cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Post-War Politics of China

Because of the antiquity and settledness of Chinese folkways, Chinese political behavior is usually simpler and more predictable than American. Language, morals, religion, habits, institutions have all become adjusted to each other over an immense range of time. What a Chinese doesunder any given set of circumstances is determined by what he thinks the circumstances are; when he thinks, he thinks in Chinese; his action is embedded in his language, and the language is shot through with two thousand two hundred years of official Confucian indoctrination. Thus Chinese politics would be very predictable indeed if it were not for the intervention of new, non-Chinese, extraneous factors.
The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. IV. Chromosomal localization

The contributions of each chromosome to the traits thorax size and plasticity of thorax size as affected by temperature in Drosophila melanogaster were measured. A composite stock was created from lines previously subjected to selection on thorax size or plasticity of thorax size. A chromosome extraction was performed against a uniform background lacking genetic variation, provided by a stock of marked balancer flies. With regard to amount of plasticity, chromosome I and the balancer stock showed no plasticity, the composite stock showed the greatest plasticity, and chromosomes II and III were intermediate. Chromosome I showed significant genetic variation for thorax size at both 19° C and 25° C, but not for plasticity, while chromosome II showed significant genetic variation for plasticity, but not for thorax size. Chromosome III showed significant genetic variation for both thorax size and plasticity. We tested the predictions of three models of the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity: overdominance, pleiotropy, and epistasis. The results support the epistasis model, in agreement with earlier work. The amount of developmental noise was correlated with phenotypic plasticity at 25° C, in agreement with earlier work. A negative correlation was found at 19° C for chromosome II, contrary to earlier work.
Pulmonary Complications of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

There are many important respiratory manifestations of endocrine and metabolic diseases in children. Acute and chronic pulmonary infections are the most common respiratory abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus, although cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema are also possible. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 may be indistinguishable from cystic fibrosis (CF) unless serum aldosterone, plasma renin activity, and urinary electrolytes are measured and mutation analysis rules out CF. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism may alter lung function and affect the central respiratory drive. The thyroid hormone plays an essential role in lung development, surfactant synthesis, and lung defence. Complications of hypoparathyroidism are largely due to hypocalcaemia. Laryngospasm can lead to stridor and airway obstruction. Ovarian tumours, benign or malignant, may present with unilateral or bilateral pleural effusions. Metabolic storage disorders, primarily as a consequence of lysosomal dysfunction from enzymatic deficiencies, constitute a diverse group of rare conditions that can have profound effects on the respiratory system.
Surface cracking in layers under biaxial, residual compressive stress

Thin two-phase, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/t-Zr(3Y)O{sub 2} layers bounded by much thicker Zr(3Y)O{sub 2} layers were fabricated by co-sintering powders. After cooling, cracks were observed along the center of the two-phase, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/t-Zr(3Y)O{sub 2} layers. Although the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/t-Zr(3Y)O{sub 2} layers are under residual, biaxial compression far from the surface, tensile stresses, normal to the center line, exist at and near the surface. These highly localized tensile stresses can cause cracks to extend parallel to the layer, to a depth proportional to the layer thickness. A tunneling/edge cracking energy release rate function is developed for these cracks. It shows that for a given residual stress, crack extension will take place only when the layer thickness is greater than a critical value. A value of the critical thickness is computed and compared with an available experimental datum point. In addition, the behavior of the energy release rate function due to elastic mismatch is calculated via the finite element method (FEM). It is also shown how this solution for crack extension can be applied to explain cracking associated with other phenomena, e.g., joining, reaction couples, etc.
Chain termination of ribosomal RNA synthesis in vitro.

An RNA chain termination event in highly purified systems of polymerase and template is as precise as it is in vivo. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis suggests that other protein factors such as the ρ-factor are not involved in this process.
Older age is associated with higher rate of discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: In increasingly aging populations, awareness of outcomes of older patients treated with biologics is becoming more important. However, few studies to date have investigated the safety and durability of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in this subgroup. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study with cases comprising all IBD patients who began anti-TNF treatment at age >60 years. Cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified from medical record review. Our controls consisted of patients younger than age 60 years on anti-TNF treatment and patients >60 years on treatment with immunomodulators. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were used to calculate the probability of remaining on anti-TNF therapy. Results: We identified a total of 54 IBD patients who initiated anti-TNF therapy over the age of 60 years (mean 73, range 61–97 years). Among these, a total of 38 patients (70%) discontinued anti-TNF therapy after a mean of 24.1 months. At 12 months after initiation, 75% of patients older than age 60 years were still on anti-TNF agents compared to 93% among younger users and 82% among older AZA users (P < 0.05). Compared to older AZA users, older anti-TNF users remained more likely to require early therapy cessation (hazard ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval 1.29–3.78). Conclusions: The IBD population older than age 60 at the time of initiation of anti-TNF therapy is at higher risk for discontinuation of therapy. They may also be particularly vulnerable to infectious complications requiring hospitalization, suggesting the need for careful monitoring during therapy. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;)
The translation of cancer genomics: time for a revolution in clinical cancer care

The introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies has dramatically impacted the life sciences, perhaps most profoundly in the area of cancer genomics. Clinical applications of next-generation sequencing and associated methods are emerging from ongoing large-scale discovery projects that have catalogued hundreds of genes as having a role in cancer susceptibility, onset and progression. For example, discovery cancer genomics has confirmed that many of the same genes are altered by mutation, copy number gain or loss, or structural variation across multiple tumor types, resulting in a gain or loss of function that likely contributes to cancer development in these tissues. Beyond these frequently mutated genes, we now know there is a ‘long tail’ of less frequently mutated, but probably important, genes that play roles in cancer onset or progression. Here, I discuss some of the remaining barriers to clinical translation, and look forward to new applications of these technologies in cancer care.
Lady Friends: Hawaiian Ways and the Ties That Define

Lady Friends: Hawaiian Ways and the Ties That Define. Karen L. Ito. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999. 176 pp.
Low-Noise Tunnel-Diode down Converter Having Conversion Gain

This paper describes the use of the new tunnel diode in a down converter. An experimental UHF circuit converting from a signal frequency of 210 mc to an intermediate frequency of 30 mc is used to illustrate the feasibility of this new converter. Conversion power gain of 22 db with less than 3 db noise has been achieved with gallium arsenide diodes. The circuit analysis proceeds from the basic nonlinear resistance of the tunnel diode I-V characteristic. Equations are developed for conversion gain, bandwidth and noise figure. From these equations, criteria are derived for the choice of diode characteristics and circuit parameters to obtain optimum performance.
Evolution of the Galactic globular cluster system

We study the dynamical evolution of disc and halo globular clusters in the Milky Way using a series of Fokker-Planck calculations combined with parametric statistical models. Our sample of 111 clusters with velocity data is predicted to descend from an initial population of 250 clusters, implying more than a factor of two decrease in population size due to evolution. Approximately 200 of these clusters are in a halo component and 50 in a disc component. The estimated initial halo population follows a coreless R-3.38 density profile in good agreement with current estimates for the distribution of halo field stars. The observed core in the present-day distribution of halo clusters results from the rapid evaporation of clusters in the inner regions of the Galaxy. The initial halo population is also predicted to have a radially biased orbit distribution in rough agreement with the observed kinematics of halo field stars. The isotropy of the present-day halo cluster distribution results from the evaporation of clusters on elongated orbits. Similarly, the initial disc component has a nearly isotropic initial distribution that becomes more tangentially biased with time. However, the inferred initial characteristics of the disc component do not match the kinematics of the rapidly rotating thin or thick disc stellar populations. These characteristics may be more indicative of the flattened halo component discussed by Zinno Detailed examination of cluster evolution confirms the importance of disc heating. Clusters on low-inclination orbits experience the strongest disc heating because of optimal matches in resonant frequencies. Disc heating on high­ inclination orbits is weaker but still dominates over spheroidal heating. Evaporation times depend weakly on initial concentration, density and height of oscillation above the disc.
Responsivity to food stimuli in obese and lean binge eaters using functional MRI

Functional neuroimaging was employed to study 10 obese and 10 lean healthy young right-handed women, divided equally into binge and non-binge eaters. Subjects were presented with visual and auditory stimuli of binge type foods, non-binge type foods, and non-food stimuli in the fMRI scanner. Brain areas activated by both the visual and auditory stimuli across all individual subjects within a particular group was observed only for the binge food stimuli in the obese binge eaters, in the right premotor area, involved in planning of motor behavior. For four of the five obese binge eaters, the activation was in the ventral premotor cortex adjacent to the oral region, and may reflect past or concurrent motor planning about eating binge foods. Because a random effects group analysis has not yet been completed, this should be considered a preliminary report.
Knowledge base design for environmental research

The project described in this paper is an attempt to develop an integrated model for environmental research, which concentrates on the application spatial, and temporal analysis techniques to large-scale ecological data sets and includes satellite imagery and ground-based sensor data. The backbone of this project is a telecommunication system that can transport data recorded by environmental sensors to a knowledge base. Experimentation with tools for modeling and visualization is also in the scope of the research and bring in researchers from many fields including computer science, hydrology, mathematics, computer engineering, biology, marine sciences and electronics.
Dose-response characteristics of methylphenidate on locomotor behavior and on sensory evoked potentials recorded from the VTA, NAc, and PFC in freely behaving rats

