cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Constant Temperature on Longevity of Adult Southern Pine Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

We studied the periods of time that newly emerged southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, lived without food at 10 constant temperatures between 10 and 41°C. Two hundred or more adults were tested at each temperature to obtain mean longevities and longevity distributions. At 10 and 12.5°C, average longevity was about 18 days. Above 12.5°C, these times decreased exponentially to about 1 day at 41°C. Females lived longer than males held at the same temperature. There was considerable variability in average longevity for replicate experiments; the causes for this variability are discussed. Longevity distributions changed from near uniform at the lower temperatures to peaked at the higher temperatures. The data were described mathematically using a two-component model. First, an exponential function described adult dying rates (inverse of mean longevities) as a function of temperature. Second, an empirical distribution function described the cumulative percentage of beetles dying over physiological time. It is noteworthy that on a physiological time scale, one temperature-independent distribution described the data reasonably well. The combined rate and distribution functions adequately predicted the percentage of mortality of a cohort over calendar time.
STRENGTHS-BASED LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT: INSIGHTS FROM EXPERT COACHES

There is a growing trend in which coaches are using a strengths-based approach to help leaders move from fair leadership performance toward greater capacities. Although a number of strengths assessments are popular now, there is not enough research on how strengths mature in a long-term, sustainable
Patterns of care and outcomes in patients with intracranial hemangiopericytomas: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) experience

e13011 Background: Intracranial hemangiopericytomas are rare primary brain tumors with a tendency to metastasize. Available literature is restricted to small series of patients, and little is known regarding optimal clinical management and disease course, particularly in the targeted therapy era. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients with intracranial hemangiopericytoma seen at MSKCC from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2008. Patients were included if histology was reviewed at MSKCC, and if clinical information was deemed sufficient for the analysis. Results: A total of 32 patients met inclusion criteria. The median age was 43 (range 24–68), median KPS was 80 (range 70–100), 17 were women. Disease was metastatic at presentation in only one patient. Initial treatment consisted of surgical resection in all patients (gross total resection: 14 patients, partial resection: 7, equivocal/unknown extent of surgery: 11). Adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery was given to 21 patients. The median progressi...
Function and Management of E-reading Room in Forestry Research Institutions

Information network provides a platform for resource sharing.Forestry science research information paves a way for saving research resources,broadening study fields,deepening target content as well as choosing promising topics for studying basic forestry theories and practical technologies.To speed up construction of e-reading rooms for forestry science research institutions may lay solid foundation for accelerating digital forestry construction,forestry technology transformation and realization of forestry ecology sustainable development.
Clastic reservoir characteristics of Yingcheng formation in the Shiwu faulted depression of southern Songliao Basin

Reservoir characteristics of Yingcheng Formation in Shiwu faulted depression of southern Songliao Basin are analyzed from the petrology,pore types and structure,petrophysics,diagenesis and its influence factors for clastic reservoir etc.It is indicated that the textural and compositional maturation of the reservoir is low.There are three kinds of pores,such as:remainder intergranular pore,secondary pore and fissure.The secondary pores are major reservoir pore space.Ultra-low permeability uniform micro-fine throat and ultra-low permeability relatively uniform micro-fine throat are major pore throats with little connectivity.The primary pores are damaged by compaction,carbonate cements,replacement,clay minerals and quartz overgrowths,which is the main causes of the poor physical properties.There exist three secondary pores zones vertically,which have the good corresponding relations with organic acids high-value zone.But denudation of the reservoir rocks can improve the physical properties of the physical properties.
Pancreatic function testing. Methods to identify exocrine insufficiency.

PreviewPancreatic function testing is indicated in situations where chronic disease is suspected despite normal or equivocal results on radiologic imaging. A number of the diagnostic methods currently available simplify the evaluation process because they measure function indirectly and do not require gastrointestinal intubation. However, this advantage must be weighed against the fact that the sensitivity of these tests is lower than that of direct tests, particularly in patients with milder grades of pancreatic insufliciency. Dr Gilinsky gives an overview of recent research surrounding the methods and clinical applications of pancreatic exocrine function testing.
Atomic childhood around 1980

In On Hashish, Walter Benjamin writes that he would “like to write something that comes from things the way wine comes from grapes.” Here I try a similar project by squeezing things from my past that have been fermented over time with memory to show the intoxication of an atomic childhood. I take as the starting point objects and spaces from my experiences in and around the atomic city of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, which may or may not be shared by others who encountered atomic Appalachia. Stretching beyond my own experience, I seek to add to the growing body of thinking about the connections between materiality and memory by adding the atomic as a dynamic example of matter’s vibrancy.
The effect of secretin, glucagon, and duodenal acidification on pepsin secretion in man.

