cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Testosterone Propionate on Regenerating Anal Fin of Adult Platypoecilus maculatus Females.

SummaryTreatment of adult P. maculatus females with testosterone propionate, begun during the first 20 days of anal fin regeneration, produces an anal fin which is more male-like than that obtained by treatment of normal females but which differs clearly from the typical male gonopod. Beyond 20 days of regeneration the capacity for gonopod formation declines until, by the time the characteristic female form is attained, the capacity is no greater than in the normal adult female fin.
Tensile Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Additive Manufactured Parts

In the advancement of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, 3D desktop printers have become an accessible solution to address the current manufacturing practices for most industries and the general public. This study explores the effect default build parameters have on the tensile properties of additive manufactured parts by comparing the Young’s Modulus and tensile strength of polylactic acid (PLA) in the elastic region before and after the AM process through experiments and numerical simulations. The build parameters are specified via MakerBot Desktop — the file preparation software for the MakerBot Replicator 3D printer used to create the specimens tested herein. This work presents the tensile mechanical properties for specimens built using low infill rate, low layer resolution, and standard build speed and extrusion temperature to recreate the worst possible part quality attainable using MakerBot 3D Desktop printers. Using these build parameters results in a part with a hollow honeycomb interior structure, and due to its heterogeneous cross sectional area, experimental stress-strain curves do not accurately represent its physical response to tensile loading. Therefore in this case, an experimental-numerical study of the 3D printed specimens is performed, using the load-displacement experimental data acquired from tensile tests to calibrate the ANSYS Structural Mechanics simulations. The goal is to optimize the material properties in our simulation such that the equivalent strain magnitude matches the experiments. This is an approach to determine the experimental Young’s modulus of PLA additive manufactured parts where the AM process, heterogeneous structure, and size greatly influence the part strength. This is completed by studying the worst part quality possible first to better understand this effect. Tensile tests are performed using an ADMET 5603 Universal Test Machine (UTM) synched with a Correlated Solutions 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system. A fine heterogeneous speckle pattern is sprayed on the specimens and used by the DIC system to obtain surface contours of deformation. This data is compared to the displacement fields in the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation of the specimen.When compared to the pre-manufacturing PLA, additive manufactured parts exposed that the post-processed stiffness of the material is increased when tested under this loading condition. The Poisson’s ratio for printed PLA was also noted to decrease when compared to pre-manufactured PLA, due to the larger longitudinal deformation compared to the transverse. Specimens failed by brittle fracture across the hex pattern, showing limited deformation and failing short after. The failure location based on the influence interior geometry has on failure showed that specimens failed by brittle fracture across the hex pattern, initiating fracture in the same region of all specimens.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Commentary on Viewpoint: The human cutaneous circulation as a model of generalized microvascular function

to the editor: Because of the advantages of skin-specific methodologies (i.e., combining skin laser-Doppler with iontophoresis or intradermal microdialysis), Holowatz and colleagues ([1][1]) suggest that studies of cutaneous vascular beds can provide information regarding generalized vascular
Fluctuation Electron Microscopy Study of Medium-Range Packing Order in Ultrastable Indomethacin Glass Thin Films

We have used fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) to measure the medium range order in the molecular packing of 40 nm thick indomethacin glass films. Vapor deposition of indomethacin can create glasses with extraordinary kinetic stability and high density. We find peaks in the FEM variance at diffraction vector magnitudes between 0.03 and 0.09 A -1 , corresponding to intermolecular packing distances of 1-3 nm. FEM experiments were performed with a 13 nm diameter electron probe, so these data are sensitive to medium-range order in intermolecular packing. The FEM variance from an indomethacin glass with normal stability cooled from the liquid is significantly smaller than the variance from the ultrastable glass, suggesting that ultrastable glass is more structurally heterogeneous at a 13 nm length scale. A dose of ∼7×10 5 e - /nm 2 with a very low beam current of ∼ 2.5 pA at 200 kV was used to minimize electron beam damage to the sample, and the average electron diffraction from the sample is unchanged at total electron doses fourteen times larger than required for a FEM experiment. These preliminary results on medium-range order in molecular glasses suggest that we may be able to provide insight into the structural differences between the remarkable ultrastable thin films and ordinary glasses.
Hyperventilation-induced hemolysis in the dog.

