cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Framework for Understanding and Supporting Children’s Development During the Kindergarten Transition

This chapter presents a conceptual framework through which researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers can organize an understanding of children’s development during their transitions from their primary preschool settings (e.g., homes, public pre-K programs, private pre-K programs) into the K-12 educational system. The first half of this chapter focuses on developing an understanding of the processes that impact children’s Kindergarten transitions. We conclude that children’s experiences of the Kindergarten transition are affected by the characteristics of children themselves, their educational settings, the large-scale systems that support children’s educational experiences, and the way each of these is dynamic over time. We draw on research and theory to show that children’s transitions are smoothest when their experiences in educational settings are of consistent high-quality and become increasingly complex over time to support children’s developing skillsets. The second half of this chapter applies the conceptual framework to educational practice by showing how some common strategies for improving children’s Kindergarten transitions fit within this framework.
Zum Problem der Verzerrung

Es besteht kein Zweifel daruber, das das Interview die meist angewendete Methode in der empirischen Sozialforschung darstellt. Mit erheblichem Aufwand wurde bislang an der Verfeinerung dieser Methode gearbeitet. Weder hat sich indes eine einheitliche Begriffsbildung bezuglich des Interviews durchsetzen konnen, noch ist geklart, wie wissenschaftliche Ziele im Interview verfolgt werden konnen (Erbsloh 1972, S. 14). Es besteht keine Einigkeit uber die Frage der Abgrenzung von anderen Formen verbaler Aktivitaten. Relativ selten wurde verbales Verhalten im Zusammenhang mit anderen Aktivitaten untersucht (Atteslander 1954).
Reconstitution of Function in Fatty-Acid Inactivated Photosystem 2

Recent studies in our laboratory have reexamined the interaction of the unsaturated fatty acid, linolenic acid, with photosystem 2 and have documented two principal regions of inhibition: one associated with the donor complex (Signal 2f or D1) to the reaction center, and the other located on the reducing side between pheophytin and Qa (Golbeck, J.H. and Warden, J.T. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767, 263-271). A further characterization of fatty acid inhibition of secondary electron transport in photosystem 2 at room temperature is presented. These studies demonstrate that linolenic acid, and related fatty acid analogs, (1) eliminate the transient absorption increase at 320 nm, attributed to Qa - and (2) abolish the photo-oxidation of the primary donor P680. Restoration of stable photochemistry, as evidenced by P680 + Qa - formation, can be effected by reconstitution with exogenous quinone. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that unsaturated fatty acids inhibit secondary electron transport in photosystem 2 via displacement of endogenous quinone from quinone-binding peptides.
Auditory perception with slowly-varying amplitude and frequency modulations

Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are abundant in natural stimuli, including speech, music, and animal communication sounds. Although amplitude and frequency modulations have been extensively studied physiologically and psychophysically (e.g., Riesz 1928; Grinnell 1963; Suga 1964; Gordon and O'Neill 1998), it is still unclear whether and how the auditory system extracts and uses these cues. For example, there is an ongoing debate on whether amplitude modulation is processed via envelope extraction in the temporal domain (Viemeister 1979) or a second filtering process in the spectral domain (Dau, Kollmeier, and Kohlrausch 1997). It is also unsettled whether frequency modulation is processed independently of amplitude modulation via specialized "FM channels" in the auditory system (Kay and Matthews 1972; Regan and Tansley 1979; Moore and Sek 1996), by a common mechanism (Moore and Sek 1995; Saberi and Hafter 1995). Regardless of the underlying processing mechanisms of amplitude and frequency modulations, both cues have been shown to contribute to speech recognition in quiet laboratory conditions. Remez et al. (1981; 1990) demonstrated that speech could be reliably recognized with three sinusoids that tracked the formant movement, namely frequency modulation. On the other hand, Shannon et al. (1995) demonstrated that speech could also be reliably recognized with primarily temporal envelope cues, namely amplitude modulation. These results have been traditionally taken as an indication of the redundancy of multiple cues in natural speech sounds. Motivated by how to deliver the fine structure cue to cochlear implants, recent studies have implicated possible independent contributions of amplitude and frequency modulations to auditory perception (e.g., Smith, Delgutte, and Oxenham 2002). We have developed a signal processing strategy that extracts slowly-varying amplitude and frequency modulations from the traditionally defined temporal envelope and fine structure cues, i.e., Hilbert transform. This novel strategy also
Advances in Three-Dimensional Data Acquisition and Analysis

Advances in computer technology have greatly expanded the range of topics that can be investigated within the general field of primate locomotion and the field has witnessed great strides in such areas as telemetered electromyography (Jungers and Stern, 1980). The study of the relationship between form and function in living animals remains a critical focus of functional morphology because this approach offers the only bridge to understanding the function of extinct species and the nature of evolutionary transitions. Technological advances have not, however, changed the fact that the fossil record is almost exclusively limited to skeletal remains, and studies of this material are necessarily more limited and are usually restricted to quantifying the shape and size of different skeletal elements and how these variables are related to function.
Preserving Location Privacy in Ride-Hailing Service

