cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequential experimentation for estimating the optimal delay of activities in PERT networks

Applies the response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing simple fractional designs to optimize the expected present value (EPV) of a stochastic project network with respect to the delay of activities. Such a delay could increase the EPV by postponing negative cash flows, possibly at the expense of also delaying the final payment for the project. The problem was challenging, due to a combination of high variability with a relatively flat objective function near the optimum. Comparisons with the true optimal solutions, where available, indicated the robustness of the approach.
Optical-based Flux Monitoring of Atomic Antimony Sources for Molecular Beam Epitaxy

In this paper we discuss the use of optical-based flux monitoring (OFM) for real-time control of atomic antimony fluxes for applications in molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic antimony beams were generated using a two-zone cracking effusion cell. The product distribution of the source was characterized using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer employing resonance-enhanced laser ionization. A double-pass OFM system has been developed to monitor the atomic antimony beam that is capable of precise flux measurement during MBE growth.
Toward a Universal Method To Pattern Metals on a Polymer

A “universal” method for patterning metals onto polymers begins by adsorbing a photoactive diblock copolymer onto the polymer surface. When exposed to UV radiation though a mask, a pattern of carboxylic acid groups is created which templates the catalyst for electroless deposition and leads to patterned deposition of the metal.
Control System Cyber Incident Reporting Protocol

Information sharing about cyber incidents that affect the normal, safe operation of industrial control systems is not well coordinated or standardized across critical infrastructure sectors of the economy. Consequently there is little situational awareness about the frequency, type and extent of control system cyber incidents - a deficiency with potential national security implications. Control system disruption due to cyber rather than physical means is increasingly a concern of industry and government. More and more control systems utilize commercial off-the-shelf computer technology, and are inter-connected with business enterprise systems and the Internet. Not only are control systems in different sectors interdependent but the commonality of technology means that all sectors face a common cyber threat. These common cyber threats and vulnerabilities present the opportunity for common solutions to be adopted across industry sectors. The solutions include the elimination of vulnerabilities in control system designs and implementations. But with constantly evolving technology and the ever-present threat of cyber attack, tools are needed to support the early detection and timely reporting of control system cyber incidents. A Raytheon-led team is working in consultation with industry and government to define a standard protocol and data schema for the timely reporting of actual and potential cyber attacks on industrial control systems. Previous efforts to share cyber incident information have encountered barriers, including data confidentiality and detection of novel cyber attack methods. Potential solutions to these barriers and deployment approaches for information sharing tools based on the protocol standard are described.
Irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for white peach scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae).

Irradiation was examined as a potential phytosanitary treatment to control white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), a serious quarantine pest of papaya, Carica papaya L., in Hawaii. Dose–response tests were conducted with second-stage nymphs, adult females without eggs, and adult females with eggs at a series of irradiation doses between 60 and 150 Gy to determine the most tolerant stage. The adult female with eggs was the most tolerant stage. In large-scale validation tests 35,424 adult female scales with and without eggs irradiated at a dose of 150 Gy produced no F1 generation adults with eggs. Irradiation treatment with a minimum absorbed dose of 150 Gy should provide quarantine security for white peach scale on exported papaya and other commodities.
Population Pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous and intradermal Glucagon in patients with type 1 Diabetes

August 2015 e15 in agreement with the FDA risk categorization system in only 18% of consulted women with high risk exposure. Clinical pharmacologists’ risk assessment confirming high risk drug exposure had a better positive predictive value for adverse pregnancy outcomes than the FDA X categorization (54% vs 20%, respectively). Conclusions: Additional evaluation beyond the FDA drug classification is essential, and clinical pharmacologists are ideally placed to consult on how to proceed with a pregnancy following drug exposure to high risk drugs.
Mapping Land Cover Changes with Landsat Imagery and Spatio-temporal Geostatistics

Satellite images are the principal medium to detect and map changes in the landscape, both in space and time. Current image processing techniques do not fully exploit the data in that they do not take simultaneously into account the spatial and the temporal relations between the various land cover types. The method proposed here aims to accomplish that. At each pixel of the landscape, the time series of land cover type is modeled as a Markov Chain. That time series at any specific location is estimated jointly from the local satellite information, the neighboring ground truth land cover data, and any neighboring previously estimated time series deemed well-informed by the satellite measurements. The method is applied to detect anthropogenic changes in the Pearl River Delta, China. The prediction accuracy of the time series improves significantly, the accuracy almost double, when both spatial and temporal information are considered in the estimation process. The introduction of spatial continuity through indicator kriging also reduced unwanted speckles in the classified images, removing the need for post-processing.
Drug use by American soldiers in Europe

