cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medium Altitude Endurance Unmanned Air Vehicle

The medium altitude endurance unmanned air vehicle (MAE UAV) program (formerly the tactical endurance TE UAV) is a new effort initiated by the Department of Defense to develop a ground launched UAV that can fly out 500 miles, remain on station for 24 hours, and return. It will transmit high resolution optical, infrared, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of well-defended target areas through satellite links. It will provide near-real-time, releasable, low cost/low risk surveillance, targeting and damage assessment complementary to that of satellites and manned aircraft. The paper describes specific objectives of the MAE UAV program (deliverables and schedule) and the program's unique position as one of several programs to streamline the acquisition process under the cognizance of the newly established Airborne Reconnaissance Office. I discuss the system requirements and operational concept and describe the technical capabilities and characteristics of the major subsystems (airframe, propulsion, navigation, sensors, communication links, ground station, etc.) in some detail.
Stock prices and domestic and international macroeconomic activity: a cointegration approach

Abstract This paper supports the existence of a significant, long-run relationship between stock prices and domestic and international economic activity in six European economies. Johansen Cointegration tests demonstrate that stock price levels are significantly related to industrial production, business surveys of manufacturing orders, short- and long-term interest rates as well as foreign stock prices, short-term interest rates and production. Variance decomposition methods support the strong explanatory power of macroeconomic variables in contributing to the forecast variance of stock prices. Hence, stock prices are determined by macroeconomic activity.
Charge density waves effects on the phonon modes of 1T-TaS2

Abstract The effects of lattice distortion driven charge density waves on the 1T polytype of TaS2 are reported. The results of a raman study of this transition metal dichalcogenide show features consistent with results previously reported using resistivity and electron diffraction techniques. The possibility of the presence of a phason mode in the raman spectra is suggested and the temperature dependence of this mode is fitted to the expected functional form.
Active site profiling reveals coupling between domains in SRC-family kinases

Protein kinases, key regulators of intracellular signal transduction, have emerged as an important class of drug targets. Chemical proteomic tools that facilitate the functional interrogation of protein kinase active sites are powerful reagents for studying the regulation of this large enzyme family and for performing inhibitor selectivity screens. Here we describe a new crosslinking strategy that enables rapid and quantitative profiling of protein kinase active sites in lysates and live cells. Applying this methodology to the SRC-family kinases (SFKs) SRC and HCK led to the identification of a series of conformation-specific, ATP-competitive inhibitors that display a distinct preference for autoinhibited forms of these kinases. Furthermore, we show that ligands that demonstrate this selectivity are able to modulate the ability of the regulatory domains of SRC and HCK to engage in intermolecular binding interactions. These studies provide insight into the regulation of this important family of tyrosine kinases.
Isotope separation using plasma heating at the two-ion resonance

Abstract We previously reported measurements of ionization rates of kiloamperes in pulsed laser-initiated vacuum arcs. Extraction of compensated high current ion streams from this discharge into a strong uniform magnetic field would open up the possibility of high flux isotope separation for many metals using externally driven rf plasma modes, such as the Buchsbaum two-ion resonance. Preliminary considerations are outlined for this proposal.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of the adsorption of thioacetamide on copper and silver electrodes: Coordination of surface species to metals through sulfur atom

Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the adsorption of thioacetamide on Cu and Ag electrodes. The predominantly CS stretching at 720 cm −1 for the free thioacetamide molecule is shifted to lower frequencies by 20–30 cm −1 upon adsorption on Cu and Ag surfaces. It is concluded that the thioacetamide molecule is bonded via its S atom to the metal surfaces.
Oxidized forms of ovine erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Cyanide inhibition of a 4-glutathione:4-selenoenzyme.

[75Se]Glutathione peroxidase (glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) containing 4 mol selenium per mol was isolated in 33% yield using 10% ethanol to stabilize the purified enzyme. When reduced with GSH and rapidly separated from GSH by gel filtration chromatography, GSH peroxidase was eluted in a labile oxidized (iodiacetate-insensitive) form which was stable at 4°C but unstable at 25°C (form A). When GSH-reduced enzyme was allowed to oxidize in the course of dialysis a more stable oxidized form was obtained to oxidize in the course of dialysis a more stable oxidized form was obtained (form C) which was rapidly inactivated by cyanide. Using [35S]GSH, form C was shown to contain tightly bound glutathione in approx. equimolar ratio with selenium. The cyanide sensitivity of GSH peroxidase is therefore correlated with the presence of a glutathione moiety in the enzyme. The isolation of GSH peroxidase containing bound glutathione suggests that intermediates containing glutathione bound to selenium may be formed during the catalytic cycle.
Interstitial-electron model for lattice dynamics in fcc metals.