Ride-hailing service has become part of our daily life due to its convenience and low cost. However, it also raises location privacy concerns for riders, because the service provider can observe the full mobility traces of riders while they hail rides. To address this problem, we first present a baseline privacy preserving solution. Although the baseline solution can provide personalized rider location privacy, we identify potential location inference attacks against it. To overcome these attacks, we propose an enhanced privacy preserving solution that exploits novel obfuscation techniques to enable matching ride requests to drivers without breaching riders’ location privacy and with limited loss of matching accuracy. We use real dataset of taxicabs to show that our solution, compared to previous work, provides much better ride matching, i.e., ride matching closer to the optimal solution, while preserving personalized riders’ location privacy.
Maternal PTSD and Behavioral Parent Training Treatment for a Girl With Conduct Disorder and Callous–Unemotional Traits:

Very little is known about the impact of parental psychopathology on treatment outcome for youth with conduct problems (CPs) and callous–unemotional (CU) traits. This case study describes behaviora...
Reconceptualizing Participation Grading as Skill Building

Two common ways that instructors assess participation in sociology courses are recalling participation by memory or counting times spoken during class in real time. However, these common assessment...
Unveiling the RNA World

RNA Biology and Parity at the Bench The 2018 Lasker–Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science, announced September 11, goes to Joan A. Steitz for her pioneering discoveries in RNA biology and her work toward better representation of women and minorities in scientific research.
The Relationship of Collaboration and Job Satisfaction Between Speech-Language Pathologists and School Psychologists

Purpose The professions of speech-language pathology and school psychology appear to be moving in similar directions in the 21st century. Legal mandates suggest the importance of speech-language pa...
Respiratory syncytial virus entry and how to block it

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children and elderly people. Although the virus was isolated in 1955, an effective RSV vaccine has not been developed, and the only licensed intervention is passive immunoprophylaxis of high-risk infants with a humanized monoclonal antibody. During the past 5 years, however, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the structure and function of the RSV glycoproteins and their interactions with host cell factors that mediate entry. This period has coincided with renewed interest in developing effective interventions, including the isolation of potent monoclonal antibodies and small molecules and the design of novel vaccine candidates. In this Review, we summarize the recent findings that have begun to elucidate RSV entry mechanisms, describe progress on the development of new interventions and conclude with a perspective on gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation.
Electron Transfer Partners of Cytochrome P450

NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is the obligatory flavoprotein electron donor to microsomal cytochromes P450 (P450). POR is a diflavin protein containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). It functions to transfer electrons from NADPH via FAD and FMN to an electron acceptor, the heme group of P450 enzymes. The domain structure of POR is consistent with evolution of POR, as a fusion between two proteins related to flavodoxin and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase, joined by a flexible hinge and the connecting domain. The catalytic steps are discussed, including hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD, interflavin electron transfer, and FMN to heme electron transfer. Recent crystallographic and solution studies reveal that the two flavin domains undergo various conformational changes throughout the catalytic cycle, ranging from movements of specific amino acid residues and local loops to large scale domain movements. It has been proposed that these movements are tightly coordinated with the binding and release of NADP(H) and with the redox state of the enzyme. A plausible scenario of these motions along the electron transfer path from NADPH to acceptors is presented.
Precision in Oculofacial Surgery: Made-To-Specification Cast-Molded Implants in Orbital Reconstruction.

PURPOSE To describe the utilization of customized made-to-specification porous polyethylene implants and to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who received these implants for unilateral orbital defects. METHODS A retrospective review of 9 patients was performed. Three-dimensional surface models were generated from high-resolution computed tomography scans. Orbital constructs were modeled after the normal, contralateral orbits and mirrored across the vertical midline to generate the target orbital implant. Measured outcomes included globe position, extraocular motility, facial symmetry, and diplopia. RESULTS Patients ranged 25-56 years old (mean: 37) and included 6 males and 3 females. Cases consisted of 6 orbital floor fractures due to trauma, 1 lateral wall defect after neurofibroma resection, 1 floor/medial wall defect after myxoma resection, and 1 superior orbital rim defect after intraosseous hemangioma resection. Seven patients had ≥1 prior repair. All patients had previous hard and soft tissue defects and varying degrees of restrictive globe motility. Patients exhibited improved ductions after implant placement and improved facial appearance and symmetry. Post-operatively, 1 patient was found to have a small orbital hematoma between the implant and orbital floor, resolving within weeks. CONCLUSIONS Precision, personalized oculofacial surgery is the next wave in tailoring surgical care to the individual patient. Customizable implants are manufactured to specifically mold to an individual patient's unique bony architecture, which can lead to superior outcomes in reconstructing orbital and craniofacial bony defects. This technique is particularly useful in patients with prior unsuccessful repair.
Infiltration synthesis of hybrid nanocomposite resists for advanced nanolithography

