cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polydipsia as a manifestation of catatonia: Case series

Abstract Introduction Psychogenic polydipsia, a diagnosis of exclusion, is prevalent among patients with psychiatric disorders. Polydipsia has been associated with catatonia without clear causation or directionality. We describe two cases where polydipsia was a sign of catatonia in the form of stereotypy, represented by abnormally frequent motor behavior. Case 1 A 56-year-old male with a history of bipolar I disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder presented with paranoid delusions, agitation, poor sleep, self-inflicted injury, and hyponatremia related to polydipsia. Symptoms, including polydipsia, rapidly improved with lorazepam. Due to medication nonadherence, two other similar hospitalizations occurred over the next month, each presenting with polydipsia-related hyponatremia as well as other catatonia symptoms. In each of the three episodes of concurrent catatonia and polydipsia, lorazepam as part of the treatment regimen quickly resolved both the psychiatric and metabolic symptoms. Case 2 A 76-year-old female with a history of bipolar I disorder presented with intrusive speech, impulsive behavior, and decreased sleep, alongside hyponatremia related to polydipsia. She also displayed several catatonic symptoms and was treated with lorazepam and paliperidone. Increasing paliperidone dose worsened the catatonia, polydipsia, and hyponatremia while increasing lorazepam resulted in improvement in these symptoms. Discussion Our patients presented with episodic polydipsia and hyponatremia concurrent with catatonia symptoms. Polydipsia in both cases is a repetitive motor behavior, likely representing a catatonic stereotypy. Our cases illustrate psychogenic polydipsia can sometimes be framed as a catatonic stereotypy, and therefore lorazepam emerges as an option for treatment.
Virtues, Resilience, and Well-Being of Indigenous Youth in Peru

Objectives: The objective of this study was to observe the relation of Values In Action (VIA) virtues, well-being, and resilience within a unique, non-Western population of Indigenous youth in the Peruvian Amazon.Methods: Data were collected from students (n = 172, age range: 11-16 years) attending a rural village school via self-report surveys to assess relationships using the VIA Youth-96 (VIA-Y-96) Assessment, Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI-A), and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28).Results: The factor analysis of the CYRM-28 yielded a 3-factor breakdown (Social Engagement, Cultural Citizenship, and Guidance) instead of eight. Different VIA virtues predicted each of the three factors of the revised 3-factor CYRM-21-Peru model (CYRM-21-P); Transcendence, Humanity, and Wisdom were predictors of well-being; and higher reported resilience leads to higher well-being. Most participants scored very high on the PWI-A.Implications: Research presented in this paper involved a unique population of Indigenous youth residing in the Peruvian Amazon, and found that (a) VIA virtues were differentially associated with well-being, (b) Humanity was a significant predictor across Cultural Citizenship and Social Engagement in the revised CYRM-21-P, and (c) higher resilience was correlated with higher well-being. Implications of this research can be used to inspire future research of Indigenous populations in a Latin American context to develop youth development programs that teach students from a strength-based perspective to improve vocational, academic, psychological, and social well-being.
Nest selection by red-headed woodpeckers across three spatial scales in an urban environment

Forest habitat is important for a variety of woodpecker species, and is under pressure from urbanization. Red-headed Woodpeckers (Melanerpes erythrocephalus; RHWO) were once abundant across Eastern North America, and their populations have been declining since the 1960s. Their distribution encompasses urban centers, and since urban habitats differ from natural forest areas, our goal was to understand RHWO nest-site selection in an urban context. We addressed two main questions 1) what are the characteristics of RHWO nest selection across multiple spatial scales and 2) how do RHWO nest tree characteristics in city parks compare to those in forest preserves? This work was done in Cook County, IL, which includes Chicago, the third-largest city in the USA by population. We examined 34 RHWO nest trees used between 2010 and 2013, their surrounding habitat, and the landscape within a 1 km radius. Used trees and habitats were compared to paired unused trees and habitats, and landscape-scale characteristics were compared to random locations. Advanced decay of the nest tree, low canopy cover and increased presence of fungus on trees in the surrounding habitat were the best predictors of RHWO nesting in the area. Nests were most commonly found in forested areas outside of dense urban areas. However, we did not detect significant differences in the characteristics of the nest trees located in forest preserves and city parks. Our findings are consistent with nest selection studies in rural and natural areas, suggesting that forest habitats in metropolitan landscapes can support RHWO nesting.
Co-occurrence patterns among collocations: a tool for corpus-based lexical knowledge acquisition

A consideration of problems engendered by the use of concordances to study additional word senses. The use of factor analysis as a research tool in lexicography is discussed. It is shown that this method provides information not obtainable through other approaches. This includes provision of several major senses for each word, an indication of the relationship between collocational patterns, & a more detailed analysis of the senses themselves. Sample factor analyses for the collocates of certain & right are presented & discussed. 3 Tables, 11 References. B. Annesser Murray
Slant path attenuation at 72.5 and 82.5 GHz