The stomachs of human subjects were continuously irrigated with 100 mM HCl and the gastric aspirate analyzed for pepsin content. Intravenous injection of pure, natural secretin and perfusion of the duodenum with 100 mM HCl strongly stimulated pepsin secretion. Intravenously injected glucagon, whose structure resembles secretin, had no effect on pepsin secretion.
Art/Science & Big Data: Parts 1, 2 and 3

Abstract The essay materials abstracted below present a look at Big Data and a review of the role the arts play in the evolution of the human species and the collective, cumulative project of assembling scientific and artistic knowledge: Part 1: how art and science are similar; Part 2: how their approach to “knowing” differs and how together they create knowledge; and Part 3: how these systems of knowing apply to the transformations activated by the digital revolution of the past 25 years. In concert, art and science might enable a collective human response sufficiently resilient to survive the natural and cultural challenges ahead. These essays start with the observation that art and science are the primary, interlocked and essential components in the production of human knowledge: Art and science are distinct and intertwined, two elements of a single compound. By the conclusion of the essays it starts to emerge that art contains the sciences by virtue of being the unmoored, radical vanguard in collectiv...
Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices Methodology and the Digital Turn

This chapter addresses the digital turn in relation to self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (S-STEP) methodology. As we turn, we wonder how S-STEP methodology supports the work of teacher educators and what that support looks like particularly as we consider learning with technology and researching with technology. We know that S-STEP methodology can contribute to the professional work of teacher educators; that this methodology captures particular lives, experiences, and practice within the educational world. Consequently, we explore how we might consider how as teachers and teacher educators we can use this methodology when we engage with students in online environments and study our practice. We recognize the breadth of these areas – teaching students about technology, using technology to improve learning, and employing technology to support the study of our practice and focus specifically on the ways to use technology to strengthen and empower our research.
Testing the gravitational inverse-square law

Nothing seems more certain than the "fact" that there are three dimension of space. But can we be sure that there are only three dimensions? Imagine a tightrope walker balancing on a cable high above the ground. To the tightrope walker the cable is effectively a 1D object, because he only needs one coordinate to specify his position as he walks back and forth. But an ant, for instance, sees the cable as a 2D object, because it can crawl along and also around the cable.
A multicenter open-label phase II study of the efficacy and safety of palbociclib a cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitor in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

5557Background: Deregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) – p16 – Rb signaling pathway is commonly found in ovarian cancer (OC). Palbociclib is an inhibitor of CDK4/6 and was re...
Effective Instruction in Higher Education

This study analyzes the perceptions of 100 students regarding effective instruction in higher education.Â Participants in the study were upper classman who have maintained a 2.5 grade point average and represent varying colleges across Texas A&M University-Kingsville.Â TAMU-K is a South Texas state university of about 6000 students, located 160 miles southeast of San Antonio.Â The city of Kingsville has an ethnically and culturally diverse population of approximately 26,000.
Elucidating Escherichia coli Proteoform Families Using Intact-Mass Proteomics and a Global PTM Discovery Database

A proteoform family is a group of related molecular forms of a protein (proteoforms) derived from the same gene. We have previously described a strategy to identify proteoforms and elucidate proteoform families in complex mixtures of intact proteins. The strategy is based upon measurements of two properties for each proteoform: (i) the accurate proteoform intact-mass, measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and (ii) the number of lysine residues in each proteoform, determined using an isotopic labeling approach. These measured properties are then compared with those extracted from a catalog of theoretical proteoforms containing protein sequences and localized post-translational modifications (PTMs) for the organism under study. A match between the measured properties and those in the catalog constitutes an identification of the proteoform. In the present study, this strategy is extended by utilizing a global PTM discovery database and is applied to the widely studied model organism Es...
Plant cell surface molecular cypher: Receptor-like proteins and their roles in immunity and development.

