cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of β-alanine supplementation on physical performance, cognition, endocrine function, and inflammation during a 24 h simulated military operation.

Sustained military operations (SUSOPs) are associated with performance decrements and cognitive dysfunction. β-Alanine (BA) supplementation may have a role in increasing soldier resiliency by enhancing muscle-buffering capacity and reducing oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BA on physical performance, cognition, endocrine function, and inflammation during a 24 h simulated SUSOP. Nineteen males were randomized into one of two groups: BA (n = 10) or placebo (n = 9; PLA) (12 g/day) for 14 days preceding the 24 h SUSOP. Assessments were performed at 0 h (0H), 12 h (12H), and 24 h (24H) during the SUSOP. No changes in visual tracking ability, jump power, or upper-body muscular endurance were observed between groups or time points (P's > 0.05). Increases in subjective feelings of soreness and fatigue were noted at 12H compared to 0H (P < 0.05) in PLA, but not in BA. Visual reaction time for PLA was slower at 24H compared to 0H (P = 0.035), and PLA made more errors on reaction time testing at 12H compared to BA (P = 0.048), but motor reaction time was faster (P = 0.016) for PLA. Simulated litter carry and 1 km run completion times increased at 24H compared to 0H in both groups (P < 0.05), however, PLA had a longer 1 km time compared to BA at 24H (P = 0.050). Increases in inflammatory and endocrine markers were observed over the SUSOP, with no differences between groups. BA supplementation appears to maintain some aspects of cognition and physical performance during a 24 h SUSOP, with no effects on endocrine function or inflammation.
What Patients Will Have an “Atypical” Presentation for Appendicitis? What Are Those Presentations?

Appendicitis presents with classic symptoms (migratory pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fever) only about half the time. Variable lie of the appendix can result in atypical symptoms, including diarrhea and dysuria, as different structures become inflamed. Patients with atypical anatomy, including pregnant patients, may develop pain in unusual locations, including the right upper quadrant. Pregnant patients may lack the classic pain presentation due to downregulation of pain receptors and increased distance between the appendix and parietal peritoneum. Pediatric patients may present with various nonspecific signs and symptoms, including irritability and hip pain/limping. Elderly patients present classically only a quarter of the time; they often present later in the disease process and more frequently present with perforation. Thus, they more frequently have generalized pain and/or peritoneal signs upon presentation. Pregnant patients and diabetics also present with perforation more frequently than the general population.
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Battery Energy Storage System with Combined Stationary and Mobile Applications

This paper proposes a novel design of battery energy storage systems accompanying wind farms in which the stored energy can be used for both stationary (e.g., arbitrage and reserve) and mobile (electric transportation) applications. While previous studies have been focused on stationary applications, this work envisions a future in which transportation is mostly electrically powered. Electric vehicles get refueled at charging stations that operate on batteries delivered by electric trucks from the wind farm energy storage systems. Based on the real-world scenario of the Chapman Ranch wind farm and related data from ERCOT, a battery dispatch model is developed and applied to cases with and without electric vehicle charging stations. The techno-economic analysis indicates that by combining the stationary and mobile applications, the energy storage system improves its profitability index or investment attractiveness. The results of this pilot study will have business and policy implications.
Detection and analysis of ion-acoustic waves in the ionosphere

Propagating acoustic-like disturbances generated by nuclear explosions have been observed to split in the lower ionosphere. The resulting two disturbances propagate vertically into the upper ionosphere at different speeds, the slower at ordinary sound speed in a neutral medium and the faster at almost twice the speed of sound.
Modeling and Steady-State Analysis of a Rotary Transformer-Based Field Excitation System for Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine

Wound rotor synchronous motors are gaining attention as an alternative to the permanent magnet-based synchronous motors for electric vehicle traction. Rotary transformers have been proposed for the field excitation of these motors to avoid the disadvantages of the slip rings and brushes arrangement. Conventional rotary transformers use small airgap and as a result can be limited in operating speed unless costly high precision manufacturing is used. This paper proposes a novel rotary transformer-based excitation system that overcomes these disadvantages. Modeling and analysis of the proposed system is provided. Simulation results using the developed model and PLECs shows very good agreement for fundamental frequency. Furthermore, a steady state study of the field excitation system using harmonic balance technique is carried out to show dependencies of the output controlled variables on the input variables in the presence of system parameter variations. With series resonant compensations, the open-loop control of the proposed excitation system is robust against variation of field winding resistance with temperature.
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive biliary tract cancer (BTC) that arises from the biliary tract epithelium distal to the secondary biliary radicals. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of ICC. Emerging data have highlighted the importance of lymphadenectomy for elucidating patient prognosis as well as the at-risk nodal basins based on tumor location (de Jong et al. in J Clin Oncol 29(23):3140-3145, 2011). Several large randomized controlled trials have recently been published clarifying the role of adjuvant therapy for BTCs (Cloyd and Pawlik in J Oncol Pract 14(12):723-724, 2018). In addition, the molecular understanding of ICC pathogenesis has increased over time, leading to new potential molecular biomarkers and opening opportunities for novel targeted and immunologic therapies (Rizvi et al. in Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15(2):95-111, 2018). These recent advances serve to only improve our understanding of the optimal multidisciplinary treatment of this difficult disease.
Blastic transformation of essential thrombocythemia: dual expression of myelomonoblastic/megakaryoblastic phenotypes.

