cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A National Overview of Reproductive Health Care Services for Girls in Juvenile Justice Residential Facilities

Purpose/Research Questions Adolescent girls involved in the juvenile justice system face a substantially higher risk for a host of reproductive health problems. This study is the first national overview of the extent to which Juvenile Justice Residential Facilities (JJRFs) are meeting their reproductive health needs. The primary focus is whether all girls/young women receive gynecologic services. Methods Data are from the 2004 Juvenile Residential Facility Census, an ongoing national institution-level data collection. Respondents include facility administrators and facility health care providers. Mixed-gender and girls-only facilities are included in these analyses ( n = 1,255). Main Findings Full population testing for pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases occurs in Conclusions Results indicate that most facilities can garner a few necessary services. However, contrary to recommendations of national organizations, the services tend to be provided in an ad hoc manner rather than to the full population of young women. Results of multivariate models predicting facility types most likely to provide full population services should be useful as leaders in the area retarget their recommendations to address this gap in services.
Pregnancy and Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common potentially serious medical problems to complicate pregnancy. Recent prevalence data suggest that up to 7% of pregnant women manifest asthma [1]. Managing asthma during pregnancy is unique because the effect of both the illness and the treatment on the developing fetus as well as the patient must be considered. In addition, pregnancy may alter the course of asthma. This chapter discusses the interrelationships between asthma and pregnancy, non-pharmacologic management of gestational asthma, and general and specific aspects of pharmacologic therapy during pregnancy.
Poled Polymeric Second Harmonic Generation Materials. Chemical Manipulation Of The Temporal Characteristics Of Electric Field-Induced Noncentrosymmetry

This contribution describes two approaches to the construction of polymeric non-linear optical materials with persistent second harmonic generation efficiency. In the first, poly(p-hydroxystyrene) is covalently functionalized with chromophores having large quadratic hyperpolarizabilities. Films of these polymers are poled at fields up to 1.8 MV/cm to yield materials with stable (on the timescale of months) second harmonic coefficients (d33) as high as 18 x 10-9 esu. In situ measurements indicate that field-induced chromophore alignment is rapid at temperatures substan-tially below Tg and that relaxation of the alignment is even more rapid upon removal of the field. Annealing of the films prior to poling enhances the stability of second harmonic generation and allows poling at higher fields. A second approach is to disperse chromophores in an uncured epoxy host and to then simultaneously cure and pole the resulting ensembles. This procedure also stabilizes preferential chromophore alignments for relatively long periods of time.
Synthesis of DOPA in rat stomach following ingestion of cereals

The cereal-containing chow routinely consumed by our laboratory rats contains both free dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA. When tyrosine-3H (1.8 μCi) was added to this food (0.5 g) and incubated for 2 hr, 1.26% of the tyrosine-3H was converted to DOPA-3H. When the tyrosine-3H was incubated with the gastric contents from an animal that had ingested the rat food, 0.8% of the tyrosine-3H was converted to DOPA. If the gastric contents were boiled prior to the incubation, or if the animals consumed a diet lacking cereals, little or no DOPA-3H was synthesized. The 24-hr excretion of free and conjugated dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was much higher among animals ingesting the cereal-containing rat food than among rats whose diet contained casein as the sole protein source. These findings suggest that the tyrosine-hydroxylating enzyme in cereals continues to catalyze DOPA synthesis within the lumen of the rat stomach.
Differential ontogeny of rat brain peptidases: prenatal expression of enkephalin convertase and postnatal development of angiotensin-converting enzyme.

Abstract We quantitated the levels of two peptidases in the developing rat brain as a means to determine their function. Enkephalin convertase (EC 3.4.17.10), a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme detected by [ 3 H]guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid (GEMSA) autoradiography, is present in high concentration throughout the brains of rat fetuses 3 days prior to birth. During the first 3 postnatal weeks, the density of [ 3 H]GEMSA-labeled enkephalin convertase drops to adult levels. The expression of enkephalin convertase prior to that of most neuropeptides supports a role for this enzyme in propetide processing. The regional distribution of [ 3 H]GEMSA binding is similar in fetal and adult rats except that the thalamus exhibits the highest levels of [ 3 H]GEMSA binding prenatally, and among the lowest levels in adult rats. Thus, peptide(s) formed in high concentration in the prenatal thalamus may be substrates for enkephalin convertase. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.14.15.1) was visualized in the perinatal period by [ 3 H]captopril autoradiography. Striatonigral ACE is undetectable at birth and increases to adult levels by two weeks of age. The expression of ACE after the initial presence of known peptides in the basal ganglia implies that the enzyme is not essential for peptide synthesis, suggesting instead a degradative role. In contrast to the striatonigral system, the choroid plexus contains high concentrations of ACE prior to birth, consistent with previous proposals of different substrates for ACE in the choroid plexus and the basal ganglia.
miR-1 Induces Growth Arrest and Apoptosis in Malignant Mesothelioma

