cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION IN ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY FOR AGED BLIND ADULTS

The ability to move about safely and independently is regarded as a basic tenet of our society. For many aged visually impaired persons (VIPs), however, the ability to move about safely and independently is often limited, or may not exist at all. Vision loss, concomitant with other sensory and physical deficits, may be the deciding factor for the aged VIP to remain sedentary. Yet loss of vision need not be viewed synonymously with loss of mobility. Remaining an independent and safe traveler with vision loss is a challenge, but it is also an attainable goal. This article presents information that describes the results of a unique project designed to qualitatively increase the aged VIP's indoor orientation and mobility (O&M) skills. Enhancing the mobility skills of the aged VIP may increase the individual's physical abilities and confidence (Ross, 1984).
Addison's disease in a Negro child

Summary A case history is presented of a 2/12-year-old Negro female infant who diedin what appeared to be an acute Addisonian crisis precipitated by otitis media and bronchopneumonia. At autopsy most of the adrenal gland tissue had been replaced bilaterally by fibrosis, calcification, and heteroplastic bone formation. This destruction of the gland is believed to have resulted from a septicemia at the age of one month. To our knowledge this is the first case of Addison's disease ever reported in a Negro child.
Orthopedic disorders in the neonatal foal

Abstract Orthopedic disorders are common in foals and can vary in severity from mild tendon laxity to septic polyarthritis and osteomyelitis. Premature, dysmature, or weak/ill foals will often have or develop tendon laxity, because they spend prolonged periods in recumbency. Gradual and controlled increases in exercise, with hoof support if the laxity is severe, are usually sufficient to correct the problem. In contrast, tendon contracture may require more aggressive medical and surgical intervention to resolve the problem. Premature and/or weak foals can also develop angular limb deformities. In these foals, radiographic evaluation is important to examine the degree of cuboidal bone ossification. Delayed ossification requires that exercise be restricted, with or without splinting, to allow the normal ossification process to proceed without the development of permanent deformities. Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis can be a severe consequence of foal septicemia. Therefore, sick foal should be monitored closely for the development of lameness, joint distention, or physeal enlargement and pain. Septic arthritis/osteomyelitis is an emergency situation that requires immediate institution of appropriate treatment.
Detection limit of chemical gases in ambient air with co-linear photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy

The frequency response of photo-thermal deflection spectroscopy, caused by infrared resonant absorption in analyte gases in open air using a common collinear pump-probe beam configuration, is studied using experiment and theory. The heat diffusion simulation and the experiment showed a roll-off of 50 to 60 Hz. This is in agreement with work performed by other authors. It was found, that the frequency response curve shapes for the numerical simulations of the deflection angle and the experimental deflection voltage signal disagreed by less than 20 percent over the range of 10 Hz to 1 kHz. A frequency dependent turbulence model is used to determine a noise floor as a function of modulation frequency, between 5 and 5000 Hz, for a probe beam at several different standoff distances from the analyte using parameter scaling. From both experiments, the turbulence equivalent concentration is extracted from the extrapolated curves. The best extrapolations give absorbances of 2·10−5 and 3.2·10−5 for 50°C and 75°C thermal sources, respectively. The most sensitive parameters, which the equivalent concentration depends on, are pump power, pump radius, standoff distance, and absorption length of the gas sample. Lens focusing at the detector allows a smaller detector to be used for probe beams which diverge from the source.
Free energy simulations reveal a double mutant avian H5N1 virus hemagglutinin with altered receptor binding specificity

Historically, influenza pandemics have been triggered when an avian influenza virus or a human/avian reassorted virus acquires the ability to replicate efficiently and become transmissible in the human population. Most critically, the major surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) must adapt to the usage of human-like (alpha-2,6-linked) sialylated glycan receptors. Therefore, identification of mutations that can switch the currently circulating H5N1 HA receptor binding specificity from avian to human might provide leads to the emergence of pandemic H5N1 viruses. To define such mutations in the H5 subtype, here we provide a computational framework that combines molecular modeling with extensive free energy simulations. Our results show that the simulated binding affinities are in good agreement with currently available experimental data. Moreover, we predict that one double mutation (V135S and A138S) in HA significantly enhances alpha-2,6-linked receptor recognition by the H5 subtype. Our simulations indicate that this double mutation in H5N1 HA increases the binding affinity to alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors by 2.6 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol per HA monomer that primarily arises from the electrostatic interactions. Further analyses reveal that introduction of this double mutation results in a conformational change in the receptor binding pocket of H5N1 HA. As a result, a major rearrangement occurs in the hydrogen-bonding network of HA with the human receptor, making the human receptor binding pattern of double mutant H5N1 HA surprisingly similar to that observed in human H1N1 HA. These large scale molecular simulations on single and double mutants thus provide new insights into our understanding toward human adaptation of the avian H5N1 virus.
Evidence from cathodoluminescence for non-volcanic origin of shocked quartz at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary

Bohor et al.1 have described shocked quartz, displaying one or more sets of planar elements indexed to rational crystallographic planes, associated with anomalous siderophile abundances at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) stratigraphic boundary in eastern Montana. Shocked quartz has subsequently been shown at several K/T boundary sections around the world, and has been attributed to the effects of impact on crustal rocks2–7. This impact may have occurred within the scenario of comet (or meteor) collision8,9 or, alternatively, shocked quartz at the K/T boundary could be the product of volcanic eruption, rather than bolide impact10–14. Here we describe a cathodoluminescence study of shocked quartz at the K/T boundary in southeastern Colorado that reveals a diversity of luminescence colours not present in quartz from known volcanic ejecta, but typical of quartz in crustal/supracrustal lithologies. Cathodoluminescence colour diversity indicates that the grains were originally derived from a variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks subsequently overprinted with planar shock features. These observations lend support to the hypothesis of bolide impact at the end of the Cretaceous period.
Splanchnic and intestinal uptake and formation of estriol and estriol conjugates in the dog in vivo.

Abstract A loading dose of 3H-estriol was given to male dogs followed by a constant infusion. The concentrations of total radioactivity, conjugated estriol metabolites, estriol, estriol-3-glucosiduronate, estriol-16αglucosiduronate, estriol-3-sulfate and estriol-3-sulfate,16α-glucosiduronate were determined in plasma from the femoral artery(A), hepatic vein(HV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). From these values the splanchnic (100[1-HV/A]) and intestinal (100[l-SMV/A]) extractions were calculated. The mean splanchnic extraction of total radioactivity was positive (23, SE 3, P
Psoriasis responds to intralesional injections of alefacept and may predict systemic response to intramuscular alefacept: Interim results of a single-arm, open-label study

Abstract Background: Alefacept is a remittive treatment for generalized psoriasis but is rarely used due to its erratic efficacy. Objective: To determine if psoriasis plaques will respond to intralesional alefacept and if this predicts a systemic response to intramuscular (IM) alefacept. Methods: We describe a 25-week, single-center, open-label study. Patients received weekly intralesional alefacept of increasing concentrations into target plaques for 3 weeks followed by IM injections for 12 weeks and concluded with an observation period of 9 weeks. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was used to assess the efficacy of IM alefacept. Results: Interim results are reported for the first seven patients enrolled. Two patients responded intralesionally to the most dilute 1:100 concentration of alefacept to sterile water and achieved a 59% and 100% improvement in PASI. Five patients did not respond intralesionally to the most dilute form of alefacept and none achieved PASI 75. Two of these five patients...
Contemporary use of adjunctive thrombectomy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the united states†

Objectives We sought to examine the contemporary use of thrombectomy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the United States. Background Adjunctive thrombectomy during primary PCI for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has demonstrated mixed results. While earlier studies showed either unfavorable or neutral effects with rheolytic thrombectomy, recent clinical trials have shown benefits with manual or rheolytic thrombectomy when compared to PCI alone. Methods We analyzed data from 122,449 patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI from 1,181 centers reported to the CathPCI Registry® between July 2009 and December 2010. We used logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with the use of manual and rheolytic thrombectomy. Results Thrombectomy was performed in 23,195 patients (18.9%): 22,404 (18.3%) had manual thrombectomy and 791 (0.6%) had rheolytic thrombectomy. The use of manual thrombectomy increased over time (P < 0.05). The use of rheolytic thrombectomy did not change. There was significant variation in the use of thrombectomy across hospitals. The strongest predictors of manual versus no thrombectomy included TIMI 0/1 flow (odds ratio 1.69), younger age (OR 0.90 per 10 year increase), saphenous vein graft (OR 2.22), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (OR 1.34), single-vessel disease (OR 1.13), and year of admission (OR 1.20 per year; all P < 0.001). The strongest predictor of manual versus rheolytic thrombectomy was year of admission (OR 1.23, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our data show that thrombectomy is performed infrequently in the US during primary PCI for STEMI. There is significant variation in the use of thrombectomy across US hospitals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of Matter and Antimatter

