cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cancer of cervix and vagina in a case of complete procidentia

Abstract A case is reported of carcinoma developing in the vagina and cervix of a patient with a complete uterine prolapse. Studies made of the material in the Gynecological Pathological Laboratory show that this is the only case of its kind that has been seen in the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Why the cervix of the prolapsed uterus should possess so large a degree of immunity to malignant degeneration has never been satisfactorily explained. One would naturally suppose that the converse would be true, for the cervix of the prolapsed uterus is constantly exposed to irritation and often is the seat of a chronic infection—factors that have been shown usually to predispose to the development of cancer. It has been suggested that the cornification of the cervical epithelium which develops in a case of complete procidentia protects the cervix against malignant degeneration. This may be a factor in protecting the prolapsed uterus, but it hardly seems sufficient to explain fully such marked resistance to the development of cancer.
Abstract 647: CD20-specific Engineered Toxin Body demonstrates direct cell kill of multiple B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma types

The B-cell membrane protein CD20 is expressed by both benign and neoplastic lymphocytes. It has been a superb target for immunotherapies targeting B-cell derived diseases. There are several anti-CD20 antibodies which have been developed for B-cell lymphoma therapy. The most successful example of this targeted approach is rituximab, which is approved for front and second line therapy of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, rituximab has limited direct cell-kill effects, acting primarily through indirect immune responses induced by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). While CD20-targeted radiotherapeutics have shown promise, their administrative challenges have curtailed their clinical utility. Thus, a therapeutic approach with direct cell-kill activity against CD20-expressing cells would be clinically useful. We have developed an engineered toxin body (ETB) comprising a CD20 scFv and a modified Shiga-like Toxin A (MT-3724) capable of specifically recognizing and killing CD20 expressing cells. MT-3724 is selectively cytotoxic against B-cell NHL cell lines and against NHL cells obtained from patients. It demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against Burkitt9s lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma with IC (50) values ranging from 1.4 nM to 12 nM. Through immunofluorescent tracking, MT-3724 internalizes within one hour after binding to CD20 (+) B cells. To our knowledge, this is the first example of efficient internalization of an immunotoxin via CD20. Consistent with the in vitro activity, MT-3724 demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in mice-bearing NHL cell line xenografts. These results show that MT-3724 is a promising targeted therapeutic agent against CD20 positive B-cell lymphomas and is currently under further development. Citation Format: Sangeetha Rajagopalan, Rachel Wirth, Jennifer Erdman, Kari Grant, Brigitte Brieschke, Rodney Flores, William Null, Jen-Sing Liu, Erin K. Willert, Jack P. Higgins. CD20-specific Engineered Toxin Body demonstrates direct cell kill of multiple B-cell Non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma types. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 647. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-647
The effect of natural convection on the shape and movement of the melt-solid interface in the controlled solidification of lead

Experiments are reported on the study of the effect of natural convection on the controlled solidification of lead under conditions of nearly unidirectional heat flow within the system. The experimentally found shape and position of the solid-melt interface was reasonably well predicted by the consideration of heat transfer by natural convection from the melt to the solid surface. Transient runs were also carried out and here the rate of movement of the melt-solid interface was readily predicted from the (numerical) solution of the appropriate unsteady state conduction equation.
Constraints on lithosphere net rotation and asthenospheric viscosity from global mantle flow models and seismic anisotropy

Although an average westward rotation of the Earth's lithosphere is indicated by global analyses of surface features tied to the deep mantle (e.g., hot spot tracks), the rate of lithospheric drift is uncertain despite its importance to global geodynamics. We use a global viscous flow model to predict asthenospheric anisotropy computed from linear combinations of mantle flow fields driven by relative plate motions, mantle density heterogeneity, and westward lithosphere rotation. By comparing predictions of lattice preferred orientation to asthenospheric anisotropy in oceanic regions inferred from SKS splitting observations and surface wave tomography, we constrain absolute upper mantle viscosity (to 0.5–1.0 × 1021 Pa s, consistent with other constraints) simultaneously with net rotation rate and the decrease in the viscosity of the asthenosphere relative to that of the upper mantle. For an asthenosphere 10 times less viscous than the upper mantle, we find that global net rotation must be <0.26°/Myr (<60% of net rotation in the HS3 (Pacific hot spot) reference frame); larger viscosity drops amplify asthenospheric shear associated with net rotation and thus require slower net rotation to fit observed anisotropy. The magnitude of westward net rotation is consistent with lithospheric drift relative to Indo-Atlantic hot spots but is slower than drift in the Pacific hot spot frame (HS3 ≈ 0.44°/Myr). The latter may instead express net rotation relative to the deep mantle beneath the Pacific plate, which is moving rapidly eastward in our models.
Recent Results and Perspectives at CDF and DØ

