cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Antineoplastic Activity with a Whole Organism Drosophila melanogaster Screen

Cancer is a disease characterized by high mitosis rates with a loss of regulation. Many antineoplastics, those drugs used to treat cancer, act by slowing or halting mitosis. We are developing a whole-organism screening protocol to identify novel antineoplastics. After exposing Drosophila melanogaster eggs and larva to a compound, their growth rate and population decrease if mitosis inhibition or arrest occur. We screened several compounds from the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP). Our screen successfully identified two compounds, toyocamycin and stictic acid, previously identified as possible antineoplastics. Toyocamycin killed a fraction of the population proportional to the dose concentration resulting in full mortality at 100 and 200 µM. At low doses, toyocamycin also slowed larval development by a mean of one day. RNAseq showed that no genes were differentially expressed in mature flies after toyocamycin exposure was halted. Stictic acid delayed larval growth by an equal or greater margin compared to toyocamycin. These results demonstrate that decreases in Drosophila growth or population can predict a compound’s antineoplastic activity and toxicity.
A Comment on the Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf Paper on File-Sharing

Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Koleman Strumpf, in their recent paper on file-sharing, provide numerous additional tests and facts to support their overall conclusion that file-sharing has a benign impact on record sales. In this note I attempt to replicate their additional tests and check their facts. My replication finds results that contradict the claims of Oberholzer-Gee/Strumpf for each of the additional tests. Further, many facts do not pass a careful fact-check. I then propose some methodological problems with the main analysis to explain why their main analysis gives results at odds with these other tests, industry facts, and the rest of the literature. There is a longer version of this paper available on SSRN which provides more detailed analysis, data and discussion.
Evidence for the Continuity of Early Problem Behaviors: Application of a Developmental Model

Evidence of the continuity of early problem behaviors in young girls and boys was examined developmentally. Data were gathered on 104 mother-child dyads from low-income families when children were between 1 and 5 years of age. Difficult temperament, aggression, and noncompliance from 12 to 24 months, and externalizing and internalizing problems at 36 and 60 months, were assessed. The results provide evidence for the continuity of early behavioral and emotional problems and support for the early differentiation between internalizing and externalizing problems. Implications of the current findings for prevention efforts are presented.
Value of Alfalfa Silage in the Diet of the Young Dairy Calf

Texts on dairy cattle feeding and management through the years have indi- cated generally that silage was of little value for tile dairy calf; however, a review of the literature yields little scientific data as to the value of high quality hay-crop silage for nutrients for the young calf. Sykes et al. (10) have reported oll a comparison of alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage for dairy heifers from birth to 24 months of age, in a limited milk and grain feeding system. They concluded that high levels of alfalfa silage would not promote normal growth. Their data show, however, that treatment differences relative to growth were slight up to 5 months of age and most pronounced from 5 to 12 months of age. Poor or average quality hay has been found inadequate for the young dairy calf raised under a limited whole milk and grain system of feeding (2, 3, 4). The weather in the northeastern states is a constant threat to the harvesting of high quality field-cured hay (1, 8). Many dairymen now produce good quality hay-crop silage year after year, regardless of poor hay-drying conditions. It appears conceivable that the over-all level of the quality of roughage being fed to young dairy animals might rise more rapidly if hay-crop silage could be utilized satisfactorily in their rations. The objectives of the present study were to determine: 1. The feasibility of feeding high quality alfalfa silage as the only source of roughage to calves. 2. The effect of supplementing alfalfa hay with alfalfa silage in the ration of calves. 3. The efficacy of feeding maximum levels of roughage to calves while re- stricting concentrate intake.
In Vitro Polyoma DNA Synthesis: Characterization of a System from Infected 3T3 Cells

A lysate from hypotonically swollen polyoma-infected BALB/3T3 cells incorporated labeled deoxynucleotide triphosphates into both viral and cellular DNAs. The incorporation was stimulated by the presence of ATP, deoxynucleotide triphosphates, thiols, and magnesium ions. Strong inhibition of incorporation was observed with thiol reagents and arabinosyl nucleotide triphosphates. The rate of in vitro synthesis increased with the temperature of incubation as expected. Incorporation into cellular DNA for up to 2 h was observed in lysates from virus-infected and serum-stimulated cells but not from resting cells. Synthesis in the system, therefore, appeared to reflect the physiological state of the cells before preparation of the lysate. Incorporation into viral DNA stopped far sooner than that into cellular DNA. During the initial phase of the in vitro incubation, incorporation occurred into viral replicative intermediates (RI). These RIs had identical properties to those isolated after in vivo pulse labeling and a substantial proportion of them was matured to form I DNA at later times in the incubation through all the stages known to occur in vivo. Density labeling of the in vitro product showed that practically all of the RIs pre-existing in the infected cell took part in the in vitro reaction. Analysis of DNA labeled in vitro in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate showed that synthesis occurred on RIs at all stages of replication and that the progeny strands were elongated by up to 80% of unit viral DNA length. Pre-existing RIs, pulse labeled in vivo, showed evidence of a pool at a late stage of replication which required elongation of their progeny strands by approximately 25% during conversion to form I molecules. From density-labeling experiments, we were also able to show that viral DNA synthesis in vitro was semiconservative. The major reason for cessation of viral DNA synthesis in vitro was the very limited ability of the lysate to initiate new rounds of viral DNA synthesis.
Spatial Extent and Dynamics of Dam Impacts on Tropical Island Freshwater Fish Assemblages