Three patients developed blastic transformation of essential thrombocythemia (tET). Morphological studies in all patients showed that the majority of blasts had either myeloblastic or myelomonoblastic differentiation. Immunologic assays of hematopoietic cells were performed in two patients. In patient 1, 86% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (predominantly blasts) reacted with a monoclonal antibody specific for granulocytes and monocytes (MMA), and 15% of mononuclear cells reacted with Tab, a monoclonal antibody specific for megakaryocyte-platelet glycoproteins (PGP) IIb and IIIa. In patient 2, 41.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (predominantly blasts) were MMA-positive, 22.5% were Tab-positive, and 40% reacted with rabbit anti- human PGP. These results suggest either that two subpopulations of blast cells exist in tET, or that blast cells simultaneously express surface markers of myeloblastic/monoblastic and megakaryoblastic differentiation. In these three and in nine previously reported cases of tET, neither age, sex, nor previous therapy were obvious etiologic factors. tET occurred 24.2 +/- 14.4 mo after diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia, and a majority of patients had hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Leukemic cell morphology was myeloblastic and/or monoblastic in 12/12 patients, 5/12 had marrow fibrosis. Despite various treatments, death occurred in 3.6 +/- 2.7 mo; one patient had a brief complete remission.
Diabetes INSIDE: Improving Population HbA1c Testing and Targets in Primary Care With a Quality Initiative

OBJECTIVE To improve outcomes of patients with adult type 2 diabetes by decreasing HbA1c undertesting, reducing the proportion of patients with poor glycemic control, and lowering mean HbA1c levels using a quality improvement (QI) program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Six years of outpatient electronic health record (EHR) data were analyzed for care gaps before and 2 years after implementing a quality improvement (QI) initiative in an urban academic medical center. QI strategies included 1) individual provider and departmental outcome reports, 2) patient outreach programs to address timely follow-up care, 3) a patient awareness campaign to improve understanding of achieving clinical goals, 4) improving EHR data capture to improve population monitoring, and 5) professional education. RESULTS Analysis (January 2010 to May 2018) of 7,798 patients from Tulane Medical Center (mean age 61 years, 57% female, 62% black, 97% insured) with 136,004 visits showed target improvements. A Cox proportional hazards model controlling for age, sex, race, and HbA1c level showed a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c undertesting >6 months (hazard ratio 1.20 ± 0.07). Statistical process control charts showed 15.5% relative improvement in the patient proportion with HbA1c >9% (75 mmol/mol) from 13 to 11% (P CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary QI teams using EHR data to design interventions for providers and patients produced statistically significant improvements in both care process and clinical outcome goals.
Hydrogen Evolution by Ni2P Catalysts Derived from Phosphine MOFs

Strategies to improve the catalytic efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), an integral electrochemical reaction in solar-to-hydrogen technologies, frequently include the use of porous...
Crystal structures and rotational dynamics of a two-dimensional metal halide perovskite (OA)2PbI4.

The extended charge carrier lifetime in metal halide perovskites is responsible for their excellent optoelectronic properties. Recent studies indicate that the superb device performance in these materials is intimately related to the organic cation dynamics. Here, we focus on the investigation of the two-dimensional hybrid perovskite, (C8H17NH3)2PbI4 (henceforth, OA+ = C8H17NH3+). Using elastic and quasielastic neutron scattering techniques and group theoretical analysis, we studied the structural phase transitions and rotational modes of the C8H17NH3+ cation in (OA)2PbI4. Our results show that, in the high-temperature orthorhombic (T > 310 K) phase, the OA+ cation exhibits a combination of a twofold rotation of the NH3–CH2 head group about the crystal c-axis with a characteristic relaxation time of ∼6.2 ps, threefold rotations (C3) of NH3 and CH3 terminal groups, and slow librations of the other atoms. Contrastingly, only the C3 rotation is present in the intermediate-temperature orthorhombic (238 K < T < 310 K) and low-temperature monoclinic (T < 238 K) phases.
Shallow snow depth mapping with unmanned aerial systems lidar observations: A case study in Durham, New Hampshire, United States