34 The incidence of drug abuse among Ameri can soldiers has been increasing at a rate similar to that of the civilian popula tion. Military studies have been conducted among soldiers stationed in the continental United States and Vietnam, but the problem among troops stationed in Europe has re ceived little investigative attention.1 Furthermore, although there have been numerous attempts to categorize drug users, either by classical psychiatric or charactero logical traits, no acceptable classification system has evolved from these efforts.2 And only one recent study has been primarily concerned with servicemen's reactions to
Cognitive Algebra in Multi-Attribute Attitude Models:

Research on multi-attribute attitude models has relied on correlational methods. An analysis of variance paradigm applied to individual level data supports the multiplicative assumption of multi-at...
The Effect of Implementation of Standardized, Evidence-Based Order Sets on Efficiency and Quality Measures for Pediatric Respiratory Illnesses in a Community Hospital

OBJECTIVE: Standardization of evidence-based care, resource utilization, and cost efficiency are commonly used metrics to measure inpatient clinical care delivery. The aim of our project was to evaluate the effect of pediatric respiratory order sets and an asthma pathway on the efficiency and quality measures of pediatric patients treated with respiratory illnesses in an adult community hospital setting. METHODS: We used a pre-post study to review pediatric patients admitted to the inpatient setting with the primary diagnoses of asthma, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia. Patients with concomitant chronic respiratory illnesses were excluded. After implementation of order sets and asthma pathway, we examined changes in respiratory medication use, hospital utilization cost, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day readmission rate. Statistical significance was measured via 2-tailed t-test and Fisher test. RESULTS: After implementation of evidence-based order sets and asthma pathway, utilization of bronchodilators decreased and the hospital utilization cost of patients with asthma was reduced from $2010 per patient in 2009 to $1174 per patient in 2011 (P CONCLUSION: The use of order sets and an asthma pathway was associated with a reduction in respiratory treatment use as well as hospitalization utilization costs. Statistically significant decrease in LOS was achieved within the asthma and bronchiolitis populations but not in the pneumonia population. No statistically significant effect was found on the 30-day readmission rates.
Effect of low density lipoprotein on adenosine receptor-mediated coronary vasorelaxation in vitro.

We investigated the effect of low density lipoprotein (LDL) on vasorelaxations and nitric oxide generation induced by the adenosine analogs, 5′-(N-ethylcarboxamide)adenosine, 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethyl-amino-5′N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and/or 2-chloroadenosine in porcine coronary artery rings in vitro . Preincubation of tissues with native LDL (100 and 200 μg/ml) for 4 hr in the absence or presence of copper sulfate (5 μM) selectively attenuated the endothelium-dependent relaxations elicited by 5′-(N-ethylcarboxamide)adenosine and 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethyl-amino-5′N-ethylcarboxamideoadenosine without altering the response to 2-chloroadenosine which produced endothelium-independent relaxation. The 4-hr exposure of tissues to native LDL (100 μg/ml) also inhibited the production of nitrite induced by 5′-(N-ethylcarboxamide)adenosine in endothelium-intact rings. These effects were associated with enhanced oxidation of the lipoprotein. The inhibitory action of LDL on tissue relaxations and nitrite generation as well as the oxidation of the lipoprotein were all prevented by high density lipoprotein (100 μg/ml). In contrast, a relatively short period (20 min) of tissue incubation with native LDL produced no alterations of the relaxations and nitrite production evoked by 5′-(N-ethylcarboxamide)adenosine and 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethyl-amino-5′N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine. Under this condition, the oxidation of LDL was not also significantly altered. In conclusion, the results indicate that in coronary artery LDL, with oxidative modification, causes attenuation of nitric oxide-mediated endothelial responses induced by adenosine receptors activation, and this effect is prevented by high density lipoprotein. Such modulation may be of importance in hypercholesterolemia and in the development of atherosclerosis.
Role of TROP2 in cancer and as potential therapeutic target

恶性肿瘤是全球最主要的死亡原因.据WHO统计,2008年全球死于癌症的人数为760万人,占全球所有死亡人数的13％[1].恶性肿瘤的早期诊断是提高患者长期生存率、甚至治愈的关键,探索有效的早期诊断和对患者预后判断的可靠指标显得非常重要.癌基因的过表达是导致恶性肿瘤发生、侵袭和转移的重要因素,针对癌基因表达进行检测对疾病的治疗效果判断和预后评估起着越来越重要的作用,而靶向治疗则有可能使患者获得生命的延长甚至治愈.TROP2(tumor-associated calcium signal transducers 2)是一种与恶性肿瘤发生、侵袭和转移有关的癌基因,本文对TROP2与恶性肿瘤的关系及其潜在的靶向治疗价值的研究进展进行综述。
S06.2 Herpes simplex virus vaccine development: pipelines and possibilities

Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection causes recurrent genital ulcers, neonatal herpes, and increases the risk of HIV acquisition. HSV-2, the most common cause of genital herpes, is highly prevalent worldwide, with an estimated 417 million people infected between the ages of 15–49. The urgent need for a prophylactic vaccine against genital HSV has been long recognized. Multiple glycoprotein subunit vaccines candidates have been tested but none have successfully prevented HSV-2 genital ulcer disease in phase III trials. Despite these findings, there is strong interest in pursuing novel vaccine platforms to induce immune responses to protect against HSV acquisition. Therapeutic vaccines to reduce genital symptoms and viral shedding in persons already infected with HSV-2 are also being tested in early phase clinical trials. The global STI vaccine roadmap provided a framework for research priorities to move the HSV vaccine field forward. This presentation will review 1) lessons from prior clinical trials of HSV vaccines, 2) new insights into immunology of HSV infection, 3) current status of HSV vaccine pipeline, with an emphasis on candidates currently in clinical trials and 4) discussion of clinical trial design issues unique to HSV.
A Project Management Focus: A Way for ABSEL to Grow

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a way for ABSEL to grow. It is this authorâ€™s observation and opinion that ABSELâ€™s major focus, business simulation design and execution, is not attracting an increasing number of members. This paper asks ABSEL members to consider trying to grow by attracting new groups of teachers and professors who teach experientially but do not focus on the kinds of games or exercises which have been ABSELâ€™s traditional concentration. I believe that ABSEL should try to attract those who teach via the project, especially those that teach project management experientially. This paper focus-es on project management, provides evidence that it can and is taught experientially, provides examples of courses in project management where an experiential pedagogy is used, and pro-vides evidence that other business professional pedagogical organizations have yet to feature project management as one of their topics covered.
In vivo 31P MRS assessment of intracellular NAD metabolites and NAD+/NADH redox state in human brain at 4 T

NAD(+) and NADH play key roles in cellular respiration. Intracellular redox state defined by the NAD(+) /NADH ratio (RX) reflects the cellular metabolic and physiopathological status. By taking advantage of high/ultrahigh magnetic field strengths, we have recently established a novel in vivo (31) P MRS-based NAD assay for noninvasive and quantitative measurements of intracellular NAD concentrations and redox state in animal and human brains at 16.4 T, 9.4 T and 7 T. To explore its potential for clinical application, in this study we investigated the feasibility of assessing the NAD metabolism and redox state in human brain at a lower field of 4 T by incorporating the (1) H-decoupling technique with the in vivo (31) P NAD assay. The use of (1) H decoupling significantly narrowed the linewidths of NAD and α-ATP resonances, resulting in higher sensitivity and better spectral resolution as compared with the (1) H-coupled (31) P spectrum. These improvements made it possible to reliably quantify cerebral NAD concentrations and RX, consistent with previously reported results obtained from similar age human subjects at 7 T. In summary, this work demonstrates the capability and utility of the (1) H-decoupled (31) P MRS-based NAD assay at lower field strength; thus, it opens new opportunities for studying intracellular NAD metabolism and redox state in human brain at clinical settings. This conclusion is supported by the simulation results, indicating that similar performance and reliability as observed at 4T can be achieved at 3 T with the same signal-to-noise ratio. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choosing from the health care reform menu.

Rising costs and diminished insurance coverage have reduced support for the U.S. health care system among all stakeholders. Proposals for reform have arrayed policymakers along discrete lines, with some favoring incremental reform, others endorsing an expanded role for employers, and still others pushing for a radical conversion to a publicly-financed, publicly-administered program. Each carries enough negatives to make it difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. Rather than waiting for a consensus on one or the other, the U.S. can adopt a strategy that would extend insurance coverage without fueling inflation. All Americans would be guaranteed coverage via a mandate on employers, an expanded public program, and creation of powerful quasi-governmental financial agents who would negotiate and set prices paid to providers.
Continuous-wave, room temperature, low voltage green–blue diode laser

One milestone in the II–VI semiconductor diode lasers was reached recently with the reported demonstration of brief cw laser operation in ZnSe-based quantum well (QW) devices at room temperature, where high reflectivity resonator facet coatings and efforts at efficient heat sinking were employed to reach the conditions necessary for lasing.1 Furthermore, the electrical bias necessary for laser operation was high, especially in terms of the threshold voltage (Vth ~ 10 V). By adapting a particular scheme for improved electrical contacting, in conjunction with an index guided, ridge-waveguide diode laser we show here that continuous wave operation at room temperature can be obtained from these types of devices, without resorting to facet coatings, at voltages of about 4 V.2
Evaluation of Shear Deformation Plate Theories of Composite Laminates

The structural theories used to model the global behavior of laminated composite plates fall into the category of “equivalent single layer (ESL) theories”. In these theories, the material properties of the constituent layers through the thickness are “smeared” to form an equivalent single layer plate. The present study deals with an evaluation of various ESL theories, including the third-order shear deformation theories, in predicting global response characteristics of composite laminates. In this work, all commonly used, displacement-based theories are unified as special cases of the general third order theory developed by Reddy [1,2] with the introduction of “tracers”. The equations of motion, analytical solutions, and finite element models have been derived for the unified theory, and the other theories simply fall out from this by proper assignment of tracers. Due to the space limitation, details of the theoretical development are omitted and only few representative results are presented here.
Wilderness therapy as a treatment modality for at-risk youth: A primer for mental health counselors.

