cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of 6 weeks of treatment with low-dose metformin and atorvastatin on glucose-induced changes of endothelial function in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A single-blind study.

Abstract Background: Statin treatment has been reported to improve survival in patients with atherosclerosis, partly by improving vascular endothelial function. Elevation of blood glucose concentrations impairs endothelial function and promotes atherogenesis, but the effect of statins on glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) measured by gauge-strain plethysmography in the forearm is considered to be a reliable marker of endothelial function in forearm resistance vessels. Objective: This study examined the combined effects of metformin and atorvastatin treatment on glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction (as EDD) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed DM were recruited and were randomly assigned to receive metformin 850 mg/d or metformin 850 mg/d + atorvastatin 10 mg/d for 6 weeks in a single-blind study. All patients underwent glucose loading (75 g oral glucose after 12 hours of fasting) at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Blood samples were obtained at baseline before glucose loading and 3 hours after loading to de- termine serum concentrations of cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin. EDD was evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 hours after loading. The investigators were blinded to the treatment group assignments, and all analyses were performed in a blinded manner. Adverse events (eg, gastrointestinal disorders, myopathy, liver disorders) were monitored based on reported symptoms or signs (eg, myalgias, muscle cramps), clinical examination, and laboratory parameters (eg, increased liver and muscle enzymes). Results: Thirty-two white patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM were randomly assigned to receive metformin 850 mg/d (n = 17 [12 men]; mean [SD] age, 53.88 [45] years; body mass index [BMI], 28.7 [4.5] kg/m 2 ) or metformin 850 mg/d + atorvastatin 10 mg/d (n = 15 [6 men]; mean age, 52.53 [37] years; BMI, 28.5 [2.1] kg/m 2 ). At baseline, EDD was reduced 1 and 2 hours after glucose loading in both study groups ( P P P P Conclusions: Glucose loading blunted endothelial function, with a deterioration in EDD, in these patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM. However, combined treatment with metformin and atorvastatin for 6 weeks partly prevented the glucose-induced impairment of EDD in these patients, with a significant difference compared with monotherapy with metformin.
Altered Neuronal Response During Rapid Auditory Processing and Its Relation to Phonological Processing in Prereading Children at Familial Risk for Dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a learning disability affecting 5-17% of children. Although researchers agree that DD is characterized by deficient phonological processing (PP), its cause is debated. It has been suggested that altered rapid auditory processing (RAP) may lead to deficient PP in DD and studies have shown deficient RAP in individuals with DD. Functional neuroimaging (fMRI) studies have implicated hypoactivations in left prefrontal brain regions during RAP in individuals with DD. When and how these neuronal alterations evolve remains unknown. In this article, we investigate functional networks during RAP in 28 children with (n = 14) and without (n = 14) a familial risk for DD before reading onset (mean: 5.6 years). Results reveal functional alterations in left-hemispheric prefrontal regions during RAP in prereading children at risk for DD, similar to findings in individuals with DD. Furthermore, activation during RAP in left prefrontal regions positively correlates with prereading measures of PP and with neuronal activation during PP in posterior dorsal and ventral brain areas. Our results suggest that neuronal differences during RAP predate reading instruction and thus are not due to experience-dependent brain changes resulting from DD itself and that there is a functional relationship between neuronal networks for RAP and PP within the prereading brain.
Comparison of Leg Movements in Preterm Infants at Term with Healthy Full-term Infants

This study describes the differences and similarities in movement of low-risk preterm and full-term infants of comparable postgestational ages using a sensitive and quantitative measurement system, kinematic analysis. Subjects were 25 low-risk infants, 10 born at 34 to 36 weeks gestational age and 15 at term. Spontaneous leg movements were videotaped, and a 10-second segment was digitized to provide kinematic data. Data obtained were compared to evaluate the neurological maturation of preterm infants and to investigate the influence of the extrauterine environment on movement. Results showed that all infants had organized movement as determined by high interjoint correlations, small phase lags, and constrained movement durations. Pause durations and joint angles differed among infants. Infant leg movements are highly organized synergies and are not influenced by extrauterine environmental events. Differences in movements are attributed to dynamic interaction of elements in the motor control system. Additional studies with full-term infants may provide further insight into the constraints and supports of the immediate environment on movement outcome.
Flow Cytometry Sorting of Recombinant Mycobacterial Species Yields Bacterial Clones with Enhanced Insert Expression

