cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Complexities of Home Cooking: Public Feasts and Private Meals Inside the Çatalhöyük House

Im Allgemeinen ist das Feiern von Festen eine ritualisierte Aktivitat. Der Tierknochenbefund sowie kunstlerische Zeugnisse der neolithischen Siedlung Catalhoyuk in Zentralanatolien unterstreichen die symbolische Bedeutung von Tieren, die fur Feste geschlachtet wurden, sowie deren Rolle in der Erinnerungskultur. Sowohl tagliche Mahlzeiten als auch Feste waren integrale Bestandteile von Haushalten, was darauf hindeutet, dass beide Schlusselkomponenten einer dem jeweiligen Haushalt eigenen Identitat waren. Jedoch wurden die beiden Phanomene innerhalb des Haushalts raumlich grostenteils getrennt gehalten. Der Befund aus Catalhoyuk legt nahe, dass im Neolithikum in Zentralanatolien tagliche Mahlzeiten und das ritualisierte Feiern von Festen zwar unterschiedliche – jedoch jeweils grundlegende und wohl auch sich erganzende – Rollen speziell fur die Identitat von Haushalten spielten. Beide beziehen sich auch auf grosere Teile der ortlichen Gemeinschaft, die sich innerhalb der Haushalte materialisieren. In dieser Hinsicht differieren Feste und Alltagsmahlzeiten jedoch stark. Verzehr; Feste; hausliche Mahlzeiten; Haushalt; Gemeinschaft; Catalhoyuk; Neolithikum
Resuscitation of the pregnant patient: What is the effect of patient positioning on inferior vena cava diameter?

Abstract Study objective Patients in the third trimester of pregnancy presenting to the emergency department (ED) with hypotension are routinely placed in the left lateral tilt (LLT) position to relieve inferior vena cava (IVC) compression from the gravid uterus thereby increasing venous return. However, the relationship between patient position and proximal intrahepatic IVC filling has never assessed directly. This study set out to determine the effect of LLT position on intrahepatic IVC diameter in third trimester patients under real-time visualization with ultrasound. Methods This prospective observational study on the labor and delivery floor of a large urban academic teaching hospital enrolled patients between 30 and 42 weeks estimated gestational age from August 2011 to March 2012. Patients were placed in three different positions: supine, LLT, and right lateral tilt (RLT). After the patient was in each position for at least 3min, IVC ultrasound using the intercostal window was performed by one of three study sonologists. Maternal and fetal hemodynamics were also monitored and recorded in each position. Results A total of 26 patients were enrolled with one excluded from data analysis due to inability to obtain IVC measurements. The median IVC maximum diameter was 1.26cm (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.55) in LLT compared to 1.13cm (95% CI 0.89–1.41) in supine, p =0.01. When comparing each individual patient's LLT to supine measurement, LLT lead to an increase in maximum IVC diameter in 76% (19/25) of patients with the average LLT measurement 29% (95% confidence interval 10–48%) larger. Six patients had the largest maximum IVC measurement in the supine position. No patients experienced any hemodynamic instability or distress during the study. Conclusion IVC ultrasound is feasible in late pregnancy and demonstrates an increase in diameter with LLT positioning. However, a quarter of patients had a decrease in IVC diameter with tilting and, instead, had the largest IVC diameter in the supine position suggesting that uterine compression of the IVC may not occur universally. IVC assessment at the bedside may be a useful adjunct in determining optimal positioning for resuscitation of third trimester patients.
Evaluation of three retrospective exposure assessment methods.

Objective To evaluate three methods for assessing retrospective exposures of acrylonitrile workers. Methods Three methods used to develop historical exposure estimates for a retrospective cohort mortality study of acrylonitrile workers were considered. The first method was deterministic, incorporating estimates of the impact of changes that took place in the workplace. The second method used the ratio of the mean of the measurements for three similar jobs to estimate a fourth similar job. The third method was based on the development of homogeneous exposure groups (HEG). Estimates of acrylonitrile exposure were developed using these three methods and compared with measurement means (observed means) across three categories of airborne exposure concentrations ( or=1 p.p.m.) and three categories based on the number of measurements used to develop the estimate ( or=30). Results The correlation between the estimates and the observed values was about 0.65 for all three methods. Estimates using the deterministic method tended to overestimate the observed means by 17%, but the number of estimates was not above or below the observed means more often than expected. There was no statistically significant relationship between the exposure estimates and the acrylonitrile concentration in the air or the number of measurements used to develop the estimates. The estimates averaged within 60% of the observed means when concentrations were above 0.5 p.p.m. and 25% regardless of the number of measurements on which the estimates were based. Estimates from the ratio method were randomly distributed above and below the observed means and averaged 70% above the observed means. The air concentration did not affect the performance of the method, although above 1 p.p.m. the estimates were within 40% of the observed means. The number of measurements comprising the estimates was related on a relative scale to the performance of the method. Exposure estimates using the HEG method were neither greater nor less than the observed means more often than what was expected. The method did better as concentration and the number of measurements increased. The estimates were within 60% of the means at >0.5 p.p.m. and for all measurement categories. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between the estimates derived from the three estimation methods. Conclusions All methods performed reasonably well, but the deterministic and HEG methods appeared to develop estimates closer to the observed means for concentrations >0.5 p.p.m., regardless of the number of measurements.
Good CoP, bad CoP? Interrogating the immune responses to primate lentiviral vaccines