Habitat connectivity is vital to the persistence of migratory fishes. Native tropical island stream fish assemblages composed of diadromous species require intact corridors between ocean and riverine habitats. High dams block fish migration, but low-head artificial barriers are more widespread and are rarely assessed for impacts. Among all 46 drainages in Puerto Rico, we identified and surveyed 335 artificial barriers that hinder fish migration to 74.5% of the upstream habitat. We also surveyed occupancy of native diadromous fishes (Anguillidae, Eleotridae, Gobiidae, and Mugilidae) in 118 river reaches. Occupancy models demonstrated that barriers 2 meters (m) high restricted nongoby fish migration and extirpated those fish upstream of 4-m barriers. Gobies are adapted to climbing and are restricted by 12-m barriers and extirpated upstream of 32-m barriers. Our findings quantitatively illustrate the extensive impact of low-head structures on island stream fauna and provide guidance for natural resource management, habitat restoration, and water development strategies.
The convergence in distribution of some simple epidemics

Abstract A group of n susceptible individuals exposed to a simple epidemic is modeled by a stochastic process Xn(t), t∈[0, ∞), representing the number of infective individuals at time t. In this paper our analysis is restricted to two classes of simple epidemic models. It is shown, for the first class of simple epidemics, that Xn(t) converges in distribution as n→∞ to a negative binomial random variable, and that EXn(t), Var{Xn(t)} converge as n→∞ for all t∈(0, ∞). For the second class of simple epidemics it is shown that Xn(t), with suitable standardization, converges in distribution as n→∞ to a normal variable for all tϵ(0, ∞).
MicroRNA-7 Modulates CD98 Expression during Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation

The transmembrane glycoprotein CD98 regulates multiple cellular functions, including extracellular signaling, epithelial cell adhesion/polarity, amino acid transport, and cell-cell interactions. MicroRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, thereby functioning as modulators of numerous cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we investigated if microRNAs regulate CD98 expression during intestinal epithelial cell differentiation and inflammation. We found that microRNA-7 repressed CD98 expression in Caco2-BBE cells by directly targeting the 3′-untranslated region of human CD98 mRNA. Expression of CD98 was decreased, whereas that of microRNA-7 was increased in well-differentiated Caco2-BBE cells compared with undifferentiated cells. Undifferentiated crypt cells isolated from mouse jejunum showed higher CD98 levels and lower levels of mmu-microRNA-706, a murine original microRNA candidate for CD98, than well-differentiated villus cells. Importantly, microRNA-7 decreased Caco2-BBE cell attachment on laminin-1, and CD98 overexpression recovered this inhibition, suggesting that microRNA-7 modulates epithelial cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, which in turn could affect proliferation and differentiation during the migration of enterocytes across the crypt-villus axis, by regulating CD98 expression. In a pathological context, the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1-β increased CD98 expression in Caco2-BBE cells by decreasing microRNA-7 levels. Consistent with the in vitro findings, microRNA-7 levels were decreased in actively inflamed Crohn disease colonic tissues, where CD98 expression was up-regulated, compared with normal tissues. Together, these results reveal a novel mechanism underlying regulation of CD98 expression during patho-physiological states. This study raises microRNAs as a promising target for therapeutic modulations of CD98 expression in intestinal inflammatory disorders.
Effects of neglecting resistances in XB and BX load-flow methods

Diakoptics, superposition, and the mismatch theorem are used to study theoretically the effect of neglecting line resistances when forming the various B matrices on the mismatches of the XB and the BX versions of the decoupled load-flow algorithms. The fixed Jacobian method (FJM) is used as a yardstick to compare the effectiveness of the XB and the BX versions. It is shown that the BX version is a better approximation to the FJM than the XB version for high r/x ratios. Results are reported using simulated networks.
Treatment of infected wounds and chronic sinus tracts with enzymes; plasmin (fibrinolysin) and hyaluronidase and antibiotics.