Many mental health counselors identify adolescent clients as the most "difficult" clients with which to work because it is a challenge to engage them in the counseling experience (Church, 1994; Hanna et al., 1999; Gil, 1996). At-risk youth tend to be ill equipped to engage in traditional counseling interventions, which require them to be verbal and to disclose thoughts and feelings (Hanna et al., 1999; Davis-Berman & Berman, 1994). Wilderness therapy, a specialized approach within adventure-based counseling (Fletcher & Hinkle, 2002), provides an alternative treatment modality that maximizes the client's tendency to spontaneously self-disclose in environments outside the counseling office (Hanna et al.). This article provides an overview of wilderness therapy as a treatment modality and identifies the associated therapeutic factors in an effort to inform mental health counselors.
Needs-Based Innovation in Cardiovascular Medicine: The Stanford Biodesign Process.

More than a decade ago, a formalized fellowship training program in medical device innovation, the first of its kind, was created at Stanford University. Now in its 15th year, the Stanford Biodesign Fellowship Program is a 10-month program whereby postgraduate students with a prior background in medicine, engineering, and/or business form interdisciplinary teams for an experiential process of identifying unmet clinical needs, inventing new solutions, and implementing these ideas (the 3 "I's"). A key component of this structured process is focused attention on needs finding and characterization, which differs from the traditional "tech-push" model (i.e., technologies looking for problems to solve). Although the Stanford Biodesign process can be applied to a wide variety of clinical areas, cardiovascular medicine is particularly well suited, given the breadth of clinical presentations it touches and its history of innovation to solve important clinical problems. Physicians play a vital role in the process, especially for needs identification and characterization. This paper outlines the Stanford Biodesign process and presents an argument for its repeat applicability, discusses its relevance to physicians and to cardiologists in particular, and provides a case study of the process that resulted in a currently available cardiovascular medical technology that came directly from the Fellowship Program.
Plasma textiles as fibrous filter media

Plasma textiles are a new class of compact filters which provide enhanced submicron particle filtration for particle diameters ranging from 30 to 300 nm without exhibiting a most penetrating particle size (MPPS). Unlike traditional passive respiratory filters, plasma textiles are active tunable filters which can be manufactured from woven, nonwoven, or knitted fabrics. They are embedded with high-voltage electrodes to produce in-situ room temperature/cold plasma. Simultaneous charging and capture of incoming submicron particles are achieved by a corona discharge that is initiated by applying high voltages beyond 6 kV. Both the woven and the nonwoven plasma textiles provide filtration efficiencies close to 100% for ultra-fine particles, indicating that electrostatic forces dominate at higher voltages. The maximum filtration efficiency obtained with the woven plasma textile exceeds HEPA specification and the nonwoven plasma textile exceeds the filtration efficiency of ULPA filters.
Gluten-Free Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

The evidence is conflicting on whether gluten-free diets improve symptoms of IBS. Gluten-free diets may improve symptoms such as abdominal pain, stool consistency, and tiredness, and they can be recommended to patients with IBS.
Direct Synthesis of β-Aminoenals through Reaction of 1,2,3-Triazine with Secondary Amines

Simple and direct nucleophilic addition of secondary amines, including imidazole, to 1,2,3-triazine under mild reaction conditions (THF, 25–65 °C, 12–48 h), requiring no additives, cleanly provides β-aminoenals 4 in good yields (21 examples, 31–79%). The reaction proceeds by amine nucleophilic addition to C4 of the 1,2,3-triazine, in situ loss of N2, and subsequent imine hydrolysis to provide 4.
Patient associated motion detection with optical flow using microsoft Kinect V2

This work describes our recent work of detecting the patient associated motions in a hospital room. After we had installed the designed Kinect V2 sensor-based health system in the hospital, we began to face big data challenges. The acquired data is big in both size and content. In this paper, we will propose a method to filter the big data using optical flow methods. As a result, we can discard the unnecessary data and quickly target on the data including valuable motion information about the patient. The proposed methodology facilitates the follow-up activity detection and serves for evaluating the amount of the movement the patient generates to allow the caregiver to improve the treatment plan.
Families Paramyxoviridae and Pneumoviridae

Paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses are enveloped, negative-strand RNA viruses. They are spherical to pleomorphic and ~150–350 nm in diameter. Their genomes are unsegmented and code for 8–10 proteins from 7 to 9 open-reading frames. Genome replication and transcription are cytoplasmic. Transcription produces a gradient of mRNAs, with those near the 3′ end of the infecting genome the most abundant. mRNAs are capped and polyadenylated by the L protein. Both paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses encode two surface glycoproteins. One serves as the attachment protein while the second is a fusion (F) protein that requires cleavage but is fusogenic at neutral pH. Until very recently, the pneumoviruses were included within the family Paramyxoviridae . Common human pathogens include measles virus, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parinfluenza viruses. Rarely, zoonotic viruses such as Nipah virus and Hendra virus cause severe disease.
High efficiency screen-printed n-type silicon solar cell using co-diffusion of APCVD boron emitter and POCl 3 back surface field

Abstract We present the fabrication and analysis of Passivated Emitter and Rear Totally Diffused (PERT) solar cells on n-type silicon using a co-diffusion process. In a single high temperature step, a BSG/SiOx stack deposited by APCVD and a POCl3 back surface field diffuse into the wafer to form the boron doped emitter and phosphorus doped back surface field. The SiOx layer on top of BSG acts as a masking layer to prevent cross-doping of phosphorus as well as a blocking layer for boron out-diffusion. This resulted in an initial sheet resistance of 76 Ω/□ with good uniformity and a final p+ emitter sheet resistance of 97 Ω/□ after boron rich layer removal. Additionally, bulk lifetime was investigated before and after the high temperature step that resulted in an increase from 1.2 ms to 1.5 ms due to a POCl3 gettering effect. A peak cell efficiency of 20.3% was achieved and each recombination component in terms of saturation current density was calculated and analyzed to understand the cell for further efficiency enhancement.
The proximity-labeling technique BioID identifies sorting nexin 6 as a member of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-IGF1 receptor pathway.

The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with critical roles in various biological processes. Recent results from clinical trials targeting IGF1R indicate that IGF1R signaling pathways are more complex than previously thought. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that the function of many proteins can be understood only in the context of a network of interactions. To that end, we sought to profile IGF1R–protein interactions with the proximity-labeling technique BioID. We applied BioID by generating a HEK293A cell line that stably expressed the BirA* biotin ligase fused to the IGF1R. Following stimulation by IGF1, biotinylated proteins were analyzed by MS. This screen identified both known and previously unknown interactors of IGF1R. One of the novel interactors was sorting nexin 6 (SNX6), a protein that forms part of the retromer complex, which is involved in intracellular protein sorting. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we confirmed that IGF1R and SNX6 physically interact. SNX6 knockdown resulted in a dramatic diminution of IGF1-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but did not affect IGF1R internalization. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer experiments indicated that the SNX6 knockdown perturbed the association between IGF1R and the key adaptor proteins insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and SHC adaptor protein 1 (SHC1). Intriguingly, even in the absence of stimuli, SNX6 overexpression significantly increased Akt phosphorylation. Our study confirms the utility of proximity-labeling methods, such as BioID, to screen for interactors of cell-surface receptors and has uncovered a role of one of these interactors, SNX6, in the IGF1R signaling cascade.
Genome-Encoded Cytoplasmic Double-Stranded RNAs, Found in C9ORF72 ALS-FTD Brain, Provoke Propagated Neuronal Death

Innate immune signaling activation and DNA damage are pathological hallmarks of aging that may herald multiple adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that production of cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (cdsRNA) in murine olfactory neurons from a regulated, disarticulated transgene induces type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and neuronal death in both a cell autonomous and non-autonomous manner. CdsRNA is a pathogen associated molecular pattern that induces IFN-I in other cell types. Transfection of a dsRNA mimetic into cultured human neurons also induces IFN-I signaling and cell death. Direct relevance to human disease is found in neurons of ALS-FTD patients carrying C9ORF72 intronic hexanucleotide expansions; cdsRNA isolated from these tissues is comprised of repeat sequences. Together, these findings implicate cdsRNA generated from genomic sequences in neurons as a trigger for sterile, viral-mimetic IFN-I induction and propagated death within in a neural circuit.
Device attestation: Past, present, and future

In recent years we have seen a rise in popularity of networked devices. From traffic signals in a city's busiest intersection and energy metering appliances, to internet-connected security cameras, these embedded devices have become entrenched in everyday life. As a consequence, a need to ensure secure and reliable operation of these devices has also risen. Device attestation is a promising solution to the operational demands of embedded devices, especially those widely used in Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical System. In this paper, we summarize the basics of device attestation. We then present a summary of attestation approaches by classifying them based on their functionality and reliability guarantees they provide to networked devices. Lastly, we discuss the limitations and potential issues current mechanisms exhibit and propose new research directions.
Implementing Treatment of Opioid-Use Disorder in Rural Settings: a Focus on HIV and Hepatitis C Prevention and Treatment