Background We investigated microRNA expression profiles of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) specimens to identify novel microRNA that are potentially involved in the oncogenic transformation of human pleural cells. Methods microRNA microarray transcriptional profiling studies of 25 MPM primary tumors were performed. We used normal pleural tissue from an unmatched patient cohort as normal comparators. To confirm microarray data, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Representative cell lines H513 and H2052 were used in functional analyses of miR-1. Results In addition to several novel MPM-associated microRNAs, we observed that the expression level of miR-1 was significantly lower in tumors as compared with normal pleural specimens. Subsequently, pre-miR of miR-1 was introduced into MPM cell lines to overexpress this microRNA. Phenotypic changes of these altered cells were assayed. The cellular proliferation rate was significantly inhibited after overexpression of miR-1. Early and late apoptosis was increased markedly in miR-1-transfected cell lines. Taken together, these data suggested that overexpression of miR-1 induced apoptosis in these MPM cell lines, acting as a tumor suppressor. We confirmed our observations by assessing in the transduced MPM cells cell cycle-related, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic genes, which all showed coordinated, significant changes characteristic of the apoptotic phenotype. Conclusions Further investigation and validation of our microRNA database of MPM may elucidate previously unrecognized molecular pathways and/or mechanisms by identifying novel microRNAs that are involved in malignant transformation. Our study has now found miR-1 to be one of these MPM-associated microRNAs, with potential pathogenic and therapeutic significance.
Mechanism of depolarization in the ischaemic dog heart: discrepancy between T-Q potentials and potassium accumulation.

1. To study the origin of ischaemic myocardial depolarization, the diastolic surface potential - T-Q depression-was correlated with subepicardial extracellular K+ accumulation during serial episodes of widespread ischaemia in open-chest dogs, and in isolated, blood-perfused canine hearts. Placement of the reference electrode on a small island of non-ischaemic myocardium simplified the interpretation of the T-Q potentials. 2. In some experiments, changes in resting potential in the ischaemic zone were recorded using a 'contact' monophasic action potential (MAP) electrode. The change in MAP resting potential was linearly related to T-Q depression for a wide range of experimental conditions (R greater than 0.98). T-Q depression is therefore a linear index of depolarization in superficial myocardial cells. 3. The validity of T-Q depression as a 'measure' of local cellular depolarization was further tested by infiltration of isotonic KCl into the superficial myocardium subjacent to the ischaemic zone electrode. Resulting T-Q depression was 2- to 3-fold larger than the maximum values obtained in ischaemia; and the ratio of T-Q depression to the amplitude of the accompanying monophasic potential was consistent with the assumption that KCl had fully depolarized the underlying myocardium (delta Vm = 89 mV). KCl prevented (i.e. occluded) further changes in the T-Q potential during ischaemia. KCl did not have these effects if it was introduced at sites more remote from the electrode (greater than 4 mm). 4. Ischaemic T-Q depression was drastically accelerated by increasing the heart rate from 90 to 180 beats/min and was further accelerated by arterial infusion of CaCl2. These effects were most striking during the first minute of ischaemia. 5. In contrast, the above manoeuvres produced little acceleration of subepicardial K+ accumulation. After CaCl2 infusion, large ischaemic potentials, severe conduction impairment, and arrhythmias could be observed when K+ activity was almost normal (aK = 4.0-4.5 mM). 6. T-Q depression was larger in vivo than in isolated hearts, both absolutely and relative to K+ accumulation. 7. Based on the reproducible amplitude of ischaemic epicardial potential-estimates of cellular depolarization (delta Vm) could be obtained, which were compared with the concurrent change in K+ electrode potential (delta EK) for each experimental condition. 8. Estimated depolarization was nearly identical to delta EK in isolated hearts under basal conditions. However, depolarization significantly exceeded delta EK during rapid pacing, CaCl2 infusion, or during paced occlusions performed in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Perioral somesthetic sensibility: Do the skin of the lower face and the midface exhibit comparable sensitivity?

Studies of the perioral somatosensory capacities of neurologically normal adults were reviewed to determine whether sensitivities within the mental and infraorbital nerve distributions are comparable. It was found that tactile detection sensitivity, spatial acuity, and sensitivity to warmth are greater on skin sites located on the midface than on the lower face. In contrast, sensitivity to direction of motion and to differences in surface texture may be greater on skin sites located on the lower face. The literature further suggests that sensitivity within the distribution of each nerve varies appreciably. For example, the vermilion of the lips exhibits considerably greater vibrotactile detection sensitivity, spatial acuity, and sensitivity to direction of motion than does the perioral hairy skin. In addition, spatial acuity is notably greater on midline structures. These findings suggest that knowledge of the patterns of spatial variations in perioral tactile sensibilities can be effectively used during neurosensory examination to select control skin sites for comparison with areas of suspected neurosensory impairment and to distinguish apparent pathological alterations in tactile sensitivity from normal regional differences that characterize the perioral complex.
The oriented growth of precipitates on dislocations in Al-Zn-Mg—part I. Experimental observations

