cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supply Chain Management with Guaranteed Delivery

We consider a two-stage supply chain under centralized control. The downstream facility faces discrete stochastic demand and passes supply requests to the upstream facility. The upstream facilityalways meets the supply requests from downstream. If the upstream facility cannot meet the supply requests from inventory on hand, the shortage must be filled by expediting, which will incur per unit and setup costs. Such expediting may take the form of overtime production, which occurs at the end of the period and incurs relatively high production costs, or premium freight shipments, which involves building products at the beginning of the period they are needed and shipping them very quickly with relatively high shipping costs. We consider the case where one method of filling shortages is available and determine novel optimal inventory policies under centralized control. At both stages, threshold policies that depend only on the current inventory in the system are optimal; for the total inventory in the system, a base-stock policy is optimal. Numerical analysis provides insight into the optimal policies and allows us to compare the supply chains under centralized and decentralized control.
Localization of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Rat Cochlear Tissue

Distribution of the mineralocorticoid receptor within rat cochlear tissue was studied by immunohistochemistry. Intense immunoreactions of mineralocorticoid receptor antibodies were observed in outer and inner hair cells of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, spiral ligament and spiral ganglion cells. Moderate to weak immunostaining was observed in the spiral limbus and cochlear nerve. Results of this study suggest that cochlear tissue is a mineralocorticoid hormone target tissue.
The Influence of Competition on Children's Social Categories

Two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that information about intergroup competition is central to children's representations of social categories. Children (N = 99, 5- and 6-year-olds) were introduced to two novel social categories, which were described as having competing or noncompeting goals, by varying the quantity of a resource in which both groups were interested. When groups had competing (as compared with noncompeting) goals, children expected category membership to more strongly constrain prosocial and antisocial behaviors, viewed category membership as more fundamental to identity, were more likely to reference categories to explain behavior, and viewed categories as characterized by unique social obligations. Results further indicated that children reliably inferred when goals were competing versus noncompeting based on information about resource quantity. Implications for the conceptual systems that support the development of social categorization are discussed.
Serving the library needs of students with physical disabilities

The University of Missouri‐Kansas City (UMKC) is one of four campuses of the University of Missouri (UM). As an urban university, it is committed to serving the needs of urban society. It provides under‐graduate, professional, and graduate schools, and the university's catalog states UMKC's dedication to public service related to community needs and resources. The University Library's vision statement calls for service supporting the information resources needs of UMKC and the community. In the past two years, the library has pursued fulfillment of this mission by offering improved service to students, staff, and community users with disabilities.
Calcium inhibition of rat liver catechol-O-methyltransferase☆

Abstract The activity of partially purified rat liver catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT) was measured by an assay procedure in which 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was used as a substrate for the enzyme. Optimal enzyme activity was present at a concentration of MgCl 2 of 10 −3 M. The effects on COMT activity of a series of alkaline earth compounds were determined in the presence of optimal concentrations of MgCl 2 . CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 at concentrations of 10 −3 M reduced COMT activity by 63 and 59 per cent respectively. BaCl 2 and Sr(NO 3 ) 2 (10 −3 M) did not decrease enzyme activity, nor did additional MgCl 2 to a final [Mg 2+ ] of 2 × 10 −3 M) did not decrease enzyme activity and 0·50 × 10 −3 M CaCl 2 in the presence of different concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, S -adenosyl-1-methionine and MgCl 2 was determined. In each case Lineweaver-Burk plots of these data were compatible with noncompetitive or “mixed” inhibition.
Endoscopic and Operative Palliation Strategies for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Malignant biliary obstruction, duodenal, and gastric outlet obstruction, and tumor-related pain are the complications of unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma that most frequently require palliative intervention. Surgery involving biliary bypass with or without gastrojejunostomy was once the mainstay of treatment in these patients. However, advances in non-operative techniques-most notably the widespread availability of endoscopic biliary and duodenal stents-have shifted the paradigm of treatment away from traditional surgical management. Questions regarding the efficacy and durability of endoscopic stents for biliary and gastric outlet obstruction are reviewed and demonstrate high rates of therapeutic success, low rates of morbidity, and decreased cost. Surgery remains an effective treatment modality, and still produces the most durable relief in appropriately selected patients.
Neuropsychiatric Conditions Associated With Anesthesia Exposure

Background Although anesthetics have been used for more than a century, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Given that a number of intraoperative and postoperative neuropsychiatric syndromes have been linked to the use of anesthetics, practitioners should familiarize themselves with these conditions. Methods Basic concepts about anesthesia are reviewed and neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with anesthesia exposure described. Conclusions Emergence delirium, postoperative delirium, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and intraoperative awareness can develop in association with use of inhalation anesthetics and intravenously administered anesthetics.
Radiation dose enhancement therapy with iodine in rabbit VX-2 brain tumors.