Correlates of protection (CoPs) against infection by primate lentiviruses remain undefined. Modest protection against HIV-1 was observed in one human vaccine trial, whereas previous trials and vaccine-challenge experiments in non-human primates have yielded inconsistent but intriguing results. Although high levels of neutralizing antibodies are known to protect macaques from mucosal and intravenous viral challenges, antibody or other adaptive immune responses associated with protection might also be mere markers of innate immunity or susceptibility. Specific strategies for augmenting the design of both human trials and animal experiments could help to identify mechanistic correlates of protection and clarify the influences of confounding factors. Robust protection may, however, require the combined actions of immune responses and other host factors, thereby limiting what inferences can be drawn from statistical associations. Here, we discuss how to analyze immune protection against primate lentiviruses, and how host factors could influence both the elicitation and effectiveness of vaccine-induced responses.
Critiquing Empirical Moral Psychology

Thought experimental methods play a central role in empirical moral psychology. Against the increasingly common interpretation of recent experimental data, I argue that such methods cannot demonstrate that moral intuitions are produced by reflexive computations that are implicit, fast, and largely automatic. I demonstrate, in contrast, that evaluating thought experiments occurs at a near-glacial pace relative to the speed at which reflexive information processing occurs in a human brain. So, these methods allow for more reflective and deliberative processing than has commonly been assumed. However, these methods may still provide insight into some human strategies for navigating unfamiliar moral dilemmas.
Pb-free solder paste reflow window study for flip chip wafer bumping

A 2/spl times/3 full factorial experimental design was used to study the effects of peak reflow temperature (235/spl deg/C-265/spl deg/C) and time-above-liquidus (40-60 s) on bump characteristics. Ultra-fine mesh (type 5, -500/+650) Pb-free solder pastes, including Sn96.5Ag3.5, Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7, and Sn99.3Cu0.7 were used on electroless NiP/Au under bump metallurgy (UBM). Belt speed and zone temperature settings of a reflow furnace were used to obtain the desired profiles. A linear ramp profile, with ramp rate of 1.5/spl deg/C/sec was selected after initial profile screening experiments. The reflowed solder bumps were characterized in several categories to obtain an optimal reflow window. These categories included wetting characteristics, solder bump shear strength, shear failure mode, flux residue cleanliness, solder void population, and void size. The lowest peak reflow temperature and time-above-liquidus were established for each solder alloy. A low peak temperature reflow (cooler profile) resulted in fewer and smaller voids in the solder bump than a high temperature, long time-above-liquidus reflow condition. Bump shear strength was consistent for a wide range of reflow conditions. All three Pb-free solders have a reflow process window to bumps with good solder/UBM integrity and uniform bump geometry.
Prediction of relative in vivo metabolite exposure from in vitro data using two model drugs: dextromethorphan and omeprazole.

Metabolites can have pharmacological or toxicological effects, inhibit metabolic enzymes, and be used as probes of drug-drug interactions or specific cytochrome P450 (P450) phenotypes. Thus, better understanding and prediction methods are needed to characterize metabolite exposures in vivo. This study aimed to test whether in vitro data could be used to predict and rationalize in vivo metabolite exposures using two model drugs and P450 probes: dextromethorphan and omeprazole with their primary metabolites dextrorphan, 5-hydroxyomeprazole (5OH-omeprazole), and omeprazole sulfone. Relative metabolite exposures were predicted using metabolite formation and elimination clearances. For dextrorphan, the formation clearances of dextrorphan glucuronide and 3-hydroxymorphinan from dextrorphan in human liver microsomes were used to predict metabolite (dextrorphan) clearance. For 5OH-omeprazole and omeprazole sulfone, the depletion rates of the metabolites in human hepatocytes were used to predict metabolite clearance. Dextrorphan/dextromethorphan in vivo metabolite/parent area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ratio (AUCm/AUCp) was overpredicted by 2.1-fold, whereas 5OH-omeprazole/omeprazole and omeprazole sulfone/omeprazole were predicted within 0.75- and 1.1-fold, respectively. The effect of inhibition or induction of the metabolite's formation and elimination on the AUCm/AUCp ratio was simulated. The simulations showed that unless metabolite clearance pathways are characterized, interpretation of the metabolic ratios is exceedingly difficult. This study shows that relative in vivo metabolite exposure can be predicted from in vitro data and characterization of secondary metabolism of probe metabolites is critical for interpretation of phenotypic data.
The clinical application of genetic testing in type 2 diabetes: a patient and physician survey