We demonstrate a simple ex-situ inorganic infiltration route for transforming standard organic resists into high-performance positive tone hybrid resist platform. A model thin film PMMA-AlOx hybrid resist system has been synthesized by hybridization of PMMA with AlOx and investigated for electron beam lithography. The approach possesses full controllability of the resist performance in terms of critical does, patterning contrast reaching up to 30 and etch resistance for plasma-based pattern transfer processes. The high selectivity Si etching capability demonstrated using a low-temperature cryo-Si etch process, based on the controlled infiltration outperforms commercial resists and typical hard mask material thermal SiO2, with estimated achievable selectivity in excess of ~300. Si nanostructures down to ~30 nm with aspect ratio up to ~17 are also transferred into the Si substrate. Easy implementation and adaptability for different inorganic infiltrations, this platform is well capable of potentially delivering the resist performance and throughput necessary for EUV lithography.
Bridging the gap between in silico and in vivo: modeling opioid disposition in a kidney proximal tubule microphysiological system

Abstract Background Opioid overdose, dependence, and addiction are a major public health crisis. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of opioid overdose, therefore novel methods that provide accurate prediction of kidney clearance (CLr) and systemic disposition of opioids in CKD patients can facilitate the optimization of therapeutic regimens. Methods We conducted prediction of kidney clearance and systemic disposition of morphine and its active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) in CKD patients using a vascularized human proximal tubule microphysiological system (VPT-MPS) coupled with a parent-metabolite full body physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Results The VPT-MPS, populated with a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) channel and an adjacent human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) channel, successfully demonstrated secretory transport of morphine and M6G from the HUVEC channel into the PTEC channel in a time-dependent manner; transporter inhibitors decreased translocation by 74.3% and 63.6%, respectively. The in vitro data generated by VPT-MPS were incorporated into a mechanistic kidney model and parent-metabolite full body PBPK model to predict CLr and systemic disposition of morphine and M6G. The model successfully predicted CLr within 1.5-fold, and the plasma concentration-time profiles of morphine and M6G in both healthy subjects and CKD patients, with absolute average fold error values Conclusions A microphysiological system together with mathematical modeling successfully predicted kidney clearance and systemic disposition of opioids in CKD patients and healthy subjects.
Flooding and SO2 Stress Interaction in Betula papyrifera and B. nigra Seedlings

The effects of flooding of soil for 5 weeks and fumigation of shoots with 0.35 ppm SO/sub 2/ for 30 hours, alone and in combination, were studied on Betula papyrifera Marsh. (paper birch) and Betula nigra L. (river birch) seedlings. B. papyrifera, an upland species, was adversely affected by flooding more severely than B. nigra, a lowland species. Symptoms of flooding injury in both species included stomatal closure, chlorosis, deterioration of root systems, and greatly reduced dry matter accumulation. Flooding induced formation of hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots in B. nigra but not B. papyrifera seedlings. Seedlings of both species recovered 1 to 2 wk after flooding ended and continued growing at a faster rate than unflooded seedlings, thereby partially or completely compensating for the growth-inhibiting effects of flooding. Fumigation with SO/sub 2/ at the end of the flooding period induced partial stomatal closure, injury to leaves, and reductions in mean relative growth rates in both species. Stomatal conductance and SO/sub 2/ uptake in B. nigra seedlings were reduced 40 to 45 percent by flooding, respectively, and consequently SO/sub 2/ caused less visible injury (17 vs. 44 percent of leaf area) and less growth inhibition (0 vs. 26 percent inmore » mean relative root growth rate) in flooded than in unflooded seedlings. Stomatal conductance and SO/sub 2/ uptake were reduced even more in flooded B. papyrifera (75 and 77 percent, respectively), yet flooded and unflooded seedlings were similarly affected by SO/sub 2/. Flooding stress apparently affected mechanisms of pollution avoidance and pollution tolerance differently in the two species.« less
The Tape of the Mind Workbook: A Single Case Study

Abstract This paper illustrates how programmed distance writing assignments, i.e., written homework assignments from The Tape of the Mind Workbook can be used in conjunction with traditional talk therapy. Pre- and post-testing, as well as a six month follow-up, was conducted, using the Basic Symptom Inventory (BSI). After completion of the workbook, the client reported which assignments from this workbook were most helpful and which were least helpful. Re-test after completion showed a significant improvement in the scores of the BSI. A six month follow-up re-test revealed the maintaining of the improved BSI score. The most important issue in combining the use of workbooks with traditional talk therapy is to find out which aspect of this combination is responsible for what changes.
Resource allocation optimization in a data center with energy storage devices