SummaryAnesthetized dogs were hyperventilated via a respirator pump to increase blood pH to high levels. Canine erythrocytes hemolyze in vivo when blood pH is maintained at a high level (7.7 or higher) for 30 min or longer. Hemolysis occurs whether body temperature of the dog is rising or falling.
Fast Iris Boundary Localization Algorithm Supervised by Pupil Center

The accuracy and the speed of iris boundary localization affect recognition system performance. Hough transform is a common algorithm of geometry object detection in computer vision, and it can be used for iris boundary localization by voting for parameters of circles in eye images. Because the position and the size of irises in images are not fixed, these reasons result in that the computing burden increases and the iris boundary localization is slow. Due to unideal real-time character of iris boundary localization, a fast iris boundary localization algorithm supervised by pupil center was proposed, and iris boundary localization was speeded up by selecting the small block images and reducing the edge point number. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective for the accurate and fast localization of irises in eye images.
Pigmented Lesions of the Vulva

Pigmented vulvar lesions, including diffuse hyperpigmentation, are present in 10% to 12% of white women. About 2% of them are nevocellular nevi. In general, nevi on the vulva are identical by morphologic and histopathologic criteria to nevi elsewhere on the body, with the exception of a small subset of nevi in younger women. Nevi in this subset have the unusual features of enlarged junctional nests that are variable in size, shape, and position. The long-term biologic behavior of these nevi has not been determined. Other benign pigmented lesions include lentigines, melanosis, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, seborrheic keratoses, and warts. Malignant pigmented lesions include some cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and melanoma. Melanoma of the vulva has a poorer prognosis overall than melanoma on the torso, apparently because of the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, improving mortality rates depends to some extent on earlier diagnosis. Management of female patients includes careful inspection of the vulva with each full-skin or gynecologic examination, followed by biopsy of any suspicious lesion. The need for excision of benign nevocellular and melanocytic lesions is dependent on the histopathology. Because there are no long-term prospective studies of vulvar melanosis and the group of unusual vulvar nevi, treatment must be individualized.
MEMS Atomic Clocks

The combination of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication with atomic clocks has enabled a new generation of small, cheap, low-power devices. Since the proposal of chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs) in 2002, the fields of MEMS-based atomic sensors and coherent population trapping (CPT) spectroscopy have progressed rapidly. This review gives an overview of microfabrication techniques used for CSACs, the fabrication and integration of the critical components. Furthermore, the performance of MEMS clocks is evaluated in terms of frequency stability and sensitivity to external parameters, size, and power consumption. The possibilities of reaching the final goal of a MEMS clock with a fractional frequency instability below 10−11 at 1 h of integration in a package of volume 1 cm3, consuming 30 mW of power, are discussed. Finally, a broad field of advanced spectroscopic techniques, their advantages, and drawbacks for the improvement of CSACs are reviewed.
Nursing Education About People with Intellectual Disability. An International Perspective

Nurses have a long-standing history of providing care and services to children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Nursing education, as training or in pre-licensure or pre-registration nursing programs about care of people with IDD, has a strong history with variable attention in formal nursing education programs from one country to another, and is essential to improving health equity, reducing health disparities and fostering full participation in society. In this chapter, we will explore an international perspective that includes history around nursing education about people with IDD, and current status of nursing education and implications for future nursing education about people with IDD.
Power, Positionality, and Participation

Adult learners’ experiences with participatory video are explored in relation to the notion of positionality. The knotty question asked is whether the potential of participatory video to promote participatory culture among adult learners can be adequately addressed without considering the possible reproduction of social power relationships in an educational site. I discuss this issue by examining the process of video making and call for further inquiry into the interplay among power, positionality, and participatory video.
DOES PRE-OPERATIVE VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PREDICT POSTOPERATIVE HYPOCALCEMIA AFTER THYROIDECTOMY?

Objective: Postoperative hypocalcemia is frequent after total thyroidectomy. The role of pre-operative vitamin D levels in the pathogenesis of this condition has not been studied under the most current guidelines for evaluation of the role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis. We hypothesized that patients who are vitamin D deficient (VDD) pre-operatively are more likely to suffer from postoperative hypocalcemia, thereby requiring prolonged hospitalization. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy at the University of New Mexico Hospital between 2005 and 2014 was performed. Patients who underwent intentional parathyroidectomy were excluded. The study included 30 patients who had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels obtained within 12 months before surgery. Results: Twelve patients who were VDD (25-hydroxyvitamin D ≤20 ng/mL) were compared to 18 patients who did not have VDD (non-VDD; 25-hydroxyvitamin D >20 ng/mL). The mean nadir postoperative ionized calcium concentration w...
Chapter 10 Physical Safety and Neighborhood Issues

Residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods, or communities that are burdened by the lack of financial resources and economic stability, are exposed to higher levels of crime and violence. These residents also lack the economic mobility needed to increase earning potential as a way of climbing up the proverbial socioeconomic ladder. Since disadvantaged neighborhoods tend to be racially homogenous, historical and systematic discrimination has led to a creation of poverty that negatively impacts minorities, especially African Americans who reside in these areas. Social disorder and diminishing resources to deter crime serve as two primary characteristics seen in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Over time, the intersection of poverty, race, and economic disadvantage has led to a decrease in the quality of life and higher rates of health disparities among residents of impoverished communities, especially among African-American women. This chapter discusses how historical aspects of racism and the creation of power systematically led to the racial divide that plagues most disadvantaged neighborhoods. We use results from the HPTN 064 study to illustrate how social disorder and lack of economic mobility lead to negative health outcomes for women of color.
Energy Transfer Mechanisms during Molecular Delivery to Cells by Laser-Activated Carbon Nanoparticles

Previous studies have shown that exposure of carbon black nanoparticles to nanosecond pulsed near-infrared laser causes intracellular delivery of molecules through hypothesized transient breaks in the cell membrane. The goal of this study is to determine the underlying mechanisms of sequential energy transfer from laser light to nanoparticle to fluid medium to cell. We found that laser pulses on a timescale of 10 ns rapidly heat carbon nanoparticles to temperatures on the order of 1200 K. Heat is transferred from the nanoparticles to the surrounding aqueous medium on a similar timescale, causing vaporization of the surrounding water and generation of acoustic emissions. Nearby cells can be impacted thermally by the hot bubbles and mechanically by fluid mechanical forces to transiently increase cell membrane permeability. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that transfer of momentum and/or heat from the bubbles to the cells are the dominant mechanisms of energy transfer that results in intracellular uptake of molecules. We further conclude that neither thermal expansion of the nanoparticles nor a carbon-steam chemical reaction play a significant role in the observed effects on cells, and that acoustic pressure appears to be concurrent with, but not essential to, the observed bioeffects.
A Coupled Circulation–Wave Model for Numerical Simulation of Storm Tides and Waves

AbstractThe Stevens Institute of Technology Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Model (sECOM) is coupled here with the Mellor–Donelan–Oey (MDO) wave model to simulate coastal flooding due to storm tides and waves. sECOM is the three-dimensional (3D) circulation model used in the New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (NYHOPS). The MDO wave model is a computationally cost-effective spectral wave model suitable for coupling with 3D circulation models. The coupled sECOM–MDO model takes into account wave–current interactions through wave-enhanced water surface roughness and wind stress, wave–current bottom stress, and depth-dependent wave radiation stress. The model results are compared with existing laboratory measurements and the field data collected in New York–New Jersey (NY–NJ) harbor during Hurricane Sandy. Comparisons between the model results and laboratory measurements demonstrate the capabilities of the model to accurately simulate wave characteristics, wave-induced water elevation, and undertow cu...
Intelligent Learning Systems Design for Self-Defense Education

American college students are increasingly put in situations involving unarmed or armed attacks. Recent incidents demonstrate that college campuses are targets for mass shootings. As such tragic incidents become ever more frequent, it is critical for students to know how to react. However, current self-defense courses in higher education offer experience-based learning without the benefit of much research to measure how well instructors make corrections that actually increase the students ability to defend and escape attacks. Thus, in this paper, we propose to design a revolutionary self-defense education system that transfers self-defense education from an instructor experience-based model into a science-based model assisted with instructor experience. The system is based on modern technology with a combination of sensors, big data, and mobile applications that will target functions and strictly control all of the learning, lab applications assessment, and real-time feedback.
CORRELATION OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS AND MITOCHONDRIAL REDOX STATE DURING SPREADING DEPRESSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the correlation of electrical signals and mitochondrial redox state during spreading depression. Spectroscopic experiments indicate that the cerebral blood supply in pentobarb anesthetized gerbils is insufficient to supply the oxygen needed for the increased cellular metabolism induced by the phenomenon of spreading depression of Leao (SD). DC electrical signals recorded from a single point on the cortex of anesthetized animals, following initiation of SD, show a biphasic change that correlates with a wave in which intracellular potassium ions are released to the extracellular space. The studies of brains freeze-trapped during SD show an annulus of tissue in which fluorescence measurements demonstrate that the mitochondrial NADH and flavoproteins are completely reduced and in which reflectance spectroscopy shows the hemoglobin to be deoxygenated. The interpretation of this data is that the increased metabolism needed to repump the K+ ions is sufficiently high so that the oxygen demand exceeds supply, and the mitochondria drive themselves into a mitochondrial state. The intense, complete mitochondrial reduction during SD can be decreased by making the animals hypercapnic. The vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels allows increased oxygen supply to the metabolically active region.
Characterization of the Cellular Responses of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells to the Immune System.