Aims/hypothesis Advances in type 2 diabetes genetics have raised hopes that genetic testing will improve disease prediction, prevention and treatment. Little is known about current physician and patient views regarding type 2 diabetes genetic testing. We hypothesised that physician and patient views would differ regarding the impact of genetic testing on motivation and adherence.
Improvement of IBAD MgO template layers on metallic substrates for YBCO HTS deposition

We present our results to improve ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of magnesia (MgO) templates for subsequent YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) deposition. The substrate surface roughness has a significant effect on the initial nucleation texture of IBAD MgO films. We have found that reduction in our substrate surface roughness to /spl sim/ 3.5 nm has resulted in better in-plane texture for IBAD MgO films than those deposited on rougher metal substrates. We have further improved the IBAD MgO deposition parameters by using an in situ reflected high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) analysis tool that allows for monitoring of IBAD MgO growth. We have found a direct correlation between the RHEED generated intensity versus time curve and in-plane texture. Utilizing X-ray diffraction analysis, we have been able to determine the optimum deposition parameters to routinely grow films in batch mode that have a phi scan /spl Delta//spl phi/ from 6 - 7/spl deg/. Coupling the improvements in substrate preparation with optimization of IBAD MgO deposition has allowed for both batch and continuous deposition (termed c-IBAD MgO) on metallic substrates that result in superior superconducting properties. We have demonstrated that deposited meter lengths have had phi scan FWHM values from 8 - 9/spl deg/ with /spl plusmn/ 10% uniformity. Additionally, we have been able to widen the processing zone in our system and coat two, one-meter lengths simultaneously while preserving good texture quality (/spl Delta//spl phi//sub ave/ /spl sim/ 8/spl deg/) and uniformity (60 - 80% of tape length within /spl plusmn/ 5% of /spl Delta//spl phi//sub ave/) for both tapes.
A distributed scheme for fair EV charging under transmission constraints

We propose a distributed decision-making scheme to model the charging of a collection of Electric Vehicles (EV). Each charger individually determines its own charging schedule by iteratively transacting signals with a central authority. The EVs respond to signals from the central location, which sets its incentives to ensure safe operation of the local transmission and distribution grid. We study a model whose purpose is to flatten the load while maintaining the fairness of charging. Our model introduces three unique characteristics to this problem: capacity constraints on the distribution grid, fair rationing of energy supply available under the capacity constraint, and discrete choice of EV charger settings. We present a distributed scheme to solve the large-scale optimization model.
Abnormal deformation behavior in Polysynthetically-twinned TiAl crystals with A and N orientations——an AFM study

Polysynthetically-twinned TiAl crystals were deformed by compression with loading axis parallel and perpendicular to the lamellar interfaces. The deformation structures on the free surfaces were scanned using a dimension AFM with scan directions parallel and perpendicular to the lamellar interfaces. Abnormal deformation behaviors were observed to occur in both orientations. When the compression axis is parallel to the lamellar interfaces, the gamma and alpha lamellae deform primarily by shear in planes inclined with the lamellar interface, while the shear vectors lie in the interface. However, in-plane shear, shear in slip planes parallel to the lamellar interfaces, also occurs along the lamellar interfaces. When the loading axis is perpendicular to the lamellar interface, in-plane shear was found to be dominant at the beginning stage of plastic deformation and contributes more to the macroscopic strain. These behaviors are controversial to the Schmid’s Law since the applied resolved shear stress for these deformation systems is zero. The abnormal phenomenon was explained by the large coherency stresses along the lamellar interfaces.
ADAM15 supports prostate cancer metastasis by modulating tumor cell-endothelial cell interaction.

Using human tumor and cDNA microarray technology, we have recently shown that the ADAM15 disintegrin is significantly overexpressed during the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer. In the current study, we used lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology to down-regulate ADAM15 in the metastatic prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. ADAM15 down-regulation dramatically attenuated many of the malignant characteristics of PC-3 cells in vitro and prevented the s.c. growth of PC-3 cells in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. By inhibiting the expression of ADAM15 in PC-3 cells, we showed decreased cell migration and adhesion to specific extracellular matrix proteins. This was accompanied by a reduction in the cleavage of N-cadherin by ADAM15 at the cell surface. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed reduced cell surface expression of the metastasis-associated proteins αv integrin and CD44. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion and activity were abrogated in response to ADAM15 reduction. In an in vitro model of vascular invasion, loss of ADAM15 reduced PC-3 adhesion to, and migration through, vascular endothelial cell monolayers. Using an SCID mouse model of human prostate cancer metastasis, we found that the loss of ADAM15 significantly attenuated the metastatic spread of PC-3 cells to bone. Taken together, these data strongly support a functional role for ADAM15 in prostate tumor cell interaction with vascular endothelium and the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1092–9]
A Simplified Approach to Design of Fracturing Treatments Using High Viscosity Cross-Linked Fluids

