cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor sensitivity to IFN-γ is required for successful antigen-specific immunotherapy of a transplantable mouse tumor model for HPV-transformed tumors

Purpose: Many human tumors lose responsiveness to IFN-γ, providing a possible mechanism for the tumor to avoid immune recognition and destruction. Here we investigate the importance of tumor responsiveness to IFN-γ in the successful immunotherapy of TC1 tumors that were immortalized with human papillomavirus proteins E6 and E7. Methods: To investigate the role of IFN-γ in vivo, we constructed a variant of TC1, TC1.mugR, that is unresponsive to IFN-γ due to overexpression of a dominant negative IFN-γ receptor. Results: Using recombinant Listeria monocytogenes that express HPV-16 E7 (Lm-LLO-E7) to stimulate an antitumor response, we demonstrate that sensitivity to IFN-γ is required for therapeutic efficacy in that Lm-LLO-E7 induces regression of TC1 tumors but not TC1.mugR. In addition, we show that tumor sensitivity to IFN-γ is not required for inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by Lm-LLO-E7 or for trafficking of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to the tumor. However, it is required for penetration of lymphocytes into the tumor mass in vivo. Conclusions: Our findings identify a role for IFN-γ in immunity to TC1 tumors and show that loss of tumor responsiveness to IFN-γ poses a challenge to antigen-based immunotherapy.
Pseudocercospora needle blight, a new disease of Pinus kesiya from India

A new disease of Pinus kesiya caused by Pseudocercospora montantiana sp.nov. is described. The pathogen caused needle blight in a 4-year-old experimental plot at Burnihat, India.
A decomposition approach for an equipment selection and multiple product routing problem incorporating environmental factors

Abstract We address a medium- to long-term planning problem concerned with choosing manufacturing and waste mitigation equipment, and routing products, while accounting for environmental effects such as process waste streams and energy consumption. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer program with an embedded multi-commodity network flow structure. A distinguishing feature of our model is that we allow each machine to be operated in different modes that may affect environmental impacts and costs. Because of this feature, we need a more general type of bundle constraint to model resource capacities. We also require constraints that apply across the network to limit waste generation and energy usage. In network terminology, this is equivalent to allowing bundle constraints to span fairly arbitrary sets of arcs. We develop a new procedure based on Benders' decomposition and column generation to solve the problem. We also present computational experience with this procedure and related insights.
Study Skills Analysis: A Pilot Study Linking a Success and Psychology Course

This study explored a concept that learning study skills in the context of the content area under study may transfer across courses, multiplying the benefits towards academic success. Methods that have been reported to influence academic growth at the community college level include success courses and applied study skills. In this pilot project among community college students, two instructors provided an enriched study skills curriculum by linking a success course with a psychology course. The instructors used techniques and activities geared toward enhancing study skills such as developing metacognitive strategies. The Learning and Study Skills Inventory (LASSI) was used to assess students’ progress. Despite few statistically significant findings, there were several interesting interaction effects. These provide some evidence for the need to emphasize the development of study strategies in existing success courses while also formally or informally tying such courses with a content course.
Transferable risks and the technology of environmental conflict

Abstract Environmental and multimedia interdependencies allow one agent to protect himself by simply transferring risk across space and time to another agent. Transferable risks cause too many resources to be devoted to shifting risk and too few resources devoted to reducing it. Transferable risks also imply that the provision of information about pollution damage prevention, disparities among polluters in their abilities to influence environmental programs, and the formation of coalitions to prevent pollution damages can accentuate these excessive investments in transfer technologies. Failure to account for the interdependencies induced by transferable risk results in unintended consequences from well‐intended environmental policies.
Effect of intravenous lidocaine and ketamine on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in goats

This study evaluated the effects of IV lidocaine (L) and ketamine (K), alone and in combination (LK), on the isoflurane MAC (ISOMAC) in goats. It was hypothesized that L and K would reduce ISOMAC and that the effect of LK would be additive. Eight adult goats (24–51 kg) were used in the study. Each goat was studied on four occasions, at weekly intervals, using a randomized crossover design. Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (ISO) in O2 and goats were intubated and ventilated to normocapnia. End-tidal ISO (ETISO) and CO2 were monitored with a calibrated infrared analyzer. Body temperature was maintained in the normal range using a heating pad. Approximately 45 minutes after intubation, and with the ETISO having been held constant for at least 20 minutes, determination of the baseline MAC (MACB) was initiated. A noxious stimulus, which consisted of clamping a claw between the jaws of a 10-inch Vulsellum forceps, was administered for 60 seconds or until purposeful movement occurred. If purposeful movement occurred, the ETISO was increased by 0.1 vols% otherwise it was decreased by 0.1 vols% and the stimulus was reapplied following a 20 minute equilibration period. Following MACB determination treatments were administered as a loading dose (Ld) in 10 mL 0.9% NaCl over 3 minutes followed by a constant rate infusion to a final volume of 60 mL hour–1 in 0.9% NaCl, as follows: L (Ld 2.5 mg kg–1 + 100 μg kg–1 minutes–1); K (Ld 1.5 mg kg–1 + 50 μg kg–1minutes); LK or 0.9% NaCl. Post-treatment MAC (MACT) determination began 45 minutes after the start of the loading dose. MACB and MACT were determined in triplicate and the mean value was used for data analysis. Difference in percent change in MAC was tested using a mixed-model anova. Means separation among levels of treatment was tested using the Tukey-Kramer method. The mean MACB for all treatments was 1.13 ± 0.03 vols%. L, K and LK reduced (p 0.05) occurred with saline. It was concluded that L and K caused clinically significant decreases in ISOMAC; however, the percent MAC reduction with L was less than expected given the MAC reduction reported with L for other species. The combination (LK) caused a profound decrease in ISOMAC and this effect was additive.
Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy.