Abstract The weak-beam transmission electron microscope technique was employed to examine the precipitation of η phase laths on dislocation lines in Al-3.87 wt.% Zn-1.79 wt.% Mg. The use of this technique allowed the observation of fine-scale particles which were still in intimate contact with their catalyzing dislocations, and so would presumably most strongly reflect the role of dislocations during particle growth. The lath-like particles generally formed with their long axes (preferred growth directions) in the dislocation glide planes and parallel to the 〈110〉 matrix directions closest to the estimated initial orientations of the catalyzing defects. During these early stages of growth, the randomly oriented dislocations maintained contiguity with the lengthening particles by bending in their glide planes to accommodate the preferred growth directions of the particles. The misorientation angle between the 〈110〉 growth direction of a lath and the initial orientation of its associated dislocation was found to affect the particle growth kinetics: Laths growing at larger misorientation angles were found to be significantly shorter than those growing at smaller angles for the same aging time.
Effect of subband mixing on exciton binding energies in type-II quantum-well structures.

We have calculated the binding energies of the heavy-hole and the light-hole excitons in the GaAs-AlAs type-II quantum-well structures, taking into account the coupling of the confined electron subband states to the hole subband states, both confined and unconfined. Realistic finite potential barriers are used in the calculations. The inherent lack of reflection symmetry in the type-II quantum wells is shown to lead to a strong mixing of the electron and hole subband wave functions, and to an \ensuremath{\sim}0.5\char21{}2 meV increase in the binding energy of the heavy-hole exciton, and an \ensuremath{\sim}1\char21{}4 meV increase in that of the light-hole exciton. Such increases in the binding energies are attributed to the smaller average electron-hole distance caused by the modified electron and hole charge distributions in the vicinity of the GaAs-AlAs interface, which in turn is the result of mixing of the first electron and hole subbands with the spatially less confined wave functions of higher subbands.
Multiphoton dissociation of HeH + below the He + (1 s )+H(1 s ) threshold

We discuss the strong-field dynamics of HeH${}^{+}$, the simplest stable heteronuclear molecule, focusing on identifying a laser regime for which there is a sufficient dissociation signal for experimental measurement. We numerically solve the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation to obtain total dissociation probabilities, kinetic-energy release spectra, and momentum distributions for wavelengths from 800 to 2400 nm. The suitability of this simple system as a prototype for understanding the strong-field nuclear dynamics of heteronuclear dissociation is discussed.
Dynamics of Charge-Density Waves Pinned by Impurities

The model of Fukuyama and Lee for the pinning of the charge-density-wave phase by impurities is investigated. The current-current correlation function, related to the force-force correlation function by the equation of motion, is calculated to fourth order in the impurity concentration ${n}_{0}$. It is found that the threshold electric field is proportional to ${{n}_{0}}^{2}$, and above threshold, the resulting current is periodic in time, exhibiting many harmonics.
Restorative Justice and Reparations

In her book Between Vengeance and Forgiveness, Martha Minow begins a chapter on reparations with a brief discussion of restorative justice. She characterizes restorative justice as seeking “repair of social connections and peace rather than retribution against offenders;” she describes it as “building connections and enhancing communication between perpetrators and those they victimized, and forging ties across the community. . . .” Later in the same chapter, however, when talking about monetary reparations, Minow says the “core idea” behind reparations is compensatory justice, the view that “wrongdoers should pay victims for losses” to wipe the slate clean. Several recent discussions of reparations for historical injustice and mass political violence reject the idea that compensatory or, as I will call it, corrective justice is the relevant or primary category for reparations involving groups or large numbers of individual victims of injustice. Roy Brooks considers the “tort model” of pursuing compensation from institutions and private parties through legal action, a secondary, morally deficient and relatively unpromising avenue. He advances an “atonement model” of reparations premised on “the post-Holocaust vision of heightened morality, victim-perpetrator identity, egalitarianism, and restorative justice.” Although Brooks does not define restorative justice, his account of atonement makes apology central and sees monetary and other reparations as necessary to make apologies believable. Janna Thompson situates her argument for historical obligations to repair past wrongs, such as the theft of lands from indigenous people or the injustice of slavery, in a conception of “reparation as reconciliation” in contrast to a “legalistic” one of “reparation as restoration.” The aim of reparations on this view is “to repair relations damaged by injustice— not to return to a state of affairs that existed before the injustice was done.” Ruti Teitel, in her extensive study of transitional justice practice, finds that “reparatory practices have become the leading response in the contemporary wave of political transformation,” but that reparatory practices in political transition “defy categorization as either criminal or corrective justice” by both redressing individual rights violations and signifying responsibility for criminal wrongdoing. Naomi Roht-Arriaza appeals to “a basic maxim of law that harms should be remedied” in a discussion of reparations for mass violence, but argues that individual court-ordered reparations are both impractical in cases where there are many victims and inadequate to address collective elements of harm in situations of mass conflict or repression where communities are targeted for violence and are
Monte Carlo Study of Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories

Using Monte Carlo techniques, we study the thermodynamics of four-dimensional Euclidean lattice gauge theories, with gauge groups ${Z}_{N}$ and U(1). For $N\ensuremath{\le}4$ the models exhibit a single first-order phase transition, while for $N\ensuremath{\ge}5$ we observe two transitions of higher order. As $N$ increases, one of these transitions moves toward zero temperature, whereas the other remains at finite temperature and survives in the U(1) limit. The behavior of the Wilson loop factor is also analyzed for the ${Z}_{2}$ and ${Z}_{6}$ models.
Mood state changes of students enrolled in physical activity classes.

74 students enrolled in physical activity classes completed the happiness and sadness scales of the Emotional Assessment Scale each week for the 7-week course. A repeated-measures analysis of varia...
Bioconvertion of spent cellulose sausage casings

Abstract Cellulose sausage cellulose casings are used extensively in the manufacture of sausages in meat packaging. After stripping the meat, spent casings mainly contain cellulose and residual meat juice with salt, nitrate and nitrite. Disposal of spent sausage casings has serious economic and environmental concerns for the sausage industry. This work describes bioconversion of spent cellulose casings (SCC) into enzymes, lactic acid and ethanol by using cellulolytic fungi, lactobacillus and yeasts. The solid substrate cultivation (SSC) of Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 on SCC and blends gave a maximum of 152 filter paper cellulase (FPase) activity and about 100 carboxymethylcellulase activity (CMCase)/g dry weight substrate. The SSC produced enzyme-rich casing with 50 FPase when directly mixed as such with 10% fresh SCC produced over 70 g/l lactic acid using Lactobacillus plantarum sp. 14431, and also produced 30 g/l ethanol with Kluveromyces marxianus IMB-3 under simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) conditions.
The Sarkovskii order for periodic continua II

Abstract In this paper it is shown that the existence of three maximal proper periodic continua for a map of a hereditarily decomposable chainable continuum onto itself implies the existence of a maximal proper periodic continuum with odd period greater than one. Hence, while the periods of such continua do follow the Sarkovskii order apart from the case in which the ambient space is the union of two maximal proper periodic continua with period two, for any nondegenerate terminal segment of the Sarkovskii order that fails to contain an odd integer greater than one, there does not exist a map of a hereditarily decomposable chainable continuum onto itself for which the set of all periods of such continua is the prescribed terminal segment. It is also shown that, for any terminal segment of the Sarkovskii order that does contain an odd integer greater than one, there is a map of [ 0 , 1 ] onto itself for which the set of all periods of such continua is the prescribed terminal segment.
Lessons from the residual newborn screening dried blood sample litigation.

The retention and secondary use of residual newborn screening dried blood samples without parental consent have generated controversy and resulted in lawsuits against health departments in Texas, Minnesota and Indiana. This manuscript summarizes the legal issues raised in the litigation and highlights additional parental concerns.
Self, awareness of self, and the illusion of control

A distinction between the self and its superstructure, the ego, supports Mele's conclusions. The dynamics of the limbic system generates the self through behavior that is subject to societal observation. The rest of the brain contributes awareness that, by ingenious back-dating and rationalization, gives the ultimate in self-deception: the illusion of control of the self by its own derivative.
Electrohydrodynamic pumping of dielectric liquids

The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) phenomena involve the interaction of electric fields and flow fields in a dielectric fluid medium. The electric body force, responsible for this interaction and generating pumping, is primarily the Coulomb force. There are three kinds of EHD pumping: induction pumping, ion-drag pumping, and conduction pumping. In this paper, these three types of EHD pumping are described. Both single-phase liquid and two-phase liquid/vapor are considered.
Activation of NF-κB by the human T cell leukemia virus type I tax oncoprotein is associated with ubiquitin-dependent relocalization of IκB kinase

