cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chiropractic Care for Spine Conditions: Analysis of National Health Interview Survey

Objective: To estimate the use of chiropractic care and perceived value for spinal conditions. Methods: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from the Sample Adult for 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 and the Adult Alternative Medicine for 2002, 2007, and 2012 files were analyzed. National Population Estimates (NPE) was generated by applying the complete survey design structure. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated to explore the likelihood that the respondents reporting spine-related problems would see Doctors of Chiropractic (DC) or other providers compared to those reporting no spine-related problems. Results: Reported use of chiropractic increased from 7.61% in 1997 to 10.11% in 2012 (p-value<0.001); the NPE increased by 8,023,162 adults. The OR of seeing a DC among those with the spine-related complaint was significantly higher (ranging over time from 4.31 to 3.09) than other providers, except in 2012 in which physical therapists were highest. For respondents reporting spine-related complaints, the OR was 2.40 (95%CI=1.28-4.50) for using chiropractic compared to osteopathic manipulation. Respondents with spine-related conditions were more likely to have a DC as their personal healthcare provider [OR(95%CI=3.48(2.60-4.65)]. Over 96% of those who did reported that it helped and were less likely to report using prescription medication [OR(95%CI) = 0.44(0.35-0.55)], over-the-counter medication [OR(95%CI) = 0.80(0.65-0.99)], surgery [OR(95%CI) = 0.35(0.23-0.52)], or physical therapy [OR(95%CI)=0.50(0.40-0.63)]. They were less likely to report receiving a recommendation from a medical doctor to seek chiropractic manipulation [n=224 (19.15%); OR(95%CI=0.49(0.39-0.62)]. Conclusion: The general use of chiropractic in the United States is slowly increasing but utilization is still low compared to that of primary care providers like MDs and NPs. A majority of NHIS 2012 respondents with spine-related problems used chiropractic manipulation for treatment and those who did were more likely to report that it helped and less likely to report using prescription and over-the-counter medications, surgery or physical therapy. Yet chiropractic care was hardly being recommended by medical doctors.
Social Skills Training for Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Meta-analysis of In-person and Technological Interventions.

Social skills training (SST) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has traditionally focused on face-to-face (F2F-SST) interventions. Recently, Behavioral Intervention Technologies (BITs-SST) have been utilized to target social skills deficits using computer-based programs, avatars, and therapeutic robots. The present meta-analysis reviews recent evidence and compares the efficacy of 14 F2F-SST and four identified BITs-SST intervention trials for youth with ASD. These preliminary analyses did not indicate significant differences between F2F-SST and BITs-SST, with effect sizes consistently in the medium to high range (g = 0.81 and g = 0.93, respectively). These findings provide initial support for the continued investigation of BITs for providing SST to youth with ASD.
Distributed representations for human inference

Neural representations can be characterized as falling along a continuum, from distributed representations, in which neurons are responsive to many related features of the environment, to localist representations, where neurons orthogonalize activity patterns despite any input similarity. Distributed representations support powerful learning in neural network models and have been posited to exist throughout the brain, but it is unclear under what conditions humans acquire these representations and what computational advantages they may confer. In a series of behavioral experiments, we present evidence that interleaved exposure to new information facilitates the rapid formation of distributed representations in humans. As in neural network models with distributed representations, interleaved learning supports fast and automatic recognition of item relatedness, affords efficient generalization, and is especially critical for inference when learning requires statistical integration of noisy information over time. We use the data to adjudicate between several existing computational models of human memory and inference. The results demonstrate the power of interleaved learning and implicate the use of distributed representations in human inference.
Chapter 8 Understanding Indeterminism

Abstract I examine different varieties of determinism that have been proposed in the context of the hole argument, and describe the basic intuitive idea of determinism. I argue that substantivalists should embrace the indeterminism of the hole argument, because this does most justice to the basic intuitive idea of determinism.
Fenretinide-induced Caspase 3 Activity Involves Increased Protein Stability in a Mechanism Distinct from Reactive Oxygen Species Elevation

Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that displays a broad range of biological effects and has also demonstrated clinical efficacy as a chemopreventative agent. One cellular activity of 4-HPR is its ability to induce apoptosis. This effect has been proposed to relate to changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species. We show herein that a 1-h treatment of HL-60 cells with 4-HPR led to a dose-dependent increase in hydroperoxides. Pretreatment of cells with the antioxidant vitamin C abolished apoptosis, measured as the appearance of the sub-G1 peak, in 4-HPR-treated cells. The retinoid also elicited a 3.6-fold increase in caspase 3 activity; however, this increase was not affected by vitamin C treatment. Analysis of caspase 3 protein expression by Western blot analysis revealed that 4-HPR resulted in a significant increase in the appearance of the active p17 subunit without effecting a concomitant change in p32 procaspase 3 levels. Studies on de novo synthesis and stability of caspase 3 by pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation methods show that 4-HPR-treated samples had decreased incorporation of radioactive amino acid precursors into newly synthesized procaspase 3 but, during the chase (for up to 9 h), had more labeled caspase 3 remaining when compared with controls. These studies suggest that 4-HPR may effect changes in caspase 3 activity by modulating changes in zymogen stability by a mechanism distinct from the retinoid-elicited increase in reactive oxygen species.
IL-21 blocks B cell death from BCR-delivered TLR9 agonists and upregulates both AID and T-bet (LYM6P.773)