We propose and test the interstitial-electron model (IEM) for lattice dynamics in close-packed structures. The IEM model treats the valence electrons as classical lattice particles localized at interstitial tetrahedral positions, as suggested by the ab initio generalized-valence-bond cluster calculations of McAdon and Goddard. We apply the IEM to the fcc metals Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, and Cu using a simple six-parameter description (nearest-neighbor electron-electron, electron-ion, ion-ion terms, each with two parameters) to exactly fit lattice constants, elastic constants (C11,C12,C44), and the two lattice modes at the X point in the first Brillouin zone. The predicted phonon-dispersion relations are in excellent agreement with experiment for all branches in the high-symmetry [100], [110], and [111] directions. The explicit inclusion of valence electrons in the interparticle interactions implicitly includes what would be considered as many-body effects in the usual ion-ion scheme (e.g., C12≠C44). Such force fields should also be useful for describing nonperiodic systems (surfaces, clusters, and defects).
Temporal stability of the location of the esophagus in patients undergoing a repeat left atrial ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation or flutter

Background: The esophagus may be mobile during a left atrial (LA) ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective: The goal of the study was to determine whether the location of the esophagus is stable in patients undergoing a repeat LA ablation procedure. Methods: Forty-two patients underwent repeat LA ablation a mean of 7 ± 2 months after the initial procedure. Cinefluoroscopic images of the esophagus during a barium swallow were recorded and the course of the esophagus was tagged on the 3D map. The position of the esophagus at the index and repeat procedure were compared. Results: At the index procedure, the esophagus was located near the left pulmonary veins (PVs) in 20 (48%), right PVs in 13 (31%), and at the mid LA in 9 (21%) patients. During the repeat procedure, the esophagus was found to be near the left PVs in 22 (52%), right PVs in 11 (26%), and at the mid LA in 9 patients (21%). In 35 of the 42 patients (83%), there was no change in the esophageal location, and in the remaining seven patients (17%), its position had shifted by ≥1 cm (range 1.0–4.0 cm). Conclusions: In more than 80% of patients presenting for a repeat LA ablation procedure, the esophagus is in the same position relative to the PVs as during the initial procedure. Therefore, if radiofrequency ablation at a particular location was limited by the position of the esophagus, safe ablation at that site is unlikely to be feasible during a repeat procedure.
Similarity search profiles as a diagnostic tool for the analysis of virtual screening calculations.

An analysis method termed similarity search profiling has been developed to evaluate fingerprint-based virtual screening calculations. The analysis is based on systematic similarity search calculations using multiple template compounds over the entire value range of a similarity coefficient. In graphical representations, numbers of correctly identified hits and other detected database compounds are separately monitored. The resulting profiles make it possible to determine whether a virtual screening trial can in principle succeed for a given compound class, search tool, similarity metric, and selection criterion. As a test case, we have analyzed virtual screening calculations using a recently designed fingerprint on 23 different biological activity classes in a compound source database containing ∼1.3 million molecules. Based on our predefined selection criteria, we found that virtual screening analysis was successful for 19 of 23 compound classes. Profile analysis also makes it possible to determine comp...
Robotic surgery: identifying the learning curve through objective measurement of skill

Background: The incorporation of new devices into surgical practice often requires that surgeons acquire and master new skills. We studied the learning curve for intracorporeal knot tying in robotic surgery. Methods: We developed an objective scoring system to evaluate knot tying and tested eight attending surgeons during 3 weeks of training on a surgical robot. Each performed intracorporeal knot tying tasks both before and after robotic skills training. These performances were compared to their laparoscopic knots and analyzed to determine and define skill improvement. Results: Baseline laparoscopic knot completion took 140 sec (range, 47–432), with a mean composite score of 77 (100 possible), whereas robotic knot tying took 390 sec, with a mean composite score of 40. After initial robotic training, times decreased by 65% to 139 sec and scores increased to 71. With more training, completion times and composite scores were improved and errors were reduced. Conclusion: Like any new technology, surgical robotics requires dedicated training to achieve mastery. Initially, even experienced laparoscopists may register an inferior performance. However, after adequate training, surgeons can exceed their laparoscopic performance, completing intracorporeal knots better and faster using robotics.
Nipple skin-sparing mastectomy is feasible for advanced disease.

Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) or nipple skin-sparing mastectomy (NSSM) are procedures commonly offered as part of the surgical treatment for breast cancer. Each involves a mastectomy with preservation of the skin overlying the breast (in SSM) and often also the skin overlying the nipple-areolar complex (NSSM). At the time of mastectomy, immediate reconstruction with a tissue expander or implant is performed for a more favorable cosmetic outcome. Until now, these procedures have been reserved for low-risk patients and are rarely offered to patients with advanced disease where neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postmastectomy radiation are a planned part of the treatment. We report our experience of SSM and NSSM in such high-risk patients. This retrospective study from 2001 to 2012 evaluates the outcomes of 527 patients who underwent SSM or NSSM. Sixty patients with advanced disease who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by SSM or NSSM with immediate reconstruction and subsequent radiotherapy (RT) were identified. The cosmetic and oncologic outcomes of this patient group were noted. A total of 527 patients in our study group had a total of 1,035 skin-sparing mastectomies (558 NSSM and 477 SSM; 444 patients with bilateral and 83 with unilateral procedures). Of the 60 patients with locally advanced disease, 39 underwent NSSM and 21 underwent SSM. All patients received RT to the diseased side. Mean age of the group was 50.2 ± 10.8 years, with a range of 27–75 years for NSSM and 29–73 years for SSM. The lymph node status was positive in 71.8 % with an average tumor size of 3.8 ± 2.5 cm. The overall radiation-induced complication rate was 38.1 % (8 of 21) in the SSM group and 30.8 % (12 of 39) in the NSSM group. Wound infections and tissue necrosis occurred at a rate of 16.7 %. The implant was removed in 5 % of these cases. Capsular contracture occurred at a rate of 10.2 %. Radiation-related nonbreast complications occurred in 6.7 % of the cases. Examples of these radiation-related nonbreast complications included radiation pneumonitis, stenosis of the superior vena cava requiring venoplasty and severe atypical chest pain thought to be consistent with osteochondritis. The locoregional recurrence rate (median follow-up of 18 months) was 14.3 % (3 of 21) in the SSM group and 10.3 % (4 of 39) in the NSSM group. SSM and NSSM have been offered to patients with relatively low-risk breast cancer as oncologically safe while affording superior cosmesis with one-step immediate reconstruction. Our series demonstrates that either procedure can be offered to patients with more advanced cancers requiring postoperative RT. The complication rates are comparable to those reported for patients undergoing RT after traditional mastectomies.
The electronic structure of nitrosyl and carbonyl supported metal-metal interactions. The photoelectron spectra of [η5-(C5H5)Fe(μ-NO)]2, [η5-(C5(CH3)5)Fe(μ-NO)]2, [η5-(C5H5)Ru(μ-NO)]2 and [η5-(C5(CH3)5)Co(μ-CO)]2

Abstract The valence photoelectron ionizations of[CpFe(μ-NO)] 2 , [Cp*Fe(μ-NO)] 2 , [CpRu(μ-NO)] 2 and [Cp*Co(μ-CO)] 2 (Cp = η 5 -C 5 H 5 and Cp* = η 5 -C 5 (CH 3 ) 5 ) are examined in comparison to several theoretical calculations of the electronic structure and bonding in these complexes. The photoelectron spectra of this group of complexes, when collected together, allow identification of the eight valence metal-based ionizations. There is considerable disparity among the various calculations on the predicted order of these ionizations. The combination of Fenske—Hall calculations with experimental observations of ionization trends between isoelectronic first row complexes [Fe(NO) vs Co(CO)], between first and second row complexes (Fe vs Ru), and between complexes with ring methylation (Cp vs Cp*) allows a consistent assignment of the valence ionizations. The interplay of theory and experiment gives unique insight into the nature of bridging ligand coordination and clarifies the relative strengths of metal—ligand and metal—metal interactions, in each complex. It is found that as many metal—metal antibonding orbitals are occupied as metal—metal bonding orbitals, so that the formal metal—metal bond order is zero. The interactions are important in defining the bonding and stability of the complexes. These interactions lead to large ligand character in two of the valence ionizations.
Functionals with sign-definite derivative for the stabilization of delay systems

We present new conditions for the uniform asymptotic stability of equilibria in delay systems. These conditions are based on Lyapunov functionals that have negative definite derivatives along the trajectories of the system only on some part of the phase space.
Some clumping experiments for associative document retrieval

The paper describes a computational procedure for defining associations between words used to index a collection of documents. Using association structures generated by the procedure in a small document collection, a retrieval model is described and the results of trial retrievals are evaluated. The techniques described appear to be applicable in practice for retrieval in large collections.
Comparison Of Translate-Rotate And Pure Rotary Computed Tomography (CT) Body Scanners

Two types of fast fan-beam CT body scanners are in widespread clinical use. A bi-modal type employs a series of linear translations followed by rotational steps. Rotary scanners use pure rotary motion of the source and detector or source alone (stationary detector type). We have conducted comparison studies using production models of an EMI-5005 and a GE CT/T installed at the Department of Radiology, U.C.S.F. These include quantitative determinations of noise and resolution, semiquantitative comparisons using phantoms, and qualitative evaluation of CT images obtained from double-scanned patients. Image quality of the two machines is roughly comparable under normal use. The most important differences involve the frequency and character of artifacts. The smoothness and speed of the rotary system's scanning motion greatly reduces that systems sensitivity to patient-motion-related streak artifacts. On the other hand the translate-rotate system currently offers higher spatial resolution and optional slow, high-dose, high-sensitivity scans.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Antisocial personality disorder and alcohol-induced aggression