As cloud computing is becoming the new generation of computing paradigm because of its many attractive attributes, huge data centers are built and operated to host the cloud services. Since these data centers usually incur a high electricity bill, the problem of reducing the electricity cost and maximizing the profit for a data center operator arises naturally. Because of the trend of dynamic pricing policies in the energy market, in which the electricity price changes across different hours of a day, the use of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, in a data center can be extended in addition to judicious computing/memory/storage resource management policies as another way to cut down on the operational cost. In this paper, we formulate a generalized optimization problem to minimize the linear combination of the electricity cost and the average request response time in a data center with energy storage devices. Solutions based on convex optimization techniques are proposed and the experimental results are discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation and the solution methods.
DISCOVERY OF LOW MASS OBJECTS IN TAURUS

In infrared (2.2 micron, K-band) search of small regions (25 in square) near 26 members of the Taurus star-forming association has revealed 20 dim (K = 13-16 mag) stellar objects near 13 of them. Of these 20 objects, 9 are exceptionally red. It is argued that these 9 are probably also Taurus members. From the luminosities (0.4 to 4 times 10 the -3 power luminosity) and ages (estimated at 10(exp 6) years), masses can be determined by reference to theoretical low-mass cooling curves. The masses are in the range 0.005 to 0.015 solar mass, i.e., low-mass brown dwarfs. Proper motion studies of 7 of the objects visible on the POSS plates conducted by Burton Jones establish that 4 are highly probable Taurus members while 1 is a possible member.
Phylogenetic Diversity of Diazotrophs along an Experimental Nutrient Gradient in Mangrove Sediments

The diversity of diazotrophs was studied in the sediment of mangrove forests (Twin Cays, Belize) subjected to a long-term fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP) and cloning of PCR-amplified nifH genes were combined via in silico analysis to assign clones to TRFLP-nifH phylotypes, as well as to characterize the occurrence of phylotypes in response to environmental conditions. Results indicated that mangrove sediments from Belize harbor a unique diazotrophic community with a low metabolic diversity dominated by sulfate reducers. The variability of potential nitrogen-fixing sulfate reducers was explained by several environmental parameters, primarily by the abundance of dead roots in the sediments, and the concentration of H2S in the pore-waters. This study describes the complexity of microbial communities within the mangrove sediments with specific functional groups varying along environmental gradients.
Corrected transposition of the great vessels with isolated pulmonic stenosis: The paradox of pulmonic stenosis with physical signs of pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Clinical features were described in a patient with corrected transposition of the great vessels and isolated subvalvular pulmonic stenosis. Although pulmonic stenosis is considered one of the common additional lesions in corrected transposition, obstruction to outflow of the venous ventricle usually occurs together with ventricular septal defect and only rarely as an isolated coexisting malformation. Attention was called to the modified physical signs that result from the abnormal anatomic relations of the ventricles, great vessels and valves. Failure to appreciate these altered precordialcardiac relations can result in the apparent paradox of pulmonic stenosis presenting with features of pulmonary hypertension.
Thailand in 2011: High Tides and Political Tensions

Abstract Although the pro-Thaksin Pheu Thai Party was favored to win Thailand9s parliamentary elections in July, the party9s 53% majority gave it a mandate that was stronger than expected. However, two months into her administration, the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra was challenged by Thailand9s worst floods in half a century. The crisis initially exacerbated the partisan political divide and gave a new twist to the urban-rural tensions that fueled Thailand9s five-year political crisis.
Thermostability of Rubella Hemagglutination-inhibiting Antibody

The thermostability of serum rubella antibody is such that serum specimens may be shipped to clinical laboratories at ambient temperature.
Known for my strengths: Positive traits of transition-age youth with intellectual disability and/or autism

Can young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities be known for their strengths? This mixed-method study explored the strengths of 427 youth and young adults with intellectual disability and/or autism (ages 13-21) from the vantage point of their parents. Using the Assessment Scale for Positive Character Traits–Developmental Disabilities (ASPeCT-DD), parents identified numerous strengths across multiple domains and factors. Every young person in the sample was described as having at least one strength (Mdn = 20, range 1-26), and their strength-related profiles varied widely. Higher ratings of strengths were predicted by greater involvement in community activities and use of speech as the primary mode of communication. Challenging behaviors predicted lower ratings of strengths. These findings challenge prevailing deficit-based views of young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and offer a promising alternative for describing transition-age youth in terms of the strengths t...
Purification of serine acetyltransferase, a component of a multienzyme complex, by immunoadsorption and selective dissociation of the complex.