DOES the universe contain equal amounts of matter and antimatter? Unless one invokes an asymmetric initial condition, charge symmetry follows from the conservation of baryons. An asymmetric initial condition cannot be ruled out, however, and in fact is postulated in the standard version of the big-bang cosmology.
“Dear Dr. Kothari …”: Sexuality, violence against women, and the parallel public sphere in India

In India, cultural prohibitions on discussions about sexuality and violence against women have resulted in a parallel public sphere in which individuals make use of popular culture to resolve private dilemmas. In this article, I examine how female discourse regarding two highly publicized cases of violence against women in Mumbai employed the parallel public sphere, a cultural phenomenon that allows individual normalcy to be gauged as part of a broader process by which the silenced learn to use their voices only at certain times and in certain ways. [South Asia, sexuality, Mumbai, popular culture, Habermas, violence against women]
Effect of Mobile Phase Components on the Separation of Polypeptides Using Carbon Dioxide‐Based Mobile Phases

The effect of mobile phase modifier and additive on the chromatographic properties of various small polypeptides was explored under subcritical conditions. A polymeric column was used to separate various enkephalin analogs, bradykinin, and oxytocin using a carbon dioxide-based mobile phase with either an ethanol or a 2-methoxyethanol modifier. The role of the modifier was found to be secondary to that of the mobile phase additive. As progressively stronger acidic mobile phase additives were used, the peak profiles of the various polypeptides improved and retention decreased. Heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid was found to be the most useful additive for these types of solutes under near-critical conditions, while the potassium salt of heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid failed to elute any of the polypeptides. At low temperatures, pressure gradients with a carbon dioxide/ethanol/heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid ternary mobile phase produced reasonably good peak profiles with the polymeric column.
Grouped Versus Randomized Format: An Investigation of Scale Convergent and Discriminant Validity Using LISREL Confirmatory Factor Analysis

LISREL maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analyses (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984) were conducted to explore the effects of two questionnaire formats (grouping versus randomizing items) on the conver gent and discriminant validity of two sets of question naire measures. The first set of measures consisted of satisfaction scales that had demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in earlier studies; the second set of scales were job characteristics measures that had shown discriminant validity problems in previous re search. Correlational data were collected from two groups of employed business administration students (N = 80 in each group) concurrently (Study 1) and at two points in time (Study 2). The results of the anal yses showed that the grouped format was superior to the random format, particularly with respect to the weaker measures (the job characteristics scales). The results also illustrated and supported the usefulness of LISREL confirmatory factor analysis in studies of con vergent and disc...
Networks of bacteria colonies: A new framework for reliable molecular communication networking

Abstract The prospect of new biological and industrial applications that require communication in micro-scale, encourages research on the design of bio-compatible communication networks using networking primitives already available in nature. One of the most promising candidates for constructing such networks is to adapt and engineer specific types of bacteria that are capable of sensing, actuation, and above all, communication with each other. In this paper, we present networking of bacteria colonies via molecular communication in a diffusion channel. The node in the network itself is a population of bacteria; as an individual bacterium (biological agent) is a tiny unreliable element with limited capabilities. Each single bacterium in the population senses a parameter of interest (e.g., a chemical) and reacts accordingly. The overall response of the bacteria population in a node is transferred to the next node in the network and sensed by its bacteria. We model the transmission and reception process of each individual bacteria through which we obtain the overall functionality of a node. Two scenarios are discussed as examples. Specifically, we will consider a line network formed by these nodes. We will study transfer of information and also present some results on the practical signaling, reliability, and latency in such a multihop line network. We will also study the consensus problem in a uniformly distributed network and show how the nodes can reach a common estimate for a particular parameter in the environment.
P-114: Achromatic Dark State of MVA-LCDs with a Negative C-Plate and a Biaxial Film

We propose a new approach to achieve achromatic dark state of MVA-LCDs using a negative C-plate and a biaxial film. In comparison to conventional approach which uses a negative C-plate and a positive A-plate, our design shows that the maximum light leakage over entire viewing cone is reduced by ∼6X at 450 nm and ∼4X at 650 nm. The achromatic dark state is essential for improving the contrast ratio, viewing angle and color saturation of MVA LCDs.
The effect of speed of processing training on microsaccade amplitude.