Recombinant mycobacteria hold promise as vectors for delivery of HIV-1 and other pathogen antigen inserts for inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses. In general, the immunogenicity of the recombinant mycobacterial insert is proportional to the level of insert expression. In this study, a novel flow cytometry-based assay has been developed to sort live recombinant mycobacterial mutants with high expression of foreign inserts and to enrich those sorted bacterial populations. Sorted recombinant mycobacterial clones expressed higher levels of the ovalbumin SIINFEKL epitope, and select sorted clones showed better immunogenicity than unsorted recombinant mycobacteria. Thus, flow cytometry-based sorting can isolate recombinant mycobacteria enriched for higher insert expression.
Acquired Robertsonian translocations in two leukemia patients

Robertsonian translocations were observed in two leukemia patients. The first case was a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who was found to have a rare Robertsonian translocation der(14;15)(q10;q10). The second case, a patient with acute myeloid leukemia, had multiple Robertsonian translocations: der(15)t(13;15)(q11.1;p11.1), der(14;22)(q10;q10), and dic(21;22)(p11.1;p11.1). Acquired multiple Robertsonian translocations have not been reported previously in leukemia.
Entropy-constrained predictive residual vector quantization of digital images

A major problem with a VQ based image compression scheme is its codebook search complexity. Recently, a new VQ scheme called predictive residual vector quantizer (PRVQ) was proposed by Rizvi and Nasrabadi (see Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing (Austin), vol.1, p.608-12, Nov. 13-16, 1994) which has a performance very close to that of the predictive vector quantizer (PVQ) with very low search complexity. This paper presents a new variable-rate VQ scheme called entropy-constrained PRVQ (EC-PRVQ), which is designed by imposing a constraint on the output entropy of the PRVQ. The proposed EC-PRVQ is found to give a good rate-distortion performance and clearly outperforms the state-of-the-art image compression algorithm developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG). The robustness of EC-PRVQ is demonstrated by encoding several test images taken from outside the training data.
Interleukin-10 from T Cells, but Not Macrophages and Granulocytes, Is Required for Chronic Disease in Leishmania mexicana Infection

Chronic cutaneous disease of mice caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania mexicana requires interleukin-10 (IL-10) and FcγRIII (an activating IgG receptor). Macrophages readily secrete IL-10 in response to IgG-coated amastigotes, making macrophages a prime candidate as the critical source of IL-10. However, indirect evidence suggested that macrophage IL-10 is not essential for chronic disease. I now show directly that mice lacking IL-10 from macrophages and granulocytes still have chronic disease, like wild-type C57BL/6 mice. However, T cell-derived IL-10 is required for chronic disease. CD4-cre IL-10flox/flox mice lack IL-10 from T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) and heal their L. mexicana lesions, with parasite control. I had previously shown that depletion of CD25+ T cells had no effect on chronic disease, and thus, T cells other than CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells should be the important source of IL-10. Given that conventional T cells do not express FcγRs, there is likely to be an indirect pathway by which FcγRIII on some other cell engaged by IgG1-amastigote immune complexes induces IL-10 from T cells. Further work is needed to delineate these pathways.
Revision of Cacurgus Handlirsch, 1911, a Basal Pennsylvanian Archaeorthoptera (Insecta: Neoptera)

Abstract The taxon Cacurgus spilopterus Handlirsch, 1911, is revised, based on characters of the forewing venation, and is assigned to the Archaeorthoptera Bethoux and Nel, 2002, in which it occupies a basal position.
A Case for Dynamic Asset Allocation for Long Term Investors

Abstract The strategic asset allocation (SAA) decision represents the key driver of results for long term institutional investors. In practice this decision translates into a static portfolio with fixed allocations to narrowly defined asset classes which is not responsive to time varying expected return and risk driven by changes in the economic environment for example. In this context we define dynamic asset allocation (DAA) as the process of implementing time varying expected excess returns (returns over the risk free rate) and/or expected risk with a medium term time horizon. In this paper we assess its applicability for long term institutional investors, review different forms of implementation seen in practice, and discuss key requirements and governance challenges in an institutional context.
Records Essential to Continuity of State and Local Government

paper is concerned with the draft of a manual "Preservation of Records Essential to Continuity of State and Local Government." The draft has not yet been approved for publication but ought, if possible, to be perfected and issued. It should be noted that this is not a manual for the wartime protection of archives, as distinguished from records in current use. We have, however, qualified our position with respect to archives in chapter 15, which discusses some of the considerations involved in the protection of cultural resources, in the form of archives, in the interest of the continuity of government after disaster. The first sentence of this chapter reads: "It should be apparent to the user of this manual that many of the types of records identified as essential to emergency operations or essential to re-establishment of normal government have archival as well as current administrative or reference values."
New Developments in Postharvest Fungicide Registrations for Edible Horticultural Crops and Use Strategies in the United States