Abstract An immunoadsorbent column chromatography procedure utilizing antibody to one component of a multienzyme complex has been utilized for purification of the second component of this complex. Rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for the O -acetylserine sulfhydrylase component of the multienzyme complex cysteine synthetase was linked to Sepharose 4B resin. A crude preparation of cysteine synthetase was bound to a column of IgG-Sepharose, other proteins were removed by washing, and the serine acetyltransferase component of the complex was eluted with 50 m m O -acetylserine, which dissociates the complex of the two enzymes. This purification step produces about a 400-fold increase in specific activity.
The Effect of Tilted Rotation on Shear Instabilities at Low Stratifications

Abstract A linear stability analysis of the inviscid stratified Boussinesq equations is presented given a steady zonal flow with constant vertical shear in a tilted f plane. Full nonhydrostatic terms are included: 1) acceleration of vertical velocity and 2) Coriolis force terms arising from the meridional component of earth’s rotation vector. Calculations of growth rates, critical wavenumbers, and dominance regimes for baroclinic and symmetric instabilities are compared with results from the traditional nonhydrostatic equations, which include a strictly vertical rotation vector, as well as results from the hydrostatic equations. The authors find that for positive zonal z shear, tilted rotation enhances the dominance regime of symmetric instabilities at the expense of baroclinic instabilities and maintains symmetric instabilities at larger scales than previously indicated. Furthermore, in contrast to former studies, it is determined that hydrostatic growth rates for both instabilities are not maximal. Rath...
Sham transcranial magnetic stimulation using electrical stimulation of the scalp

BACKGROUND: Most methods of sham, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) fail to replicate the look, sound, and feel of active stimulation in the absence of a significant magnetic field. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To develop and validate a new method of sham rTMS appropriate for a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with subject crossover. METHODS: The look and sound of active rTMS was replicated using a matched, air-cooled sham TMS coil. Scalp muscle stimulation associated with rTMS was replicated using large rubber electrodes placed over selected muscles. The intensity and pulse width of electrical stimulation necessary to match 1-Hz rTMS was developed in one sample of normal subjects. The sham technique was validated in back-to-back comparisons with active rTMS in new samples of normal subjects who were either naive or experienced with rTMS. RESULTS: Subjects naive to TMS could not tell which type of stimulation was active or sham or which was electrical or magnetic. Naive subjects incorrectly picked sham stimulation as active, when forced to choose, because electrical stimulation felt more focused than magnetic stimulation. Subjects experienced with TMS could correctly identify sham and active stimulation. Experimenters could detect subtle differences between conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This method of sham rTMS closely mimics the look, sound, and feel of active stimulation at 1Hz without creating a significant magnetic field. It is valid for use with naive subjects and in crossover studies. It can accommodate differences in scalp muscle recruitment at different sites of stimulation, and it could potentially be used with higher frequency stimulation.
Differentiating airborne dust from cirrus clouds using MODIS data

Received 23 February 2005; revised 2 May 2005; accepted 12 May 2005; published 22 June 2005. [1] A method for detecting and differentiating dust from cirrus using satellite remote sensing has been developed. Using the differences in the reflective and emissive properties of each, it is shown that combining short-wave reflectance ratio tests with long-wave brightness temperature differences produce individual parameters that are able to specifically detect cirrus and dust. Through successive employment of both parameters, a method is established that separates dust from cirrus. Two case studies using Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are presented that show the effectiveness of the procedure. Citation: Roskovensky, J. K., and K. N. Liou (2005), Differentiating airborne dust from cirrus clouds using MODIS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12809, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL022798.
Overview: ecological and evolutionary implications of taphonomic processes

Abstract Taphonomic processes bias the fossil record, but they are also an active force in the structuring and evolution of ecosystems. These processes have important implications for paleobiological problems at many levels, from individual organisms and assemblages to the fossil records of entire basins and tectonic settings. At each scale, taphonomic analysis is taking a more positive approach to the biases that arise from selective destruction of organic remains. This is evident in (a) emphasis on paleobiologic inferences that can (rather than cannot) be made from different kinds of natural samples, (b) identification of criteria for recognizing taphonomically comparable samples, (c) further exploration, both actualistic and stratigraphic, of the controls on fossil preservation as a basis for hypothesis testing, and (d) study of changes in modes of preservation as evidence for evolution in taphonomic processes over geologic time. Because taphonomic processes act on organic remains, are in part controlled by biological agents (e.g., bioeroders, decomposers), and can influence living organisms (e.g., through accumulation of dead hardparts on seafloor), the study of “evolutionary taphonomy” is an integral part of the history of life.
A model of liquid-mediated adhesion with a 2D rough surface

Abstract A computational analysis is conducted on a solid–liquid–solid interface: a rough, elastic surface is brought into contact with rigid flat while being influenced by an intervening liquid film of fixed volume. The problem is solved (iteratively) by satisfying the equations of elasticity and capillarity, while conserving liquid volume and honoring the constraints of no surface interpenetration and no negative pressures at dry contact points. As the liquid volume is increased from low values, a critical condition is reached whereby there are sudden increases in the values of certain output parameters, such as tensile force and wetted length. For the smaller values of surface roughness, the critical point is associated with a near complete collapse of the surface topography.
Proximal femoral fixation: When bone stock allows