Abstract Introduction Dental stem cells have gained importance recently and are being used for various purposes in regenerative medicine and dentistry. Although much research has been done to show the various properties of these dental stem cells, the immunomodulatory properties of some of these stem cells are still unknown. This is important considering these cells are being used routinely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between the activated immune cells and 3 types of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells: dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). Methods SCAP, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured, and various assays were performed including a proliferation assay, flow cytometric analysis, lactate dehydrogenase and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the interactions of these dental stem cells when cocultured with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or natural killer cells. Results SCAP were less resistant to immune cell–mediated cytotoxicity as seen from the results obtained from the LDH and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays. The flow cytometric analysis showed a lower resilience of SCAP to cytotoxic compounds. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results demonstrated that the SCAP induced high levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion compared with the other dental stem cells. Conclusions SCAP did not perform as well as the other dental stem cells. This could in turn affect their survival and differentiation abilities as well as their functionality. This may be an important aspect to consider when selecting dental stem cells for various regenerative procedures.
FX Rates and FX Derivatives

In this final chapter we introduce an elaborate framework for modeling foreign exchange rates (FXR), that, although more empirical work in this area is necessary, appears to be capable of capturing many features of the foreign currencies markets. The framework is based on the assumption that FXR market dynamics prevent arbitrage/imbalance between the investment opportunities in two countries/economies, and then by extension, among any number of them. While this principle is not new, we take it to the next level of scope and generality.
Classifying aging genes into DNA repair or non-DNA repair-related categories

The elderly population in almost every country is growing faster than ever before. However, our knowledge about the aging process is still limited despite decades of studies on this topic. In this report, we focus on the gradual accumulation of DNA damage in cells, which is a key aspect of the aging process and one that underlies age-dependent functional decline in cells, tissues, and organs. To achieve the goal of discriminating DNA-repair from non-DNA-repair genes among currently known genes related to human aging, four machine learning methods were employed: Decision Trees, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest (RF). Among the four methods, the RF algorithm achieved a total accuracy (ACC) of 97.32% and an area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of 0.98. These estimates were based on 18 selected attributes, including 10 Gene Ontology and 8 Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) attributes. A predictive model built with only 15 PPI attributes achieved performance levels of ACC= 96.56% and AUC=0.95. Systems biology analyses showed that the features of these attributes were related to cancer, genetic, developmental, and neurological disorders, as well as DNA replication/recombination/repair, cell cycle, cell death, and cell function maintenance. The results of this study indicate that genes indicative of aging may be successfully classified into DNA repair and non-DNA repair genes and such successful classification may help identify pathways and biomarkers that are important to the aging process.
State Transitions and Control Flows

The dynamic aspects of the reengineered enterprise are captured in state transition and data flow diagrams.
Ground response to high horizontal stresses during longwall retreat and its implications for longwall headgate support

Abstract Roof falls in longwall headgate can occur when weak roof and high horizontal stress are present. To prevent roof falls in the headgate under high horizontal stress, it is important to understand the ground response to high horizontal stress in the longwall headgate and the requirements for supplemental roof support. In this study, a longwall headgate under high horizontal stress was instrumented to monitor stress change in the pillars, deformations in the roof, and load in the cable bolts. The conditions in the headgate were monitored for about six months as the longwall face passed by the instrumented site. The roof behavior in the headgate near the face was carefully observed during longwall retreat. Numerical modeling was performed to correlate the modeling results with underground observation and instrumentation data and to quantify the effect of high horizontal stress on roof stability in the longwall headgate. This paper discusses roof support requirements in the longwall headgate under high horizontal stress in regard to the pattern of supplemental cable bolts and the critical locations where additional supplemental support is necessary.
Achondroplasia: a comprehensive clinical review

Achondroplasia is the most common of the skeletal dysplasias that result in marked short stature (dwarfism). Although its clinical and radiologic phenotype has been described for more than 50 years, there is still a great deal to be learned about the medical issues that arise secondary to this diagnosis, the manner in which these are best diagnosed and addressed, and whether preventive strategies can ameliorate the problems that can compromise the health and well being of affected individuals. This review provides both an updated discussion of the care needs of those with achondroplasia and an exploration of the limits of evidence that is available regarding care recommendations, controversies that are currently present, and the many areas of ignorance that remain.
Reaction Cured Borosilicate Glass Coating for Low-Density Fibrous Silica Insulation

