cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived subjective versus objective knowledge: Consumer valuation of genetically modified certification on food producing plants

Previous research has identified subjective and objective knowledge as determinants of consumers' acceptance of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in the medical and food industries. In contrast to a large body of literature on the effects of attitudes or knowledge on food preferences, the extent to which consumers' knowledge affects their valuation of non-GMO food producing plants (i.e., plants grown for food or ornamental purposes) is less understood. This manuscript investigates the relationship between consumers' knowledge of relevant non-GMO certification programs and their acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for non-GMO plants. The first study used an Internet respondent panel and choice experiment, while the second study utilized an in-person experimental auction. In line with previously reported low public acceptance of genetically modified food products, respondents were receptive of and willing to pay premiums for non-GMO food producing plants. This study found that subjective and objective knowledge impacted the premiums for non-GMO labels, with the high subjective and low objective knowledge group generating the highest WTP. Low subjective and low objective knowledge resulted in the lowest WTP. Findings suggest a disconnect between subjective and objective knowledge of non-GMO certification programs, which in turn influences consumer valuation of those products.
Formation of a barrier island breach and its contributions to lagoonal circulation

Abstract Barrier islands are a primary coastal defense and often experience erosion during storms. When they fail due to storm-induced breaching, there can be significant changes to the small- and large-scale hydrodynamics and morphodynamics of the region. In this study, we explore the formation of a breach on Hatteras Island, North Carolina, during Isabel (2003) and the subsequent flooding into Pamlico Sound. Two-way coupling of high-fidelity, high-resolution numerical models for coastal erosion and flooding enables a better understanding of the formation of the breach, as well as scenarios of the breach’s effects on the circulation in the region. The breach connecting the ocean to the sound formed during the day of landfall. It is shown that, during the storm, overwash and inundation from the ocean led to deterioration of the beach and dunes, and then after the storm, the creation of channels through the island was sensitive to elevated water levels in the lagoon. Then flooding scenarios are considered in which the ground surface of the hydrodynamic model was (a) static, updated with the (b) pre- and post-storm observations, and updated dynamically with (c) erosion model predictions and (d) erosion model predictions with elevated lagoon-side water levels. The model results show that the breach has region-scale effects on flooding that extend 10 to 13 km into the lagoon, increasing the local water levels by as much as 1 . 5 m . These results have implications for similar island-lagoon systems threatened by storms.
Diagnosing and Monitoring Lupus

Making the diagnosis of lupus can be challenging. Patients with SLE are subject to a myriad of symptoms, complaints, as well as inflammation that can affect virtually every organ. The most common pattern is a mixture of constitutional complaints with skin, musculoskeletal, hematologic, and serologic involvement (show Table 3.1). However, some patients have predominately hematologic, renal, cardiopulmonary, or central nervous system manifestations. The pattern that dominates during the first few years of illness tends to prevail subsequently.
Self-Organizing Subsets: From Each According to His Abilities, to Each According to His Needs

The key principles behind current peer-to-peer research include fully distributing service functionality among all nodes participating in the system and routing individual requests based on a small amount of locally maintained state. The goals extend much further than just improving raw system performance: such systems must survive massive concurrent failures, denial of service attacks, etc. These efforts are uncovering fundamental issues in the design and deployment of distributed services. However, the work ignores a number of practical issues with the deployment of general peer-to-peer systems, including i) the overhead of maintaining consistency among peers replicating mutable data and ii) the resource waste incurred by the replication necessary to counteract the loss in locality that results from random content distribution.We argue that the key challenge in peer-to-peer research is not to distribute service functions among all participants, but rather to distribute functions to meet target levels of availability, survivability, and performance. In many cases, only a subset of participating hosts should take on server roles. The benefit of peer-to-peer architectures then comes from massive diversity rather than massive decentralization: with high probability, there is always some node available to provide the required functionality should the need arise.
PRE-COORDINATION + POST-COORDINATION = THE CASE FOR PARTIAL COORDINATION

The introduction of computerized post-coordination has solvedmany of the problems of pre-coordinated subject access. However, theadoption of computerized post-coordination results in the loss of some precoordinationbenefits. Specifically, the effect of hiding terms within thecontext of others is lost in post-coordination which gives lead status to everydocument term, This results in spurious matches of terms out of context.Library patrons and Internet searchers are increasingly dissatisfied withsubject access performance, in part because of unmanageably large retrievalsets. The need to enhance precision and limit the size of retrieval setsmotivates this work which proposes partial coordination, an approach whichincorporates the advantages of computer search with the ability of precoordinationto limit spurious partial matches and thereby enhance precision.
Fluorescent activated cell sorting to isolate canine microvascular endothelial cells from adipose tissue

