cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"How I kept track of it of course was my business": cancer patient self-monitoring as self-stylized work.

OBJECTIVES Self-monitoring behaviors of cancer patients benefit patients, caregivers, and providers, and yet the phenomenon of self-monitoring from the cancer-patient perspective has not been studied. We examined cancer patients' self-monitoring preferences and practices, focusing on the meaning of self-monitoring within the cancer experience. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted among adult cancer patients who had been seen at least once at a rural United States cancer center. Questions sought out the meaning of self-monitoring and its practical aspects. Qualitative data were analyzed by adapting the four-stepped method by Giorgi for empirical phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Twenty participants were interviewed (11 women and 9 men). Transcribed interviews revealed that cancer patient self-monitoring is self-stylized work that ranges from simple to complex, while being both idiosyncratic and routine. Participants reported using tools with systems for use that fit their distinctive lives for the purpose of understanding and using information they deemed to be important in their cancer care. Three conceptual categories were discerned from the data that help to elucidate this self-stylized work as fitting their individual priorities and preferences, reflecting their identities, and being born of their work lives. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Findings highlight patients' unique self-monitoring preferences and practices, calling into question the assumption that the sole use of standardized tools are the most effective approach to engaging patients in this practice. Self-monitoring efforts can be validated when providers welcome or adapt to patients' self-stylized tools and systems. Doing so may present opportunity for improved communications and patient-centered care.
Electric urban delivery trucks: energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost-effectiveness.

We compare electric and diesel urban delivery trucks in terms of life-cycle energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and total cost of ownership (TCO). The relative benefits of electric trucks depend heavily on vehicle efficiency associated with drive cycle, diesel fuel price, travel demand, electric drive battery replacement and price, electricity generation and transmission efficiency, electric truck recharging infrastructure, and purchase price. For a drive cycle with frequent stops and low average speed such as the New York City Cycle (NYCC), electric trucks emit 42–61% less GHGs and consume 32–54% less energy than diesel trucks, depending upon vehicle efficiency cases. Over an array of possible conditions, the median TCO of electric trucks is 22% less than that of diesel trucks on the NYCC. For a drive cycle with less frequent stops and high average speed such as the City–Suburban Heavy Vehicle Cycle (CSHVC), electric trucks emit 19–43% less GHGs and consume 5–34% less energy, but cost 1% ...
Biological Effects of Poly rI:rC and Endotoxin in Mice Infected with Mycobacterium BCG: Interferon Induction and Toxicity:

SummaryInfection of mice with BCG failed to enhance sensitivity to poly rI:rC, as assayed by the amount of polymer required for interferon induction or for lethal toxicity. The amount of interferon induced in normal mice reached a plateau at a poly rI:rC dose of 200 μg per mouse. In contrast, the amount of interferon elaborated by BCG-infected mice following poly rI:rC doses of ≥200 μg per mouse was greater than that of normal mice, and increased with increasing amounts of inducer. Complete hyporeactivity to interferon induction by endotoxin was observed in normal mice pretreated with poly rI:rC, even when the dose of poly rI:rC elicited only a minimal interferon response, whereas a poly rI:rC dose-related hyporeactivity was observed in BCG-infected mice.The research for this paper was supported by National Institute of Health Grants 5TI AI0128-12 and AI07257-06.
Morphosyntactic property sets at the interface of inflectional morphology, syntax and semantics

The morphosyntactic property set associated with the syntactic node occupied by a word form is not invariably identical to the property set determining that word form’s inflection, as evidence from Bhojpuri, Turkish, Sanskrit and Hua shows. The difference between syntactic property sets and their corresponding morphological property sets may be represented as a property mapping relating two different kinds of paradigm: a lexeme L’s content paradigm specifies the range of property sets with which L may be associated in syntax ; its form paradigm specifies the (sometimes distinct) property sets that determine L’s inflectional realization. Thus, a language’s inflectional morphology doesn’t merely specify the realization of paradigm cells: it also specifies the sometimes nontrivial linkage of content with form at the interface of syntax and semantics with morphology.
A Mihalisin---Klee Theorem for Fans

The Mihalisin---Klee Theorem states that an orientation of a 3-polytopal graph is induced by an affine function on some 3-polytope realizing the graph if the orientation is acyclic, has a unique source and a unique sink, and admits three independent monotone paths from the source to the sink. We replace the requirement that the orientation is acyclic with the assumption that it has no directed cycle contained in a face of the orientation, and show that such orientations are induced by 3-dimensional fans.
Net lactate uptake during progressive steady-level contractions in canine skeletal muscle.

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in net lactate uptake (L) by skeletal muscle with a constant elevated blood lactate concentration during steady-level contractions of increasi...
Safety of Continuous Infusion Ketorolac in Postoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Patients.