Slant path brightness temperatures were measured at 72.5 and 82.5 GHz with a multi-channel radiometer. One year of measurements collected at 36° elevation angle in Rome, NY were examined in terms of the attenuation statistics. The radiometric response was modeled with Monte-Carlo solution of the radiative transfer equation. The measured statistics were examined in relation to attenuation prediction models.
A method for enhancing the efficiency of numerical solution of time-periodic transmission line problems with highly disparate time scales

When highly disparate time scales are involved in the response attributes of RF/microwave components and devices, their numerical solution is hindered by a significant increase in computational cost. It is shown in this paper that through an adaptation of the multi-time partial differential equation method to the numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions, the aforementioned numerical complexity can be contained. The proposed method is demonstrated in the context of time-domain simulation of one-dimensional wave propagation in domains with time-varying properties and time-varying impedance boundary conditions.
Developing User Interfaces

Preface Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Designing the Functional Model Chapter 3 Basic Computer Graphics Chapter 4 Basics of Event Handling Chapter 5 Basic Interaction Chapter 6 Widget Tool Kits Chapter 7 Interfaces from Widgets Chapter 8 Input Syntax Chapter 9 Geometry of Shapes Chapter 10 Geometric Transformations Chapter 11 Interacting with Geometry Chapter 12 Drawing Architectures Chapter 13 Cut, Copy, and Paste Chapter 14 Monitoring the Interface: Undo, Groupware, and Macros
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in milk during high-temperature, short-time pasteurization.

Milk from cows inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes was pooled for 2 to 4 days and then heated at 71.7 to 73.9 degrees C for 16.4 s or at 76.4 to 77.8 degrees C for 15.4 s in a high-temperature, short-time plate heat exchanger pasteurization unit. L. monocytogenes was isolated from milk after heat treatment in six of nine pasteurization trials done at 71.7 to 73.9 degrees C and in none of three trials done at 76.4 to 77.8 degrees C. An average of 1.5 to 9.2 L. monocytogenes cells was seen in each milk polymorphonuclear leukocyte before heat treatment in 11 of 12 pasteurization trials. Noticeable degradation of leukocytes with intracellular listeria was detected in unpasteurized milk after 3 days of storage at 4 degrees C, and by 4 days of storage leukocytes had deteriorated to cellular debris, suggesting that holding unpasteurized milk refrigerated for 4 or more days would eliminate a protective effect leukocytes may provide for increasing heat resistance of L. monocytogenes. Results indicate that under the conditions of this study, L. monocytogenes can survive the minimum high-temperature, short-time treatment (71.7 degrees C, 15 s) required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for pasteurizing milk.
Computational analysis of supersonic turbulent boundary layers over rough surfaces using the k–ω and the stress–ω models

Abstract The influence of surface roughness in the prediction of the mean flow and turbulent properties of a high-speed supersonic (M = 2.7, Re/m = 2 × 107) turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate is numerically investigated. In particular, the performance of the k–ω and stress–ω turbulence models is evaluated against the available experimental data. Even though the performance of these models have been proven satisfactory in the computation of incompressible boundary layer flow over rough surfaces, their validity for high-speed compressible has not been investigated yet. It is observed from this study that, for smooth surface, both k–ω and stress–ω models perform very well in predicting the mean flow and turbulence quantities in supersonic flow. For rough surfaces, both models matched the experimental data fairly well for lower roughness heights but performed unsatisfactorily for higher roughness conditions. Overall the performance of the k–ω model is better than the stress–ω model. The stress–ω model does not show any strong advantages to make up for the extra computational cost associated with it. The predictions indicate that the ω boundary conditions at the wall in both models, especially the stress–ω model, need to be refined and reconsidered to include the geometric factor for supersonic flow over surfaces with large roughness values.
CONTINUOUS CULTURE OF MARINE DIATOMS UNDER SILICATE LIMITATION. I. SYNCHRONIZED LIFE CYCLE OF SKELETONEMA COSTATUM12

SUMMARY Skeletonema costatum was grown in silicate-limited continuous culture, Culture conditions resulted in synchronization of sexual reproduction. A detailed description of the life cycle is presented. During the life cycle growth rules varied from 0 to 0.12 hr−1. Sexual reproduction in diatoms has often been observed in batch cultures and some stages have been reported in nature. However, this is apparently the first report of its occurrence in continuous culture. Other experiments that demonstrate the importance of sexual reproduction in continuous culture work tare discussed.
Relapse among substance-abusing women: components and processes

This article is based on part of a project in which 32 women who experienced substance use–related problems were interviewed. The purpose of the article is to explore factors related to the women's...
AN EXPERIENTIAL APPROACH TO FAMILY‐OF‐ORIGIN WORK WITH MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY TRAINEES

An experiential approach to family-of-origin work with marital and family therapy students is offered as a complement to didactic study. Recommendations are made for structuring courses to include family-of-origin work without blurring the roles of instructor and therapist.
The Absolute Angular Momentum Budget of an Extratropical Cyclone: Quasi-Lagrangian Diagnostics 3

