument turns to the specific themes that Lumbreras began developing, whose roots we can first detect emerging from his Mantaro Valley work, and focuses more intensely on the first decade or so of Lumbreras’ intellectual contributions, as appreciated from the perspective of Junin.
Suburbs in transition: new approaches to suburban history

The history of suburbs has received so much scholarly attention in recent decades that it is time to take stock of what has been established, in order to discern aspects of suburbs that are still unknown. To date, the main lines of inquiry have been dedicated to the origins, growth, diverse typologies, culture and politics of suburbs, as well as to newer topics such as the gendered nature of suburban space. The vast majority of these studies have been about particular times and places. The authors propose a new perspective on the study of suburbs, one which will begin to investigate the transformations of suburbs after they have been established. Taking the entire era from the mid-nineteenth century through to the late twentieth century as a whole, it is argued that suburbs should be subjected to a longitudinal analysis, examining their development in the context of metropolises that usually enveloped them within a generation or two of their founding. It is proposed that investigation of these ‘transitions’ should be undertaken in parallel with the changes that occur in the life-cycles of their residents. It is suggested that an exploration of the interaction of these factors will open a broad new research agenda for suburban history as a subfield of urban history.
Student Evaluations of Teaching: Dental and Dental Hygiene Students’ and Faculty Members’ Perspectives

The aim of this study was to explore dental and dental hygiene students' and faculty members' perceptions of student evaluations of teaching (SET) and determine whether dental vs. dental hygiene student, beginning vs. advanced student, and faculty vs. student responses differed. Perceived benefits, challenges, and suggestions for conducting SETs optimally were also assessed. Survey data were collected from 329 dental students (D1: 108; D2: 91; D3&4: 130) and 68 dental hygiene students (DH2: 26; DH3: 19; DH4: 23) (overall response rates 76%/92%) and 56 dental and eight dental hygiene faculty members (response rates 41%/100%). Faculty respondents were more positive about SETs than students (five-point scale with 1=disagree: 3.85 vs. 3.39; p<0.001), with seniors being the least positive (mean 2.42). Respondents agreed that all students should complete SETs (3.87 vs. 3.61; p=0.068), with faculty agreeing more strongly than students that all courses should be evaluated (4.32/4.04; p=0.046). Students agreed more strongly than faculty that SETs should occur during regular class time (3.97/3.44; p<0.001) and are too long (3.47/3.09; p=0.010) and that results should be shared with students (4.03/3.57; p=0.002). Open-ended responses showed that students perceived more benefits of SETs for faculty members than for students and that the most frequently mentioned problem was that SETs do not result in changes. Faculty members were generally more positive than students (especially seniors) about SETs. These findings suggest that, according to these respondents, SETs should be completed by all students for all courses, be short, provide opportunities for open-ended comments, and be administered in class to improve response rate. In addition, SET results and how SETs are used to improve courses should be shared with students.
A simple method for the quantitation of submicrogram amounts of bacterial endotoxin.

SummaryThe antimetabolite, actinomycin D, is capable of enhancing the lethality of bacterial endotoxin in CFW mice over 100,000-fold. This procedure appears to offer a simple, reproducible, and highly sensitive test for the detection and quantitation of submicrogram amounts of bacterial endotoxin. The lethality in CFW mice of tetanus and diphtheria exotoxins was not similarly augmented by the antimetabolite. The procedure was capable of detecting small quantities of circulating endotoxin in rabbit blood 60 min after injection of 1 mg of S. typhosa endotoxin. Some characteristics and possible applications of this test are discussed.
Did the Hippocratic physician treat hopeless cases

The question of whether the Hippocratic physician treated hopeless cases is discussed, and the pertinent passages of the Corpus Hippocraticum dealing with the matter are reviewed. Only one passage (Diseases I, IV) unequivocally advocates treatment when the disease is fatal; all the others, in which hopeless cases are considered, indicate that the physician should not treat or should not treat if possible. The author underlines that, in ancient medicine, the non-treatment of hopeless cases was common and refers to pertinent passages in the Sushruta Samhita, the Caraka Samhita, and the Smith Papyrus. The conclusion is that the Hippocratic physician did not treat hopeless cases, and that such an approach was not only consonant with the paradigms of ancient medicine but of contemporary medicine as well. The contemporary attitude toward the treatment of hopeless cases and the concept of "supportive treatment" and "palliative therapy" is discussed.
Abstract IA19: Genome-epigenome interplay in medulloblastoma