Abstract Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia. HTLV-1 encodes a trans-activating protein, Tax, which is largely responsible for the oncogenic properties of the virus. Tax promotes T cell transformation by deregulating the activity of various cellular factors, including the transcription factor NF-κB. Tax activates the IκB kinase (IKK) via physical interaction with the regulatory subunit, IKKγ, although it is unknown precisely how Tax activates the IKK complex. Here we show that Tax modulates the cellular localization of the IKK complex. The IKKs relocalize from a broad distribution in the cytoplasm to concentrated perinuclear “hot spots” in both HTLV-1-transformed lines and in Tax-expressing Jurkat cells. Relocalization of IKK is not observed with Tax mutants unable to activate NF-κB, suggesting that only activated forms of IKK are relocalized. However, relocalization of IKK is strictly dependent on Tax expression because it does not occur in ATL cell lines that lack Tax expression or in Jurkat cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. Furthermore, IKKγ is required for redistribution because cells lacking IKKγ were unable to relocalize IKKα upon expression of Tax. We also find that Tax ubiquitination likely regulates IKK relocalization because mutation of three critical lysine residues in Tax renders it unable to relocalize IKK and activate the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways. Finally, we have observed that the perinuclear IKK in Tax-expressing cells colocalizes with the Golgi, and disruption of Golgi with either nocodazole or brefeldin A leads to a redistribution of IKK to the cytoplasm. Together, these results demonstrate that Tax induces relocalization of the IKK complex in a ubiquitin-dependent manner, and dynamic changes in the subcellular localization of the IKK complex may be critical for Tax function.
In Situ, Through-Plane Measurements of Ionic Potential in a PEMFC Catalyst Layer

A novel apparatus for measuring in situ, through-plane, ionic potential distribution within the cathode catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is presented here. This new diagnostic method makes use of a micro-structured electrode scaffold (MES), which is a stack of alternating insulating and sensing layers that surround a 100 µm diameter cylinder of catalyst layer material. Here we present measurements of ionic potential at four points through the thickness of a PEM fuel cell cathode. These preliminary results show significant variations of the ionic potential within the electrode at high currents. In addition, the local ionic potential provides an accurate measure of the local IR-free potential in the catalyst layer. Possible applications of the ionic potential data gathered from the MES include investigating mass and charge transport limitations, spatially characterizing electrode kinetics, and validating porous electrode models.
Shareholder taxation and aggregate dividend payout: Evidence from the tax reform act of 1986

The effect of shareholder taxation on corporate dividend policy is a major controversy in financial economics. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 eliminated the statutory tax disadvantage of dividends versus long-term capital gains for individual shareholders. Using aggregate time series data I find evidence that corporate dividend payout has become more generous in the period after tax reform.
Enhancing Students’ Role Identity As Marketing Majors:

An undergraduate student’s major often becomes an important part of his or her self-definition. A student’s major identifies him or her with respect to certain classes, places on campus, behaviors,...
Gripper for truss structure assembly

The CIRSSE two-finger gripper is designed to be used with a 6-axis wrist-mounted force-torque sensor as part of an experimental testbed for cooperative robotic manipulation. The gripper system consists of a dedicated controller and a pneumatic powered gripper that is servoed in position or grasping force. The gripper also has a between fingertip light beam sensor. The major features of this new design are: high grasping force to weight ratio (25::1) and compactness (14 cm base-fingertip, 0.8 kilograms); low cost dedicated slave controller; and simple host-controller communications protocol to minimize command interpretation delay. Shared software functions between the host and the controller processor permit the host to select servo mode, servo gain-parameter values, and calibration offsets. Hidden primitive self-test, calibration and servo confidence functions are included.
THE STABILITY AND CONTROL OF CONDITIONED NOISE AVERSION IN THE TILT CAGE1

Twenty-six rats were used to study the development of stable conditioned responding to terminate white noise (100 or 105 db) in a tilt cage apparatus. Preliminary work, with one end of the cage consistently associated with silence, demonstrated stability at a high level of cumulative noise-off time per session. Time spent at the noise-off cage end was unaffected by lay-off and showed adaptation to reversal of the cage end functions. Variability in reversal acquisition, insensitivity to stimulus intensity changes and persistence in remaining at one end of the cage in the absence of noise-termination contingencies indicated the need for more precise behavioral control. A schedule programming several reversals of the no-noise end at variable intervals within each session was developed. Performance on the latter schedule was characterized by stability of high noise-off times and also proved more sensitive than the preliminary method to stimulus intensity changes (55, 70, 100 db) as measured by both cumulated noise-off time and cage crossing rates. The ease of training combined with sensitivity to stimulus change and the lack of highly specific motor response requirements make this technique promising for use with animals potentially debilitated by drugs or surgical after-effects.
Incorporating the client's role in a software engineering course

In today's society it is important for graduates of the computer science/information system programs to be able to interact with clients effectively. Students need to understand how a client feels and acts during the development of a software system. This paper describes the organization, motive, and experience with an Application Development Course that addresses these issues.
Mood, blood pressure, and heart rate at work: An experience-sampling study.