Abstract The transport and budget formulations developed for a translating system are used to study the mass and absolute angular momentum budgets of a Midwest cyclone. Using isentropic coordinates a mass circulation is isolated which transports angular momentum into the lower half of the tropospheric vortex and out of the upper half during the cyclone’s development and maturation. The occlusion process, characterized by the vertical development of the cyclone vortex into the middle and upper troposphere, occurred through a redistribution of angular momentum by an upward transport of angular momentum associated with the diabatic release of latent heat and an upward redistribution by internal pressure torques.
Pediatric training in emergency medicine residency programs

Endorsed emergency medicine (EM) residency programs were surveyed as to the nature and extent of training they provided in pediatric emergency care (PEC). In the surveys returned (82%) there were several important findings. The amount of time in PEC training was generally two months per year of training. This accounted for 16% of training time. However, the volume of pediatric patients was 25% of the overall patient population. There was wide variation in the sites of PEC training. Didactic sessions often did not cover even core topics. The training program directors were equally divided in their satisfaction with this aspect of their programs. Changes were recommended by 80% of the directors. Changes most often suggested were increasing pediatric patient exposure and obtaining PEC specialists as trainers.
Central slip tenotomy for the treatment of chronic mallet finger: an anatomic study.

Abstract Purpose Tenotomy of the central slip, described by Fowler, can clinically improve chronic distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) extensor lag secondary to mallet finger (terminal tendon disruption). The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of central slip tenotomy to restore DIP joint extension. Methods A mallet deformity was reproduced in 15 fresh-frozen cadaver fingers after the extensor tendon insertion was sectioned over the DIP joint. A suture anchor inserted at the terminal insertion was then secured to the extensor tendon over the middle phalanx to reconstruct the extensor mechanism. A 500-g weight attached to the proximal extensor tendon applied extensor tension. Central slip tenotomy was then performed. DIP extensor lags before and after tenotomy were recorded. Results After sectioning of the terminal tendon over the DIP joint the average amount of extensor tendon lag produced was 45°. After central slip tenotomy was performed the average amount of extensor lag correction was 36° (range, 30°–46°). Conclusions Several clinical studies have shown that central slip tenotomy is an effective treatment for chronic mallet finger but may not fully restore DIP joint extension. Our data suggest that patients with a pre-existing extensor lag of greater than 36° may not achieve full extension from central slip tenotomy, although extensor lags of up to 46° may be corrected.
Bcl-xL Regulation of InsP3 Receptor Gating Mediated by Dual Ca2+ Release Channel BH3 Domains

Interaction of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL with inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) Ca2+ release channels sensitize them to InsP3, enhancing low-level constitutive Ca2+ signaling that affords apoptosis resistance (White et al. Nat Cell Biol 7(2005); Li et al. PNAS 104(2007)). Here, we have identified two binding domains in the channel C-terminus that are both required for channel activation: the first is located at the bottom of TM6 immediately distal to the gate, and the second is near the extreme C-terminus. Each site binds to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 with similar affinities, but not to pro-apoptotic Bid or Bax. Bcl-xL binding to a construct containing both sites had apparent affinity several times higher than for either individual site or for Bax. Bcl-xL interaction with Bcl-2 proteins is mediated by pro-apoptotic protein BH3 domains. Several features suggest that each binding site in the InsP3R is similar to a BH3 domain. Sequence and secondary structural features are reminiscent of BH3 domains; mutations of key residues known to disrupt BH3 domain interactions disrupted Bcl-XL binding to either channel site; mutations in Bcl-xL that disrupt binding to BH3 domains inhibited binding to the channel sites; ABT-737 that binds in the Bcl-XL BH3 binding pocket inhibited binding to each channel site. In single-channel recordings, Bcl-xL activation of gating was abolished by mutations of either channel BH3-like domain or of the Bcl-xL BH3 binding pocket, or by ABT-737. These results suggest that dimeric Bcl-xL cross-links TM6 and the distal C-terminus through interactions involving channel BH3 domains. This interaction allosterically enhances the channel sensitivity to InsP3 by enabling the channel to open more easily.
How do ovarian follicles interact? A many-body problem with unusual symmetry and symmetry-breaking properties

The assumption that hormonal feedback regulates ovarian follicle growth is used to formulate a many-body problem in which interactions are spatially independent. This mechanism of interaction is shown to be sufficient to account for the regulation of ovulation number. A method is also developed to test if this assumption is consistent with the observed spatial distribution of follicles in the Rhesus monkey ovary.
Mechanisms and feedback causing changes in upper stratospheric ozone in the 21st century