Summary Treatment of chronic surgical wounds and sinuses with a combination of plasmin and hyaluronidase is presented with the rationale for the use of these agents. The results show hastening of cleansing of the wound and healing, which is very gratifying as compared with other methods of treatment. The method was simple, the treatment safe. Earlier discharge of patients from the hospital and earlier closure of these chronically infected wounds were effected.
An attempt to establish extinction-elicited aggression by withholding rewarding electrical stimulation of the brain

An attempt was made to establish extinction-elicited aggression by withholding rewarding brain stimulation. Aggression, as measured by attack of one rat upon another, was not found in either a food-deprived or a nondeprived group.
Horizontal-to-vertical velocity conversion in the triple jump

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of selected factors on horizontal-to-vertical velocity conversion in the triple jump. An understanding of this conversion is important not only for studies on the techniques of the triple jump, but also for other jumping events. Ten elite jumpers were studied. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected for at least four complete trials in the same competition for each athlete. The loss in horizontal velocity and the gain in vertical velocity during each support phase were calculated for each trial. The loss in horizontal velocity was found to be a linear function of the gain in vertical velocity. The slope of this linear function, A1, is referred to as the horizontal-to-vertical velocity conversion coefficient. The loss in horizontal velocity increased as the gain in vertical velocity increased. The sensitivity of the loss in horizontal velocity to the gain in vertical velocity increased as the magnitude of A1 increased. Further studies are required on the optimum techniques of the triple jump.
Transport-based equivalent circuit for semiconductor nanoparticle in terahertz frequency range

By consideration of the physical process of charge carrier motion and lattice polarisation, an equivalent circuit for a semiconductor nano-particle in the terahertz frequency range is obtained. All circuit elements are of electrical nature and can be directly expressed in terms of material parameters. When the generalised admittance of the circuit is multiplied by the intensity of an externally applied field, the total induced dipole moment of the nanoparticle results, which is in good match to that given by field analysis and simulation. The readily obtained polarisability can serve as the basis of analysis for composite structures and aggregates of which the nanoparticle is a constituent.
Race and survival time with AIDS: a synthesis of the literature.

OBJECTIVE. This study summarizes the evidence concerning the association of Black and White race with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) survival time. METHODS. English-language articles measuring survival time with AIDS for Black and White persons were reviewed. Each article was assigned to one of three groups based on the method of subject accrual. RESULTS. Of the nine eligible studies identified, five studies had inclusive methods of accruing study subjects, and four of these five showed decreased survival time among Black persons. In the studies with more restrictive accrual methods, survival time for Blacks was not decreased. CONCLUSIONS. Although the published studies vary in their results, this variation appears to be systematic according to the method of accruing study subjects. If the accrual method serves to minimize socioeconomic differences between Blacks and Whites, there is no difference in survival time by race. However, if a more inclusive method is used, a significant decrease in A...
Self-sensing of carbon nanofiber concrete columns subjected to reversed cyclic loading

Civil infrastructures are generally a country's most expensive investment, and concrete is the most widely used material in the construction of civil infrastructures. During a structure's service life, concrete ages and deteriorates, leading to substantial loss of structural integrity and potentially resulting in catastrophic disasters such as highway bridge collapses. A solution for preventing such occurrences is the use of structural health monitoring (SHM) technology for concrete structures containing carbon nanofibers (CNF). CNF concrete has many structural benefits. CNF restricts the growth of nanocracks in addition to yielding higher strength and ductility. Additionally, test results indicate a relationship between electrical resistance and concrete strain, which can be well utilized for SHM. A series of reinforced concrete (RC) columns were built and tested under a reversed cyclic loading using CNF as a SHM device. The?SHM device detected and assessed the level of damage in the RC columns, providing a real-time health monitoring system for the structure's overall integrity.
Preston Tube Calibrations and Direct Force Floating Element Measurements in a Two-Dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layer

Preston tubes provide a convenient means of estimating local wall shear stress. Practical difficulties arise from a lack of calibration data obtained in turbulent boundary layer flows and from the wide choice of calibration equations available mainly from pipe flow calibrations. The results of an experimental study comparing a large number of direct force local wall shear stress measurements in a near-zero pressure gradient two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer flow are presented. The results indicate that there is consistent and excellent agreement between the Patel intermediate calibration formula and the direct force measurements. Typical differences among the direct force measurements and several other proposed calibration equations are also shown.
Development of a Kinetic Model To Describe the Effective Rate of Antibody Oxidation by Periodate