A growing literature implicates the B cell receptor (BCR), Toll-like receptors (TLR), and survival cytokines or costimulation in the etiology of SLE and other humoral autoimmune diseases. Our lab has found that BCR-delivered TLR9 ligands yield a unique post-proliferative cell death that limits responses to DNA-linked antigens. Furthermore, death via this mechanism is rescued by the survival cytokine BLyS. However, here we show that BLyS is not unique in its capacity to rescue this cell death. Indeed, T cell-derived survival signals including CD40L, IL-4, and IL-21 similarly rescue B cells from BCR delivered TLR9 agonists. All of these stimuli also induce AID, which is required for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. However, IL-21 uniquely upregulates T-bet in the context of TLR9 stimulation. Further, we show that IL-21 induces antibody secretion to the IgG2b and IgG2c isotypes. As these isotypes have been implicated in humoral autoimmunity, our findings suggest that IL-21 may be involved in the production of DNA autoantibodies.
An Introduction to the Special Issue on Innovations in Family Therapy for Eating Disorders

A glance at the history of eating disorders illustrates the central role families have been thought to occupy since some of the earliest accounts of anorexia nervosa (AN), which offered rich clinic...
Connected kids: designing database software for web-based information dissemination to multiple audiences

Connected Kids (CK) is a web-accessible database application whose purpose is to disseminate information about activities and resources for youth in Troy, NY (hometown of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) and surrounding Rensselaer County. Our principal partner in the design and implementation of this community information system has been Troy City Government, which has provided cost-sharing, direct support, and leadership in advocating for the project. Other partners in this project are approximately 20 not-for-profit and government organizations that provide recreational activities for youth, arts and cultural education, and a variety of social and employment services. Representatives of these organizations have been involved in focus groups discussions to consider the initial direction of the project, participatory design with respect to the design of most functionalities, usability testing of data input pages, and now actual data input. We have also involved middle and high school students, parents, and teachers and social support personnel in focus group discussions about the project in an effort to design system functionalities from multiple perspectives. A working prototype of the system now operates reliably and we hope to go live with it in the very near future.
Development of Improved Algorithms and Multiscale Modeling Capability with SUNTANS

Abstract : The long-term goal is to develop a parallel ocean simulation tool that is capable of simulating processes on a wide range of scales by coupling two vastly different codes, namely the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS, Shchepetkin and McWilliams (2005)), and the Stanford Unstructured Nonhydrostatic Terrain-following Adaptive Navier-Stokes Simulator (SUNTANS, Fringer et al. (2006)). The tool will adaptively nest SUNTANS, an unstructured-grid, coastal-scale code, into ROMS, a curvilinear grid, regional-scale code, in regions where the motions are small-scale and so nonhydrostatic. The nested tool will be applied to study highly nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea in order to develop an improved understanding of mechanisms that govern their generation, propagation, and dissipation. The primary objective is to enhance the capabilities of the SUNTANS model through development of algorithms to study multiscale processes in estuaries and the coastal ocean. This involves development of 1) improved momentum and scalar advection on unstructured, staggered grids, 2) accurate and efficient algorithms for solution of the nonhydrostatic pressure, and 3) adaptive grid capabilities with adaptive mesh refinement and model nesting.
Mutual exclusion between an infecting phage and a carried phage.

When bacteria are simultaneously or consecutively infected by two dissimilar phages, any one bacterium yields, upon lysis, phage particles of one or the other of the parental types, never of both types (Delbruck and Luria, 1942; Delbruck, 1945). This phenomenon has been called mutual exclusion; the mechanism responsible for it is at present unknown. Recent work by Lwoff and his collaborators has opened for quantitative studies a new field of phage research: lysogenesis. Lwoff and Gutmann (1950) have shown that in lysogenic strains of bacteria the ability to yield phage is carried by the bacteria through many generations. The phage is presumed to be carried intracellularly in a noninfective form called prophage. The conversion from prophage into infective phage can be initiated simultaneously in all the bacteria of a culture by irradiation with a small dose of ultraviolet light (Lwoff, Siminovitch, and Kjelgaard, 1950), or by exposure to certain compounds containing sulfhydryl groups (Lwoff and Siminovitch, 1951). About 60 minutes after applying the inducing treatment, each bacterium lyses, liberating many phage particles. We were interested in testing whether mutual exclusion would occur between carried phage, on its way to maturity by virtue of the inducing treatment, and a different phage introduced from the outside at various times during the maturation period. If the external phage can exclude the carried phage, then any mechanism of exclusion operating by erecting a block at the invasion stage of the bacterium by the phage would be ruled out. A system which is suitable for such studies consists of the Escherichia coli, strain K12, its carried phage λ, and one of the phages of the T series. Strain K12 is sensitive to the seven phages of the T series, but T5 was employed in this study because of a combination of two advantageous features. First, it registers on strain K12 with the same efficiency of plating as on strain B, its normal host strain. Second, its long latent period gives greater freedom for a number of manipulations. A disadvantage of phage T5 is its very low rate of adsorption on strain K12, even lower than on strain B. This complicates the techniques in various ways and necessitates additional controls.
Ataxia-telangiectasia associated with sarcoidosis.

