cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Fungicides and Biopesticides for Management of Phytophthora Crown and Root Rot of Gerber Daisy

Several fungicides and biopesticides were evaluated for control of Phytophthora crown and root rot of Gerber daisy caused by P. cryptogea, a frequently encountered pathogen in greenhouse production. In greenhouse trials, biopesticides were applied 3 to 5 days before inoculation with P. cryptogea, while fungicides were applied at the time of inoculation. Efficacy of the treatments was assessed according to fresh plant top weights and root rot ratings at the end of experiments. Phosphite salt fungicides such as AgriFos, Aliette, Alude, Magellan and Vital sprayed to run off prior to inoculation were ineffective. Similarly, the strobulurins (Disarm, Heritage, and Insignia) as a drench and the biopesticides (Muscodor albus, Remedier, and Taegro) incorporated or as a drench failed to prevent root and crown rot and collapse of plants. Adorn as a drench at 2 fl oz/100 gal prevented Phytophthora crown and root rot in two of three trial years. Fenstop as a drench at 14 fl oz/100 gal or Orvego as a drench at rates of 22.5 to 34 fl oz/100 gal consistently controlled disease in three years of trials. Segway as a drench at 6 fl oz/100 gal varied in efficacy but in all trials, disease development was less than the non-treated, inoculated control. Because the effective fungicides are in different Fungicide Resistance Action Committee codes, growers have valuable rotation options for managing crown and root rot caused by P. cryptogea on Gerber daisy and avoiding pathogen resistance in the Phytophthora populations.
Colonies of Honey Bees: Survival in Insecticide-Treated Arizona Cotton Fields Through Colony Managemenet

Survival of 160 colonies of Apis mellifera L. was measured in Arizona in an area where insecticides were being applied to cotton fields. At the beginning of the test, averages were determined for populations of bees in colonies; again, for colonies of the control treatment, 3 months later; for colonies covered with wet burlap, or fed pollen only, or fed pollen and given water; and, at the end of the test, for the same treatment groups and control. Populations of bees (22,700) of colonies receiving water + pollen were those of well-fed, theoretical colonies losing all field bees every 7 days.
Using Findings From the Human Rights Authority Reports to Inform Psychiatric Nursing Practice

BACKGROUND: In Illinois, the Human Rights Authority (HRA) exists to conduct investigations of complaints of violations of the rights of persons with disabilities. PURPOSE OF STUDY: The purpose of this study is to describe the findings from the HRA investigations and to determine significant implications for psychiatric nursing practice. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used, and the sample was composed of reports from the Illinois Guardianship & Advocacy Commission HRA (N = 129) for 2008. RESULTS: Allegations of restriction/notification of rights were significantly more likely to be substantiated than other allegation types. State hospitals were less likely to have allegations against them, whereas medical hospitals were less likely to have inadequate treatment allegations and more likely to have restriction/notification of rights allegations. CONCLUSIONS: The HRA findings will inform psychiatric nursing practice by expanding the nurses’ knowledge of patient rights issues.
The Origin of Electrical Potential in Biological Systems

Electrical potential of biological systems orginates from various sources such as the existence of free ions in the biological systems, ionized molecular groups or electrical polarization of biomolecules, and various forms of assembly of biomolecules possessing such ionized molecular groups or electrically polarized or polarizable molecular groups. Another source of electrical potential may come from the occurrence of electron-transfer reactions in certain biochemical reaction systems. In certain biological systems, chemoelectrical, mechanoelectrical, and thermoelectrical coupling processes may produce a special type of electrical potential. Nonpolar molecules may exert electrical forces on each other by way of instantaneously fluctuating electrical polarization within the molecules.
Laughing at Psy

Asian American historiography reveals that discrimination, stereotyping, and racism occurred from the beginning of the arrival of the Chinese, the first group of Asians in the mid-nineteenth century. These Asian migrants faced tremendous difficulties and hardships and tried their best to overcome political, social, and cultural discrimination. Over the years, Asian men were stereotyped in the American media and society as clown (jester, nonthreatening), or nerd (socially inept, sexually undesirable), or martial artists (mysterious “other”). Asian women were typecast as Dragon Lady (hypersexual, immoral, aggressive) or Lotus Blossom (submissive, docile, passive). When we examine the worldwide phenomenon of Psy’s “Gangnam Style,” we realize that in certain ways Psy fits into the Asian male stereotype of a jester, offering goofy laughs for all. As Psy rose in popularity and recordbreaking music statistics, many are left asking the question, “Are we laughing at Psy?”
Confrontations with Keynes