Stratospheric ozone is expected to increase during the 21st century as the abundance of halogenated ozone-depleting substances decrease to 1960 values. However, climate change will likely alter this "recovery" of stratospheric ozone by changing stratospheric temperatures, circulation, and abundance of reactive chemical species. Here we quantity the contribution of different mechanisms to changes in upper stratospheric ozone from 1960 to 2100 in the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOS CCM), using multiple linear regression analysis applied to simulations using either Alb or A2 greenhouse gas (GHG) scenarios. In both these scenarios upper stratospheric ozone has a secular increase over the 21st century. For the simulation using the Alb GHG scenario, this increase is determined by the decrease in halogen amounts and the greenhouse gas induced cooling, with roughly equal contributions from each mechanism. There is a larger cooling in the simulation using the A2 GHG scenario, but also enhanced loss from higher NOy and HOx concentrations, which nearly offsets the increase due to cooler temperatures. The resulting ozone evolutions are similar in the A2 and Alb simulations. The response of ozone due to feedbacks from temperature and HOx changes, related to changing halogen concentrations, are also quantified using simulations with fixed halogen concentrations.
Synchrotron microradiography of temperature gradient zone melting in directional solidification

Using synchrontron microradiography, temperature gradient zone melting (TGZM) was observed in Sn-13 wt pct Bi alloy in real time during directional solidification. A significant amount of remelting was measured on the cold sides of the dendrite arms, whereas added solidification on the hot sides of the dendrite arms was observed during dendrite growth. Kinetics of TGZM was measured based on the real-time observations. TGZM had a significant effect on dendrite morphology during continuous cooling and holding within the solidification range. The presence of tertiary dendrite arms enhanced the rate of TGZM. Remelting also led to the disintegration of some secondary dendrite arms.
Critical damping of the uniform mode in easy-axis antiferromagnets: MnF2

Abstract We report calculations of the critical damping of the uniform spin wave mode in MnF 2 . Evaluation of the damping rate using empirical values for the parameters leads to results in reasonable agreement with experiment for 0.1 K T N − T
A model for supply chain and vessel traffic restoration in the event of a catastrophic port closure

The threat of a terrorist attack on an American port has received considerable attention since 9/11. The outcome implications for such an event are: (1) potential loss of life and injury, (2) environmental harm, (3) immediate uncertainty of where the compromise of the supply chain has occurred, and (4) long term deleterious effect on the current transportation security system. Yet, another important short-term outcome is the likely indefinite closure of the port-of-entry for the container, whether the event occurs at the port or the container passes through the port. The disruption of the associated supply chains necessitates complex rerouting of ocean carriers to convenient and capable alternatives. We propose a model that mitigates the resulting economic damage though a collaborative communication and decision making tool.
Gliomatosis cerebri: Improved outcome with radiotherapy

Abstract Purpose Gliomatosis cerebri is a rare, diffuse involvement of the central nervous system by a malignant glioma that permeates the brain extensively without destroying the neural architecture and involves more than two lobes. In this study, we sought to assess the role of radiotherapy (RT) and identify prognostic factors in gliomatosis cerebri. Methods and materials Thirty patients who received RT at a single institution and had radiographic follow-up were retrospectively reviewed with respect to outcome, radiation parameters, extent of surgery, and chemotherapy. All cases were analyzed histologically and documented. All pathology slides and radiology images were reviewed. Results The median age at diagnosis was 38.6 years (range 16–68). The median follow-up was 12.8 months (range 3–110). The mean radiation dose was 54.9 Gy, given in a mean of 28 fractions. Radiographic improvement or disease stabilization was achieved in 87% of patients. Clinical improvement was observed in 70%. The median time to progression was 10 months, and it was significantly longer for patients p = 0.0007) and for patients having a tumor histologic subtype other than glioblastoma ( p = 0.01). The median overall survival was 18 months and was also longer for patients p = 0.0001) and for patients having nonglioblastoma histologic features ( p = 0.007). Extensive surgery, administration of chemotherapy, or increased RT volume improved neither overall survival nor the time to disease progression. Conclusion RT is effective against gliomatosis cerebri. Patients who are young and have a nonglioblastoma tumor histologic subtype perform more favorably. In this analysis, no role for chemotherapy, extensive surgery, or whole-brain RT was found.
Model oxide supports for studies of catalyst sintering at elevated temperatures

Sintering is one of the most important causes for loss of catalytic activity when catalysts are subjected to elevated temperatures, as in automotive exhaust or during catalytic combustion. Herein we report a novel form of model catalyst for sintering studies at elevated temperatures. These model catalysts based on disks of SiO2 (quartz) and Al2O3 (sapphire) allow sintering temperatures of > 900 °C to be studied. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the study of these catalysts. Using modern in-lens backscatter electron detection operating at low voltages, high contrast images can be obtained of the metal catalyst on these model oxide supports. Model catalysts make it possible to observe the same area of the sample, before and after sintering, which is essential to gain mechanistic insights into the sintering phenomena. Our results show that while Ostwald ripening is the dominant mechanism for Pd sintering at 900 °C, we see evidence for the migration of particles as large as 50 nm on the alumina surface.
Association between vitamin D and adiponectin and its relationship with body mass index: the META-Health Study

