cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the spectrum of a nonsingular matrix

Best upper and lower bounds are derived on the eigenvalues and spectral condition number of a nonsingular matrix. The bounds are given in terms of the trace and determinant of the matrix times its Hermitian transpose. Several applications are made to mechanics problems.
COST ANALYSIS OF HEART FAILURE READMISSION INTERVENTION PROGRAM

Dedicated heart failure (HF) clinics have been established to improve HF care. The Hospital-to-Home (H2H) program at our institution is a rapid clinic follow-up program for patients with recent HF admissions. We evaluated the real world costs of health care delivery with H2H after a HF admission
The successful merger of theoretical thermochemistry with fragment-based methods in quantum chemistry.

ConspectusQuantum chemistry and electronic structure theory have proven to be essential tools to the experimental chemist, in terms of both a priori predictions that pave the way for designing new experiments and rationalizing experimental observations a posteriori. Translating the well-established success of electronic structure theory in obtaining the structures and energies of small chemical systems to increasingly larger molecules is an exciting and ongoing central theme of research in quantum chemistry. However, the prohibitive computational scaling of highly accurate ab initio electronic structure methods poses a fundamental challenge to this research endeavor. This scenario necessitates an indirect fragment-based approach wherein a large molecule is divided into small fragments and is subsequently reassembled to compute its energy accurately. In our quest to further reduce the computational expense associated with the fragment-based methods and overall enhance the applicability of electronic struct...
Using heat as a tracer to estimate the depth of rapid porewater advection below the sediment-water interface

Summary Rapid exchange of surface waters and porewaters in shallow sediments has important biogeochemical implications for streams and marine systems alike, but mapping these important reaction zones has been difficult. As a means of bridging the gap between the stream and submarine groundwater discharge communities we suggest that the rapid, transient mixing in this zone be called “hydrodynamic exchange”. We then present a new model, MATTSI, which was developed to estimate the timing, depth and magnitude of hydrodynamic exchange below the sediment–water interface by inverting thermal time-series observations. The model uses an effective thermal dispersion term to emulate 3-D hydrodynamic exchange in a 1-D model. The effective dispersion is assumed to decline exponentially below the sediment water interface. Application of the model to a synthetic dataset and two field datasets from 50 km offshore in the South Atlantic Bight shows that exchange events can be clearly identified from thermal data. The model is relatively insensitive to realistic errors in sensor depth and thermal conductivity. Although the datasets tested here were too shallow to fully span the depth of flushing, we were able to estimate the depth of hydrodynamic exchange via sensitivity studies.
Improvement of stopping criterion of dynamic iterative decoding for turbo code

Turbo code becomes increasingly important in the field of communication coding due its excellent noise resistance.Turbo code needs many decoding iterations,however,which results in long decoding time delay.In order to resolve this problem,we present an improved dynamic iterative stopping criterion,the cyclic redundancy check-measurement of reliability(CRC-MOR) stopping criterion,which could reduce the number of decoding iterations.Computer simulation of the improved criterion and comparing the results with those of CRC and MOR methods show the average number of iterations decreased and the bit error rate(BER) performance obtained was not degraded.
The Equivalent Online Detection of Braking Ratio of Micro-car

when domestic micro-car uses roller opposite-force type brake test bench to detect braking force,we find detection of vehicles unloaded braking ratio of vehicle cannot reach the standard GB 7258,in this paper,this phenomenon is analyzed.and according to GB 7258 regulations,we set a brake force amplifying coefficient,and proves that the setting of braking force coefficient and vehicles exert additional mass or additional forces are equivalent,so that the detected vehicle braking performance is in line with the national standards,and meet the pipeline detection time need.
Review of the Researches on College Students' Academic Cognition in Recent 20 Years

Academic cognition has important guiding significances for the learning activities of college students. This article summarizes our country nearly 20 years researches on the college students' academic cognition from the academic self-concept, achievement goal orientation, and academic attribution, and points out the shortages of the current research and future research directions.
Reducing the Spatial Discretization Error of Thermal Emission in Implicit Monte Carlo Simulations

Implicit Monte Carlo simulations of thermal radiative transport can exhibit what is known as teleportation error in problems with strong coupling between radiation and matter. Teleportation error occurs when energy deposited in a localized region of a spatial zone is emitted throughout the zone in the next time step. Teleportation error is commonly reduced by biasing the positions of photon thermal emission using a fit to the spatial distribution of temperature to the fourth power. The current work samples and stores locations along photon paths based on absorption probabilities. These locations are used as sites for emission in the subsequent time step. This method of teleportation correction is demonstrated in several sample problems, and is validated against an Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion Method, which does not exhibit teleportation error. The new method reduces teleportation error relative to the source tilting method, and enables the use of lower spatial resolutions than would be required to mitig...
Overview of Cellulose Nanomaterials, Their Capabilities and Applications