In 1924, Pigou instructed the Colwyn Committee on the National Debt and Taxation that the rate of unemployment is the ‘best single index’ of national prosperity (5/5/1924, in HMSO 1927, 44). If there is a dominant leitmotif of his thought, it is the analysis of the causes and consequences of unemployment and policies for containing it. These issues appear as early as his contributions to the tariff reform controversy. Wealth and Welfare, which he traced to his vision of an ambitious study of unemployment, explores them in a more comprehensive fashion. The same holds for his examination of business cycles in the first edition of The Economics of Welfare. Between 1903 and 1913, he constructed an analytical framework — systematized, at least in outline, in Unemployment (1913h) — from which he never deviated. Its fundamental premise is the distinction between short-term and long-term unemployment. Routine short-term unemployment in a free market is a brute fact. Although fluctuations of long duration could be expected, from an historical perspective they are transient. In the long run, the immanent dynamic of the economy tends to restore full employment, a state consistent with a positive rate of unemployment determined by wage policy.
Nonradiative Relaxation in Real-Time Electronic Dynamics OSCF2: Organolead Triiodide Perovskite.

We apply our recently developed nonequilibrium real-time time-dependent density functional theory (OSCF2) to investigate the transient spectrum and relaxation dynamics of the tetragonal structure of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (MAPbI3). We obtain an estimate of the interband relaxation kinetics and identify multiple ultrafast cooling channels for hot electrons and hot holes that largely corroborate the dual valence–dual conduction model. The computed relaxation rates and absorption spectra are in good agreement with the existing experimental data. We present the first ab initio simulations of the perovskite transient absorption (TA) spectrum, substantiating the assignment of induced bleaches and absorptions including a Pauli-bleach signal. This paper validates both OSCF2 as a good qualitative model of electronic dynamics, and the dominant interpretation of the TA spectrum of this material.
Vitamin K epoxide reductase expression and prostate cancer risk

Abstract Purpose Increasing evidence has demonstrated that men taking the anticoagulant warfarin have a lower risk of developing prostate cancer. This phenomenon is not observed in other cancers. We sought to determine if the target of warfarin, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), is expressed in benign and cancerous prostate tissues and if a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the VKOR gene is associated with prostate cancer risk. Materials and methods The expression of VKOR was quantified by immunohistochemistry in an institutional series of 54 radical prostatectomy samples and metastatic biopsies, as well as in 40 other cancers and matched benign tissues on a tissue microarray. Genotyping of SNP rs2359612 was performed in a prospective series of 57 patients. Results VKOR is highly expressed in benign human prostate epithelial cells but is not expressed or expressed at very low levels in cancerous cells. This expression pattern is unique to prostate cancer. Additionally, the proportion of the carrier C allele of rs2359612 in the patients with prostate cancer was significantly higher than in the population, suggesting an association between this allele and the risk of having a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Conclusions The expression of VKOR in benign prostate epithelial cells, along with the association between a functional VKOR SNP and prostate cancer risk, suggests a possible role for VKOR in mediating the effect of warfarin on prostate cancer risk. Larger multi-institutional cohort studies are warranted, as are molecular studies on the role of VKOR in prostate cancer development.
Imbricated Spaces: The High Line, Urban Parks, and the Cultural Meaning of City and Nature

This article explores how the socio-spatial relationship between cities and nature is changing under the cultural conditions of the twenty-first century. I argue that contemporary urban parks such ...
Using Fourier Series Methods to Reduce Correlation of Nuclear Power Reactor Data

In this paper, sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs) are applied to the monitoring of nuclear power reactor signals. The theory of SPRTs applied to correlated data that have an unknown distribution is very incomplete. Unfortunately, a common problem regarding the application of sequential methods to reactor variables is that the variables are often contaminated with noise that is either non-Gaussian or serially correlated (or both). A Fourier series approximation can be used to remove must of the correlation in the data. This method is relatively simple to implement but has the desirable property of reducing correlation, thereby allowing the assumption of Gaussian, independent data to hold more readily. Delayed neutron signal data and the reactor coolant pump data are analyzed. The theory has been validated by extensive testing with data from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II. The use of SPRT techniques as decision aids in two artificial intelligence-based expert systems for surveillance and diagnosis applications in nuclear reactors is also discussed.
Students and Teachers Accessing Tomorrow (STAT): Baltimore County Public School's One-to-One Digital Conversion Case in Practice

ABSTRACTBaltimore County Public Schools is in the midst of a transformation of teaching and learning; the goal being the creation of student-centered classrooms supported by a one-to-one computer for every student. This transformation, known as Students and Teachers Accessing Tomorrow, began in 2014 and is now in its third academic year. We present this reflective journey as a case in the field of one-to-one learning. The authenticity of this case will serve as a lived example and a discussion point for initiatives that follow. Specifically, this case documents and explains the process of implementing a large scale one-to-one initiative.
In the spider nursery: indifference, cooperation or antagonism?