Abstract. Shallow snowpack conditions, which occur throughout the year in many regions as well as during accumulation and ablation periods in all regions, are important in water resources, agriculture, ecosystems, and winter recreation. Terrestrial and airborne (manned and unmanned) laser scanning and structure from motion (SfM) techniques have emerged as viable methods to map snow depths. Lidar on an unmanned aerial vehicle is also a potential method to observe field and slope scale variations of shallow snowpacks. This paper describes an unmanned aerial lidar system, which uses commercially available components, for snow depth mapping on the landscape scale. The system was assessed in a mixed deciduous and coniferous forest and open field for a shallow snowpack (
Minor sex trafficking of girls with disabilities

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the associations between minor women’ (girls’) disability status and victimization via minor sex trafficking.,This investigation used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a large, nationally-representative sample of in-school adolescents in the USA that began in 1994. The analysis included bivariate associations between physical disability status or low cognitive ability and minor sex trafficking among female survey respondents (n = 5,430).,Girls with any disability had a higher prevalence of minor sex trafficking than their peers without disabilities. Odds of minor sex trafficking were significantly higher for those with severe physical disabilities (5.83) and for those with low cognitive abilities (4.86) compared to the odds of their peers without their respective disabilities. Results for girls with mild or moderate physical disabilities were not statistically significant compared to peers without disabilities.,These nationally-representative survey data reinforce the trends present in smaller populations and case study research: female adolescents with disabilities are at a heightened risk for sex trafficking. On both a national and global scale, the human rights gaps in policy and practice must be addressed to adequately reach, intervene and protect this vulnerable population.,Research about minor sex trafficking typically relies on small-scale surveys and/or convenience samples. This study used a nationally-representative survey to demonstrate the link between disability status and women’s experiences with minor sex trafficking.
A Three-Phase PM Generator with Double Rotors for Low-Head Hydropower – Trial Structure and Basic Characteristics

This paper presents a three-phase synchronous generator that has double rotors for low-head hydropower generation. The prototype generator was made for testing and basic characteristics were varied. The generator consisted of an armature coil rotor and a field permanent magnet rotor. The test machine with the prototype generator had two AC driver motors, the direction of the AC motors was regulated by a controller. The armature coil rotor and the field permanent magnet rotor were rotated opposite to each other, and the mechanical loss of the prototype generator was measured. The prototype generator characteristics were verified by the tests. In this test, the measured generation power value was over 50W with a rotor speed of $500min^{-1}$.
Significance of senlm B lymphocyte stimulator levels in patients with HCV

Objectives To investigate the significance of serum BlyS level in HCV infected patients.Method Serum BlyS levels among 58 HCV infected patients were assayed with ELISA method,and compared with healthy control group(35 individuals).The relationship between serum Blys levels and general clinical data(RF,ALT,HCV-RNA,IgG,IgA,IgM,HA,C-Ⅳ,PCⅢ,LN)were analyzed.Resuits:Mean serum BlyS Was increased in patients with HCV infection(4.7±1.1)ng/ml compared with that(31 ±0.67)ns/ml in healthy controls(P＜0.01).BlyS levels were increased in HCV patients with positive RF compared with those with negative BF(5.4±0.98)ng/ml vs(4.4±1.0)ng/ml(P＜0.01).The senlm level of BlyS was found to be correlated with HA,C-Ⅳ,PC Ⅲ,LN rather than ALT,HCV-RNA,IgG,IgA and IgM.Conclusion BlyS may play a role in HCV associated autoimmtmity and liver cirrhosis. Key words: Hepatits C,chronic; B-lymphocytes; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Gene expression
Adeno-Associated Virus-Induced Dorsal Root Ganglion Pathology.

The administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to nonhuman primates (NHP) via the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can lead to dorsal root ganglion (DRG) pathology. The pathology is m...
The Revival of Respondeat Superior and Expansion of Gatekeeper Liability