Summary Loading tissue with iodine enhances the radiation dose absorbed from low energy X-rays. In order to test whether this is a useful procedure for treating brain tumors, we infused radiographic contrast media into rabbits carrying VX-2 brain tumors and delivered 15 Gy of 120 kVp X-rays in 3 fractions to the tumor. From CT scans we estimated that the dose enhancement was approximately 30%. The median survival times, after tumor detection on CT, of untreated rabbits, treated with radiation alone, and treated with radiation plus contrast media were 3, 25.5, 38.5 days, respectively. The repeated infusion of contrast media, 3.5 g of iodine per kg of body weight, did not affect kidney function as measured by serum creatinine levels. This method of enhancing radiation dose in brain tumors therefore appears promising.
An idea whose time has gone

The $60 million a year in public money that is being spent on the Protein Structure Initiative is enough to fund approximately 100-200 individual investigator-initiated research grants.
Clickstream Data Yields High-Resolution Maps of Science

Background: Intricate maps of science have been created from citation data to visualize the structure of scientific activity. However, most scientific publications are now accessed online. Scholarly web portals record detailed log data at a scale that exceeds the number of all existing citations combined. Such log data is recorded immediately upon publication and keeps track of the sequences of user requests (clickstreams) that are issued by a variety of users across many different domains. Given these advantages of log datasets over citation data, we investigate whether they can produce high-resolution, more current maps of science. Methodology: Over the course of 2007 and 2008, we collected nearly 1 billion user interactions recorded by the scholarly web portals of some of the most significant publishers, aggregators and institutional consortia. The resulting reference data set covers a significant part of world-wide use of scholarly web portals in 2006, and provides a balanced coverage of the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. A journal clickstream model, i.e. a first-order Markov chain, was extracted from the sequences of user interactions in the logs. The clickstream model was validated by comparing it to the Getty Research Institute’s Architecture and Art Thesaurus. The resulting model was visualized as a journal network that outlines the relationships between various scientific domains and clarifies the connection of the social sciences and humanities to the natural sciences. Conclusions: Maps of science resulting from large-scale clickstream data provide a detailed, contemporary view of scientific activity and correct the underrepresentation of the social sciences and humanities that is commonly found in citation data.
Hereditary aspects of Graves' disease in infancy and childhood.

Seven newborn infants and young children with Graves' disese are described. The infants' hyperthyroidism was not transient, and the mother of one did not have Graves' disease. Two mothers of young children developed Graves' disease subsequent to the onset of the disorder in their young daughters; two mothers of young children, one deceased, never developed Graves' disease. There was a continuity of the disorder between mother and child not dependent on the in utero relationship. Persistence of the abnormal physiologic state in affected newborn infants was frequent. In the six kindreds there were many patients with both quiescent or active Graves' disease; the age of onset varied from birth to age 60. In addition, some individuals had other thyroid disorders. In all the kindreds, there seemed to be a mother-to-daughter link over several generations. The biologic unity observed is best explained as a fundamental disorder which is incompletely and variably expressed. The probable mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant with a predilection for the female.
Vasoconstriction resulting from dynamic membrane trafficking of TRPM4 in vascular smooth muscle cells

The melastatin (M) transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPM4 mediates pressure and protein kinase C (PKC)-induced smooth muscle cell depolarization and vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries....
Optical Modulation with Nanohole Gratings Made by Nanoimprint Lithography

A silver film perforated with an array of circular nanoholes fabricated by thermal nanoimprint lithography is brought in and out of contact with a quartz superstrate to yield a 60% amplitude modulation in reflectivity.
Generalized triangular transform coding

A general family of optimal transform coders (TC) is introduced here based on the generalized triangular decomposition (GTD) developed by Jiang, et al. This family includes the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT), and the prediction-based lower triangular transform (PLT) introduced by Phoong and Lin, as special cases. The coding gain of the entire family, with optimal bit allocation, is equal to those of the KLT and the PLT. Even though the PLT is not applicable for vectors which are not blocked versions of scalar wide sense stationary (WSS) processes, the GTD based family includes members which are natural extensions of the PLT, and therefore also enjoy the so-called MINLAB structure of the PLT which has the unit noise-gain property. Other special cases of the GTD-TC are the GMD (geometric mean decomposition) and the BID (bidiagonal transform). The GMD in particular has the property that the optimal bit allocation (which is required for achieving the maximum coding gain) is a uniform allocation, thereby eliminating the need for bit allocation.1
First principles calculation of phase stability of high temperature intermetallic alloys