Simple models are presented to evaluate or design hydraulic fracturing treatments using perfect transport fluids. The fracture geometry program calculates dimensions of a vertically contained fracture and the expected productivity ratio for the fractured well. A sand concentration program helps schedule sand to prevent sandouts and to ensure sufficient proppant at the wellbore.
Effect of Curved Radial Vane Cavity Arrangements on Predicted Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) Performance

The demand for significantly higher performance gas turbine engines has led to the exploration and identification of "out of the box" innovative engine design concepts. These demands include increased thrust-to-weight ratio goals that can primarily be met by substantial engine performance increases such as specific thrust, engine weight and size reductions, and repackaging of engine components to create compact engines. Concepts of an ultra-compact-combustor (UCC) for use as a main combustor, or as an inter-turbine burner (ITB) to boost engine work output, reduce pollutant emissions and engine weight are being explored. The available experimental results and observations indicate that UCC/ITB can operate at 95-99% combustion efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions and with flame lengths up to 50% shorter than those of conventional combustors. In the present study the radial curved vane ITB design concept has been modeled using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The objectives are to predict ITB flow field and combustion characteristics, guide ITB experimental investigations, identify the key design parameters driving performance, and use the results to optimize ITB design configurations. The CFD predictions demonstrated that intense burning in a high-g loaded cavity occurred which resulted in high combustion efficiency. Models with the radial vane cavity located in both the suction and pressure side have been developed. The circumferential cavity air is injected through the air injection tubes into the circumferential cavity. The orientation of this injection is used to create both a clock-wise (CW) and a counter-clock-wise (CCW) direction of circumferential flow in the outer cavity, when looking upstream from the aft end of the ITB configuration. The resulting five candidate configurations have been simulated and analyzed in detail. This study indicates improved exit profile characteristics for the curved radial vane (CRV) with the cavity in the suction side and the air injected in the CCW direction, compared to the pressure side cavity with air injected either in CCW or CW direction and CRV with no cavity.
A new spectral deconvolution – Selected ion monitoring method for the analysis of alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex mixtures

A new gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method is proffered for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their alkylated homologs in complex samples. Recent work elucidated the fragmentation pathways of alkylated PAH, concluding that multiple fragmentation patterns per homolog (MFPPH) are needed to correctly identify all isomers. Programming the MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode to detect homolog-specific MFPPH ions delivers the selectivity and sensitivity that the conventional SIM and/or full scan mass spectrometry methods fail to provide. New spectral deconvolution software eliminates the practice of assigning alkylated homolog peaks via pattern recognition within laboratory-defined retention windows. Findings show that differences in concentration by SIM/molecular ion detection of C1–C4 PAH, now the standard, yield concentration differences compared to SIM/MFPPH of thousands of percent for some homologs. The SIM/MFPPH methodology is also amenable to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) and their alkylated homologs, since many PASH have the same m/z ions as those of PAH and, thus, are false positives in SIM/1-ion PAH detection methods.
The impact of childhood cancer on the family: a qualitative analysis of strains, resources, and coping behaviors

Clinical research has led to tremendous improvements in treatment efficacy for most childhood cancers; overall 5-year survival is now greater than 75%. Long-term consequences of cure (i.e. adverse medical and psychosocial effects) have only recently begun to emerge as a primary focus of clinical research, including studies of health-related quality of life among survivors. Usually lacking in such efforts, however, is consideration of the impact of the cancer experience on the family, and the influence that the family's response to cancer has on quality of life in the child. From this qualitative analysis of seven focus groups with 45 parents of children a year or more out of cancer treatment, we report those aspects of a child's cancer diagnosis, treatment, and recovery that parents perceived as particularly difficult for their family, and the resources and coping behaviors parents perceived as helpful to their family in dealing with and managing the cancer experience. Using the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response theoretical model to organize the data, the domains of strains and resources were delineated into themes and sub-themes related to the cancer, child, family, health-care system, and community. Within a third domain, coping, sub-themes were identified within the themes of appraisal-focused, problem-focused, and emotion-focused coping behaviors. Integration of this information should serve to improve future studies of health-related quality of life among children who survive cancer.
Restoring movement after neurological disorders using functional neuromuscular stimulation