Abstract A diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma was made at 32 weeks of gestation in a 26-year-old woman. Of particular interest were the very low levels of urinary estriol. At 36 weeks of gestation she spontaneously ruptured the membranes and delivered a 1.64 kg small-for-gestational-age male infant who was noted to have a minor degree of cleft palate. Post-partum the diagnosis of adrenal adenoma was confirmed, and she underwent unilateral adrenalectomy.
A 25-year single institution analysis of health, practice, and fate of general surgeons.

The surgical training process that extends through completion of medical school plus an established training program and additional specialization is a highly selective, lengthy, and demanding experience that hopefully prepares individual surgeons to enter the surgical community at the highest level. As evidenced by the remarkable lack of information regarding life as a surgeon, it would appear that many in the academic community may not feel compelled or informed enough to advise residents on aspects of personal health, quality of life, divorce rates, alcohol or substance abuse, and so on. Consequentially, the longevity and satisfaction with a career in surgery is defined by these and other postresidency training factors that may include major and minor health issues, preventive health habits, and work- or family-related stress that impact on quality of life. Although academic surgical programs have focused on the development of technically competent and well-rounded surgeons, there is surprisingly little information on career attrition rates and factors that essentially define the life of a surgeon in and outside of medicine.1 Physician health issues may be key determinants in length of surgical careers along with work-related stress as examined by Campbell et al.2 Their report identified over one third of practicing surgeons who were at risk for burnout. Such practice-related stress may be a major contributing factor to individual health status, although the spectrum of medical problems in surgeons over time has not been examined. Furthermore, stress-related practice issues contributing to retirement or burnout might contribute to other impairment problems such as alcohol use and abuse, of which the prevalence for surgeons is unknown.2,3 In reports by Krizek, it was estimated that up to 8% of surgeons have alcohol dependency.3,4 However, reports on physician dependency postresidency are not specific and defined for the surgical community.5 The present study is the first report to our knowledge that examines outcomes including major, minor, and preventive health issues (including exercise trends), alcohol use and dependency, and divorce rates in a direct follow up of surgeons after completion of residency training at a single institution over the last 25 years. The secondary goal of this comprehensive analysis was to gain insight into practice patterns and satisfaction, practice changes, and trends in medical legal issues that determines the level of work-related stress and impacts on personal–professional health.
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with sarcoma-like stroma: A case report and review of the literature

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with sarcoma-like stroma represents an extremely rare histological entity showing the co-existence of both epithelial and mesenchymal features: these tumors, firstly described in the skin by Martin and Stewart in 1935 have been further described in other anatomic sites including oral cavity, larynx, breast, lung and oesophagus. The complexity of the histology, as well as its aggressive clinical behaviour makes the diagnosis and the exploitment of effective therapeutic approaches very difficult, so that no definitive guidelines for treatments are currently available. Here, we describe a case of advanced stage vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with sarcoma-like stroma showing an unfavourable prognosis despite the use of an aggressive multimodal approach. A revision of the currently published cases have been also provided.
Expert systems: An application in flexible manufacturing

Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are needed to provide manufacturing operations with the capability to adjust, in real time, to changes in the manufacturing environment. Realization of the goals of flexible manufacturing is governed by the ability of the FMS to maintain adequate information on the factory to assist in generating scenarios from product planning to operations and performance. This leads to a view where the factory is represented as an integrated information system. To facilitate the analysis of information requirements and the design of information systems for flexible manufacturing, an expert support system (ESS) which can be used to model and study the various structures is described. This ESS uses the information cell model to build these information structures. Petri net representations of these structures and their interactions are then constructed. The ESS may now be used to exercise these models and study their performance using time and cost measures.
meso-Methylporphyrins and -chlorins