The oxidation of antibody carbohydrate residues by periodate is a common approach used for site-specific antibody modification and immobilization. This study sought to develop a general kinetic model that could be used to describe the effective rate of this oxidation for process control. A detailed analysis of previous data collected for rabbit immunoglobulin G in the presence of excess periodate indicated that the reaction followed a pseudo-first-order mechanism in which two general classes of sites were being oxidized. The first class of sites was oxidized fairly rapidly (i.e., within 15−30 min), while the second class of sites reacted over the course of several hours. From these results, an equation was developed that gave a good fit under a variety of reaction conditions to the production of oxidized sites available for coupling with a hydrazide label. On the basis of this equation, data obtained at several periodate concentrations under the same pH and temperature conditions were used to estimate the...
The structure of equiatomic NiTi, CuTi, NiZr and CuZr prepared by mechanical alloying

Abstract Amorphous powders of Ni50Ti50, Cu50Ti50, Ni50Zr50, and Cu50Zr50 were prepared by mechanical alloying of elemental powders in a Spex 8000 high-energy mixer/mill for 24 h. The structure of the alloyed powder was characterized using X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. The X-ray patterns of the milled samples indicated that the mechanical alloys were amorphous, and that they were similar to corresponding alloys prepared by melt-spinning and by proton irradiation. The total X-ray structure factor [S(Q)]x is dominated by the topological short-range order (TSRO). The S(Q) functions of NiZr and CuZr are remarkably similar, while the S(Q) of the zirconium alloys exhibited a broader first peak than those of the titanium alloys. Also, the titanium-containing samples have their first peak at higher Q-values than the zirconium-containing samples ( ∼ 2.9 A − vs. ∼ 2.7 A − ). Both the X-ray and neutron patterns indicate that there were still some crystalline phases present in the amorphous zirconium alloy samples. Since titanium has a negative scattering length for neutrons, the total neutron structure factors [S(Q)]n of the titanium alloys are dominated by the chemical short-range order (CSRO), and the measured S(Q) indicate preference for unlike nearest neighbors in amorphous NiTi and CuTi.
From Good Student to Outcast: The Emergence of a Classroom Identity

The process of social identification draws on heterogeneous resources from several levels of explanation. This article illustrates how, by describing the identity development of one student across an academic year in a ninth-grade classroom. Analyses of transcribed classroom conversations show teachers and students drawing on multiple resources as this student goes from being identified as one of many good students to being identified as a disruptive outcast. This case provides a counterexample to simple theories of identity development that do not recognize the multiple, heterogeneous resources involved in social identification.
On the asymptotic behavior of the derivatives of Airy functions

We present a noniterative functional solution to the three‐term recursion relation satisfied by the higher order derivatives of the Airy function. This solution allows one to obtain the asymptotic behaviors of these derivatives for large argument and also for large order.
Establishing experiences to develop a wisdom of professional practice

This study evaluated students' perceptions of two types of instructional materials focused on engineering professionalism: a passage of advice about professionalism and the same passage with a video enacting the advice. The role of experience in learning about professionalism is discussed, with particular emphasis on how educational materials might be tailored to meet the needs of first-year and advanced undergraduates.
The effective concentrations of calcium and inorganic orthophosphate in salivary secretions.

Abstract The pH, ionic strength and the concentrations of ionic calcium and monohydrogen phosphate were determined on parotid and submandibular salivary secretions at varying rates of flow. The activity product, αCa 2+ × αHPO ) 4 2− , was compared with the presently known solubility of enamel in saliva. With the exception of a number of unstimulated parotid secretions, all samples studied were supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite. The submandibular secretions were more saturated than the parotid, and all secretions became more saturated with increase in flow rate. The results are discussed in relation to calcification processes occurring in the oral cavity.
Continuing medical education (Therapy): Etretinate therapy

Etretinate is a retinoid given orally for the treatment of psoriasis and many other dermatoses. Side effects are similar to the hypervitaminosis A condition. Etretinate represents a substantial advance in dermatologic therapy. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:267-91.)
Hydrogen molecules in the small dodecahedral cage of a clathrate hydrate: Quantum translation-rotation dynamics of the confined molecules

We report the results of a rigorous theoretical study of the quantum translation−rotation (T−R) dynamics of one, two, and three H2 and D2 molecules confined inside the small dodecahedral (H2O)20 cage of the sII clathrate hydrate. For a single D2 molecule, o- and p-D2, in the small cage, accurate quantum five-dimensional (5D) calculations of the T−R energy levels and wave functions are performed by diagonalizing the 5D Hamiltonian which includes explicitly, as fully coupled, all three translational and the two rotational degrees of freedom of D2, while the cage is taken to be rigid. These calculations provide a quantitative description of the quantum dynamics of D2 inside the small cage and enable comparison with our quantum 5D results for the encapsulated H2, p- and o-H2, published very recently. The ground-state properties of one, two, and three p-H2 and o-D2 molecules in the small cage are calculated rigorously using the diffusion Monte Carlo method, with the emphasis on the quantum dynamics of two conf...
Dipole-bound anions of ethylene glycol dimers. Theoretical ab initio study

Abstract Ab initio calculations have been performed to determine the electron affinity of the ethylene glycol molecule and its dimer. Although, as determined, the glycol molecule has only a marginal ability to bind an excess electron, the three glycol H-bonded dimers, whose structures were found in the calculations, have much higher electron affinity values. In all cases the excess electron is bound by the dipole field of the complex. The attachment of the excess electron lowers the relative energy differences between the three complexes, making their coexistence more probable.
Neutralizing antibody to viruses of poliomyelitis in sera of domestic animals.