This study compared the effects of alcohol on aggressive responding between subjects with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and subjects without ASPD. Eighteen alcohol drinking subjects (10 subjects without ASPD and 8 subjects with ASPD) underwent testing on a laboratory measure of aggression, the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm, after consumption of placebo and three doses of alcohol (0.25 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg, and 1.0 g/kg). There was a significant difference in the effect of alcohol on aggressive responding on the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm between subjects with ASPD and subjects without ASPD. Subjects with ASPD had a greater increase in aggressive responding after alcohol, compared with non-ASPD subjects. There was no difference between the two groups in the effect of alcohol on monetary-reinforced responding.
Outcomes after excision of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) has a high but variable recurrence rate. Prior studies do not compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) for various surgical approaches or salvage surgery for relapse. We therefore determined: (1) RFS after excision; (2) RFS after salvage surgery for relapse; (3) factors associated with relapse. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 patients with previously untreated PVNS of the knee (12 localized, 37 diffuse) who were treated with synovectomy from 1991 to 2008; there were 22 males and 27 females, with mean age of 35.2 years (range, 10–73). Minimum followup was 1 year (mean, 6.2 years; range, 1–13). Twenty-one patients had a relapse. The RFS for index surgery was 75% and 53%; and for salvage surgery was 71% and 52% at 2 and 5 years respectively. The RFS was 95% for open versus 62% for arthroscopic synovectomy at 2 years, 71% and 41% at 5 years. The RFS was 91% for localized and 70% for diffuse PVNS at 2 years, 73% and 48% at 5 years. Diffuse disease (RR = 4.49) and arthroscopic synovectomy (RR = 3.30) were associated with relapse. Recurrence was frequent after synovectomy. Reexcision can salvage relapses as successfully as excision for primary disease; however, morbidity was associated with additional surgeries. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Refining transcriptions: the significance of transcriber 'errors'.

This work describes the importance of the transcription process in studies of speech and language acquisition. Using data collected from a hearing child of deaf parents, the three authors derived independent transcriptions of the same speech sample and systematically compared their transcripts with each other and with the best estimate of the speaker's actual productions. The resultant transcripts were used to produce two descriptions of this child's phonological system, one based on a liberal estimate and one on a conservative estimate of the potential error in the transcripts. Discussion includes suggestions for deriving percentages of inter-transcriber agreement and the utility of such figures as a metric of transcription difficulty as well as transcriber ability.
On the maximal space analyticity radius for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations and energy cascades

In this paper, we study the maximal space analyticity radius associated with a regular solution of the Navier–Stokes equations and its connection to turbulence. In order to do this, we introduce a new auxiliary ODE for the evolution of the analyticity radius involving the Gevrey class norms. We further show that jumps in the maximal space analyticity radius are an intermittent event and are connected to inverse energy cascade. Our approach also leads to a new type of global regularity test for the Navier–Stokes equation.
Overexpression of Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Extends Life Span in Drosophila melanogaster*

The hypothesis that overexpression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in de novo glutathione biosynthesis, could extend life span was tested in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The GAL4-UAS binary transgenic system was used to generate flies overexpressing either the catalytic (GCLc) or modulatory (GCLm) subunit of this enzyme, in a global or neuronally targeted pattern. The GCL protein content of the central nervous system was elevated dramatically in the presence of either global or neuronal drivers. GCL activity was increased in the whole body or in heads, respectively, of GCLc transgenic flies containing global or neuronal drivers. The glutathione content of fly homogenates was increased by overexpression of GCLc or GCLm, particularly in flies overexpressing either subunit globally, or in the heads of GCLc flies possessing neuronal drivers. Neuronal overexpression of GCLc in a long-lived background extended mean and maximum life spans up to 50%, without affecting the rate of oxygen consumption by the flies. In contrast, global overexpression of GCLm extended the mean life span only up to 24%. These results demonstrate that enhancement of the glutathione biosynthetic capability, particularly in neuronal tissues, can extend the life span of flies, and thus support the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging.
Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part III: Marine Ice Loss and Total Mass Balance (1840–2010)

AbstractGreenland ice sheet mass loss to the marine environment occurs by some combination of iceberg calving and underwater melting (referred to here as marine ice loss, LM). This study quantifies the relation between LM and meltwater runoff (R) at the ice sheet scale. A theoretical basis is presented explaining how variability in R can be expected to govern much of the LM variability over annual to decadal time scales. It is found that R enhances LM through three processes: 1) increased glacier discharge by ice warming–softening and basal lubrication–sliding; 2) increased calving susceptibility through undercutting glacier front geometry and reducing ice integrity; and 3) increased underwater melting from forcing marine convection. Applying a semiempirical LM f(R) parameterization to a surface mass balance reconstruction enables total ice sheet mass budget closure over the 1840–2010 period. The estimated cumulative 171-yr net ice sheet sea level contribution is 25 ± 10 mm, the rise punctuated by periods...
Design and Synthesis of C6-C8 Bridged Epothilone A

A conformationally restrained epothilone A analogue (3) with a short bridge between methyl groups at C6 and C8 was designed and synthesized. Preliminary biological evaluation indicates 3 to be only weakly active (IC50 = 8.5 µM) against the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line.
Aortic baroreceptors exert a tonically active restraining influence on centrally mediated depressor responses.