Abstract: Ataxia-telangiectasia and sarcoidosis are diseases characterized by abnormalities of the immune system. We examined a 13-year-old female with ataxia-telangiectasia who developed atrophic, violaceous plaques of the skin and a destructive, polyarticular arthritis. The histologic features of both skin and synovium were most consistent with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Interaction of these two immunologic disorders may have resulted in the unusual features of this patient's disease.
Literacy Coach Role Implementation: How District Context Influences Reform Efforts:

Purpose: This study examines the outcomes of one regional intermediate school district’s effort to promote literacy coach role implementation in its 20 constituent districts. The findings from this study provide information about the kinds of district-level contexts that influenced literacy coach role implementation and how those contexts were influential. Research Methods: Data were collected from 20 districts that participated in a literacy coach training program provided by the regional intermediate school district. Interviews were conducted in spring 2007 with assistant superintendents or their designees. Findings: Districts’ implementation of literacy coach roles was influenced by four contextual factors: state and national reform, finances, student performance data, and existing roles and programs. Variations in these factors were associated with differences in districts’ implementation of literacy coach roles. Implications: This study has implications for how districts understand their role in relation to schools and the implementation of reforms.
The adsorption and decomposition of carboxylic acids on Al (111)

Electron energy loss Spectroscopy has been used to investigate the interaction of formic acid and acetic acid with Al(111). Both carboxylic acids react with clean Al(111) at 120 K to form the corresponding surface carboxylate species, formate and acetate. Both carboxylates bond in a symmetric bridging geometry, formate with C2v symmetry, acetate with Cs symmetry. Molecular adsorption of the carboxylic acid occurs at 120 K only after saturation of the surface carboxylate layer has been reached. Thermal or electron induced decomposition is controlled by oxygen incorporation into the aluminum lattice. This decomposition leads ultimately to a carbon and oxygen covered surface that exhibits a vibrational spectrum characteristic of aluminum oxide.
Thread-associative memory for multicore and multithreaded computing

Presented in this paper is the thread-associative memory microarchitecture for multicore and multithreaded processor design. Memory contention among concurrent threads in chip multithreaded processing has become a limiting factor for performance improvement. The proposed thread-associative memory addresses this challenge by incorporating thread-specific information explicitly into on-chip memory hardware. The proposed technique can be utilized at different levels of memory hierarchy. Furthermore, it is not just a technique for performance enhancement but also a solution for energy efficiency. Trace-driven simulations on a 32KB L1 data cache demonstrate 36.6% maximum performance improvement and up to 15.1% total energy reduction, with 20.3% dynamic energy reduction and 9.9% leakage energy reduction.
Shareholders and Social Responsibility

The article presents an analysis and critique of Milton Friedman’s argument that the social responsibility of business is merely to increase its profits. The analysis uncovers a central claim that Friedman implies, but does not explicitly defend, namely that the shareholders of a corporation have no duty to direct that corporation’s management to exercise social responsibility. An argument against this claim is then advanced by way of a convergence strategy, whereby multiple influential moral approaches are shown to align themselves against Friedman. The convergence strategy shows that Friedman’s position lies on the lonely fringes of Western moral thought, and that at least some of Friedman’s professed adherents appear to offer incoherent moral views. The convergence strategy is shown to suggest, but not entail, a stakeholder model of the corporation. The article concludes by considering two objections.
Controlled loading and release of a model drug from polypeptide multilayer nanofilms

Abstract A major concern of medicine today is the sustained release of therapeutic compounds. Delivery vehicles for such compounds must be biocompatible. Ideally, loading a drug into the delivery vehicle will be a simple process, and vehicle properties will allow control over the drug release profile under desired conditions. Here, polypeptide multilayer nanofilms have been prepared by electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly to study the post-fabrication loading and release of a model therapeutic, methylene blue (MB). Drug loading and release have been characterized by optical spectroscopy for different peptide designs at different pH values, and film surface morphology has been characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Differences in peptide structure have been found to influence MB loading and release under otherwise fixed conditions. Release is also influenced by pH, salt concentration, and number of “capping” layers. Although more research will be needed to exhaust the potential of polypeptide multilayer films, present results would suggest that the technology holds considerable promise for applications in medicine.
The limiting distribution of the divisor function

Let σα(n) be the sum of the αth power of the positive divisors of n. We establish an asymptotic formula for the natural density of the set of integers n that satisfy σα(n)/nα⩾t, as t→∞. Two other limiting distributions considered are based on Jordan's totient function and Dedekind's psi function.
Significance of shortening of the mean QRS duration of the standard electrocardiogram in patients developing peripheral edema.