Background Methylphenidate (MPD) is a psychostimulant commonly prescribed for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The mode of action of the brain circuitry responsible for initiating the animals' behavior in response to psychostimulants is not well understood. There is some evidence that psychostimulants activate the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC).
Moral responsibility for computing artifacts: "the rules" and issues of trust

"The Rules" are found in a collaborative document (started in March 2010) that states principles for responsibility when a computer artifact is designed, developed and deployed into a sociotechnical system. At this writing, over 50 people from nine countries have signed onto The Rules (Ad Hoc Committee, 2010). Unlike codes of ethics, The Rules are not tied to any organization, and computer users as well as computing professionals are invited to sign onto The Rules. The emphasis in The Rules is that both users and professionals have responsibilities in the production and use of computing artifacts. In this paper, we use The Rules to examine issues of trust.
Mechanisms of ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose–solid interaction: Influence of hydrophobic modification

Hydroxyethyl cellulose and its hydrophobically modified derivatives are widely used in many industrial areas such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, paint and mineral industries. However, the interaction mechanisms of these biopolymers and solids have not been established. In this work, the interaction mechanism and conformation of hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl) cellulose (C(14)-EHEC) have been investigated using spectroscopic, AFM and allied techniques. Comparison was made with corresponding unmodified analogue in order to investigate the effects of the hydrophobic modification. Electrokinetic studies showed that polysaccharides adsorption decreased the negative zeta potential of talc but did not reverse the charge. EHEC adsorption on talc was not found to be affected significantly by changes in solution conditions such as pH and ionic strength, ruling out electrostatic force as the controlling factor. However, HM-EHEC adsorption was found to increase markedly with increase in ionic strength from 0.1 to 1 suggesting a role for the hydrophobic force in this adsorption process. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies conducted to investigate the role of hydrophobic bonding using pyrene probe showed no evidence of the formation of hydrophobic domains at talc-aqueous interface. Urea, a hydrogen bond breaker, reduced the adsorption of HM-EHEC on talc markedly. In FTIR study, the changes in the infrared bands, associated with the CO stretch coupled to the CC stretch and OH deformation, were significant and therefore support strong hydrogen bonding of HM-EHEC on the solid surface. Moreover, Langmuir modeling of the adsorption isotherms suggests hydrogen bonding to be a major force for the adsorption of EHEC and C(14)-EHEC on solid since the adsorption free energies of these polymers were close to that for hydrogen bond formation. All of the above results suggest that the main driving force for EHEC adsorption on talc is hydrogen bonding rather than electrostatic interaction or hydrophobic force. For hydrophobically modified C(14)-EHEC, hydrophobic force plays a synergetic role in adsorption along with hydrogen bonding. From computer modeling and AFM imaging, it is proposed that C(0)-EHEC and C(14)-EHEC adsorb flat on talc with ethylene oxide side chains and hydrophobic groups protruding out from the surface into bulk water phase.
Ferroelectric-gate transistor as a capacitor-less DRAM cell (FEDRAM)

Abstract The Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor FET structure (or MFISFET) has been studied as a non-volatile memory device1-4 ever since the IEEE publication by Wu4 in 1974. However, so far there has not been any commercial product, because of some severe problems, including interface problems and retention time problem, among others.
Energy-aware coverage control with docking for robot teams

In this paper, we formulate a distributed, energy-aware control policy aimed at enabling persistent surveillance of a specified region of interest by teams of networked robots. Central to our formulation is the fundamental idea that as an agent participating in coverage approaches a low energy reserve the team should cooperatively adjust the coverage formation to allow the agent to return to a designated base station, where it can recharge before rejoining the effort. Towards this end, we build upon recent efforts in employing Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation (CVT)-based coverage control laws by defining a policy that exploits a power-dependent weighting scheme that embeds an agent's trade-off to achieve its coverage mission and to maintain a desired energy reserve to guarantee its own safety. Stability of the proposed approach is considered, and we show that coupling our continuous controller with a straightforward switching mechanism guarantees every agent will return to its base station safely. Simulation results are presented to verify and demonstrate the utility of the proposed control scheme.
A Pituitary Adenoma in a Zebra

Neoplasms of the pituitary gland are considered uncommon in animals'? 3+. However, tumors of the pars intermediaz-4 and of the chromophobe cells of the pars distalis5 are reported to occur in equids. An adenoma of the pars intermedia in a captive zebra is reported herein.
Toward the Green Video CDN