In an era of servants and masters, respondent superior emerged to hold the powerful accountable for the acts of those they control. That doctrine’s significance has only grown in an economy driven by large corporations that rely heavily on legions of subsidiaries and independent contractors, such as banks deploying independent call centers, oil companies using drilling contractors, and tech platforms connecting consumers to app developers. It is widely believed that firms can avoid third- party liability for many laws by outsourcing or creating subsidiaries. This Article shows that common narratives of the demise of third-party liability are incomplete. Respondent superior is alive and well. Moreover, in environmental, employment, consumer protection, discrimination, and other areas, the law requires large companies to act as gatekeepers by regulating third parties. The task ahead is to understand and reinforce liability’s ongoing adaptation to a financially and digitally intermediated world. Updating courts’ analytic tools to include economics and network theory would more accurately measure power compared to the current, intuitive approach. Moreover, courts should view pervasive technologies of control — most importantly surveillance tools and online platforms — as stronger evidence of liability. The revival has the potential to restructure corporations, markets, and society in a beneficial manner by bringing harmful activities, as a matter of law, back within the fold of the firm.
Improving Patient Outreach by Defining Telehealth Suitability in a Tertiary Huntington's Disease Clinic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for remote healthcare options among patients with Huntington's disease (HD). However, since not every HD patient is suitable for telehealth, it is important to differentiate who can be seen virtually from who should remain as in-person. Unfortunately, there are no clinical guidelines on how to evaluate HD patients for telehealth eligibility. OBJECTIVE: To standardize the teleneurology selection process in HD by implementing a screening tool that accounts for patient-specific factors. METHODS: We organized various indications and contraindications to teleneurology into a flowchart. If any indications or contraindications were met, patients were assigned to telehealth or maintained as in-person, respectively. If no indications or contraindications were met, patients were given the option of telehealth or in-person for their upcoming appointments. In two implementation cycles, we tested this screening tool among all HD patients scheduled for clinic visits, aided by chart review and phone interview. RESULTS: In a cohort of 81 patients, telehealth acceptance among eligible patients increased from 45.0%to 83.3%. Frequency of telehealth visits increased from a pre-intervention baseline of 12.8%to 28.2%. CONCLUSION: Teleneurology utilization among HD patients more than doubled across our study. Our intervention promotes consistency and patient-centeredness in HD clinical care and streamlines the overall telehealth selection process. Future studies can seek to reduce telehealth no-shows and also evaluate the utility of the motor and psychiatric criteria included in our screening tool.
Stress and Cocaine Trigger Divergent and Cell Type-Specific Regulation of Synaptic Transmission at Single Spines in Nucleus Accumbens.

Abstract Background Repeated exposure to cocaine or social stress leads to lasting structural and functional synaptic alterations in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of nucleus accumbens (NAc). Although cocaine-induced and stress-induced structural changes in dendritic spines have been well documented, few studies have investigated functional consequences of cocaine and stress at the level of single spines. Methods We exposed mice to chronic cocaine or chronic social defeat stress and used two-photon laser scanning microscopy with glutamate photo-uncaging and whole-cell recording to examine synaptic strength at individual spines on two distinct types of NAc MSNs in acute slices after 24 hours of cocaine withdrawal and after chronic social defeat stress. Results In animals treated with cocaine, average synaptic strength was reduced specifically at large mushroom spines of MSNs expressing dopamine receptor type 1 (D1-MSNs). In contrast, cocaine promoted a rightward shift in the distribution of synaptic weights toward larger synaptic responses in MSNs expressing dopamine receptor type 2 (D2-MSNs). After chronic social defeat stress, resilient animals displayed an upregulation of synaptic strength at large mushroom spines of D1-MSNs and a concomitant downregulation in D2-MSNs. Although susceptible mice did not exhibit a significant overall change in synaptic strength on D1-MSNs or D2-MSNs, we observed a slight leftward shift in cumulative distribution of large synaptic responses in both cell types. Conclusions This study provides the first functional cell type–specific and spine type–specific comparison of synaptic strength at a single spine level between cocaine-induced and stress-induced neuroadaptations and demonstrates that psychoactive drugs and stress trigger divergent changes in synaptic function in NAc.
Campylobacter coli naturally resistant to elevated levels of gentamicin as a marker strain in poultry research.

Campylobacter inoculation studies are limited without a suitable marker strain. The purpose of this study was to screen Campylobacter strains (n = 2,073) obtained from poultry carcass rinses through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Antimicrobial Resistant Monitoring System for resistance to gentamicin and evaluate one strain's efficacy as a marker. A C. coli strain was found resistant to gentamicin at >32 μg/ml. Gentamicin was incorporated into media (Campy-Cefex agar, Brucella agar, and blood agar) from 0 to 1,000 μg/ml, and the upper level of gentamicin resistance was determined. C. coli strain's upper level of growth on Campy-Cefex plates, blood agar plates, and Brucella agar plates was 400, 300, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. Ceca and postpick carcass rinses were obtained and streaked onto Campy-Cefex agar at the above gentamicin levels to evaluate background microflora exclusion. Campy-Cefex agar containing gentamicin at 100 μg/ml prevented from the ceca, and reduced from the r...
The Effect Of Economic Freedom On Migration Flows Between U.S. States: Is Economic Freedom A Determinant Of Flow Differentials?