One way to calculate the coherent phase diagram of an alloy based on first principles methods is to compute the ground state total energy for various ordered configurations, from which many-body interactions can be calculated and employed in a thermodynamic model. If the Connolly and Williams method (CWM) is used to extract the many-body interactions from the calculated total energies, the resulting many-body interactions can exhibit a strong dependence on the choice of ordered configurations and multi-site clusters, and the accuracy and convergence of the CWM energy expansion is not assured. To overcome this difficulty, a successful systematic method for implementing the CWM is proposed. This approach is applied to a study of the fcc-based Ni-V and Pd-V substitutional alloys and these interaction parameters together with the cluster variation method (CVM) are used to calculate phase diagrams. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Comparative Effectiveness of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Versus Surgery for Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose/Objective(s): The clinical benefit of intensity-modulated (IMRT) compared to 3D conformal radiation (3D-RT) has not been wellestablished for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated trends in use of IMRT for stage III lung NSCLC and compared survival and hospitalization outcomes. Materials/Methods: Using SEER-Medicare data, we identified use of IMRT or 3D-RT among 7061 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with stage III NSCLC from 2002-2009. Factors associated with use of IMRT versus 3D-RT were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Overall survival and number of hospital days within 90 days of radiation were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard and negative binomial regression models, respectively. Propensity score adjustment was used to control for clinical and demographic variables. Results: IMRT comprised an increasing proportion of conformal treatments for NSCLC, rising from 3.0% in 2002 to 26.8% in 2009. Patients treated at freestanding versus hospital-based facilities were twice as likely to receive IMRT (17.3% vs 9.5%, adj ORZ 2.0, p < 0.01). IMRT use varied by region, with higher rates in the South (12.8%, adj OR Z 1.13) and West (14.2%, adj ORZ 1.25), compared to theNortheast (9.9%, ref) andMidwest (9.1%, adjOR Z 0.88) (overall pZ 0.03) and in urban versus rural areas (12.5% vs 9.9%, adj OR Z 1.52, p < 0.01). Patients with more comorbidities were more likely to receive IMRT, 11.3% (ref) vs 11.7% (adj OR Z 1.03) vs 14.7% (adj OR Z 1.35) for modified Charlson score 0, 1, and 2+, respectively (overall pZ 0.03). We did not find a difference in IMRT use between stage IIIA and stage IIIB patients (11.8% vs 12.4%, adj OR Z 1.11, p Z 0.19). Patients receiving chemotherapy were more likely to receive IMRT (12.8% vs 10.4%, adj ORZ 1.24, p Z 0.02), though there was no difference in IMRT use among patients having surgery (11.4% vs 12.2%, adj ORZ 0.95, pZ 0.68). With propensity score adjustment, IMRTwas associatedwith greater overall survival (adj HRZ 0.91, pZ 0.03) compared to 3D-RT, though there was no difference in survival among patients receiving at least 25 fractions of radiation (adj HRZ 0.99, pZ 0.83). There was no significant difference in number of hospital days in the 90 days following radiation start (mean 5 days, adj HR Z 1.01, p Z 0.89). Conclusions: When radiation is used to treat locally advanced NSCLC, IMRT is increasingly preferred to 3D-RT. However, among patients receiving potentially curative radiation ( 25 fractions) there was no significant difference in overall survival or time spent hospitalized following treatment compared to 3D-RT. Author Disclosure: A.B. Chen: None. L. Li: None. A. Cronin: None. D. Schrag: None.
Mitochondrial DNA evolution and the application of the phylogenetic species concept in the Cicindela dorsalis complex (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)

Current taxonomy of tiger beetles recognizes a large number of “polytypic” species that represent a conglomerate of closely related, but morphologically distinct forms. Based on ideas of the biological species concept (BSC), it is implicitly assumed that these “subspecies” represent allopatrically separated forms that are potentially interbreeding. We tested the application of phylogenetic species concepts to circumscribe polytypic tiger beetle species using the North American Cicindela dorsalis complex as an example. Individuals from 41 populations of four subspecies and one closely related species were analyzed for their mtDNA haplotypes. A deep phylogenetic subdivision was observed between two groups of populations from two different biogeographic regions. This subdivision did not coincide with the pattern expected from the traditional taxonomy of the group. Within each of the two major clades not nearly as much phylogenetic structure could be detected. The results were used for an evaluation of how the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) is applied by different recent authors.
Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography— Who Needs the Nation-State?