Over the course of the past years the experimental measurements performed by the two large collaborations, CDF and DO, at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider have fueled advances in our understanding of physics at the energy frontier. At the present time the accelerator complex and the two detectors are undergoing substantial improvements. In this paper, we provide a discussion of some recent results which in turn provides a framework within which we can look to future prospects.
D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptor Expression Is Regulated by Direct Interaction with the Chaperone Protein Calnexin

As for all proteins, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) undergo synthesis and maturation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The mechanisms involved in the biogenesis and trafficking of GPCRs from the ER to the cell surface are poorly understood, but they may involve interactions with other proteins. We have now identified the ER chaperone protein calnexin as an interacting protein for both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. These protein-protein interactions were confirmed using Western blot analysis and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. To determine the influence of calnexin on receptor expression, we conducted assays in HEK293T cells using a variety of calnexin-modifying conditions. Inhibition of glycosylation either through receptor mutations or treatments with glycosylation inhibitors partially blocks the interactions with calnexin with a resulting decrease in cell surface receptor expression. Confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals the accumulation of D1-green fluorescent protein and D2-yellow fluorescent protein receptors within internal stores following treatment with calnexin inhibitors. Overexpression of calnexin also results in a marked decrease in both D1 and D2 receptor expression. This is likely because of an increase in ER retention because confocal microscopy revealed intracellular clustering of dopamine receptors that were co-localized with an ER marker protein. Additionally, we show that calnexin interacts with the receptors via two distinct mechanisms, glycan-dependent and glycan-independent, which may underlie the multiple effects (ER retention and surface trafficking) of calnexin on receptor expression. Our data suggest that optimal receptor-calnexin interactions critically regulate D1 and D2 receptor trafficking and expression at the cell surface, a mechanism likely to be of importance for many GPCRs.
An efficient approach to reduce emissions by coupling atmospheric and electricity market models

With a growing focus on energy and environment, there is need to include emission constraints in electricity markets. Current methods to reduce emissions include the Acid Rain Program, NOx Trading Programs and Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR). Even with these cap-and-trade programs in effect, there are substantial Nonattainment Areas in the USA with respect to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In this paper, we present a novel approach to reduce emissions by coupling the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) atmospheric model CMAQ, and an electricity market model. We include weather, chemistry, time and locational aspects of NOx and SOx emissions to reduce specific pollutants which cap-and-trade programs do not implement. We introduce a linear emission constraint within our electricity model which implicitly involves the atmospheric effects. We present an example to successfully reduce a sulfate particulate matter (ASO4) concentration at a specific location and at a specific time period.
Liver inflammation during monocrotaline hepatotoxicity.

Monocrotaline (MCT) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) plant toxin that causes hepatotoxicity in humans and animals. Human exposure occurs from consumption of contaminated grains and herbal teas and medicines. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 300 mg/kg MCT in rats produced time-dependent hepatic parenchymal cell (HPC) injury beginning at 12 h. At this time, an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of neutrophils (PMNs) appeared in areas of hepatocellular injury, and activation of the coagulation system occurred. PMN accumulation was preceded by up-regulation of the PMN chemokines cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in the liver. The monocyte chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), was also upregulated. Inhibition of Kupffer cell function with gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) significantly reduced CINC-1 protein in plasma after MCT treatment but had no effect on hepatic PMN accumulation. Since inflammation can contribute to either pathogenesis or resolution of tissue injury, we explored inflammatory factors as a contributor to MCT hepatotoxicity. To test the hypothesis that PMNs contribute to MCT-induced HPC injury, rats were depleted of PMNs with a rabbit anti-PMN serum prior to MCT treatment. Anti-PMN treatment reduced hepatic PMN accumulation by 80% but had no effect on MCT-induced HPC injury or activation of the coagulation system. To test the hypothesis that Kupffer cells and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are required for MCT-induced HPC injury, rats were treated with either GdCl(3) to inhibit Kupffer cell function or pentoxifylline (PTX) to prevent synthesis of TNF-alpha. Neither treatment prevented MCT-induced HPC injury. Results from these studies suggest that PMNs, Kupffer cells and TNF-alpha are not critical mediators of MCT hepatotoxicity. Accordingly, although inflammation occurs in the liver after MCT treatment, it is not required for HPC injury and possibly occurs secondary to hepatocellular injury.
Angina patients with diastolic versus systolic heart failure demonstrate comparable immediate and one-year benefit from enhanced external counterpulsation.