To describe the epidemiology of opioid-use disorder in the rural United States (U.S.) as it pertains to HIV and hepatitis C transmission and treatment resources. Heroin and fentanyl analogs have surpassed prescription opioids in their availability in rural opioid markets adding to HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) and overdose risks. Only 18% of rural individuals live in towns with inpatient services which are of limited quality and utility. Opioid treatment programs that provide methadone are not located in rural areas and only 3% of the primary care providers have the ability to prescribe buprenorphine. National models and resources have been established but lack implementation in rural areas leading to ongoing HIV and HCV transmission and overdose. Addressing the adverse impact of opioids in the rural U.S. will require a concerted effort to implement effective treatments according to national standards.
Combined Cataract Extraction and Guarded Sclerectomy Reevaluation in the Extracapsular Era

Thirty-four eyes of 25 patients underwent a guarded sclerectomy in combination with either an intracapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction. The intraocular pressure was well-controlled in the early postoperative period in all but one case, and only one eye developed a flat anterior chamber that required surgical reformation. However, there was a high incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in both the intracapsular and extracapsular groups. These observations, as well as experience with extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation alone in glaucomatous eyes, have led to a reevaluation of the criteria for combined cataract and glaucoma surgery.
A Method for Online Stator Insulation Prognosis for Inverter-Driven Machines

A significant portion of faults experienced by electrical machines is caused by degraded insulation. In order to reduce the effects of a failure, it is important to monitor the health of the insulation, preferably while the machine continues operation without any expensive equipment. In this paper, an online method to calculate the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of the stator insulation with a simple equipment is proposed. The accelerated degradation testing was performed by exposing the stator of an electric machine to high temperatures. An extended Kalman filter algorithm is developed to calculate the RUL. A simple analog circuit is used to show how lower sampling rates can be used to capture the necessary information for prognosis. With this circuit, the same trend used to provide a prognosis for the insulation can be measured online without using any expensive or special technology.
Social responsibility and the marketing educator: A focus on stakeholders, ethical theories, and related codes of ethics

This paper is a commentary on the discussion document by M. Joseph Sirgy (1996) which attempts to develop a marketing educator code of ethics. The authors center their discussion around the concepts of "Social responsibilities in relation to certain publics" and "Social responsibilities in relation to certain actions", as presented in the Sirgy paper, "Certain Publics" issues and "Certain Actions" issues are both examined in light of each of the stakeholder groups, as well as in terms of several ethical theories. Finally, the proposed Academy of Marketing Science marketing educator code of ethics is compared to the ethics codes of other marketing organizations.
Wavefront reconstruction with defocus and transverse shift estimation using Kalman filtering

Abstract Many wavefront reconstruction techniques estimate the amplitude and phase from multiple intensity measurements. One can generate phase diversity among these intensity measurements by varying certain parameters in the optical system. These parameters are subject to noise and disturbances, which might strongly degrade the accuracy of the reconstruction. In this paper we present the use of stochastic filtering techniques to estimate the system variables in a multiple-image phase retrieval framework. An iterated extended Kalman filter is shown to effectively reduce the normalized mean-square-error of the reconstructed wavefront by estimating the defocus and transverse shifts of a moving camera in simulation. Experiments are conducted using two different test objects, and the results clearly demonstrate the enhancement of detail and contrast of the wavefront when using the filter. A quadratic phase introduced by a convex lens is used with a binary mask as one of the test objects. The focal length estimated from the unwrapped phase agrees with the ( ± 1% tolerance) value provided by the manufacturer.
Rapid differentiation of Lactobacillus species via metabolic profiling.

Abstract Lactobacillus , the major genus of lactic acid bacteria group, plays functional roles in the human body, for example, convert sugars to lactic acid. They are the significant microbiota which can be found at a number of human body sites, such as the digestive system, urinary system, and genital system . A number of Lactobacillus species are often used as probiotics and can benefit host health when administered in adequate amounts. Due to their diverse functional characteristics, it is essential to have identification and high-resolution typing techniques to support the need in health and nutritional research of Lactobacillus species. In this study, we took advantages of both targeted and untargeted metabolomic technologies by using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) in combination with a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid MS, to investigate their capability and performance in deciphering the subtle metabolic difference in four closely related Lactobacillus species/strains. First, we evaluated the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and high-resolution MS data for metabolite quantitation. Then the acquired data quality was further evaluated via the number of metabolites detected, the coefficient variation (CV) distribution, signal intensity distribution and so on. The established platforms were eventually applied to differentiate four Lactobacillus species in identical growth conditions. The proposed workflow demonstrated the capability of targeted and untargeted metabolomics in differentiating closely related bacterial strains/species.
Secondary Fracture Prevention: Lebanon