New developments in postharvest fungicide registrations of fresh fruit and vegetable crops and use strategies in the United States are discussed for preventing decay and crop losses while minimizing the potential of selection of resistant pathogen populations. Postharvest fungicides used on agricultural commodities are among the most rigorously tested and regulated chemicals in the world and their risk assessment analysis and residue limits are extensively reviewed by multiple regulatory agencies. Novel products and pre-mixtures increase the spectrum of fungal decays managed and the number of crops labeled allowing global marketing of crops. These product registrations are part of a continuum of integrated approaches of handling agricultural commodities designed for stewardship of products and their safe usage in the worldwide distribution of fresh produce. Optimized postharvest usage strategies of fungicides include integration with other fungicides (i.e., pre-mixtures) and sanitation treatments to optimize performance while allowing identification of methods that reduce the selection of resistant sub-populations of pathogens.
CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE RADIO-FREQUENCY POWER AND OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE LOSSES ON THE DIII-D ECH SYSTEM

The measurement of the power injected by the electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system in the DIII-D tokamak is a critical requirement for analysis of experiments, for tuning the gyrotrons for maximum power and efficiency, for tracking long-term operational trends, and for providing a warning of problems with the system. The ECH system at General Atomics consists of six 110-GHz, 1-MW-class gyrotrons. The radio-frequency (rf) power generated by each gyrotron is determined from calorimetry, using the relevant temperature and flow measurements from the cooling circuits of the cavity, matching optics unit, and dummy loads (DLs). The if pulse length and time dependence are measured using an rf monitor at the first miter bend in the transmission line. The cavity power loading measured directly gives the generated rf power using a previously determined relationship between cavity loading and rf production. The direct measurement of the efficiencies of four of the transmission lines was performed using a high-power DL placed alternately in two positions of each DIII-D waveguide line, at accessible points close to the beginning and the end of each line. Total losses in the transmission lines range from 21.2 to 30.7%. Experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions of the performance of the components and waveguide lines.
Parenting and children's motivation at school.

Th ere are 27 students in Ms. Douglas’third-grade classroom, each with his or her own temperament, learning style, and motivation to engage in academic and social activities. Ms. Douglas has ideas about how to motivate children to learn, based on her training and her many years of teaching experience. We can begin to understand the way motivation operates in Ms. Douglas’ classroom by looking at Ms. Douglas and her students, but this is not the whole picture. Although they may not be sitting in the classroom, there are 43 parents, 4 grandparents, and 1 aunt raising the 27 students. Each caregiver has his or her own background, parenting style, values, and beliefs about education that signifi cantly infl uence the day-to-day experience of each of the 27 children in Ms. Douglas’ classroom. Further, Ms. Douglas also has her own ideas about how parents contribute to their children’s motivation and achievement in the classroom. Most research in motivation in the academic domain has focused on child and teacher factors, however, parenting attitudes and behaviors have proven to play a central role in these areas of children’s development. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of children’s academic motivation, we clearly need to consider the role that parents play.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Tip Leakage Flow over a Finite Blade

Flow field in the plane of symmetry upstream of a blade mounted perpendicular to a flat plate with varying clearance between the blade tip and the flat plate is numerically investigated. The results were compared with an experimental study of the blunt body configuration. The existence of a multiple vortex system with characteristics similar to that of end-wall flows of surface-mounted obstacles was captured by the numerical method. Gap between the blade tip and flat surface resulted in shifting of vortex structure towards the upstream region. The influence of free stream Reynolds number and angle of attack on flow field was also investigated. It has been found that high values of free stream Reynolds number and the angle of attack can substantially increase the unsteady nature of the flow field and the vortex structure around the finite blade.
Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Review for Emergency Care Providers

Periprosthetic joint infection is among the most common modes of failure of a total hip or knee arthroplasty and can be a common concern when patients present to the emergency department for care. The initial evaluation for periprosthetic joint infection includes a history and physical examination, followed by radiographs (to rule out other causes of pain or failure) and then serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein testing. If the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level are elevated or if the clinical suspicion for infection is high, the joint should be aspirated and the fluid sent for culture, as well as for a synovial WBC count and differential, with optimal threshold values of 3,000 WBC/μL and 80% polymorphonuclear cells, respectively. Recent work has shown that optimal cutoff values for patients presenting in the early postoperative period (within the first 6 weeks postoperatively) are different, with a C-reactive protein level greater than or near 100 mg/L (normal <10 mg/L), indicating the need for aspiration, with synovial fluid WBC thresholds of 10,000 WBC/μL and 90% polymorphonuclear cells. Antibiotics should not be administered before joint aspiration unless the patient has systemic signs of sepsis because even a single dose may cloud the interpretation of subsequent tests, including cultures taken from the joint. Furthermore, superficial cultures taken from wound drainage are discouraged because they can similarly cloud diagnosis and treatment. The rising prevalence of total joint arthroplasty makes proficiency in the assessment and early management of periprosthetic joint infection important for the emergency physician to optimize clinical outcomes.
Immediate operative management of the fetus with airway anomalies resulting from congenital malformations

Prenatal diagnosis has transformed the outcome of fetuses with airway obstruction. The thorough evaluation of prenatal imaging allows for categorizing fetuses with airway compromise into those who will require a special mode of delivery and those who can be delivered without any special resources. The ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) approach allows accessing the airway while the fetus is under placental support, converting a potentially catastrophic situation into a controlled one. An expert multidisciplinary team is the key to success.
The Lure of Field Hockey

(1953). The Lure of Field Hockey. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 12-13.
Spiritual Intimacy, Marital Intimacy, and Physical/Psychological Well-Being: Spiritual Meaning as a Mediator.