Abstract Background Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is effective in treating angina in coronary artery disease patients. Whether EECP produces similar immediate and sustained benefits and freedom from adverse events (MACE) at 1 year in patients with severe systolic dysfunction versus diastolic dysfunction is unknown. Methods and results Data of 746 angina patients with a history of heart failure enrolled in the International EECP Registry were divided into 2 groups: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% (S) and LVEF >35% (D). Mean LVEF was 51.0 ± 10.2% in diastolic dysfunction (n = 391) versus 26.3 ± 6.9% in systolic dysfunction (n = 355). At baseline, 92.0% of diastolic dysfunction and 90.9% of systolic had Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class III/IV angina with similar number of anginal episodes and nitroglycerin use. After 32 hours of EECP, angina was reduced by ≥1 class in 71.9% of diastolic versus 72.2% of systolic with similar decreases in anginal episodes and nitroglycerin use. At 1-year 78.1% of diastolic and 75.8% of systolic have less angina than pre-EECP. MACE at 1 year was also comparable (24.4 versus 23.8%). Conclusions The benefits of EECP in heart failure patients were similar regardless of diastolic or systolic dysfunction. The improvement was sustained at 1 year with similar MACE.
Effect of exogenous stress on the tissue-cultured mouse lens epithelial cells

The effects of heat, oxidative and osmotic stress on heat shock proteins (HSP-70(I), HSC-70, and HSP-40 of tissue cultured mouse lens epithelial cells (alphaTN-4) were investigated. The effect of stress on the heat shock transcription factor (HSF-1), and a nuclear matrix protein (NM-60) of alphaTN-4 cells was also examined. Cells were exposed to heat (45 degrees C), oxidative stress (50 mM H(2)0(2)) and osmotic (600 mM medium) shock for 30 min, and then allowed to recover for 18 h in physiological medium. Control cells were maintained at 37 degrees C in an isosmolar medium. Cellular proteins were isolated and fractionated by SDS-PAGE. Western blot was used to determine the levels of HSP and nuclear proteins. Heat stressed cells were also examined, by immunofluorescence, for the specific localization of NM-60 and HSF-1. The results revealed that both NM-60 and HSF-I were present in specific locations in normal and heat-stressed cell nuclei. Nuclei isolated immediately after stress showed localization of fluorescence near the nuclear membrane. When heat stressed cells were allowed to recuperate at 37 degrees C, most of the fluorescence were relocated in discrete areas of the nucleus. These experiments showed that alphaTN-4 cells responded to stress by overexpression of HSP-70(I) and HSP-40. This increase was not present immediately after the end of the stress period, but clearly evident at 18 h of recovery in physiological medium. Immunofluorescent data suggest that heat stress induced the localization of NM-60 and HSF-1 near the nuclear membrane.
Modeling alternative groundwater remediation methods in contrasting hydrogeologic settings

Abstract A contaminant fate and transport model was used to simulate the effects of 11 remediation schemes on benzene plumes in three hydrogeologic settings. Pump and treat, bioremediation, and a combination of those technologies were considered. Dissolved oxygen concentrations of 8 and 50 mg/l were used at injection wells. The simulated aquifers include sand and gravel, silty sand, and clayey sand. Interior injection (50 mg/l O2) was most successful overall, consistently attaining the highest rank in each setting. Interior extraction/exterior injection (50 mg/l O2) ranked second overall. Whether used for injection or extraction, interior well configurations generally outperformed alternative patterns. Interior extraction, the most successful pump and treat scheme, performed effectively in the sand and gravel aquifer, but was among the lowest ranking schemes in the lower velocity settings. In contrast, interior injection (8 mg/1 O2) performed better in the low velocity aquifers. Consistently, downgradient...
Case of the month : Unusual presentation of myasthenia gravis with acute respiratory failure in the emergency room

A 21 year old woman with no past medical history presented to the emergency room (ER) with signs and symptoms of sepsis and subsequently went into acute respiratory failure. She was found to have myasthenia gravis which was exacerbated by the infection. This report highlights the need to consider myasthenia gravis in the differential diagnosis of an otherwise unexplained respiratory failure in the critical care setting.
Glucocorticoid-induced cleft palate genes in chromosome 17: genetic linkage and mapping analyses

Genes that influence susceptibility to dexamethasone-induced cleft palate and tentatively designated Dcp are linked to the major histocompatibility complex H-2 in chromosome 17 of the mouse. Experiments presented refine the map of genes. The results show two or three Dcp loci. The two-locus model maps Dcp genes to the class II gene Eβand to the chromosomal region between the S and D genes. The three-locus model maps the Dcp genes to the chromosomal regions from the centromere to Eβ, from Eβto S, and from D to Pgk-2. Experiments were done by comparing the dexamethasone-induced cleft palate dose response of congenic strains with H-2 haplotypes that are recombinants of H-2aand H-2b. The analysis of genetic linkage between H-2 and Dcp was expanded to include reciprocal backcrosses. A maternal factor was found to influence the frequency of dexamethasone-induced cleft palate in the backcross fetuses. The factor's origin is associated with the H-2 haplotype of the outcross mother, so the effect is actually a “grandmother effect” that probably is transmitted horizontally. Finally, the sexes were distributed unevenly between the fetuses with cleft palate in two of the congenic strains. This suggests interaction between the H-2-linked Dcp genes and a Dcp sex-associated gene that modulates susceptibility to dexamethasone-induced cleft palate.
Lysozyme Net Charge and Ion Binding in Concentrated Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Hydrogen-ion titrations were conducted for hen-egg-white lysozyme in solutions of potassium chloride over the range pH 2.5−11.5 and for ionic strengths to 2.0 M. The dependence of lysozyme's net proton charge, zp, on pH and ionic strength in potassium chloride solution is measured. From the ionic-strength dependence of zp, interactions of lysozyme with potassium and chloride ions are calculated using the molecular- thermodynamic theory of Fraaije and Lyklema.1 Lysozyme interacts preferentially with up to 12 chloride ions at pH 2.5. The observed dependence of ion−protein interactions on pH and ionic strength is explained in terms of electric-double-layer theory. New experimental pKa data are reported for 11 amino acids in potassium chloride solutions of ionic strength to 3.0 M.
COLLOIDAL SILVER NANOPARTICLES PROTECTED BY WATER-SOLUBLENONIONIC POLYMERS AND “SOFT” POLYACIDS