Abstract Two efficient synthetic routes to meso-methylporphyrins and -chlorins are described. In the first, meso-formylporphyrins and -chlorins are reduced to the corresponding meso-hydroxymethyl derivatives, and after zinc chelation and treatment with acetic anhydride in pyridine, the resulting meso-acetoxymethylporphyrins are reduced to meso-methyl with sodium borohydride or by catalytic hydrogenation. The second route is more efficient in that copper(II) meso-formylporphyrins and -chlorins can be reduced directly with tetra n-butylammonium borohydride in hot 1,2-dichloroethane to give the copper(II) meso-methyl analog. Using the procedures developed herein, a formal total synthesis of the meso-pheophorbide from Chlorobium chlorophyll “660” band 6 is decribed, and certain photooxidation and electrophilic deuteration problems in the meso-methylchlorin series are clarified.
Characteristics of motor vehicle crashes of drivers with dementia of the Alzheimer type.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference in crash rates and characteristics between drivers with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and nondemented older persons who were controls. DESIGN: A pilot study using a 5-year retrospective analysis of state-recorded crash data and crash characteristics followed by patient enrollment into a study on road test skills. SETTING: Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. Subjects were enrolled as volunteers in a longitudinal study of aging and DAT. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-one subjects (58 nondemented, older drivers and 63 drivers with DAT) with a mean age of 77 years met the inclusion criteria for this study. DAT was diagnosed using validated clinical diagnostic criteria and was staged by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale. All subjects with DAT were in the very mild (CDR = 0.5) or mild (CDR = 1) stages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: State-recorded traffic crashes. Also, a daily driving diary was completed by each subject and used to estimate miles traveled per year. RESULTS: Subjects diagnosed with mild DAT (CDR = 1) reported less roadway exposure (average number of miles driven per year) than did drivers with very mild DAT (CDR = 0.5) or controls. Crashes in both groups were infrequent, with 0.07 state-recorded crashes per driver per year in the nondemented group (CDR = 0), 0.06 in the very mild DAT group (CDR = 0.5), and 0.04 in the mild DAT group (CDR = 1). There was no statistical difference in the crash frequency between groups, even when adjusting for exposure. Drivers with DAT had trends toward more at-fault crashes, crashes with injuries, and crashes in which the officer on the scene cited failure to yield. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, individuals with very mild or mild DAT who continued to drive seemed to have crash rates similar to those of the controls. There may be significant differences between the causes and the consequences of crashes involving drivers with DAT when compared with cognitively intact age-matched controls, but none were found in this pilot study. Further research on crash characteristics is needed in larger samples of community-based drivers with DAT across wider ranges of dementia severity to address issues such as driving competency and public safety. Language: en
Short-term nutritional folate deficiency in rats has a greater effect on choline and acetylcholine metabolism in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain, and this effect escalates with age

The hypothesis of this study is that a folate-deficient diet (FD) has a greater effect on cholinergic system in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain, and that this effect escalates with age. It was tested by comparing choline and acetylcholine levels in male Sprague Dawley rats fed either control or folate-deficient diets for 10 weeks, starting at age 4 weeks (the young group) or 9 months (the adult group). Folate-deficient diet consumption resulted in depletion of plasma folate in both age groups. In young folate-deficient rats, liver and lung choline levels were significantly lower than those in the respective controls. No other significant effects of FD on choline and acetylcholine metabolism were found in young rats. In adult rats, FD consumption markedly decreased choline levels in the liver, kidneys, and heart; furthermore, choline levels in the cortex and striatum were moderately elevated, although hippocampal choline levels were not affected. Acetylcholine levels were higher in the heart, cortex, and striatum but lower in the hippocampus in adult folate-deficient rats, as compared to controls. Higher acetylcholine levels in the striatum in adult folate-deficient rats were also associated with higher dopamine release in the striatal slices. Thus, both age groups showed higher cholinergic metabolic sensitivity to FD in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain. However, compensatory abilities appeared to be better in the young group, implicating the adult group as a preferred model for further investigation of folate-choline-acetylcholine interactions and their role in brain plasticity and cognitive functions.
Single-carrier-type dominated impact ionisation in multilayer structures

A new structure for III-V avalanche photodetectors in which multiplication is dominated by a single-carrier type is proposed. Calculations for a GaAs-AlGaAs detector are reported predicting multiplication dominated by electrons. The reason for this is that electrons are injected into GaAs multiplication layers from high-electric-field AlGaAs layers, while holes are injected into the GaAs layers from low-electric-field AlGaAs layers.
Historical perspective on infrastructure and US economic development