Background: Low vitamin D and adiponectin levels are both associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have indicated that vitamin D levels are directly associated with adiponectin, and that the association varies across body mass index (BMI) categories; stronger with increasing BMI. Few studies examined this association in African Americans (AA), known to have lower levels of vitamin D and adiponectin, and in whites. Methods: We assessed whether serum vitamin D is associated with serum adiponectin in a biracial population-based sample. Cross-sectional analyses were performed on 426 non-diabetic participants (218 whites and 208 AA) from the META-Health study, a random sample from the metro Atlanta. Age-adjusted correlations and multivariable linear regression were used for analyses. We investigated the effect modification of the BMI categories of lean, overweight and obese as defined by standard cut-points (25 and 30 kg/m2). Results: The mean (SD) age of our study sample was 50.5 (9) years. The mean (SD) levels of vitamin D were 27.4 (9.8) ng/mL in white women, 25.5 (9.3) ng/mL in white men, 16.9 (7.3) ng/mL in AA women and 18.8 (7.3) ng/mL in AA men. The mean (SD) levels of adiponectin were 17.0 (17.1) μg/mL in white women, 9.9 (11.3) μg/mL in white men, 6.6 (4.8) μg/mL in AA women and 9.4 (11.6) μg/mL in AA men. Among lean white women (n = 63), there was a significant direct association between vitamin D and adiponectin (s = 0.02, p = 0.04) after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, income and season of blood drawing. On the contrary, in lean AA women (n = 23) there was a significant inverse association (s = - 0.06, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The association of vitamin D and adiponectin is dependent on race, gender and BMI category. Among lean white women there was a significant direct association, whereas in lean AA women the association was inverse. No association was present among obese individuals.
Depression in the Post-Myocardial Infarction Patient

Abstract Depression in the patient who has recently suffered a myocardial infarction is common, with an estimated prevalence of 20%. However, despite this high prevalence, depression in the post-myocardia infarction patient is poorly diagnosed and treated. In addition, depression in these patients has been associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality as well as increased disability and health care cost. The pathophysiology relating these two conditions remains unclear but may be related to autonomic dysfunction and enhanced risk of arrhythmias. Few well-designed trials have evaluated treatment options for these patients, although several large trials are underway. Of the antidepressant medications available, they all have potential interactions with the cardiac system. However, the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors seem to be emerging as the best first line treatment option for these patients.
The effect of salinity and dissolved organic matter on surface charge characteristics of some euryhaline phytoplankton

Abstract The effects of salinity and dissolved organic matter upon the surface charge characteristics of selected phytoplankton were investigated by means of microelectrophoresis. Nannochloris oculata Droop, Monochrysis lutheri Droop, and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing, were negatively charged in diluted sea water. The magnitude of the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of two of the phytoplankton species decreased as the salinity of the medium increased. Heat killing influenced the EPMs of the three phytoplankton species, suggesting the possibility that the surface charge of these phytoplankton organisms is influenced by surface biological processes. The EPM of C. meneghiniana decreased when the dissolved organic content of the medium was greater than 0.3 mg/1. Dissolved humic acids also inhibited the rate and magnitude of mercury sorption by C. meneghiniana .
Sclerotherapy of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins: Minimal Sclerosant Concentration of Hypertonic Saline and Its Relationship to Vessel Diameter

The author reports the results of a double-blind, paired-comparison study using saline sclerosant plus or minus heparin additive. The study was designed to elucidate the effects of increasing concentrations of hypertonic saline with regard to vessel diameter, clinical efficacy, complications, and discomfort. Six hundred women with bilaterally symmetrical starburst telangiectasias or varicose veins were entered into the study. Sodium chloride 11.7% appeared to be the minimal sclerosant concentration of saline that produced the most effective vein sclerosis of vessels of less than 8 mm in diameter, while producing the least morbidity. The optimal concentration of the sclerosant may vary with the diameter of the vessels under therapeutic consideration.
Determination of ground- and excited-state isomerization barriers for the oligothiophene 3',4'-dibutyl-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene

We report on the crystal structure and rotational isomerization of a poly(alkylthiophene) oligomer, 3',4'-dibutyl-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene. The X-ray crystal structure of this polythiopheneoligomer shows an all-anti configuration with an ∼33 o mean dihedral angle between adjacent thiophene rings. Measurements of the torsional carrier to rotation between thiophene rings have been performed for both the ground and first excited singlet states of this oligomer. The S 0 barrier to rotation is measured to be 19.7 Kcal/mol using 1 H NMR and the S 1 barrier to rotation is determined to be 4.2 kcal/mol using fluorescence lifetime measurements. We discuss the significance of these results in the context of understanding structure/property relationships in poly(alkylthiophenes)
Oral psoralen photochemotherapy of atopic eczema.