Content Delivery Networks (CDN) play an important role in today's video distribution system. While its advantage of efficient content delivery is well understood, the energy consumption of the video CDN system needs to be understood since energy saving recently has become a key challenge for the system designers and operators. This paper investigates the energy efficiency aspect of a video CDN system by firstly analyzing and defining the energy efficiency of a video CDN system, followed by two possible energy efficiency improvements, which are based on the idea of intelligent coordination among edge video servers.
A case study in mechanically deriving dense linear algebra code

Design by Transformation (DxT) is a top-down approach to mechanically derive high-performance algorithms for dense linear algebra. We use DxT to derive the implementation of a representative matrix operation, two- sided Trmm. We start with a knowledge base of transformations that were encoded for a simpler set of operations, the level-3 BLAS, and add only a few transformations to accommodate the more complex two- sided Trmm. These additions explode the search space of our prototype system, DxTer, requiring the novel techniques defined in this paper to eliminate large segments of the search space that contain suboptimal algorithms. Performance results for the mechanically optimized implementations on 8192 cores of a BlueGene/P architecture are given.
Gene set analysis for self-contained tests

Motivation: The analysis of differentially expressed gene sets became a routine in the analyses of gene expression data. There is a multitude of tests available, ranging from aggregation tests that summarize gene-level statistics for a gene set to true multivariate tests, accounting for intergene correlations. Most of them detect complex departures from the null hypothesis but when the null hypothesis is rejected, the specific alternative leading to the rejection is not easily identifiable. Results: In this article we compare the power and Type I error rates of minimum-spanning tree (MST)-based non-parametric multivariate tests with several multivariate and aggregation tests, which are frequently used for pathway analyses. In our simulation study, we demonstrate that MST-based tests have power that is for many settings comparable with the power of conventional approaches, but outperform them in specific regions of the parameter space corresponding to biologically relevant configurations. Further, we find for simulated and for gene expression data that MST-based tests discriminate well against shift and scale alternatives. As a general result, we suggest a two-step practical analysis strategy that may increase the interpretability of experimental data: first, apply the most powerful multivariate test to find the subset of pathways for which the null hypothesis is rejected and second, apply MST-based tests to these pathways to select those that support specific alternative hypotheses. Contact:gvglazko@uams.edu or yrahmatallah@uams.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Annual Adjustment of the Thermocline in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

In this paper the amplitude-phase characteristics of the annual adjustment of the thermocline in the entire tropical Pacific Ocean are described and numerical experiments with a tropical ocean model are performed to assess the roles of the major wind systems in controlling the annual variation of the thermocline. In the region between about 88N and 108S, the annual adjustment of the thermocline is controlled by both the Ekman pumping and equatorial wave propagation. The local wind stress forcing plays a dominant role in the central North Pacific (38‐88N, 1708‐1208W) where the thermocline exhibits the largest amplitude due to the prominent annual variation of the wind stress curl south of the ITCZ. In the equatorial central Pacific (28N‐ 58S, 1708‐1208W), the annual cycle also exhibits a pronounced unimodal seasonal variation (deepest in December and shallowest in May‐June). This distinctive annual cycle results primarily from the adjustment of the waves, which are excited around 48N, 1108W by the annual march of the ITCZ and excited in the equatorial western Pacific by the monsoon flows. The December maximum and May‐June minimum then propagate westward in the off-equatorial waveguides along 58 N( 38‐78N) and 68 S( 38‐98S) to the western boundary. These annual Rossby waves are reflected at the western ocean boundary. The bimodal annual variation in the equatorial western Pacific is caused by the combined effects of the annual Rossby wave reflection and the monsoon westerly forcing during transitional seasons. The bimodal variations in the equatorial far eastern Pacific are determined by the remote forcing through the eastward propagation of Kelvin waves. The thermocline variations in the North Pacific poleward of 88N and in the South Pacific poleward of 108S form approximately an annual seesaw oscillation with maximum depth occurring in May‐June (October‐November) and minimum in December (April‐May) in the North (South) Pacific. These regions are characterized by an Ekman regime.
A look back at “Where have all the behaviorists gone?”

The paper in the title (Branch & Malagodi, 1980) was written at a time when behavior analysis and behaviorism were being declared dead in the mainstream psychology literature, and at a time when the program in which I served, the Behavior Analysis program (then called the Experimental Analysis of Behavior) at the University of Florida, was going through difficult times. The paper covered several points, and in this retrospective account I return to them to see if they still have relevance more than 30 years later.
Crisis management at General Motors and Toyota: An analysis of gender-specific communication and media coverage

Abstract This study applied the genderlect theory to analyze General Motors’ and Toyota’s senior executive crisis communication. The discrepancies in the two companies’ crisis responses were explained through female vs. male-specific communication. Further, the study applied the situational crisis communication theory to analyze the news valence in the media coverage of the crises. While a direct correlation between gender-specific communication and news valence was beyond the purpose of this study, the current analysis can serve as a basis for future research on best crisis communication strategies as informed by gender differences.
Teaching communication skills: using action methods to enhance role-play in problem-based learning.