Summary(1) The sera of cows and steers were shown to possess neutralizing substances in high titer against the viruses of poliomyelitis. These have been shown to be specific antibodies against the viruses of poliomyelitis. (2) The sera of horses, hogs and chickens also possessed modest neutralizing activity against the viruses of poliomyelitis. (3) The sera of dogs, cats, calves and lambs do not possess neutralizing activity against the viruses of poliomyelitis. (4) Attempts to isolate a virus from the bovine species that might explain the origin of these antibodies were unsuccessful. The antigenic stimulus giving rise to antibodies against the viruses of poliomyelitis remains unknown.
Adhesion in the stem cell niche: biological roles and regulation

Stem cell self-renewal is tightly controlled by the concerted action of stem cell-intrinsic factors and signals within the niche. Niche signals often function within a short range, allowing cells in the niche to self-renew while their daughters outside the niche differentiate. Thus, in order for stem cells to continuously self-renew, they are often anchored in the niche via adhesion molecules. In addition to niche anchoring, however, recent studies have revealed other important roles for adhesion molecules in the regulation of stem cell function, and it is clear that stem cell-niche adhesion is crucial for stem cell self-renewal and is dynamically regulated. Here, we highlight recent progress in understanding adhesion between stem cells and their niche and how this adhesion is regulated.
Correspondence between maternal and paternal parenting styles in early childhood.

Abstract The goal of the present study was to investigate perceived similarities and differences in parenting styles between mothers and fathers in the same family. The 56 parents of 28 preschool children independently completed the parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ) [Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Frost Olsen, S., & Hart, C. H. (2001). The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ). In B. F. Perlmutter, J. Touliatos, & G. W. Holden (Eds.), Handbook of family measurement techniques. Vol. 2: Instruments and index (p. 190). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage]. Results reveal only modest similarity in parenting styles used by two parents within the same home. Permissive (and to a lesser extent, authoritarian) parenting was somewhat positively associated across parents but no cross-informant association was found for authoritative parenting. Fathers perceive their spouses to be more authoritative, more permissive, and less authoritarian than themselves, whereas mothers only perceive themselves to be more authoritative than fathers. Parents who share similar parenting styles are more accurate at reporting on their spouses’ parenting styles than are parents with differing styles. Correspondence in parenting style across both parents in the home is important as are parental perceptions of similarity and differences in styles. Independent assessment of both mother's and father's parenting styles, and each parent's perception of their spouse's parenting appears needed in research and practical settings.
Enabling the Rapid Development and Adoption of Speech-User Interfaces

Speech-user interfaces offer truly hands-free, eyes-free interaction, have unmatched throughput rates, and are the only plausible interaction modality for illiterate users across the world, but they are not yet developed in abundance to support every type of user, language, or acoustic scenario. Two approaches present exciting opportunities for future research.
High-Stakes Testing and Discursive Control: The Triple Bind for Non-Standard Student Identities

The effects of high-stakes, standardized testing on the curriculum are discouraging the teaching of multicultural, anti-racist content. Test-influenced educational environments contribute to the reproduction of racial and cultural inequality in education. Using the lens of sociolinguistics, the author asserts that high-stakes, standardized tests ultimately exert a level of control over identities considered legitimate or illegitimate in classroom discourse.
Perpetration of Gay and Lesbian Partner Violence: A Disempowerment Perspective

Gay men and lesbians may experience domestic violence at rates as high as, or higher than heterosexuals, yet there is a noticeable absence of empirical research investigating this phenomenon. This study investigated same-sex partner violence from a disempowerment perspective to determine the influence of (a) individual characteristics, (b) family of origin factors, and (c) intimate relationship factors. A sample of 77 individuals in distressed relationships (40 gay men and 37 lesbians) were administered a series of quantitative measures in our project office. Data primarily were analyzed using two-way ANOVAs (gender×perpetrator of violence). The greatest number of differences between perpetrators and nonperpetrators was found in individual characteristics. Implications for practitioners working with gay men and lesbians experiencing partner violence are discussed.
The lean catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by solid carbonaceous materials