The recent application of genomics to large series of primary human medulloblastomas has dramatically improved our perspective of the genes, pathways, and molecular processes underpinning this highly malignant pediatric brain tumor. Transcriptionally defined molecular subgroups have emerged, changing the fundamental definition of medulloblastoma from a single histologically recognized entity, to four distinct subtypes: WNT, SHH, Group3, and Group4. These subgroups exhibit highly discriminatory genomic landscapes, patient demographics, and clinical phenotypes. Next-generation sequencing has identified and implicated recurrently altered somatic drivers, many of which are affected in a subgroup-restricted manner. In contrast, somatic variants affecting chromatin-modifying genes, including histone writers, erasers, and readers are prevalent in medulloblastoma and occur across subgroups, suggesting that deregulation of the epigenome is an essential step during medulloblastoma development. Integrative omics-based strategies have begun to dissect the fascinating genome-epigenome interplay underlying medulloblastoma, revealing previously undisclosed oncogenic mechanisms and drivers of disease. Furthermore, new insights into the biology and putative origins of the poorly understood Group3 and Group4 medulloblastomas have likewise been revealed. This talk will summarize these recent discoveries afforded through genomics and discuss their potential implications, both in the lab and in the clinic, going forward. Citation Format: Paul Northcott. Genome-epigenome interplay in medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Overfishing: Economic Policies in Finite Resource Biological Pools

Common-property fishing is a classic example of the tragedy of the commons. Driven by competition, rational fishermen are forced to overfish to maintain marketplace viability. This shortsighted strategy will lead to the depletion of the common resource pool, and ultimately the destruction of the local fishing industry. In this paper, we present a dynamic differential system of a finite-resource fishing pool to model choices faced by average fishermen. We show that the situation mirrors a Prisonor’s Dilemma on the shortand long-terms, where overfishing is always the dominant Nash equilibrium strategy. Additionally, we use the model to analyze a multitude of policy measures to address the problem, and qualify their impact depending on how governments approach burden distribution.
Experiences and Psychosocial Impact of West Africa Ebola Deployment on US Health Care Volunteers.

Background This qualitative study was designed to assess health care volunteers' experiences and psychosocial impacts associated with deployment to the West Africa Ebola epidemic. Methods In 2015, using snowball sampling, 16 US health care volunteers who had recently returned from West Africa were recruited for this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information associated with each phase of deployment (pre, peri, and post). Results Participants reported that they were motivated to volunteer because of a sense of responsibility and feelings of empathy and altruism. Immediately prior to deployment, most reported fear of contagion and death, as well as doubts regarding the adequacy of their training. Family members and close friends expressed high levels of concern regarding participants' decisions to volunteer. During the deployment, participants were fearful of exposure and reported feeling emotionally and physically exhausted. They also reported feeling frustrated by extreme resource limitations, poor management of the mission, lack of clearly defined roles and responsibilities, and inability to provide high quality care. Upon return home, participants felt a sense of isolation, depression, stigmatization, interpersonal difficulties, and extreme stress. Conclusion Preparedness of volunteers was suboptimal at each stage of deployment. All stakeholders, including volunteers, sponsoring organizations, government agencies, and professional organizations have a shared responsibility in ensuring that volunteers to medical missions are adequately prepared. This is especially critical for high risk deployments. Effective policies and practices need to be developed and implemented in order to protect the health and well-being of health care volunteers to the fullest extent possible.
Flying Home: Aestheticizing and Americanizing Experiences of Exile and Migration in the Second World War as Fairy Tales of Return and Restoration

Despite the general reluctance of American publishers to feature war-related stories in children’s books, two books, Wings for Per (1944) by the d’Aulaires and Wheel on the Chimney (1954) by Margaret Wise Brown and illustrated by Tibor Gergely, are statements about wartime conditions in Europe made palatable by their reconfiguration into a well-established fairy tale structure—that of “home-away-home”—which effectively guaranteed a happy resolution. Both books were conceived as stories of the trauma of dislocation and forced migration in Europe at the hands of the Nazis, but, in the process of rendering the tales suitable for American children, were reshaped into familiar fairy tale tropes, reaffirming the stability of the family and reinforcing the American nationalist assertion that the Second World War was a “just war.”
The Continuing Dialogue of Federalism