Adipose tissue offers an abundant source for isolation of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). Several cell types result from the enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue, including MVECs, mesothelial cells and fibroblasts. Pure populations of MVECs must be isolated from the mixed cultures or fibroblasts overgrow the population. Canine subcutaneous or mesenteric fat is obtained during elective surgical procedures and digested with collagenase. Microvascular endothelial cells are separated from capillary fragments by Percoll gradient centrifugation and plated in culture. At confluence, microscopic identification of most cultured cells indicate the typical cobblestone morphology of ECs, while other spindle shaped cells resemble fibroblasts. Micro- vascular endothelial cells are identified by their uptake of acetylated-low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL). Mesothelial cells, which closely resemble MVECs in morphology, and fibroblasts are removed from cultures of MVECs using a fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS). Acetylated-low density lipoprotein tagged with a fluorescent probe, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl- indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), is incubated with the mixed cultures and the cells are sorted using a FACS. The pure populations of MVECs that result are tested immunocytochemically and are identified by their positive staining with antibodies against factor VIII related antigen. Mesothelial cells are identified by positive staining for cytokeratin 18 antibody. Contaminating fibroblasts show negative staining for smooth muscle alpha actin, cytokeratin 18 and factor VIII related antigen antibodies. This study examines the efficiency of the fluorescent activated cell sorter to obtain pure populations of MVECs harvested from adipose tissue.
The physical development of the premature infant

Summary Some standards of physical development in the first year of life (at birth, 13, 26, 39, and 52 weeks) are presented for 3 birth weight groups of premature infants—0 to 2.9 pounds; 3.0 to 3.9 pounds; and 4.0 to 5.5 pounds. These are means of weight and of measurements of lying length, crownrump, head circumference, and fibula length (obtained by fibulometry). Mean 13-week increments of these measures are also given. Standard deviations of the means are given. The stem-stature indices of the infants, with standard deviations, are presented. These measures are discussed in relationship to each other and in comparison to those of full-term babies. The premature baby of a given weight group appears to maintain his birth weight and length status in relationship to premature babies of other weight groups and to full-term infants. Demonstration and study of the similarities of rates of growth in three weight groups of premature infants and in full-term infants emphasize this pattern. The head circumference of the premature infant appears to have reached average fullterm size by 3 months after being very much smaller at birth. The stem-stature indices of the three weight groups of premature infants are very similar yet behave oddly in their pattern of development. They are comparable at birth to an average one-year-old full-term baby. There is an unusual increase to 3 months of age, which is followed by the usual decrease. These findings are discussed. Fibula length, obtained by fibulometry, appears to be a constantly reliable measure of linear growth. It is highly repeatable and accurate. Its correlation with lying length is given and discussed. Two groups of premature babies were given formulas of different concentrations but of the same volume. Irrespective of birth weight group, those offered and taking the stronger formula (average, 42 calories per unce) had a greater gain in weight and hence a highly significant shorter hospital stay than those taking the weaker formula (average 26 calories per ounce). There was a more rapid gain in weight in the shorter-stay group. Reasons for this with advantages and disadvantages in increased caloric feeding are discussed.
Rhodium: Organometallic Chemistry

A review of the major advances in the organometallic chemistry of rhodium covering the period 1993–2003 is presented. Highlighted are complexes containing N-donor ligands such as triazacyclononanes and tris-(pyrazolyl)borates, those containing vinylidene and allenylidene ligands, and the formation of metallamacrocyclic complexes. Also featured are results of detailed computational studies on the activation of CH bonds and the course of olefin hydroformylation and hydrogenation processes. Classes of organorhodium compounds covered include alkyl, aryl, vinylidene, allenylidene, alkynyl, and carbene complexes. Also reviewed are alkene, alkyne, isocyanide, and arene complexes, as well as carbonyl cluster compounds together with significant coverage of dinuclear complexes stabilized by bis(diphenylphosphino)methane ligands. Keywords: rhodium; alkyl; aryl; vinylidene; allenylidene; arene; alkene; alkyne; cluster; isocyanide; dinuclear; diphosphine
The Development of Chinese Fluency during Study Abroad in China.