Abstract The reactions of O2, NOx and soot from diesel exhaust over Cu containing catalysts can significantly reduce soot and NOx emissions while producing N2 and CO2. We have evaluated the performance of Cu ion exchanged ZSM-5 and Cu adsorbed on granulated activated carbon (Cu-GAC) using GAC as a surrogate for soot in a packed bed reactor. CO, formed primarily by the oxidation of GAC with O2, appears to be a stable intermediate in the reduction of NO. With experimental parameters chosen to simulate diesel exhaust conditions, Cu-GAC is more effective than GAC mixed with Cu-ZSM-5, converting six times more NOx to N2 at 500°C at the representative gas hourly space velocity of 50,000. Both catalysts are poisoned by H2O and SO2. A mechanism is presented that is consistent with the experimental results.
Scheduling algorithms for conducting conflict-free measurements in overlay networks

Network monitoring is essential to the correct and efficient operation of ISP networks and the kind of applications they support, and active measurement is a key design problem in network monitoring. Unfortunately, almost all active probing algorithms ignore the measurement conflict problem: Active measurements conflict with each other - due to the nature of these measurements, the associated overhead, and the network topology - which leads to reporting incorrect results. In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling periodic QoS measurement tasks in overlay networks. We first show that this problem is NP-hard, and then propose two conflict-aware scheduling algorithms for uniform and non-uniform tasks whose goal is to maximize the number of measurement tasks that can run concurrently, based on a well-known approximation algorithm. We incorporate topological information to devise a topology-aware scheduling algorithm that reduces the number of time slots required to produce a feasible measurement schedule. Also, we study the conflict-causing overlap among overlay paths using various real-life Internet topologies of the two major service carriers in the US. Experiments conducted using the PlanetLab testbed confirm that measurement conflict is a real issue that needs to be addressed. Simulation results show that our algorithms achieve at least 25% better schedulability over an existing algorithm. Finally, we discuss various practical considerations, and identify several interesting research problems in this context.
Thrombolysis and Outcome of Young Stroke Patients Over the Last Decade: Insights From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Background A recent study found a trend toward increasing hospitalizations for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among young adults, raising concern for this subgroup. In the present study, we evaluated trends of use of thrombolysis and outcome among young adults (19-44 years of age) with AIS using a nationally representative administrative database. Methods Discharge data were obtained from Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2001 and 2009. Hospitalizations with a discharge diagnosis of AIS for patients 19 to 44 years of age were included. Use of thrombolysis was determined within this subset. The Cochran–Armitage test was used for trend analysis. Results Thrombolysis in young patients with AIS increased from 354 (1.84%) in 2001 to 1,237 (4.97%) in 2009 ( P P = .027) and significant increase in discharges to rehabilitation (3.42% in 2002 to 12.7% in 2009 [trend P P P = .39). Conclusions The rate of thrombolysis among young patients with AIS increased significantly between 2001 and 2009. A decrease in deaths with increased rehabilitation placements of young patients with AIS was noted over the last decade, suggesting improving outcomes. The lower rate of use of thrombolysis in rural hospitals may be improved with the widespread use of telestroke.
The Use of Water for Agricultural Irrigation

This paper summarizes the present position of agricultural spray irrigation in England and Wales, providing (a) national statistics and regional information, (b) the reasons why farmers irrigate, (c) the place of agriculture in the economy, and (d) the value of irrigation. A review of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food irrigation surveys highlights the important crops in terms of area and volume of water used, sources of water and storage, and application methods. The predictions for the future, including the effects of climate change are reviewed with examples of how farmers, the EA, and the agricultural industry, are helping to overcome problems..
The Materials On International Space Station Experiment (MISSE): First Results From MSFC Investigations

Marshall Space Flight Center worked with the Air Force Research Laboratory, Naval Research Laboratory, Langley Research Center, Glenn Research Center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, TRW, the Aerospace Corporation, Triton Systems, AZ Technology, Alion (formerly IITRI), ENTECH, and L'Garde to bring together the first external materials exposure experiment on International Space Station (ISS). MISSE re-uses hardware from the MEEP flown on the Russian space station Mir. MISSE has returned a treasure trove of materials data that will be useful not only for ISS but also for programs as diverse as the new Crew Exploration Vehicle, the James Webb Telescope, the Lunar Surface Access Module, the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program, High Altitude Airships, and solar sails. MISSE-1 and -2 (Figure 1) were attached to the Quest airlock on ISS for 4 years and were retrieved during STS-114. MISSE-3 and -4 were bumped fr-om STS-114 and are currently slated for deployment during STS-121. MISSE-5 (Figure 2) was deployed during STS-114.
Normal forms and joint numerical ranges of doubly commuting matrices