An electrocardiographic syndrome was reported recently linking a gradual decrease in the QRS potentials of the standard electrocardiogram (ECG) with a parallel development of peripheral edema in patients with a critical illness of varying etiology. 1 In that study, a decrease in the sums of QRS amplitude of 12-lead ECGs (QRS) correlated well with weight gain (r 0.61, p 0.0005). Perusal of the daily ECGs from that study revealed gradual shortening of the mean QRS duration. To investigate this matter further, a documentation of the decrease in the mean QRS duration and an analysis of its relation with weight and QRS was carried out. The objectives of this study were: (1) to define whether mean QRS duration correlates with weight gain; (2) to determine whether it has any advantages when compared with QRS in predicting weight gain; and (3) to determine whether it provides a better indicator of weight gain when combined with QRS in a form of a product. Speculation as to the mechanism of decrease in the mean QRS duration consequent to weight gain is also included in this study. ••• The study population and the methods employed have been previously described. 1 For the purposes of this study, data from the consecutive series of 28 patients with peripheral edema admitted to our Coronary Care Unit in 1999 with a critical illness were reevaluated. The patients had daily weights and electrocardiographic tracings recorded. Information on percent change of weight from admission to the point of peak weight value, and half-weight gain were used as study parameters. The QRS and mean QRS duration and the percent change of QRS and mean QRS duration from admission to the peak weight and half-weight points were also considered. In addition, a composite variable consisting of the product of QRS and mean QRS duration of the corresponding ECG was included. QRS was calculated as the sum of the QRS complex amplitudes (highest positive lowest negative deflection) of all electrocardiographic leads, measured to the nearest 0.5 mm, using a magnifying glass and calipers (Figure 1). The average of measurements of 3 consecutive beats was used for ECGs of patients with atrial fibrillation. The Hewlett-Packard (now acquired by Royal
Second Catwalk: Narrative, Context, and Embodiment.

Abstract Without imagination, nothing in the world could be meaningful. Without imagination, we could never make sense of our experience. Without imagination, we could never reason toward knowledge of reality. (Johnson, 1987, p. ix) We human beings have bodies. We are “rational animals,” but we are also “rational animals,” which means that our rationality is embodied. The centrality of human embodiment directly influences what and how things can be meaningful for us, the ways in which these meanings can be developed and articulated, the ways we are able to comprehend and reason about our experience, and the actions we take. Our reality is shaped by the patterns of our bodily movement, the contours of our spatial and temporal orientation, and the forms of our interaction with objects. It is never merely a matter of abstract conceptualizations and propositional judgments. (Johnson, 1987, p. xix) A “voice” emerges somehow, somewhere in that brain before us. It mostly talks to itself (and what does that mean?). It narrates his life story. It is the voice of Neil. He didn't have it when he was born, but he was telling stories by the age of four and his inner voice was full blown before he reached his fifth birthday. How did he create it? (Calvin & Ojemann, 1994, p. 17)
Abstract B48: Targeting SETD2 knockout cells: A synthetic lethal approach to treating ccRCC

Background: Kidney cancer is estimated to affect 65,150 newly diagnosed individuals in 2013. Approximately 70% of these diagnoses will be clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Many targeted therapies for ccRCC are currently being pursued, as ccRCC is resistant to radiation and often does not respond to chemotherapy. The most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in ccRCC is VHL, located on chromosome 3. The loss of chromosome 3p is a high frequency event in ccRCC, which often also encompasses the genes PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2. Mutations in one or more of these genes represent the next most common common genetic alterations in ccRCC. In our preliminary data, we have observed that mutations in SETD2, in particular, area associated with global deficits in chromatin packaging and organization. Methods: We are pursuing the opportunity to exploit SETD2 loss as a source of cellular fragility by performing a small molecule screen on SETD2 wild type and SETD2 knockout cell lines. We will use a screening set of epigenetically targeted compounds to perform a high throughput screen with cell viability as the endpoint, as well as use a selected few compounds to compare effect on wild type and knockout cells in a more in depth manner. Results: Preliminarily, we have tested SETD2 knock-down lines to confirm that we can effectively preform all aspects of this screen. In our current studies, we are repeating testing with the selected few compounds and beginning the high throughput screen with a SETD2 knockout cell line. Conclusion: Mutations in chromatin modifying genes in ccRCC present an opportunity for synthetic therapeutic approaches to induce reduced cell viability, as well as to identify unique meaningful interactions between chromatin modifier genes. Citation Format: Catherine C. Fahey, Kathryn E. Hacker, Jian Jin, Ian J. Davis, W. Kimryn Rathmell. Targeting SETD2 knockout cells: A synthetic lethal approach to treating ccRCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Novae Gesneriaceae Neotropicarum XVI: Cremosperma anisophyllum, a new species of Gesneriaceae from the Chocó region of northern Ecuador and southern Colombia