The nation-state has long been under attack from liberal economists and cosmopolitan ethicists alike. But it has proved remarkably resilient and remains the principal locus of governance as well as the primary determinant of personal attachments and identity. The global financial crisis has further underscored its centrality. Against the background of the globalization revolution, the tendency is to view the nation-state as a hindrance to the achievement of desirable economic and social outcomes. Yet it remains indispensable to the achievement of those goals.
Online Training for Working with Student Veterans: A Social Work Elective Course.

Abstract This article describes one school of social work’s innovative online elective course to prepare Masters of Social Work (MSW) students for practice with the military, veterans, and their families. Developed as part of a university-wide Veterans Initiative, this online course keeps the focus on the student veteran and uses best practices of online education. The authors share their strategies and make recommendations for future trainings.
Consumer Search, Market Characteristics, and Price Dispersion: New Evidence from the Retail Markets for Prescription Drugs

Using pharmacy-level price data collected in New Hampshire between 2009 and 2011, this study empirically documents the price distribution in the retail pharmaceutical market, through a dispersion and a price margin analysis. I …rst explore the determinants of price dispersion relating to product, consumer, and market characteristics. Consistent with previous studies, I …nd signi…cant negative relationship between price dispersion and search intensity, which is proxied by both direct and indirect measures. In addition, market power and pharmacy type are shown as important factors determining price margins of top-selling prescription drugs. All results are robust to various measures of search intensity and subsamples.
Modest Levels of Physical Activity Are Associated With a Lower Incidence of Diabetes in a Population With a High Rate of Obesity: The Strong Heart Family Study

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of objectively measured participation in low levels of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included participants free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline ( n = 1,826) who participated in a follow-up examination. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association of steps per day with incident diabetes. RESULTS During 5 years of follow-up, 243 incident cases of diabetes were identified. When compared with participants in the lowest quartile of steps per day ( CONCLUSIONS Modest levels of physical activity are associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes, compared with lower levels of activity.
A special group of users: Instructional faculty

A university user services staff serves a wide variety of users: students, staff, administrators, research faculty and instructional faculty. This paper reports on methods used to provide support to instructional faculty.Short-term, concentrated support offered to instructional faculty includes introductory short courses directed to special groups of students, advanced seminars tailored to individual courses, machine room tours, equipment usage demonstrations, specialized consulting services and documentation. Assisting in setting up common files for classroom use as well as reviewing course assignments, job control language, and logon instructions are frequently sought services.With proper planning and coordination, the jobs of both user services and faculty are simplified to the great benefit of the student and the educational process. Examples of services will be reviewed.
Non‐watson—crick base pairs in ribonucleic acids

The non-Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions in tRNAs are reviewed in relation to the base types (complementary/noncomplementary), glycosyl configuration (cis/trans), and backbone chain direction (antiparallel/parallel). It is found that all but one of the tertiary base pairs, including one within a helix, exhibit non-Watson-Crick pairing schemes regardless of whether or not complementary bases are involved, thus emphasizing that complementary bases are not necessarily engaged in Watson-Crick pairs only. It is suggested that similar non-Watson-Crick pairs may form a significant proportion of the tertiary interactions in other ribonucleic acids (such as ribosomal and viral RNAs) and perhaps also turn out to be important in nucleic acid-nucleic acid and nucleic acid-oligonucleotide interactions. The biological significance of such interactions in “information transfer” should not be underestimated.
A guide to writing case reports for the Journal of Medical Case Reports and BioMed Central Research Notes

Case reports are a time-honored, important, integral, and accepted part of the medical literature. Both the Journal of Medical Case Reports and the Case Report section of BioMed Central Research Notes are committed to case report publication, and each have different criteria. Journal of Medical Case Reports was the world’s first international, PubMed-listed medical journal devoted to publishing case reports from all clinical disciplines and was launched in 2007. The Case Report section of BioMed Central Research Notes was created and began publishing case reports in 2012. Between the two of them, thousands of peer-reviewed case reports have now been published with a worldwide audience. Authors now also have Cases Database, a continually updated, freely accessible database of thousands of medical case reports from multiple publishers. This informal editorial outlines the process and mechanics of how and when to write a case report, and provides a brief look into the editorial process behind each of these complementary journals along with the author’s anecdotes in the hope of inspiring all authors (both novice and experienced) to write and continue writing case reports of all specialties. Useful hyperlinks are embedded throughout for easy and quick reference to style guidelines for both journals.
Digital test program re-hosting considerations and applications