Objective Intimacy is an essential part of marital relationships, spiritual relationships, and is also a factor in well-being, but there is little research simultaneously examining the links among spiritual intimacy, marital intimacy, and well-being. Methods Structural equation modeling was used to examine associations among the latent variables-spiritual intimacy, marital intimacy, spiritual meaning, and well-being-in a cross-sectional study of 5,720 married adults aged 29-100 years (M = 58.88, SD = 12.76, 59% female). All participants were from the Adventist Health Study-2, Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study. Results In the original structural model, all direct associations between the three latent variables of spiritual intimacy, marital intimacy, and well-being were significantly positive indicating that there was a significant relationship among spiritual intimacy, marital intimacy, and well-being. When spiritual meaning was added as a mediating variable, the direct connections of spiritual intimacy to marital intimacy and to well-being became weakly negative. However, the indirect associations of spiritual intimacy with marital intimacy and with well-being were then strongly positive through spiritual meaning. This indicates that the relationship among spiritual intimacy, marital intimacy, and well-being was primarily a result of the meaning that spiritual intimacy brought to one's marriage and well-being, and that without spiritual meaning greater spirituality could negatively influence one's marriage and well-being. Conclusions These findings suggest the central place of spiritual meaning in understanding the relationship of spiritual intimacy to marital intimacy and to well-being.
ExtDict: Extensible Dictionaries for Data- and Platform-Aware Large-Scale Learning

This paper proposes ExtDict, a novel data- and platform-aware framework for iterative analysis/learning of massive and dense datasets. Iterative execution is prohibitively costly for distributed architectures where the cost of moving data is continually growing compared with the cost of arithmetic computing. ExtDict creates a performance model that quantifies the computational cost of iterative analysis algorithms on a target platform in terms of FLOPs, communication, and memory, which characterize runtime, energy, and storage respectively. The core of ExtDict is a novel parametric data projection algorithm, called Extensible Dictionary, that enables versatile and sparse representations of the data to minimize this computational cost. We show that ExtDict can achieve the optimal performance objective, according to our quantified cost model, by platform-aware tuning of the Extensible Dictionary parameters. An accompanying API ensures automated applicability of ExtDict to various algorithms, datasets, and platforms. Proof-of-concept evaluations of massive and dense data on different platforms demonstrate more than an order of magnitude improvement in performance compared to the state-of-the-art, within guaranteed user-defined error bounds.
Simultaneous Optimization of Geometry and Firing Angles for In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor Drive

Interests in using rare-earth free motors such as switched reluctance motors (SRMs) for electric and hybrid electric vehicles continue to gain popularity, owing to their low cost and robustness. Optimal design of an SRM, to meet specific characteristics for an application, should involve simultaneous optimization of the motor geometry and control in order to achieve the highest performance with the lowest cost. This paper presents a constrained multiobjective optimization framework for design and control of an SRM based on a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. The proposed methodology optimizes SRM operation for high volume traction applications by considering multiple criteria including efficiency, average torque, and torque ripple. Several constraints are defined by the considered application, such as the motor stack length, outer diameter, minimum operating power, minimum desired efficiency, rated speed, rated current, and supply voltage. The outcome of this optimization includes an optimal geometry, outlining variables such as air gap length, rotor inner diameter, stator pole arc angle, rotor pole arc angle, rotor back iron, stator pole height, and stator inner diameter as well as optimal turn-on and turn-off firing angles. Then the machine is manufactured according to the obtained optimal specifications. Comprehensive finite-element analysis and experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical findings.
A novel brain image processing method for the application of detecting the GBM disease patterns in anatomic sections of T1-weighted 3D magnetic resonance imaging