Abstract This essay examines the link between infrastructure investment and US economic development. The work of economic historians has focused on two systems, transportation and sanitation. A review of the disaggregate historical research provides a useful perspective for the aggregate contemporary research. Infrastructure investment produces both direct and indirect effects. Cliometricians' estimates of the direct effects suggest the initial public expenditures were warranted; there is a link between public infrastructure investment and private economic growth. In addition, the historical literature discusses such pivotal indirect effects as industrialization, urbanization, and regulation; effects that are generally neglected in the contemporary literature.
Successful Combined Heart-Bilateral Lung-Kidney Transplantation From a Same Donor to Treat Severe Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension and Renal Failure: Case Report and Review of the Literature

This study describes the first reported case of a combined heart-lung-kidney transplantation. Our patient suffered from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to long-standing hypertension with Dana Point Classification Group 2 pulmonary hypertension from the underlying cardiac disease, along with renal failure necessitating renal replacement therapy. Twenty months after the transplant procedure, she has stable pulmonary and renal function, plus has resumed a normal daily life with improving exercise tolerance. We propose that a combined heart-lung-kidney transplantation may be an acceptable therapeutic option for carefully selected patients with advanced, concomitant cardiac, pulmonary, and kidney disease.
Inverse kinematics of calibrated robots

This article presents a new approach for solving the inverse kinematics of calibrated industrial robots. The presented method solves this type of inverse kinematics problem, which has no analytical (explicit) solution, by iteratively employing Pieper's solution for inverse manipulator kinematics. It provides fast and accurate solutions for virtually all calibrated commercial robots.
MIRC (Michael Initiated Ring Closure) Reactions Formation of Three, Five, Six and Seven Membered Rings

Abstract The term MIRC reaction is defined. Examples of the construction of three, five, six and seven membered rings using alkylthiolates and LDA as nucleophiles are presented.
A simple method for estimating excess mortality due to heat waves, as applied to the 2006 California heat wave

Objectives To characterize excess mortality during a major heat wave in California and its regions; to assess the validity of a simple method.
The influence of facial characteristics on children's age perceptions

To examine the impact of age-related variations in facial characteristics on children's age judgments, two experiments were conducted in which craniofacial shape and facial wrinkling were independently manipulated in stimulus faces as sources of age information. Using a paired-comparisons task, children between the ages of 2 1/2 and 6 were asked to make age category as well as relative age judgments of stimulus faces. Preschool-aged children were able to use variations in craniofacial profile shape, frontal face feature vertical placement, or facial wrinkling to identify the age category of a stimulus person. Children were also able to identify the older, but not the younger, of two faces on the basis of facial wrinkling, a finding consistent with previously demonstrated limitations in young children's use of relative age terms. The results were discussed in the context of research which reveals parallel effects of craniofacial shape and wrinkling on the age judgments of adults.
Multiple granular cell tumor: a case report and review of the literature.

Background Granular cell tumor was first described by Abrikossoff in 1926. It is rare and usually presents as a benign solitary lesion. Multifocal and malignant forms are known to occur. Methods This presentation illustrates an additional case of granular cell tumor. Clinical and histological features to distinguish malignant and benign forms are presented. Results Tumor can develop years after therapy for the primary lesion. Treatment recommendations are presented. Conclusions Patients diagnosed with granular cell tumor require close follow-up. Radiographic evaluation for the presence of metastatic disease is necessary if a malignant variant is suspected. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck19: 634–637, 1997.
Dispersal restlessness: evidence for innate dispersal by juvenile eastern screech-owls?

Abstract Proximate factors responsible for the initiation of natal dispersal are poorly understood. Parental aggression, one possible factor, does not appear to initiate natal dispersal in young eastern screech-owls, Otus asio. Instead, intrinsic or innate factors may influence dispersal, resulting in increased activity near the time of dispersal. To examine the role of endogenous factors, screech-owl nestlings (approximately 15 days of age) were isolated and their activity levels monitored with digital pedometers for 20 weeks. Activity levels of captive owls (N=5) typically increased prior to the time they would have dispersed if not taken into captivity, then decreased following this time. Similarly, activity levels of free-living, radio-tagged juveniles (N=3) increased until shortly after dispersal, then decreased during the postdispersal period. Captive owls gained mass for several weeks following their estimated fledging date, and then, despite ad libitum feeding, either sustained or lost mass around the time when dispersal normally occurs in free-living birds. Captive owls again gained mass during the post-dispersal period. Reduced mass near the time of dispersal may be adaptive in that lighter birds may be more competent in flight and, therefore, more capable of dispersing. The effects of extrinsic factors other than parental aggression are currently unknown, but these results suggest that natal dispersal in eastern screech-owls is influenced by intrinsic factors and appear to support a ‘dispersal restlessness’ model for the initiation of natal dispersal.
Temporal relation between bottom-up versus top-down strategies for gaze prediction