Based on studies of adult behavior, the desert spider Agelenopsis aperta (Gertsch, 1934) is considered exemplary of a species exhibiting an aggressive syndrome. This study offers a first examination of the nature of interactions that juvenile A. aperta engage in during the period when sibs are clustered on a group web. We test the hypothesis that early instar A. aperta lack the aggressiveness noted for older instars. Our data set is comprised of observations of five weekly feedings offered to 818 sibling pairs, constituting an average of 4.6 replicate sib pairs from each of 174 families. At each weekly feeding, a worker termite was offered to each sib in the shared container in which they had built web retreats. We observed no cooperative foraging during the course of these feedings. Rather, most families exhibited a mix of independent foraging and non-injurious contests over prey. We present a brief overview of the occurrence and initiation of contests over prey, with particular reference to the weekly feeding in which contests first occur versus the feeding in which a seminal contest takes place (i.e., where sibs earn permanent winner versus loser status).
Construction of a DNA Origami Based Molecular Electro-optical Modulator.

An electro-optical modulator was constructed using a DNA nanostructure scaffold with oligomers of poly(phenylenevinylene) and polyaniline. A molecular device containing one each of the functional molecules was assembled in a DNA origami. The constructs formed an “X” shape and were visualized by atomic force microscopy. In response to redox reconfiguration, the device reversibly altered fluorescence signal output. This molecular self-assembly strategy provides opportunities to make unique material composites that are difficult to achieve by blending. The strategy offers a “plug and play” format that may lead to many new functions.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: History and Perioperative Care of Patients Undergoing HSCT

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat a variety of hematologic, oncologic, immunologic, and metabolic disorders in both children and adults. Patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation can have numerous complications such as infection, engraftment failure, mucositis, and graft versus host disease. As a result, they require numerous diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Anesthesiologists can aid these patients by providing anesthesia and/or heavy sedation for these often uncomfortable procedures. Both the underlying disease process and the complications of HSCT such as graft versus host disease must be taken into consideration when managing these patients.
The Effects of Structure on Gene Delivery with Linear β- and γ-Cyclodextrin-Containing Polycations

Cyclodextrin (CD)-containing polycations are prepared bycopolymerization of3A3B-dideoxy-3A,3B-diamino-β- and γ-CDs with dimethyl suberimidate·2HCl to yieldpolyamidine products. Both alkyl- and alkoxy-diamines are used to vary the spacing between the CDand the amidine charge centers. It is found that the transfection efficiency andtoxicity of such polycations is dramatically affected by the structure of the spacer separatingthe CD ring from the charge centers and less so by the type of CD used.
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfur Containing Substrates

A number of phase transfer reactions of sulfur containing substrates have been reported. These include substitution reactions in which sulfur is nucleophile, electro­phile or an ancillary function. The synthesis of a variety of thioethers has been reported, as have the alkylation of numerous sulfur stabilized carbanions. In addition, reduction of both disulfides and N-tosylsulfilimines have been conducted under phase transfer catalytic conditions. The unifying theme of this chapter is, therefore, the synthesis and reactions of sulfur containing molecules. Inherent in this approach is some redundancy, but it is hoped that the ability to locate reactions of interest com­pensates.
Impact of presenting patient characteristics on surgical complications and morbidity in early onset scoliosis.

Abstract This study sought to assess comorbidity profiles unique to early-onset-scoliosis (EOS) patients by employing cluster analytics and to determine the influence of isolated comorbidity clusters on perioperative complications, morbidity and mortality using a high powered administrative database. The KID database was queried for ICD-9 codes pertaining to congenital and idiopathic scoliosis from 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012. Patients Level of Evidence: III – Retrospective Prognostic Study.
Fruit and Vegetable Prescriptions for Pediatric Patients Living in Flint, Michigan: A Cross-Sectional Study of Food Security and Dietary Patterns at Baseline

Though fruit and vegetable consumption is essential for disease prevention and health maintenance, intake among children fails to meet dietary recommendations. Limited access to and the affordability of fresh produce, particularly among low-income youth, are barriers to adequate intake. To address these challenges, researchers and pediatricians in Flint, Michigan, expanded a successful fruit and vegetable prescription program that provides one $15 prescription for fresh fruits and vegetables to every child at every office visit. Vendors include the downtown farmers’ market and a local mobile market. This study describes baseline characteristics, dietary patterns, food access, and food security among 261 caregiver–child dyads enrolled August 2018–March 2019. The child-reported mean daily intake of vegetables (0.72 cups ± 0.77), dairy products (1.33 cups ± 1.22), and whole grains (0.51 ounces ± 0.49) were well below recommendations. Furthermore, 53% of children and 49% of caregivers who completed the food security module indicated low or very low food security. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the child consumption of fruits and vegetables between households that reported high versus low food security (p > 0.05). Results validate and raise deep concerns about poor dietary patterns and food insecurity issues facing Flint children, many of whom continue to battle with an ongoing drinking water crisis. Additional poverty-mitigating efforts, such as fruit and vegetable prescription programs, are necessary to address these gaps.
Ultraviolet light induces increased T cell activation in lupus-prone mice via type I IFN-dependent inhibition of T regulatory cells.