Abstract Revision of the failed femoral component of a total hip arthroplasty can be challenging. Multiple reconstructive options are available, and thus meticulous preoperative planning is required. The Paprosky Femoral Classification is useful as it helps the surgeon determine bone stock, and which type of femoral reconstruction is most appropriate. Diaphyseal-engaging stems bypass the often-compromised proximal femur and have a high rate of both initial success and long-term durability. These stems do, however, have some downside including risk of cortical perforation and expense. Thus, there can be advantages to a stem that gains primary fixation in the metaphysis including lower cost, ease of insertion/extraction, and preservation of bone stock if future revisions are required. Cases appropriate for a proximal load-bearing revision stem are Paprosky type 1 or 2 femurs.
Diagnosis of amitraz resistance in Brazilian populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) with larval immersion test

Among the ectoparasites of cattle, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae) remains a major cause of economic losses to livestock. The chemical control with acaricides is still the most efficient method available to control ticks. The aims of this study were to diagnose resistance to amitraz in 16 tick populations from the States of Sao Paulo (14) and Parana (2), using the larval immersion technique (LIT), and evaluate the effect of synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM), triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] on amitraz resistant and susceptible strains of cattle tick. Most of the evaluated populations (68.7 %) showed to be resistant to amitraz, with resistance ratios ranging from 2.14 to 132. The results suggest that the test procedure by LIT is sensitive and adequate for detection and monitoring of amitraz resistance in cattle tick. No synergistic effect was observed for the synergists PBO, DEM and TPP, on the amitraz resistant (Poa) strain of cattle tick, indicating that increased detoxification metabolism was not involved in this resistance.
Systemic cytokine administration alters the histology of the eruption of lymphocyte recovery.

The eruption of lymphocyte recovery occurs after marrow ablative antineoplastic chemotherapy, with the earliest reappearance of lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation. The typical histopathologic findings are not specific, consisting of a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis with mild overlying epidermal changes. Since the initial report, 21 additional biopsy specimens from eruptions of lymphocyte recovery were obtained at our institution. Of these specimens, 18 displayed the expected findings while 3 specimens contained a relatively heavy lymphocytic infiltrate with nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia. The majority of lymphocytes from the heavily inflamed tissues expressed CD3 and CD4; rare CD8+ cells were observed. The cells with large irregular nuclear contours displayed an “activated” phenotype, consisting of CD30, HLA-DR, and CD25, accounting for roughly 50% of the total infiltrate. The three patients from whom these specimens were obtained had received human recombinant cytokines in pharmacologic doses (2 granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, 1 inter-leukin-3). Three patients in this series also received human recombinant cytokines, but developed eruptions with the typical scant infiltrate of small lymphocytes. These findings extend the histologic spectrum of the eruption of lymphocyte recovery and suggest that the administration of human recombinant cytokines prior to marrow recovery may alter the appearance and phenotype of lymphocytes migrating into the skin.
Prospective Study of Perceived Stress in Cardiac Patients

Background: Psychological stress is known to have a negative effect on the health andwell-being of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Although the study of stress CAD samples has received considerable attention, few studies have examined the effects of gender and age, hadmultiple follow-ups over an extended period, and had extensive baseline assessment batteries.Purpose: In this study, demographic, clinical, social, and personality variables were evaluated as predictors of nine repeated assessments of stress over a 2-year period in 322 CAD patients (33.2% female).Methods: At baseline, perceived social support, coping style, and social conflict were associated with stress ratings. Mixed models were used to evaluate predictors of reported stress during the subsequent 2 years.Results: The results showed that higher stress was present in patients who were female and young. Follow-up stress was also found in patients with moderate income, congestive heart failure, high social conflict, low social support, and negative coping style.Conclusions: These findings may help clinicians identify patients who are likely to experience higher levels of stress over a prolonged period following a diagnosis of CAD and may also suggest which patients may benefit most from stress reduction interventions.
Formation of nanostructured Group IIA metal activated sensors: The transformation of Group IIA metal compound sites

Abstract Trends in the Group IIA metal oxides and hydroxides of magnesium, calcium, and barium are unique in the periodic table. In this study we find that they display novel trends as decorating nanostructures for extrinsic semiconductor interfaces. The Group IIA metal ions are strong Lewis acids. We form these M 2+ ions in aqueous solution and bring these solutions in contact with a porous silicon interface to form interfaces for conductometric measurements. Observed responses are consistent with the formation of MgO whereas the heavier elements display behaviors which suggest the effect of their more basic nature. Mg(OH) 2 , when formed, represents a weak base whereas the heavier metal hydroxides of Ca, Sr, and Ba are strong bases. However, the hydroxides tend to give up hydrogen and act as Bronsted acids. For the latter elements, the reversible interaction response of nanostructures deposited to the porous silicon (PS) interface is modified, as the formation of more basic sites appears to compete with M 2+ Lewis acidity and hydroxide Bronsted acidity. Mg 2+ forms an interface whose response to the analytes NH 3 and NO is consistent with MgO and well explained by the recently developing Inverse Hard/Soft Acid/Base model. The behavior of the Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ decorated interfaces as they interact with the hard base NH 3 follows a reversal of the model, indicating a decrease in acidic character as the observed conductometric response suggests the interaction with hydroxyl groups. A change from oxide-like to hydroxide-like constituents is supported by XPS studies. The changes in conductometric response is easily monitored in contrast to changes associated with the Group IIA oxides and hydroxides observed in XPS, EDAX, IR, and NMR measurements.
Seeking improved outcome in the curative treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer

Progress is being made in the treatment of patients with early (stage I–III) and unresectable locally advanced (stage III) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary modality of treatment is complete surgical resection of the malignant growths. However, not all patients are appropriate candidates for surgery, and the majority who undergo surgical resection have a poor survival. Recurrence and death are most commonly due to systemic failure, indicating micrometastatic disease. Treatments targeted at eradicating micrometastatic disease, such as adjuvant therapy, induction chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and intensified radiotherapy, are currently being explored as a means to improve outcome in the curative treatment of NSCLC.
Thermal reaction and desorption behaviors of 2,5-diiodothiophene on clean and passivated Au surfaces

Abstract Thermal reactions and desorption behaviors of 2,5-diiodothiophene on Au were studied with temperature programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Diiodo-substituted hetero-cyclic molecules are an important precursor molecule for photochemical production of conjugated polymers. This paper describes the surface reactions and multilayer structure of 2,5-diiodothiophene in the absence of photon irradiation. 2,5-Diiodothiophene adsorbs molecularly on Au at 100 K. At 200–300 K, the C–I bond of the molecule dissociates producing atomic iodine. The C–I bond cleavage appears to induce further dissociation of the thiophene ring structure. The iodine species desorb at 600–750 K from the surface. The dissociated carbon and sulfur remain on the Au surface even at 800 K. The desorption of thin multilayers occurs at ∼220 K. During the desorption of these layers, a clustering process seems to occur. The desorption of thick multilayer occurs at ∼235 K.
Effect of Specimen Geometry on the Energy Absorption Capability of Composite Materials

Static crushing tests were conducted on graphite and Kevlar reinforced epoxy tubes to examine the influence of specimen geometry on the energy absorption capability of composite materials. Tube inside diameter to wall thickness (D/t) ratio was determined to significantly affect the energy absorption capability of composite materials. As D/t ratio decreases, the energy absorption capability increases nonlinearly. The energy absorption capability of K/E tubes was found to be geometrically scalable but energy absorption of Gr/E tubes was not geometrically scalable.
The effect of mixing aids on the kinetics of mixing in a rotating drum

Abstract The batch mixing of particulate solids in a rotating drum mixer has been investigated with various numbers of Lucite balls added as mixing aids. Two experimental systems have been studied. One involved the mixing of dolomite particles of two sizes, 28 × 32 and 42 × 48 mesh, while the other consisted of mixing calcite and silica of the same size range, namely 65 × 100 mesh. The progress of mixing was followed by a simple sampling and assaying technique which permits accurate determination of the composition of the powder in sections along the axis of the mixer. The role of mixing aids on the mixing process was quantified by evaluating their effect on the diffusion coefficient and the degree of mixedness. An empirical relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the number of balls added to the mixer was obtained.
Forecasting with combined seasonal indices

Abstract Traditional methods of forecasting the demand for products that exhibit a seasonal pattern call for estimation of the seasonal component based on the history of demands for that particular product. It is proposed that the seasonal estimation would be more accurate if the demands for similar products were first combined into a product line. Seasonal indices calculated for the product line would then be used as the estimate of the seasonal component for each of the products. A demonstration of the technique with six product lines shows that combined indices reduce average forecast errors. Reductions of 2–20% are shown for the total mean squared errors for the product lines.
Stroke Prevention by Recognizing Risk Factors and Warning Signs and Symptoms

Annually more than 700,000 individuals suffer a first time stroke. As the population ages there will be a major rise in the number of stroke events in the next few decades. Additionally, there are many more young adults who also suffer from strokes. While there are genetic and ethnic risk factors that are non-modifiable, there are health measures individuals can observe/practice to prevent strokes. Individuals who have already experienced a trans ischemic attack (TIA) should view this as a warning of a potential impending stroke event and begin to modify life style behaviors to be more in line with preventive health recommendations.
Magnetic Properties of Ho-Co and Ho-Fe Amorphous Films

Polar-Faraday-rotation and magnetization measurements on evaporated amorphous films of Ho-Co and Ho-Fe show that the principle mechanism responsible for differences in the ${T}_{C}$ of the crystalline and amorphous states is the altered electronic configuration of the transition metal, rather than local anisotropy. Additionally we found that the films possess uniaxial anisotropy.
Parallel labelling of non-dialyzable components of rabbit urine following 75SeO4 and 35SO4 injection