Abstract Plant receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are a family of transmembrane receptors which are distinguished from receptor-like kinases (RLKs) by their lack of a cytoplasmic kinase domain. RLPs continue to be implicated in a broad range of plant immunological and developmental processes as critical sensors or participants in receptor complexes on the plasma membrane. RLPs often associate with RLKs to activate or attenuate signal perception and relay. Some RLPs also physically cluster with RLKs and bear similar expression patterns. Here, we discuss the characteristics, function, and expression of characterized RLPs in the context of their associated RLKs in plant immunity and development.
Automatic state abstraction from demonstration

Learning from Demonstration (LfD) is a popular technique for building decision-making agents from human help. Traditional LfD methods use demonstrations as training examples for supervised learning, but complex tasks can require more examples than is practical to obtain. We present Abstraction from Demonstration (AfD), a novel form of LfD that uses demonstrations to infer state abstractions and reinforcement learning (RL) methods in those abstract state spaces to build a policy. Empirical results show that AfD is greater than an order of magnitude more sample efficient than just using demonstrations as training examples, and exponentially faster than RL alone.
Treating Diabetes: Cardiovascular Benefits of Antidiabetes Drugs

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that, if untreated, can result in macrovascular and microvascular complications. Lowering blood glucose levels primarily reduces microvascular risk; other treatment strategies are necessary to lower the risk for macrovascular disease. Because most patients with diabetes die of macrovascular disease, it is vitally important that patients with diabetes receive aggressive therapies to lessen this risk. It has been found that the risk for macrovascular complications begins even earlier than the risk for microvascular complications. Therefore, patients with insulin resistance (now called prediabetes) should be identified and treated to lower their risk of cardiovascular disease and reduce their risk for progression to diabetes. Two cases are reviewed--a patient with prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome, and a second patient with type 2 diabetes and advanced cardiovascular disease. A review of potential cardiovascular therapies is included.
Circulating Biomarkers From the Phase 1 Trial of Sirolimus and Autophagy Inhibition for Patients With Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Background We have previously conducted the Sirolimus and Autophagy Inhibition in LAM (SAIL) trial, a phase 1 dose-escalation study of the combination of sirolimus and hydroxychloroquine in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). The goal of the present study was to analyze sera from the SAIL trial to identify novel biomarkers that could shed light into disease pathogenesis and response to therapy. Methods We used the DiscoveryMAP platform from Rules Based Medicine to simultaneously measure 279 analytes in sera collected at each visit from subjects enrolled in the SAIL trial. We used longitudinal regression and pathway analysis to examine analyte rate of change and corresponding effect on lung function and to identify networks and potential nodes of interest. Results A total of 222 analytes were included in the analysis. We identified 32 analytes that changed over the treatment period of the study. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in cytokine-receptor interaction and mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin-related pathways, in addition to seemingly unrelated processes such as rheumatoid arthritis. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins analysis identified two hubs centered around acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha and beta and coagulation factor II. In addition, we identified vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and CCL21 as molecules significantly associated with changes in FEV1 during the study period. Conclusions We performed a large-scale analyte study in sera of women with LAM and identified potential markers that could be linked to disease pathogenesis, lung injury, and therapeutic response. These data will enable future investigation into the specific roles of these molecules in LAM. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No. NCT01687179 ; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov ).
Emerging Research on the Implications of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Coronary Heart Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is known to be an increasing cause of mortality among women, particularly postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a topic that has been investigated over the past decade for its known impact on the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the evidence and current opinion on the associations between HRT and CVD, evidence both supporting and against HRT use as a prevention to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). The majority of the new data available suggests the use of HRT has the potential to be more beneficial in the prevention of CVD if started in women at younger ages. Current studies also suggest that while starting HRT in older postmenopausal women may be associated with an initial slight increase in CVD, the overall lifetime occurrence rate is not increased. Several studies have also started to use the “timing hypothesis” to suggest that HRT initiated soon after menopause has the potential of being the greatest cardiovascular benefit to the patient. Overall, the data support the finding that HRT should be used only for symptomatic treatment, not in an attempt to slow progression of CVD. Current evidence does not support the use of HRT for either primary or secondary prevention of CHD. HRT has different implications based on the temporal relationship in which it is initiated in relation to the onset of menopause. Overall, the use of HRT should be an individualized decision with each patient on the basis of the individual’s symptoms and overall risk profile.
Effect of slag, silica fume, and metakaolin on properties and performance of alkali-activated fly ash cured at ambient temperature