Stable silver colloids were prepared by the in situ reduction of silver nitrate AgNO3 in the presence of various protective polymers. Several nonionic polymers and polyacids, and one anionic polyelectrolyte were investigated for their ability to stabilize such silver colloids. UV-vis spectroscopy was employed to characterize the colloidally-stable silver samples, and the particle sizes, size distributions, and particle shapes were determined by transmission electron microscopy. The interactions among the silver precursors and colloids, and the polymeric matrices can have an influence on the nanoparticle features, the optical properties, and the long-term colloidal stability of the colloid dispersions.
Studies of the ribosome-associated vitamin B12S adenosylating enzyme of Lactobacillus leichmannii.

Abstract The ribosomes of Lactobacillus leichmannii (ATCC 7830) are the loci of an enzyme system that converts vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin, CN-Cbl) to adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) in two steps, reduction of B 12a (Co III) to B 12s (Co I) by B 12a reductase and the adenosylation of B 12s to AdoCbl by an adenosylating enzyme. The vitamin B 12 reductase, as in other organisms, is unstable. Adenosylating enzyme, however, is readily demonstrable. Reported experiments deal primarily with that enzyme. Evidence of the association between ribosomes and adenosylating enzyme was found in sucrose density gradient analyses. Intact, washed ribosomes yielded an enzyme activity profile that coincided with the ultraviolet maximum of 70S reference ribosomes. When intact ribosomes were exposed to 2.5 m CsCl so that 70% of ribosomal protein was recoverable in the 144,000 g supernatant fraction and >90% of RNA was in the pellet, adenosylating enzyme was found in the supernatant fraction. “Stripped” ribosomes had low levels of enzyme activity and could reassociate with free enzyme protein. Stripped ribosomes remained competent in protein synthesis. Hence, adenosylating enzyme is not an integral ribosome component. Partially purified ribosome-associated B 12s adenosylating enzyme has requirements for vitamin B 12s , ATP, and Mn 2+ , though Mn 2+ could be partially replaced by Mg 2+ . Isotopic studies showed that ATP is the source of the adenosyl moiety of AdoCbl and that inorganic tripolyphosphate is a reaction product. Substantial adenosylating activity is associated with ribosomes only in the vitamin B 12 -requiring lactobacilli, L. delbrueckii (ATCC 9649) and L. leichmannii . Surprisingly, L. casei (ATCC 9595) ribosomes displayed a measurable, if low, level of activity. L. acidophilus (ATCC 11506) ribosomes had no detectable activity. The bulk of the activity in Clostridium tetanomorphum (ATCC 3606) and Propionibacterium shermannii (ATCC 9614) is in the 144,000 g supernatant fraction. Ribosomes from animal cells (liver, reticulocytes, and Ehrlich ascites tumor) were without detectable activity.
Biodegradation kinetics of aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by pure and mixed bacterial cultures.

Microbial growth on pollutant mixtures is an important aspect of bioremediation and wastewater treatment. However, efforts to develop mathematical models for mixed substrate kinetics have been limited. Nearly all models group either the microbial population (as "biomass") or the chemical species (e.g., as biological oxygen demand). When individual chemical species are considered, most models assume either no interaction or that the nature of the interaction is competition for the same rate-limiting enzyme. And when individual microbial species are considered, simple competition for the growth substrate is the only interaction included. Here, we present results using Pseudomonas putida F1 and Burkholderia sp. strain JS150 growing individually and together on benzene, toluene, phenol, and their mixtures and compare mathematical models to describe these results. We demonstrate that the simple models do not accurately predict the outcome of these biodegradation experiments, and we describe the development of a new model for substrate mixtures, the sum kinetics with interaction parameters (SKIP) model. In mixed-culture experiments, the interactions between species were substrate dependent and could not be predicted by simple competition models. Together, this set of experimental and modeling results presents our current state of work in this area and identifies challenges for future modeling efforts.
Methylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 9 Targets Programmed DNA Elimination in Tetrahymena