Living today is part of doing historical research. Defining tradition and understanding history are vital parts of the interpretative enterprise. Federalism is a dialogical process, but it has normative content. It is not a puzzle to be solved, but rather a project to be continued. The power to steer the federal system has limits. In constitutional law, the ultimate question is always, at some level, the question of who decides. Allocating power was the task of the Constitutional Convention. If there was a central political belief in the Constitutional Convention, as well as in the ratification process, it was the distrust of power and the belief that its remedy was dispersal of power. Structure is the central pillar of protection. In answering the question of who decides to limit the power of states, there is a tendency to move quickly to the judiciary without recalling the powerful protections of structure. It is difficult to defend simultaneously the judicial role of finding that certain rights are essential to ordered liberty, or fundamental, or suspect, and at the same time maintain that locating core state interests is too open-ended for judicial decision making. Greater reliance on structure and process will not leave the courts on the sidelines, although it may force the courts into more of a role as referee than quarterback. But our federalism needs its referees. Courts participating in a federal dialogue need to remember that sometimes keeping the game going means letting someone else call the plays.
Synchronous generator stabilization by thyristor controlled supercapacitor energy storage system

A thyristor-controlled supercapacitor energy storage (SES) system is proposed in this work to improve the transient stability of a synchronous generator located in a power network. To check how effective the proposed SES in augmenting the transient stability of the generator is, its performance is compared to that of a thyristor-controlled superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) system. Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults are considered in the power network. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method in enhancing the transient stability of the synchronous generator. Moreover, the performance of proposed SES is found to be better than that of SMES. Overall, it can be inferred that the proposed thyristor-controlled SES technique provides a simple and effective means of transient stability improvement of synchronous generator.
Affect Intensity Moderates the Association of Emotional Clarity with Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms in Unselected and Treatment-Seeking Samples

Depression is associated with subjective difficulties identifying one’s emotions, known as low emotional clarity, but the mediators and moderators of this relationship are not well understood. We hypothesized that the role of emotional clarity in emotion regulation and, in turn, depression depends on individual differences in negative affect intensity. In Study 1, conducted in an unselected sample (N = 119), low emotional clarity more strongly predicted depression symptoms among individuals higher in affect intensity. In Study 2, conducted in a clinically diagnosed, treatment-seeking sample (N = 245), we examined whether affect intensity moderated an indirect path of clarity through emotion regulation strategy use that has emerged in previous work. Except when affect intensity was very low, emotional clarity predicted reappraisal, and except when affect intensity was very high, emotional clarity predicted non-acceptance and experiential avoidance. By contrast, rumination mediated associations of emotional clarity with depressive symptoms regardless of affect intensity. Findings support a process model of low emotional clarity in depression that integrates (1) emotion regulatory mediators and (2) moderation by negative affect intensity. Trait differences in affect intensity may determine whether and how emotional clarity and regulation processes factor into mood psychopathology.
Outcomes of Infantile-Onset Glaucoma Associated With Port Wine Birthmarks and Other Periocular Cutaneous Vascular Malformation.

Purpose The incidence of infantile-onset secondary glaucoma associated with periocular cutaneous vascular malformations is high and the outcomes of these glaucomatous eyes have anecdotally been poor. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomic and visual outcomes of affected eyes. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Consecutive patients with early-onset (younger than 36 months of age) glaucoma associated with cutaneous vascular malformations from 1995‒2015 were included. Results Seventeen eyes of 13 patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SW, n = 10), Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTW, n = 1), cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC, n = 1), and phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV, n = 1) were included. Three SW and 1 KTW patient had bilateral glaucoma. At presentation, mean age was 6.5 ± 9.1 months and mean intraocular pressure was 27.2 ± 6.13 mm Hg. The average number of surgical procedures per eye increased from 1.0 ± 0.5 (range, 0‒2) at less than 5 years' follow-up (9 eyes) to 3.5 ± 2.3 (range, 1‒7) with at least 5 years' follow-up (8 eyes). Visual acuity was better than or equal to 20/70 in 2 of 6 eyes (33%) with less than 5 years' follow-up and in 3 of 7 eyes (43%) with at least 5 years' follow-up. Additionally, a higher number of baseline risk factors correlated with poorer visual outcome. Conclusions After a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, visual outcome in infantile-onset secondary glaucoma associated with cutaneous periocular vascular malformation is guarded. Increased numbers of baseline risk factors and procedures are associated with poorer vision.
Antiferromagnetic order in CaK(Fe1-xNix)(4)As-4 and its interplay with superconductivity