In this study, a novel brain image processing method is proposed to detect one of the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumors, the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), using the minimum distance classifier (dGBM-MDC) for supporting clinical diagnosis system in anatomic sections of T1-weighted 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the approach, we begin with the image conversion in the model of L∗ component in the L∗a∗b∗ space, which provides an image model of pixel values of colors. Then a small sample region of colors is selected in order to compute the average value in each pattern color before the image pattern classification with the MDC; the MDC is employed to classify each pixel by calculating the Euclidean distance between that pixel and each color marker of image patterns for image segmentation. We implement the proposed approach of the dGBM-MDC in the samples of three anatomic sections of a T1w 3D MRI (axial, sagittal and coronal cross-sections) on the real-time GBM-3D-Slicer datasets. The implementation results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency for the detection the GBM disease pattern as compared with manual slice-by-slice segmentation performance.
Sa1545 Preprocedural Serum Carbohydrate Antigen CA 19-9 Levels and Diagnostic Outcomes in Pancreatic EUS Registry Patients

Serve a Juice Prior to EUS (Endoscopic Ultrasound) to Visualize Concealed Details of Pancreas Abdul Khaliq*, Rakesh Kochhar, Kartar Singh Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CARE, Hyderabad, India; PGIMER, Chandigarh, India Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound is useful to visualize pancreas. Sometimes pancreatic ductal details are not fully appreciable during EUS. Secretin is secreted by intestinal epithelial cells and stimulates exocrine pancreas to produce pancreatic juice causing temporary dilatation of pancreatic duct. Secretin is expensive limiting clinical utility. The orange-lemon juice stimulates exocrine pancreas nearly similar to intravenous secretin. Aim: To evaluate usefulness of orange-lemon juice prior to EUS for better visualization of pancreatic ductal changes. Methods: Prospective observational study. Patients with pancreatic diseases including recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic space occupying lesions (SOL’s) and controls were enrolled. EUS was done, pancreatic changes including ductal changes and the diameter of pancreatic duct at a fixed point was noted. 200 ml of orangelemon juice was served and EUS repeated after1 hour. Results: Of 24 cases, 10 were RAP, 6 were CP, 2 were pancreatic SOL’s and 6 were controls. Mean diameter of MPD was 2.092 1.912 mm and post juice increased to 3.108 2.29 mm. (P 0.00). On sub group analysis, the MPD increased from 1.26 0.21 mm to 1.84 0.33 mm in RAP (P 0.001) , 4.63 2.48 to 6.53 2.15 in CP (P 0.002). Side branches were better appreciated in 13/24(54.2%).In a case more number of intraductal stones appreciated. Diagnosis of incomplete divisum was made in a case after juice. Conclusions: Orangelemon juice facilitated EUS of pancreas increases the pancreatic ductal diameter significantly and is useful in better appreciation of pancreatic ductal changes.
Biplanar Osteotomy for the Correction of Symptomatic Foot Ectrodactyly (Split-Foot Deformity): A Report of Two Cases.

Foot ectrodactyly is a rare congenital anomaly that can be associated with a spectrum of other congenital deficits. This condition, also called “split-foot deformity,” is most commonly inherited through an autosomal dominant pattern, but can also occur through anticipation (i.e., genetic disorders in which individuals in successive generations present at an earlier age and/or with more severe manifestations) and as autosomal recessive and X-linked forms1. The classification of these anomalies, which has been reported by Blauth and Borisch, provides a descriptive basis to categorize foot ectrodactyly (Fig. 1)2. Other authors have described treatment protocols for this condition in varying detail and with a wide range of follow-up data3-12. Fig. 1 Blauth classification for foot ectrodactyly. (Reproduced, with permission, from Blauth and Borisch2.) We present the results of bilateral biplanar osteotomies in two patients from the same family with Karsch-Neugebauer syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition with bilateral hand and foot ectrodactyly and congenital nystagmus13. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and the family provided consent for a review of their treatment. Both patients had foot pain related to the underlying deformity. The father’s feet had bilateral absent second through fourth metatarsals, which is classified as a Blauth type-V deformity. The son had bilateral absent first through fourth metatarsals, which is classified as a Blauth type-VI deformity. Both patients had bilateral hand ectrodactyly consistent with the foot deformity. Neither patient had undergone any procedures related to the hand or foot deformities or congenital nystagmus. Case 1. The father had presented at age twenty-seven with foot pain symptoms and difficulties with wearing shoes. He had experienced foot pain throughout his life, but had participated competitively in collegiate cross-country running and track as well as a number of twenty-six-mile marathons. At the …
Two-photon excited-state and conformation dynamics of NADH binding with dehydrogenases

Reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is the principal electron donor in glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolism in living cells. Distinctive differences between the excited-state dynamics of free NADH in solution and its intrinsic counterpart in living cells or brain slices are indicated. This chapter investigates the two-photon fluorescence lifetime and rotational anisotropy of NADH, under equilibrium binding conditions with malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in solution to reconcile these differences. The results indicate an enhancement of the fluorescence lifetime of NADH by a factor of ∼ 2 upon MDH enzyme binding, which is consistent with literature values using other biochemical techniques. Furthermore, equilibrated NADH–MDH reveals a complex rotational anisotropy at enzyme concentrations around the K d value. Analogous measurements on NADH binding with LDH reveal similar trends, albeit different kinetic parameters. The results are compared with lipoamide dehydrogenase where flavin adenine dinucleotide is covalently bound to the enzyme backbone.
Integrating social equity in sustainable development practice: Institutional commitments and patient capital