Abstract A normal form is derived for finite sets of doubly commuting matrices, under simultaneous unitary similarity. The matrices need not be normal, but they commute with each other and with the adjoints of each other. The normal form is further used to study joint numerical ranges of doubly commuting matrices.
Networked thermal imaging and intelligent video technology for border security applications

Thermal imaging plays an increasingly significant role in border & coastal security programs around the world. Recent advances in thermal imaging cameras are complimented by new system architectures based on IP networks and video analysis technology. These new technologies provide the user community with vast improvements in system performance and flexibility. This paper provides an overview of the technologies and the benefits they provide.
Magical and Medical Approaches to the Wandering Womb in the Ancient Greek World

The idea that the womb moved freely about a woman9s body causing spasmodic disease enjoyed great popularity among the ancient Greeks, beginning in the classical period with Plato and the Hippocratic writers and continuing on into the Roman and Byzantine periods. Armed with sophisticated analyses of the medical tradition and new texts pertaining to the magical, this essay describes how both approaches to the wandering womb develop side by side in mutual influence from the late classical period onwards. Of special interest will be the tendency in both traditions to imagine both demons and errant wombs as wild animals and to use fumigations to control both. It concludes with a discussion of the historical development of and consequences for the idea that women alone possessed an internal organ that was variously interpreted as a mechanically defective body-part, a sentient and passionate animal, and then finally a demon with malicious intent, who bites and poisons the female body. It also argues against the hypothesis or assumption that midwives or wet-nurses were the original source for the idea of the wandering womb, suggesting that the syndrome never fit comfortably into the category of gynecological illness, because the womb was not the site of disease, but rather a cause of spasmodic disease in other areas of the body.
Media Review: Organizational Theory in Higher Education

(2014). Media Review: Organizational Theory in Higher Education. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 340-342.
Social Control and Movement Outcome: The Case of Aim

Abstract The American Indian Movement (AIM) was one of several organizations within the modern Native American movement. We analyze AIM using current variants of resource mobilization approaches, new social movement theory and the political process model to explain the organization's rapid demise. We found AIM to be characterized by its urban roots, its militant tactics, and its efforts to produce a collective identity of pan-tribalism. We conclude that, because AIM was unable to foster a collective identity that could sustain the organization, the government's severe social control techniques were successful. The underlying cause of the state's repression of AIM was economic. AIM represented a threat to government and corporate interests in energy resources on land with Native American title.
Optimal activation and diffusion paths of perfect events in amorphous silicon

Knowledge of the dynamics in amorphous silicon that occurs through a sequence of discrete activated events is essential to predict many of the associated physical and chemical properties. Using the recently introduced nudged elastic band method of J\'onsson, Mills, and Jacobsen and a modified empirical Stillinger-Weber potential, we investigate, in detail, 802 perfect events generated with the activation-relaxation technique. We find that a large number of the high-energy events contain, in fact, two or more ``subevents.'' With this result included, the average barrier height goes down to about 3.0 eV, in line with experimental values and we also find that the bond-exchange mechanism of Wooten, Winer, and Weaire is, by far, the most important one for nondefect based dynamics in a-Si.
Continuous two-scale equations and dyadic wavelets

The objective of this paper is to investigate the solvability of a continuous two-scale (or refinement) equation and to characterize the solutions of the equation. In addition, the notion of continuous multiresolution analysis (or approximation), CMRA, generated by such a solution is introduced. Here, the notion of continuity follows from a standard engineering terminology, meaning that continuous-time instead of discretetime considerations are studied. This solution, also called a scalling function of the CMRA, gives rise to some dyadic wavelet, a notion introduced by Mallat and Zhong, for multilevel signal decompositions.
Transport and separation of proteins by ultrafiltration through sorptive and non-sorptive membranes

Abstract Measurement of transmembrane flux and apparent macrosolute rejection during unstirred ultrafiltration of aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and myoglobin (MYO) and their mixtures have been measured with non-sorptive (regenerated cellulose) and sorptive (polysulfone) membranes of equally rated “cut-off” (30 kDa) as functions of time, solute concentration, pressure, pH, ionic strength, and various conditions of membrane pretreatment. Permeate flux and solute rejection vary with time or permeate volume for both membranes in a manner consistent with accepted models of polarization and protein-layer buildup under these conditions. For the non-sorptive membrane, MYO rejection is low and flux relatively time-independent, while BSA rejection is high, and flux declines rapidly with time. Preexposure of this membrane to MYO or BSA solutions has no significant effect on membrane permeability or rejection. Filtration of binary protein mixtures with this membrane results in virtually unimpeded passage of MYO and nearly complete retention of BSA, allowing efficient separation of these macro-molecules; rejections are roughly the same as observed with single-solute measurements. Failure of the BSA polarization layer to significantly retard MYO permeation was unexpected, since it is at variance with the postulate that the gel layer of retained macrosolute will provide a barrier to transport of the smaller species. With the protein-sorptive polysulfone membrane, on the other hand, BSA rejection is nearly complete, while MYO rejection is low but finite. However, both flux and rejection of both solutes are significantly altered when both solutes are present in solution, and are also functions of such variables as solution ionic strength, protein concentration, pH, and the prior history of membrane-exposure to solutions of either protein. Such changes in operating conditions may either increase or decrease rejection of either protein. This indicates that (largely irreversible) adsorption of protein on and in the pores of such a membrane may control solute and solvent transport. Mechanisms to explain this behavior, based on consideration of protein sorption dynamics and conformational stability, are proposed.
An exploratory study of libraries and their managers: Management education for leaders of non‐traditional businesses