Histone H3 lysine 9 methylation [Me(Lys9)H3] is an epigenetic mark for heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing, mediated by direct binding to chromodomain-containing proteins such as Heterochromatin Protein 1. In the ciliate Tetrahymena, two chromodomain proteins, Pdd1p and Pdd3p, are involved in the massive programmed DNA elimination that accompanies macronuclear development. We report that both proteins bind H3(Lys9)Me in vitro. In vivo, H3(Lys9)Me is confined to the time period and location where DNA elimination occurs, and associates with eliminated sequences. Loss of parental Pdd1p expression drastically reduces H3(Lys9)Me. Finally, tethering Pdd1p is sufficient to promote DNA excision. These results extend the range of H3(Lys9)Me involvement in chromatin activities outside transcriptional regulation and also strengthen the link between heterochromatin formation and programmed DNA elimination.
A dynamic material library for the representation of single-phase polyhedral microstructures

Quantitative estimation of features from sectional images of microstructures is fundamental to determining the microstructural influences on material behavior. Geometric data extracted from planar materialographic sections through image analysis techniques are primarily lower-order descriptors of the microstructure. Such descriptors do not contain complete morphological information and hence cannot fully describe the material microstructure. This work uses a multi-class support vector machine classification method in conjunction with principal component analysis to build a dynamic and evolving microstructure library that can be used to efficiently describe single-phase polyhedral microstructures. Lower-order descriptors are initially used to associate the material microstructure to classes of microstructures stored in a digital material library. Complete description is obtained by quantifying the microstructure using the coefficients of a continuously updating basis within a class of the library. These techniques are essential towards the development of a dynamic materials library that will be able to analyze, classify and represent microstructures for modeling, accelerating the design and testing of single-phase polycrystalline materials.
A technique for mapping Fe/Mg‐rich phyllosilicates on Mars using THEMIS multispectral thermal infrared images

[1] We present a method for mapping exposures of Fe/Mg-rich phyllosilicates on the Martian surface using THEMIS daytime multispectral thermal infrared images. The primary utility of this technique comes from the fact that THEMIS coverage is near-global at 100 m/pixel, so it offers the opportunity to extend and improve upon phyllosilicate maps created using CRISM and/or OMEGA near-infrared data alone. The spectral index formulation used for this mapping consists of a sum of spectral band ratios, weighted in different proportions. An initial formulation of the index was determined using a suite of synthetic spectra containing varying proportions of a Martian basalt spectrum and a laboratory phyllosilicate spectrum. A scene-specific formulation was then optimized by exploiting the correlation between pixels the initial formulation flags in each THEMIS scene as containing phyllosilicates and those identified in overlapping CRISM data. Once the optimal formulation of the index is determined, it is applied to the entire THEMIS scene, extending the map of phyllosilicates beyond the area of overlapping CRISM coverage. The method is illustrated using 12 THEMIS scenes from the Mawrth Vallis and Nili Fossae regions. The new THEMIS-derived maps of Fe/Mg-rich phyllosilicates in these two regions have approximately double the coverage provided by CRISM data. The cross-wavelength and cross-instrument approach we use to derive phyllosilicate indices for THEMIS data could potentially be used to define spectral indices for mapping other compositions of interest on Mars that possess spectral features in more than one spectral region.
Kidnapped Memories: Argentina's Stolen Children Tell Their Stories

One of the most deplorable and characteristic aspects of Argentina's “Dirty War” (1976–1983) was the stealing of babies by military families or regime supporters. Approximately 500 children were “transferred” during this time period. Thanks to the Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo, 108 children have had their identities restored to date. This article focuses on how child transfer in Argentina has affected the construction of memories at both the individual and societal levels. By studying a few well-chosen cases of children whose identities have been restored, I seek to characterize the different and often radically opposed ways in which the sons and daughters of disappeared leftist militants have told their stories and understood their experience. My goal is to identify some of the most capacious and emblematic memory scripts that have emerged to accommodate variegated individual biographies. From these cases, it becomes abundantly clear that what is in the “best interest of the child” has no easy answer. On...
T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies as a diagnostic tool in lymphoproliferative skin diseases

The growth of our knowledge in T-cell biology, in particular the molecular biology of the T-cell receptor (TCR), has provided a means to molecularly characterize lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin based on the presence or absence of a clonal population of T lymphocytes. TCR gene rearrangement studies, by Southern blot analysis, have aided the investigative dermatologist in gaining insights into the pathogenesis and clonal evolution of lymphoproliferative skin diseases. In addition, the application of TCR gene rearrangement studies as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of lymphoproliferative skin diseases has been introduced into clinical dermatology. Despite its enormous research value, TCR gene rearrangement studies presently have limited applications as an independent diagnostic tool. However, as our knowledge and experience grows and as the application of new techniques provides us with greater detection sensitivity and specificity, the diagnostic utility of TCR gene rearrangement studies will be enhanced.
OPTIMAL TRANSIT SUBSIDY POLICY