The magnetic order in CaK(Fe[1-x]Ni[x])4As4 (1144) single crystals (x = 0.051 and 0.033) has been studied by neutron diffraction. We observe magnetic Bragg peaks associated to the same propagation vectors as found for the collinear stripe antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in the related BaFe2As2 (122) compound. The AFM state in 1144 preserves tetragonal symmetry and only a commensurate, non-collinear structure with a hedgehog spin-vortex crystal (SVC) arrangement in the Fe plane and simple AFM stacking along the c direction is consistent with our observations. The SVC order is promoted by the reduced symmetry in the FeAs layer in the 1144 structure. The long-range SVC order coexists with superconductivity, however, similar to the doped 122 compounds, the ordered magnetic moment is gradually suppressed with the developing superconducting order parameter. This supports the notion that both collinear and non-collinear magnetism and superconductivity are competing for the same electrons coupled by Fermi surface nesting in iron arsenide superconductors.
Resources and Lineage: Meredith’s “Modern Love”

George Meredith used a lyric sequence to track the breakdown of a marriage along three key dimensions, each of which became crucial to the marriage sequence going forward: the shapes that time assumes within a marriage; the construction of identity through complex interactions between thought and speech, soliloquy, and conversation; and the involvement of third parties whose presence “triangulates” the marital dialogue. “Modern Love” was precedent-setting on all three dimensions: by taking a longer view of each in turn, this chapter establishes the self-conscious modernity of Meredith’s sequence.
Bayesian Influence and Frequentist Interface

Under the Bayesian paradigm to statistical inference the posterior probability distribution contains in principle all relevant information. All statistical inference can be deduced from the posterior distribution by reporting appropriate summaries. This coherent nature of Bayesian inference can give rise to problems when the implied posterior summaries are unduly sensitive to some detail choices of the model. This chapter discusses summaries and diagnostics that highlight such sensitivity and ways to choose a prior probability model to match some desired (frequentist) summaries of the implied posterior inference.
Telomeres and Senescence: Ending the Debate

DNA, the genetic material, is arranged in chromosomes, linear structures in the nucleus capped with a long series of repeated sequences called telomeres. As de Lange describes in her commentary, in 1986 the telomere theory of senescence was put forward, in which progressive loss of bits of the telomere with each cell division serves as a sort of clock, with the cell reaching the end of its life as it runs out of telomere. The corollary--that tumor cells can maintain their telomeres at a "young" length and so escape death--suggested an attractive site for cancer therapeutics. But the theory had come under fire since its introduction and had fallen out of favor with much of the scientific community. Now in a research article in this issue, the telomeric theory of aging is dramatically resuscitated. [ Bodnar et al ][1]. transfect adult differentiated human cells with a critical subunit of telomerase and rescue them from senescent death. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/279/5349/349
Efficient JPEG2000 image transmission using RCPT codes based on channel operating regions

The latest wavelet-based image compression standard, JPEG2000, provides five different progressive modes. Due to the embedded structure used in the codestream syntax, the received bits after transmitting over noisy channels exhibit severe error sensitivity and experience error propagation. In this paper, we propose an efficient JPEG2000 transmission system with separate design methods for image header and data packets. First, two hybrid FEC/ARQ schemes operating over an AWGN channel to realize near error-free transmission of the image header are studied. Second, compressed data packets for different quality layers are protected using an unequal error protection (UEP) method. A set of rate compatible punctured turbo codes (RCPT) is used for forward error correction. In addition to the rate-distortion based rate allocation models, a practical channel segmentation method, which avoids the complicated optimization computation, is presented for code rate selection based on channel operating regions. Using simulation methods, it has been found that the choice of code rates is best guided by segmentation of the SNR into operating regions of the AWGN channel. Experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms systems using equal error protection (EEP) up to 9 dB while significantly reducing the computation complexity compared to other UEP systems. One major contribution of the system developed in this paper is the separate treatments of the compressed data in the JPEG2000 codestream. Another contribution is that of a rate selection method for practical channel codes. The resulting system design approach yields improved overall image transmission quality with minimal bandwidth expansion.
Comparative Studies of Tornado-Like Vortices