Abstract Alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) is usually cured at elevated temperature, which limits its wide field applications. However, several studies have shown that properties of AAFA cured at ambient temperature can be significantly improved by incorporating different cementitious additives. This research investigated the impact of substituting a small portion of fly ash with different potential cementitious additives such as slag, metakaolin, and silica fume on various properties of AAFA mixtures at ambient curing conditions. Toward that end, several experimental observations including workability, geopolymerization heat released, compressive strength, Young’s modulus, electrical resistivity, chloride permeability, and pore structure distribution were made. The effects of alkaline solution concentration combined with the different chemical compositions on mechanical properties and permeability characteristics were also investigated. An ordinary Portland cement was also included in the testing program as a comparative reference. Test results showed that the AAFA mixtures exhibited lower heat as compared to ordinary Portland cement mixture, and the results of heat evolution were in line with early-age strength development. The inclusion of metakaolin resulted in a significant improvement in the early strength and stiffness. The inclusion of slag led to the improvement of the mechanical and permeability properties of AAFA cured at ambient temperature, and the effect of sodium silicate (SS) to sodium hydroxide (SH) solution ratio was found to be more profound when the slag was used as an additive. Incorporating silica fume in the AAFA mixtures decreased the mechanical properties and increased the volumetric percentage of large capillary pores.
Detailed Speciation of Intermediate Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compound Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles: Effects of Cold-Starts and Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

Over the past two decades vehicle emission standards in the United States have been dramatically tightened with the goal of reducing urban air pollution. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is the dominant contributor to urban organic aerosol. Experiments were conducted at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit Laboratory to characterize exhaust organics from 20 gasoline vehicles recruited from the California in-use fleet. The vehicles spanned a wide range of emission certification standards. We comprehensively characterized intermediate volatility and semivolatile organic compound emissions using thermal desorption two-dimensional gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry with electron impact (GC × GC-EI-MS) and vacuum-ultraviolet (GC × GC-VUV-MS) ionization. Single-ring aromatic compounds with unsaturated C4 and C5 substituents contribute a large fraction of the intermediate volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions in gasoline vehicle exhaust. The analyses of quartz filters used in GC × GC-VUV-MS sho...
Balloon-Occluded Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center US Preliminary Experience

This report describes a single-center experience with balloon-occluded transarterial chemoembolization for liver-directed therapy. A total of 26 patients (11 male, 4 female; mean age, 65 y ± 7) with 28 tumors (mean diameter, 2.7 cm; range, 1.1-5.9 cm) were treated. Technical success rate was 100% (28 of 28 cases), with 1 minor complication of left portal vein thrombosis and small liver infarct. Of the 15 tumors analyzed for response, 60% (9 of 15) exhibited complete response, 33.3% (5 of 15) exhibited partial response, and 6.6% (1 of 15) had stable disease on follow-up. Eight patients exhibited overall progression with a new hepatic lesion and a median time to progression of 7.9 months (range, 5-11 mo).
Deep learning in computational microscopy

We propose to use deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to perform 2D and 3D computational imaging. Specifically, we investigate three different applications. We first try to solve the 3D inverse scattering problem based on learning a huge number of training target and speckle pairs. We also demonstrate a new DCNN architecture to perform Fourier ptychographic Microscopy (FPM) reconstruction, which achieves high-resolution phase recovery with considerably less data than standard FPM. Finally, we employ DCNN models that can predict focused 2D fluorescent microscopic images from blurred images captured at overfocused or underfocused planes.
A Novel, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Combination for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infections

Bacterial keratitis causes significant blindness, yet antimicrobial resistance has rendered current treatments ineffective. Polymyxin B-trimethoprim (PT) plus rifampin has potent in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two important causes of keratitis. Here we further characterize this combination against P. aeruginosa in a murine keratitis model. PT plus rifampin performed comparably to or better than moxifloxacin, the gold standard, suggesting that the combination may be a promising therapy for bacterial keratitis.
Highly non-linear and reliable amorphous silicon based back-to-back Schottky diode as selector device for large scale RRAM arrays