We describe a study that examined the distinctiveness of momentary positive and negative affect (PA and NA) and their relationships with blood pressure and heart rate at work in a sample of 67 full-time employees who provided psychological and physiological measurements multiple times a day, over 10 working days. These employees recorded their subjective ratings on personal digital assistant devices programmed specifically for this study, and assessed their blood pressure and heart rate using automatic recording devices, at each measurement period. Results support the distinctiveness of PA and NA. First, within-individual factor analyses confirmed the existence of two underlying factors in the momentary affect ratings. Second, the within-individual correlations between PA and NA scores (-.14), and among the two latent constructs (-.13) were both low in magnitude. Finally, as predicted by theory, NA was significantly related to blood pressure within individuals, whereas PA and blood pressure were unrelated (both PA and NA were related to heart rate within individuals, as predicted).
A balanced LQG compensator for flexible structures

Abstract LQG compensator gains (i.e. the gains of a controller and of an estimator) are obtained from solutions of Riccati equations. For the balanced compensator the solutions are equal and diagonal. An approximately balanced LQG compensator for flexible structures is analyzed in this paper. The performance of an LQG compensator depends on the weights of the quadratic performance index and on the variance of the estimator noise. The relationships between weights/variances and characteristic values of the system as well as between weights/variances and the system pole location are derived. Thus the weights can be determined to meet the requirements of a closed-loop system. For the balanced reduced-order compensator the stability margin and performance are similar to the full-order compensator.
Transformation of large discoidal complexes of apolipoprotein A-I and phosphatidylcholine by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase

Using a cholate-dialysis recombination procedure, complexes of apolipoprotein A-I and synthetic phosphatidylcholine (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) or dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC] were prepared in mixtures at a relatively high molar ratio of 150:1 phosphatidylcholine/apolipoprotein A-I. Particle size distribution analysis by gradient gel electrophoresis of the recombinant mixtures indicated the presence of a series of discrete complexes that included species migrating at RF values observed for discoidal particles in nascent high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-deficient subjects. One of these complex species, designated complex class 6, formed with either phosphatidylcholine, was isolated by gel filtration and characterized at follows: discoidal shape (mean diameter 20.8 nm (POPC) and 19.0 nm (DOPC]; molar ratio, phosphatidylcholine/apolipoprotein A-I, 155:1 (POPC) and 130:1 (DOPC); and both containing 4 molecules of apolipoprotein A-I per particle. Incubation of class 6 complexes with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) and a source of unesterified cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein (LDL] was shown by electron microscopy to result in a progressive transformation of the discoidal particles (0 h) to deformable (2.5 h) and to spherical particles (24 h). The spherical particles (diameter 13.6 nm (POPC) and 12.5 nm (DOPC) exhibit sizes at the upper boundary of the interval defining the human plasma (HDL2b)gge (12.9-9.8 nm). The spherical particles contain a cholesteryl ester core that reaches a limiting molar ratio of approx. 50-55:1 cholesteryl ester/apolipoprotein A-I. The deformable particles assume a rectangular shape under negative staining and, relative to the 24-h spherical product, are enriched in phosphatidylcholine. Chemical crosslinking (by dimethyl suberimidate) of the isolated transformation products shows the 24-h spherical particle to contain predominantly 4 apolipoprotein A-I molecules; products produced after intermediate periods of time appear to contain species with 3 and 4 apolipoproteins per particle. Our in vitro studies indicate a potential pathway in the origins of large, apolipoprotein A-I-containing plasma HDL particles. The deformable species observed during transformation were similar in size and shape to particles observed in interstitial fluid.
A Study of Family Fighting and Illegal Drug Use Among Adults Who Completed Substance Abuse Treatment

SUMMARY Violence and substance abuse within families has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. To help illuminate this issue, this study investigated the suspected association between family fighting and substance use taking into consideration individual, social and environmental factors. Estimates of the association between family fighting and illegal drug use were obtained using a convenience sample of 289 adults that completed substance abuse treatment in Florida. The data were collected via a Computerized Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) method during the summer of 1999. Illegal drug use was positively associated with frequent family fighting (OR = 4.53; 95% CI = 1.89–10.82) and inversely associated with social support (OR = .49; 95% CI = 1.00–1.13), even after adjustments for demographic and other social characteristics were considered. Practice implications include the need for integrated treatment services, interventions utilizing social support systems and aftercare services to ens...
OXYGEN DIFFUSION IN ZIRCON