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) light is a known trigger of skin and possibly systemic inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Although type I interferons (IFN) are upregulated in SLE skin after UV exposure, the mechanisms to explain increased UVB-induced inflammation remain unclear. This paper compares the role of type I IFNs in regulating immune cell activation between wild-type and lupus-prone mice following UVB exposure. 10-week old female lupus-prone (NZM2328), wild-type (BALB/c) and iNZM mice (lack a functional type I IFN receptor on NZM2328 background) were treated on their dorsal skin with 100 mJ/cm2 of UVB for 5 consecutive days. Following UVB treatment, draining lymph node cell populations were characterized via flow cytometry and suppression assays; treated skin was examined for changes in expression of type I IFN genes. Only NZM2328 mice showed an increase in T cell numbers and activation 2 weeks post UVB exposure. This was preceded by a significant increase in UVB-induced type I IFN expression in NZM2328 mice compared to BALB/c mice. Following UVB exposure, both BALB/c and iNZM mice demonstrated an increase in functional T regulatory (TReg) cells; however, this was not seen in NZM2328 mice. These data suggest a skewed UVB-mediated T cell response in lupus-prone mice where activation of T cells is enhanced secondary to a type I IFN-dependent suppression of TReg cells. Thus, we propose type I IFNs are important for UVB-induced inflammation in lupus-prone mice and may be an effective target for prevention of UVB-mediated flares.
Functions of short lifetime biological structures at large: the case of intrinsically disordered proteins

Although for more than a century a protein function was intimately associated with the presence of unique structure in a protein molecule, recent years witnessed a skyrocket rise of the appreciation of protein intrinsic disorder concept that emphasizes the importance of the biologically active proteins without ordered structures. In different proteins, the depth and breadth of disorder penetrance are different, generating an amusing spatiotemporal heterogeneity of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein region regions (IDPRs), which are typically described as highly dynamic ensembles of rapidly interconverting conformations (or a multitude of short lifetime structures). IDPs/IDPRs constitute a substantial part of protein kingdom and have unique functions complementary to functional repertoires of ordered proteins. They are recognized as interaction specialists and global controllers that play crucial roles in regulation of functions of their binding partners and in controlling large biological networks. IDPs/IDPRs are characterized by immense binding promiscuity and are able to use a broad spectrum of binding modes, often resulting in the formation of short lifetime complexes. In their turn, functions of IDPs and IDPRs are controlled by various means, such as numerous posttranslational modifications and alternative splicing. Some of the functions of IDPs/IDPRs are briefly considered in this review to shed some light on the biological roles of short-lived structures at large.
Multi-Node Modeling of Cryogenic Tank Pressurization System using Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program

This paper presents a multi-node model of autogenous pressurization of cryogenic propellant in a flight tank using the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP), a general purpose flow network code developed at NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center. Tests were conducted to measure the pressure and temperatures at the various axial locations of the stratified ullage at 75% and 45% fill level. Liquid nitrogen was pressurized by gaseous nitrogen from a supply tank while the drain valve from the tank remained closed during the pressurization process. The ullage was discretized into 25 uniformly distributed nodes: 5 in the radial direction and 5 in the axial direction assuming the flow to be axisymmetric. Heat and mass transfer between the liquid and vapor has been modeled at the liquid vapor interface. Heat transfer between wall and vapor at the ullage has been accounted for by assuming heat transfer occurs by natural convection. The model also accounts for heat leak to the tank through the insulation and metal wall by heat conduction. The predicted pressures and temperatures are compared with the measured data.
The Hyperechoic Appearance of the Deltoid Muscle on Shoulder Ultrasound Imaging as a Predictor of Diabetes and Prediabetes

Objectives To evaluate whether the ultrasound appearance of the deltoid muscle in diabetic patients differs from that in obese nondiabetic patients. Methods Ultrasound images of the deltoid muscle from 137 type 2 diabetic patients (including 13 prediabetic patients) and 49 obese nondiabetic patients were blindly reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists, and by a third when arbitration was needed, to determine whether the appearance was "normal," "suspected diabetes," or "definite diabetes." Age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), insulin use, and hemoglobin A1c were analyzed. This retrospective study included patients presenting between October 2005 and November 2017. Statistical analyses included a 2-sided sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test and a χ2 or Fisher exact test. Statistical significance was defined as P Results The type 2 diabetic patients included 98 women and 39 men aged 29 to 92 years, and the nondiabetic patients included 19 women and 30 men aged 18 to 75 years. A consensus diagnosis of definite diabetes by the musculoskeletal radiologists based on a hyperechoic deltoid was a powerful predictor of diabetes, with a positive predictive value of 89%. A hyperechoic deltoid was also a powerful predictor of prediabetes. Of the 13 prediabetic patients, all had the same hyperechoic appearance of the diabetic deltoid, regardless of BMI. Although obese diabetic patients more often had a diagnosis of definite diabetes, the BMI alone could not explain the increased echogenicity, as obese nondiabetic patients' deltoid muscles did not appear as hyperechoic and were correctly categorized as not having definite diabetes with 82% specificity. Conclusions The characteristic hyperechoic deltoid appearance is a strong predictor of both diabetes and prediabetes and differs from that of obese nondiabetic patients.
Three-Dimensional, Scaffolded Tumor Model to Study Cell-Driven Microenvironment Effects and Therapeutic Responses