Background:Continuous infusion ketorolac is sometimes utilized for analgesia in postoperative coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients despite contraindications for use. Limited literature surrounds this topic; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the safety of this practice. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the primary outcome of mortality and secondary outcomes of incidence of bleeding and myocardial infarction (MI). All patients who underwent isolated CABG surgeries and received continuous infusion ketorolac during the study period were included. An equal number of randomly selected isolated CABG patients served as control patients. Electronic medical records and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database were utilized to determine baseline characteristics and outcomes; Results: One hundred and seventy-eight patients met inclusion; 89 in each group. More patients in the control group underwent on-pump surgeries (78.6% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.01) and had higher STS risk scores (1.1% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.003). There was no difference in mortality between the ketorolac group and control group (2.2% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.605). Additionally, no patients experienced a MI and there was no difference in bleeding incidence (5.5% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.58); Conclusions: No association was found between continuous infusion ketorolac and increased risk of mortality, MI, or bleeding events in postoperative CABG patients. Considerations to differences in baseline characteristics must be made when interpreting results.
The Spatial Growth Rate of Stimulated Raman Scattering: A New Technique for Measuring Picosecond Laser Pulse Intensities

We report a new technique for measurement of the spatial growth rate of a Stokes pulse in liquids generated by a single picosecond laser pulse. Solutions to the coupled differential equations describing the Stokes growth, taken in the region where the depletion of the laser pulse is small, show that the Stokes pulse grows exponentially with a rate equal to gsIl. Experiments performed in ethanol where gs, the Stokes gain, is known allows us to calculate the initial laser intensity, Il. This technique shows promise as a convenient method for measuring the absolute intensity of picosecond laser pulses.
Early Therapy Services Following Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge.

ABSTRACTAims: To (1) characterize early therapy services for preterm infants in the first two years of life, and (2) define factors related to accessing early therapy services. Methods: Therapy utilization after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was tracked in 57 infants born ≤30 weeks gestation from 2007 to 2010. Participants returned for developmental testing at two years. Factors related to early therapy utilization were explored. Results: Fifty-two (91%) infants received a referral for therapy at NICU discharge but only 44 (77%) received at least one type of therapy during the first two years of life. Infants who received early therapy services were more likely to have more days on ventilation (p =.005), have single mothers (p =.047), and exhibit abnormal neurobehavior at term equivalent age (p =.03). On average, infants first received occupational therapy at a mean age of 5.1 ± 4.6 months with a median of 2.6 (1.3–9.0), physical therapy at a mean age of 4.3 ± 4.1 months with a me...
The Conception and Evaluation of Sexual Health Literature.

Abstract Introduction Understanding the appropriate evaluation and development methods for studying the literature as it pertains to sexual health is important for those practicing within the subspecialty. Aim To further understand the methodology that is necessary to evaluate and design optimal studies in sexual health. Methods A PubMed search was performed using the terms urologic study design, urologic validated questionnaires, clinical trials, and study bias. Articles with current and relevant topics in sexual health were selected for evaluation. Main Outcome Measure Summary of the current state of sexual medicine literature with insights into the evaluation and development of this literature. Results Most of the urologic and sexual medicine literature consists of retrospective studies that have resulted in low levels of evidence. Case series, case-control studies, cohort studies, and experimental studies are designs commonly used in sexual health. There are numerous types of bias that decrease the validity of the results within the literature. There are multiple validated questionnaires that can decrease bias when collecting data. These instruments are preferred over non-validated questionnaires and can help discern whether an intervention improves a patient's quality of life. The quality of the literature varies and often reflects the incidence of the condition being studied. Conclusion Those caring for patients with sexual dysfunction need to recognize the quality of the literature they read and understand the means of developing the highest quality studies, recommendations, and published literature. DeLay KJ, Voznesensky I, Hellstrom WJG. The Conception and Evaluation of Sexual Health Literature. Sex Med Rev 2017;5:135–145.
Phase II Study of CEP701, an Orally Available JAK2 Inhibitor, in Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis and Post Polycythemia Vera/Essential Thrombocythemia Myelofibrosis.

Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) associated with activating mutations of Janus tyrosine kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. The most common mutation, JAK2 V617F, has been reported in ∼97% of patients with PV, ∼50% with ET, and ∼50% with PMF. The resultant JAK2 protein is continuously autophosporylated and therefore always active. It is believed that this mutated tyrosine kinase contributes to the existence and progression of MPDs. CEP701 is an orally available potent low nanomolar inhibitor of wild type and mutated JAK2 tyrosine kinase in enzymatic and cellular assays. Significant inhibition (growth stasis) was observed following CEP-701 subcutaneous administration to V617F-mutated JAK2-dependent HEL.92 xenografts grown in immunocompromised mice. These results indicate that CEP-701 is an attractive candidate for clinical evaluation in patients with MPD carrying a mutated, constitutively activated JAK2. CEP701 is also a potent inhibitor of FLT3 and is being evaluated as FLT3 inhibitor in Phase II/III studies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, at the starting dose of 80mg PO BID. We designed a Phase II study of CEP701, at the dose of 80 mg PO BID, in patients with PMF and post PV/ET MF, who harbor JAK2 V617F mutation. Eleven patients have been treated so far, seven males, median age 56 years (range, 38–69), median 3 prior therapies (range 0–6); 7 with abnormal cytogenetics; 8 with enlarged spleen (2 had splenectomy); 4 with enlarged liver; 5 transfusion dependent. Five patients have been followed for at least 1 month and have had stable disease. Response will be evaluated using International Working Group for MF Consensus Response Criteria. JAK2 V617F allele burden is being measured monthly. Except for Grade 2 nausea in one patient, no toxicities have been noted so far. Updated results will be presented at the meeting.
Transformation of Myeloid Cells by the BCR/ABL Oncogene

BCR/ABL transforms hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo and exerts a wide variety of biological effects, including induction of factor-independence, reduction of apoptosis, and altering adhesion of CML cells to marrow stroma. However, at a biochemical level, the mechanisms by which BCR/ABL transforms myeloid cells remain poorly understood. p210BCR/ABL has elevated ABL tyrosine kinase activity, relocates to the cytoskeleton, and phosphorylates many cellular signaling proteins. Recent advances in identifying the substrates of the ABL tyrosine kinase have led to a better understanding of the mechanism of transformation. A variety of signaling pathways are activated by p210BCR/ABL, including those involving p2lras, PI3K, and CRKL. Considerable progress has been made linking each of these pathways to specific biological and clinical abnormalities in CML.
Mathematical models and membrane permeability.

At one time applications of mathematical models to physiology and medicine were largely recorded in a few esoteric journals read primarily by specialists who were involved in their development. Most laboratory biologists were neither interested nor had the necessary background to exploit them. Today, through improved educational curricula and through the introduction of modern computers, the situation is radically different. Mathematical models reach into virtually every field of biological inquiry. In many instances, they are no longer a luxury afforded to a few theoreticians; they have become an indispensable tool for the practical design, execution, and interpretation of experiments.
Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Rural America

Economic development and employment in rural areas include barriers such as geographical limitations, lack of contemporary skills for the workforce, stereotypes, and disincentives of fringe benefits for workers. Employment growth lags behind metropolitan areas. To understand and address the unique challenges and opportunities faced by people with disabilities living in rural communities requires an awareness of what drives economic development and workforce initiatives. Entrepreneurship offers one possible approach to unemployment in rural communities. This chapter presents an overview of employment trends, challenges, and solutions in rural America, particularly for those with disabilities.
Capacitated Domination Problems on Planar Graphs

Capacitated Domination generalizes the classic Dominating Set problem by specifying for each vertex a required demand and an available capacity for covering demand in its closed neighborhood. The objective is to find a minimum-size set of vertices that can cover all of the graph’s demand without exceeding any of the capacities. Capacitated r-Domination further generalizes the problem by allowing vertices to cover demand up to a distance r away. In this paper we look specifically at domination problems with hard capacities (i.e. each vertex can appear at most once in the solution). Previous complexity results suggest that this problem cannot be solved (or even closely approximated) efficiently in general graphs. In this paper we present polynomial-time approximation schemes for Capacitated Domination and Capacitated r-Domination in unweighted planar graphs when the maximum capacity is bounded. We also show how this result can be extended to the closely-related Capacitated Vertex Cover problem.
Production and isolation of 197m,gHg

A new procedure has been developed for isolating no-carrier-added 197m,gHg from 20 to 25 MeV α-particle irradiations of high purity Pt foils. A previously published procedure for isolation of 197m,gHg from 12 to 15 MeV proton irradiations of Au foils has been further characterized. From these procedures two separate methods have been established to isolate, with high separation factors, 197m,gHg from Pt to Au target materials.
CORONA-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OF SF6

ABSTRACT The stable, neutral decomposition products resulting from positive point-plane dc corona in static SF6 gas have been identified with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Absolute concentrations of some species have been measured with a sensitivity of ˜ 1 ppm as a function of total energy dissipated for discharge power levels between 50 and 700 mW. The first detectable gaseous contaminant to appear is H2O, presumably liberated by discharge-induced desorption from the electrode. The oxyfluorides SOF2, SO2F2, and SOF4 are the next most prominent species to appear. Other species such as CO, CO2, CF4, OCS, and SO2 were identified. For corona levels below 700 mW, SOF2 and SO2F2 appear with nearly equal concentrations, and the production rates for both are constant and proportional to discharge power. The presence of trace amounts of H2O and other decomposition products is found to have a pronounced effect in suppressing the pulse burst characteristic of positive corona in SF6.
Intrinsic and instrumental perspectives to sanitation.