The basic justification for transit subsidy is that such a subsidy is necessary, given substantial economies of scale, in order to permit fares to be set at a level which will result in reasonably efficient use of the service. Efficiency is not, however, merely a matter of the level of the fares but even more of the fare structure and pattern. Major changes in fare patterns are needed to permit reasonable efficiency of utilization to be attained, and full advantage derived from subsidy. Differentiation according to time and direction, as well as the distance of travel, is required. Ideally, competing modes such as the private automobile should be priced at marginal cost, differentially by time and place, and the subsidy should be derived from taxes on land values in the areas where such values are enhanced by the presence of transit service at low fares. In the absence of such conditions, fares should differ from marginal cost in ways that take into account the impacts of transit fare variations on auto traffic and congestion, and on the subsidy requirements and the adverse impacts of the taxes imposed to finance the subsidy.
Padding under tourniquets in tourniquet controlled surgery: Bruner's ten rules revisited.

To produce a bloodless field in extremity surgery, the pneumatic tourniquet forms an essential component. It is a simple instrument that plays an important role in many orthopaedic operations. The tourniquet is considered generally safe though not without complications [1]. Proper knowledge and care are essential to its use. So its use must be entrusted only to skilful personnel. For the safe use of the tourniquet Bruner in 1951 published the ten rules [2]. Braithwaithe and Klenerman suggested modifications along the lines of Bruner’s ten original rules (Table 1) [3]. One of the rules is padding under the tourniquets. For adequate padding it is advised to have at least two layers of orthopaedic wool. Orthopaedic wool has its disadvantages in that it gets embedded in the Velcro part of the tourniquet thereby reducing its effectiveness. Removing the fibres from the Velcro is difficult and the life of a tourniquet is reduced. We advocate an alternative to the orthopaedic wool. A roll of crepe bandage can perform the same function as the wool. Our experience shows that it is no inferior to the orthopaedic wool and it has not produced any complications in the last 6 months of its use. The fibres of the bandage do not get embedded in the Velcro thereby prolonging its life and efficiency. Table 1 Braithwiate and Klenerman’s modification of Bruner’s ten rules
Eliciting Online Customers’ Preferences: Conjoint vs Self-Explicated Attribute-Level Measurements

The growth of the Internet for shopping has led to an increasing interest in tools for assisting consumers with decision-making, efficienfly using the vast quantity of widely dispersed information. Online product recommendation agents gather information from consumers and then match these consumer preferences with their database of products to recommend the best product. Two approaches can be taken for gathering information from consumers on their preferences – conjoint-type full-profile ratings or self-explicated ratings. That is, organizations may infer consumers’ preferences for attributes and levels on the basis of their ratings of several alternative products or may simply directly ask them their evaluations of various attributes and levels. We compare these two approaches and find that, in general, they do not result in the same conclusions. In this paper we examine the differences in the approaches to making recommendations and discuss the implications of these differences. Our results show that th...
Private speech, cognitive-computational control, and the autism-psychosis continuum

Autism and psychosis manifest private speech disruptions analogous to their diametrical opposition along the autism-psychosis continuum. Autism has naturally suppressed private speech with predictable structural deficits when it does surface; psychosis has overt but ineffectual private speech with similar structural deficits. These private speech oppositions are best understood in the context of the control processes of cognitive-computational architectures.
ac calorimetry of C60 single crystals.

We have measured the (effective) specific heat of single crystals of O{sub 60} using ac calorimetry. For an fcc crystal prepared by sublimation, there is a sharp hysteretic lambda-shaped anomaly at 260 K, reflecting a latent heat spread over 3 K, similar to what is observed in powders using differential scanning calorimetry. There is also a discontinuity of 11.6{ital R} in the specific heat. For orthorhombic crystals prepared by slow evaporation from a toluene-hexane solution, a nonhysteretic, apparently second-order, transition is observed at 239 K. There is a peak in the specific heat consistent with a transition entropy of {ital R} ln12.
Stimuli and Intensity Factors in Testing Infants

To acquire auditory normative data for infants, five types of sound stimuli were administered randomly at each of four hearing levels. Subjects were 21 three-month-old and 22 eight-month-old infant...
Surface strain on human intervertebral discs

The biomechanical functions of the internal components of the intervertebral disc are not well understood. The surface deformation of 17 human cadaveric lumbar intervertebral discs was studied by photogrammetry by adhering small optical targets to the disc surface and thereby recording the length, bulge, and vertical height of lines on the disc surface representing annular fibers. Discs were studied in pure compression, flexion and extension, axial rotation, and shear. Two definitions of a fiber were investigated: first with the end-points of the fiber on the vertebra ("bone-to-bone" definition), second, where the end points of the fiber were just before the disc vertebra junction (the "disc-only" definition). Measurements were compared with a "constant-volume" physical model and with a mathematical model of the intervertebral disc. Fiber strains were 6% or less under physiological conditions. Comparison of results from the two definitions of fiber length showed greater strains for the disc-only definition in compressive loading. Fiber strains were less than in the constant-volume model of comparable dimensions in compressive loading by a factor of about two, thus suggesting fluid loss or end-plate deformations in the physiologic conditions. The mathematical model indicated that the surface strain for intervertebral discs is very sensitive to the disc-height: diameter ratio and to fluid loss from the disc but is less sensitive to the helix angle of the fibers.
National Literature, World Literatures, and Universality in Romanian Cultural Criticism 1867-1947