Abstract Sustainable urban development is widely conceptualized as resulting from a balance of economic, environmental, and social equity concerns. Yet, critics argue that social equity is routinely left out in development practice. Aiming to help identify solutions that can address this problem, this paper examines sustainable development projects that have managed to incorporate social equity in substantive ways into development practice. Drawing on case study research of nine neighborhood-scale development projects distributed across three metropolitan areas in the United States – Austin, Denver, and Minneapolis-St. Paul – this article examines the contexts and processes that enable the incorporation of social equity into sustainable development practice. Using data from intensive interviews with actors that shaped the development of mixed-use and transit-oriented neighborhoods designed according to the New Urbanism planning movement, the article investigates three storylines that illustrate different ways that social equity concerns are left out, marginalized, or integrated into development practice. Comparison of the processes driving each storyline shows that integrating social equity in sustainable development can succeed when there is an institutional effort to champion social equity and where that effort brings patient capital and provides conceptual resources that help link social equity to concerns of livability.
Integral bHLH factor regulation of cell cycle exit and RGC differentiation.

Background In the developing mouse embryo, the bHLH transcription factor Neurog2 is transiently expressed by retinal progenitor cells and required for the initial wave of neurogenesis. Remarkably, another bHLH factor, Ascl1, normally not present in the embryonic Neurog2 retinal lineage, can rescue the temporal phenotypes of Neurog2 mutants. Results Here we show that Neurog2 simultaneously promotes terminal cell cycle exit and retinal ganglion cell differentiation, using mitotic window labeling and integrating these results with retinal marker quantifications. We also analyzed the transcriptomes of E12.5 GFP-expressing cells from Neurog2GFP/+ , Neurog2GFP/GFP , and Neurog2Ascl1KI/GFP eyes, and validated the most significantly affected genes using qPCR assays. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesis that Neurog2 acts at the top of a retinal bHLH transcription factor hierarchy. The combined expression levels of these downstream factors are sufficiently induced by ectopic Ascl1 to restore RGC genesis, highlighting the robustness of this gene network during retinal ganglion cell neurogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 247:965-975, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frank Ryan: The Quarterback Teaches

The starting quarterback of the NFL Cleveland Browns was full-time mathematics faculty at Case Western, even earning promotion to Associate Professor in 1971. Lipton took a seminar with him and tells stories of his “team teaching” methods.
Albert Schweitzer: His Experience and Example

Albert Schweitzer's career as a pioneer medical missionary in Africa stands as an example for today's physicians. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Abstract WP335: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Anti-hypertensive Use in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intro: Elevated SBP is common after ICH. Continuous infusions of IV antihypertensive agents are often utilized to quickly correct SBP requiring ICU level care. It is difficult to predict SBP respon...
COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION IN STATISTICS

Publisher Summary The cost of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) makes it impossible at the present time to justify its use for purely instructional purposes. As an object of research, CAI is a justifiable enterprise on the assumption that computer costs will continue to go down—relative to instructional alternatives—while its effectiveness will continue to increase so that someday CAI will be cost-effective for at least some kinds of instruction. One situation in which CAI is feasible at present is where the student must learn how to use the computer anyway and where such learning is a by-product of his computer-assisted instruction in the primary subject. Certainly an example of such a subject area is data analysis and statistical inference. An example such as instructional system is the one developed at System Development Corporation. Using the PLANIT language, three types of student exercises are written: (1) tutorial-dialogue, (2) exposition, and (3) computational exercises.
Context Matters: Adolescent Neighborhood and School Influences on Young Adult Body Mass Index

Abstract Purpose Both schools and neighborhoods play important roles in determining adolescent weight status, but little is known about their relative importance, particularly in predicting long-term weight outcomes. We assessed the impacts of both school and neighborhood socioeconomic composition, social connectedness, and built environment during adolescence on weight status in young adulthood. Methods The study sample consisted of 14,625 respondents from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Data were analyzed using cross-classified multilevel modeling to examine the joint effect of adolescents’ school and neighborhood predictors on body mass index (BMI) 13 years later. Results Living in a neighborhood with lower average parent education during adolescence, and attending a school with lower average parent education, were each associated with higher BMI in young adulthood. Living in a neighborhood with more physical activity resources predicted lower young adult BMI, independent of adolescent weight, parent obesity status, and demographic characteristics. School physical activity resources and perceptions of social connectedness (in the school or neighborhood) were not significantly associated with young adult BMI. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of school and neighborhood socioeconomic composition during adolescence on young adult weight status. Results also suggest that improving neighborhood infrastructure may promote healthy weight.
Percutaneous versus Cut-Down Technique for Indwelling Port Placement