Abstract Public health interventions are often implemented because they are a means to an end. For example, improving population-level health outcomes is a key step towards improving social and economic outcomes, too. But what is often overlooked is the fact that a given public health intervention might be the end in itself. In other words, a given intervention might be worth investing in even if there are zero returns from investing in it. This intrinsic value, however, is often overlooked. In this commentary, we look specifically at sanitation, and why the development community should motivate sanitation interventions using an intrinsic value perspective. We also extend the conversation to why there needs to be a fundamental shift away from demand-side interventions to supply-side interventions. In doing so, we hope to offer a more equitable perspective to health and development.
Architectural Diversity: Bio-Inspired Hardware Security for FPGAs

Security of computing systems has emerged as a major concern in today's society, as attacks on CPUs, ran-somware, and botnets are becoming all the more common. One of the primary enablers of these widespread attacks is the mass production of computer hardware. While this is beneficial for design, fabrication, and test, it leaves all devices with the same hardware vulnerable to the same attacks. In nature, diversity at the genetic level helps ensure survival of a species, and provides resilience to some individuals against certain pathogens. While diversity has been explored at the software level, its applicability to hardware is less obvious. This paper explores the application of mutating hardware, inspired by evolution in nature, to Field Programmable Gate Arrays, and provides examples of low-overhead modifications to a typical FPGA architecture that enables secure, mutating architectures for current- and next-generation FPGAs.
Piezotransistive GaN Microcantilever Based N0 2 Sensing Using Functionalized Nanoscale Thin Films

In the recent years, microcantilevers with promising deflection sensitivities have been extensively studied in numerous applications including gas sensors. In this study, N0 2 detection experiment has been demonstrated via piezotransistive GaN microcantilevers utilizing the Kelvin probe measurement technique which is based on the electrostatic force detection between the cantilever tip and In 2 0 3 nanoscale thin film. Change in the surface work function of the In 2 0 3 thin film due to the exposure to 5 ppm N0 2 is potentiometrically measured by GaN microcantilevers with an embedded AlGaN/GaN HFET at the base, where the oscillation amplitudes of the microcantilever were directly transduced into electrical signals. Since the GaN microcantilevers does not require any other deflection detection mechanism, it is suitable for practical real time applications.
Probing the limits of interrupted adenylation domains by engineering a trifunctional enzyme capable of adenylation, N-, and S-methylation

The adenylation (A) domains found in nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) exhibit tremendous plasticity. Some A domains have been shown to display the ability to contain within them the catalytic portion of an auxiliary domain, most commonly that of a methyltransferase (M) enzyme. This unique feature of A domains interrupted by M domains allows them to possess bifunctionality, where they can both adenylate and methylate an amino acid substrate. Additionally, these types of inserted M domains are able to selectively carry out either backbone or side chain methylation of amino acids. Interruptions with M domains are naturally found to occur either between the a2-a3 or the a8-a9 of the ten conserved motifs of A domains. Herein, we set out to answer the following question: Can one A domain support two different M domain interruptions occurring in two different locations (a2-a3 and a8-a9) of the A domain and possess the ability to adenylate an amino acid and methylate it on both its side chain and backbone? To answer this question we added a backbone methylating M3S domain from TioS(A3aM3SA3b) between the a8-a9 region of a mono-interrupted A domain, TioN(AaMNAb), that already contained a side chain methylating MN domain between its a2-a3 region. We evaluated the di-interrupted A domain TioN(AMNAM3SA) with a series of radiometric and mass spectrometry assays and found that this engineered enzyme was indeed capable of all three activities. These findings show that production of an active trifunctional di-interrupted A domain is possible and represents an exciting new avenue for future nonribosomal peptide (NRP) derivatization.
What Chemistry Teachers Should Know about the Revised International System of Units (Système International)

In November 2018, a revision of the International System of Units (Systeme International, SI) was approved at the 26th meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). What are the implications of the revision of all seven definitions of SI base units for the teaching of chemistry? (1) No names of base units or their corresponding physical quantities have changed. For the precision typically employed in educational settings (say six or fewer significant figures), no values of base units have changed either. (2) The mole is officially defined as a definite number (6.02214076 × 1023) of elementary entities. (3) The kilogram is defined by setting a fixed value for the Planck constant. (4) The revision defines units indirectly by assigning fixed values to key physical constants (explicit-constant definitions rather than explicit-unit definitions). (5) Some quantities previously regarded as exact now have small uncertainties and vice versa.
African Tick-Bite Fever.