This study tested the hypothesis that aortic baroreceptors exert a central restraining influence on centrally mediated depressor responses and that this mechanism is tonically active and is independent of their modulation of basal arterial pressure. The effects of short-term (48-72 h) aortic baroreceptor deafferentation (ABD) on the acute hemodynamic (peripherally mediated pressor and centrally mediated depressor) effects of clonidine were investigated in conscious and anesthetized normotensive rats. ABD caused an immediate increase in basal arterial pressure and heart rate and a significant attenuation of the baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate. Since only arterial pressure subsided to control levels by 48-72 h, the data suggest that central reorganizational changes were potent enough to overcome the tonically active restraining influence of aortic baroreceptors on basal arterial pressure but not heart rate. Clonidine produced a similar pressor effect in conscious ABD and sham rats but its depressor effect was significantly greater in ABD rats whose baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate was significantly attenuated. Intracisternal (i.c.) administration of 0.1 microgram of clonidine, a dose that had no effect when administered i.v., produced a near-maximal depressor effect in conscious ABD rats vs. no effect in sham rats (-16.7 +/- 4.1 vs. -0.3 +/- 2 mm Hg; p less than 0.001). The depressor effect of clonidine was also enhanced in chloralose-anesthetized rats and coincided with an anesthesia-induced attenuation of the baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate. It is concluded that aortic baroreceptors exert a potent restraining influence on the centrally mediated depressor effect of clonidine. Since ABD had no significant effect on the depressor response to nitroprusside, but enhanced the depressor response to ganglion blockade by hexamethonium, the data suggest that a higher peripheral sympathetic neural activity existed in ABD rats. The reorganizational changes that occurred within 48-72 h after ABD were potent enough to overcome the tonically active restraining influence of aortic baroreceptors on basal arterial pressure but not on the centrally mediated depressor responses. Thus, the buffering influence of aortic baroreceptors and their central projections on centrally mediated depressor responses seems to be tonically involved in blood pressure control.
Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence

Background & Methods: Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) often develop psychiatric disorders. We examined the extent and correlates of comorbidity between two of the disorders most frequently linked to trauma – major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – in a group of 44 women who were victims of IPV within the preceding 2 years. Results: MDD (68.2%) and PTSD (50.0%) were highly prevalent on a lifetime basis in female victims of IPV. On a current basis, MDD (18.2%) and IPV-related PTSD (31.8%) were more frequently comorbid (42.9% of cases of current IPV-related PTSD also had MDD) than would be expected by chance (P<0.001). Most cases of current MDD occurred in persons who also had current IPV-related PTSD. Severity of depressive and PTSD symptoms were highly correlated (r=0.84). Although women with PTSD were significantly more disabled than women without PTSD, persons with comorbid PTSD and MDD were not significantly more disabled than those with PTSD alone. Limitations: Cross-sectional study; entry criteria for study may limit generalizability. Conclusions: PTSD and MDD symptoms are frequently seen in the aftermath of IPV, and often co-occur. The usefulness of the distinction between PTSD and MDD in this context remains to be determined, both in terms of diagnostic classification and prognostic implications.
Multiple-Century Response of a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model to an Increase of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Abstract To speculate on the future change of climate over several centuries, three 500-year integrations of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model were performed. In addition to the standard integration in which the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide remains unchanged, two integrations are conducted. In one integration, the C02 concentration increases by 1% yr−1 (compounded) until it reaches four times the initial value at the 140th year and remains unchanged thereafter. In another integration, the C02 concentration also increases at the rate of 1% yr−1 until it reaches twice the initial value at the 70th year and remains unchanged thereafter. One of the most notable features of the C02-quadrupling integration is the gradual disappearance of thermohaline circulations in most of the model oceans during the first 250-year period, leaving behind wind-driven cells. For example, thermohaline circulation nearly vanishes in the North Atlantic during the fist 200 years of the integration. In the Weddell and R...
Strange goings on in the proton

Abstract We critically examine the proton matrix elements of pseudoscalar quark densities which based on naive chiral symmetry arguments indicate a large strange quark content of the proton. Using the generalized three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we show that the form factor related to the matrix element 〈 U | s i γ 5 s | U 〉 is considerably quenched with increasing mass of the strange quark. We briefly discuss its experimental implication on the charge asymmetry in pp and nn scattering lenghts. Finally, we calculate the strange component of the anomalous magnetic moment which can be extracted from neutrino-nucleon scattering. We find a small but non-vanishing value.
Pediatric overactive bladder and lower urinary tract dysfunctions: diagnosis and treatment

The most common lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in children is overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). This has been known by numerous other names such as urge syndrome, urgency frequency syndrome, hyperactive bladder syndrome, persistent infantile bladder and detrusor hypertonia. Recently, the International Children’s Continence Society has been attempting to standardize the nomenclature; OAB is the accepted terminology today. OAB is defined by the presence of one or all the following symptoms: urgency, frequency, urge incontinence and nocturia, which is less common in children than in the adults. This constellation of symptoms in general represents what the International Children’s Continence Society defines as storage symptoms. Until recently, the concepts that had been used to dictate the management of this problem in children were based on the foundation that this was primarily a bladder problem (small bladder capacity) and/or a delay in maturation in the nervous system of children. The expectation ...
The Decade of the Brain: an era of promise for neurosurgery and a call to action.