Development of novel therapeutics is limited by a lack of accurate preclinical models for testing, specifically the inability of traditional 2D culture (monolayer) to accurately mimic in vivo tumors. In this work, lyophilized silk fibroin scaffolds were used to develop 3D neuroblastoma models (scaffolded NB) using multiple neuroblastoma cell lines (SK-N-AS, KELLY, and SH-SY5Y). Cells grown on scaffolds in low (1%) and ambient (21%) oxygen were compared to traditional monolayer cell culture. Monolayer cultures under low oxygen conditions exhibited increased expression of hypoxia-related genes such as VEGF, CAIX, and GLUT1. Scaffolded NB exhibited increased hypoxia-related gene expression under both low and ambient oxygen conditions. Pimonidazole staining confirmed the presence of hypoxic regions in the scaffolded NB. Cytokine secretion in the monolayer and scaffolded NB suggested differential secretion of cytokines due to both oxygen concentration (ex. VEGF, CCL3, and uPAR) and scaffolded culture (ex. IL-8...
Light, Paul C. The Government-Industrial Complex: The True Size of the Federal Government, 1984–2018: New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2019. 225 pages. $29.95 (hardcover).

When President Dwight Eisenhower left office in 1961, the parting words in his farewell address warned of a new and burgeoning “military-industrial complex.” In a sense, Eisenhower was lamenting th...
Chapter Five – REVENUE ANALYSIS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on revenue analysis. Total revenue, or simply revenue, is the amount of sales receipts obtained from the buyers. This figure is obtained by multiplying the price of the product by the quantity of units of the product purchased at that price. Thus, total revenue (TR), or simply revenue (R), is the product of price (P) and quantity (Q), or TR = P × Q. Marginal revenue is the change in revenue associated with the change in the sale of 1 unit. For example, if the total revenue of 20 units is $200 and that of 21 units is $210, the marginal revenue of the 21st unit is $10. From a graphical standpoint, the marginal revenue is the value of the tangent drawn to the total revenue function—that is, the value of the slope of the total revenue function indicates the value of the marginal revenue. Total revenue changes when the price is altered because the quantity demanded is inversely related to the price.
CHAPTER 2 – Reinforcement Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of reinforcement theory. The primary assumption for reinforcement models of attitude change is that a positive message induces positive change and a negative message induces negative change. There are four secondary assumptions. A model for attitude change might or might not assume polarity effects, agreement–disagreement asymmetry, an absolute limit on attitudes, and source credibility effects. Hence, it is mathematically possible to have 16 different models of attitude change. The primary assumption for source change is that source change is positive if the source agrees with the subject and negative if the source disagrees with the subject. There are secondary assumptions. A model may or may not assume polarity effects, absolute bounds on the attitude toward the source, or an upper bound on the emotional response produced by agreement–disagreement. Thus, it is mathematically possible to have eight different models of source change. However, the assumption of absolute limits qualitatively includes a polarity assumption and an upper bound on the effect of agreement. Hence, there are only 5 distinct models of source change.
Contribution of comorbidities to obesity-related asthma in children

Children with obesity are at increased risk for developing asthma that is difficult to control. A complicating factor to asthma management among these children is likely the commonplace co-morbidities that also result from obesity. We discuss three common obesity-related comorbidities which appear to complicate the effective management of asthma, including hypovitaminosis D, obstructive sleep apnea and gastro-esophageal reflux. Each conditions requires more research to understand their effects on asthma management.
Decentralized Function Approximated Q-Learning in Multi-Robot Systems For Predator Avoidance

The nature-inspired behavior of collective motion is found to be an optimal solution in swarming systems for predator avoidance and survival. In this work, we propose a two-level control architecture for multi-robot systems (MRS), which leverages the advantages of flocking control and function approximated reinforcement learning for predator avoidance task. Reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems has gained a tremendous amount of interest in recent few years. Computationally intensive architectures such as deep reinforcement learning and actor-critic approaches have been extensively developed and have proved to be extremely efficient. The proposed approach, comprising of cooperative function approximated Q-learning, is applied such that it ensures formation maintenance in MRS while predator avoidance. A consensus filter is incorporated into the control architecture, to sense predators in close vicinity in a distributed and cooperative fashion to ensure consensus on states among the robots in the system. The proposed approach is proved to be convergent and results in superior performance in unexplored states and reduced number of variables. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach over existing methods. We expect that the proposed approach can be conveniently applied to many other areas with little modifications, such as fire-fighting robots, surveillance and patrolling robots.
Conservatively treated endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia/cancer: Risk of intrauterine synechiae.