The Space Shuttle Orbiter, shown in Fig. 1 will be the world’s first reusable space vehicle. Basic to the development of such a vehicle is the requirement for a heat shield that can survive multiple reentries into the earth’s atmosphere at temperatures up to 1400°C. For the majority of the orbiter’s surface, a material was required that had good insulative properties, could survive temperatures up to 1260°C, and would be extremely light weight. It would also be required to survive large temperature gradients (>1000°C/cm) and severe thermal shock resulting from the entry environment (Fig. 2). The convective heating environment which occurs during the vehicle’s entry is unique in that it can result in chemical interactions between the high-temperature gases and the solid surface. These interactions cause an abnormally high vaporization rate to occur among the less refractory compounds present in a heat-shield surface (1). Therefore, the stability of the heat shield in this type of environment is critical to the success of the vehicle.
Towards Safer Pedestrian Traffic: Investigation of the Impact of Social Field Characteristic on Crowd Dynamics

The objective of this paper is to investigate pedestrian safety on vehicle-free platforms. Towards realizing such objective, a microscopic pedestrian movement model is expanded to analyze the implications of different pedestrian behavioral characteristics on pedestrian movement under different density levels. This microscopic modeling approach is flexible and may be efficiently implemented while accounting for different traffic dynamics caused by complex geometric and operational features, such as those observed in transit stations, football stadiums, and rallies. The integrated modeling framework is built based on the Social Field method (i.e., the social force model): the surrounding stimulus is considered, while adding a stopping/vibration module and a tangential force module to the basic Social Field method to account for additional behavioral dimensions based on atomistic interactions between particles. C++ was used to build a simulator to obtain the trajectory of pedestrians in the system. The research has been already translated to two simulated scenarios: the bottleneck scenario and the bi-direction flow scenario. Realistic flow patterns have been produced with a triangular fundamental diagram (flow-density curve) as observed in real-life conditions. When the density goes up, the flow will go up then go down to meet the capacity of the system. The expanded social force model provided improved (lower) error levels once the simulated pedestrian trajectories are compared to the observed pedestrian trajectories. Results show the expanded model produces high-density congestion dynamics that are not captured by the traditional social force model. The dynamics represented the higher clustering of flow-density data points at low flow and high pedestrian levels represent these dynamics.
Opioid Use for Treatment of Acute Pain Among Children and Adolescents Enrolled in the Mississippi Medicaid Program

Background:Abuse of opioids among children and adolescents has become a major public concern in the United States. Understanding the epidemiology of opioid use in this vulnerable population is crit...
Right Atrial and Massive Pulmonary Artery Mechanical Thrombectomy Under Echocardiography Guidance Using the FlowTriever System

Introduction Management of clot in transit in patients with pulmonary embolism, who are candidates for percutaneous intervention, can be challenging. This is a case report of simultaneous right atrial mechanical thrombectomy under echocardiography guidance and pulmonary artery embolectomy under fluoroscopy guidance, using the recently introduced FlowTriever system (Inari Medical Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). Report An 88 year old female, resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest near the end of a total right hip arthroplasty, presented for management of suspected massive pulmonary embolism. Her right atrial thrombus was removed under transthoracic echocardiography guidance, and her pulmonary arterial thrombus was subsequently successfully treated under fluoroscopy. Discussion The FlowTriever system can be safely and effectively used under real time transthoracic echocardiography guidance to retrieve clot in transit from the cardiac chambers, in addition to its standard application for the pulmonary artery under fluoroscopy guidance.
Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Related Food Industries in Florida in 2011

This analysis was conducted using the Implan regionaleconomic modeling system and associated state andcounty databases (IMPLAN Group LLC) to estimateeconomic multipliers and contributions for over 500different industry sectors. Multipliers capture the indirectand induced economic activity generated by re-spending ofincome or sales revenues in a regional economy. A collectionof 121 industry sectors were included in the analysisto represent the broad array of activities encompassed byagricultural and natural-resource commodity production,manufacturing, distribution and supporting services inFlorida. Economic contributions can be measured in termsof employment, industry output, value added, exports,labor income, other property income, and business taxes. Aglossary of economic terms used in this report is providedfollowing this summary.
Choose who's in your circle: how women's relationship actions during and following residential treatment help create recovery-oriented networks.