Abstract Oxygen diffusion in natural, non-metamict zircon was characterized under both dry and water-present conditions at temperatures ranging from 765°C to 1500°C. Dry experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure by encapsulating polished zircon samples with a fine powder of18O-enriched quartz and annealing the sealed capsules in air. Hydrothermal runs were conducted in cold-seal pressure vessels (7–70 MPa) or a piston cylinder apparatus (400–1000 MPa) on zircon samples encapsulated with both18O-enriched quartz and18O water. Diffusive-uptake profiles of18O were measured in all samples with a particle accelerator, using the18O(p, α)15N reaction. For dry experimental conditions at 1100–1500°C, the resulting oxygen diffusivities (24 in all) are well described by:Ddry (m2/s) = 1.33 × 10 −4exp(−53920/T) There is no suggestion of diffusive anisotropy. Under wet conditions at 925°C, oxygen diffusion shows little or no dependence uponPH2O in the range 7–1000 MPa, and is insensitive to total pressure as well. The results of 27 wet experiments at 767–1160°C and 7–1000 MPa can be described a single Arrhenius relationship:Dwet (m2/s) = 5.5 × 10−12exp(−25280/T) The insensitivity of oxygen diffusion toPH2O means that applications to geologic problems can be pursued knowing only whether the system of interest was ‘wet’ (i.e.,PH2O > 7MPa) or ‘dry’. Under dry conditions (presumably rare in the crust), zircons are extremely retentive of their oxygen isotopic signatures, to the extent that δ18O would be perturbed at the center of a 200 μm zircon only during an extraordinarily hot and protracted event (e.g., 65 Ma at 900°C). Under wet conditions, δ18O may or may not be retained in the central regions of individual crystals, cores or overgrowth rims, depending upon the specific thermal history of the system.
Medication compliance feedback and monitoring in a clinical trial: predictors and outcomes.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of continuous monitoring and enhancement of medication compliance during a long-term clinical trial, predictors of compliance, and relationships to drinking outcomes. Methods Alcohol-dependent patients enrolled in a multicenter VA cooperative study were randomly assigned to once-daily naltrexone (NTX) for 3 or 12 months (short-term or long-term NTX) or placebo for 12 months of treatment. All medications were dispensed in bottles with medication event monitoring (MEMS, AARDEX, Union City, CA) caps with a microprocessor that recorded openings as presumptive doses. Patients were trained to develop personal cues as dosing reminders. Monthly feedback sessions included review of compliance data and cues. Results There were no significant differences among short-term NTX, long-term NTX, and placebo (209 each) groups in measures of compliance. Overall compliance rates were 71% ± 31% of doses for the first 13 weeks and 43% ± 33% of doses over 52 weeks. Some doses were taken during 83% ± 27% of the first 13 weeks. Higher medication compliance predicted fewer drinks per drinking day ( P = .02) throughout follow-up and a lower percentage of drinking days ( P = .002 during the first 13 weeks) with no significant effect for treatment group. Conclusions The feedback and monitoring programs were important features to demonstrate that lack of treatment effect was not a result of poor compliance. Medication compliance data supported the internal validity of the trial by demonstrating that good compliers had better outcomes, irrespective of treatment with NTX or placebo. The MEMS feedback methodology is feasible for use in multicenter trials.
Black Talk Radio: Defining Community Needs and Identity

This article presents research concerning the relationship between media and public spheres through an investigation of an African-American-owned and -operated talk-radio station in Chicago. The ar...
Principles for the surgical management of patients with Proteus syndrome and patients with overgrowth not meeting Proteus criteria.

Abstract Background: Proteus syndrome is a rare, sporadic disorder consisting of disproportionate overgrowth of multiple tissues, vascular malformations, and connective tissue or epidermal nevi. Patients with Proteus syndrome present with diverse and variable phenotypes because of the syndrome's mosaic pattern of distribution. Methods: Eighty patients with Proteus syndrome, satisfying published diagnostic criteria, and 51 patients with overgrowth not meeting Proteus criteria were identified from the literature. Three additional patients, one patient with Proteus syndrome and 2 patients with overgrowth, were treated at the author's institutions and are discussed in detail. All nonorthopedic and noncutaneous surgical interventions were reviewed. Results: Fourteen genitourinary, 9 gastrointestinal, and 5 otolaryngologic operations were performed on patients with Proteus syndrome. Six genitourinary, 5 gastrointestinal, and 2 otolaryngologic operations were performed on patients with overgrowth not meeting Proteus criteria. Eight patients with Proteus syndrome and 4 patients with overgrowth experienced thoracic manifestations, generally diffuse cystic pulmonary lesions, but only 1 of 12 underwent surgical treatment. Conclusions: Patients with visceral manifestations of either Proteus syndrome or overgrowth not meeting Proteus criteria should be treated in a similar manner. Lesions involving the ovaries and testes, because of the high incidence of neoplasm, should be managed aggressively. Gastrointestinal and renal lesions may be managed conservatively with frequent follow-up to minimize abdominal explorations. All patients undergoing surgery should have a thorough preoperative assessment of their airway and pulmonary reserve because of the relatively high frequency of tonsillar hypertrophy and pulmonary cystic involvement. J Pediatr Surg 37:1013-1020. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Evidence that vesicles containing living, virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium in cultured human macrophages are not acidic.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium multiply in cultured human macrophages (MP) within membrane-enclosed vesicles. These vesicles are generally assumed to be acidic. The evidence most frequently cited for this assumption is that pyrazinamide, which requires an acid pH to be effective, is effective and streptomycin, which loses most of its activity at a low pH, is poorly effective against tubercle bacilli. This assumption was tested by using the two weak bases chloroquine and NH4Cl to raise the pH of acidic vesicles in MP experimentally infected with M. tuberculosis or M. avium. An immunocytochemical locator of acidic regions in the MP was used to monitor the association of intracellular bacilli with acidity. MP were infected with M. tuberculosis or M. avium and incubated with various combinations of the drugs and the weak bases. Replication of the bacteria in the MP was measured by culture counts. Intracellular associations of the mycobacteria with acidity were assessed by electron micrographs and by using the weak base 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-39-amino-N-methyl dipropylamine, which was detected with colloidal gold-labeled antibodies. It was confirmed by immunocytochemistry that both chloroquine and NH4Cl raise the pH of acidic vesicles in the infected MP. However, neither caused any pH-related change in the antimycobacterial activities of pyrazinamide or streptomycin or of the pH-independent drug isoniazid. Immunochemical analyses showed acidity to be associated with killed but not living mycobacteria in the MP. These findings suggest that living M. tuberculosis and M. avium are located in human MP in vesicles which are not acidic. Images
Isolation and immunochemical characterization of rabbit 7S anti-IgG with restricted heterogeneity.