Abstract Introduction To determine whether progestin type or number of dilation and curettage procedures (DC 10 (19 %) had IS. When DC 14 women achieved a total of 20 pregnancies and 9 women had total of 15 livebirths (41 % livebirth rate). The number of D&Cs and progestin treatment type were not associated with pregnancy outcomes. Discussion Among 54 patients conservatively treated for EC/EIN, nearly 20 % developed IS. However, hysteroscopic and/or fertility treatments may improve pregnancy outcomes.
Previously uncharacterized interactions between the folded and intrinsically disordered domains impart asymmetric effects on UBQLN2 phase separation

Shuttle protein UBQLN2 functions in protein quality control (PQC) by binding to proteasomal receptors and ubiquitinated substrates via its N-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBL) and C-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains, respectively. Between these two folded domains are intrinsically disordered STI1-I and STI1-II regions, connected by disordered linkers. The STI1 regions bind other components, such as HSP70, that are important to the PQC functions of UBQLN2. We recently determined that the STI1-II region enables UBQLN2 to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form liquid droplets in vitro and biomolecular condensates in cells. However, how the interplay between the folded (UBL/UBA) domains and the intrinsically-disordered regions mediates phase separation is largely unknown. Using engineered domain deletion constructs, we found that removing the UBA domain inhibits UBQLN2 LLPS while removing the UBL domain enhances LLPS, suggesting that UBA and UBL domains contribute asymmetrically in modulating UBQLN2 LLPS. To explain these differential effects, we interrogated the interactions that involve the UBA and UBL domains across the entire UBQLN2 molecule using NMR spectroscopy. To our surprise, aside from well-studied canonical UBL:UBA interactions, there also exist moderate and weak interactions between the UBL and STI1-I/STI1-II domains, and between the UBA domain and the linker connecting the two STI1 regions, respectively. Our findings are essential for the understanding of both the molecular driving forces of UBQLN2 LLPS and the effects of ligand binding to UBL, UBA, or STI1 domains on the phase behavior and physiological functions of UBQLN2. Impact of Work StatementZheng and Castaneda show that interplay between the folded domains and intrinsically disordered regions regulates liquid-liquid phase separation behavior of UBQLN2, a protein quality control (PQC) shuttle protein. Despite their similar size, the folded UBL and UBA domains inhibit and promote phase separation, respectively, due to their previously uncharacterized, asymmetric interactions with the middle intrinsically-disordered region. These results strongly suggest that PQC components, including proteasomal receptors, are likely to modulate UBQLN2 phase separation behavior in cells.
Heterogenous susceptibility to R-pyocin killing in populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sourced from cystic fibrosis lungs

Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antimicrobials produced by bacteria which are active against other strains of the same species. R-type pyocins are phage tail-like bacteriocins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to their anti-pseudomonal activity, R-pyocins have potential as therapeutics in infection. P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and is particularly problematic for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). P. aeruginosa from CF lung infections develop increasing resistance to antibiotics, making new treatment approaches essential. P. aeruginosa populations become phenotypically and genotypically diverse during infection, however, little is known of the efficacy of R-pyocins against heterogeneous populations. R-pyocins vary by subtype (R1-R5), distinguished by binding to different residues on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Each type varies in killing spectrum, and each strain produces only one R-type. To evaluate the prevalence of different R-types, we screened P. aeruginosa strains from the International Pseudomonas Consortium Database (IPCD) and from our biobank of CF strains. We found that (i) R1-types were the most prevalent R-type among strains from respiratory sources; (ii) there is a large number of strains lacking R-pyocin genes, and (iii) isolates collected from the same patient have the same R-type. We then assessed the impact of intra-strain diversity on R-pyocin susceptibility and found a heterogenous response to R-pyocins within populations, likely due to differences in the LPS core. Our work reveals that heterogeneous populations of microbes exhibit variable susceptibility to R-pyocins and highlights that there is likely heterogeneity in response to other types of LPS-binding antimicrobials, including phage.
Design and Assessment of a Task-Driven Introductory Data Science Course Taught Concurrently in Multiple Languages: Python, R, and MATLAB