In his article "National Literature, World Literatures, and Universality in Romanian Cultural Criticism 1867-1947" Andrei Terian analyzes the relevance of systematizing international literary relationships in current theories of world literatures. Terian criticizes the "naturalist" reductionism that still dominates many contemporary studies in the field of world literatures and asserts that a particular feature of the interliterary processes is that they occur not only at the level of mere "facts," but also at the level of cultural "representations" thus supporting various strategies through which national literatures attempt to acquire more favorable positions within world literatures. Terian presents a systemic classification of these strategies and tests the efficiency of the proposed concepts through an analysis of the politics of universality undertaken in Romanian cultural criticism of the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century.
A Policy-Focused Approach to Natural Hazards and Disasters—Towards Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR): Introduction to a Special Issue of the Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research

While the fields of disaster, crisis, and emergency studies have made great strides over the past century (Alexander, 1993; Mileti, 1999; Prince, 1920; Quarantelli, 1998; White, 1942), the internat...
Rigidity percolation and molecular clustering in network glasses.

$^{129}\mathrm{I}$ M\"ossbauer spectra of $g\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}{\mathrm{Se}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ alloys display a local maximum in the site-intensity ratio $\frac{{I}_{B}}{{I}_{A}}(x)$ at the critical composition $x={x}_{c}=0.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$. This observation is consistent with the realization of mechanical critical behavior in a covalent network glass recently predicted by Phillips and Thorpe. We identify ${x}_{c}$ with the onset of percolation of a specific molecular fragment based on the layered form of $c\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$.
Documentation for a Physical World

Documentation can be designed specifically to help people perform physical tasks. Research in computing, motor learning and in music and sports instruction suggests that documentation is more effective when it takes into account how people think about physical tasks
Quasi-equilibrium crystal shapes and kinetic Wulff plots for gallium nitride grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract In this paper we demonstrate work on developing the kinetic Wulff plots and quasi-equilibrium crystal shapes of GaN by hydride vapor phase epitaxy to understand the stable polar, semipolar, and nonpolar planes that emerge naturally from the GaN crystal. High quality bulk m -plane GaN substrates were masked with circular openings to perform selective area growth studies. Growths were performed by hydride vapor phase epitaxy over a range of temperatures, pressures and carrier gases. The quasi-equilibrium crystal shapes were shown to have clear m -plane { 1 1 ¯ 00 } facets and a sharp and flat ( 000 1 ¯ ) N-face or c− face. The (0001) Ga-face or c+ face became faceted with { 10 1 ¯ 1 } planes emerging with reduced pressures and temperatures. Based on the stable facets, kinetic Wulff plots were constructed.
Biosynthetic Studies on the α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Acarbose in Actinoplanes sp.: 2-epi-5-epi-Valiolone Is the Direct Precursor of the Valienamine Moiety

The biosynthetic pathway leading to the mC7N cyclitol (valienamine) moiety of acarbose (1) in Actinoplanes sp. strain SN 223/29 has been studied using 3H-, 2H-, and 13C-labeled cyclitols. These pre...
Chuck Longissimus and lnfraspinatus Muscle Characteristics as Affected by Rigor State, Blade Tenderization and Calcium Chloride Injection

Blade tenderization resulted in increased (P 0.05) in tenderness of prerigor CaCl 2 injected infraspinatus and longissimus muscles were observed due to blade tenderization nor was percentage of collagen affected. Prerigor, blade tenderized CaCl 2 injected muscles were generally less tender (P<0.05), as measured by sensory panel and shear force, than postrigor muscles independent of blade tenderization. Furthermore, prerigor CaCl 2 injected samples had lower texture scores for both muscles and lower flavor scores for infraspinatus than samples from postrigor muscles. Blade tenderization did not affect microbial load or color nor did CaCl 2 influence color
An apparatus for pulse and pulse‐chase experiments with 14CO2 on attached leaves with known, steady‐state rates of photosynthesis