Women in recovery from substance use disorders often have difficulty establishing recovery-supportive networks. This exploratory study uses qualitative thematic analysis to examine how 88 women in ...
La psychopathie – L’éclairage des neurosciences médicolégales

Psychopathy is a construct characterized by symptoms of emotional detachment, a lack of empathy, guilt and remorse, irresponsibility and a propensity for impulsive behavior. This article critically evaluates the contribution of structural and functional neuroimaging to the understanding of this personality disorder in North American forensic populations with psychopathic traits. Neuroimaging results are highly variable. They report numerous structural and functional abnormalities that are not limited to the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex but include the striatum, hippocampus, and uncinate fasciculus. These brain abnormalities underlie an attenuated emotion processing functioning (but not an absence) and aversion to negative and threats signals, reinforcement learning, representation of rewards and modulation of attention that have an impact in decision-making, caring for others, and moral judgment. It is important to note that the neuroanatomical, neurofunctional, and behavioral differences between individuals with high psychopathic traits and those with low traits are highly heterogeneous and of degree rather than of nature.
Harvesting Electromagnetic Energy from Hypervelocity Impacts for Solar System Exploration

CubeSats have opened new opportunities for solar system exploration by decreasing mission development and launch costs. While they have proven successful in the inner solar system, providing sustained power to these spacecraft at large distances from the sun requires novel power generation methods. Solar power is dramatically diminished at these distances and radioisotope thermoelectric generators do not scale well to spacecraft with small dimensions. The space environment could provide a solution; by harnessing energetic hazards in the environments under investigation, the spacecraft could forgo traditional power sources. Radio frequency emissions are abundant in the space environment with sources originating from planetary aurora, particle dynamics in the magnetosphere, and electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) associated with hypervelocity impacts between micrometeoroids and spacecraft. A case study of a mission to the rings of Saturn is presented and analyzed for feasibility. Upper bounds on the power emitted by the hypervelocity impact EMPs are produced by combining results from ground-based experiments and Saturnian environment models. We find that although the kinetic energy of hypervelocity impacts is significant, the conversion efficiency to EMPs is too low for spacecraft to effectively use.
A K-Band Low-Complexity Modular Scalable Wide-Scan Phased Array

A new circuit architecture for a modular scalable integrated phased array transmitter is presented. In this architecture, the number of phase shifters and their associated control signals are reduced by a factor of two compared to conventional phased arrays. The proposed configuration significantly reduces the phased arrays' control complexity. A symmetric eight-element phased array module is designed based on the proposed configuration at K-band using 130-nm CMOS process for wide-scan applications. The eight-element phased array provides ±90° of scan range with measured sidelobe levels smaller than -8 dB within the frequency range of 23.2-24.4 GHz. The phased array consumes 682 mW of power and occupies 6.64 mm2 of die area. A number of these modules can be connected to form a larger array with a narrower beamwidth.
Transcendence and Abjection in Vergílio Alberto Vieira’s Cleptopsydra

In the present essay, I examine Portuguese poet Vergilio Alberto Vieira’s 2018 collection, Cleptopsydra, an explicit parody on Camilo Pessanha’s Clepsidra (1920). Within the collection, the poetic voice moves beyond the rigidity of Pessanha’s form through a series of sublime, transcendent, but ultimately earthbound symbols. This tension between form, symbol, and transcendence likewise exists in the work of several of Vieira’s contemporaries, and I suggest an openly transnational and translinguistic link between them. Finally, I discuss how contemporary Portugal has come to serve as both a challenge and a point of articulation for Vieira’s poetics.
Abstract PO-040: Retinal disease diagnosis through an adaptive deep learning model

This research presents an adaptive deep learning model for retinal disease classification based on 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Computer-aided retinal disorder diagnosis is one of the critical research topics that can benefit the patient care process. 3D medical images can provide more comprehensive information about retinal structures. However, due to the higher data dimension and more complicated data pattern compared to 2D images, 3D image analysis is challenging the performance of many machine learning models. This research aims to develop a machine learning model for retinal disease diagnosis on 3D OCT images. A public dataset, which includes age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and the normal cases, is used in this study. The model includes three main procedures: 1) Image preprocessing is conducted for each cross-sectional retinal image. A novel Hough transform-based line detection approach is developed to extract 3D retinal layers. 2) 3D retinal layer samples are constructed, which are used to optimize an adaptive deep learning model to identify the most effective and efficient model structure. A novel objective function is proposed to optimize the convergence trend in this process. The constructed deep learning structure is based on the search result of a neural architecture space. 3) The optimized deep learning model is trained using the extracted 3D samples. The experimental results show that the proposed model can significantly boost the training efficiency and improve the testing accuracy. Citation Format: Haifeng Wang. Retinal disease diagnosis through an adaptive deep learning model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-040.
Resilience in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socioecological Approach.