We discuss the design, effectiveness, and curricular impacts of an introductory data science course that uniquely meets a number of competing constraints. Student needs range from an initial exploration for future data scientists to the only computing course for some science students. Initially, associated research labs, departments, and industries provided differing perspectives on skills and preferred programming languages. The focus was on practical programming skills and learning through demos to develop useful skills quickly. The task-driven nature also enabled the mutual development of resources for each of the top three requested languages, Python, R, and MATLAB, allowing students to concurrently complete the course in any of the three languages. Tutorials in all three languages were produced to prepare students for the language-independent task-driven assignments given each day. For consistency all tutorials and assignments use the Jupyter notebook cell-based workflow. Feedback and performance measures of three student cohorts (Spring 2018, Fall 2018, and Spring 2019) are analyzed. Feedback included an average rating that met or exceeded 4 ("substantial progress") out of 5 for each separate cohort on all four general educational objectives (Basic Understanding, Developing Skills, Application, and Numeric Methods). 75% of responding students indicated a preference for the multi-language course design. The course also attracted a majority of women every semester (63% female, average). Because of these benefits, this course became the recommended first programming course for a newly developed and approved undergraduate data science major. All material is online and available at https://sites.google.com/view/comp-180
The Analytics of Technology News Shocks

This paper constructs several models in which, unlike the standard neoclassical growth model, positive news about future technology generates an increase in current consumption, hours and investment. These models are said to exhibit procyclical news shocks. We find that all models that exhibit procyclical news shocks in our paper have two commonalities. There are mechanisms to ensure that: (I) consumption does not crowd out investment, or vice versa; (II) the benefit of forgoing leisure in response to news shocks outweighs the cost. Among the models we consider, we believe, one model holds the greatest potential for explaining procyclical news shocks. Its critical assumption is that news of the future technology also illuminates the nature of this technology. This illumination in turn permits economic actors to invest in capital that is forward-compatible, i.e. adapted to the new technology. On the technical side, our paper reintroduces the Laplace transform as a tool for studying dynamic economies analytically. Using Laplace transforms we are able to study and prove results about the full dynamics of the model in response to news shocks.
Managing Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: Role of a Women's Heart Center.

Heart centers for women (HCW) were developed due to the rising cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women in the United States in the early 1990s. Our review encompasses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic strategies, treatments, and the role of HCW in managing women with ischemic heart disease (IHD). HCW use a multidisciplinary team to manage women with IHD. Due to the paucity of randomized controlled trials investigating various manifestations of IHD, some treatments are not evidence-based such as those for coronary microvascular dysfunction and spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Sex-specific risk factors have been identified and multimodality cardiac imaging is improving in diagnosing IHD in women. Treatments are being studied to help improve symptoms and outcomes in women with IHD. There has been progress in the care of women with IHD. HCW can be instrumental in treating women with IHD, doing research, and being a source of research study participants.
Loss of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Improves Blood Pressure in Elastin Insufficiency.

There is ample evidence supporting a role for angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in counterbalancing the effects of angiotensin II (ang II) through the angiotensin II type 1 receptor by promoting vasodilation and having anti-inflammatory effects. Elastin insufficiency in both humans and mice results in large artery stiffness and systolic hypertension. Unexpectedly, mesenteric arteries from elastin insufficient (Eln +/-) mice were shown to have significant vasoconstriction to AT2R agonism in vitro suggesting that AT2R may have vasoconstrictor effects in elastin insufficiency. Given the potential promise for the use of AT2R agonists clinically, the goal of this study was to determine whether AT2R has vasoconstrictive effects in elastin insufficiency in vivo. To avoid off-target effects of agonists and antagonists, mice lacking AT2R (Agtr2 -/Y ) were bred to Eln +/- mice and cardiovascular parameters were assessed in wild-type (WT), Agtr2 -/Y , Eln +/-, and Agtr2 -/Y ;Eln +/- littermates. As previously published, Agtr2 -/Y mice were normotensive at baseline and had no large artery stiffness, while Eln +/- mice exhibited systolic hypertension and large artery stiffness. Loss of AT2R in Eln +/- mice did not affect large artery stiffness or arterial structure but resulted in significant reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These data support a potential vasocontractile role for AT2R in elastin insufficiency. Careful consideration and investigation are necessary to determine the patient population that might benefit from the use of AT2R agonists.
Capacity Enhancement of a Lithium Oxygen Flow Battery