Abstract Lebanon is facing a rapid increase in the proportion of patients aged 65 years and above. This will result in an increased burden of osteoporosis in years to come. Given the low rate of bone fragility assessment and initiation of osteoporosis therapy following a fracture, secondary fracture prevention constitutes a challenge in this country. Secondary fracture prevention is based on a tripod. (1) Lectures and conferences in expert meetings, together with scientific publications and collaboration with international organisations, increase the level of awareness in the medical and paramedical community. (2) The Fracture Liaison Service initiative undertaken at Bellevue Medical Center, Beirut, being the first of its kind in the Middle East, will take secondary fracture prevention to the next level. (3) Official health-care authorities amended the prevailing health-care system allowing full health-care coverage for patients presenting with fragility fractures, offering free access to osteoporosis therapies as indicated and raising awareness for secondary prevention through public campaigns.
P16 Out of the Box Uses for Vegetables: Reframing the Old to Draw Interest and Improve Health

Objective To increase participant knowledge about new ways to use and prepare vegetables, increase the amount and variety of vegetables participants consume, and reduce the amount of vegetables participants throw away. Use of Theory or Research Social cognitive theory constructs of self-efficacy, behavioral capability, and outcome expectations were used to design the program and increase likelihood of behavior change. Target Audience Adults at worksites or community centers in Polk County, Florida, during convenient times for the audience. Program Description A class titled “Out of the Box Uses for Vegetables” was created to put a different spin on eating vegetables. Class participants learn the recommended servings per day, health benefits of vegetables, basic cooking methods that work for most vegetables, and how to save money and reduce food waste by making simple and fun additions or substitutions to foods using vegetables. This class uses integrative methods, including brainstorming and discussion among participants, and taught at an intermediate level. Food demonstrations, such as carrot dogs, were done to showcase a unique use of vegetables. Evaluation Methods A retrospective pre-post survey was used to evaluate knowledge gain and intent to change behavior. Results As a result of the class, 94% of participants (n = 34) said they have new ideas for using vegetables, 97% were extremely or somewhat likely to increase the amount of vegetables they eat, 97% were extremely or somewhat likely to increase the variety, and 83% were less likely to throw away vegetables. Conclusion This class has drawn interest from class site locations and shows promise in helping people eat more vegetables and over time lead to improved health and lower health care costs. Secondarily, this class can help reduce food waste thereby creating a more sustainable food system with less impact on our environment.
Development of the FPIES Center

Once a child is suspected to have or diagnosed with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), parents/families may seek the opinion of an allergist, gastroenterologist, and/or dietitian. In this chapter, we review the rationale and development of a joint multispecialty clinic in which patients are seen by specialists in allergy, gastroenterology, and nutrition. We work together to facilitate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of FPIES or referral for other allergic/gastrointestinal diagnoses while supporting appropriate growth and development through diet advancement and supplementation.
Optimal Radiotherapy Dose in Anal Cancer: Trends in Prescription Dose and Association with Survival.

Definitive chemoradiotherapy represents a standard of care treatment for localized anal cancer. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend radiotherapy (RT) doses of ≥ 45 Gy and escalation to 50.4–59 Gy for advanced disease. Per RTOG 0529, 50.4 Gy was prescribed for early-stage disease (cT1-2N0), and 54 Gy for locally advanced cancers (cT3-T4 and/or node positive). We assessed patterns of care and overall survival (OS) with respect to the RT dose. The National Cancer Database identified patients with non-metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma from 2004 to 2015 treated with chemoradiotherapy. Patients were stratified by RT dose: 40– 54–60 Gy. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were computed using Cox regression modeling. A total of 10,524 patients were identified with a median follow-up of 40.7 months. The most commonly prescribed RT dose was 54 Gy. On multivariate analysis, RT doses of 40– 54–60 Gy compared with 50–54 Gy. For early-stage disease, there was no significant association between RT dose and OS. For locally advanced disease, 45– 54–60 Gy vs. 54 Gy (HR 1.08 [0.97–1.22], P = 0.166). For patients with localized anal cancer, RT doses of ≥ 45 Gy were associated with improved OS. For locally advanced disease, 54 Gy but not > 54 Gy was associated with improved OS.
Following the Script: An Exploratory Study of the Therapeutic Reasoning Underlying Physicians' Choice of Antimicrobial Therapy.