This article is part of a longitudinal study of American college students studying Mandarin in China. Its main data are drawn from monthly speaking events (four sessions with each student) conducted in Chinese with each of 29 participants in a study-abroad program in China. The study yielded these results: (a) Students made significant progress in their fluency development, especially during the first month; (b) speaking Chinese both inside and outside of class helped fluency; (c) students who consistently spoke Chinese in class and out of class made more progress than those who did not; and (d) time on task, the amount of time that students spent using Chinese, was the most important factor in determining fluency development. The quantitative analysis that is the focus of this article is supplemented by qualitative data from individual students, reflecting the position that only a combination of quantitative and qualitative data can reveal a complete picture of the nature of language acquisition during study abroad. The article concludes with implications for the design and conduct of programs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Future directions of nanometrology and nanomanufacturing

Nanomanufacturing and nanometrology are key enablers for fulfilling the promise of nanotechnology. Nanomanufacturing (NM) capitalizes on the special material properties and processing capabilities at the nanoscale, and promotes integration of nanostructures to functional micro devices and meso/macroscale architectures and systems, as well as the interfacing issues across dimensional scales. Nanometrology provides the means to measure and characterize process and product performance and covers an expanse of topics including instrumentation, measurement approaches for off-line and in-process production applications, and standards. To meet the needs of this emerging manufacturing community it is important that research on scale-up of nanotechnology for high rate production, reliability, robustness, yield, efficiency and cost issues for manufacturing products and services be pursued. To achieve this, new research directions must include a systems approach that encompasses nanoscale materials and structures, fabrication and integration processes, production equipment and characterization of instrumentation, theory/ modeling/ simulation and control tools, biomimetic design and integration of multi-scale functional systems, three dimensional nanoscale metrology, production-hardened metrology, and other areas driven by industrial applications. Impact is expected in energy systems, electronics, medical/health, transportation, pharmaceutical, chemicals and defense sectors.
Soils—the Metagenomics Approach

Metagenomics offers a new look by accessing the as-yet-unculturable microorganisms that represent the majority of life in soil. Metagenomic analysis of soil is challenging because soil is such a complex environment, containing diverse organisms in a dynamic matrix. The biological, chemical, and physical properties of soil all contribute to the technical difficulties of the analysis, and thus numerous obstacles to cloning and analyzing the metagenome of soil remain to be overcome. Discovery of metabolic networks and small molecules from the cultured microorganisms from soil has been unparalleled in any other environment, and therefore it is likely that the potential for discovery from the uncultured community is similarly enormous. Because most of the uncultured life forms in soil appear to be new species and many represent new genera, there is much to learn about the fundamental functioning of soil microbial communities, and these communities have already yielded new enzymes and antibiotics. Technical advances in DNA recovery, gene expression, and functional analysis will enhance the rate of discovery and make possible productive prospecting of soil for the medicinal, agricultural, and industrial chemicals.
Magnitude and Origin of the Band Gap in NiO

Photoemission and bremsstrahlung-isochromat-spectroscopy data on a cleaved NiO single crystal are presented and compared to band- and cluster-theory predictions. In contrast to band-theory predictions the band gap is found to be large but not determined solely by the even larger $d\ensuremath{-}d$ Coulomb interactions so that NiO is not a Mott-Hubbard insulator in the simplest sense. A large $d\ensuremath{-}d$ interaction need not prevent NiS from being a metal.
Pediatric Stroke, Health Disparities, and Biological Differences in Disease Pathophysiology

Health disparity is defined by the Institute of Medicine as racial or ethnic differences in the quality of health care that are caused by factors other than access or differences in clinical need, patient preferences, or appropriateness.1 Research in health disparities has become an emerging area of investigation and resource allocation, leading to thecreationofnew academic divisions, institutes, and individual centers atmajor research-intensivemedical centers. Despite the academic focusoneliminatinghealth caredisparities, limited advancementhasbeenmade indecreasing the rateofhealth care disparities in pediatrics, particularly as it relates to themajor causes ofmorbidity andmortality in children, such as thepremature birth rate2 and asthma.3 In this issueofJAMAPediatrics,LehmanandFullerton4use administrative death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics to show indirectly that the racial disparity in ischemic strokedeath rates inUSchildren seems tohave improvedafter the landmarkStrokePreventionTrial inSickleCell Anemia (STOP). The STOP trial demonstrated a highly effectiveprimary strokeprevention strategy for childrenwith sickle cell anemia (SCA).5 Among children, those with SCA have one of the highest rates of ischemic strokes. Prior to the completion of the STOP trial, for black children with SCA, the incidence rate for ischemic stroke was 238 per 100 000 (95% CI, 78-556),6 while for black children without SCA, the overall incidence of stroke was 0.83 per 100 000, not dramatically different than the incidence of stroke forwhite children (0.97 per 100 000). Before the STOP trial, children with SCA had an approximately 240 times greater rate of excessive strokes when comparedwithnonblackchildren.Thus, identificationof aprimaryprevention strategy for ischemic strokes in childrenwith SCAshouldalsodecrease theblack-whitehealthdisparity inpediatric strokemortality.LehmanandFullertonhaveshownthat since the results of the STOP trialwere released to thepublic in 1997, there has been a decrease in the risk of death in black vs whitechildrenwith ischemicbutnothemorrhagicstrokes.What cannot be shownwithdeath certificate data iswhether thedecrease in ischemicstrokemortality isdue toadecrease instroke incidence or case fatality. An important question that cannot be addressed by Lehman and Fullerton4 is whether there is truly disparity in the black-white death rate associated with strokes for children without SCA. Their current study compares stroke mortality rates inwhite children,who rarelyhaveSCA (<1%),with stroke mortality rates in black children, many of whom have SCA (38%7-58%6) preand post-STOP trial. Unfortunately, the NaRelated article page 754 Editorial Opinion
Cricopharyngeal electromyography: patterns of injury based on etiology.