SUMMARY STATEMENT Role-play is a method of simulation used commonly to teach communication skills. Role-play methods can be enhanced by techniques that are not widely used in medical teaching, including warm-ups, role-creation, doubling, and role reversal. The purposes of these techniques are to prepare learners to take on the role of others in a role-play; to develop an insight into unspoken attitudes, thoughts, and feelings, which often determine the behavior of others; and to enhance communication skills through the participation of learners in enactments of communication challenges generated by them. In this article, we describe a hypothetical teaching session in which an instructor applies each of these techniques in teaching medical students how to break bad news using a method called SPIKES [Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Emotions, Strategy, and Summary]. We illustrate how these techniques track contemporary adult learning theory through a learner-centered, case-based, experiential approach to selecting challenging scenarios in giving bad news, by attending to underlying emotion and by using reflection to anchor new learning.
Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy with Dysproteinemia Immunohistologic and Ultrastructural Studies

Immunoblasts of the B-cell line and immunoblasts of the T-cell line have very similar light-microscopic appearances but different immunologic compositions. The immunoblasts of a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia were found to bear surface immunoglobulin and complement receptor. They lacked receptor for cytophilic antibody. Surface villous projections were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. These features strongly indicate their B-cell origin.
The future (and past) of quantum theory after the Higgs boson: a quantum-informational viewpoint

Taking as its point of departure the discovery of the Higgs boson, this article considers quantum theory, including quantum field theory, which predicted the Higgs boson, through the combined persp...
Water intake and its influencing factors of children and adolescents in Shanghai

OBJECTIVE: To describe the total drinking water intake and its influencing factors among children and adolescents in Shanghai, and to accumulate basis for developing adequate water intakes for children and adolescents in China. METHODS: A total of 1454 children and adolescents aged 8-17 years from two districts of Shanghai was selected by using stratified random sampling method. The information on amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects for seven consecutive days using a quantitative measurement. Total drinking water was the sum of plain water and beverages. RESULTS: The median of total drinking water of subjects was 1014 ml/d, and the median of plain water and beverages was 580 and 339 ml/d, respectively. The consumption of total drinking water, plain water, and beverages in boys was significantly higher than that in girls, was increasing with aging and in urban was significantly higher than that in suburbs (P < 0.05). The obese drank more beverages (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The total drinking water of children and adolescents in Shanghai was less. To establish adequate intake of water, the comprehensive effect of gender, age, BMI and region when should be considered.
A Novel Ion Channel in ATP Synthase C-Subunit Ring: Gatekeeper of Life and Death

Mitochondria play a central role in ageing, cardiac disease, cell death and cancer. Different pro-death signals lead to the permeabilization of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane is facilitated by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which is a key player in activation of cell death pathways. mPTP is a voltage and Ca2+-dependent high conductance channel. The brief opening of mPTP may serve physiological functions, but its prolonged opening leads to swelling of the mitochondrial matrix, rupture of outer and inner membranes and eventually to cell death. In spite of critical roles played by mPTP, its molecular nature remains mysterious and was a subject of scientific debate for many years. We recently demonstrated that the membrane-embedded c-subunit ring of F1FO-ATP synthase can form an uncoupling channel with biophysical characteristics of mPTP, nevertheless the conformational changes in ATP synthase leading to the opening of the c-subunit channel are still poorly understood. We have used site-directed mutagenesis accompanied by patch clamp recording as well as protein-protein interaction studies to gain a new understanding of the gating mechanism of the c-subunit leak channel. We have also expressed wild-type and mutant c-subunit channels in primary hippocampal neurons to study the role of the c-subunit channel in neuronal cell death, neuronal function and survival. We present a novel structural-functional model of mPTP gating by highlighting the molecular mechanisms and conformational changes in the F1FO-ATP synthase necessary to open the c-subunit channel.
Josiah and the Text Revolution