Military electronics enjoy the same advancement and improvements in technology that everyone has come to expect in commercial applications. But military electronics obsolesce much more slowly: instead of each upgrade replacing old technology every few years, each new design adds to the inventory of electronic systems that must be maintained and repaired. This paper examines the problem of upgrading digital test system technology, while both maintaining compatibility with older test programs and minimizing conversion cost. It draws upon experience transporting digital test programs across three generations of Teradyne digital test equipment. Specific attention is given to the design of the current fourth-generation digital test instrument. This instrument adds performance to keep pace with new designs, but also has features that were specifically introduced or retained to ease conversion of old test programs.
Estimating Neuronal Information: Logarithmic Binning of Neuronal Inter-Spike Intervals

Neurons communicate via the relative timing of all-or-none biophysical signals called spikes. For statistical analysis, the time between spikes can be accumulated into inter-spike interval histograms. Information theoretic measures have been estimated from these histograms to assess how information varies across organisms, neural systems, and disease conditions. Because neurons are computational units that, to the extent they process time, work not by discrete clock ticks but by the exponential decays of numerous intrinsic variables, we propose that neuronal information measures scale more naturally with the logarithm of time. For the types of inter-spike interval distributions that best describe neuronal activity, the logarithm of time enables fewer bins to capture the salient features of the distributions. Thus, discretizing the logarithm of inter-spike intervals, as compared to the inter-spike intervals themselves, yields histograms that enable more accurate entropy and information estimates for fewer bins and less data. Additionally, as distribution parameters vary, the entropy and information calculated from the logarithm of the inter-spike intervals are substantially better behaved, e.g., entropy is independent of mean rate, and information is equally affected by rate gains and divisions. Thus, when compiling neuronal data for subsequent information analysis, the logarithm of the inter-spike intervals is preferred, over the untransformed inter-spike intervals, because it yields better information estimates and is likely more similar to the construction used by nature herself.
An impedance transformer with silicon RF MEMS switches

An electronically tunable microwave impedance transformer network that is realized with RF microelectromechanical capacitive shunt switches or RF MEMS varactor devices. Scattering parameters of the impedance transformer obtained from HFSS simulations. Finite element electromagnetic calculations is performed using geometry of the actuated MEMS shunt switch. The performance of the proposed device is tested in Serenade circuit simulator and the simulation results that the loss values are low when the resistive loads were greater than 50 ohm.
A numerical study of one-step models of polymerization: Frontal versus bulk mode

Abstract In free-radical polymerization, a monomer-initiator mixture is converted into a polymer. Depending on initial and boundary conditions, free-radical polymerization can occur either in a bulk mode (BP) or in a frontal mode (FP) via a propagating self-sustaining reaction front. The main goal of this paper is to study the role that bulk polymerization plays in frontal polymerization processes for various one-step kinetics models. We use numerical simulations to study the influence of reaction kinetics on one-dimensional frontal polymerization. We show that the long-time behavior of systems modeled with discontinuous distributed kinetics (e.g. step-function kinetics) significantly departs from the long-time behavior of systems modeled with Arrhenius kinetics. The difference is due to slow BP in the initial mixture of reagents, which influences both the speed and the long-time stability of the reaction front. Further, we show that for distributed kinetics a “true” FP is only possible for a steadily propagating, traveling-wave reaction front. When a front propagates in a pulsating mode, we demonstrate the existence of pockets of unreacted monomer behind the front. These pockets evolve via a bulk polymerization mechanism. A mathematical model of one-step free-radical frontal polymerization is identical to the model of gasless combustion, so bulk reactions play a role in the latter context, as well. However, fronts propagate much faster in combustion than in polymerization, and slow bulk reactions in regions ahead of the burning front can generally be neglected.
Enhanced Sintering of Yttrium‐Doped Barium Zirconate by Addition of ZnO

The influence of transition metal oxides additives, especially zinc oxide, on the densification and electrical properties of doped barium zirconate have been examined. With the use of zinc oxide as a sintering aid, BaZr_(0.85)V_(0.15)O_(3-δ) was readily sintered to above 93% of theoretical density at 1300 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopic investigations showed Zn accumulation in the intergranular regions. Thermogravimetric analysis of the material under flowing CO_2 showed ZnO-modified barium zirconate to exhibit excellent chemical stability. The conductivity, as measured by A.C. impedance spectroscopy under H_2O saturated nitrogen, was slightly lower than that of unmodified barium zirconate. Electromotive force measurements under fuel cell conditions revealed the total ionic transport number to be ~0.9 at 600 degrees C. The combination of electrical and chemical properties and good sinterabifity render ZnO-modified barium zirconate an excellent candidate for reduced temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications.
A Spontaneous Self-Reference Effect in Memory Why Some Birthdays Are Harder to Remember Than Others