The superiority of surgical cut-down of the cephalic vein versus percutaneous catheterization of the subclavian vein for the insertion of totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) is debated. To compare the safety and efficacy of surgical cut-down versus percutaneous placement of TIVADs. This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study of oncologic patients who had TIVADs implanted by 14 surgeons. Primary outcomes were inability to place TIVAD by the primary approach and postoperative complications within 30 days. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression. Secondary outcomes included operative time. Two hundred and forty-seven (55.9%) percutaneous and 195 (44.1%) cephalic cut-down patients were identified. The 30-day complication rate was 5.2 per cent: 14 patients (5.7%) in the percutaneous and nine (4.6%) in the cut-down group. The technique was not a significant predictor of having a 30-day complication (odds ratio = 0.820; 95% confidence interval 0.342-1.879). Implantation failure was observed in 16 percutaneous patients (6.5%) and 28 cut-down patients (14.4%) (adjusted odds ratio for cephalic vs cut-down = 2.387; 95% confidence interval 1.275-4.606). The median operative time for percutaneous patients was 46 minutes (interquartile range = 35, 59) versus 37.5 minutes (interquartile range = 30, 49) for cut-down patients(P < 0.0001). Both the percutaneous and cut-down technique are safe and effective for TIVAD implantation. Operative times were shorter and the odds of implantation failure higher for cephalic cut-down. As implantation failure is common, surgeons should familiarize themselves with both techniques.
Response to Medical Nutritional Therapy and Need for Pharmacological Therapy in Women with Gestational Diabetes

Objective We assessed if the initial response to medical nutritional therapy (MNT) can help predict the need for pharmacological therapy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study Design We identified 1,174 women with GDM who underwent standardized dietary counseling and reported glucose values from the first week of MNT. We compared women who required pharmacological therapy with those who did not use bivariate statistics, and used multivariable logistic regression modeling to assess for factors predicting the need for pharmacological therapy. Results We identified 819 women (69.8%) who needed pharmacological therapy. They had higher prepregnancy body mass index, higher rates of GDM diagnosis before 24 weeks, and higher oral glucose tolerance test values. After adjustment for covariates, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.08), obesity (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.70–3.66), and ≥33% of abnormal glucose values from the first week of MNT (OR: 13.84; 95% CI: 9.4–20.20) were associated with the need for pharmacological therapy. Area under the curve of the regression model was 0.83, with a sensitivity of 72.2%, a specificity of 86.8%, and a positive predictive value of 92.5%. Conclusion Glucose values from the first week of MNT were the strongest predictor of needing pharmacological therapy. Further studies are needed to define metabolic predictors of response to MNT in women with GDM.
11. Nanowarming: A new concept in tissue and organ preservation

Progress in cryopreservation by vitrification has brought us closer to an era in regenerative medicine marked by a strong supply chain of donor and engineered tissues and organs for transplantation and use. But as of now, even perfectly vitrified large tissues and organs cannot survive thawing. This failure comes from warming these systems too slowly leading to crystallization (de-vitrification) and/or non-uniform warming leading to thermal stress and cracking. In this talk I will outline the results from a collaborative effort based at the University of Minnesota demonstrating proof of principle for a new “nanowarming” technique for thawing vitrified tissues and organs uniformly at potentially 100 s of °C/min to address this problem. Specifically, we entrain biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles next to or within vitrification solutions that are either boundary loaded, or perfusion loaded into tissues prior to cryopreservation. Then we use radiofrequency (RF) fields to excite these nanoparticles throughout the tissue, thereby causing a rapid and uniform warming. Characterization and modeling studies on the nanoparticle, RF field and warming results in solutions and tissues will be discussed. Future studies scaling up this technology are planned.
Stereochemical assignments of the 7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes

A rapid method for making stereochemical assignments based on variant temperature nmr data for the 7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes is described.
14.2 A Compute SRAM with Bit-Serial Integer/Floating-Point Operations for Programmable In-Memory Vector Acceleration