A two-dimensional model is developed for an aprotic lithium oxygen (Li–O2) flow battery, in which the organic electrolyte is recirculated through the cathode to enhance oxygen supply. The conventional Li–O2 battery model is extended to incorporate convection effects. In contrast to the classic flow battery models, the pore structure change caused by the insoluble discharge product of Li–O2 batteries is considered. A parametric study is performed to study the influence of model parameters on cathode specific capacity. Results show that contrary to conventional Li–O2 cells, electrolyte with a lower conductivity would increase the specific capacity of the Li–O2 flow cell. The results also reveal those parameters that are influential to battery capacity. Based on the analysis, two methods, dual layer cathode and alternating electrolyte flow, are proposed to enhance battery capacity. The dual layer cathode has 105% higher capacity than a single layer cathode at the current density of 1.5 mA cm−2. Alternating electrolyte flow can increase the cathode capacity by 3.7% at the current density of 0.2 mA cm−2.
Front Tracking Simulations of Shock Refractions and Shock-Induced Mixing

We discuss the use of front tracking to simulate shock reflections and shock-accelerated interfaces. Our simulations of regular Mach reflection show enhanced resolution of the primary waves in the interaction, and our computations of the growth rate of a Richtmyer-Meshkov unstable interface are the first numerical results that are in quantitative agreement with experiments on a shocked air-SF6 interface. Previous computations of the growth rate of the instability produced values that were almost twice those found in experiments.
Effect of the structural constituents of metal organic frameworks on carbon dioxide capture

Abstract Currently one of the heightened global concerns is increasing CO 2 atmospheric concentration which is argued to be one the main contributing factors in rising global temperature and climate change. Carbon capture and storage technologies show promise in this field with most of the research currently focused on large CO 2 emission sources such as coal fired power plants. Competitive CO 2 capture capacities were obtained with metal organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of crystalline materials, as adsorbents at the CO 2 partial pressures expected in flue gas or lower, owing to their unique properties including high surface area, well-defined porosity, and ease of chemical tunability of the framework structure for introduction of additional physical and/or chemical properties. This review paper summarizes the recent and notable works in the area of CO 2 capture using MOFs as adsorbents with an emphasis on their structure–property-relationship, i.e., structural variations of MOF frameworks and their consequences to CO 2 capture performance. Structures of the MOFs reported are discussed and compared based on the effects of the choice for the main constituting parts such as metal centers and organic ligands. Effect of addition of functional groups have been found to be significant over the years and also discussed here. Various synthesis routes to achieve MOF crystals, and the role of MOFs particles within mixed matrix membranes for CO 2 separation are also examined. Lastly, an economic analysis of MOF synthesis techniques and implementation are discussed.
Effectiveness of tirofiban, eptifibatide, and abciximab in minimizing myocardial necrosis during percutaneous coronary intervention (TEAM pilot study).

The TEAM pilot study underscores the importance of adequate platelet inhibition (>90% PI) in high-risk PCI, and demonstrates that attaining >90% PI is possible in most patients by adding a half-bolus of any GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor, with no increase in major/minor bleeding similar periprocedural myocardial necrosis, and 30-day MACE with all 3 GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors.
Fine-scale diversity and extensive recombination in a quasisexual bacterial population occupying a broad niche

Extensive fine-scale genetic diversity is found in many microbial species across varied environments, but for most, the evolutionary scenarios that generate the observed variation remain unclear. Deep sequencing of a thermophilic cyanobacterial population and analysis of the statistics of synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed a high rate of homologous recombination and departures from neutral drift consistent with the effects of genetic hitchhiking. A sequenced isolate genome resembled an unlinked random mixture of the allelic diversity at the sampled loci. These observations suggested a quasisexual microbial population that occupies a broad ecological niche, with selection driving frequencies of alleles rather than whole genomes.
Quadratic Forms and Automorphic Forms

These notes give a friendly four-part introduction to various aspects of the arithmetic and analytic theories of quadratic forms, aimed at a graduate-level audience. The main themes discussed are: geometry and local-global methods, theta functions and Siegel’s theorem, Clifford algebras and spin groups, and adelic theta liftings via the Weil representation.
Occupancy estimation for rare species using a spatially-adaptive sampling design

Summary Spatially clustered populations create unique challenges for conservation monitoring programmes. Advances in methodology typically are focused on either the design or the modelling stage of the study but do not involve integration of both. We integrate adaptive cluster sampling and spatial occupancy modelling by developing two models to handle the dependence induced by cluster sampling. We compare these models to scenarios using simple random sampling and traditional occupancy models via simulation and data collected on a rare plant species, Tamarix ramosissima, found in China. Our simulations show a marked improvement in confidence interval coverage for the new models combined with cluster sampling compared to simple random sampling and traditional occupancy models, with greatest improvement in the presence of low detection probability and spatial correlation in occupancy. Accounting for the design using the simple cluster random-effects model reduces bias considerably, and full spatial modelling reduces bias further, especially for large n when the spatial covariance parameters can be estimated reliably. Both new models build on the strength of occupancy modelling and adaptive sampling and perform at least as well, and often better, than occupancy modelling alone. We believe our approach is unique and potentially useful for a variety of studies directed at patchily distributed, clustered or rare species exhibiting spatial variation.