Objective Although cricopharyngeal electromyography (CP-EMG) is recognized as a diagnostic tool for dysphagia assessment, few reports in the literature characterize CP-EMG abnormalities in relation to clinical presentation. The aim of this study was to review a large series of CP-EMG studies, and compare the CP-EMG results with the patients’ diagnoses. Methods A retrospective review of all CP-EMG performed at our institution over a 10-year period was executed. CP-EMG findings were then compared with the patients’ clinical history, focusing on potential etiologies of neurogenic injury. Results Seventy CP-EMGs were reviewed, with 47 (67%) demonstrating neural injury. Of those cases with neural injury on EMG, 29 (60%) had known vagal injuries, 13 (28%) had idiopathic nerve palsies, and 5 (11%) had central etiologies, such as stroke. Each of these three neurogenic subgroups revealed a distinct pattern of EMG abnormalities. Conclusion This study suggests there is an association between patterns of CP-EMG abnormalities and underlying etiology based on clinical history.
Determination of the long term corrosion behavior of coated steel with A.C. impedance measurements

Abstract A previous study of the a.c. impedance of thin polymer films on aluminum alloys, steel, and phosphated steel, determined over a wide frequency range, has resulted in a general model for the electrochemical impedance across the coated surfaces. According to this model, penetration of the coating by the electrolyte results in an impedance behavior which is typical of a dielectric film short-circuited by conducting electrolytic paths perpendicular and parallel to the polymer/metal interface. Comparison of the time dependence of the impedance of coated steel substrates with the impedance across a free film has demonstrated that the corrosion of the substrate enhances the development of parallel paths of ionic conduction in the coating. A.c. impedance measurements carried out on polybutadiene-coated steels pretreated by different procedures determine quantitatively the resistance Rp of the conducting paths. The time dependence of Rp for the coated substrates has been determined for exposure periods of up to three weeks. Visual observation of the corroded and delaminated areas according to ASTM D610 has been carried out simultaneously, and correlations have been established with Rp. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility to predict the corrosion behavior of a coated metal, based on the measurement of Rp.
Signals for parity violation in the electroweak-symmetry-breaking sector.

We consider the possibility of observing a parity-violating but {ital CP}-conserving interaction in the symmetry-breaking sector of the electroweak theory. We find that the best probe for such an interaction is a forward-backward asymmetry in {ital W}{sup +}{ital W{minus}} production from polarized {ital e}{sub {ital R}}{sup {minus}}{ital e}{sub {ital L}}{sup +} collisions. An observable asymmetry would be strong evidence against a custodial SU(2) symmetry. We also discuss the effects of such an interaction in future {ital e}{sup {minus}}{gamma} colliders as well as in rare decays of {ital K} and {ital B} mesons.
Nucleoside triphosphate termini from RNA synthesized in vivo by Escherichia coli.

Alkaline hydrolyzates of RNA made in vivo by Escherichia coli contain ribonucleoside-39-monophosphate-59-triphosphates. These probably arise by hydrolysis of the initial nucleoside triphosphate from the 59 terminus of the nascent RNA chains. Logarithmically growing cultures, labeled for 45 seconds with 32P-labeled phosphate, yield about 2000 molecules of labeled tetraphosphate per cell, this yield increasing only slightly with continued labeling. Only the tetraphosphates of adenosine and guanosine have been found in Escherichia coli, and these two are present in approximately equal amounts.
A model for an expert system for medium access control in a local area network

Abstract We propose a new area for the application of an expert system. A network protocol, designed to control access to the network by the users, currently uses a purely random technique for recovering from an error situation. The network protocol is called carrier sense multiple access with collision detect, or csma / cd . It is used in local area networks to control access to the network medium. We will describe an expert system that will consider the situation and determine the most appropriate response based on the current state of the network and the information in its knowledge base. We first give an overview of the problem, followed by explanatory chapters on local area networks and expert systems, including a section on fuzzy expert systems. Then the unique characteristics of the problem are reviewed, and a sketch of the solution is developed. This is followed by a detailed description of the model for the expert system. Finally, there is a discussion on the results including problems encountered, conclusions on the application, and suggestions for future research.
Situation Awareness: Does it Change With Age?:

The aim of this research project was to study age-related differences in our ability to perceive and abstract important information from the environment and to determine what physical and cognitive...
Environmental enrichment and restriction: Effects on reactivity, exploration and maze learning in mice with septal lesions

Abstract Following weaning, male, Heterogeneous mice were maintained either in socially/environmentally enriched conditions or in restricted conditions. Behavioral testing began when the mice were 60 days of age. The day after an initial handling-reactivity test, the mice were given either septal lesions or control surgery, and returned to their respective housing conditions. Following surgery, the mice underwent a successive battery of behavioral tests, consisting of the following: (1) handling reactivity; (2) open field exploration, as affected by the stress of a water swim; and, (3) performance on a water-maze spatial discrimination task. Restricted mice were more reactive than enriched mice before surgery, but with daily postsurgical handling, the reactivity of the restricted control group approached that of their enriched counter-parts. Also, there were no differences between enriched and restricted controls on acquisition or reversal of the spatial discrimination, or in exploration of a novel open field. The two intact groups did differ, however, in their open field behavior following the stress of a water swim. In contrast to the behavior of the control animals, the environmental housing conditions altered the behavior of the mice with septal lesions on each of the tests. The restricted mice with lesions were extremely reactive to handling, and displayed spatial reversal deficits; the enriched mice with lesions were much less reactive than the restricted septals, and showed no maze learning deficits. The open field tests, especially those following the water swim, revealed surgery by housing interactions as well, though not necessarily consistent with a “normalizing” effect of environmental enrichment for mice with septal lesions. The task-specific nature of this continuously maintained environmental manipulation, and the relative value of environmental stimulation in alleviating effects of septal damage are considered.
Differential expression of innate immunity genes in chronic rhinosinusitis.

BACKGROUND Prior research has identified several components of the innate immune system that may play a significant role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but the role of innate immunity in patients with CRS is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine differential expression of innate immunity genes in the mucosa of patients with CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) when compared with controls. METHODS Control patients (n = 9) and patients with CRS (n = 36) who failed medical management were prospectively enrolled. Ethmoid mucosa samples were harvested during surgery and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine levels of mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR9 and interleukin-22 receptor (IL-22R). The average change in crossover threshold and fold change were calculated and differences between controls, CRSwNP, and CRSsNP were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskall-Wallis and adjusted Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Patients with CRSwNP (n = 16) and CRSsNP (n = 20) showed lower mean expression of TLR2 (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Patients with CRSsNP showed significantly higher mean expression of IL-22R (p < 0.05) than controls. CONCLUSION The sinonasal innate immune system may have a significant role in the development of CRS. We found differential expression of innate immune mediators between patients with and without nasal polyposis. These results provide further evidence of disruption of innate immunity at the mucosal level in CRS and highlight differences between polyp- and non-polyp-forming CRS phenotypes at the molecular level. In addition to our knowledge, this is the first report of altered IL-22R expression in CRSsNP patients. This study was a part of the clinical trial NCT01332136 registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov.
INFLUENCE OF ATP-SENSITIVE K+ CHANNEL MODULATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DIABETIC MYOCARDIUM

ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are therapeutic targets for hypertension and diabetes. KATP channel opening elicits vasorelaxation and myocardial protection, whereas its closing stimulates insulin secretion. The cardiac KATP conductance is believed altered under diabetes. This study was to evaluate the influence of KATP channel openers and blocker on myocardial contractile dysfunction in diabetes. Adult rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and maintained for eight weeks. Contractile properties were studied using isolated papillary muscles in the absence or presence of KATP channel openers (BRL 38227 and pinacidil) and KATP blocker (glyburide). Experimental diabetes led to hyperglycemia, reduced growth, cardiac hypertrophy and hepatomegaly. Mechanical properties exhibited prolonged duration and reduced velocity of both contraction and relaxation in diabetic myocardium, characteristic of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acute exposure to both KATP channel openers induced concentration-dependent n...
Importance of exchange scattering in double ionization of He atoms by electron impact

For the process He(1s) + e-(k0) -> He2+ + e-(k1) + e-(k2) + e-(k3) relations between the direct and the exchange amplitudes, similar to the relation of Peterkop for single ionizations, are given. It is also found that each of the two exchange amplitudes contributes to the cross sections as much as the direct amplitude at any energy.
The Relation Between Profits and the Rate of Change of Money Wages in Australia