African Tick-Bite Fever Two brothers returned from travel to sub-Saharan Africa with fever, headache, and multiple eschars. A diagnosis of African tick-bite fever was made.
An Alternative to Gender Complementarity: The Body as Existential Category in the Catholic Tradition:

This article reevaluates the concept of “woman” in the Christian tradition by arguing that the body is shaped ontologically not by binary sex (gender essentialism), but by history. While there have...
Current drugs. New clinical problems

RESUME La derniere decennie se caracterise par des modifications notables de la consommation des drogues. Devancant l’heroine, les produits psychostimulants et psychodysleptiques occupent le 2 eme rang dans la consommation des jeunes. Le produit illicite le plus frequemment consomme reste le cannabis. Le developpement des drogues de synthese, « designers drugs », s’integre dans le contexte de recherche de molecules capables de « faciliter et de renforcer les relations ». Ils sont quasiment toujours pris en association avec de l’alcool et du cannabis voire d’autres produits psychotropes.
Someone Else's Story: An Ethical Approach to Interactive Narrative Design for Cultural Heritage.

This paper outlines an approach to community based co-design of interactive narrative (IN) cultural heritage experiences, based on the author’s development of an advanced-level project course on the topic over the past six years. Several projects are discussed as case studies, including projects that address the history of Irish immigrants working as domestic laborers in Troy NY in the 1850s; urban renewal in Albany NY and Troy NY in the 1960s and 1970s; the Native American nations’ Iroquois Confederacy in present-day Cohoes NY; and the upstate New York history of Harriet Tubman, the legendary African American liberator of hundreds of enslaved people during the 1850s and 1860s. Issues highlighted include the ethics of telling other people’s stories in the IN medium, the myth of the designer as impartial facilitator, the power structures of different types of design processes, and complexities of large scale projects that incorporate emergent technology, contested histories, and a wide range of stakeholders and participants. Lessons learned are shared in the form of a set of guidelines to help shape design and development of interactive narrative projects in educational, museum, and heritage settings.
Improving pupil diameter measurement accuracy in a remote eye tracking system

Pupil diameter (PD) has been used to track changes in mental effort across a broad range of cognitive tasks for over 60 years. PD is often measured from remote eye tracking systems, which all have ...
A Multiscale Deep Learning Approach for High-Resolution Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) has emerged as a highly successful sensing modality for a variety of applications ranging from urban mapping to environmental monitoring and precision agriculture. Despite the efforts made by the scientific community, developing reliable algorithms of HSI classification remains a challenging problem, especially for high-resolution HSI data where there is often larger intraclass variability combined with a scarcity of the ground-truth data and class imbalance. In recent years, deep neural networks have emerged as a promising strategy for problems of HSI classification where they have shown remarkable potential for learning joint spectral–spatial features efficiently via backpropagation. In this letter, we propose a deep learning strategy for HSI classification that combines different convolutional neural networks, especially designed to efficiently learn joint spatial–spectral features over multiple scales. Our method achieves an overall classification accuracy of 66.73% on the 2018 IEEE GRSS hyperspectral data set—a high-resolution data set that includes 20 urban land-cover and land-use classes.
Communicated Stereotypes, Attitudes, and Intended Accommodation of Appalachians

The study illuminates intergroup cognitions and intended communication towards Appalachians. American MTurk workers’ (N = 252) open-ended responses illuminated stereotype content of “backwards,” “u...
Impact of second-opinion dermatopathology reviews on surgical management of malignant neoplasms

Background Second-opinion review is linked to error reduction and treatment changes in anatomic pathology. Objective We sought to establish the rate of diagnostic discrepancy identified by second-opinion dermatopathologic review and the effect on surgical treatment. Methods Cases referred for treatment of a malignant neoplasm diagnosed by an outside pathologist were reviewed. The external and internal second-opinion dermatopathologic reports were compared. Discordance in diagnosis, subtype, and treatment change owing to second-opinion review was recorded. The referring pathologist's level of dermatopathologic training was also documented. Results A total of 358 cases were included. Dermatopathologic second-opinion diagnosis was discordant with the outside diagnosis in 37 of 358 cases (10.3%). In 32 of 358 cases (8.9%), second-opinion review resulted in a change in treatment, with 28 of 32 (87.5%) of these changes resulting in cancelled surgery. Dermatologists without dermatopathologic fellowship training had the highest rate of discordant diagnoses compared with pathologists and dermatopathologists. Limitations This was a retrospective study at a tertiary care facility. Conclusion Second-opinion dermatopathologic review is associated with identification of discordant diagnoses and a substantial influence on treatment, with both cancellation of surgery and augmented management. Secondary pathologic review should be considered in high-volume surgical practices.
Optical Wavefront Sensing with Picometer Sensitivity

Precision optical wavefront metrology is crucial in a range of areas, including direct imaging of exoplanets. Although ground-based systems have reached high sensitivities, systems that are suitable for space use using stellar photons for sensing are lacking. In work published this year, we have developed a robust phase reconstruction expression that allows very accurate measurement of small phase changes at the highest spatial frequencies possible, targeting very small signals to demonstrate its applicability for space-based high-contrast missions
Evaluation of germline genetic testing criteria in early-onset kidney cancer.