Purpose Physicians frequently prescribe antimicrobials inappropriately, leading to an increase in the rate of resistance, which in turn, harms patients. To better understand why physicians prescribe specific antimicrobials in particular cases, the authors investigated the decision-making processes underlying physicians' antimicrobial choice (i.e., their antimicrobial reasoning). Method Applying a clinical reasoning framework, the authors conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of attending physicians in infectious diseases and hospital medicine at 2 hospitals in fall 2018. An interviewer asked participants to describe how they would choose which antimicrobial to prescribe in 3 clinical vignettes, to recall how they chose an antimicrobial in an example from their own practice, and to indicate their steps in antimicrobial selection generally. The authors identified steps and factors in antimicrobial reasoning through thematic analysis of interviews and the note cards that participants used to delineate their general antimicrobial reasoning processes. Results Sixteen participants described 3 steps in the antimicrobial reasoning process: naming the syndrome, delineating pathogens, and selecting the antimicrobial (therapy script). They mentioned 25 different factors in their reasoning processes, which the authors grouped into 4 areas: preexisting patient characteristics, current case features, provider and health care system factors, and treatment principles. Participants used antimicrobial (therapy) scripts that included 14 different drug characteristics. The authors present the steps and factors in a framework for antimicrobial reasoning. Conclusions Through this exploratory study, the authors identified steps and factors involved in physicians' antimicrobial reasoning process, as well as the content of their antimicrobial (therapy) scripts. They organized all these findings into a framework for antimicrobial decision making. This information may ultimately be adapted into educational tools to improve antimicrobial prescribing across the spectrum of learners and practicing physicians.
Extended release pellets prepared by hot melt extrusion technique for abuse deterrent potential: Category-1 in-vitro evaluation

Abstract The objective of the present study was to develop extended-release (ER) hot-melt extruded (HME) abuse-deterrent pellets of acetaminophen, a model drug, by utilizing high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) and gelling agents (xanthan gum, guar gum, and gellan gum). The HME pellets were evaluated for their abuse-deterrence (AD) potential by Category-1 laboratory in-vitro evaluation parameters, including particle size reduction (PSR), small volume extraction, dissolution, viscosity, syringeability, and injectability. Further, the pellets were investigated for resistance to physical (crushing) and thermal (oven and microwave) manipulation to evaluate the strength of the AD properties. Physical manipulation studies demonstrated that the pellets were intact, extremely hard, and resistant to PSR and manipulation to bypass ER properties. Dissolution of all intact and physically manipulated pellets led to complete drug release within 8 h, and resistance to dose-dumping in 40% ethanol was observed. The drug extraction was
Hybrid SEM-neural networks for predicting electronics logistics information system adoption in Thailand healthcare supply chain

The aim of this work is to examine the adoption of the electronics logistics information system in healthcare industry in Thailand by using structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Neural network is then employed to test and confirm the research model. These approaches are applied to analyse the effect of all independent constructs and behavioural intention to adopt e-logistics information system by healthcare workers. Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) was used to examine electronics logistics information system adoption in the hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to determine how well the measured variables represent the constructs. SEM was then introduced to analyse the relationship among the variables. Lastly, neural network was applied to predict the relative importance of each independent variable. The study from SEM revealed that seven potential variables of behavioural intention from UTAUT2 for the adoption of e-logistics can be compressed into six variables (performance expectancy, perceived value and support, price value, social influence and facilitating conditions, perceived ease of use and habit). Three significant variables for the e-logistics in hospital adoption in Thailand (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and habit) are proven to be statistically significant.
Parents’ assets and child marriage: Are mother's assets more protective than father's assets?

Abstract Child marriage places girls at an increased risk for dropping out of school early, sexually transmitted infections, teenage childbirth, and accompanying childbirth complications, including maternal mortality. The determinants of child marriage are not clearly understood, which hinders efforts to mount effective interventions. This study examined the link between economic resources and child marriage by investigating whether maternal and paternal asset ownership were longitudinally associated with daughters’ child marriage in Ethiopia. Drawing upon household bargaining theory, it was hypothesized that maternal assets would be more protective of daughters’ child marriage than paternal assets. Data for 4293 girls from the nationally representative Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey, fielded in 2011 and 2014, were employed. Logistic regression and instrumental variable analyses were used to examine the relationship between transition into child marriage during the study period and maternal and paternal assets, controlling for child-, family-, and community-level characteristics. Results show that a one standard deviation increase in mother’s assets was associated with 37–53% lower odds of daughter’s child marriage whereas a one standard deviation increase in paternal asset holdings was associated with 0–37% higher odds of daughter’s child marriage. Effects were strongest in regions where the dominant mode of marriage payments is bride price. These results suggest that the link between economic resources and child marriage depends on the gender of the parent who owns the resources. This study also highlights the interconnectedness of two targets of the gender equality Sustainable Development Goal—improvement of women’s ownership of assets and the elimination of child marriage—and suggests that the realization of one gender equality target could have implications for other targets.