ABSTRACT Much research has been focused on the study of bottom-up, feature-based visual perception, as a means to generate salience maps, and predict the distribution of fixations within images. However, it is plausible that the eventual perception of distinct objects within a 3D scene (and the subsequent top-down effects) would also have a significant effect on the distributions of fixations within that scene. This research is aimed at testing a hypothesis that there exists a switching from feature-based to object-based scanning of im ages, as the viewer gains a higher-level understanding of the image content, and that this switching can be detected by changes in the pattern of eye fixations within the image. An eye tracker is used to monitor the fixations of human participants over time, as they view images, in an effort to answer questions pertaining to (1) the nature of fixations during bottom-up and top-down scene scan scenarios (2) the ability of assessing whether the subject is perceiving the scene content based on low-level visual features or distinct objects, and (3) identification of the participants transition from a bottom-up feature-based perception to a top-down object-based perception. Keywords: Eye-tracking, Bottom-up and Top-down scene scan, Na ture of saccades and fixations, Object content.
Nutrient Subsidies from Iteroparous Fish Migrations Can Enhance Stream Productivity

Migratory animals often transfer nutrients between ecosystems, enhancing productivity in the subsidized system. Most research on nutrient subsidies by migratory fishes has focused on Pacific salmon, whose semelparous life history is unusual among migratory fishes. To test whether iteroparous species can provide ecologically important nutrient inputs to stream ecosystems, we experimentally blocked the migration of suckers (Catostomidae) midway up an oligotrophic tributary of Lake Michigan. Comparing reaches upstream of the barrier to downstream reaches containing thousands of breeding fish, we found that suckers elevated phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations three- to five-fold. Algal accrual was doubled and caddisflies grew 12% larger in subsidized reaches relative to reference reaches. An enclosure experiment demonstrated that caddisflies with access to a fish carcass rapidly became enriched in 15N and 13C, and experimental carcass additions were rapidly colonized by high densities of caddisflies. However, under natural conditions below the experimental barrier, caddisflies became enriched in 15N but not 13C, indicating that fish-derived nutrients entered the stream food web primarily through indirect pathways rather than direct consumption of carcasses or gametes. At pupation, an average of 18% of caddisfly tissue N below the barrier was sucker-derived. In comparison to our focal stream, a reference stream with few suckers showed no seasonal or longitudinal patterns in nutrients and stable isotopes. These results demonstrate that iteroparous fish migrations can spur productivity via nutrient subsidies, despite low mortality rates. Thus, concerns about negative ecosystem-level consequences of blocking migrations of semelparous fishes are also applicable to iteroparous species when migrations are large.
Union militancy among public employees: A public choice hypothesis

Public employee union membership has grown from under 6 percent to over 20 percent of all union members since 1963. This growth has been ascribed to lagging wages, inelastic demands for public products, political clout, changed laws, and reduced professionalism and public spiritedness. These explanations agree that public employees now confront their employers in a newly militant and adversarial mode. We disagree. We model this growth in membership as a continuation of old public employment relations and forecast the soon diminution of militancy.
Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood stem cells for transplantation: growing knowledge from the hematopoietic niche

Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in adults is limited by the small number of primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in each graft, resulting in delayed engraftment post transplant, and both short- and long-term infectious complications. Initial efforts to expand UCB progenitors ex vivo have resulted in expansion of mature rather than immature HSC, confounded by the inability to accurately and reliably measure long-term reconstituting cells. Ex vivo expansion of UCB HSC has failed to improve engraftment because of resulting defects that promote apoptosis, disrupt marrow homing and initiate cell cycling. Here we discuss the future of ex vivo expansion, which we suggest will include the isolation of immature hematopoietic progenitors on the basis of function rather than surface phenotype and will employ both cytokines and stroma to maintain and expand the stem cell niche. We suggest that ex vivo expansion could be enhanced by manipulating newly discovered signaling pathways (Notch, Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein 4 and Tie2/angiopoietin-1) and intracellular mediators (phosphatase and tensin homolog and glycogen synthase kinase-3) in a manner that promotes HSC expansion with less differentiation. Improved methods for ex vivo expansion will make UCBT available to more patients, decrease engraftment times and allow more rapid immune reconstitution post transplant.
Magic and artifice in the collection of Athanasius Kircher