Wage determination has been the subject of an immense amount of study and controversy in recent years in Australia. In most of the Australian wage equations, either the profit variable has been omitted or specifically rejected. This study tests the hypothesis that the rate of change of money wages may be influenced by the profit variable. Our results show that profit is an important explanatory variable in the explanation of money wage change in Australia.
What does it mean for a student to understand the first-year calculus? Perspectives of 24 experts

Abstract This article presents the views of 24 nationally recognized authorities in the field of mathematics, and in particular the calculus, on student understanding of the first-year calculus. A framework emerged that includes four overarching end goals for understanding of the first-year calculus: (a) mastery of the fundamental concepts and-or skills of the first-year calculus, (b) construction of connections and relationships between and among concepts and skills, (c) the ability to use the ideas of the first-year calculus, and (d) a deep sense of the context and purpose of the calculus. Each end goal for student understanding is explored in detail and the potential for using the framework as an organizational tool is discussed.
The significance of transient left ventricular dilation during SPECT dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy.

We assessed the significance of transient left ventricular dilation (TLVD) during single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy (DTS) in 49 patients who underwent both DTS and diagnostic coronary arteriography. Quantitative analysis of DTS images and independent review by 3 experienced observers determined that 17 patients had TLVD and 32 patients had no TLVD. Patients with TLVD were similar to patients without TLVD with respect to age, history of myocardial infarction, coronary risk factors and occurrence of chest pain or electrocardiographic changes during DTS. The frequency of three-vessel coronary artery disease (3VD) was greater in patients with TLVD than in patients without TLVD (94% vs. 16%, p<0.01). The sensitivity of TLVD was 76% and the specificity 96% for the detection of 3VD. Of the 16 patients with 3 VD who manifested TLVD, standard SPECT DTS analysis demonstrated defect or perfusion abnormalities in 14 patients and no abnormalities in 2 patients. In conclusion, the finding of TLVD during SPECT DTS is a specific marker for severe coronary disease and can provide additive information to standard SPECT thallium-201 analysis.
Near‐surface dynamics of sheared polymer melts using ATR/FTIR

Using attenuated total-reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR), the concentration of deuterated polybutadiene near the surface of a flat zinc selenide crystal was followed as it was replaced by ordinary polybutadiene by flow and diffusion. Experiments were performed in the melt, both below (M {approximately} 1,500) and above (M {approximately} 15,000) the entanglement threshold. The decay profiles agree well with a finite-element simulation of the system. In contrast to previous investigations of C{sub 16}`s, the decay profiles of both unentangled and entangled polybutadienes are consistent with a uniform diffusivity in the near-wall region.
A preliminary study on the relationship between precipitation and large earthquakes in Southern California

By comparing seasonal rainfall data from the past 90 years with the occurrence of large (M≥6) earthquakes along an arid stretch of the San Andreas fault system in southern California, certain correlations have been observed. Most large earthquakes are preceded by a pattern consisting of a few years of below normal precipitation (drought) terminated by one or more consecutive seasons of heavy (above normal) rainfall. While this drought-above normal rainfall cycle can be seen at times other than prior to major earthquakes, it precedes, to varying degrees, all of the twelve M≥6 events. This new precursor evidence, when combined with other premonitory signals, may offer a helpful diagnostic measure that could be useful in earthquake prediction in arid regions.
STAT!Ref: An Online Source of Health Care Reference Materials

STAT!Ref is an online source of reference materials that includes more than 300 resources in over 50 health care disciplines. This review examines STAT!Ref as a resource for health care professionals, librarians, and researchers by evaluating the search and retrieval of relevant resources, Value-Added Resources, and innovative E-Resource Tools.
ON THE UNORIENTED SATO-LEVINE INVARIANT

The Sato-Levine invariant for 2-component links with linking number zero is generalized to links with even linking numbers using not necessarily orientable surfaces. It is well defined modulo 4 and completely classifies “unoriented pass equivalence classes” of 2-component proper links. It is shown that it can be expressed in terms of the coefficients of the Conway polynomial and some applications to the Arf invariant are given.
Perspectives for Cancer Prevention With Natural Compounds

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Despite the estimated 565,650 deaths in 2008 of Americans as a result of cancer, it is mostly a preventable disease. Simply by modification of diet, maintenance of optimum body weight, and regular physical activity, 30% to 40% of all instances of cancer could be prevented. Modification of diet alone by increasing vegetable and fruit intake could prevent 20% or more of all cases of cancer and may potentially prevent approximately 200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. Because of their safety, low toxicity, antioxidant properties, and general acceptance as dietary supplements, fruits, vegetables, and other dietary elements (phytochemicals and minerals) are being investigated for the prevention of cancer. Extensive research over the past several decades has identified numerous dietary and botanical natural compounds that have chemopreventive potential. In this review, we discuss promising natural chemopreventive compounds, their molecular targets, and their mechanisms, which may help the further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical trials.
A simple and inexpensive method for plasma transferrin determination