OBJECTIVES: We examined sources of vulnerability and resilience among older adults early in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We surveyed 235 respondents, 51-95 years old (M = 71.35; SD = 7.39; 74% female), including two open-ended questions concerning COVID-19-related difficulties and positive experiences during the past week. Using inductive coding, we found nine final codes for difficulties and 12 for positives and grouped them into socioecological levels: personal, interpersonal, and societal. RESULTS: Difficulties were reported by 94% of the sample, while 63% described positives. Difficulties and positive responses were made at all socioecological levels and illustrated a dialectic between personal level constraints and opportunities, interpersonal level social isolation and integration, and societal level outrage, sorrow, and social optimism. DISCUSSION: Respondents described sources of vulnerabilities and resilience that supported a socioecological approach to understanding resilience during this pandemic. A notable example was resilience derived from witnessing and contributing to community and social solidarity, highlighting the potential of older adults as resources to their communities during the global pandemic.
Corpus Callosum Section for Control of Clinically and Electroencephalo-Graphically Classified Intractable Seizures

Among 55 consecutive patients with drug-refractory epileptic seizures referred to the multidisciplinary Epilepsy Program of the Medical College of Ohio for possible neurosurgical intervention for seizure control, 17 (30.90%) of those completing the multidisciplinary assessment were found to have seizure mechanisms unsuitable for treatment by focal cortical excision. Because these patients had a clear need for additional antiseizure therapy, we felt compelled to reexamine our hesitation to perform corpus callosum section (CCS) for seizure control. Viewing CCS from a background in cortical resection for seizure control, with its defined case selection criteria, known outcome probabilities for seizure control, and low neurological and neuropsychological morbidity and operative mortality (Rasmussen, 1975; Talairach et al., 1974), we experienced concern over (1) the neuropsychological consequences of callosal commisurotomy (e.g., Gazzaniga, 1970), (2) the surgical morbidity and mortality in the early series (Van Wagenen and Herren, 1940; Akelaitis, 1941a,b, 1943; Akelaitis etal., 1942; Smith and Akelaitis, 1942; Bogen and Vogel, 1962, 1975; Bogen et al., 1965; Luessenhop, 1970; Luessenhop et al., 1970; Gordon
Multi-oxide active layer deposition using Applied Materials Pivot array coater for high-mobility metal oxide TFT

By controlling a thin indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide interface layer between gate insulator and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), the thin-film transistor (TFT) performance can reach higher mobility as conventional IGZO as well as superior stability. For large-area display application, Applied Materials static PVD array coater (Applied Materials GmbH & Co. KG, Alzenau, Germany) using rotary targets has been developed to enable uniform thin layer deposition in display industry. Unique magnet motion parameter optimization in Pivot sputtering coater is shown to provide very uniform thin ITO layer to reach TFT performance with high mobility, not only on small scale, but also on Gen8.5 (2500 × 2200 mm glass size) production system.
A Rate Based Back-Pressure Flow Control for the Internet

The Internet has traditionally relied on end-to-end congestion control performed at the transport layer by TCP. In this paper, we discuss the limitations of this approach to address the large number of flows and the large delay-bandwidth product scenarios typical of next generation Internets. We propose a link layer back-pressure flow control which can be applied to Internet backbones over ATM. More precisely, we use the ABR service and flow control and we turn routers into virtual sources (VSs) and virtual destinations (VDs) for the ABR control loop. We introduce a VS/VD “behavior” that implements a rate based back-pressure flow control and that addresses max-min fairness.
Abstraction and Reformulation in GraphPlan

My research is chiefly focused in the area of planning. Specifically, I am interested in extending the Graphplan [1] planning system. I intend to explore, design, and evaluate abstraction and reformulation techniques to expand the expressiveness of Graphplan and enhance the performance of the search process used for building a plan.
Flexible Manufacturing System Simulation Using Sentinel - an Active Object Oriented Database Management System

Modelling applications for controlling Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) is a complex process which involves development of efficient programs, easy user interfaces, and huge passive databases. The amount of data flow in an FMS for any medium size industry is high and as a result applications have to be written in a way that they can manage the data efficiently. Currently many of the shop floor control systems are based on passive databases. These applications have to poll the passive databases and take actions according to the conditions being satisfied. It has been shown that dynamic event based processes are not well supported by passive Database Management Systems (DBMS). Sentinel is an Active Object-Oriented Data Base Management System, developed for the purpose of addressing condition monitoring of dynamic events. It is readily applicable for simulating a broad spectrum of areas ranging from CIM, process control to stock market monitoring and investment decisions. This study deals with development of an event based shop floor control application on Sentinel. A simulated manufacturing environment is considered for evaluating the suitability of Sentinel for a FMS environment. The application considers varied requirements of FMS to determine what additional features are needed for the Sentinel.
Local perception of floods in the Czech Republic and recent changes in state flood management strategies