The dynamics of tornado-like vortices has been a topic of considerable interest in recent years. Both experimental (Ward, 1972; Church et al., 1979) and numerical (Harlow and Stein, 1974; Rotunno, 1977, 1979) modeling efforts have been employed to study these complex rotating flows in a controlled environment. The objective of this current investigation is to develop a three-dimensional numerical model of the Purdue Tornado Vortex Simulator (PTVS) in order to perform comChapautive studies between tornado-like vortices produced in the experimental chamber and those simulated mathematically. In particular, the intent is to examine velocity and non-hydrostatic pressure distributions in both the numerical and laboratory vortices in order to acquire a greater understanding of the dynamics of tornado-like vortices. Such comChapautive studies can be very beneficial when applying this knowledge toward understanding the flow of the atmospheric counterpart — the tornado.
Regulation of E-Cigarettes in the United States and Its Role in a Youth Epidemic

During the first decade of federal regulation of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), the e-cigarette industry has rapidly grown. Recently, the U.S. Surgeon General and Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration each declared the rapid rise in rates of youth using these products to be an “epidemic.” While a foundational basis for regulating ENDS has been in effect since 2016, deferred enforcement has contributed to acute rise in use by youth. The Agency has undertaken several initiatives to address the problem and warned manufacturers that if current youth trends continue, it will be “game over.”
Making sense of madness: What is really driving the disparities in lung cancer in Kentucky?

e17588 Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. Kentucky (KY) has the highest lung cancer mortality rate in the U.S. Several factors are believed to contribute to th...
Towards Making The Invisible Engineer Visible: A Review of Low-Socioeconomic Students’ Barriers Experiencing College STEM Education

This full research paper focuses on a systematized review of the literature on low-socioeconomic students in engineering. Increasing the diversity of engineering cannot be addressed without acknowledging the necessity for equity across socioeconomic groups. An important step to developing equitable pathways that allow low-socioeconomic students to engage in engineering education is by identifying barriers to participation. Because little is known about the “invisible” population of engineering, a literature review regarding low-socioeconomic students’ participation in the larger STEM education context provides an opportunity to begin making the population visible. This work identifies barriers that may make participating in engineering difficult and provides suggestions for researchers and practitioners to work to remove them.
All Power to the Peers: Black Women Graduate Students' Peer Relationship Typologies in PWIs.

This phenomenological study highlights the types of peer relationships 15 Black women graduate students experienced while attending urban predominantly White institutions (PWIs). Three types of pee...
Ethics Education in Teacher Preparation: A Case for Stakeholder Responsibility.

Few would argue against the importance of ethics in early childhood teacher preparation and practice. However, arguing for something in principle does not always lead to action. The purpose of this...
Multi-perspective scenario-based preferences in enterprise risk analysis of public safety wireless broadband network

Abstract Early in the lifecycle of a large-scale system, there are a variety of sources of enterprise risk to be identified and addressed as well as opportunity to improve enterprise resilience at a variety of geographic and temporal scales. This paper identifies the emergent and future conditions that most and least matter to enterprise risk management, demonstrating a risk analysis model that is grounded in latest theory of multi-perspective scenario-based preferences analysis. The effort extends theory and practice by suggesting a semi-quantitative method for iteration and applying a multi-perspective approach that tests the method in the new circumstances of an advanced communication system. It demonstrates how scenarios relatively influence the prioritization of initiatives for each key stakeholder and how to update the assessment for the monitoring of risk over months and years of the deployment. The approach is demonstrated for the deployment of a public safety wireless broadband network throughout the US and should be of interest to practitioners for building resilience in the deployment of complex technological systems.
Turtle Insights into the Evolution of the Reptilian Karyotype and the Genomic Architecture of Sex Determination