Utilizing data from the U.S. Census survey (2000) and the North American Economic Freedom Index (Karebegovic, McMahon, and Samida, 2004), this study evaluates the outcome of economic freedom on gross migration flows within the United States. The estimation process is to use a gravity model. Since longitudinal data is not available, regressions are run on a cross section of data drawn from the survey of 2000. In addition to ordinary least squares estimates, various models of spatial dependency are employed to improve estimation of coefficients and hypothesis results. It is determined that greater economic freedom positively impacts migration between states. Further, it is discovered that a general autoregressive spatial model (GSAR) performs the best out of the selected models and augments the impact of economic freedom on migration.
Stigler, George Joseph (1911–91)

Abstract George Stigler, a key member of the ‘Chicago School’ of economic thought, made major contributions to the history of thought, price theory, economics of information, organization of industry, and the theory of economic regulation. He taught at Iowa State University, the University of Minnesota, Brown University, Columbia University, and the University of Chicago, where he also served as editor of the Journal of Political Economy. He was President of the American Economic Association in 1964, and of the History of Economics Society in 1977. He received the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1982.
The antigenic structure of psittacosis and feline pneumonitis viruses. II. Chemical nature of the alkali-soluble antigens.

Abstract Lecithin, protein, and nucleic acid have been identified in the psittacosis and feline pneumonitis virus alkali-soluble fractions containing both group and specific complement-fixing activity. The components were identified by ultraviolet absorption studies, chromatographic analysis, and enzymatic techniques. These data and other considerations suggest that both the group and specific serological activity reside in a lecithin-nucleoprotein complex.
News Startups as Agents of Innovation: For-profit digital news startup manifestos as metajournalistic discourse

For-profit digital news startups backed by large investors, venture capital, and technology entrepreneurs have taken on an increasingly significant role in the journalism industry. This article examines 10 startups by focusing on the manifestos these new organizations offer when they introduce themselves to the public. These manifestos are an example of metajournalistic discourse, or interpretive discourse about journalism, that publicly define how journalism is changing—or is not. In identifying and touting the superiority of their technological innovations, the manifestos simultaneously affirm and critique existing journalistic practices while rethinking longstanding boundaries between journalism and technology.
Predicted versus measured thoracic gas volumes of collegiate athletes made by the BOD POD air displacement plethysmography system

Measured (TGVm) and predicted (TGVp) thoracic gas volumes from the BOD POD were compared in 33 lean, university athletes. On average, TGVp (3.529 L) was not significantly different (p = 0.343) from...
Case-Control Studies With Errors in Covariates

We devise methods for estimating the parameters of a prospective logistic model with dichotomous response D and arbitrary covariates X from case-control data when these covariates are measured with error. We suppose that some fraction of the cases and controls provide only the error-prone covariate measurements, W (the “incomplete” or “reduced” data), whereas some of the cases and controls provide measurements on X and W (the “complete” data). We assume a measurement error density with a finite set of parameters α, namely fw|xD(w|x, d, α), and nondifferential error is treated as a special case of this model, fw|x(w|X, α). Our algorithm estimates both the logistic parameters and α from a pseudolikelihood. Because empirical distribution functions are used in place of needed distributions in the pseudolikelihoods, the required asymptotic theory is more elaborate than for pseudolikelihoods based on substitution for a finite number of nuisance parameters. We also examine computationally simpler methods under t...
Theta Series of Ternary and Quaternary Quadratic Forms.

In the theory of integral quadratic forms or in the allied subject of modular forms very little seems to be known about the linear independence of theta series associated to positive definite forms. For a system of inequivalent positive binary quadratic forms with a fixed fundamental discriminant, Hecke [4-1 showed that their theta series are independent. However, for positive forms in three or more variables, even in a fixed genus, there does not appear to be any non-trivial general result of a similar nature in that certain explicitly described forms in the genus yield linearly independent theta series. We consider here even positive definite ternary quadratic forms of discriminant 2p and quaternary quadratic forms of discriminant p where p is a prime congruent to 1 mod4. For a fixed such p these forms belong to a single genus G'.=G(3,2p), resp. G(4,p). Let G' denote the subset consisting of those forms in G which represent 2. In [6] Kitaoka observed that the number of form-classes in G'(4, p)
The role of radiation therapy in resectable retroperitoneal sarcomas.

A 29 year old female presented to her primary care physician soon after she noted a palpable mass in her left lower abdomen. She was otherwise asymptomatic. An abdominal and pelvic CT revealed a 12]10]9 cm heterogenous mass arising from the psoas and extending into the pelvis (Fig. 1a). There was no evidence of ureteral or bowel obstruction. Chest CT revealed no evidence of metastases. She had no other signi"cant medical or surgical history. Exploratory laparotomy with complete gross total excision was performed. The mass was noted to be adherent to the ureter and iliac vessels. A section of the external iliac artery was resected with the mass, and repaired with an interposition graft. Surgical clips were placed to identify regions of tumor adherence. Pathological evaluation revealed a grade III liposarcoma, with close margins in several locations along the posterior aspect of the mass. She recovered from surgery without signi"cant di$culty. Adjuvant radiotherapy was recommended and she agreed to proceed. A treatment planning CT was obtained with the patient immobilized in a prone alpha cradle with a false table top (belly board) to allow displacement of the bowel [1]. A region along the psoas and iliac vessels was identi"ed, in collaboration with the surgical oncologist, that was felt to be at highest risk for local recurrence. Three dimensional treatment planning was utilized to develop a 6 "eld plan of axial beams that localized dose to the region identi"ed (Fig. 1b and c). A total dose of 54Gy was delivered in 1.8Gy fractions. She experienced occasional diarrhea and mild nausea, but no other signi"cant acute toxicity. Treatment was completed in 7/98. She remains without evidence of local recurrence or late toxicity. She is without evidence of distant metastases as well.
The effect of B-C presentation and anticipation interval on mediated transfer