296Background: An estimated 5% of kidney cancers are associated with hereditary RCC syndromes. Current germline genetic testing guidelines for patients with kidney cancer were developed to identify...
Bayesian subset selection and variable importance for interpretable prediction and classification.

Subset selection is a valuable tool for interpretable learning, scientific discovery, and data compression. However, classical subset selection is often eschewed due to selection instability, computational bottlenecks, and lack of post-selection inference. We address these challenges from a Bayesian perspective. Given any Bayesian predictive model $\mathcal{M}$, we elicit predictively-competitive subsets using linear decision analysis. The approach is customizable for (local) prediction or classification and provides interpretable summaries of $\mathcal{M}$. A key quantity is the acceptable family of subsets, which leverages the predictive distribution from $\mathcal{M}$ to identify subsets that offer nearly-optimal prediction. The acceptable family spawns new (co-) variable importance metrics based on whether variables (co-) appear in all, some, or no acceptable subsets. Crucially, the linear coefficients for any subset inherit regularization and predictive uncertainty quantification via $\mathcal{M}$. The proposed approach exhibits excellent prediction, interval estimation, and variable selection for simulated data, including $p=400 > n$. These tools are applied to a large education dataset with highly correlated covariates, where the acceptable family is especially useful. Our analysis provides unique insights into the combination of environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic factors that predict educational outcomes, and features highly competitive prediction with remarkable stability.
The anatomic scalene triangle: A useful landmark for pelvic lymphadenectomy during Retzius-Sparing Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Objective Pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLN) during Retzius-Sparing Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RS-RARP) may be challenging because the medial umbilical ligaments are not released, and the anterior structures are preserved. The incidence of symptomatic lymphoceles following PLN during RS-RARP has been reported to be higher than standard approaches (anterior technique) for RARP. We describe the anatomic scalene triangle as a useful landmark to facilitate PLN during RS-RARP and compare outcomes of PLN using this technique versus PLN for standard RARP. Patients and Surgical Procedure This is a single center, institutional review board approved, retrospective case-control study of 200 consecutive patients undergoing RS-RARP or standard RARP. We compared perioperative factors such as age, BMI, PSA, grade group, tumor stage, lymph node yield, and incidence of symptomatic lymphoceles using t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. A P-value of Results There were no statistically significant differences between RS-RARP and standard RARP with respect to age, BMI, PSA, grade group, tumor stage, lymph node yield, or incidence of symptomatic lymphoceles. There were 4 symptomatic lymphoceles in the RS-RARP group and 1 symptomatic lymphocele in the standard RARP group. These were all treated with percutaneous drainage by interventional radiology. Conclusions The anatomic scalene triangle is a useful landmark to facilitate a safe, reproducible, and efficient PLN during RS-RARP. We observed a 4% incidence of symptomatic lymphoceles compared to prior, smaller series which have demonstrated 8–16% incidence of symptomatic lymphoceles with PLN during RS-RARP. Although there was a higher incidence of symptomatic lymphoceles in the RS-RARP group compared to standard RARP, this was not statistically significant.
The bind of tolerance and a call to feminist theory: A reply to Gila Stopler

There are no spaces or spheres of the personal or the private that are not also fraught with political potential and consequence. That insistent lesson from feminist thought is these days instanced, truly writes Gila Stopler, by the bafflements faced by liberal democracies confronting severe threat from illiberal ideas and incitements gathering steam under shelter of liberal basic-liberties guarantees. My questions here are whether the problem’s root in liberalism runs deeper than any ideology of a “private sphere,” and whether it is aggravated by a turn in John Rawls’s defense of liberal principles from a “comprehensive” to a “political” justificatory strategy. Published in International Journal of Constitutional Law (I-CON) 19, 22 (April 2021) 408-11.
The Regulation of the Issuance and Trading of Securities in the United States and the European Economic Community: A Comparison