The self-reference effect in memory is defined as the memory advantage for materials that have been processed in relation to the self. Existing demonstrations of the self-reference effect rely on laboratory stimuli and use explicit cues to prompt self-relevant encoding. In three studies, we used participants’ memories for birthdays to document a naturalistic case of the self-reference effect that did not depend on explicit self-cues. In Study 1, the birthdays that participants free-recalled were closer on average to their own birthday than would be expected by chance. In Study 2, participants were more likely to remember the birthday of a friend if the friend’s birthday was close to their own, and they were more likely to forget the friend’s birthday if it was distant. In Study 3, we demonstrated experimentally that the self-reference effect occurs for newly introduced individuals. Our findings suggest that the self-reference effect can occur spontaneously in the absence of explicit self-cues if the mater...
Self-Averaging Scaling Limits for Random Parabolic Waves

We consider several types of scaling limits for the Wigner-Moyal equation of the parabolic waves in random media, the limiting cases of which include the standard radiative transfer limit, the geometrical-optics limit and the white-noise limit. We show under fairly general assumptions on the random refractive index field that sufficient amount of medium diversity (thus excluding the white-noise limit) leads to statistical stability or self-averaging in the sense that the limiting law is deterministic and is governed by one of the 6 different types of transport (Boltzmann or Fokker-Planck) equations depending on the specific scaling involved. We discuss the connection to the statistical stability of time-reversal procedure and the decoherence effect in quantum mechanics.
Subcortical projections, cortical associations, and some intrinsic interlaminar connections of the striate cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri).

Laminar lesions made by the thermocoagulation in the lateral striate cortex of Saimiri reveal details of three distinct groups of descending fibers: interlaminar, cortico-cortical, and cortico-subcortical. The two most massive connections originate mainly from layer III. These are the interlaminar fibers terminating in the underlying layer V, and the systematically arranged projection upon area 18. Another cortical projection upon a narrow region in the superior temporal sulcus originates mainly from the infragranular layers, from which originate also the fibers passing to three subcortical structures, viz. the colliculus superior, the medial pulvinar and the griseum pontis. These subcortical projections are sparse compared to the interlaminar and cortico-cortical connections. In particular, no evidence was obtained that the lateral geniculate nucleus receives fibers from the lateral striate cortex. Lesions injuring the white matter, however, produced, in addition, anterograde degeneration in the nucleus praetectalis, three pulvinar nuclei, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pregeniculate nucleus. This degeneration must have resulted from the interruption of fibers originating in areas other than the lateral striate cortex, and passing beneath the site of the lesion. The origin of the interlaminar fibers and of the association fibers upon area 18 provided strong evidence that, in Saimiri's striate cortex, the two sublayers traditionally referred to as sublayers IVa and IVb, actually form part of the conspicuously enlarged layer III which thus is subdivided into three distinct sublayers.
Mapping the geodemographic classifications of migrants' origins and destinations

Abstract Please click here to download the map associated with this article. This paper develops a number of maps which explore the relationship between migrants and the geodemographic classifications of migrants' origin locations or their destinations. Maps are shown for two regions and at two scales: for Greater London at Output Area level, and for England and Wales at ward level. For each region two maps are produced: one showing information about in-migrants, and a second showing information about out-migrants from each area. Each map is shaded according to the most commonly observed origin or destination area type using geodemographic classifications at Output Area and Ward level. The maps show patterns of apparent stability—where migrants come from or depart to socially similar areas, and also reveal a spatial pattern of areas for which there is less apparent stability.
The Other Side of the Coin: NGOs, Rights-Based Approaches, and Public Administration

The majority of the world's population resides in low- and middle-income countries, where the problem of sustainable development is among the most pressing public administration challenges. As principal actors within the international development community, transnational nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play a leading role in piloting a wide variety of development-focused strategies. During the past decade, many of these transnational NGOs, along with the United Nations, have embraced a rights-based approach (RBA) to development as an alternative to traditional service delivery. Despite the growing popularity of RBA among NGOs and other development actors, surprisingly little attention has been paid to understanding the significance of RBA for public administration and for public managers—the “other side of the coin.” Drawing on current research in NGO studies and international development, this article describes several varieties of contemporary rights-based approaches, analyzes their impact on development practices, and examines the intersection of RBA and public administration.
Legal Dilemmas in the Weapons Acquisition Process: The Procurement of the SSN-688 Attack Submarine

On December 1, 1976, the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics submitted to the United States Navy a contract claim for more than $500 million arising from a $2.7 billion contract for 18 Los Angeles class SSN-688 attack submarines. The claim alleged that the payments General Dynamics had received from the Navy under its fixed-price contract were insufficient to cover its actual costs of production. When the claim was settled in 1978, General Dynamics had received cash, tax, and interest benefits worth almost $1 billion.1
Topologies of consolidated ligands for the Src homology (SH)3 and SH2 domains of Abelson protein-tyrosine kinase