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are a new class of cellulose particles with properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, and as a result, they are being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Momentum is growing in CN research and development, and commercialization in this field is happening because of the unique combination of characteristics (e.g., high mechanical properties, sustainability, and large-scale production potential) and utility across a broad spectrum of material applications (e.g. as an additive, self-sustaining structures, and template structures) that CNs offer. Despite the challenges typical for materials development, CN and near-CN production is ramping up with pilot scale to industry demonstration trials, and the first commercial products are starting to hit the marketplace. This review provides a broad overview of CNs and their capabilities that are enabling new application areas for cellulose-based materials.
State Literacy Plans: Incorporating Adolescent Literacy

In this article, Catherine Snow, Twakia Martin, and Ilene Berman describe professional development institutes offered in 2001 and 2002 by the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices to familiarize state-level policymakers with research on adolescent literacy and to guide states' development of effective literacy plans. The authors then review the literacy plans that four of the participating states developed in the years following their institute involvement and discuss ways in which the content of the literacy institutes is reflected in these states' plans. In conclusion, the authors call on higher education institutions to help state policymakers develop and evaluate initiatives intended to increase adolescents' reading skills. They also call for broader cross-state comparisons of states' strategies for improving adolescent literacy.
Imaging Studies in Immunotherapy

Abstract Immunotherapy has become established as a cornerstone of cancer therapy along with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, although its role for neuro-oncology remains to be defined. Nonetheless, the interpretation of response, and in particular, the ability to distinguish whether early progressive imaging findings represent true tumor progression or inflammatory infiltrate associated with potential therapeutic benefit, may present challenges for clinicians. The immunotherapy response assessment in neuro-oncology (iRANO) criteria were drafted to provide guidance to the neuro-oncology community to address this issue and provide consistency of assessment by clinical investigators and clinicians. In addition, advanced imaging techniques may provide advantages over conventional contrast-weighted imaging approaches to further address this issue more effectively. In this chapter, we review background information and specific detail regarding the iRANO criteria as well as role of advanced imaging techniques for the evaluation of neuro-oncology patients undergoing treatment with immune-based therapies.
Linear Independence. Vector Components. Space Dimension

In developing the axiomatic system in the preceding chapters, we had in mind Euclidean spaces of three or fewer dimensions. The idea of space dimension, however, did not explicitly enter into our axiomatics and has been so far devoid of any specific meaning. In order to correct this omission, it is necessary to adjoin a new postulate to those already adopted. Before doing this in the next chapter, we have first to examine the closely related concept of linear independence of vectors.
Division of Housework in Transitional Urban China

AbstractThis study examines how historical transitions that occurred during individuals’ young adulthood are related to the division of housework among married couples in urban China. Using data from the 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey, analyses compare housework participation among 398 married couples from the pre-reform generation, 432 couples from the early-reform generation, and 107 couples from the late-reform generation. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results show that regardless of generation, wives continue to undertake the majority of housework. Significant shifts in housework are found across generations among men, wherein husbands of the pre-reform generation spend more time on housework than husbands in the two reform generations. Although the division of housework remains highly gendered across generations, findings suggest that a political endeavor toward promoting gender equality may have played a role in altering men's housework behaviors.
Using experiments to understand public attitudes towards transgender rights

ABSTRACTWhile lesbian, gay, and bisexual Americans have seen recent legal victories and declining explicit discrimination, transgender and gender non-conforming individuals (TGNC) remain astoundingly vulnerable. An area of recent public debate is the right of transgender individuals to use the bathroom that corresponds to their gender identity, regardless of the sex they were assigned at birth. Little is known, however, about how the public forms their views of transgender people and rights, particularly the issue of bathroom access. Our research agenda seeks to better understand public attitudes about transgender bathroom access. In this paper, we describe our use of experiments to investigate how issue framing and identity priming affects public opinion toward the key transgender right of bathroom access and provide results from a recent pilot study.
Bacterial Magnesium, Manganese, and Zinc Transport