Neuroprostheses are systems that use artificial electrical stimulation of paralyzed nerves to restore function. Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) can be used to restore function to individuals with paralysis resulting from a variety of neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury and stroke. This paper provides a sampling of the applications of neuroprostheses that have been made by investigators in the Cleveland FES Center to restore upper and lower extremity function following spinal cord injury. The challenges faced when attempting to apply standard control systems techniques to a multijoint, nonlinear, nonstationary, and sluggish plant (i.e., a paralyzed human limb) are discussed. Current methods of controlling FNS are presented and novel methods of controlling FNS, including measurement of voluntary muscle activity and body-mounted sensors, are reviewed.
On a generalization of the self-implicating structures in diagnosable systems

It is known that among the diagnosable systems modeled as in the model of F.P. Preparata et al. (1967), there exist several subclasses of systems that can be diagnosed more efficiently than the general case. These subclasses include D(n, t, x) systems, self-implicating systems, and systems having connection assignment digraph of node connectivity t, among others. It has been shown that some of these classes are unrelated. It is shown here that there exists a general class of systems that subsumes all these subclasses. This class is a generalization of the self-implicating structure. A characterization of this new class and an efficient diagnosis algorithm are found. >
Integrating mHealth mobile applications to reduce high risk drinking among underage students

Objective:College students embrace mobile cell phones (MCPs) as a primary communication and entertainment device. The aim of this study was to investigate college students’ perceptions toward using...
A Realistic Role for Reference in Wetland Restoration

Wetland restoration projects are often evaluated for success or failure by comparing attributes of restored ecosystems to undisturbed reference ecosystems. This method of evaluation has several flaws, including site-specific responses of restored ecosystems to topographic and geomorphic changes during degradation and restoration, the substantial differences in structure and function of early (restored) and mature (reference) ecosystems, and the inherent variability that exists for ecosystems that may not be represented in reference systems. We need a better framework for evaluating restoration success. Success could be demonstrated by using ecosystem attributes that indicate ecosystem integrity and maturation over time, such as: stable landforms, native plant community development, internal carbon and nutrient storage and cycling, connectivity within the broader landscape, ecosystem heterogeneity, and increasing complexity in species and community diversity. A more realistic role for reference areas in wetland restoration is useful information on structural and functional attributes of ecosystems and an indication of the natural variability that exists in ecosystems that we hope to emulate. Ultimately though, success in wetland restoration depends on our ability to establish conditions that promote ecosystem maturation and integrity and reference systems may be of limited value to evaluate this success.
Non-intrusive assessment of learners’ prior knowledge in dialogue-based intelligent tutoring systems

This article describes a study whose goal was to assess students’ prior knowledge level with respect to a target domain based solely on characteristics of the natural language interaction between students and conversational Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs). We report results on data collected from two conversational ITSs: a micro-adaptive-only ITS and a fully-adaptive (micro- and macro-adaptive) ITS. These two ITSs are in fact different versions of the state-of-the-art conversational ITS DeepTutor ( http://www.deeptutor.org ). Our models rely on both dialogue and session interaction features including time on task, student generated content features (e.g., vocabulary size or domain specific concept use), and pedagogy-related features (e.g., level of scaffolding measured as number of hints). Linear regression models were explored based on these features in order to predict students’ knowledge level, as measured with a multiple-choice pre-test, and yielded in the best cases an r=0.949 and adjusted r-square =0.833. We discuss implications of our findings for the development of future ITSs.
Interleukin-6 is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease: Findings from the CRIC study

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we examined the association between inflammation and AF in 3,762 adults with CKD, enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. AF was determined at baseline by self-report and electrocardiogram (ECG). Plasma concentrations of interleukin(IL)-1, IL-1 Receptor antagonist, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor-β, high sensitivity C-Reactive protein, and fibrinogen, measured at baseline. At baseline, 642 subjects had history of AF, but only 44 had AF in ECG recording. During a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, 108 subjects developed new-onset AF. There was no significant association between inflammatory biomarkers and past history of AF. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, laboratory values, echocardiographic variables, and medication use, plasma IL-6 level was significantly associated with presence of AF at baseline (Odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 2.14; P = 0.001) and new-onset AF (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.53; P = 0.03). To summarize, plasma IL-6 level is an independent and consistent predictor of AF in patients with CKD.
Fantasy Meets Reality: The Pittsburgh Renaissance and Urban Utopias

Laura Grantmyre is an adjunct instructor at Point Park University in Pittsburgh. She earned her PhD in History from the University of Pittsburgh in December 2013. Her article, “They lived their life and they didn’t bother anybody: African American Female Impersonators and Pittsburgh’s Hill District, 1920-1960,” appeared in American Quarterly in December 2011. Her current research shows how visual representations of “blight” and urban modernism encouraged the demolition and redevelopment of Pittsburgh’s Lower Hill District during the 1950s and how Hill District leaders used images to contest the spread of redevelopment into the Middle and Upper Hill during the 1960s.
The sonographic stenosis index: computer simulation of a novel method for detecting and quantifying arterial narrowing.