Src homology (SH)2 and SH3 domains are found in a variety of proteins involved in the control of cellular signalling and architecture [1,2]. The two domains are frequently found together in the same protein, for example in the Abelson kinase (Abl). SH2 domains recognize motifs that include key phosphotyrosine residues [3], while SH3 domains recognize sequences with multiple proline residues [4]. The interactions between these domains are poorly understood. Here, we describe an approach called "consolidated" ligands to probe structural and functional activities of multidomain proteins. These ligands, having multiple binding portions, may be expected to bind with high affinity and specificity when a linker between the two affine segments is of the correct orientation and length.
Muddling Through Modern Energy Policy: The Dormant Commerce Clause and Unmasking the Illusion of an Attleboro Line

Federal energy policy is haunted by a lingering ghost, the 1927 Supreme Court opinion in Public Utilities Comm’n of Rhode Island v. Attleboro Steam & Electric Co. That decision continues to infuse modern dialogues about our ability to transition to a low or zero carbon economy. The Attleboro Court held that the Dormant Commerce Clause (DCC) bars states from regulating sales of electricity to out-of-state customers. Congress responded to Attleboro by passing the Federal Power Act (FPA) in 1935. But ever since, the ghost of Attleboro continuously haunts efforts to reform the electric grid. Pending before the Supreme Court, for instance, is a case involving the federal government’s ability to regulate demand response (encouraging less or more efficient end use of electricity), and almost in due course Attleboro surfaced in the United States’ brief. Indeed, Attleboro serves as the foundation for most conversations about energy law and it seemly has become almost the sine quo non for all dialogues about the federal state relationship involving energy policy. Oddly, little scholarship examines Attleboro critically. The attached article, Muddling Through Modern Energy Policy, fills that unfortunate gap. It examines the history surrounding Attleboro and why the Court’s decision was dubious then, and of little value today other than as part of the evolution of energy law.
Synthetic biology: Tailor-made genetic codes

Expanding the range of amino acids polymerizable by ribosomes could enable new functionalities to be added to polypeptides. Now, the genetic code has been reprogrammed using a reconstituted in vitro translation system to enable synthesis of unnatural peptides with unmatched flexibility.
Exploration of effects of co- and counter- propagating fields in a four level N-scheme

A four level `N-scheme' atomic system consists of a standard Λ EIT configuration with an additional level being driven by an additional switch field. We theoretically extend our earlier studies of this model to include a counter-propagating, weak probe field. Using a perturbation method, we first focus on an investigation of the dispersion experienced by the weak probe under a variety of conditions including cold and warm samples, as well as weak and strong switching fields. We find conditions in which the forward propagating probe field experiences normal dispersion while the backward propagating field experiences negative dispersion. We next turn to a similar study of absorption in this system and explore regions of high dispersion with vanishing absorption.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour originating from the hepatic falciform ligament

Primary extraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) originating from outside of the GI tract are not uncommon. However, none have been reported to arise from the falciform ligament of the liver. The natural history and prognostic indicators for primary GISTs, while still unclear, have been under much investigation, and some promising therapeutic options have surfaced, including surgical removal and adjuvant chemotherapy with imatinib.
A Structured End-of-Life Curriculum for Neonatal–Perinatal Postdoctoral Fellows

Death in tertiary care neonatal intensive care units is a common occurrence. Despite recent advances in pediatric palliative education, evidence indicates that physicians are poorly prepared to care for dying infants and their families. Numerous organizations recommend increased training in palliative and end-of-life care for pediatric physicians. The purpose of this study is to develop a structured end-of-life curriculum for neonatal-perinatal postdoctoral fellows based on previously established principles and curricular guidelines on end-of-life care in the pediatric setting. Results demonstrate statistically significant curriculum effectiveness in increasing fellow knowledge regarding patient qualification for comfort care and withdrawal of support (P = .03). Although not statistically significant, results suggest the curriculum may have improved fellows' knowledge of appropriate end-of-life medical management, comfort with addressing the family, and patient pain assessment and control.
The Development and Validation of the Behavior and Emotion Expression Observation System to Characterize Preschoolers' Social and Emotional Interactions.