✓ On July 25, 1989, President Bush signed a bill declaring the 1990's to be the Decade of the Brain. This offers the clinical and basic neuroscience communities an opportunity to join with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in moving ahead vigorously with research aimed at preventing and treating neurological disease. Neurosurgery must be an active participant in this national endeavor; its influence, skills, and contributions are needed.
FATIGUE AND FRACTURE OF STEEL GIRDERS

This paper presents an overview of materials selection, design, and detailing of steel girders for fatigue and fracture limit states. The historical context of the fracture control plan for bridges is presented. A discussion of fracture toughness of structural steel and weld metal is presented along with typical Charpy and fracture-toughness test data, including the new high-performance steel A709 HPS 485W. Fatigue of cover plate details and distortion-induced cracking are discussed. Methods of dealing with variable-amplitude loading are then compared to test data.
Binding, Relational Memory, and Recall of Naturalistic Events: A Developmental Perspective.

This research was an investigation of children's performance on a task that requires memory binding. In Experiments 1 and 2, 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and adults viewed complex pictures and were tested on memory for isolated parts in the pictures and on the part combinations (combination condition). The results suggested improvement in memory for the combinations between the ages of 4 and 6 years but not in memory for the isolated parts. In Experiments 2 and 3, the authors also examined the developmental relationship between performance in the combination condition and free recall of a naturalistic event, finding preliminary evidence that performance on a memory task that requires binding is positively related to performance in episodic memory.
Development and Evaluation of an ELISA for the Quantitation of Anti-Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum Antibodies in Dogs

Background Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum infection causes severe cutaneous and disseminated disease in dogs. Currently, diagnosis requires culture and rRNA gene sequencing. Objective To develop and evaluate an ELISA for quantitation of anti-L. giganteum f. caninum IgG in canine serum. Animals Sera were evaluated from 22 dogs infected with L. giganteum f. caninum, 12 dogs infected with Paralagenidium karlingii, 18 dogs infected with Pythium insidiosum, 26 dogs with nonoomycotic fungal infections or other cutaneous or systemic diseases, and 10 healthy dogs. Methods Antigen was prepared from a soluble mycelial extract of L. giganteum f. caninum. Optimal antigen and antibody concentrations were determined by checkerboard titration. Results were expressed as percent positivity (PP) relative to a strongly positive control serum. Results Medians and ranges for PP for each group were: L. giganteum f. caninum (73.9%, 27.9–108.9%), P. karlingii (55.0%, 21.0–90.6%), P. insidiosum (31.3%, 15.8–87.5%), nonoomycotic fungal infection or other cutaneous or systemic diseases (19.2%, 3.2–61.0%), and healthy dogs (9.9%, 7.6–24.6%). Using a PP cutoff value of 40%, sensitivity and specificity (with 95% CI) of the ELISA for detecting L. giganteum f. caninum infection in clinically affected dogs were 90.9% (72.2–97.5%) and 73.2% (60.4–83.0%), respectively. Specificity in dogs infected with P. karlingii was 41.7% (19.3–68.1%) and with P. insidiosum was 66.7% (43.8–83.7%). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Quantitation of anti-L. giganteum f. caninum antibodies for detection of this infection in dogs has moderately high sensitivity but poor specificity, the latter because of substantial cross-reactivity with anti-P. karlingii and anti-P. insidiosum antibodies.
The Quality and Credibility of Research Reviews: What the Editors Say

This research examines the comments on research reviews of a group of editors of journals that focus on summaries and integrations of theoretical and empirical research in education and psychology. The issues that review editors find important in review manuscripts coincide with their beliefs about what makes reviews credible. Editors value clarity in all aspects of the research review and believe that the use of scholarly and replicable methods for summarizing primary research promotes the credibility of reviews. These same issues have also been identified as important in the evaluation of reports of primary research and are mentioned in the literature on methods for research reviews.
Characterization of modules of finite projective dimension over complete intersections

Let M be a finitely generated module over a local complete intersection R of characteristic p > 0. The property that M has finite projective dimension can be characterized by the vanishing of ext ι Ρ ( fn R, M) for some i > 0 and for some n > 0.
Chronotype changes during puberty depend on gonadal hormones in the slow-developing rodent, Octodon degus