In this work, we present silicon process compatible, stable and reliable (>108 cycles), high non-linearity ratio at a half-read voltage (>5 × 105), high speed (<60 ns), and low operating voltage (<3V) back-to-back Schottky diodes. Materials choice of electrode, the thickness of semiconductor layer and doping level are investigated by numerical simulation, experiments and current-voltage equations to give a general design consideration when back-to-back Schottky diodes are used as selector device for Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) arrays.
Gain‐Loss Framing Enhances Mnemonic Discrimination in Preschoolers

Episodic memory relies on discriminating among similar elements of episodes. Mnemonic discrimination is relatively poor at age 4, and then improves markedly. We investigated whether motivation to encode items with fine-grain resolution would change this picture of development, using an engaging computer-administered memory task in which a bird ate items that made her healthier (gain frame), sicker (loss frame), or led to no change (control condition). Using gain-loss framing led to enhanced mnemonic discrimination in 4- and 5-year-olds, but did not affect older children or adults. Despite this differential improvement, age-related differences persisted. An additional finding was that loss-framing led to greater mnemonic discrimination than gain-framing across age groups. Motivation only partially accounts for the improvement in mnemonic discrimination.
Impact of Savoring Ability on the Relationship Between Older Adults’ Activity Engagement and Well-Being:

The relationship between activity engagement and well-being can vary based on individual characteristics, and it is important to identify moderating factors to support the development and implementation of aging services. The current study examined whether the relationship between activity engagement and well-being depends on older adults' savoring ability, that is, the ability to attend to positive experiences and to engage in emotion regulation strategies to enhance positive feelings during those experiences. A total of 5,128 older adults (Mage = 83.86 years) completed measures of activity engagement, savoring, and well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, depression, loneliness, purpose, and health). Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that activity engagement and savoring independently predicted better functioning across all well-being measures. However, savoring moderated the relationship between activity engagement and four well-being measures (life satisfaction, depression, loneliness, and purpose). Findings suggest that older adults with low activity engagement may particularly benefit from savoring-skills training to enhance their psychological well-being.
Preventing Robot Abuse through Emotional Robot Responses

My research concerns group influence and prosocial behavior in a Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) context. My collaborators and I created and ran an experiment (N = 30) to measure if the emotional responses of a group of robots could induce participants to take prosocial action against robot abuse. Participants completed a collaborative block-building task with a confederate, during which the confederate abused one robot after it made mistakes. We measured participants' responses to these events. The results of the study indicate that humans are more likely to prosocially intervene when the bystander robots react in sadness as opposed to when they ignore the abuse. They motivate further research on social influence and group dynamics within HRI.
Where to Live and Work? Examining the Influence Of job and Community Characteristics On Post-graduation Plans among Physician Assistant Students

Physician assistants are one way to address the healthcare provider shortage in rural areas. However, recruitment and retention of physician assistants to live and work in rural communities remain a challenge. One's relationship to his or her hometown, be it rural or not, has important implications for who might be willing to live and work in a rural community. The purpose of this research was to examine factors influencing physician assistant students’ desire to return to their hometowns to live and work after graduation. Data were collected in 2016 and 2017 through a survey administered to physician assistant students (n=149) in a PA program at a Midwestern University. Survey questions examined hometown connections, community features, and job expectations, as well as desire to return to one's hometown. Students who grew up in rural communities reported lower levels of community satisfaction and were less likely to perceive that jobs were available in their hometowns. A series of regression models were run to examine the impact of hometown connections, community characteristics and evaluation, and job characteristics in predicting interest in returning to hometown while controlling for the effects of age and gender. Coming from a rural, suburban, or urban hometown did not significantly predict desire to return when controlling for respondents' evaluation of their hometowns. The strongest predictor of willingness to return to one's hometown was community attachment. Understanding the factors that impact physician assistant students’ post-graduation plans may inform efforts to recruit and retain rural health care providers. Keywords: Physician assistants, rural health care, community attachment, rural youth, rural outmigration, health care shortages, medical provider recruitment
Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast

Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose–response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of “background” induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
SIME: synthetic insight-based macrolide enumerator to generate the V1B library of 1 billion macrolides.