Sex chromosome evolution remains an evolutionary puzzle despite its importance in understanding sexual development and genome evolution. The seemingly random distribution of sex-determining systems in reptiles offers a unique opportunity to study sex chromosome evolution not afforded by mammals or birds. These reptilian systems derive from multiple transitions in sex determination, some independent, some convergent, that lead to the birth and death of sex chromosomes in various lineages. Here we focus on turtles, an emerging model group with growing genomic resources. We review karyotypic changes that accompanied the evolution of chromosomal systems of genotypic sex determination (GSD) in chelonians from systems under the control of environmental temperature (TSD). These transitions gave rise to 31 GSD species identified thus far (out of 101 turtles with known sex determination), 27 with a characterized sex chromosome system (13 of those karyotypically). These sex chromosomes are varied in terms of the ancestral autosome they co-opted and thus in their homology, as well as in their size (some are macro-, some are micro-chromosomes), heterogamety (some are XX/XY, some ZZ/ZW), dimorphism (some are virtually homomorphic, some heteromorphic with larger-X, larger W, or smaller-Y), age (the oldest system could be ~195 My old and the youngest < 25 My old). Combined, all data indicate that turtles follow some tenets of classic theoretical models of sex chromosome evolution while countering others. Finally, although the study of dosage compensation and molecular divergence of turtle sex chromosomes has lagged behind research on other aspects of their evolution, this gap is rapidly decreasing with the acceleration of ongoing research and growing genomic resources in this group.
Universal Accessibility in UC Temuco

In present-day societies, people's life expectancy is increasing thanks to medical and technological progress; therefore, the number of disable citizens is also increasing. An accessible design is one that is functionally and aesthetically adapted to its users and their real and personalized needs. Accessible spaces are those that allow everyone, particularly people with limited physical or sensorial capacity, to enjoy all its elements in the appropriate conditions of comfort, safety and autonomy. By incorporating this characteristic into the design of our products, buildings and into everything that surrounds us, we improve the comfort and quality of the articles and services we offer the public without increasing their cost, all thanks to small details that benefit the largest number of people. Each country has its own legislation regarding accessibility. In Chile the first Integration Social Law N°19.284 is due to 1994. One of the biggest difficulties for disable persons to move around cities and buildings is the lack of ramps in public buildings. Although the Supreme Decree 201/98 establishes that all building, public or private, with occupation for more than 50 people should have an access for disabled, although there are many places in this country that today do not validate this requirement. In the year 2010 the Law 20.422 improved the standards regulating the minimal general guidelines based on the accessibility requirements for improving especially bathrooms, hygiene services for public-use buildings and changing rooms. This document presents a local case of study. The Catholic University of Temuco (12.000 students) is located in the south of Chile (Araucania Region). This region is the poorest in the country. Since 2012 the University is part of the University Inclusion Network. Consequently, since then, educational buildings and public spaces have been improving accessibility and are now better prepared for the challenge of welcoming disabled students.
Spatiotemporal wind forecasting by learning a hierarchically sparse inverse covariance matrix using wind directions

Abstract Given the advances in online data acquisition systems, statistical learning models are increasingly used to forecast wind speed. In electricity markets, wind farm production forecasts are needed for the day-ahead, intra-day, and real-time markets. In this work, we use a spatiotemporal model that leverages wind dynamics to forecast wind speed. Using a priori knowledge of the wind direction, we propose a maximum likelihood estimate of the inverse covariance matrix regularized with a hierarchical sparsity-inducing penalty. The resulting inverse covariance estimate not only exhibits the benefits of a sparse estimator, but also enables meaningful sparse structures by considering wind direction. A proximal method is used to solve the underlying optimization problem. The proposed methodology is used to forecast six-hour-ahead wind speeds in 20-minute time intervals for a case study in Texas. We compare our method with a number of other statistical methods. Prediction performance measures and the Diebold–Mariano test show the potential of the proposed method, specifically when reasonably accurate estimates of the wind directions are available.
Sums of k-th powers and the Whittaker–Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms

In this work, we obtain power-saving bounds for shifted convolution sums involving the Whittaker–Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms and $$r_{s, k}(n)$$ , the number of representations of a positive integer n as a sum of $$s\;k$$ -th positive integral powers, based on the recently proved Main Conjecture in Vinogradov’s Mean Value Method.
Stroke in pregnancy.

Abstract Stroke in pregnancy is rare and has a wide range of etiologies and implications on stroke management that differ from nonpregnant individuals. The highest risk of stroke is during the third trimester and puerperium period, where hypertensive disorders of pregnancy occur; however, stroke can occur at any point during pregnancy. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the epidemiology of stroke in pregnancy and then review the specific etiologies of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke as they relate to pregnant women. Finally, we discuss the process of acute stroke evaluation in pregnancy and the management of women after stroke with regard to long-term risk factors, medications, and implications in future pregnancies. Throughout the chapter, we highlight relevant guidelines from the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association and key literature on stroke in pregnancy.