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses bacterial magnesium, manganese, and zinc transport. The mineral cations essential for bacterial growth can be classified as macronutrients or micronutrients, depending on the amount required for growth. Properties of the transport systems for the divalent cations reflect both the total amount required and the availability of the ions in the environment. Transport of divalent cations is invariably energy dependent. Uptake of radioactive cations that occurs in metabolically poisoned cells, in the cold, and that is rapidly exchangeable with nonradioactive ions in the absence of metabolic energy has generally been interpreted as binding to cell walls and subtracted from the total uptake to evaluate transport rates. Binding to isolated cell walls and to extracellular polymers has been studied as a phenomenon separate from transport. The existence of a large intra-cellular pool of exchangeable Mg 2+ and significant amounts of other divalent cations in all healthy bacteria means that transport is never measured under conditions of negligible internal cations.
The Development of Deviant Peer Association Across the Life-Course and Its Relevance for Predicting Offending in Early Adulthood

This study sought to describe the heterogeneity in developmental patterns of deviant peer association across adolescence and early adulthood among juvenile offenders and examine the relevance of this heterogeneity for predicting offending in early adulthood. All waves of the pathways to desistance sample were utilized in analyses. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to model the heterogeneous developmental patterns in deviant peer association. Poisson regression models were estimated to investigate the relevance of assignment to the elucidated trajectory groups for predicting offending at age 23 years. A three-group model best fit the data, consisting of low, moderate, and high deviant peer association groups. All groups were characterized by declines in deviant peer association across the study period. Poisson regression coefficients indicated that, relative to participants assigned to the low group, participants assigned to the high and moderate groups engaged in greater frequency of offending at age 23 years. Sensitivity analyses reveal greater odds of offending at age 23 years relative to participants assigned to the low group for participants for the moderate and high groups. Deviant peer association tends to decline across adolescence and early adulthood among juvenile offenders, and this level of association relative to others is generally established by age 16 years. Juvenile offenders with consistently high or moderate levels of deviant peer association are at-risk for offending in early adulthood. Criminal justice officials should work to disrupt deviant peer association in adolescence. Research on the development of deviant peer association is necessary with a general population sample.
Clinical Predictors of Port Infections in Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.

Abstract Purpose To identify clinical predictors of port infections in adult patients with hematologic malignancies. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review identified 223 adult patients (age ≥ 18 y) with hematologic malignancies, including lymphoma (n = 163), leukemia (n = 49), and others (n = 11), who had a port placed from 2012 to 2015. Early ( Results Total duration of follow-up was 83,722 catheter-days (median per patient, 274 catheter-days). Early and overall port infections were identified in 8 (3.6%) and 26 (11.7%) patients, respectively. Early and overall infection rates were 1.2 and 0.3 infections/1,000 catheter-days, respectively. Backward stepwise multivariate PSHREG analyses identified hypoalbuminemia ( 30 d cumulatively during follow-up period) (hazard ratio = 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–7.47; P = .002) as independent risk factors for early and overall port infections, respectively. Conclusions In adult patients with hematologic malignancies, hypoalbuminemia at the time of port placement was a clinical predictor for early port infections, whereas steroid use was a clinical predictor for overall port infections.
Interoperable Dynamic Composite Web Service

As Windows and Java enterprise solutions continue to grow, companies increasingly emphasize interoperability to extend existing software infrastructure and application investments. For application architects, the challenge is to find strategies to integrate and extend existing deployments without ’rip and replace’ options or costly application re-writes. The proposed ideas will be an effective and widely supported middleware technology enabling interoperability between Sun’s J2EE and Microsoft’s COM & .NET applications. This architecture can be used by companies to effectively integrate and harness the most powerful features of Java and Microsoft technologies.
Masks for micro- and nanolithography

Abstract: This chapter provides a general introduction to the masks used in microlithography. The mask contains the master copy of the pattern that is printed on wafer to create a semiconductor chip. Because this master copy is integral to the fabrication of every semiconductor chip of a given design, the mask must be tightly controlled for the ultimate semiconductor device to function properly. Mask types, mask materials, and their applications in semiconductor manufacturing are reviewed. The specific case of optical photomasks is used as an example to enable a clear overview of mask materials, processing, metrology, and defect control strategies.
Pectin-Degrading Enzymes: Polygalacturonase and Pectin Lyase

Pectic substances are polysaccharides rich in galacturonic acid. They are particularly abundant in the middle lamellae of plant tissues where they hold leaf cells together. During decomposition of leaf litter in streams, fungal activity softens leaf tissue and may release individual cells (maceration). The enzymes degrading pectins are thought to be responsible for this softening or macerating activity. This chapter describes methods for determining the activity of two classes of enzymes that depolymerize pectin. Polygalacturonases hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds between subunits. Activities are determined by incubating leaf discs with polygalacturonic acid and measuring the increase in concentration of galacturonic acid in a spectrophotometric assay using dinitrosalicylic acid as the reagent. Pectin lyases cleave the glycosidic bonds between subunits by β-elimination. Activities are determined by incubating leaf discs with pectin and measuring the increases in double bonds in an assay involving thiobarbituric acid solution. Polygalacturonases exhibit pH optima near 5 and are more active in softwater streams, whereas pectin lyases exhibit optima near pH 8 and are more active in hardwater streams. These enzyme assays have demonstrated the extraordinary importance of fungal leaf maceration in the decomposition of litter in streams.
Application of HPLC to the Separation of Metabolites of Nucleic Acids in Physiological Fluids