With the emergence of literacy and the flourishing of literature a textual revolution arose in the days of King Josiah. This was one of the most profound cultural revolutions in human history: the assertion of the orthodoxy of texts. As writing spread throughout Judean society, literacy broke out of the confines of the closed scribal schools, the royal court, and the lofty temples. Beginning in the burgeoning government bureaucracy, the use of writing spread throughout society. Basic literacy became commonplace, so much so that the illiterate could be socially stigmatized. The spread of literacy enabled a central feature of the religious revolution of Josiah: the religious authority of the written text. This was the great and enduring legacy of the Josianic Reforms in the development of Western civilization. It is ironic that the spread of literacy does not necessarily translate into a higher level of literature. Quite the contrary, its democratization increasingly takes writing out of the hands of professionals and places it into the hands of the general public. Writing in the days of Hezekiah had largely been done by court or temple scribes. Writing in the days of Josiah spread throughout the government bureaucracy and the economy. This spread of literacy meant that writing was more broad, but also more shallow. The quantity of writing tended to diminish the quality of writing. The important innovation that emerged with the Josianic Reforms was not the spread of literacy, but the concept of textual authority.
E-094 The Use of Aspiration Catheter Systems for Embolic Protection during Intracranial Vertebral Artery Angioplasty and Stenting, with Concurrent Use of Ultrasound to Document Flow Reversal

Background Posterior circulation strokes comprise approximately 20–25% of all strokes of ischemic origin. Strokes affecting this area carry a significantly higher risk for subsequent stroke or death as compared to anterior circulation strokes. Embolic protection device (EPD) use for carotid artery stenosis has translated into percutaneous interventions of proximal vertebral artery (VA) stenosis. However, the use of EPDs when treating intracranial lesions has yet to be studied and may not be feasible as the vessel caliber is frequently smaller than in existing devices. Objective The aim of this study is to describe a proximal aspiration technique used during the treatment of intracranial VA and basilar artery (BA) atherosclerotic disease. Methods Proximal embolic protection was utilized during the treatment of intracranial VA/BA stenosis with angioplasty and stenting in patients with medically refractory disease. Results Five patients with severe symptomatic posterior circulation stenosis refractory to medical management were treated with angioplasty and stenting utilizing proximal aspiration. Pre- and post-treatment angiograms and MRIs were compared. Treated vascular stenoses were significantly improved, without new neurological deficits or ischemic injury identified on imaging. Ultrasound was utilized to confirm flow reversal during the aspiration portion of the procedure. Conclusions The proposed technique of proximal embolic protection may help overcome the challenge of embolus propagation inherent to the treatment modality that was encountered during the treatment of intracranial VA/BA stenosis. Disclosures S. Gesheva: None. L. Hastings: None. J. Wilson: None.
Maternal Interpersonal Trauma and Child Social-Emotional Development: An Intergenerational Effect.

Background Evidence suggests that maternal interpersonal trauma can adversely affect offspring health, but little is known about potential transmission pathways. We investigated whether interpersonal trauma exposure had direct and indirect associations with offspring social-emotional development at 12-months of age in an at-risk, home visited population. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 1172 mother-child dyads who participated in a multi-site, early childhood home visiting program. Children were born January 2007 to June 2010 and data were collected at enrolment (prenatal/birth) through 12-months of age. Multivariable path analyses were used to examine the relationship between maternal interpersonal trauma, subsequent psychosocial mediators (maternal depressive symptoms, social support, and home environment), and the outcome of child social-emotional development measured with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE). Maternal interpersonal trauma was characterized as any previous exposure, the level of exposure, and type (e.g. abuse) of exposure. Results The prevalence of maternal interpersonal trauma exposure was 69.1%, and exposures ranged from 1 type (19.3%) to 7 types (2.3%). Interpersonal trauma was associated with a 3.6 point (95% confidence interval 1.8, 5.4) higher ASQ:SE score among offspring and indicated greater developmental risk. An estimated 23.4% of the total effect was mediated by increased maternal depressive symptoms and lower social support. Differential effects were observed by the level and type of interpersonal trauma exposure. Conclusion Maternal interpersonal trauma exposures can negatively impact child social-emotional development, acting in part through maternal psychosocial factors. Future research is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of intergenerational risk.
Flow Cytometric Sizing of DNA Fragments

We have developed the capability to detect and identify single fluorescent molecules as they transit a focused laser beam. Single molecule detection allows one to measure properties of individual molecules that would be difficult or impossible with bulk measurements where properties of individual molecules are hidden in ensemble averages. This attribute is particularly important for analyzing the components of a heterogeneous mixture without separating the sample into its individual components. The use of this technology for sizing individual DNA fragments in a sample containing a mixture of DNA fragments of different sizes is an excellent example of the power of this approach. In this article, we summarize our approach to single molecule detection and the application of this technology to DNA fragment sizing.
High fidelity D-Q modeling of synchronous machines using spectral interpolation