Where do library directors, and the librarians who perform various management functions as part of their work, receive their management training? A review of the curricula of 48 library school programs accredited by the American Library Association revealed that, for the most part, library managers need to be trained on the job. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study focused on the research question: Do ALA accredited library education programs properly prepare library students to enter management level positions within the library profession? Of the programs reviewed, 43.8% did not require a management-related course within its degree requirements. And 81.3% of the programs did not require an internship. A review of program syllabi revealed that only 58.3% of the management courses included human resource management and only 54.2% included strategy, planning and process. The results offered evidence that the library profession has not yet agreed upon the requirements for preparing future librarians for managerial positions. It is suggested that the accreditation requirements be revised in order to better prepare library school students for the role of manager
Embryo loss following GnRH-induced ovulation in anovulatory mares.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted using a 21-day GnRH analogue treatment regimen to induce ovulation in seasonally anovulatory mares. In Experiment 1, nontreated (n=20) and treated (n=83) mares were defined as having inactive ovaries (largest follicle≤15 mm) at the start of treatment (February). In Experiment 2, nontreated (n=7) and treated (n=10) mares were defined as having active ovaries (largest follicle 21 to 29 mm) at the start of treatment (April). Fewer mares ovulated that had inactive ovaries at the start of treatment compared to mares that had active ovaries (26% versus 70%). In mares that had inactive ovaries at the start of treatment, the pregnancy rate on Day 11 (ovulation=Day 0) was not different between treated ( 14 22 ; 64%) and nontreated ( 14 20 ; 70%) mares. However, the embryo-loss rate between Days 11 and 40 was significantly higher in treated ( 9 14 ; 64%) than in nontreated ( 1 14 ; 7%) mares. Losses tended to occur more frequently between Days 15 and 25. Averaged over Days 3 to 18, there was a significant main effect of group for the diameter of the largest follicle and for circulating concentrations of FSH, LH and progesterone in mares that had inactive ovaries at the start of treatment. The group effect was attributable to decreased mean values for each end point in treated mares, especially in treated mares that had embryo loss. A significant decrease in progesterone on Day 15 in treated mares with embryo loss corresponded to the first day that embryo loss was detected. In mares that had active ovaries at the start of treatment, pregnancy rate, embryo-loss rate, and ovarian and hormonal end points were not significantly different between the treated and nontreated mares. The results indicated that hormonal capacity was reduced and embryo-loss rate was high following GnRH-induced ovulation in mares that had inactive ovaries at the start of treatment.
Using Image Guidance Tracking during Balloon Catheter Dilation of Sinus Ostia

inusitis is one of the most common health problemsfacing Americans today. Sinus disease can usually bemanaged medically; however, when it is unresponsive tomedical therapy, surgical intervention may be warranted.Sinus surgery has evolved from destructive, open surgicalprocedures to minimally invasive, mucosal-sparing opera-tions. In the appropriate individual, catheter-based devicesmay be used to open sinus ostia and restore normal functionand drainage while preserving normal mucosal tissue. Al-though there are studies reporting safety and feasibility ofthe technique,
Pituitary apoplexy after leuprolide injection for ovum donation.

Patients with occult pituitary adenomas infrequently present with pituitary apoplexy. Precipitation of pituitary apoplexy by gonadotropin releasing hormone or gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists has been described. The pathophysiologic mechanism by which these agents induce apoplexy remains unclear. We describe a case of pituitary apoplexy in a young woman receiving leuprolide in preparation for ovum donation. Severe hyponatremia, cerebral vasospasm and infarction, and diabetes insipidus complicated this patient's prolonged hospital course. To our knowledge, pituitary apoplexy after gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist use for ovum donation has not been previously described. The use of leuprolide or other gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists for pituitary down-regulation in conjunction with ovarian stimulation can have serious consequences in women harboring unrecognized pituitary adenomas. Thorough endocrine screening should be performed prior to initiating therapy.