The last decade has witnessed an explosive growth in the interest and analysis of nucleic acids and their metabolites. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides1, nucleosides and bases are of importance in a wide spectrum of research areas. The refinement of the instrumentation and techniques of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) during this decade has aided all areas of nucleic acid research1). As more reliable and rapid means of analyses are provided, many other research areas are benefitting, especially biomedical research2, 3). HPLC can be utilized in many types of research; for example, in studies of the regulatory effect of cyclic nucleotides, the determination of the composition of hydrolysates of nucleic acids, the metabolic profiling of normal and diseased subjects, and studies of disease processes. HPLC is also of great importance in the separation and purification of starting materials, intermediates, and products in the synthesis of the nucleic acids, as well as for the nucleic acids themselves. In this article we will discuss the variables involved in developing an HPLC analysis for free purine and pyrimidine compounds in biological fluids.
Array abstractions from proofs

We present a technique for using infeasible program paths to automatically infer Range Predicates that describe properties of unbounded array segments. First, we build proofs showing the infeasibility of the paths, using axioms that precisely encode the high-level (but informal) rules with which programmers reason about arrays. Next, we mine the proofs for Craig Interpolants which correspond to predicates that refute the particular counterexample path. By embedding the predicate inference technique within a Counterexample-Guided Abstraction-Refinement (CEGAR) loop, we obtain a method for verifying data-sensitive safety properties whose precision is tailored in a program- and property-sensitive manner. Though the axioms used are simple, we show that the method suffices to prove a variety of array-manipulating programs that were previously beyond automatic model checkers.
Electric Field Induced Solidification — Theory of Electro-Rheology Fluids

There has been an enormous resurgence of interest in the field of electro-rheology (ER) fluids during the last couple of years. 1 An ER fluid consists of a suspension of fine dielectric particles in,a liquid of low dielectric constant.2-6 Its viscosity increases dramatically in the presence of an applied electric field. Indeed, if the electric field exceeds a critical value, the ER fluid turns into a solid whose yield stress increases as the field is further strengthened. The phenomenon is completely reversible and the time scale for this transition is of the order of a millisecond. This unique property makes ER fluids attractive for many futuristic technologies, such as brakes, suspensions, transmissions, and fuel flow control devices on automobiles and airplanes.4
The symptoms at the center: Examining the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression with network analysis.

Abstract Comorbid mental health disorders are highly common in trauma-exposed individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among the most common co-occurring conditions. Network models of psychopathology offer a novel method to understand how this comorbidity manifests. The present study examined the presence of symptom communities (groups of highly connected symptoms) within a network of these disorders and hub symptoms (symptoms that connect such communities). Cross-sectional data were obtained from a community sample (N = 1184) of trauma exposed adults. Network analyses identified 5 communities: 1 containing all depression and GAD symptoms and 4 for PTSD. The PTSD communities corresponded to symptoms of intrusion and avoidance, hyperarousal, dysphoria, and negative affect. These communities had varying levels of connectivity to the Depression & GAD community. Symptoms of GAD (inability to relax) and PTSD (restricted or diminished positive emotion) were identified as key hub symptoms for the network. The results suggest symptoms of depression and GAD are highly interrelated and that PTSD is heterogeneous. The comorbidity among these diagnoses is thought to stem from their overlap with negative affect.
Effects of Cooking Methods on Nutritional Content in Potato Tubers

Potato is cultivated worldwide and constitutes a substantial component of the global population’s diet. Potato tubers are rich in carbohydrates and certain vitamins, minerals, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other bioactive compounds. The cooking process makes potatoes palatable by inducing changes in chemical composition. Nutritional value is enhanced through increased digestion and bioavailability of nutrients. Food safety and sensory qualities including taste, texture, and flavor are improved during cooking. Other chemical constituents in tubers, such as glycoalkaloids, phenolic, and umami compounds, contribute to potato flavor. Cooking methods such as boiling, baking, microwaving, and frying can alter nutritional value and lead to the formation of anti-nutrient compounds, including acrylamide. Recently published articles have shown that there are many ways to decrease undesirable reactions during cooking while enhancing nutrient bioavailability, specifically through the use of relatively low cooking temperatures and shorter cooking times, and cooking under vacuum. This review focuses on the changes during cooking in compounds that contribute to the nutritional content of potatoes.
Electrochemical properties of polyoxometalate composite materials containing multiple redox centers