A new species of Cremosperma (Gesneriaceae, tribe Beslerieae) is described from the Choco floristic region of the western Andean slopes of northern Ecuador and southern Colombia. The dorsiventral shoots and strongly anisophyllous leaves differentiate Cremosperma anisophyllum from all other congeners.
Effect of Soybean Sterols in the Diet on Plasma and Liver Cholesterol in Chicks

SummaryEvidence is presented that the addition to the chicks'diet of mixed soybean sterols and of purified sitosterols in the presence of cottonseed oil and cholesterol causes markedly lower plasma and liver levels of cholesterol than the addition to the diet of a mixture of cholesterol and cottonseed oil alone. The possibility is discussed that one or more of the constituents of the mixed soybean sterols interferes with the absorption of cholesterol.
Characterization of trace metal species and measurement of trace metal stability constants by electrochemical techniques

Abstract Differential pulse polarography and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry were used to determine copper, lead, cadmium and zinc complexes of relevance to environmental conditions. The dependency of peak current on pH and alkalinity was interpreted in terms of the variation in the metal species present. Stability constants of copper and lead complexes with carbonate were determined from the magnitude of the shift of peak potential using the method of Lingane. Inclusion of the transfer coefficient, calculated from the peak half-width for electrochemically irreversible systems, was used to determine the stability constant. By using both electroanalytical techniques, the investigator validates the correctness of his results without needing to rely on prior determinations of the stability constant for verification.
Estimation for equivalent thermal conductivity of silicon-through vias TSVs used for 3D IC integration

In this study, thermal performance of 3D IC integration is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the determination of a set of equivalent thermal conductivity equations for Cu-filled TSVs with various TSV diameters, TSV pitches, TSV thicknesses, passivation thicknesses, and microbump pads. Also, a slice model to imitate a 3D memory stacked chip is adopted to verify the accuracy of the equivalent equations. Finally, the feasibility of these equivalent equations is demonstrated through a simple 3D IC integration structure.
Integration of remote sensing data and geographic information system technology for emergency managers and their applications at the Pacific Disaster Center

Craig LabenPaciﬁc Disaster Center590 Lipoa Parkway, Suite 259Kihei, Maui, Hawaii 96753E-mail: claben@pdc.orgAbstract. As new remote sensing data and geographic information sys-tem (GIS) technology becomes available, it is increasingly possible todevelop and provide effective products, services, and tools to the emer-gency management community. GIS technology has become increas-ingly affordable and provides the ability to capture, organize, manipulate,display, and analyze complex collections of geographic data and infor-mation. The Paciﬁc Disaster Center (PDC) has historically provided de-cision support products and services to local, state, federal, and regionalemergency managers in the Paciﬁc Region to assist in all four phases ofdisaster management: mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery.The PDC’s current mission includes the integration of scientiﬁc knowl-edge, remote sensing data and tools, modeling and simulation technol-ogy, weather analysis, digital and information technology, and systemsengineering processes in support of the disaster management commu-nity. Current activities and methods are presented in this paper.
Considerations for determining the degrees of centralization or decentralization in the computing environment

Abstract The advent of distributed data base systems has introduced a bewildering assortment of terms, measurements, and descriptions for managers and users. The complexity which a distributed system introduces in hardware, software, and data allocation provides the major source of misunderstanding and confusion that is reflected in current jargon. This paper proposes a method of definition and measurement which alleviates the terminology and measurement problem. The methodology provides a standardized view of distributed systems and promotes an objective, quantified approach to the classification and selection of such a system.
Mixed-valent oxide-catalytic carbonization for synthesis of monodispersed nano sized carbon spheres

Abstract A mixed-valent oxide-catalytic carbonization process for synthesizing monodispersed carbon spheres at very low cost is reported for the first time. The carbon spheres are formed by catalytic carbonization of natural gas (primarily methane) with the assistance of mixed-valent metal oxides. The catalyst is reusable and the entire synthesis process produces no environmental waste. The product can be controlled by temperature to produce macroscopic quantities and a high percentage (>95%) of nano sized carbon spheres; thus, measurements of their physical properties can be performed easily. The carbon spheres are solid and comprise layered graphitic flakes. The sphere is nucleated from a pentagonal carbon ring, followed by a spiral shell growth. When the sphere grows larger, graphitic flakes of atomic thickness are nucleated on the surface owing to the nucleation of the paired pentagonal-heptagonal (P-H) carbon rings. The combination of the P-H carbon rings with the hexagonal networks produces eight ba...
A sudden collapse in the transport lifetime across the topological phase transition in (Bi 1-x In x ) 2 Se 3