We report on a new cheminformatics enumeration technology—SIME, synthetic insight-based macrolide enumerator—a new and improved software technology. SIME can enumerate fully assembled macrolides with synthetic feasibility by utilizing the constitutional and structural knowledge extracted from biosynthetic aspects of macrolides. Taken into account by the software are key information such as positions in macrolide structures at which chemical components can be inserted, and the types of structural motifs and sugars of interest that can be synthesized and incorporated at those positions. Additionally, we report on the chemical distribution analysis of the newly SIME-generated V1B (virtual 1 billion) library of macrolides. Those compounds were built based on the core of the Erythromycin structure, 13 structural motifs and a library of sugars derived from eighteen bioactive macrolides. This new enumeration technology can be coupled with cheminformatics approaches such as QSAR modeling and molecular docking to aid in drug discovery for rational designing of next generation macrolide therapeutics with desirable pharmacokinetic properties.
Triblock-Diblock Composite Nanoassemblies with Sequentially Addressable Host-Guest Properties for Hydrophobics and Hydrophilics.

Noncovalent encapsulation of multiple guest molecules with distinct physiochemical properties, especially hydrophilic and hydrophobic guests, into a single polymeric nanoassembly is challenging, bu...
Application of the Spider Limb Positioner to Subscapular System Free Flaps.

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the application and surgical time savings of the Spider Limb Positioner for subscapular system free flaps in head and neck reconstructive surgery. METHODS Single institution retrospective chart review and analysis of patients between 2011 and 2019 that underwent a subscapular system free flap either with or without use of the Spider Limb Positioner. One hundred five patients in total were reviewed with 53 patients in the Spider group. The surgical times were compared between the two groups. Patient-specific information regarding average age, laterality of donor site, recipient site, gender, and flap type were reviewed. RESULTS Forty-one patients in both groups underwent a latissimus free flap. Twelve of 53 in the Spider group and 11/52 in the control group underwent a scapula free flap. The average age in the Spider group at the time of surgery was 64 years. The recipient sites for the Spider groups were reviewed. The free flap was ipsilateral to the defect in 81% of cases. The mean surgical time for the 105 patients without the Spider was 568 minutes versus 486 minutes with a Spider P-value of .003478. CONCLUSION Use of the Spider Limb Positioner allows for a simultaneous two-team approach during free flap elevation of the subscapular system, which eliminates both dependence on an assistant to support the arm and time consuming positioning changes during flap elevation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:525-528, 2021.
Biplanar Videoradiography to Study the Wrist and Distal Radioulnar Joints.

Accurate measurement of skeletal kinematics in vivo is essential for understanding normal joint function, the influence of pathology, disease progression, and the effects of treatments. Measurement systems that use skin surface markers to infer skeletal motion have provided important insight into normal and pathological kinematics, however, accurate arthrokinematics cannot be attained using these systems, especially during dynamic activities. In the past two decades, biplanar videoradiography (BVR) systems have enabled many researchers to directly study the skeletal kinematics of the joints during activities of daily living. To implement BVR systems for the distal upper extremity, videoradiographs of the distal radius and the hand are acquired from two calibrated X-ray sources while a subject performs a designated task. Three-dimensional (3D) rigid-body positions are computed from the videoradiographs via a best-fit registrations of 3D model projections onto to each BVR view. The 3D models are density-based image volumes of the specific bone derived from independently acquired computed-tomography data. Utilizing graphics processor units and high-performance computing systems, this model-based tracking approach is shown to be fast and accurate in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint biomechanics. In this study, we first summarized the previous studies that have established the submillimeter and subdegree agreement of BVR with an in vitro optical motion capture system in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint kinematics. Furthermore, we used BVR to compute the center of rotation behavior of the wrist joint, to evaluate the articulation pattern of the components of the implant upon one another, and to assess the dynamic change of ulnar variance during pronosupination of the forearm. In the future, carpal bones may be captured in greater detail with the addition of flat panel X-ray detectors, more X-ray sources (i.e., multiplanar videoradiography), or advanced computer vision algorithms.
Neurosyphilis with unique neuroimaging findings (P1.308)