During puberty, human adolescents develop a later chronotype, exhibiting a delay in the timing of rest and activity as well as other daily physiological rhythms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether similar changes in chronotype occur during puberty in a laboratory rodent species, and, if so, to determine whether they are due to pubertal hormones acting on the circadian timekeeping system. To test this hypothesis, we carefully tracked daily activity rhythms across puberty in the slow-developing rodent Octodon degus. We confirmed that male degus showed a large reorganization of activity rhythms that correlated with secondary sex development during puberty, including a loss of bimodality and a 3-5 h phase-advance. Similar to humans, this circadian reorganization showed distinct sex differences, with females showing little change during puberty in two separate experiments. Prepubertal gonadectomy (GDX) eliminated the changes, whereas SHAM gonadectomy had little impact. Therefore, gonadal hormones are likely to play a role in pubertal changes in chronotype in this rodent species. Using evidence from a variety of species, including our recent studies in the rat, we conclude that chronotype changes during puberty are a well-demonstrated phenomenon in mammals.
Solid-State diffusion during carbon gasification and filament growth

Etude de la croissance de filaments de carbon et de reactions de gazeification en presence de metaux ferreux. Controle de la vitesse de croissance catalytique par la diffusion du carbone dans le catalyseur
On the use of the advanced very high resolution radiometer for development of prognostic land surface phenology models

Regulation of interannual phenological variability is an important component of climate and ecological models. Prior phenological efforts using the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) as a proxy of vegetation dynamics have often simulated spring events only or failed to simulate interannual variability. Our aim is to address these shortcomings and to use the AVHRR to develop prognostic models for interannual land surface phenology and, critically, to test whether or not the developed models are superior to use of climatological phenology values from the AVHRR. Using datasets for the conterminous United States, we first filtered data to select regions and plant functional types for which the best-possible remotely sensed signal could be obtained. We then used a generalized linear model approach to model the relationship between an integrative productivity index and estimates of the start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS) derived from the AVHRR, yielding models capable of prognostically predicting SOS/EOS events independently of satellite data. Mean absolute errors between the model-predicted and AVHRR-observed SOS/EOS ranged from 5.1 to 20.3 days. SOS errors were uniformly lower than EOS errors. SOS models for the deciduous broadleaf forest and grassland plant functional types produced lower errors than use of the climatological SOS values while all other models produced errors higher than those obtained from the climatological dates. Based on this criterion for success, we suggest that the AVHRR may not be appropriate for further development of prognostic land surface phenology models. However, an intercomparison of phenological dates from an independent spring index model, our model predictions, and the AVHRR observations indicated that interannual predictions from our models may be superior to the satellite data upon which they are based, implying that a further comparison between models based on the AVHRR and newer, superior sensors, should be conducted.
UCB allogeneic transplantation for hemoglobinopathies

β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease reduce lifespan and quality of life for children and young adults, and the only cure for these disorders is allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The decision-making processes in recommending allogeneic transplantation for patients with thalassemia and sickle
Internal state cooling with a femtosecond optical frequency comb

A single femtosecond optical frequency comb is implemented to induce two-photon transitions between molecular vibrational levels to form ultracold molecules. The phase across an individual pulse in the pulse train is sinusoidally modulated with a carefully chosen modulation amplitude and frequency. Piecewise population transfer is fulfilled to the final state by each pulse in the applied pulse train providing a controlled population accumulation in the final, ultracold state. The dynamics of rovibrational cooling is discussed on an example of the KRb molecule. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
DEFAULT RISK PREMIA IN THE NEAR‐CASH INVESTMENT MARKET: THE CASE OF AUCTION RATE PREFERRED STOCK VERSUS COMMERCIAL PAPER

Auction rate preferred stock (ARPS) is often regarded as an alternative to other near-cash instruments such as commercial paper while the dividend exclusion for ARPS offers tax advantages to corporate purchasers. The mean default risk premium for ARPS, relative to commercial paper, is estimated at 83 basis points during stable financial markets. This default premium appears to surge during unstable equity markets, having jumped by 192 basis points in November 1987. Lower-rated ARPS shows even larger changes, with yields 40-50 basis points above yields on high-rated ARPS, adjusted for the normal risk premium differential. The perceived risk change of ARPS underscores how quickly market participants re-evaluate default risk, and even the importance of the priority order among debt and equity claimants. Findings suggest ARPS and commercial paper are not an acceptable substitute for commercial paper during times of unsettled equity markets.
On the form of the “black hole” solution in D = 2 string theory

Abstract We find the solution of the Weyl invariance conditions for a D = 2 σ model with an isometry in the three-loop approximation. The resulting metric-dilaton background is compared with the α' expansion of the exact “black hole” background suggested by Dijkgraaf, Verlinde and Verlinde [Princeton preprint PUPT 1252/91] to correspond to the SL (2, R ) U(1) gauged WZW conformal theory.
Monitoring Patient Improvement Parameters following Pasireotide Treatment in Cushing’s Disease