The quantum phase transition from a topological to a conventional insulator in In-doped Bi2Se3 occurs when the topological phase is destroyed by the hybridization of states on opposite surfaces. This is characterized by a sudden change in the transport lifetime, measured by means of optical spectroscopy.
Interaction of metals and alloys with silicon-based ceramics

Silicon-based ceramics have been found to interact chemically with a number of metals and alloys when the materials were placed in physical contact in air at temperatures in the vicinity of 1000‡ C. Among the reaction products found after 100 h were silicides, silicates and carbides and the severity of the interaction depended on the temperature and the ease of migration of free silicon from the ceramic to the metallic phase. The occurrence of these reactions may be deleterious in applications in which silicon based ceramics and alloys are in contact for extended periods at high temperatures.
Estrogen receptors: their roles in regulation of vasopressin release for maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.

Long standing interest in the impact of gonadal steroid hormones on fluid and electrolyte balance has led to a body of literature filled with conflicting reports about gender differences, the effects of gonadectomy, hormone replacement, and reproductive cycles on plasma vasopressin (VP), VP secretion, and VP gene expression. This reflects the complexity of gonadal steroid hormone actions in the body resulting from multiple sites of action that impact fluid and electrolyte balance (e.g. VP target organs, afferent pathways regulating the VP neurons, and the VP secreting neurons themselves). It also reflects involvement of multiple types of estrogen receptors (ER) in these diverse sites including ERs that act as transcription factors regulating gene expression (i.e. the classic ERα as well as the more recently discovered ERβ) and potentially G-protein coupled, membrane localized ERs that mediate rapid non-genomic actions of estrogen. Furthermore, altered expression of these receptors in physiologically diverse conditions of fluid and electrolyte balance contributes to the difficulty of using simplistic approaches such as gender comparisons, gonadectomy, and hormone replacement to assess the role of gonadal steroids in regulation of VP secretion for maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. This review catalogs these inconsistencies and provides a frame work for understanding them by describing: 1) the effect of gonadal steroids on target organ responsiveness to VP; 2) the expression of multiple types of estrogen receptors in the VP neurons and in brain regions monitoring feedback signals from the periphery; and 3) the impact of dehydration and hyponatremia on expression of these receptors.
An Evaluation of Methods of Egg Enumeration

(1951). An Evaluation of Methods of Egg Enumeration. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 79-85.
IV. Implications for the analytic relation and process (Part I. The self as integral subject).

The preceding considerations of the genesis of the self (Meissner, 2009a, 2009b, 2009c) and related reflections on the role of language in the development of the self (Meissner, 2008a, 2008b, 2008c, 2008d) have a significant degree of relevance and implication for the further understanding of the analytic relation and process. These developmental processes and dynamics provide a basis for understanding the role of the self in the therapeutic interaction. As we have seen, while the rudiments of the self arise early in the developmental course, they undergo differential patterns and courses of elaboration and evolution. The concept of the self I am reflecting on in these essays is the selfas-person, embracing the totality of the human person, including all dimensions, characteristics, and properties that we would regard as belonging to the human person, including both body and mind (Meissner, 2001). The self as such is envisioned as a unified and coherent entity describable in distinguishable dimensions articulating aspects of its heterogeneous composition, functioning, and activity. These component aspects were described in the first paper in this series (Meissner, 2009a). To recapitulate briefly, the composition of the self-as-person can be considered from a variety of perspectives: namely, the body self (the self as embodied and as an integrated and internally unified and integrated composite of mind–body), the self-as-agent (the self, coextensive with the body self, considered from the perspective of its functioning as internal source of all of its actions, whether physical or mental, voluntary or involuntary, physiological or personal, conscious or un-
NMDA Receptor-Dependent Regulation of Dendritic Spine Morphology by SAP102 Splice Variants

Membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs) are major components of the postsynaptic density and play important roles in synaptic organization and plasticity. Most excitatory synapses are located on dendritic spines, which are dynamic structures that undergo morphological changes during synapse formation and plasticity. Synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) is a MAGUK that is highly expressed early in development and mediates receptor trafficking during synaptogenesis. Mutations in human SAP102 cause mental retardation, which is often accompanied with abnormalities in dendritic spines. However, little is known about the role of SAP102 in regulating synapse formation or spine morphology. We now find that SAP102 contains a novel NMDA receptor binding site in the N-terminal domain, which is specific for the NR2B subunit. The interaction between SAP102 and NR2B is PDZ (postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/zona occludens-1) domain independent and is regulated by alternative splicing of SAP102. We show that SAP102 that possesses an N-terminal insert is developmentally regulated at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, expression of SAP102 increases synapse formation. Furthermore, the alternative splicing of SAP102 regulates dendritic spine morphology. SAP102 containing the N-terminal insert promotes lengthening of dendritic spines and preferentially promotes the formation of synapses at long spines, whereas a short hairpin RNA knockdown of the same SAP102 splice variant causes spine shrinkage. Finally, blocking NMDA receptor activity prevents the spine lengthening induced by the N-terminal splice variant of SAP102. Thus, our data provide the first evidence that SAP102 links NMDA receptor activation to alterations in spine morphology.
The synthesis of 6-deoxy-6-18F-α-D-galactopyranose (XXII)†

The synthesis of 6-deoxy-6–18F-α-D-galactopyranose from the 6-tosyl-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene derivative, using tetraethyl-ammonium fluoride-18F is described. The synthesis requires 4–4 1/2 hours for completion. The radiochemical yield (activity in compound/starting activity. corrected for decay) is about 15%. Thus 3–4% of the starting 18F– activity is present at the time of delivery, in approximately 0.2 mg of product.
A Survey of Audit Pricing in Ireland

Many studies have been conducted on the market for audit services in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and other countries, but many countries, including Ireland, have not been studied in detail. This paper examines the audit services market in Ireland. The findings indicate broad similarities in the market for audit services in Ireland and countries previously studied. In addition to extending the results of prior studies of the audit services market to a country not previously examined in detail, this study makes an additional contribution by examining whether the large audit-firm fee premium is a general phenomenon or is attributable to specific audit firms. The results suggest that the large audit-firm fee premium documented in many countries may be attributable to only a few large accounting firms rather than to all large accounting firms. In this regard the market for audit services in Ireland may differ from many of the countries previously studied.
Surgery, BCG Immunotherapy, and Multichemotherapy in T3 Stage-3 Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Thirteen consecutive unselected patients suffering from stage-3 bronchogenic carcinomas (12 with T3 tumors and one T2 primary bilateral simultaneous carcinoma) underwent surgical resection followed by intrapleural, deep upper bilateral intercostal injections and oral immunostimulation with living fresh Pasteur strains of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Since the 30th postoperative day, patients were started on intermittent multichemotherapy with suboptimal doses of methotrexate, 5-flnorouracil, and cyclophosphamide associated with oral therapy with BCG. The length of survival in the “study group” was compared to the results observed in nine unselected, consecutive, and concomitant semirandomized patients with T3 stage-3 carcinomas treated with cobalt therapy plus identical immunochemotherapy (control group A). Comparison of results was also made with 69 out of 100 consecutive patients with T3 stage-3 unresectable carcinomas who survived longer than two months after exploratory thoracotomies (control group B), representing the natural course of unresectable cases. Twelve (92 percent) of the 13 patients in the study group survived longer than six months, ten (77 percent) survived more than 12 months, six (46 percent) lived 18 months or more, and five (37 percent) have surpassed the 24th month of survival to date. Differences in survival at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and the average length of survival in the study group to date (19.1 months) are statistically significant when compared to control groups A and B. The quality of postoperative life measured by the performance status according to Karnofsky's scale demonstrates an average of 79.3 percent for the entire study group.
Atomistic processes of surface segregation during SiGe MBE growth

Atomic-scale segregation at step edges during growth is proposed as the origin of ordering in the Si-Ge system. Cross-sectional Z-contrast imaging of as-grown structures reveals that a variety of ordered phase variants can exist at Si on Ge interfaces as a result of vertical segregation during superlattice growth. Long-range ordering in alloys is predicted to arise due to segregation at monolayer or bilayer steps depending on the evolving surface morphology.
Double-tapered cementless stems for total hip arthroplasty

The cementless double-tapered wedge femoral stem is an older concept which is currently enjoying renewed interest as a result of years of clinical experience with excellent results. The concept is based on several important design characteristics. Primarily, the entire stem is tapered from proximal to distal in both the coronal and sagittal planes. This geometry promotes proximal fixation with subsequent load transfer from the stem to bone and provides initial rotational stability. A variety of metaphyseal sizes are generally available but are probably unnecessary. The material utilized to fabricate the stem should promote biologic fixation. Currently, titanium alloys are favored over cobalt alloys. The surface should also promote bone ingrowth. Circumferentially porous coated, plasma sprayed, or fully corundumized stems are currently in use. The tapered and polished distal stem design intentionally prevents distal fixation. These characteristics help achieve precise proximal fixation and loading. The advantages of double-tapered cementless stems are: (1) the technique is quick and easy, (2) bone is compacted rather than milled away, (3) highly active cancellous bone is in direct contact with the prosthesis circumferentially, (4) no reaming of the diaphysis is required, and (5) the prosthesis is rotationally stable. The only disadvantage is the potential for fracturing the femur while seating the implant.
Carbon monoxide in the South Pacific Ocean