PurposeWe introduce a new technique for quantifying arterial stenoses, stenosis index (SI), using frequency analysis of the spectral Doppler waveform.MethodsSpectral Doppler waveforms obtained distal to arterial stenoses were enveloped, and the envelope was transformed into the frequency domain via
Female Sports Journalists: Are we there Yet? ‘No’:

While female sports journalists have made their way onto sports desks and into locker rooms, some say they haven't gained acceptance. Now they are asking if the sacrifices of time and family are wo...
Microprocessor Package Embedded Thin Film Capacitor for Power Delivery Improvement

The need for better high frequency performance, improved I/O power decoupling, and introduction of multi-chip processors are just some of the drivers for developing embedded capacitor technologies. One new technology, the Thin Film Embedded Package Capacitor (TFC) can target an improvement in the high frequency performance of the microprocessor power delivery network. Using this technology prototype packages for an Intel Microprocessor were fabricated and the impedance of the power delivery network (PDN) measured. The packages with the embedded TFCs demonstrated a reduction by more than a factor of 2 in the high frequency power delivery network impedance, and correspondingly improved voltage droop.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Calculation and Analysis of Distributive Axises of Guanzhong Urban System

Spatial distributive characteristics of urban system is the basis of regional planning and urban planning.Distributive axis is one of the description of spatial distribution.It is very useful for connecting the functions among the systems,representing the theoretical center of urban system.The authors introduce the parameter estimation parabola fit method,using the urban population、GDP as the parameters,get the landscape orientation and portrait distributive axis of Guanzhong Urban System.Based on these results,the authors analyse the development of Guanzhong Urban System combined with the government northward movement and the integration of Xi'an and Xianyang,and give some advises to the development of Guanzhong Urban System.
Age-Related Memory Loss and Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Interactive Web-Based Educational Intervention Study (S27.006)

OBJECTIVE: Assess the effectiveness of an interactive, web-based educational intervention on differentiating between age-related memory loss and Alzheimer9s disease. BACKGROUND: Despite waiting room brochures and current educational efforts of physicians, patients and caregivers are concerned about cognitive decline, but do not have a clear understanding of the differences between Age-Related Memory Loss (ARML) and Alzheimer9s disease (AD). A pilot study is ongoing to evaluate effectiveness of an interactive, web-based educational intervention, as well as to assess the need for such educational tools. DESIGN/METHODS: A brief interactive online web module presentation was created using Articulate Studio and Microsoft PowerPoint. The module provides an overview of ARML and AD, as well as various interventions that may offer therapeutic benefit against cognitive decline. Participants include patients, caregivers, medical students, and residents-in-training. Patients/caregivers are recruited via the Memory Disorders Clinic at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, social networking sites (e.g., www.Facebook.com), community health fairs, websites and e-mail invitations for targeted audiences interested in memory loss and AD (e.g., www.TherapyForMemory.org). Informed consent is obtained prior to participant randomization in two groups: Group 1 receives the web module intervention in addition to online educational links from the Alzheimer9s Association; Group 2 only receives online access to educational links from the Alzheimer9s Association. A pre-intervention assessment is completed prior to randomization, with a post-intervention quiz and survey following the education. RESULTS: Although there is no significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores, interim data is trending towards greater score improvement with the interactive learning module intervention (average point increase 11.75 versus 6.4, p=0.31). CONCLUSIONS: While the study is ongoing, preliminary data suggests greater knowledge improvement and participant satisfaction with an interactive web module when compared to reading materials alone. Continued testing focuses on evaluating user perception for this educational alternative, and feasibility of implementation across a variety of settings. Supported by: Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Neurology. Disclosure: Dr. Hughes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fajardo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Isaacson has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis and Accera as a consultant.
Social Media Assessment for Marketing Students: The Klout Challenge

This paper discusses a class project created by the author titled: “The Klout Challenge”, which helps students gain engagement skills and the capacity to influence within social media. The Klout Challenge helps to fill the void of students failing to develop experience with social media tools for marketing application. This project uses an independent online metric available from Klout.com to assess students’ level of social media influence. The impact of this project stretches beyond the classroom, as some hiring firms are beginning to assess applicants’ Klout scores. Therefore, students who successfully put effort into this project are likely to appear more attractive as job applicants. Educators can use this paper’s five-step implementation plan to adapt this project into a marketing or advertising class.
Linear predictors for nonlinear dynamical systems: Koopman operator meets model predictive control