Situated at the center of intellectual life in baroque Rome, the museum administered by the Jesuit naturalist Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) simultaneously instructed and bemused its audiences with an exuberant mix of exotic animals, classical art and technological marvels. Kircher's playful use of spectacle and his irrepressible fondness for "magic" were derided by contemporaries as frivolous wonder-mongering, but the lavish machines at the heart of his museum were more than mere showpieces. Instead, they presented audiences with a compelling vision of the natural world in which the hidden foundations of the universe could be captured and displayed by artifice. Kircher's collection was in itself a vast instrument of revelation, conceived on a grander scale than the telescope of Galileo but rooted all the same in contemporary scientific culture.
The effects of Mobilization with Movement on dorsiflexion range of motion, dynamic balance, and self-reported function in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Previous studies have examined the effectiveness of a manual therapy intervention known as Mobilization with Movement (MWM) to increase dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). While a single talocrural MWM treatment has increased dorsiflexion ROM in these individuals, examining the effects of multiple treatments on dorsiflexion ROM, dynamic balance, and self-reported function would enhance the clinical application of this intervention. This study sought to determine if three treatment sessions of talocrural MWM would improve dorsiflexion ROM, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) reach distances, and self-reported function using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) in individuals with CAI. Eleven participants with CAI (5 Males, 6 Females, age: 21.5 ± 2.2 years, weight: 83.9 ± 15.6 kg, height: 177.7 ± 10.9 cm, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool: 17.5 ± 4.2) volunteered in this repeated-measures study. Subjects received three MWM treatments over one week. Weight-bearing dorsiflexion ROM (cm), normalized SEBT reach distances (%), and self-reported function (%) were assessed one week before the intervention (baseline), prior to the first MWM treatment (pre-intervention), and 24–48 h following the final treatment (post-intervention). No significant changes were identified in dorsiflexion ROM, SEBT reach distances, or the FAAM-Activities of Daily Living scale (p > 0.05). Significant changes were identified on the FAAM-Sport (p = 0.01). FAAM-Sport scores were significantly greater post-intervention (86.82 ± 9.18%) compared to baseline (77.27 ± 11.09%; p = 0.01) and pre-intervention (79.82 ± 13.45%; p = 0.04). These results indicate the MWM intervention did not improve dorsiflexion ROM, dynamic balance, or patient-centered measures of activities of daily living. However, MWM did improve patient-centered measures of sport-related activities in individuals with CAI.
Heat transport by turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in cylindrical cells with aspect ratio one and less

We present high-precision measurements of the Nusselt number N as a function of the Rayleigh number R for cylindrical samples of water (Prandtl number σ=4.38) with diameters D = 49.7, 24.8, and 9.2 cm, all with aspect ratio F≡D/L≃1 (L is the sample height). In addition, we present data for D=49.7 and r=1.5,2,3, and 6. For each sample the data cover a range of a little over a decade of R. For Γ≃1 they jointly span the range 10 7 ≤ R ≤ 10 11 . Where needed, the data were corrected for the influence of the finite conductivity of the top and bottom plates and of the sidewalls on the heat transport in the fluid to obtain estimates of N∞ for plates with infinite conductivity and sidewalls of zero conductivity
Molar enthalpy of formation of californium tribromide

Abstract The enthalpy of solution in 1.000 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid of californium tribromide in its room temperature stable monoclinic form was measured at 298.15 ± 0.05 K and at p0 = 101.325 kPa as −(181.4 ± 0.9) kJ mol−. Combination of this result with the previously determined enthalpy of solution of californium metal in the same medium at comparable concentrations leads to the value ΔfHmo (CfBr3, cr, mono) = − (752.5 ± 3.2) kJ mol−. This result is compared with previously estimated values for this compound and, together with the experimental values for the molar enthalpies of formation of uranium, neptunium and plutonium tribromides, it is used to estimate the molar enthalpies of formation of americium, curium and berkelium tribromides.
Carboplatin—gemcitabine in the therapy of advanced ovarian cancer: dose reduction consideration

Carboplatin-gemcitabine doublet is an important therapeutic option for patients with both previously treated and untreated ovarian cancer (OC). At the currently recommended dosing, its main toxicity is hematological, consisting of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, including febrile neutropenia, and/or anemia. The use of platelet transfusions, G-CSF and/ or packed red blood cells is often necessary, in order to avoid treatment delays or omission of doses. We report here on the high efficacy of lower doses of gemcitabine at 750 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 in combination with carboplatin AUC = 4 on day 1, repeated in 21-day cycles, in a small series of patients with advanced/metastatic OC. Using the above dose regimen, durable complete remissions were achieved in all patients in our cohort within 9-12 weeks, with no growth factor support, and no transfusions of blood components being necessary. We believe that lowering the doses of both carboplatin and gemcitabine from the start of therapy would ensure their timely delivery and steady-state plasma drug levels. In conclusion, administration of carboplatin AUC = 4 and gemcitabine 750 mg/m(2) appears to be a safe and effective combination for the therapy of advanced/metastatic OC, with clinically tolerable hematological toxicity.
Glass-based seals for solid oxide fuel and electrolyzer cells - A review