Objective: Consider Neurosyphilis in differential of mesial temporal lobe white matter changes. Background: Common causes of temporal lobe hyperintensities are CNS infections like herpes simplex encephalitis, Lyme disease, limbic encephalitis and vascular pathology like CADASIL. Design/Methods: Personal assessment, laboratory data analysis and neuroimaging for the patient admitted in central Pennsylvania tertiary care referral center were done. CSF showed nucleated cells with lymphocytic pleocytosis. Lyme serologies, HSV and RPR (for history of sexual promiscuity) were sent. Work up with MRI showed hyperintensities in temporal white matter. Results: 52 year old male presented with one year history of diffuse dysesthesia in upper and lower extremities. Associated symptoms consisted of intermittent headaches and neck stiffness. Evaluation with Lumbar Puncture showed increased nucleated cells (50) with lymphocytic predominance (96%) and elevated protein of 109. MRI of Brain showed T2/FLAIR hyper intensity in bilateral subcortical temporal white matter, left greater than right and associated volume loss in cerebral parenchyma. Additional abnormal work up results included reactive serum RPR and Treponema pallidum antibody particle agglutination. Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis was made and patient was treated with Ceftriaxone for 3 weeks. At the time of discharge his headache and neck stiffness resolved, dysesthesias were decreased in intensity. MRI findings here revealed T2/FLAIR hyper intensities with generalized cerebral atrophy. In addition to MRI, the diagnosis is based on CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis, and reactive treponemal or non-treponemal test. Our patient had both mild atrophy and temporal changes. Conclusions: Neuroimaging findings of neurosyphilis commonly are cerebral infarctions, leptomeningeal enhancement or nonspecific white matter lesions. Less common features on a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences are cortical atrophy and mesial temporal parenchymal signal changes. It is prudent to keep Neurosyphilis in differential of mesial temporal lobe white matter changes as early diagnosis and treatment results in better prognosis. Study Supported by: None Disclosure: Dr. Tiwana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmed has nothing to disclose.
A multisite clinical trial of spectroscopic MRI-guided radiation dose escalation for newly-diagnosed glioblastomas.

2018Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult primary malignant brain tumor. These pts have poor outcomes [median overall survival (OS) 16 months] despite radiation therapy (RT) to ...
Performance of Carotid Revascularization Procedures as Modified by Sex.

BACKGROUND Current recommendations on carotid revascularization postulate that women have both increased perioperative risks, such as stroke and death, as well as reduced benefit from intervention. These recommendations do not include data on transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR). This study strives to compare safety and benefits of TCAR, TFCAS (Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting), and CEA (Carotid Endarterectomy) with regard to patient sex. METHODS We performed retrospective analysis of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) CEA and stenting registries, as well as TCAR Surveillance Project data. We compared outcomes after TCAR, TFCAS, and CEA based on sex. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital stroke or death. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital stroke, death, transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke/death/MI, stroke/TIA, and recurrent ipsilateral stroke and/or death at 1-year of follow-up. RESULTS A total of 75,538 patients were included, of which 28,960 (38.3%) were female and 46,578 (61.7%) were male. TFCAS females had more than 2 times higher odds of stroke/death (OR:2.85, 95%CI: 2.21-3.67, P < 0.001) and stroke/death/MI (OR:2.23, 95%CI:1.75-2.83, P < 0.001) when compared to CEA females. Odds of TIA were also higher in both TFCAS females (OR:2.01, 95%CI:1.19-3.42, P = 0.010) and TCAR females (OR:1.91, 95%CI:1.09-3.35, P = .023) when compared to CEA females. However, only TFCAS females experienced increased odds of stroke/TIA (OR:1.96, 95%CI:1.45-2.65, P < 0.001) when compared to CEA females. TFCAS males had almost twice the odds of stroke/death (OR:1.74, 95%CI:1.39-2.16, P < 0.001) and 44% higher odds of stroke/death/MI (OR:1.44, 95%CI:1.19-1.75, P < 0.001), and more than 3-times increased odds of death (OR:3.45, 95%CI:2.53-4.71, P < 0.001) when compared to CEA males. Odds of in-hospital stroke were comparable between TFCAS and CEA after adjusting for covariates. TCAR males have half the odds of MI when compared to CEA males (OR:0.52, 95%CI:0.34-0.80, P = 0.003). At 1-year TCAR had comparable risk of stroke/death while TFCAS had increased risk of stroke/death when compared to CEA among both males and females. CONCLUSION TCAR performed similarly to CEA in both sexes regardless of symptomatic status. Stroke/death and stroke/death/MI rates were similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic males and females treated by CEA or TCAR. The 1-year outcomes of TCAR were also comparable to CEA in both sexes. It seems that TCAR may be a safe alternative to CEA particularly in women when surgical risk prohibits CEA and while TFCAS is associated with substantial adverse outcomes.
The Economic Promise of Ecotourism for Conservation