This paper presents a class of linear predictors for nonlinear controlled dynamical systems. The basic idea is to lift (or embed) the nonlinear dynamics into a higher dimensional space where its evolution is approximately linear. In an uncontrolled setting, this procedure amounts to numerical approximations of the Koopman operator associated to the nonlinear dynamics. In this work, we extend the Koopman operator to controlled dynamical systems and apply the Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) to compute a finite-dimensional approximation of the operator in such a way that this approximation has the form of a linear controlled dynamical system. In numerical examples, the linear predictors obtained in this way exhibit a performance superior to existing linear predictors such as those based on local linearization or the so called Carleman linearization. Importantly, the procedure to construct these linear predictors is completely data-driven and extremely simple – it boils down to a nonlinear transformation of the data (the lifting) and a linear least squares problem in the lifted space that can be readily solved for large data sets. These linear predictors can be readily used to design controllers for the nonlinear dynamical system using linear controller design methodologies. We focus in particular on model predictive control (MPC) and show that MPC controllers designed in this way enjoy computational complexity of the underlying optimization problem comparable to that of MPC for a linear dynamical system with the same number of control inputs and the same dimension of the state-space. Importantly, linear inequality constraints on the state and control inputs as well as nonlinear constraints on the state can be imposed in a linear fashion in the proposed MPC scheme. Similarly, cost functions nonlinear in the state variable can be handled in a linear fashion. We treat both the full-state measurement case and the input–output case, as well as systems with disturbances/noise. Numerical examples demonstrate the approach.
SEVERE SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME WITH MULTI-ORGAN FAILURE FOLLOWING ZOLEDRONIC ACID INFUSION

ABSTRACT Objective: We report a new, life-threatening adverse effect of zoledronic acid. One of the adverse effects of zoledronic acid is acute phase reaction (APR). Mild APR is characterized by arthralgia, myalgia, headache, and fever, which are usually self-limiting. Here, we present a case of severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following zoledronic acid infusion, leading to multi-organ failure. Methods: A 63-year-old female presented to the emergency department with fever, headache, and myalgia within hours after zoledronic acid infusion. Approximately 24 hours later, she developed progressive weakness and confusion. She was febrile, tachycardic, and tachypneic on presentation. Subsequently, she developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, stress or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, shock with hypotension, and acute tubular necrosis with acute kidney failure. Results: All infectious work-up was unrevealing. She was diagnosed with severe SIRS leading to multi-organ failure. She needed aggres...
The Strategic Instruction Model: The Less Addressed Aspects of Effective Instruction for High School Students with Learning Disabilities

In this article, we discuss research supporting the Strategic Instruction Model's™ (SIM) effort to address higher order reasoning and thinking skills in two lines of programmatic research. We review the extant body of evidence supporting the two lines of the SIM library, the Content Enhancement Routines and a comprehensive reading program, and the impact that the materials have on high school students with learning disabilities (LD). This body of research includes studies utilizing multiple research designs including randomized control trials, single case multiplebaseline, quasi-experimental comparison group, single group, and descriptive data analysis. We have included studies that have been conducted with a SIM comprehensive reading program and instructional routines that reflect higher order thinking. These studies provide support for the positive impact the interventions have on high school students with LD.
Space-time parallel computation for time-domain Maxwell's equations

This work addresses a growing need for the parallel-in-time simulation capability in electromagnetics (EM) applications. Currently time-dependent EM solvers are typically parallel only in space. The sequential-in-time nature of these solvers can achieve good parallel scaling when the number of spatial mesh points per core is large. But the parallel efficiency quickly deteriorates and even saturates if spatial parallelism has been fully exploited. We proposed a new time domain EM solver to harvest parallelism in both spatial and temporal dimension. The spatial parallelism is achieved by discontinuous Galerkin formulation, and the temporal parallelism is enabled by Krylov subspace method based exponential integrator. This work results in a highly scalable parallel time domain solver which can amend the scalability issue for traditional ones. The convergence and parallel performance are validated through numerical experiments.
A Replication of “Is Public Expenditure Productive?” (Journal of Monetary Economics, 1989):

We replicate the results of the landmark paper by Aschauer (1989) on the impact of public capital on the US economy. We obtained data from his stated sources and followed his exact methods and are ...
The Importance of Authentic Leadership to all Generations Represented within Academic Pharmacy.

Academic pharmacy spans several generations including traditionalists, baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y, commonly referred to as millennials. It has been suggested that leadership styles must change to accommodate these generational differences in academic pharmacy, yet there are no data of which we are aware, that support this assertion. We contend that leadership styles are derived from one’s authentic self and are based on core beliefs and values; therefore, leadership styles must not change to accommodate a specific generation or other subset of academic pharmacy. Instead, effective leaders must change tactics (ie, methods or processes) to reach and influence a specific cohort. This article develops and supports the argument that leadership styles should not change to accommodate generational differences in academic pharmacy.
Pharmacists' Perceptions of Feasibility and Development of a Weight Management Program for Implementation in Community Pharmacies.