Abstract A simple, inexpensive technique for the determination of plasma transferrin levels is presented. Chemicals required for the method are readily available from commercial sources and have a relatively long shelf-life. A simple visible spectrophotometer is the only equipment required. The technique is simple and rapid to perform and is reproducible. Intra-assay coefficient of variation was determined to be 4%; interassay coefficient of variation was determined to be 5%. Reference values were determined on 406 subjects.
Erratum to: A Framework for Supporting Tree-Like Indexes on the Chord Overlay

Erratum: Ming-Dong Zhu, De-Rong Shen, Yue Kou, Tie-Zheng Nie, Ge Yu. A Framework for Supporting Tree-Like Indexes on the Chord Overlay. Journal of Computer Science and Technology 2013, 28(6): 962-972. DOI: 10.1007/s11390-013-1391-8.
Dynamic balancing of inventory in supply chains

Abstract We consider the dynamic version of the classic problem of allocation of inventories to a set of retailers to rectify the imbalance of inventories amongst them. While most research is focussed on analyzing different allocation strategies with a predetermined time of shipment (static policy), we investigate the benefit of using real time demand (inventory) information to schedule rebalancing shipments in a retail network. We model the dynamic rebalancing problem that has two decisions, the timing of the balancing shipments and determination of the new stocking levels at the retailers, as a dynamic program (DP). We obtain structural properties for the optimal allocation, rebalancing and timing strategies. We also present conditions under which a greedy heuristic to decide how much to ship from one retailer to another is optimal. The DP for determining the optimal timing and quantity of shipments has a very large state space. We present an algorithm to solve this DP efficiently. We also provide a heuristic solution procedure to the dynamic problem that performs very close to optimal. Numerical results show that dynamic allocation policies can lead to substantial benefits over the static policy especially in systems in which the starting inventories at the retailers are balanced or when high service levels are required.
Evidence for a charge-transfer interaction between dissolved humic materials and organic molecules: I. Study of the binding interaction between humic materials and chloranil

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that organic environmental contaminants associate with or bind to dissolved humic materials. Binding constants for many systems have been determined, but little is known about the nature of these interactions. Using UV difference spectroscopy we have established the electron donating ability of humic materials and introduced a simple, direct method for measuring binding constants. Chloranil (tetrachlorobenzoquinone), a well known electron acceptor, was combined with Aldrich humic materials (2.7 mg C/l) giving rise to a shift in the chloranil 290 nm band. Spectra of several such solutions with differing chloranil concentrations when analyzed versus a chloranil reference contained a negative peak at this wavelength due to the binding interaction. The concentration of bound chloranil could be directly determined by measurement of the negative peak. The binding constant (Kdoc) for the chloranil-humic system was determined to be 1.2 × 105. Binding continued to occur over a period of several weeks, indicating that studies which measured binding constants for relatively short periods of time may have generated binding constants which were lower than those applicable to the environment. A charge transfer mechanism can be postulated for the chloranil-humic system as well as for similar systems.
Use of pure opioid antagonists for management of opioid-induced pruritus

Purpose Published reports on placebo-controlled clinical trials and other studies investigating the use of pure opioid antagonists for the prevention and treatment of opioid-induced pruritus (OIP) were evaluated. Summary OIP is a common adverse effect of therapeutic use of opioid medications that can have a major impact on patients’ comfort, quality of life, and willingness to continue opioid therapy. A literature search identified more than a dozen published reports on the use of pure opioid antagonists (naloxone, naltrexone, methylnaltrexone) for the management of OIP in pediatric and adult patients. Of the studies included in this review, most investigated the effects of naloxone administered by various parenteral routes for the prevention of OIP. Some of those studies indicated a significant reduction in the frequency or severity of pruritus with use of naloxone (a low-dose, continuous i.v. infusion of naloxone appeared to be the most effective treatment). A significant diminution of analgesia requiring increased cumulative doses of morphine was also observed in some studies. A number of studies evaluating the use of orally administered naltrexone for the management of OIP yielded generally less favorable results. Evidence from one small study suggested a potential role for orally administered methylnaltrexone in the prevention of OIP. Conclusion Based on the existing data, a low-dose, continuous i.v. infusion of naloxone has the largest body of evidence supporting its use for prevention of OIP in adult and pediatric patients.
Functional Interdependence and Colocalization of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Heat Shock Protein 90 in Cerebral Arteries