Many conservationists have promoted ecotourism as a strategy to protect natural resources while also meeting human needs. The purpose of this study was to analyse effects of ecotourism on natural resource use and livelihoods in an indigenous community of 80 families in Peru. Household interviews and participant observation were used to track social and economic changes in the community as it partnered with a private tour company to build and co-manage an ecotourism lodge. Effects of ecotourism were measured among the same households before and after the lodge opened, and between households with varying levels of participation. The hypothesis that economic benefits from ecotourism would provide incentives for people to alter their livelihoods and change their uses of natural resources was tested. Results showed that ecotourism effects were ambiguous. Though employment led to a general decline in farming and hunting, new income enabled greater market consumption and expansion of production. Ecotourism also ...
Extensions of intelligent tutoring paradigms to support collaborative learning

Intelligent training systems with rich underlying knowledge in systematic form can readily be extended to incorporate collaborative learning possibilities. We have realized this as we have built two generations of intelligent coached practice environments for learning to diagnose failures of complex electronic systems. Using standard artificial intelligence and object-oriented programming approaches, we built a work domain simulation in which students could diagnose electronic system failures. Intelligent, context-sensitive advice is available, and it is tailored to a model of the student’s developing knowledge. Reflection opportunities after solving a problem include a variety of tools for examining one’s performance and comparing it to that of an expert. With this base, it is straightforward to extend self-critique to peer critique, to support teams of students working together, and to allow students to pose problems to each other. We discuss these possibilities and show what is needed to extend intelligent training systems to include them.
Fuzzy Kohonen clustering networks

The authors propose a fuzzy Kohonen clustering network which integrates the fuzzy c-means (FCM) model into the learning rate and updating strategies of the Kohonen network. This yields an optimization problem related to FCM, and the numerical results show improved convergence as well as reduced labeling errors. It is proved that the proposed scheme is equivalent to the c-means algorithms. The new method can be viewed as a Kohonen type of FCM, but it is self-organizing, since the size of the update neighborhood and the learning rate in the competitive layer are automatically adjusted during learning. Anderson's IRIS data were used to illustrate this method. The results are compared with the standard Kohonen approach. >
Effects of chemical substitution on the electronic spectra of aromatic compounds: Part III. A comparison of the methods of Labhart and Petruska for treating substituent perturbations

Abstract The method of Petruska, which gives frequency shift formulas for the electronic transitions of substituted molecules, dependent on the symmetry of the molecule and its electronic states, is compared with the method of Labhart, which gives frequency shift formulas without any knowledge of the symmetries of the states. It is found that Labhart's equation can be made identical to Petruska's equations for benzene and to Stevenson's equations for parabenzoquinone. Labhart's method is applied to the 1A-1Lb transition of benzene and gives good results despite some practical problems in application, but is found to be not so successful in its application to the parabenzoquinone 1A-1K transition. The “ortho effect” on the benzene spectrum is discussed.
Coaching: What Business and Social Researchers Need to Know About It

This paper explores the historical and current world of organizational coaching. Coaching is offered as a means of assistance to aid organizational leaders in effectively responding to the stressful external and internal demands associated with their positions or ones to which they aspire. Coaching is also discussed as a vehicle for improving individual and team performance as well as for actualizing a leader's inherrent potential. The work draws heavily upon current literature and practice in both the leadership and coaching fields. It also provides a review of relevant theory, contrasts the roles of leader and manager, defines executive coaching, and survey's its brief history. The paper concludes by noting important areas of linkagge between leadership and coaching, specifies the potential benefits for developing a viable connection, and identifies some of the complex issues yet to be resolved.