Abstract. An apparatus is described to carry out pulse and pulse-chase experiments with 14CO2 on intact, attached leaves with known, steady-state rates of photosynthesis under defined conditions of temperature, vapour pressure deficit and photon flux density. Data are presented which show that the pattern of distribution of 14C between compounds in extracts of such leaves is a true reflection of the pathways of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in the leaf during steady-state photosynthesis.
Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)], biotype E, in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Gene complementarity among various sources of resistance to greenbug biotype E was assessed. Analysis of the F2 generation of crosses between susceptible and resistant parents (mating 1) and among sources of resistance (mating 2) suggested that resistance in sorghum to greenbug biotype E was complexly inherited and, to some extent, dependent on the nature of both the resistant and susceptible parents. Positive transgressive segregation in the F2 generations of both matings was found to be due to effective plus factors, contributed by both parents in a cross, which complemented each other. The number of plus factors ranged from one to two in the susceptible parents and from two to five in the resistant parents of mating 1, and from one to five in the parents of mating 2. The consistently significant reciprocal effects shown by Sarvasi and PI264453 indicated that these sources had major factors for resistance in their cytoplasms, which were expressed in all their crosses. The results from this study indicated that the sources of resistance complemented each other to give increased number of F2 segregates with increased resistance. Thus, it should be possible to increase and diversify resistance of sorghum to greenbug biotype E by accumulating different, effective plus factors from various sources through recurrent selection.
How Thematic Teaching Can Transform History Instruction.

(1995). How Thematic Teaching Can Transform History Instruction. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 160-162.
Case files of the University of Massachusetts fellowship in medical toxicology: three patients with an industrial radiography source exposure.

Three male industrial radiographers, two aged 40 and one aged63, performed a routine inspection of an industrial radiographydevice (IRD). During the course of the inspection, they observedthat the radioactive source (a 93.4 curie iridium-192 source) hadincompletely retracted into the heavily shielded box. The expo-sure was reported to a Radiation Safety Officer who calculatedthe exposure as “18,000 roentgens to the hands and 8 roentgensto the whole body.” Based upon his recommendation, the threepatients presented to two local emergency departments (EDs)with a request for blood testing and initial evaluation. In the ED, all patients had normal physical exams with nor-mal complete blood counts. Medical personnel called the localPoison Control Center to learn if shaking the patients’ hands pro-duced exposure to radiation and whether any decontaminationwas needed. In addition, the Poison Control Center received callsfrom family members of the exposed patients and from the StateDepartment of Radiation Health.
Successful in vitro fertilization pregnancy after conservative management of endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objective: To report a successful IVF pregnancy in an infertile couple after conservative treatment of endometrial cancer. Design: Case report and literature review. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patient(s): A 29-year-old infertile white woman. Main Outcome Measure(s): Successful pregnancy after conservative management of endometrial cancer. Intervention(s): Grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosed at hysteroscopy, followed by dilatation and curettage (DC her CA-125 level is normal. The triplets are also doing well. Conclusion(s): In carefully chosen situations, deferring surgery in infertile patients with endometrial cancer may be a viable option permitting subsequent successful pregnancy.
The negative spillover effect of food crises on restaurant firms: Did Jack in the Box really recover from an E. coli scare?

Abstract Despite the enormous impact of food crises on restaurants, limited understanding of their long-term impacts and associated factors has undermined crisis managers’ ability to handle crisis situations effectively. This article investigated the long-term impact of food crises on the financial performance of restaurant firms and identified the factors that influenced this impact. This explanatory study examined the case of Jack in the Box, whose 1993 Escherichia coli scare was the first and largest restaurant-associated food crisis in modern times. An event study method was used to uncover stock price movements of Jack in the Box, in conjunction with 73 unrelated food crises that occurred from 1994 to 2010. Stock prices of Jack in the Box exhibited significantly negative responses to other firms’ food crises, moreover, the negative spillover effect was stronger if the crisis occurred closer in time, was similar in nature, and was accompanied with no recall execution. These findings shed light on the long-term financial impact of food crises and offer insights for crisis managers to develop more effective crisis management strategies.
Optical enhancements of joint-Fourier-transform correlator by image subtraction

The performance of the joint Fourier transform correlation (JFTC) algorithm is improved by enhancing the frequency domain horizontal edges for the case where the reference and input scene are in the lower half and upper half, respectively, of the space domain. The enhancement of frequency domain horizontal edges eliminates any vertical edges which corresponds to cross correlation between objects in the input scene. Consequently the correlation peak intensity between similar objects is increased and the cross correlation peaks are reduced.
AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF INTRAMETROPOLITAN POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT GROWTH

ABSTRACT In this paper, an empirical model of intrametropolitan population and employment growth is developed and estimated. The empirical model is derived from equilibrium relationships that describe intrametropolitan population mid employment levels. The equilibrium relationships are related to the dynamic process of population and employment growth through the use of a lagged adjustment model. The empirical implementation of the model uses data on 365 municipalities in northern New Jersey. The use of observations that the geographically proximate necessitates that the spatial structure of the model he handled explicitly. A simultaneous system with spatial autocorrelation in the dependent variables is estimated. The results generally agree well with theory.
Soap froth revisited: Dynamic scaling in the two-dimensional froth

In this Letter we study the evolution of a two-dimensional soap froth. We present experimental evidence for the existence of a limiting scale-invariant distribution of the number of sides in a bulk froth at long times. We also discuss the apparent failure of the hypothesis that all internal angles in a froth are 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and the absence of many-sided bubbles at long times. We also suggest a mechanism to explain the observed exponent describing the rate of area growth.