Abstract Following the intravenous administration of Na 2 75 SeO 4 and Na 2 35 SO 4 in rabbits, the non-dialyzable solids of urine were labelled with 35 S and 75 Se in a parallel manner both on BaCO 3 -fractionated specimens and when chondroitin sulfate A and C were isolated by glass-paper chromatography. 75 Se-labelled selenate may be a useful adjunct to the tools currently available for the metabolic studies of sulfomucopolysaccharides.
A Renovated Renaissance: Richard Riemerschmid's Modern Interiors for the Thieme House in Munich

This article explores the apparently anti-modern forces that informed German designer Richard Riemerschmid's approach to the design of modern interiors during the early 1900s. It considers his Herr...
Microwave spectrum of ArH2O: Dipole moment, isotopic studies, and 17O quadrupole coupling constants

Microwave spectra for the K = 0 states of Ar-HrO. Ar-D20. Ar-HOD, Ar-H2’*0. and ArHI”0 were obtained using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The observed states, which correlate to the Ooo and lo, rotational states of free HrO, are labeled S( 0,) and S( Ia, ). respectively. For the Ar-H20 species, the results are in excellent agreement with the far-infrared data of Cohen et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 89,4494-4504 ( 1988) and 92,169- 177 ( 1990)). The present data are also compared with predictions from the three anisotropic potentials proposed by Hutson [J. Chem. Phys. 92, 157-168 ( 1990)] to interpret the far-infrared spectrum of the complex. The pa dipole moment, “0 nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, and Coriolis perturbations, are in good agreement with predictions from one potential, but in poor agreement with predictions from the other two potentials. The dipole moment for the Z( 0,) state specifies the coefficient, UK,, of cos 8~~ in the Legendre expansion of the van der Waals angular potential. Here B,, is the angle between the C, axis of HZ0 and the line joining the centers of mass of the two bonding partners. We find ( uIo 1 = 3.3 cm -‘. c 1990 Academic press. I~C.
532 nm Low-Power Laser Irradiation Facilitates the Migration of GABAergic Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mouse Neocortex.

Background and Objective Accumulating evidence has shown that low-power laser irradiation (LLI) affects cell proliferation and survival, but little is known about LLI effects on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Here we investigate whether transcranial 532 nm LLI affects NSPCs in adult murine neocortex and in neurospheres from embryonic mice. Study Design/Materials and Methods We applied 532 nm LLI (Nd:YVO4, CW, 60 mW) on neocortical surface via cranium in adult mice and on cultured cells from embryonic mouse brains in vitro to investigate the proliferation and migration of NSPCs and Akt expression using immunohistochemical assays and Western blotting techniques. Results In vivo experiments demonstrated that 532 nm LLI significantly facilitated the migration of GABAergic NSPCs that were induced to proliferate in layer 1 by mild ischemia. In vitro experiments using GABAergic NSPCs derived from embryonic day 14 ganglionic eminence demonstrated that 532 nm LLI for 60 min promoted the migration of GAD67-immunopositive NSPCs with a significant increase of Akt expression. Meanwhile, the LLI induced proliferation, but not migration, of NSPCs that give rise to excitatory neurons. Conclusion It is concluded that 532 nm LLI promoted the migration of GABAergic NSPCs into deeper layers of the neocortex in vivo by elevating Akt expression.
Need for an integrative approach in medical diagnosis.

Inconvenients de l'enseignement de la medecine par discipline pour les problemes interessant deux disciplines, par exemple cardiologie et neurologie
Assessing Pathogen Risk to Swimmers at Non-Sewage Impacted Recreational Beaches

The risk of gastrointestinal illness to swimmers from fresh sewage and non-sewage fecal sources at recreational beaches was predicted using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). The QMRA estimated the probability of illness for accidental ingestion of recreational water with a specific concentration of fecal indicator bacteria, here the geometric mean enterococci limit of 35 cfu 100 mL(-1), from either a mixture of sources or an individual source. Using seagulls as an example non-sewage fecal source, the predicted median probability of illness was less than the illness benchmark of 0.01. When the fecal source was changed to poorly treated sewage, a relativity small difference between the median probability of illness and the illness benchmark was predicted. For waters impacted by a mixture of seagull and sewage waste, the dominant source of fecal indicator was not always the predicted dominant source of risk.
Cramer-Rao bound for joint location and velocity estimation in multi-target non-coherent MIMO radars

In this paper, we focus on a performance bound for joint location and velocity estimation in non-coherent MIMO radars with multiple targets, which has not been studied before. Closed-form expressions for the Cramer-Rao bound are provided for a two-target case. We use numerical simulations to validate the Cramer-Rao bounds and use these bounds to study the performance of a non-coherent MIMO radar system. We analyze the influence of the distance between two targets on the estimation performance. Simulation results reveal that the spatial advantage, which was uncovered previously for a single-target case, also applies for two targets.