This paper presents a dynamic nonlinear dq0 modeling technique for synchronous machines considering magnetic saturation, non-sinusoidal magnetomotive-force, and non-sinusoidal airgap flux density distributions. State-space models are identified from nonlinear finite-element simulations by expanding the flux-linkage and torque dependency on current vector magnitude, current vector angle, and rotor position using tensor product basis functions. A filtering technique is introduced to reduce the complexity of the model based on a user selected criteria. Simulations at different accuracy levels incorporating speed and current controllers, current and voltage constraints, and inverter switching behavior are presented.
Temperature dependent quasi-static capacitance-voltage characterization of SiO2/β-Ga2O3 interface on different crystal orientations

The interface trap density (Dit) of the SiO2/β-Ga2O3 interface in ( 2¯01), (010), and (001) orientations is obtained by the Hi-Lo method with the low frequency capacitance measured using the Quasi-Static Capacitance-Voltage (QSCV) technique. QSCV measurements are carried out at higher temperatures to increase the measured energy range of Dit in the bandgap. At room temperature, higher Dit is observed near the band edge for all three orientations. The measurement at higher temperatures led to an annealing effect that reduced the Dit value for all samples. Comparison with the conductance method and frequency dispersion of the capacitance suggests that the traps at the band edge are slow traps which respond to low frequency signals.
Patterns of utilization of extracranial neurovascular ultrasound in patients with syncope in the context of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Choosing Wisely initiative. (P2.187)

Objective: To determine the clinical impact of the AAN Choosing Wisely recommendations on the use of ENVU in patients with syncope, at Loyola University Medical Center. Background: Cost - effectiveness in practice depend on careful patient selection. Studies have shown the low yield of extracranial neurovascular ultrasound (ENVU) for syncope. The Choosing Wisely initiative of the AAN released on February 21 st , 2013, described a list of unnecessary tests regularly ordered, and recommended against ENVU in the evaluation of syncope not associated with other neurologic symptoms. However, the impact of the AAN recommendations in the “real world” has not been fully evaluated. Design/Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients with diagnosis of syncope (ICD-9 780.2) at our institution between January 1 st , 2011 and December 31 st , 2015. Multiple variables were assessed, and categorized in two distinct groups, before and after the release of the AAN Choosing Wisely recommendations. Results: 1975 patients with syncope were seen at our institution; 920 patients presented before the official release of the AAN recommendations. ENVU was performed in 91 of these patients (10%). After the AAN recommendations were released, a total of 1055 patients presented with syncope. ENVU was done in 173 of these patients (16%). ENVU demonstrated Conclusions: The clinical value of ENVU in syncope evaluation is not well established. Our study demonstrated a local increase utilization of ENVU despite AAN recommendations. We suspect our observations are not unique to our institution, and encourage colleagues to review the Choosing Wisely campaign in order to implement cost – effective practices in the evaluation of syncope. Study Supported by: n/a Disclosure: Dr. Ortiz-Garcia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bruzzone Giraldez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Andino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sweis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gomez has received personal compensation for activities with Biokine Inc., as an employee. Dr. Biller has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity forThe Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Frontiers in Neurology, and Up-To-Date.
Assessment and Management of Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Depression is a common and often unrecognized clinical condition among those with chronic medical illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis. Because depression is associated with higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare use, its prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. This article focuses on the different clinical concepts of depression, depression in medical conditions in general, and depression in rheumatoid arthritis in particular. Epidemiologic, etiopathogenic, assessment, and management issues are covered. Emphasis is placed on multimodal, multidisciplinary treatment, which includes pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and cognitive-behavioral and educational approaches.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Function: Current Methods and Clinical Significance

Methods of evaluating and understanding the contractile performance of the heart have been actively pursued during much of the past century. Bowditchl demonstrated the all-or-none law of the heart in 1871. From 1895 to 1915, Frank,2 Straub,3 Wiggers,4 and Starlings developed the basic concept that the mechanical energy of contraction (systole) was dependent upon the fiber length at end-diastole. Based on the model of muscle contraction proposed by A. V. Hill,6 numerous investigators7 have developed quantitative methods for assessing the contractile state of the myocardium. Additionally, the effects of afterload (the resistance or impedance) were appreciated and quantitated.7 These three factors (resting fiber length, contractile state, and afterload) are the basic concepts underlying the overall performance of the heart.
The Attractiveness and Use of Aquatic Environments as Outdoor Recreation Places

Water is a dominant feature in many environments. The United States, a nation of some 2.3 billion acres, has approximately 110 million acres of water surface, 3.6 million linear miles of rivers and streams, approximately 100,000 miles of coastal and Great Lakes shoreline, over 100,000 natural lakes, 2.5 million farm ponds, and a land area submerged under man-made reservoirs that exceeds the size of New Hampshire and Vermont combined. Roughly one-third of the U.S. population lives within five miles of a public lake, river, stream, or coastal shoreline (Lime, 1983).
Effect of Strain Rate and Pre-twist on Strength of Single Kevlar® KM2 Fiber