Abstract High temperature hermetic seal is essential for utilizing the full potentials of planar solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cells. A seal glass needs to have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, mechanical integrity, and sealing ability in stringent oxidizing and reducing environments and for hundreds of thermal cycles. Comprehensive analysis and understanding are needed in the design of a seal glass in order to meet the demanding requirements. In this review, seal requirements and the advantages of glass-based seals are first discussed. Different glass compositions are reviewed from thermal, chemical, mechanical, and electrical property point of view. Based on these considerations, glass composition design approaches are provided that aid in search of the best seal glass that can offer all the desired properties and stabilities. Required thermal properties such as thermal expansion coefficient, glass transition temperature, and softening temperature have been achieved in several alkaline earth borosilicate glass systems. Interfacial compatibility with other cell components has also been obtained for several alkaline earth borosilicate glass systems. However, long-term thermal and chemical stabilities are yet to be achieved. Among all the glass systems studied, a boron-free SrO–La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 seal glass has been specifically discussed because it has met all the thermal and chemical properties along with high thermal and chemical stabilities. For future endeavors, the relationships between seal glass constituents, glass network structures, required thermal, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties need to be established in order to improve sealing performance while maintaining design flexibility and low fabrication cost.
An efficient terminal and model order reduction algorithm

The paper proposes an efficient terminal and model order reduction method for compact modeling of interconnect circuits with many terminals. The new method is inspired by the recently proposed terminal reduction method, SVDMOR [P. Feldmann, F. Liu, Sparse and efficient reduced order modeling of linear subcircuits with large number of terminals, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD), 2004, pp. 88-92]. But different from SVDMOR, the new method considers higher order moment information for terminal responses during the terminal reduction and separately applies singular value decomposition (SVD) on both input and output terminals for low-rank approximations. This is in contrast to the SVDMOR method where input and output terminal responses are approximated by SVD at the same time, which can lead to large errors when the numbers of inputs and outputs are quite different. We analyze the passivity requirements for SVD-based terminal and model order reduction and show that the combined passive terminal and MOR using SVD method will not lead an effective terminal reduction in general. Our experimental results show that the proposed ESVDMOR method outperforms the SVDMOR method in terms of accuracy for the same reduced model sizes when the numbers of input and output terminals are quite different.
Refractive-index anisotropy and dispersion in triglycine selenate single crystals in the visible range

Refractive-index anisotropy and dispersion were measured in the monoclinic triglycine selenate single crystal between 460 and 635 nm at room temperature (18°C), just below the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition (22°C). Use was made of a recently developed technique that uses bireflectance in an oriented single-crystal prism to obtain an accurate estimate of the anisotropy. At λ = 633 nm the refractive indices were nX = 1.465, nY = 1.537, and nZ = 1.557.
The Taphonomy of Disaster and the (Re)Formation of New Orleans

Using observations from recent participation in post-Katrina recovery efforts in New Orleans, I make the case in this article that taphonomic processes such as trash removal, deposition, earthmoving, and demolition are a primary medium through which individuals and communities reconstitute themselves following a disaster. Taphonomy, or the formation of the archaeological record, does not simply reflect social processes, it is a social process. The taphonomic processes currently underway through the clean-up and rebuilding efforts in New Orleans dramatically illustrate this point. I recommend that both ethnographers and archaeologists undertake a fine-grained ethnoarchaeology of disaster. I engage with the literature of disaster to illustrate the potentials I see for this type of study, particularly as it pertains to the culture–nature nexus, perceptions of vulnerability, and the revelatory power of disasters.
Harnessing bacterial power in microscale actuation

This paper presents a systematic analysis of the motion of microscale structures actuated by flagellated bacteria. We perform the study both experimentally and theoretically. We use a blotting procedure to attach flagellated bacteria to a buoyancy-neutral plate called a microbarge. The motion of the plate depends on the distribution of the cells on the plate and the stimuli from the environment. We construct a stochastic mathematical model for the system, based on the assumption that the behavior of each bacterium is random and independent of that of its neighbors. The main finding of the paper is that the motion of the barge plus bacteria system is a function of a very small set of parameters. This reduced-dimensional model can be easily estimated using experimental data. We show that the simulation results obtained from the model show an excellent match with the experimentally-observed motion of the barge.
TOWARD A STANDARD OF CARE FOR CHILD ADHD: IMPLICATIONS FOR MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS

In this article, we briefly review the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and describe the most current scientifically supported theory about the nature of this disorder. Based on the research literature, several organizations have established standards of care for its diagnosis and treatment, which involves a multimodal strategy for treatment at the biological, individual, family, school, and community levels. Assessment and treatment guidelines are provided for Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs), and specific areas of competency are proposed for MFTs who are working with children who have ADHD.
Advances in Pneumococcal Disease Prevention: 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Infants and Children