During a recent oceanographic cruise (November 1972) of the U.S. Coast Guard ice-breaker GLACIER, both surface sea water and atmospheric samples were collected for CO analysis. The ship followed a cruise track from Long Beach, California to McMurdo Sound in the Antarctic. Atmospheric carbon monoxide concentrations in the south Pacific were found to be much lower than those measured in the north Pacific, 0.04 ppm to 0.13 ppm, respectively. CO concentrations in sea water of the south Pacific range between 1 and 30 × 10 ?5 ml/l and compare favorably to levels measured in the oceans of the northern hemisphere. In all sea water samples, the carbon monoxide was supersaturated relative to the surrounding atmosphere. Sea water carbon monoxide concentrations were highest in regions of upwelling or water convergence zones. These areas were also associated with high biological activity. Ten vertical profiles of carbon monoxide in sea water were obtained between Long Beach and McMurdo Sound. In general, the carbon monoxide concentration was highest in the upper 30 m with a steady decrease to near 0 concentration at 100 me. Carbon monoxide was also measured in sea ice collected in the Antarctic. The highest concentrations of carbon monoxide was found to be on the bottom of the sea ice. The bottom ice had heavy concentrations of brown algae which penetrated half a meter into the ice. The surface snow exhibited concentrations of carbon monoxide which were comparable to those found in the surface sea water for the same area. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01959.x
POLITICAL DISCOURSE AND ITS SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIABLES

Linguistically, political discourses have generally been discussed within qualitative approaches (e.g., Blackledge, 2005; Chilton, 2004; Chomsky, 2004; van Dijk, 2005; Wodak, 2002). This paper presents tools to design a quantitative research relating political speech with sociolinguistic variables. Notions such as Accommodation Theory (Giles & Powesland, 1997), Audience Design (Bell, 1997), and Identity (Fairclough, 2003; Mendoza-Denton, 2004) shape the rhetorical performance of politicians and explain the importance of sociolinguistic variables within political discourse. Once those realities are correlated, I define social variables (socioeconomic status SEC [Labov, 2001]) and linguistic variables (morphosyntactic, lexical, and pragmatics variables [Schilling-Estes, 2004], address forms [Ervin-Tripp, 1972], vocabulary [Fairclough, 2003]) to develop a sociolinguistic study on a corpus of political discourses. Finally, linguistic variants are proposed and put into practice analyzing Latino American politi...
The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the treatment of sleep disturbance in women with breast cancer: An exploratory study

Objective: The diagnosis of breast cancer, the most common type of cancer among American women, elicits greater distress than any other diagnosis regardless of prognosis. Therefore, the present study examined the efficacy of a stress reduction intervention for women with breast cancer. Methods: As part of a larger, randomized, controlled study of the effects on measures of stress of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention for women with breast cancer, the current analyses examined the effects on sleep complaints. Results: Analyses of the data indicated that both MBSR and a free choice (FC) control condition produced significant improvement on daily diary sleep quality measures though neither showed significant improvement on sleep-efficiency. Participants in the MBSR who reported greater mindfulness practice improved significantly more on the sleep quality measure most strongly associated with distress. Conclusion: MBSR appears to be a promising intervention to improve the quality of sleep in woman with breast cancer whose sleep complaints are due to stress.
LIF measurement of nitrogen metastable molecular state in a compact helicon plasma source

Summary form only given. There is a need for moderate energy fluxes of metastable nitrogen molecules in the growth of thin films of GaN, a wide band gap semiconductor. A laser induced fluorescence technique (LIF) has been developed for the measurement of N2 (A3 u + S , v=4) relative population density and flow speed in a steady state, helicon discharge at a pressure of 20 mtorr. This particular transition is part of the first positive system of N2 (3 3 A B u g + S reg P ). A coherent 899 tunable ring dye laser is scanned in the range 596.5-597.0 nm to pump the P12(9) rotational line of the (8,4) band of the A + Su 3 state to J=8 of the B3 g P state which then fluoresces by emitting a photon at 645.96 nm (the Q11(8) line of the (8,5) band). A Stanford Research SR830 lock-in amplifier and a 1 nm band pass interference filter in conjunction with optical chopping of the laser are used to distinguish fluorescent emission from spontaneously emitted background light at the same wavelength. A small portion of the laser light is passed through an iodine cell for a consistent zero-velocity reference measurement. With a calibration obtained by previous optical emission spectroscopy measurements and a model to account for reaction pathways in generation and destruction of 3 u A + S , it is possible to infer the density of this state. From the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Doppler broadened fluorescence line, the temperature of N2 molecules can be also inferred and compared with values of the gas temperature obtained by rotational analysis of ro-vibrational emission spectra of 1-0 an d 2-0 bands