SUMMARY Oral administration of 8-methoxypsoralen followed by exposure to a high-intensity longwave ultraviolet treatment system resulted in clearing of atopic eczema in 15 patients. Paired-comparison studies demonstrated that this treatment was superior both to conventional ultraviolet light therapy and to no treatment. Short-term observation suggests that regular therapy is necessary to maintain remission of the disease.
Evolving a digital multiplier with the pushgp genetic programming system

A recent article on benchmark problems for genetic programming suggested that researchers focus attention on the digital multiplier problem, also known as the "multiple output multiplier" problem, in part because it is scalable and in part because the requirement of multiple outputs presents challenges for some forms of genetic programming [20]. Here we demonstrate the application of stack-based genetic programming to the digital multiplier problem using the PushGP genetic programming system, which evolves programs expressed in the stack-based Push programming language. We demonstrate the use of output instructions and argue that they provide a natural mechanism for producing multiple outputs in a stack-based genetic programming context. We also show how two recent developments in PushGP dramatically improve the performance of the system on the digital multiplier problem. These developments are the "ULTRA" genetic operator, which produces offspring via "Uniform Linear Transformation with Repair and Alternation" [12], and "lexicase selection," which selects parents according to performance on cases considered sequentially in random order [11]. Our results using these techniques show not only their utility, but also the utility of the digital multiplier problem as a benchmark problem for genetic programming research. The results also demonstrate the exibility of stack-based genetic programming for solving problems with multiple outputs and for serving as a platform for experimentation with new genetic programming techniques.
Neon Matrix Infrared Spectra and DFT Calculations of Tungsten Hydrides WHx (x = 1−4, 6)

Laser-ablated tungsten atoms react with molecular hydrogen upon condensation in excess neon. The tungsten hydrides WH, WH2, WH3, WH4, and WH6 are identified by isotopic substitution (D2, HD) and by density functional theory calculations of vibrational fundamentals. The WH diatomic gives a 1860.2 cm-1 band, WH2 gives a strong 1831.9 cm-1 absorption, and WH3 gives a sharp 1894.6 cm-1 peak. Absorptions due to WH4 appear at 1920.1 and 525.2 cm-1, increase on annealing in solid neon, and support a tetrahedral structure. Sharp new absorptions at 2021.2, 2004.4, 1953.8, 1927.5, 1080.3, and 840.7 cm-1 are assigned to WH6, based on deuterium isotopic shifts and comparison with frequencies computed by DFT for the distorted trigonal prism structure predicted earlier to be the global minimum energy structure for WH6. The bands of WH6 increase on annealing, decrease on broadband photolysis, and restore on further annealing. This is the first experimental identification of the WH2, WH4, and WH6 hydride molecules, and W...
Multiexponential fit of data by using the maximum likelihood method on a minicomputer.

Abstract An operator-interactive curve-fitting procedure developed for the PDP 11 70 minicomputer is described. The multiexponential fitting function that can be applied to data obeying Poisson fluctuations may contain the sum of up to four exponential terms. The best estimates of the parameters and their errors are obtained by using the method of maximum likelihood.
Expression of cytosolic β‐glucosidase in guinea pig liver cells

The cytosolic β-glucosidase of mammalian liver has been implicated in the metabolic transformation of plant glycosides, such as vicine and amygdalin, which are associated with the development of toxic syndromes. We investigated which cell types express cytosolic β-glucosidase in guinea pig liver, and characterized the contribution of this enzyme to the hydrolysis of aromatic glucosides in cultured cells and in tissue slices. Cytosolic β-glucosidase was expressed in hepatocytes and not in Kupffer or endothelial cells as determined by enzyme-specific activity and Western blots of liver cell extracts. Intracellular β-glucosidase activity was visualized using the fluorescent β-glucosidase substrate, resorufin β-d-glucoside, and shown to be caused by the cytosolic β-glucosidase using the inhibitors, conduritol β-epoxide and dinitrophenol-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-glucopyranoside (DNP2FGlc). Staining of fresh liver slices with resorufin β-glucoside revealed that cytosolic β-glucosidase is expressed in all hepatocytes, with no significant portal-central gradient. These data indicate that cytosolic β-glucosidase is a hepatocyte-specific enzyme, and support the hypothesis that cytosolic β-glucosidase in the liver functions to hydrolyze small glucosides absorbed by the intestine. Furthermore, toxic injury to cultured hepatocytes by CCl4 resulted in release of cytosolic β-glucosidase in parallel with the hepatocyte marker enzymes alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase. This suggests that acute increases in serum levels of cytosolic β-glucosidase in animal models of liver injury may reflect direct injury of hepatocytes.
Flexible transbronchial optical frequency domain imaging smart needle for biopsy guidance

Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is a procedure routinely performed to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, TBNA is associated with a low diagnostic yield due to inappropriate needle placement. We have developed a flexible transbronchial optical frequency domain imaging (TB-OFDI) catheter that functions as a “smart needle” to confirm the needle placement within the target lesion prior to biopsy. The TB-OFDI smart needle consists of a flexible and removable OFDI catheter (430 µm dia.) that operates within a standard 21-gauge TBNA needle. The OFDI imaging core is based on an angle polished ball lens design with a working distance of 160 µm from the catheter sheath and a spot size of 25 µm. To demonstrate the potential of the TB-OFDI smart needle for transbronchial imaging, an inflated excised swine lung was imaged through a standard bronchoscope. Cross-sectional and longitudinal OFDI results reveal the detailed network of alveoli in the lung parenchyma suggesting that the TB-OFDI smart needle may be a useful tool for guiding biopsy acquisition to increase the diagnostic yield.
Gigabit Per Second Optical Chip-To-Chip Interconnects

Conventional interconnect and switching technology is rapidly becoming a critical issue in the realization of systems using high-speed silicon and GaAs-based technologies. Optical interconnect technology promises to enhance performance significantly, provide relief from the pinout problem, decrease implementation complexity, and provide improvements to the flexibility of systems by allowing real-time reconfiguration of these systems. By releasing the bandwidth constraints on interconnects, the full processing speed capabilities of silicon and GaAs logic can be exploited to dramatically improve system throughput. Using existing silicon IC technology and discrete GaAs optoelectronic components, we have been developing techniques for chip-to-chip optical interconnects for high-speed communications. In addition, we are studying the impact of high-speed optical interconnects on computing and architecture development for future systems. Results of this work are presented in this paper.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Genetic and Cultural Kinship among the Lamaleran Whale Hunters

The human ability to form large, coordinated groups is among our most impressive social adaptations. Larger groups facilitate synergistic economies of scale for cooperative breeding, such economic tasks as group hunting, and success in conflict with other groups. In many organisms, genetic relationships provide the structure for sociality to evolve via the process of kin selection, and this is the case, to a certain extent, for humans. But assortment by genetic affiliation is not the only mechanism that can bring people together. Affinity based on symbolically mediated and socially constructed identity, or cultural kinship, structures much of human ultrasociality. This paper examines how genetic kinship and two kinds of cultural kinship—affinal kinship and descent—structure the network of cooperating whale hunters in the village of Lamalera, Indonesia. Social network analyses show that each mechanism of assortment produces characteristic networks of different sizes, each more or less conducive to the task of hunting whales. Assortment via close genetic kin relationships (r = 0.5) produces a smaller, denser network. Assortment via less-close kin relations (r = 0.125) produces a larger but less dense network. Affinal networks are small and diffuse; lineage networks are larger, discrete, and very dense. The roles that genetic and cultural kinship play for structuring human sociality is discussed in the context of these results.
Integrating Business Communication Skills into a Buyer-Behavior Course Project

Marketing educators have long recognized the need for strengthening their students' business communication skills. Recruiters routinely consider superior communica tions skills as essential hiring criteria when filling entry- level marketing positions. Additionally, marketing students consistently rate communication-intensive business courses as among those most helpful to them in preparing for their business careers. This paper discusses an undergraduate buyer-behavior course project targeted at improving stu dents' business communication skills through a team- teaching project. The paper highlights the value of integrating written, oral, and electronic communications pedagogy with buyer-behavior course instruction and then outlines the project from a "how-to-do-it" perspective.
Computer Simulation on a Thermally Activated Tube Forming Process

Under thermally activated deformation condition extensive formability may be obtained. In this paper, elevated-temprature formability and tube forming process [1] were analyzed. Two most typical tube forming process, tube free expansion and in-die bulge forming, were simulated by FEA with the use of Abaqus/Standard code. An empirical material equation was used that takes into account bothe starain handening and strain rate heardening effects, to reflects, to reflect material characteristics at high strain rates and at elevated tempratures. For tube free expansion forming, the deformation path was varied by changing the end velocity with respect to internal gas pressure, thus providing an assessment of material forming limit at various strain path. Falure to may occur due to necking and bucking, which are related tko the ratio of internal pressure and end-load. The deformation process and limit strain were obtained for various meterial parameters, including n-value and m-value, as well as the tempreture distribution. The effect of tube gemetry (diameter, thickness and heating length) on the process is also investigated. For in-die tube forming process, the effect of die friction on the material flow and strain distribution was analyzed, and the thickness distributions in the longitudinal direction (for axi-symmetrical tube forming) and in the circumferential direction (for round-to-squared tube forming) were predicted as function of forming parameters. A comparison between prediction and experiment was provided.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Key factors in out-of-hospital intubation suggested for further training