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), an essential component of several signal transduction systems, participates in the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cells. The objective of the current study was to determine if HSP90 and eNOS were functionally interdependent and colocalized in the cerebral circulation. The authors used isometric force recording, cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) radioimmunoassay (RIA), and immunogold electron microscopy (EM) to study canine basilar artery. They found that geldanamycin (0.1 to 10 μg/mL), a selective HSP90 inhibitor, caused concentration-dependent contractions in arterial rings (n = 6 dogs). Contractions to geldanamycin were unaffected by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 μmol/L;P < 0.05, n = 6). Functional evidence for interaction between HSP90 and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling included observations that the contractile effect of geldanamycin was the following: (1) endothelium-dependent, (2) abolished by Ng-nitro-l-arginine...
From Refrigerator Mothers to Warrior‐Heroes: The Cultural Identity Transformation of Mothers Raising Children with Intellectual Disabilities

This article examines public performances of mothering children with intellectual disabilities through thematic discourse analysis of thirty-three published memoirs. These data reveal presentations of self that, once consumed and interpreted by public interaction, emerge collectively as a “warrior-hero” identity, a reformulated archetype in the social construction of a good mother. This archetype places a cultural expectation on mothers to do battle to attain resources and possible cures for their children, ultimately shifting the historical burden on mothers from causing the intellectual disabilities of their children to curing them. The article concludes with a discussion of how this hyperfocus on expert parenting has the potential to leave mothers of children with intellectual disabilities strained and subject to the pitfalls of systems of inequality.
The Concept of Skeletal Age

The uniqueness of the individual child is a biological fact that is readily recognized by students of child development. The applications of concepts based upon this realization involves the use of...
Tryptamine-4,5-dione, a putative endotoxic metabolite of the superoxide-mediated oxidation of serotonin, is a mitochondrial toxin: possible implications in neurodegenerative brain disorders.

The release and subsequent reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and cytoplasmic superoxide (O2-•) generation have both been implicated as important factors associated with the degeneration of ser...
Improving the efficiency of direct-memory-access output operations

The improvements in throughput expected from direct-memory-access channels are not realized with simple input/output routines. For output operations, the improvements can be realized through the provision of a separate data buffer area in memory that may be accessed by the peripheral while the primary buffer area is being manipulated by the program. The method may be extended to peripherals that require error checking after output. (Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.)
Performance-Based Assessment: The Road to Authentic Learning for the Gifted.

Performance-based assessment clearly represents an indispensable approach for assessing gifted student learning. Challenging performance tasks allow gifted learners to reveal their considerable int...
Genomics of lymphoid malignancies reveal major activation pathways in lymphocytes

Breakdown of tolerance leads to autoimmunity due to emergence of autoreactive T or B cell clones. Autoimmune diseases predispose to lymphoid malignancies and lymphoid malignancies, conversely, can manifest as autoimmune diseases. While it has been clear for a long time that a competitive advantage and uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of both lymphoid malignancies as well as autoimmune diseases, the overlap of the underlying mechanisms has been less well described. Next generation sequencing has led to massive expansion of the available genomic data in many diseases over the last five years. These data allow for comparison of the molecular pathogenesis between autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies. Here, we review the similarities between autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies: 1) Both, autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies are characterized by activation of the same T and B cell signaling pathways, and dysregulation of these pathways can occur through genetic or epigenetic events. 2) In both scenarios, clonal and subclonal evolution of lymphocytes contribute to disease. 3) Development of both diseases not only depends on T or B cell intrinsic factors, such as germline or somatic mutations, but also on environmental factors. These include infections, the presence of other immune cells in the microenvironment, and the cytokine milieu. A better mechanistic understanding of the parallels between lymphomagenesis and autoimmunity may help the development of precision treatment strategies with rationally designed therapeutic agents.
Black Women Coping with HOPE VI in Spartanburg, South Carolina

Poor, black, single women heads of household account for the majority of those the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) initiative impacts. The stated goal of the HOPE VI program is to “revitalize” central cities, which involves demolishing “distressed” public housing complexes and replacing them with “sustainable communities.” The purpose of this article is to present findings of my fall 2006 fieldwork in Spartanburg, SC, and a critical analysis of these findings. I visited and interviewed a sample of 25 black women heads of household, relocated from the Phyllis Goins public housing project. My study provided these women the opportunity to reflect on their relocation experiences in order to assess the impact of the relocation. The detected trends revealed relocation largely imposes hardships on families. My sociological analysis examines the relationship between historically established structures and the women’s personal biographies. The feminist analytical frames I apply aim to explain the tensions exposed between the women in my sample and the Spartanburg Housing Authority that may be indicative of nationwide trends.