A shift from flood protection to flood risk management is occurring in many Western countries, but less is known about the social perception of floods and flood management changes in Central and Eastern Europe. The objective of this paper is to study the social perception of selected water-related issues and to find possible compatibilities with existing flood management. A sociological survey was conducted within a local population living in flood plains in South Bohemia (N = 89). The results are discussed in relation to changes in Czech flood management governmental policies over the last 15 years. We conclude that the local population accepts floods as regular events, expects their increased frequency and prefers natural measures of flood mitigation. Czech flood management governmental policies are moving from flood defence and hard structural measures (e.g. dams) to flood risk management and more natural solutions (polders, free spill, etc.). However, there is still a strong legacy of a top-down approach in governmental policies that hinders full incorporation of local perceptions into flood management.
Mutations in the passenger polypeptide can affect its partitioning between mitochondria and cytoplasm

In this study, we report that the partitioning between mitochondria and cytoplasm of two variants, mCherry and DsRed Express (DRE), of the red fluorescent protein, DsRed, fused to one of the six matrix targeting sequences (MTSs) can be affected by both MTS and amino acid substitutions in DsRed. Of the six MTSs tested, MTSs from superoxide dismutase and DNA polymerase gamma failed to direct mCherry, but not DRE to mitochondria. By evaluating a series of chimeras between mCherry and DRE fused to the MTS of superoxide dismutase, we attribute the differences in the mitochondrial partitioning to differences in the primary amino acid sequence of the passenger polypeptide. The impairment of mitochondrial partitioning closely parallels the number of mCherry-specific mutations, and is not specific to mutations located in any particular region of the polypeptide. These observations suggest that both MTS and the passenger polypeptide affect the efficiency of mitochondrial import and provide a rationale for the observed diversity in the primary amino acid sequences of natural MTSs.
Translational control by influenza virus. Identification of cis-acting sequences and trans-acting factors which may regulate selective viral mRNA translation

We have shown that sequences contained within the viral mRNA 5′-untranslated region (UTR) played a critical role in directing selective influenza viral mRNA translation. We therefore attempted to identify trans-acting factors that may regulate viral mRNA translation through interactions with the 5′-UTR and at the same time map the precise sequences to which these factors bind. We can now demonstrate that multiple cellular proteins interact with influenza viral but not cellular 5′-UTRs using gel mobility shift and UV cross-linking analyses. Gel supershift studies revealed that the La autoantigen was one of the cellular proteins that interacted with the viral 5′-UTR. Utilizing mutants of the viral mRNA 5′ UTR, we have determined that sequences within the very 5′-conserved region and nucleotides immediately 3′ are necessary but not always sufficient for binding certain cellular proteins. Northwestern analysis showed the binding of a distinct subset of cellular proteins to the viral 5′-UTR, but also demonstrated interactions of the viral nonstructural protein NS1. Gel shift analysis with purified recombinant NS1 confirmed the binding of the viral protein to a specific region of the viral 5′-UTRs. A model describing the possible role of these cellular and viral RNA-binding proteins in regulating influenza virus mRNA translation will be discussed.
Ultra-high intensity proton accelerators and their applications

The science and technology of proton accelerators have progressed considerably in the past three decades. Three to four orders of magnitude increase in both peak intensity and average flux have made it possible to construct high intensity proton accelerators for modern applications, such as: spallation neutron sources, kaon factory, accelerator production of tritium, energy amplifier and muon collider drivers. The accelerator design focus switched over from intensity for synchrotrons, to brightness for colliders to halos for spallation sources. An overview of this tremendous progress in both accelerator science and technology is presented, with special emphasis on the new challenges of accelerator physics issues such as: H/sup -/ injection, halo formation and reduction of losses.
The Application of Linear Regression to Range-of-Fire Estimates Based on the Spread of Shotgun Pellet Patterns

A series of shotgun pellet patterns were fired at ranges that varied from 3.9 to 15.2 m (10 to 50 ft) using a 12-gauge cylinder-bored shotgun firing No. 2 chilled shot cartridges. The spreads of the pellet patterns were measured in two ways: the radius of the smallest circle that would enclose the entire pattern was measured with a transparent overlay and the square root of the area of the smallest rectangle that would enclose the pattern was calculated. Linear regression analysis was applied to sets of data for shots at three, five, and nine ranges. For both measures of pattern spread the linear regression gave correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, indicating that a linear relationship existed between the measures of the pattern spreads and the range of fire. The confidence intervals for range-of-fire estimates at the 95% confidence level were calculated for each set of data. As expected, increasing the number of test-fired patterns decreases the confidence interval and so improves the range-of-fire estimates obtained from the test-fired patterns.