High performance fibers such as Kevlar KM2 used in protective vests are loaded primarily in tension at high loading rates. During the weaving and crimping process of fibers/yarns to make fabrics, individual fiber tensile strength may be reduced due to pre-straining of fibers by twisting. To systematically investigate the loading rate effects under different pre-twisted stress states, a miniaturized Kolsky tension bar is used to study single Kevlar KM2 fibers subject to varying levels of shear strain at high strain rates. Low and intermediate strain rate responses of the fibers are investigated using a Bose Electroforce loading system. In this paper, tensile strength as a function of pre-loaded shear strain on a single fiber is presented for different strain rates of loading. Fracture morphology of the fibers is also investigated using a high resolution scanning electron microscope to understand the mechanisms of failure.
Murder, the Media, and the Politics of Public Feelings: Remembering Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr, by Petersen, J.

Some events become seared in the public imagination. Others are side notes or back page stories or no story at all. Some lives are rendered grievable and others deemed somehow less so, an occasion ...
The Collaborative Development of Power in Children's Arguments

(1992). The Collaborative Development of Power in Children's Arguments. Argumentation and Advocacy: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 77-88.
Tunable Coacervation of Well-Defined Homologous Polyanions and Polycations by Local Polarity

The ionic complexation of polyelectrolytes is an important mechanism underlying many important biological processes and technical applications. The main driving force for complexation is electrostatic, which is known to be affected by the local polarity near charge centers, but the impact of which on the complexation of polyelectrolytes remains poorly explored. We developed a homologous series of well-defined polyelectrolytes with identical backbone structures, controlled molecular weights, and tunable local polarity to modulate the solvation environment near charged groups. A multitude of systematic, accurate phase diagrams were obtained by spectroscopic measurements of polymer concentrations via fluorescent labeling of polycations. These phase diagrams unambiguously revealed that the liquidlike coacervation is more stable against salt addition at reduced local polarity over a wide range of molecular weights. These trends were quantitatively captured by a theory of complexation that incorporates the effe...
Treatment of Extensor Tendon Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background Patellar or quadriceps tendon ruptures after total knee arthroplasty constitute a devastating complication with historically poor outcomes. With advances in soft tissue reconstruction and repair techniques, treatment has become more nuanced. Numerous graft options for reconstruction and suture techniques for repair have been described but there is no consensus regarding optimal treatment. Methods A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus was conducted. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed. Type of intervention performed, type of injury studied, outcome measures, and complications were recorded. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Results Twenty-eight articles met inclusion criteria. The complication rate after repair of patellar tendon (63.16%) was higher than the complication rate after repair of quadriceps tendon (25.37%). However, the complication rate for patellar and quadriceps tendon tears after autograft, allograft, or mesh reconstruction was similar (18.8% vs 19.2%, respectively). The most common complication after extensor mechanism repair or reconstruction was extension lag of 30° or greater (45.33%). This was followed by re-rupture and infection (25.33% and 22.67%, respectively). Early ruptures had a higher overall complication rate than late injuries. Conclusion Extensor mechanism disruption after total knee arthroplasty is a complication with high morbidity. Reconstruction of patellar tendon rupture has a much lower complication rate than repair. Our findings support the recommendation of patellar tendon reconstruction in both the early and late presentation stages. Quadriceps rupture can be treated with repair in early ruptures or with reconstruction in the late rupture or in the case of revision surgery.
MO‐A‐211‐01: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a rotational approach to the delivery of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) that can be delivered on a conventional linear accelerator. VMAT combines the dosimetric advantages of rotational delivery with the dose painting capabilities of IMRT. In recent years, VMAT has become a widely adopted clinical tool due to the conformal nature of the dose distributions and the efficiency of VMAT delivery. In this session, we will provide an overview of the VMAT delivery technique and will describe recommended steps for starting a VMAT program including VMAT commissioning. We will discuss tips and tricks for the use of VMAT for key clinical sites such as head‐and‐neck and prostate. Additionally, we will detail the role of VMAT for stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT). More advanced VMAT topics will also be discussed such as flattening filter free VMAT, gated VMAT, and the use of couch rotations during VMAT delivery. Learning Objectives: 1. Describe volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). 2. Describe commissioning of a VMAT delivery system. 3. Summarize the key elements of starting a VMAT program. 4. Review patient‐ and machine‐specific VMAT quality assurance. 5. Survey VMAT treatment planning systems and planning techniques. 6. Describe advanced VMAT techniques such as gated VMAT and flattening filter free VMAT. Conflict of Interest: Richard Popple has a sponsored research agreement with Varian. David Shepard has a sponsored research agreement with Elekta.