Background:Community pharmacists-directed weight management programs have demonstrated positive impacts.Objective:To explore the feasibility of developing a community pharmacy-based weight manageme...
Game Theory and its Relation to Bayesian Theory

Bayesian decision theory and traditional Game Theory share a common decision rule—maximizing expected utility—in decisions under risk—where the problem includes a well defined probability for all states of affairs. However, in decisions under uncertainty—where no such probability is given by the problem, which includes traditional problems of game theory—Game Theory insists that rational players satisfy an equilibrium criterion instead. Strategies for different players form a (Nash) equilibrium when, simultaneously, each is a best reply against the strategies adopted by the opponent(s). This article illustrates several specialized circumstances where Bayesian theory advocates an equilibrium solution. However, the more general setting is one where Bayesian theory does not privilege the Nash equilibrium. Variations and refinements of the traditional Nash equilibrium criterion are considered in mitigation of this tension with Bayesian expected utility theory.
The Effects Of Persuasive Messages On System Acceptance

Firms have to invest millions of dollars to introduce a new system. If firms cannot persuade employees to accept and implement a system effectively, such investments are wasted. Since a given influence process may lead to differential outcomes, managers need to deliver influencing strategies to motivate employees and shape their behavior intentions related to system acceptance. This study integrates TAM, flow theory, and extends ELM to understand employees’ system acceptance. The findings indicate that two persuasive messages result in different influencing routes on employees’ emotional, functional, and utilitarian responses. Source credibility of persuasive messages has positive influence on playfulness, while argument quality of persuasive messages has positive influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Attitude may play mediating roles in the relationship of playfulness-behavior intention and perceived usefulness-behavior intention.
Aggressive and Foraging Behavioral Interactions Among Ruffe

The ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, is a nonindigenous percid in the Great Lakes. Ruffe are aggressive benthivores and forage over soft substrates. Laboratory studies in pools (100 cm diameter, 15 cm water depth) were conducted to determine whether fish density (low=2, medium=4, high=6 ruffe per pool) changed foraging and aggressive behaviors with a limited food supply of chironomid larvae. All fish densities demonstrated a hierarchy based on aggressive interactions, but ruffe were most aggressive at low and high fish densities. Time spent in foraging was lowest at the low fish density. The best forager at the low fish density was the most aggressive individual, but the second most aggressive fish at the medium and high fish density was the best forager and also the one chased most frequently. A medium fish density offered the best energetic benefits to ruffe by providing the lowest ratio of time spent in aggression to that spent foraging. Based on our results, ruffe should grow best at an intermediate density. With high ruffe densities, we would also expect disparity in size as the more aggressive fish are able to garner a disproportionate amount of the resources. Alternatively, as the Great Lakes are a fairly open system, ruffe could migrate out of one area to colonize another as populations exceed optimal densities.
Got chocolate? Bilateral prefrontal cortex stimulation augments chocolate consumption.

Abstract Background Understanding the mechanisms behind exerting self-control may reveal why health behaviors are resistant to change. Activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) plays a role in self-control processes and may be modulated using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Objective In this early phase behavioral research study, we investigated whether anodal stimulation over the rIFG with cathodal stimulation over the left IFG (versus sham) reduced chocolate consumption. Methods Twenty-three healthy females (ages 18–35) completed two tDCS sessions (2.0 mA vs. sham; order counterbalanced) in a within-subject, double-blind, randomized design with a 4-week washout. Participants were self-reported “chocolate cravers” and restrained eaters. Self-report assessments on disinhibited eating were completed at intake. Delay discounting and inhibitory control were assessed at the remaining visits. During stimulation, participants completed an inhibitory control training task (chocolate go/no-go task) and were randomized to the chocolate no-go condition (inhibit all responses to chocolate cues) or the control condition (inhibit responses to chocolate cues on half the trials). Following stimulation, participants completed a 15-min chocolate “taste test” with chocolate rating forms. Afterwards, staff measured the remaining chocolate to determine total consumption. Results Contrary to our hypotheses, active tDCS significantly increased chocolate consumption vs. sham (mean = 43.2 vs. 32.2, p=0.005) in both task conditions, but had no effect on chocolate ratings (ps > 0.05). Higher delay discounting and self-reported disinhibited eating predicted greater consumption (ps Conclusions The results suggest widespread activation of the prefrontal cortex may reduce the ability to resist chocolate. Our data highlights important methodological considerations for conducting tDCS studies to target health behaviors.
Route to Universally Tailorable Room-Temperature Liquid Metal Colloids via Phosphonic Acid Functionalization

Eutectic gallium–indium nanoparticles (EGaIn NPs) were produced and subsequently functionalized with decylphosphonic acid under various conditions with the goal of producing highly stable room-temp...