Cushing’s disease (CD) is a disorder in which chronic excess adrenocorticotropic hormone production is associated with multiple comorbidities and diminished quality of life. Postsurgical monitoring is important, and newer therapies are available for the management of surgical failure or disease recurrence. In this clinical case, we illustrate the importance of the nursing role in long-term management of CD, particularly as nurses may be the first point of contact for patients with CD. Alertness to disease signs and symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and improved outcomes. Successful therapy for CD requires careful monitoring of hormonal control, metabolic parameters, and therapy complications. Ongoing management requires lifelong monitoring of metabolic parameters, of side effects of treatment, and of signs of disease recurrence. Appropriate referrals may be required to facilitate overall outcomes and patient wellbeing. This patient was enrolled in a Phase III trial that was registered in the USA with clinicaltrial.gov.
The G1-phase Growth-arresting Action of Interleukin-1 Is Independent of p53 and p21/WAF1 Function

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) causes G1-phase growth arrest of A375-C6 human melanoma cells by hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product Rb. Because p53 and p21/WAF1 proteins are key components of growth arrest pathways involving Rb hypophosphorylation, we tested the functional role of these two proteins in IL-1 action. Exposure to IL-1 caused induction of both p53 and p21/WAF1 proteins. However, inhibition of p53 function by the K1 mutant of SV40-T antigen or by m175 (Arg to His) dominant-negative mutant of p53 did not result in abrogation of IL-1 action, suggesting that p53 function is not required for growth arrest by IL-1. Studies aimed at testing the role of p21/WAF1 in IL-1 action indicated that IL-1 induced p21/WAF1 expression independently of the p53 status of the cells. However, inhibition of p21/WAF1 expression resulted in only a marginal rescue from the growth-arresting action of IL-1. These findings imply that despite their induction, neither wild-type p53 nor p21 can fully account for the growth arrest by IL-1. Thus, a p53- and p21-independent pathway(s) mediates IL-1 action.
“As Long As You're Sure You Don't Want Any More Children”: Men's Collective Boundary Coordination of Information About Their Affirmative Vasectomy Decision

This study analyzes how men who have undergone a vasectomy manage privacy boundary permeability about this family-planning decision. Twenty-four men who had undergone a vasectomy were interviewed. Communication privacy management (Petronio, 2002) was used as a theoretical framework to understand how and why disclosures occurred. Results showed varying collective boundary patterns were primary influences in how these men managed privacy boundaries related to their vasectomy and fluctuated based on the recipient of the disclosure. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the management of private information related to family-planning decisions and outcomes.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer From a Discretely Heated Protruding Pedestal to a Single Round Impinging Air Jet

An experimental investigation to understand the influence of the impingement surface geometry on the heat transfer from a discretely heated surface to a single round impinging jet is conducted. In this study, heat transfer at the stagnation region of a discretely heated pedestal protruding into an air stream is compared to the heat transfer on a discretely heated flat plate to determine the influence of impingement surface geometry on heat transfer for various Reynolds numbers, jet diameters and jet exit-surface spacings. The round jet issues from a tube of diameter 3.5 mm, 9.5 mm or 21 mm at jet exit-to-surface distances of 2–5 diameters with Re = 10,000–30,000. Under all operating conditions, the presence of a protruding pedestal is found to increase heat transfer.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Landscape architect/ure. a brief account of origins

The title ‘landscape architect’ and its associated profession ‘landscape architecture’ very likely are derived from the French ‘architecte-paysagiste’, coined by Jean-Marie Morel at the beginning o...
The Structure of N‐(1‐Deoxy‐β‐D‐fructopyranos‐1‐yl)‐L‐proline Monohydrate (“D‐Fructose‐L‐proline”) and N‐(1,6‐Dideoxy‐α‐L‐fructofuranos‐1‐yl)‐L‐proline (“L‐Rhamnulose‐L‐proline”)

D‐Fructose‐L‐proline is an important food‐related precursor for thermally generated aromas. We report the crystal structure analysis of N‐(1‐deoxy‐β‐D‐fructopyranos‐1‐yl)‐L‐proline monohydrate (1) and its analog, N‐(1,6‐dideoxy‐α‐L‐fructofuranos‐1‐yl)‐L‐proline (“L‐rhamnulose‐L‐proline”) (2). The carbohydrate rings adopt the normal 2C5 pyranose chair conformation in 1 and the 5E furanose envelope conformation in 2. Bond lengths and valence angles in 1 and 2 compare well with the average values from related pyranose and furanose structures. All hydroxyl and carboxyl oxygen atoms, ammonium groups, and the water molecule in 1 are involved in an extensive hydrogen bonding, which forms a system of infinite chains with attached side chains. The hydrogen bonding network in 2 is an infinite three‐dimensional network and is represented by separate short finite and infinite chains.
Surfactant Protein-A Limits Ureaplasma-Mediated Lung Inflammation in a Murine Pneumonia Model

Surfactant Protein-A Limits Ureaplasma -Mediated Lung Inflammation in a Murine Pneumonia Model