We used cyclic voltammetry (CV) to study the electrochemical redox properties of a series of solid-state polyoxometalate composite hybrid materials supported on indium tin oxide-coated glass. The hybrid materials are composed of the organofunctionalized polyoxocationic species, $$[{\text{NaV}}^{\text{IV}}_{6} {\text{O}}_{ 6}$$ {(OCH2CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)}6]+, in combination with the Keggin-structure polyoxoanions (PW12O40)3−, (SiW12O40)4−, or (SiMo12O40)4−. CV results show that the hybrid materials are electrochemically active, with redox events attributable to their electrochemically active molecular constituents. Strong chemical–environmental effects are also observed.
Vertical and Horizontal Development in Theoretical Psychology

Two directions of development are claimed as necessary to the long-term viability of any academic specialty. They are named “vertical and horizontal” development for the present discussion, and their role in relation to a constructive project for theoretical psychology is articulated here. Vertical development involves critical reflection inward toward the concepts, methods, and questions relevant to psychology and more specifically to the theoretical psychology community. Horizontal development involves attunement to new ideas and empirical findings in fields outside of psychology, with evaluation of their implication for psychological theory. Examples of the two directions of development are offered, and they are related to the long-range project of constructive project for theoretical psychology, identified as the effort to make conceptual contributions to the human pool of resources for problem-solving, and to aid in engendering the wise application of these resources.
Binge Drinking Among Older Adults in the United States, 2015 to 2017

Objectives Binge drinking is a risk factor for a range of harms. This study estimates the national prevalence of binge drinking and adds to our understanding of correlates of binge drinking among older adults in the United States. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting/participants A total of 10 927 adults, aged 65 years or older, from the 2015 to 2017 administrations of the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Measurements We estimated the prevalence of past-month binge alcohol use (five or more drinks on the same occasion for men and four or more drinks on the same occasion for women). Characteristics of past-month binge drinkers, including demographics, substance use, serious mental illness, mental health treatment utilization, chronic disease, and emergency department (ED) use, were compared to participants who reported past-month alcohol use without binge drinking. Comparisons were made using χ2 tests. We then used multivariable generalized linear models using Poisson and log link to examine the association between covariates and binge drinking among all past-month alcohol users aged 65 years or older. Results Of 10 927 respondents, 10.6% (95% CI = 9.9%-11.2%) were estimated to be current binge drinkers. Binge drinkers were more likely to be male, have a higher prevalence of current tobacco and/or cannabis use, and have a lower prevalence of two or more chronic diseases compared to nonbinge drinkers. In multivariable analysis, among past-month alcohol users, the prevalence of binge drinking was higher among non-Hispanic African Americans than whites (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.16-1.80), tobacco users (aPR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.33-1.74), cannabis users (aPR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.11-1.80), and those who visited the ED in the past year (aPR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.00-1.33). Conclusion Over a tenth of older adults in the United States are estimated to be current binge drinkers. Results confirm the importance of screening for binge drinking behaviors among older adults to minimize harms. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2139-2144, 2019.
Partially Ordered Sets

Partially ordered sets, or posets, appear in many branches of mathematics, but they are fundamental in combinatorics. For example, many of the important enumeration techniques (generating functions, inclusion-exclusion) have their theoretical foundation in some underlying poset.
Topography-Driven Shape, Spread, and Retention of Leaf Surface Water Impacts Microbial Dispersion and Activity in the Phyllosphere

To study the impact of lateral variation in surface topography on the microbial colonization of plant leaves, we used a two-step casting process to generate topomimetic “replicasts” in polydimethyl...
A screening tool identifies high distress in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

Abstract Background Many breast cancer patients and survivors experience clinically significant distress, which poses a danger to both their psychologic and clinical well-being. Improved understanding of the types of distress that patients experience at the time of breast cancer diagnosis may reveal areas for intervention to improve quality of life and long-term outcomes. Methods We retrospectively evaluated newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who completed a cancer distress screening tool at their initial multidisciplinary clinic visit. The screening tool, which has not yet been validated, asked patients to rate their distress and identify specific concerns related to emotional, social, health, and practical distress. To evaluate predictors of distress, patient characteristics were collected through review of the electronic medical record. Results The study population consisted of 379 patients. The number of patients experiencing high distress varied by domain: emotional (66.5%), social (25.1%), health (57.8%), and practical (36.4%). With the exception of marital status, no demographic, clinical, or pathologic factors were found to be significantly associated with distress in any domain. Conclusion Breast cancer patients experience significant distress at the time of initial diagnosis. Additional investigation assessing modifiable contributors to distress and developing clinical interventions to decrease distress from the time of diagnosis throughout treatment is needed to improve quality of life in this patient population.
Beyond Black and White in Higher Education