Data movement and memory bandwidth are dominant factors in the energy and performance of both general purpose CPUs and GPUs. This has led to extensive research focused on in-memory computing, which moves computation to where the data is located. With this approach, computation is often performed on the memory bit-lines in the analog domain using current summing [1]–[3], which requires expensive analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversions at the array boundary. In addition, such analog computation is very sensitive to PVT variations, limiting precision. More recently, full-rail (digital) binary in-memory computing was proposed to avoid this conversion overhead and improve robustness [4], [5]. However, both prior in-memory approaches suffer from the same major limitations: they accelerate only one type of algorithm and are inherently restricted to a very specific application domain due to their limited and fixed bit-width precision and non-programmable architecture. Software algorithms, on the other hand, continue to evolve rapidly, especially in novel application domains, such as neural networks, vision and graph processing, making rigid accelerators of limited use. Furthermore, most available SRAM in today’s chips is located in the caches of CPUs or GPUs. These large CPU and GPU SRAM stores present an opportunity for extensive in memory computing and have, to date, remained largely untapped.
After the Unsilence of the Birds: Remembering Aśvaghoṣa’s Sundarī

Once encountered in Beautiful Nanda, Aśvaghoṣa’s Sundarī is unforgettable. It is easy, then, to forget that we are given to see and hear her only in two of the eighteen chapters of Aśvaghoṣa’s long, lyrical narrative of Nanda. When she is given to speak, her words and voice resonate powerfully, but the narrative reduces her at last to silence. Among the last images of her, there is the moment when she is likened to a screaming bird, bereaved of her mate, her voice transformed and eventually drowned out (Beautiful Nanda 6.30). This essay argues for a new interpretation of the salience of this figurative transformation, and of two different ways in which Sundarī is lost to view as she is forgotten or overlooked by characters in the narrative. Along with a close-reading of Sundarī?s loss of voice, this essay offers readings of the depiction of Sundarī?s grief (Beautiful Nanda 6.28-29) and Nanda?s ?disremembering? of her (Beautiful Nanda 7.5-7.9). In conclusion, I suggest that re-reading such passages recommends taking very seriously the possibility that for Aśvaghoṣa there might be a close relationship between the kind of sensitivity his poetry enables and a variety of moral attention.
Selective invalidation of ambivalent pro-marijuana attitude components.

Abstract Introduction Attitudes of drug-abstinent youth considering marijuana initiation can be highly ambivalent. Invalidating pro-usage elements (i.e., opinions) of ambivalent marijuana attitudes, while leaving anti-marijuana elements intact, may create stronger, less ambivalent marijuana-resistant attitudes and lower usage intentions, while concurrently elucidating the role of ambivalence in persuasive prevention. Method From an initial pool of marijuana-abstinent middle-school students (N = 538), the quintile expressing the most negative attitudes toward a marijuana prevention appeal (N = 101) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions designed to invalidate pro-marijuana opinions. Analyses then tested their susceptibility to a second marijuana prevention appeal. Results Personally threatening messages were found ineffective, but appeals contesting resistant responses significantly decreased ambivalence (p Conclusion Analyses elucidated the role of attitude ambivalence in prevention, providing a more complete understanding of potential facilitative use of ambivalence in prevention models based on prevention. Results support the further examination and use of methods that invalidate pro-marijuana opinions, thereby leading to greater susceptibility to subsequent prevention appeals.
A service-based RBAC & MAC approach incorporated into the FHIR standard

Abstract Health Information Exchange (HIE) provides a more complete health record with the aim to improve patient care with relevant data gathered from multiple Health Information Technology (HIT) systems. In support of HIE, the Health Level Seven (HL7) XML standard was developed to manage, exchange, integrate, and retrieve electronic health information. In 2011, the Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources (FHIR) standard, based on HL7, was proposed to facilitate the development of mobile Health (mHealth) apps with HIT data sharing via a common modeling format. FHIR utilizes RESTful APIs enabled with a FHIR server for information usage and exchange in the cloud. FHIR has a security specification, but does not define actual security mechanisms for secure data exchange via service invocations. If services are the primary means of access, there must be a way to control who can invoke which service at which time. This paper proposes the use of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC) to define permissions based on role and/or the sensitivity level of services. This is accomplished by evolving RBAC and MAC to support permissions on services (as opposed to the usual object view) at a model level applied to a setting where a mobile application is using RESTful APIs. The resulting service-based model is incorporated into the FHIR standard to control the access of who can invoke which services of FHIR RESTful APIs that manage the sensitive healthcare data; work is demonstrated via an mHealth application that interacts with the OpenEMR HIT system via the HAPI FHIR server.
Special Considerations in Patients with Cranial Neurostimulatory Implants.

Over the past 50 years, incredible progress has been made with implantable devices. Management can become complex, as unique issues arise with interaction of these devices with other devices and technologies. The cochlear implant (CI) is the most commonly implanted device in the head and neck. Because of its internal magnet, CIs can interfere with MRI, causing imaging artifacts, pain, and device complications. Other implants demonstrate similar issues with imaging and co-implantation. This article provides an overview of special considerations regarding neurostimulation devices within the head and neck. We focus on interactions between implantable devices and other technologies or devices.