This article will compare the two major United States (U.S.) securities law statutes and European Economic Community (EEC) Directives and Recommendations that regulate issuance and trading of corporate securities and certain activities of corporate issuers. In particular, it will discuss the philosophy upon which each system of regulation is based.
Fecal Incontinence: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Fecal incontinence is a debilitating condition affecting primarily the elderly. Many patients suffer in silence resulting in both underdiagnosis and undertreatment often culminating in an overall poor quality of life. We sought to review the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of fecal incontinence based on current literature. Additionally, newer treatment methods such as Solesta will be evaluated. There are many diagnostic modalities available to assess the degree and severity of the patient’s incontinence; however, a thorough history and physical exam is critical. Initial attempts at treatment focus on medical management primarily through stool texture modification with the aid of bulking agents. Failure of medical therapy is often followed by a graded increase in the complexity and invasiveness of the available treatment options. The selection of the most appropriate surgical option, such as overlapping sphincteroplasty and neuromodulation, is multifactorial involving both surgeon and patient-related factors. Neuromodulation has received increased attention in the last decade due to its documented therapeutic success, and newer office-based procedures, such as the Solesta injection, are showing promising results in properly selected patients. Finally, diversion remains an option for select patients who have failed all other therapies. The etiology of fecal incontinence is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay between stool consistency and anatomic integrity. The diagnosis and treatment of fecal incontinence continue to evolve and are showing promising results.
Robots in the classroom ... and the dorm room

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to argue that despite some disappointing results in using robots in the computer science classroom in the past, we should not yet conclude that robots do not belong there. Second, to present the results of a small pilot study comparing two approaches to teaching an introductory computer science class -- one traditional and one which used robots. While the study is not sufficiently controlled to be considered proof of success, initial results are compelling and support the need for further investigation.
Regulation of longevity by regulator of G-protein signaling protein, Loco

Summary Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins contribute to G-protein signaling pathways as activators or repressors with GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity. To characterize whether regulation of RGS proteins influences longevity in several species, we measured stress responses and lifespan of RGS-overexpressing and RGS-lacking mutants. Reduced expression of Loco, a RGS protein of Drosophila melanogaster, resulted in a longer lifespan for both male and female flies, also exhibiting stronger resistance to three different stressors (starvation, oxidation, and heat) and higher manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. In addition, this reduction in Loco expression increased fat content and diminished cAMP levels. In contrast, overexpression of both genomic and cDNA loco gene significantly shortened the lifespan with weaker stress resistance and lower fat content. Deletion analysis of the Loco demonstrated that its RGS domain is required for the regulation of longevity. Consistently, when expression of RGS14, mammalian homologue of Loco, was reduced in rat fibroblast cells, the resistance to oxidative stress increased with higher MnSOD expression. The changes of yeast Rgs2 expression, which shares a conserved RGS domain with the fly Loco protein, also altered lifespan and stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we provide the first evidence that RGS proteins with GAP activity affect both stress resistance and longevity in several species.
On-site adequacy evaluations performed by cytotechnologists: correlation with final interpretations of 5241 image-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies.

BACKGROUND: Practice patterns regarding on-site assessment of the adequacy of image-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) vary among laboratories, but in many laboratories primary responsibility rests with the cytotechnologists. On-site evaluation provides feedback on the need for additional passes and facilitates triaging of the specimen for time-sensitive ancillary studies. Prior studies have suggested that cytotechnologists can assess the initially obtained specimens correctly, but they are few in number and limited by small size. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency with which our cytotechnologists were able to correctly assess specimens as adequate using a large-scale database that included a wide range of image-guided FNABs. METHODS: The frequency that on-site adequacy assessments of 5241 image-guided FNABs were correct was determined by correlating the cytotechnologists' assessments of adequacy with the final cytologic interpretation. An adequacy assessment was considered correct if the FNAB was ultimately reported as satisfactory and unequivocally benign or malignant. An adequate reading on a case that was ultimately reported as unsatisfactory, atypical, or suspicious was deemed “incorrect.” The effect of imaging modality was also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 5241 FNABs, 2784 (53%) were interpreted as adequate on site. Of these, 2637 (95%) were correctly considered adequate. Of the common biopsy sites sampled, the adequacy assessments for liver FNABs demonstrated the highest frequency for being correctly considered adequate (97%) and those for kidney FNABs showed the lowest (90%). Imaging modality had no effect on accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Cytotechnologists are almost always correct when assessing initial FNAB samples as adequate. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Dicer and eIF2c are enriched at postsynaptic densities in adult mouse brain and are modified by neuronal activity in a calpain‐dependent manner

We have hypothesized that small RNAs may participate in learning and memory mechanisms. Because dendritic spines are important in synaptic plasticity and learning, we asked whether dicer, the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of small RNAs, is enriched within dendritic spines. In adult mouse brain, dicer and the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) component eIF2c were expressed in the somatodendritic compartment of principal neurons and some interneurons in many regions, and dicer was enriched in dendritic spines and postsynaptic densities (PSDs). A portion of dicer and eIF2c were associated with each other and with fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. Calpain I treatment of recombinant dicer or immunopurified brain dicer caused a marked increase in RNAse III activity. Purified PSDs did not exhibit RNAse III activity, but calpain caused release of dicer from PSDs in an enzymatically active form, together with eIF2c. NMDA stimulation of hippocampal slices, or calcium treatment of synaptoneurosomes, caused a 75 kDa dicer fragment to appear in a calpain-dependent manner. The findings support a model whereby acute neuronal stimulation at excitatory synapses increases intracellular calcium, which activates calpain, which liberates dicer and eIF2c bound to PSDs. This supports the hypothesis that dicer could be involved in synaptic plasticity.
Target tracking in uncertain Multipath Environment using distributed Angle-of-Arrival observation