The diversity conversation in the field of dance in higher education predominantly includes Black and White. There is focus on the inclusion and promotion of African-based forms, while other styles...
Renal Transplant Patients Undergo Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair at a Younger Age and Experience More Complications: Review of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Database.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether history of kidney transplant is a risk factor for increased complications in patients who undergo abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Background The incidence of renal failure and subsequent kidney transplant is steadily rising. Many risk factors leading to AAA overlap with those of renal disease. Due to these similarities, a rising incidence of kidney transplant patients undergoing AAA repair is expected. We surmised a notable difference in AAA surgical repair outcomes in renal transplant recipients compared to the general population. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 59,836 adult patients with history of AAA repair and kidney transplant from 2008 to 2015. Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database developed for the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Results Significant differences in age, race, hospital characteristics, and complications were identified. The results suggest that patients with prior transplant generally have AAA repair at a significantly younger age (P Conclusion A history of kidney transplant significantly influences multiple aspects of care and complications regarding future AAA repair and is associated with increased in-hospital mortality index. Significant findings include increased total charges, longer lengths of stay, postoperative complications, and differences in age and race.
Towards Practical Multiprocessor EDF with Affinities

A gap exists between the theory of EDF scheduling on identical multiprocessors with arbitrary processor affinities (APA) and practical EDF scheduling as embodied by the SCHED_DEADLINE (SD) scheduler in Linux. This is because the EDF variant proposed in theory for APA, called Strong APA EDF, introduces affinity-related complexities that are not applicable under global EDF, the original target of SD. SD instead treats affinities as a secondary concern. It is shown herein that this treatment comes at the price of causing SD to be fundamentally broken with regard to soft real-time (SRT)-optimality with APA. This result resolves a longstanding open question regarding this matter. It also suggests that Strong APA EDF, which has been proven to be SRT-optimal, is necessary for practical EDF scheduling with APA. However, non-preemptive sections are typically required in practice, and prior work on Strong APA EDF is limited to fully preemptive systems. In this paper, this prior work is extended for the first time to deal with non-preemptivity, which introduces non-trivial nuances with APA. As a byproduct of considering non-preemptivity, it is shown that the SRT-optimality of EDF in this context carries over to a significantly expanded class of schedulers.
Shame on You: The Virtuous Use of Shame in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics

Aristotle presents shame as a non-virtue, but through a careful analysis of his definition and discussion of shame the reader can conclude that there is an appropriate type of shame; a prospective as opposed to retrospective feeling of shame. This prospective shame one of the best ways a well-bred youth can be led to the acquisition of virtuous character. This paper will explore Aristotle’s understanding of shame as explained in both the Nicomachean Ethics and in his broader corpus, and will examine who can possess shame, how it can be used to teach virtue, and the impact of polis upon this process.
An intrauterine genomic classifier reliably delineates the location of nonviable pregnancies.

Objective To compare the intrauterine gene expression signatures of women with surgically confirmed ectopic pregnancy (ECT) and those of women with miscarriage to inform the development of a genomic classifier for the reliable delineation of pregnancy location in women with clinically nonviable pregnancies of unknown location (NV-PULs). Design Discovery-based prospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Women with clinically nonviable early pregnancy to include abnormal intrauterine pregnancy (AIUP), ECT, or NV-PUL. Intervention(s) Endometrial (EM) pipelle sampling of the uterus was conducted at the time of scheduled surgery for clinically nonviable early pregnancy (dilation and curettage, manual vacuum aspiration, or laparoscopy). All pregnancy locations were surgically and/or histologically confirmed as intrauterine or ectopic. Main Outcome Measure(s) Gene expression profiles as determined by array hybridization, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and nCounter technology. Result(s) Intrauterine samples were obtained by EM pipelle from 27 women undergoing surgery for a clinically nonviable early pregnancy. Comparison of array-based global gene expression signatures from women with histologically confirmed ECT versus AIUP revealed 61 differentially expressed genes from which the 5 most informative were included in the pregnancy location classifier. All 5 genes (C20orf85, LRRC46, RSPH4A, WDR49, and ZBBX) were cilia-associated and showed increased expression in pipelle samples from women with ECT relative to expression in samples from women with AIUP. The 5-gene classifier demonstrated an average area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.97 for the detection of ECT. In an external test set composed of publicly available EM pipelle-based gene expression data from a study with similar ECT and AIUP cohorts (n = 19), the classifier revealed an average area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.84. Conclusion(s) Consistently increased expression of cilia-associated genes in the uterine cavity of women with ECT provides a reliable molecular signal for the delineation of pregnancy location in women with clinically assessed NV-PUL. A classifier consisting of the 5 most informative cilia-associated genes demonstrated 91% (42/46) accuracy in predicting the pregnancy location.
Hauntings of Longing: A Mad Autoethnographic Poetic Transcription