A 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), developed with the same chemistry used for the 7-valent PCV vaccine (PCV7) and with the goal of expanding serotype coverage, was clinically evaluated in the United States and Europe and found to induce capsular-specific antibody responses comparable to those of PCV7 for the common serotypes, with robust responses to the 6 additional serotypes. In addition, PCV13 has a similar safety profile to PCV7 and can be given routinely to infants and children, ideally as a 3-dose primary series in the first year of life, with a booster dose in the second year. Children who have initiated their vaccination program with PCV7 can transition to PCV13 at any point in the schedule. Children aged ≥15 months who have been completely vaccinated with PCV7 can receive a single dose of PCV13 to induce immunity to the 6 additional serotypes.
DCAMKL-1: a new horizon for pancreatic progenitor identification

type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Although islet transplantation has shown great potential in the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients, availability of donor islets remains a major obstacle ([4][1]). Cell replacement
Short Telomeres are Sufficient to Cause the Degenerative Defects Associated with Aging

Telomerase function is critical for telomere maintenance. Mutations in telomerase components lead to telomere shortening and progressive bone marrow failure in the premature aging syndrome dyskeratosis congenita. Short telomeres are also acquired with aging, yet the role that they play in mediating age-related disease is not fully known. We generated wild-type mice that have short telomeres. In these mice, we identified hematopoietic and immune defects that resembled those present in dyskeratosis congenita patients. When mice with short telomeres were interbred, telomere length was only incrementally restored, and even several generations later, wild-type mice with short telomeres still displayed degenerative defects. Our findings implicate telomere length as a unique heritable trait that, when short, is sufficient to mediate the degenerative defects of aging, even when telomerase is wild-type.
Licensing parents revisited.

Although systems for licensing professionals are far from perfect, and their problems and costs should not be ignored, they are justified as a necessary means of protecting innocent people's vital interests. Licensing defends patients from inept doctors, pharmacists, and physical therapists; it protects clients from unqualified lawyers. We should protect people who are highly vulnerable to those who are supposed to serve them, those with whom they have a special relationship. Requiring professionals to be licensed is the most plausible way of doing that. Given the overwhelming support for the licensing of these professionals, I find it odd that so many people categorically reject proposals to license parents. Although the relationship between a parent and her children is different in some respects, it is also relevantly similar to that between a professional and those she serves. To defend these claims, I show how and why the rationale for licensing parents parallels the rational for licensing professionals. I then ask whether such a program could be justifiably implemented. Finally, I describe and reject what I see as the flawed view of the relationship between parents and their children.
Sextant: A tool to specify and visualize software metrics for Java source-code

The success of software development efforts typically require guidance derived from a deep understanding of its design space.Well-crafted software metrics can impart invaluable insight into the nature of software and can provide the underpinnings for informed decisions involving design and implementation trade-offs. Leveraging metrics to their full capacity requires (1) the ability to quickly develop custom metrics that are domain-specific and even application specific, and (2) the ability to present metrics-related information in a comprehensible fashion. This paper describes a tool, called Sextant, whose purpose is to achieve the goals stated in the previous paragraph. An overview of Sextant is given followed by two in-depth real-world examples of how the use of metrics can positively impact software development efforts.
Modeling of a 10GHz SiGe HBT EO modulator

The modeling of an EO modulator based on SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor is presented. The device exhibits 10GHz switching speed with a π-phase shift length of 74µm. The total propagation loss is less than 4dB.
Genesis of Phosphatic Sediments in Cincinnatian Series (Upper Ordovician), Southeastern Indiana and Southwestern Ohio: ABSTRACT

Few workers have considered the origin of lower Paleozoic phosphate-rich strata, especially in the light of recently proposed phosphorite depositional models. Selected samples of limestones and shales from the Cincinnatian Series have been examined to determine the environmental factors contributing to the accumulation of phosphatic sediments. The conditions of phosphate accumulation have been interpreted from a detailed description of the stratigraphic sequence, sedimentary structures, textures, and fossil content of each locality. Microfacies analysis of the limestones revealed that phosphate is largely confined to intragranular pores of bioclasts (echinoderm debris, juvenile mollusks, bryozoan zooecia). The phosphatized bioclasts are concentrated as basal lag deposits above discontinuity surfaces, as starved ripples within shale beds, and as burrow infillings. The zones of phosphatic concentration directly overlie bioclastic wackestones. The original phosphatization process probably occurred within the sediments that formed the bioclastic wackestones. The ichnofossils (and, in part, the body fossils) indicate that there was a low rate of sedimentation, high organic input, high initial water content (> 50%), normal oxygen concentrations, and pervasive bioturbation of a muddy substrate. The confining microenvironments necessary for the reducing conditions of phosphate precipitation were the intragranular pores of bioclasts, such as bryozoans, filled with organic-rich muds. Early diagenesis of phosphate took place within the pores, and these relatively denser allochems were subsequently winnowed from the unconsolidated muddy substrate by episodic high-energy events. The resultant deposits were phosphatic sands that al o underwent biogenic disturbance and further physical redeposition. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1441------------