Study objectives: We identify key factors affecting out-of-hospital intubation attempts. Methods: This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients transported by the primary ambulance service of a large Midwestern city. Patients were identified as requiring emergency intubation if they were newly unresponsive without a gag reflex, unresponsive with persistent pulse oximetry below 90%, or having a respiratory rate less than 10 breaths/min or greater than 30 breaths/min with persistent pulse oximetry below 90%. Analysis was done using a multiple regression model. Results: From March 2003 to June 2003, 386 transported patients required emergency intubation. Intubation was attempted in 42 (11%) patients and successful in 10 (24%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11% to 37%), which is consistent with previous studies. Using a multiple regression model, 3 factors were identified that were associated with failure to attempt intubation when indicated: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 9 or greater (odds ratio [OR] 18.2, 95% CI 6.5 to 29.9), failure to obtain intravenous access (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.7), and performing bag-valve-mask or positive pressure ventilation (PPV) (OR 50.4, 95% CI 12.8 to 88.0). Although PPV is a temporizing measure, it does not provide a definitive airway. Whether or not it should preclude out-of-hospital intubation should be addressed prospectively, especially because more than 50% of patients had persistent pulse oximetry between 80% and 90% despite PPV. Out-of-hospital personnel may benefit from further training in optimal techniques for PPV. Likewise, although advanced trauma life support protocols use GCS score as an indication for intubation, it may not be the best indication of the need for intubation, because many patients had GCS score greater than 9 but were in respiratory failure, which suggests an area for further education. Finally, the ability to establish intravenous access was a weak but persistent factor affecting intubation attempts and may be an important area for ongoing training. Conclusion: GCS score of 9 or greater, the ability to obtain intravenous access, and performing PPV were 3 factors affecting intubation attempts and may be important areas for the further training of out-of-hospital personnel.
The path integral measure, conformal factor problem and stability of the ground state of quantum gravity

Abstract The functional measure for the Feynman path integral over four-geometries is constructed by the same generally covariant methods used by Polyakov for string theory. Ultralocality and general covariance determine the gaussian measure almost uniquely, and lead to a jacobian factor in the path integral which is just that required to render the linearized conformal perturbations (σ) of any Ricci-flat background into non-propagating, constrained modes. The non-trivial jacobian in the measure is equivalent to the non-local field redefinition χ = √−▽2 σ. It is the euclidean continuation of χ (rather than σ) which leads to a completely convergent euclidean path integral, consistent with unitarity. Thus, the conformal factor problem in one-loop euclidean quantum gravity is understood to be an artifact of the naive analytic continuation of the Einstein-Hilbert action. We reconsider the issue of the ground state of quantum gravity in light of this result, and show that flat space-time is absolutely stable to gaussian quantum fluctuations in the infrared. The extension of the method to non-Ricci-flat backgrounds is discussed as well.
Spatial Proximity of Multiple Alarms and the Cry-Wolf Phenomenon:

In modern complex systems the role of the human operator has shifted from that of a system controller to more of a system supervisor. It is suggested that errors associated with these systems are often a result of technology-centered designs, which neglect the human element. Research shows that people do not always use classical decision making strategies in operational settings. This study investigated whether people, when faced with uncertainty, will employ naturalistic strategies within multiple alarm contexts. Thirty undergraduate students participated in this study, which showed that both the number and spatial proximity of multiple alarms will affect confidence in a given alarm with a known validity probability of 50%. Results suggest that presentational factors such as proximity or number of alarms may influence perceived alarm relationships, thus having both training and design implications.
Economic Merit of Crossbred and Purebred US Dairy Cattle

Heterosis and breed differences were estimated for milk yield traits, somatic cell score (SCS), and productive life (PL), a measure of longevity. Yield trait data were from 10,442 crossbreds and 140,421 purebreds born since 1990 in 572 herds. Productive life data were from 41,131 crossbred cows and 726,344 purebreds born from 1960 through 1991. The model for test-day yields and SCS included effects of herd-year-season, age, lactation stage, regression on sire's predicted transmitting ability, additive breed effects, heterosis, and recombination. The model for PL included herd-year-season, breed effects, and general heterosis. All effects were assumed to be additive, but estimates of heterosis were converted to a percentage of the parent breed average for reporting. Estimates of general heterosis were 3.4% for milk yield, 4.4% for fat yield, and 4.1% for protein yield. A coefficient of general recombination was derived for multiple-breed crosses, but recombination effects were not well estimated and small gains, not losses, were observed for yield traits in later generations. Heterosis for SCS was not significant. Estimated heterosis for PL was 1.2% of mean productive life and remained constant across the range of birth years. Protein yield of Brown Swiss x Holstein crossbreds (0.94 kg/d) equaled protein yield of purebred Holsteins. Fat yields of Jersey x Holstein and Brown Swiss x Holstein crossbreds (1.14 and 1.13 kg/d, respectively) slightly exceeded that of Holsteins (1.12 kg/d). With cheese yield pricing and with all traits considered, profit from these crosses exceeded that of Holsteins for matings at breed bases. For elite matings, Holsteins were favored because the range of evaluations is smaller and genetic progress is slower in breeds other than Holstein, in part because fewer bulls are sampled. A combined national evaluation of data for all breeds and crossbreds may be desirable but would require an extensive programming effort. Animals should receive credit for heterosis when considered as mates for another breed.