This study used dominance concepts in a B-C, A-B, A-C mediation paradigm. B-C presentation resulted in significant positive transfer and in a trend toward negative transfer in a Re-paired condition. An A-C matching task showed the same general effects as A-C learning. Increasing the anticipation interval on the A-C list from 2 to 4 sec tended to facilitate performance in both the positive and negative transfer conditions but had very little effect on the control condition.
Spectrophotometric determination of molar amounts of glycosphingolipids and ceramide by hydrolysis and reaction with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.

Three spectrophotometric procedures for determination of chromatographically separated glycosphingolipids (cerebroside, sulfatide, ganglioside) are described and compared. Hydrolysis to release long chain base followed by reaction of the amino group with trinitrobenezene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and measurement at 340 mμ was shown to give values in good agreement with those obtained by reaction of the carbohydrate moiety with α-naphthol or anthrone and measurement at 550 and 625 mμ respectively. The TNBS method is also applicable to ceramide.
Differential equations for semiclassical and quantum densities.

Partial differential equations are derived for the densities of the grand canonical ensemble. By using an expansion in Planck's constant, semiclassical solutions are obtained for the phase space distributions. Integration of these solutions over all values of momenta gives the Wigner-Kirkwood densities derived previously with a convolution method and used extensively to study hot nuclei.
Use of student-centred, computer-mediated communication to enhance the medical school curriculum.

Objectives While it is clear that computers will play animportant role in the study and practice of medicinetheir introduction into the curriculum remains contro-versial. Computer purchase has been made compulsoryfor incoming students.Design Members of the incoming class were allowed topurchase any computer and modem capable of usingthe communication program chosen by the school. Noformal computer training was given. Students wereencouraged to call for assistance or bring in theircomputers for conﬁguration. The primary object of thesystem was for communication between the studentsand between students and faculty.Setting The School of Medicine of the University ofNew Mexico.Subjects First-year medical students.Results The vast majority of students set up theircomputers and connected to the system with little as-sistance. At the end of the ﬁrst week of studies all thestudents were connected. Most of the students used thesystem on a daily basis. The greatest interest was indiscussions concerning examinations with 93% of stu-dents reading these postings. The least-used aspect ofthe system was the exchange of learning issues fromsmall group case discussions. Students also download-ed the curricular material provided but were discrimi-nating in accessing this content.Conclusions The student use of the computer as acommunication tool has been a success. Students usedthe system in a variety of ways and by so doing alsolearned the basics of computer use and maintenance.The area of faculty training is often ignored but isconsidered crucial to the success of such a project.Keywords *Computer-assisted instruction; *computercommunication networks; curriculum; education,medical undergraduate, *methods; software; UnitedStates.Medical Education 1999;33:757–761
Cyclic Deformation-Induced Solute Transport in Tissue Scaffolds with Computer Designed, Interconnected, Pore Networks: Experiments and Simulations

Nutrient supply and waste removal in porous tissue engineering scaffolds decrease from the periphery to the center, leading to limited depth of ingrowth of new tissue into the scaffold. However, as many tissues experience cyclic physiological strains, this may provide a mechanism to enhance solute transport in vivo before vascularization of the scaffold. The hypothesis of this study was that pore cross-sectional geometry and interconnectivity are of major importance for the effectiveness of cyclic deformation-induced solute transport. Transparent elastic polyurethane scaffolds, with computer-programmed design of pore networks in the form of interconnected channels, were fabricated using a 3D printing and injection molding technique. The scaffold pores were loaded with a colored tracer for optical contrast, cyclically compressed with deformations of 10 and 15% of the original undeformed height at 1.0 Hz. Digital imaging was used to quantify the spatial distribution of the tracer concentration within the pores. Numerical simulations of a fluid-structure interaction model of deformation-induced solute transport were compared to the experimental data. The results of experiments and modeling agreed well and showed that pore interconnectivity heavily influences deformation-induced solute transport. Pore cross-sectional geometry appears to be of less relative importance in interconnected pore networks. Validated computer models of solute transport can be used to design optimal scaffold pore geometries that will enhance the convective transport of nutrients inside the scaffold and the removal of waste, thus improving the cell survivability deep inside the scaffold.
A case for examining pre-service teacher preparation for inquiry teaching science with technology