7S anti-IgGs were isolated from four rabbit antistreptococcal antisera by the use of immunoabsorbent columns. The isolated proteins were of restricted molecular heterogeneity; they formed a monodisperse band on microzone electrophoresis and had a limited number of light chain bands when analyzed on urea polyacrylamide gel. The binding site of the 7S anti-IgGs was detected in the F(ab')2 portion of the molecule. The binding site has antibody specificity for the Fc portion of IgG. For one 7S anti-IgG the combining site on the Fc portion could further be defined. A pepsin fragment of Fc, described as Pep-III', was a potent inhibitor of the coprecipitation of 7S anti-IgG with antigen-antibody complexes. An idiotypic cross-reaction was detected between the 7S and 19S anti-IgGs isolated from the same rabbit with anti-idiotype sera prepared in guinea pigs. This idiotypic specificity was not detected in the 7S anti-IgGs of 20 other rabbits.
Mostly-copying reachability-based orthogonal persistence

We describe how reachability-based orthogonal persistence can be supported even in uncooperative implementations of languages such as C++ and Modula-3, and without modification to the compiler. Our scheme extends Bartlett's mostly-copying garbage collector to manage both transient objects and resident persistent objects, and to compute the reachability closure necessary for stabilization of the persistent heap. It has been implemented in our prototype of reachability-based persistence for Modula-3, yielding performance competitive with that of comparable, but non-orthogonal, persistent variants of C++. Experimental results, using the 007 object database benchmarks, reveal that the mostly-copying approach offers a straightforward path to efficient orthogonal persistence in these uncooperative environments. The results also characterize the performance of persistence implementations based on virtual memory protection primitives.
Automated quantitative fluorescent image analysis of cervical cytology

Cervical cytology from 122 patients with histories of one or more abnormal Pap smears were studied using slide-based automated quantitative fluorescence image analysis (QFIA) in order to determine the usefulness of the QFIA technique in detecting neoplasias. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and validity of QFIA as a cytological method for the early detection of cervical cancer, based on comparisons with the conventional Pap smear and histopathology. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity of the automated QFIA cytology was 100% for high-grade neoplasms (CIN III and invasive carcinoma), compared with 82% for the Pap smear. Evaluation of lower grade neoplasms was also performed. Initial analyses of the data indicate that QFIA, which uses objective biochemical criteria to identify cells with increased nuclear nucleic acid content, is a more sensitive detector of cervical neoplasia of all grades than is conventional Pap cytology.
The isomorphisms of unitary groups over noncommutative domains

The isomorphisms between projective unitary congruence groups are known when the underlying Witt indices are 33, the underlying spaces are finite dimensional, and the underlying integral domains are commutative [15, 161. Here we extend these results to noncommutative domains possessing a division ring of quotients and to arbitrary dimensions. Our development allows unitary and symplectic groups to be treated simultaneously, applies to collinear groups, and unifies the known theories over commutative domains and noncommutative fields. We consider the class of collinear (unitary or symplectic) groups having “enough projective transvections,” i.e., at least one on each isotropic line (see Sections 2A and 1B). The chief hurdle, as in the commutative case, is to show that in such groups projective transvections are preserved under isomorphism. From this we get a correspondence of isotropic lines to which the Fundamental Theorem of Projective Geometry can be applied. Then it is easy to show that the isomorphism is of the expected form, i.e., induced by an orthogonality-preserving semilinear bijection (reflexive collinear transformation) between the two underlying spaces; in particular, a unitary group is not isomorphic to a symplectic group.