This work considers the problem of target tracking in complex multipath environments using Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) observations produced by a multistatic passive radar array network. In the presence of uncertain multipath channel properties, Simultaneous Target and Multipath Positioning (STAMP) problem is formulated by jointly estimating the target state and multipath channel parameters. In this work, a single cluster process is formulated using a recursive Bayesian estimation framework, where the target state is defined as a parent process and the reflector state is defined as the daughter process. A multi-hypothesis data association method is used with Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filtering to improve the accuracy of the target state estimate. Simulation results for an indoor target positioning problem demonstrates substantial improvements in localization accuracy with this method.
Protein requirements of infants and children.

During the last 35 years there have been various published assessments of human protein needs, including those of infants and children. Most recently, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Ac
Area and energy-efficient crosstalk avoidance codes for on-chip buses

Capacitive crosstalk between adjacent wires in long on-chip buses significantly increases propagation delay in the deep submicron regime. A high-speed bus can be designed by eliminating crosstalk delay through bus encoding. In this paper, we present an overview of the existing coding schemes and show that they require either a large wiring overhead or complex encoder-decoder circuits. We propose a family of codes referred to as overlapping codes that reduce both overheads. We construct two codes from this family and demonstrate their superiority over existing schemes in terms of area and energy dissipation. Specifically, for a 1-cm 32-bit bus in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, we present a 48-wire solution that has 1.98/spl times/ speed-up, 10% energy savings and requires 20% less area than shielding.
Detection of the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (MAC) and its regulation by Bcl-2 family proteins.

Apoptosis is a phenomenon fundamental to higher eukaryotes that is integral to such diverse cellular processes as tissue homeostasis, organogenesis, and response to toxins. The release from mitochondria of apoptotic factors such as cytochrome c is a key step during apoptosis of most cells. Cytochrome c release occurs through the MAC (mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel), a pore which forms in the mitochondrial outer membrane during early apoptosis and is exquisitely regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. This unit presents basic and advanced tools for detecting MAC and defining its regulation by Bcl-2 family proteins and pharmacological agents. Protocols include the use of time-lapse video-microscopy to monitor the onset of apoptosis in living cells and patch-clamp techniques for mitochondria or proteoliposomes containing mitochondrial proteins, which allow direct detection of MAC. These approaches enable an evaluation of the role of MAC and mitochondria in apoptosis of a variety of cell types by many inducers. Keywords: MAC; mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel; apoptosis; patch-clamp; Bcl-2; Bax.
Japan's Network Economy: Structure, Persistence, and Change

List of figures List of tables Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The structural analysis of the network economy 2. The origins of Japanese network structures 3. The evolution of a corporate network: a longitudinal network analysis of 259 large firms 4. Exchange and control: explaining corporate ties: a longitudinal dyad analysis 5. Intervention and redistribution: how keiretsu networks shape corporate performance 6. Japan's next generation industrial architecture Bibliography Index.
Continuum modeling of two-phase flows

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses continuum modeling of two-phase flows. There are two distinct features of two-phase flow modeling: (1) the averaging process and (2) transition layers. The generic averaging process includes certain classical averages as special cases and gives the same results as these averages when applied to the equations of motion. A transition layer is a thin region where the concentration of one material changes rapidly in space. An example is the interface between a carbonated liquid and its foamy head. Transition layers are often observed in two-phase flows, and various models for them have been used. An averaging process assigns average values to certain variables. The ensemble, or set of possible outcomes, can be taken to be the possible flows in some apparatus where the initial and boundary conditions that are prescribed are equivalent in some sense.
Epitope mapping of the alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens.

Abstract A panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for the Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was produced by the fusion of X63.Ag8-653 cells with splenocytes from mice immunized either intrasplenically or intraperitoneally with an alpha-toxoid. The toxin-binding activity of each monoclonal antibody was evaluated. The monoclonal antibodies were also screened for their toxin-neutralizing potential in vitro, as determined by the inhibition of phospholipase C and hemolytic activities. In vivo inhibition of toxicity was assessed by the survival of mice challenged with preincubated alpha-toxin-antibody mixtures. Only one monoclonal antibody (3A4D10) was protective in vivo and neutralizing in both in vitro assays. Since 3A4D10 could inhibit both activities, the evidence suggests that these are colocated in the same area of the toxin molecule. This paper identifies a significant continuous linear binding region for 3A4D10 at positions 193 to 198 in the primary amino acid sequence of alpha-toxin.