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: This article describes the development and evaluation of the Behavior and Emotion Expression Observation System (BEEOS), a direct observation tool to characterize preschoolers’ social and emotion behaviors during semistructured activities in the classroom. The BEEOS was used to observe 148 Head Start preschoolers, and questionnaires were completed by teachers and parents to provide psychometric comparisons to the observational system. Findings support both the reliability and criterion-related validity of the behavior indicators and emotion expressions that make up the BEEOS. Preschoolers in the current sample engaged in expected patterns of social behavior and emotion expression. Furthermore, both constructs were related to teacher and parent reports of preschoolers’ social behavior, externalizing and internalizing symptomatology, emotion regulation, and perceived emotion expressions. Practice or Policy: Findings suggest that the BEEOS can be used to supplement caregiver report...
Rank-order Tests of Linear Hypotheses

SUMMARY This paper considers tests for linear hypotheses using the ranks of independent observations from an unspecified distribution. By means of results on non-linear estimation of the regression vector P it is shown that the decomposition of, and tests for the sum of squares of ranks proceeds analogously to the usual analysis of variance model. These results are then applied to the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests and a multiple rank correlation coefficient.
Complications of the Gianturco coil in preoperative infarction of renal cell carcinoma.

AbstractPercutaneous artery occlusion has been described for a multitude of clinical problems, including preoperative infarction of the kidney for renal cell carcinoma. The Gianturco wool coil provides a relatively new method for occlusion. Few complications with this device have been reported. We describe our experience with complications in 3 patients and discuss methods of their prevention.
Diagnosis and management of blepharitis: an optometrist's perspective

Blepharitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the eyelid margin and is a common cause of discomfort and irritation among people of all ages, ethnicity, and sex. In general, blepharitis is not a sight-threatening condition, but if left untreated has the potential to cause keratopathy, corneal neovascularization and ulceration, and permanent alterations in eyelid morphology. Historically, blepharitis has been categorized according to multiple structural classifications, including anatomic location, duration, and etiology. The substantial overlap of symptoms and signs from the differing structural classifications has led to initial misdiagnoses, clinical underreporting, and variability in treatment of blepharitis. The multifactorial nature is still not fully appreciated but infection and inflammation have been identified as the primary contributors. Ongoing clinical research continues the pursuit for a treatment panacea; however, long-term management of the underlying causes of blepharitis remains the best clinical approach. Here, we will attempt to review the existing literature as it pertains to clinical management of blepharitis and address a stepwise approach to diagnosis, treatment, and management.
Biophysical and Biochemical Outcomes of Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Promotes Pro-atherogenic Matrix Microenvironment.

Multiple studies support the hypothesis that infectious agents may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Chlamydia pneumoniae is strongly implicated in atherosclerosis, but the precise role has been underestimated and poorly understood due to the complexity of the disease process. In this work, we test the hypothesis that C. pneumoniae-infected macrophages lodged in the subendothelial matrix contribute to atherogenesis through pro-inflammatory factors and by cell-matrix interactions. To test this hypothesis, we used a 3D infection model with freshly isolated PBMC infected with live C. pneumoniae and chlamydial antigens encapsulated in a collagen matrix, and analyzed the inflammatory responses over 7 days. We observed that infection significantly upregulates the secretion of cytokines TNF-, IL-1, IL-8, MCP-1, MMP, oxidative stress, transendothelial permeability, and LDL uptake. We also observed that infected macrophages form clusters, and substantially modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix to an atherogenic phenotype. Together, our data demonstrates that C. pneumoniae-infection drives a low-grade, sustained inflammation that may predispose in the transformation to atherosclerotic foci.
A video-based hyper-focal imaging method for iris recognition in the visible spectrum

We design and implement a hyper-focal imaging system for acquiring iris images in the visible spectrum. The proposed system uses a DSLR Canon T2i camera and an Okii controller to capture videos of the ocular region at multiple focal lengths. The ensuing frames are fused in order to yield a single image with higher fidelity. Further, the proposed setup extends the imaging depth-of-field (DOF), thereby preempting the need for employing expensive cameras for increased DOF. Experiments convey the benefits of utilizing a hyper-focal system over a traditional fixed-focus system for performing iris recognition in visible spectrum.
Optimization of series resistance in sub-0.2 /spl mu/m SOI MOSFETs

The optimization of device series resistance in ultra-thin film SOI devices is studied through 2-D simulations and process experiments. To achieve low series resistance, very thin silicides that do not fully consume the SOI film are needed. A novel cobalt salicidation technology using titanium/cobalt laminates is used to demonstrate sub-0.2 /spl mu/m, thin-film SOI devices with excellent performance and very low device series resistance. >
Field emission arrays for microwave applications

Microelectronic field emission arrays are used to develop a directly modulated cathode for microwave device applications. Results from dc and rf measurements are presented, indicating that an f/sub T/=1 GHz may be attainable under optimal conditions for a simple triode structure. Capacitance measurements at 1 GHz enable us to isolate factors contributing to the total capacitance. >