Inquiry has been the framework for guiding reform-based science instruction. All too often, the role of technology is treated tacitly without contributions to this framework. This case study examines a collection of pre-service teachers enrolling in two educational technology courses and the role these experiences play in promoting inquiry teaching. Interviews, field notes, surveys, reflective digital narratives and student-generated exhibits served as the data informing the analysis of inquiry experiences which shaped the enacted lessons of science teachers. Implications for research and practices are discussed. Keywords: teacher reflection; science education; technology Citation : Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22 : 21691 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.21691
Effects of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the corneal endothelium 3 years postoperatively.

Abstract PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the corneal endothelium 3 years postoperatively. METHODS: Patients who were subjects of a previous prospective study (Am J Ophthalmol 125:465–471, (April) 1998) were contacted for a follow-up analysis of the central corneal endothelium. Noncontact specular microscopy was performed 35 to 37 months after LASIK on 52 eyes of 27 patients of the original cohort of 98 eyes of 65 patients and six eyes of three patients who were previously lost to follow-up after their initial post-LASIK evaluation. Patient age ranged from 29 to 66 years at the time of the original LASIK procedure. Attempted corrections ranged from 2.25 to 14.5 diopters of myopia, giving theoretical ablation depths of 182 to 332 μm below the corneal surface. Forty-eight eyes (83%) had a history of preoperative contact lens use (3 to 33 years). Central endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation of cell size, and percent of hexagonal cells were analyzed using 72 to 152 cells from each image. Multivariate analysis was used to search for factors that might predict changes in cell density, coefficient of variation, and percent of hexagonal cells. RESULTS: The mean ± SD preoperative cell density was 2,498 ± 354 cells per mm 2 , the mean coefficient of variation was 0.36 ± 0.07, and the percent of hexagonal cells was 58 ± 6. Three years after surgery there was no statistically significant change in the mean endothelial cell density (2,489 ± 335 cells per mm 2 ; P = 0.88, paired t test) or the percent of hexagonal cells (60 ± 7; P = 0.14, paired t test). The mean coefficient of variation was significantly lower postoperatively (0.32 ± 0.04; P = 0.0006, paired t test); a repeated measures analysis showed that this significant improvement could not be explained by cessation of contact lens wear after LASIK ( P = 0.34). Multivariate analysis did not identify any factors that were predictive of change in cell density, coefficient of variation, and percent of hexagonal cells. CONCLUSIONS: Laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of 2.25 to 14.5 diopters of myopia had no significant effect on central corneal endothelial cell density or the percent of hexagonal cells 3 years after surgery. The coefficient of variation of cell size improved significantly 3 years after surgery.
Changes in multiple opioid receptors in regions of the brain in rats treated chronically with thyroxine.

Abstract The effect of the administration of thyroxine (T 4 ) (1 mg/kg, s.c.), to male Sprague-Dawley rats on alternate days for 18 days, on the binding of opioid ligands, [ 3 H]Tyr- d -Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol (DAGO, mu receptors), [ 3 H]Tyr- d -Ser-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr (DSTLE, delta receptors) and [ 3 H]ethylketocyclazocine (EKC, kappa receptors) to membranes of regions of the brain was determined. The chronic administration of thyroxine to rats decreased their rate of gain of body weight, increased colonic temperature and increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate, in comparison to vehicle-injected rats. The administration of thyroxine also increased the serum concentration of triiodothyronine (total T3) and thyroxine, when compared to vehicle-injected rats. The binding of [ 3 H]DAGO to membranes of the striatum of rats treated with thyroxine was greater than in vehicle-treated rats; however, the binding to membranes of pons and medulla, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain and cortex in the two treatment groups did not differ. The increased binding of [ 3 H]DAGO in rats treated with thyroxine was due to an increase in the B max value. The binding of [ 3 H]DSTLE in the midbrain, hypothalamus, pons and medulla and striatum of rat treated with thyroxine and vehicle-injected rats did not differ but it was significantly less in the amygdala of rats injected with thyroxine than in vehicle-injected rats. The decreased binding in the amygdala was due to changes in the K d value of [ 3 H]DSTLE. The binding of [ 3 H]EKC to membranes of the striatum of rats injected with thyroxine was significantly greater than in vehicle-injected rats, but the binding to membranes of the hypothalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla, amygdala and cortex of the two treatment groups did not differ. The increased binding to membranes of the striatum was due to increases in the B max value of [ 3 H]EKC. The results indicate that in the thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid state, mu and kappa opioid receptors in the striatum were up-regulated and delta receptors in the amygdala were down-regulated.
An exploratory study of infant problem solving in natural environments