This poetry collection explores my grapplings with my Mad and trans identities within the curative, diagnostic, medical model discourses of the medical industrial complex. Using an autoethnographic Mad and trans poesis, I seek to situate these grapplings within historical and present-day systems of power, privilege, and oppression, confronting the hauntings (Gordon, 2008) that arise from my simultaneous complicity in and disruption of these institutionalized structures of harm and violence that disproportionately target bodyminds that are deemed non-normative. By engaging in this process through poetic expression, I center an embodied form of knowledge production that challenges sanist notions of rationality and hetero- and cis-normativity constructed and perpetuated by white settler colonial ideologies. My unearthing of these hauntings (Gordon, 2008) and my relationship to them on an internal, interpersonal, and systemic level is merely a beginning in a life-long journey of trans and Mad becoming.
Constructed Wetlands as Unit Operations in Chemical Process Design: Benefits and Simulation

Abstract Sustainability requires chemical processes to respect ecological constraints. Toward meeting this requirement, the idea of including ecosystems as unit operations in process design has been introduced in previous work. To make this idea more practical, this work develops a constructed wetland (CW) simulation module for use in the process simulation tool CHEMCAD. By simulating various combinations of an anaerobic bioreactor (ABR) technology and a CW ecosystem for water treatment, this work shows that CW is most cost-effective if adequate land area is available. Otherwise, a series arrangement with the ABR before the CW makes the most sense. This result introduces a potential design heuristic that technology is better suited than a nature-based solution for a higher concentration of waste. Integrated designs show that cost-effective designs reduce the separation load on distillation by relying more on the lower-cost CW. Recycling water makes economic sense only if the cost of water increases.
Deep structure of DNA for genomic analysis.

Recent advances in next generation sequencing, deep networks and other bioinformatic tools have enabled us to mine huge amount of genomic information about living organisms in the post-microarray era. However, these tools do not explicitly factor in the role of the underlying DNA biochemistry (particularly, DNA hybridization) essential to life processes. Here, we focus more precisely on the role that DNA hybridization plays in determining properties of biological organisms at the macro-level. We illustrate its role with solutions to challenging problems in human disease. These solutions are made possible by novel structural properties of DNA hybridization landscapes revealed by a metric model of oligonucleotides of a common length that makes them reminiscent of some planets in our solar system, particularly earth and saturn. They allow a judicious selection of so-called noncrosshybridizing (nxh) bases that offer substantial reduction of DNA sequences of arbitrary length into a few informative features. The quality assessment of the information extracted by them is high because of their very low Shannon Entropy, i.e. they minimize the degree of uncertainty in hybridization that makes results on standard microarrays irreproducible. For example, SNP classification (pathogenic/nonpathogenic) and pathogen identification can be solved with high sensitivity (~77%/100%) and specificity (~92%/100%, respectively) for combined taxa on a sample of over 264 fully coding sequences in whole bacterial genomes and fungal mitochondrial genomes using machine learning (ML) models. These methods can be applied to several other interesting research questions that could be addressed with similar genomic analyses.
Eukaryotic Diversity—a Synoptic View

The diversity of eukaryotic microbes is still relatively unexplored, particularly in extreme environments and for the smallest eukaryotes. Estimates of the numbers of clades of eukaryotes vary dramatically and range up to as many as 200 lineages, of which plants, animals, and fungi represent just three clades. This review presents an overview on eukaryotic relationships, describes major innovations within eukaryotes, and illustrates these innovations through examples from major clades. It focuses on representatives of five major clades —alveolates, heterokonts, euglenozoa, opisthokonts, and mycetozoans— as well as a few groups of uncertain taxonomic position—foraminifera, diplomonads, parabasalids. The alveolates are a well-defined clade that emerges from many gene genealogies and includes three major lineages: the ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates. The heterokonts, also called stramenopiles, are a diverse group of eukaryotes that include brown algae, diatoms, labyrinthulids, and water molds. The euglenozoa include two major lineages, the euglenids and the kinetoplastids, whose sister status is supported by both ultrastructural and molecular analyses. The opisthokonts include several microbial lineages (e.g., choanoflagellates and microsporidians) as well as two predominantly macroscopic clades (animals and fungi). The mycetozoans, or slime molds, are characterized by complex life cycles that include multicellular fruiting bodies. There are two major types of slime molds: cellular and acellular.
Problems for Modified Newtonian Dynamics in Clusters and the Lyα Forest

The observed dynamics of gas and stars on galactic and larger scales cannot be accounted for by self-gravity, indicating that there are large quantities of unseen matter or that gravity is non-Newtonian in these regimes. Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) postulates that Newton's laws are modified at very low acceleration, and can account for the rotation curves of galaxies and some other astrophysical observations, without dark matter. Here we apply MOND to two independent physical systems: Lyα absorbers and galaxy clusters. While physically distinct, both are simple hydrodynamical systems with characteristic accelerations in the MOND regime. We find that, because MOND violates the strong equivalence principle, the properties of Lyα absorbers depend strongly on the (unknown) background acceleration field in which they are embedded. If this field is small compared to their internal accelerations, then the absorbers are more dense and about 10 times smaller than in Newtonian gravity with dark matter, in conflict with sizes inferred from quasar pair studies. If, however, the background field is rather large, then the absorbers take on properties similar to those predicted in the cold dark matter picture. In clusters MOND appears to explain the observed (baryonic) mass-temperature relation. However, given observed gas density and enclosed mass profiles and the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium, MOND predicts radial temperature profiles that disagree badly with observations. We show this explicitly for the Virgo, Abell 2199, and Coma Clusters, but the results are general and seem very difficult to avoid. If this discrepancy is to be resolved by positing additional (presumably baryonic) dark matter, then this dark matter must have ~1-3 times the cluster gas mass within 1 Mpc and about 10 times the gas mass within 200 kpc. This result strongly disfavors MOND as an alternative to dark matter.
QTL Mapping for Days to Flowering under Drought Condition in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genome

QTL for days to flowering in rice under drought condition were mapped using a DH population derived from a cross between a deep-rooted upland adapted japonica genotype CT9993-5-10-1-M and a lowland adapted shallow-rooted moderately drought tolerant indica genotype IR62266-42-6-2. QTL mapping was performed following three different mapping models viz. simple (SIM), composite (CIM) and multiple mapping model (MIM) using WinQTL Cartographer version 2.5.006. SIM located 12 QTL for days to flowering spread over nine chromosomes whereas CIM and MIM each located 5 QTL with a threshold LOD score of 2.5. A comparison of the QTL detected by three different models identified five QTL that were common across at least two models for days to flowering. In MIM analysis, the detected QTL (qHD-1-b) between flanking markers (RG109 – ME1014) located on chromosome 1 recorded positive effect (1.4090) but the remaining four QTL had negative effect. The QTL (qHD-3-a) detected between flanking markers (RG104 – RG409) by both MIM and SIM in the present study was also reported earlier as linked with the marker RG104. The five common QTL detected by at least two models could be considered as stable QTL for days to flowering under drought and might be of practical use in marker assisted selection.
Annotated Revision Specification Programs

Marek and Truszczynski have introduced an interesting mechanism for specifying revisions of knowledge bases by means of logic programs. Here we extend their idea to allow for confidence factors, multiple experts, and so on. The appropriate programming mechanism turns out to be annotated logic programs and the appropriate semantic tool, bilattices. This may be the first example of a setting in which both notions arise naturally, and complement each other. We also show that several of the results of Marek and Truszczynski turn out to be essentially algebraic, once the proper setting has been formulated.
Use of Nonmotile Mutants to Identify a Set of Membrane Proteins Related to Gliding Motility in Cytophaga Johnsonae

Nonmotile mutants of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae were examined to identify proteins that might be involved in gliding motility. Wild-type and mutant cell proteins were solubilized and fractionated by using Triton X-114, and the proteins that partitioned into the aqueous phase or the detergent phase were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for proteins that differed between wild-type and mutant cells. Seventeen proteins, ranging in size from 16 to 150 kilodaltons, were implicated by this technique as having some relationship to gliding and were designated Gld-1 through Gld-17. All Gld proteins behaved as integral membrane proteins, partitioning into the detergent phase. All 56 mutants examined exhibited changes in 1 or more of the Gld proteins, with the number of proteins altered in any mutant varying from 1 to 11. Several lines of evidence suggested that proteins Gld-12 through Gld-15 are glycoproteins. Analysis of banding patterns of detergent-fraction proteins of motile revertants supported the idea that the Gld proteins have a role in gliding motility.