Abstract This study was designed to apply Charlesworth's ethological approach to the study of problem solving to infant behavior. A problem is defined as a block or interruption in ongoing activity that requires adaptation rather than a habitual, reflexive response. Approximately 75 hours of observations were narratively recorded from the behavior of four infants, 4–18 months of age, in and around their homes. From these observations, 1274 problems were identified and categorized using Charlesworth's schema. The results of the observations indicated that infants encountered 0.299 problems per minute on the average (range, 0.266–0.409). Most blocks were physical (30%) or social (50%), as were the infants' responses to the blocks. About two thirds of the blocks were removed and almost all were removed by the child by direct action or by compliance with a social demand. Original ongoing behavior was resumed only 25% of the time. Infants encountered increasingly more social blocks and fewer physical blocks with age. They were increasingly likely with age to remove blocks themselves. Context effects on infant problem solving (adult presence, time of day, location) were few. The results are discussed in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of this approach in studying infant adaptation.
Implementing flexible automation: a multiple criteria decision making approach

This paper presents a multiple objective mixed integer linear programming model for the multiperiod flexible automation selection problem. The model includes five objectives, designed to address financial aspects, flexibility, firm disruption, and group homogeneity of new modules. The proposed model incorporates several types of flexibility. An interactive multiple criteria solution procedure is used to obtain an approximate optimal solution, based on a decision maker's implicit and unknown value function. The solution provides schedule for replacement of current machines, implementation of new modules, and production plans capitalizing on flexibility during transition and subsequent periods. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the approach. The optimal solution is then contrasted with that of a single-objective model.
The reaction of β-propiolactone with derivatives of adenine and with DNA

The reaction of deoxyadenosine with beta-propiolactone produces two derivatives. One is 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (CEdA) first described by Mate, et al. The proposed structure for the other is 3-(beta-D-2-deoxyribosyl)-7,8-dihydropyrimido-[2,l-i]purine-9-one (dDPP). Spectral characteristics of both compounds are presented. These include u.v. spectra of each in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions, i.r. spectra, fluorescence spectra, and n.m.r. spectra. The extinction coefficient for CEdA is 12,900 M--1cm--1 at 258 nm and that for dDPP is 12,400 M--1cm--1 at 305 nm. The dDPP can be converted to CEdA by mild acid hydrolysis, and the CEdA can be converted to dDPP by reaction with a carbodiimide derivative. When poly A was reacted with beta-propiolactone, the yield of dDPP in the polymer was 7-9%. When double-stranded DNA was alkylated by [3H]beta-propiolactone at relatively high concentrations and then acid hydrolyzed to separate 1-(2-carboxyethyl)adenine (CEA) and 7-(2-carboxyethyl)guanine (CEG), a CEA to CEG ratio of up to 0.62 was obtained. With relatively low concentrations of [3H]beta-propiolactone, the yield of CEA was low with double-stranded DNA but was 5--6 fold greater with single-stranded DNA.
Sociological determinants of drug utilization in a university hospital

Abstract Using records as a data source the mean number of drugs and of administrations per day on a medical service in a university hospital were found to be curiously constant, although the ranges were great. Both numbers of drugs and administrations per day increased with long hospitalization. There were no differences between private and public services although death rates indicated that the public patients were considerably ‘sicker.’ Diagnostic categories appeared to play little role. The drugs administered were divided almost equally into specifics and supportives. The use of supportive drugs on the medical services appeared to vary little by diagnosis but did vary by sex and socio-economic status, the female on the ward service using the fewest. The obstetrical ward service patient who delivered vaginally also used far fewer post-partum analgesics and narcotics than did the private patient. In surgical situations (Caesarean section, cholecystectomy) there was no significant difference between private and ward service women in this regard. Within the ward service group, however, the Negro patient received more postoperative analgesics for a longer period of time than did her white counterparts. This was not true in another hospital where all personnel were Negro. It would appear from these preliminary studies that observations on the use of drugs may be a fruitful method in the study of the extent of and response to anxiety and pain evoked in different socioligical groups under differing hospital circumstances.
Quantum detection of signals in the presence of noise

A new technique for evaluating the performance of quantum signals observed in the presence noise is described and evaluated. The quantum theory for detecting coherent-state signals has been developed previously, however the quantum "signal plus noise" problem has received little attention due to its complexity. Here we develop a discrete approximation to the coherent-state representation of signal-plus-noise density operators, and present solutions to optimum receiver performance in terms of quantum "measurement states" whose performance is optimized via generalized rotations in Hilbert space. An efficient algorithm for carrying out the required numerical optimization is described and applied to binary signals observed in the presence of noise, for which exact results are available for comparison. The algorithm is then applied to the detection of ternary signals observed in the presence of noise, a previously unsolved problem, and the performance of the optimum receiver characterized.