Older adults experience cognitive deficits that can lead to driving errors and a loss of mobility. Fortunately, some of these deficits can be ameliorated with targeted interventions which improve the speed and accuracy of simultaneous attention to a central and a peripheral stimulus called Speed of Processing training. To date, the mechanisms behind this effective training are unknown. We hypothesized that one potential mechanism underlying this training is a change in distribution of eye movements of different amplitudes. Microsaccades are small amplitude eye movements made when fixating on a stimulus, and are thought to counteract the ‘‘visual fading’’ that occurs when static stimuli are presented. Due to retinal anatomy, larger microsaccadic eye movements are needed to move a peripheral stimulus between receptive fields and counteract visual fading. Alternatively, larger microsaccades may decrease performance due to neural suppression. Because larger microsaccades could aid or hinder peripheral vision, we examine the distribution of microsaccades during stimulus presentation. Our results indicate that there is no statistically significant change in the proportion of large amplitude microsaccades during a Useful Field of View-like task after training in a small sample of older adults. Speed of Processing training does not appear to result in changes in microsaccade amplitude, suggesting that the mechanism underlying Speed of Processing training is unlikely to rely on microsaccades.
The Return of the Ambush: ‘Raskolism’ in Rural Yangoru, East Sepik Province

Over the last 15 years or so, ‘raskols’ have become a prominent feature of the cultural scene in Papua New Guinea and have prompted a number of academic studies, focussed mostly on urban crime. This paper documents and analyses a dramatic rise of raskolism in a rural setting, the Yangoru Subdistrict of the East Sepik Province. It seeks to describe how interactions between raskols and the population they exploit evolved, and it focusses on why Yangoru raskolism emerged when it did. Although a conjunction of rising material aspirations, failed economic programs, and the erosion of traditional and modern sanctions probably are important explanations, what seems critical to understanding this sudden rise in crime is the experience some young Yangoru men gained in raskol gangs in urban environments, experience that facilitated their recognition and exploitation of pre-existing but hitherto unacknowledged weaknesses in the systems of control back home.
Theoretical Aspects of Nonleptonic Hyperon Decays

Recent experimental results on nonleptonic hyperon decays are studied on the basis of a doublet approximation for strong and weak interactions, with the implied suggestion that this higher symmetry may be more easily discernable in such reactions in which $K$-particles do not occur explicitly. The doublet approximation is characterized by a doublet spin $I$ which is equal to \textonehalf{}, 1, 0 for baryons, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $K$, respectively and by a $K$ spin. It is not necessary to assume that the strong $K$ interactions are weak compared to the strong $\ensuremath{\pi}$ interactions. For the mentioned reactions it is necessary to assume that the strong interactions which do not conserve $I$ play a minor role compared to those which conserve $I$.The following refinement of the nonleptonic $\ensuremath{\Delta}T=\frac{1}{2}$ rule is proposed. ($T=\mathrm{isotopic}\mathrm{spin}$). The weak nonleptonic interactions consist of two parts ${H}^{(0)}$, ${H}^{(1)}$ with $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=0, 1$, respectively. In the doublet approximation ${H}^{(0)}$ and ${H}^{(1)}$ separately conserve parity in the presence of all strong $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K$ interactions. ${H}^{(0)}$ and ${H}^{(1)}$ together do not conserve parity, however. In addition to $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=1$, ${H}^{(1)}$ should in general satisfy a further constraint, but there are classes of graphs for which $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=1$ is sufficient.Current X current structures for ${H}^{(0)}$ and ${H}^{(1)}$ are examined. Results of an earlier paper can be viewed as a special case of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=0,1$ rule. The same is true for results obtained by Feldman, Matthews, and Salam and by Wolfenstein. The considerations of these authors can be extended to wider classes of graphs.Odd relative helicity and the relation between rates for $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ are consequences of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=0, 1$ rule only. So is the prediction that $\ensuremath{\Xi}$ decay is strongly $P$ nonconserving.The parity properties of ${H}^{(0)}$, ${H}^{(1)}$ are sufficient conditions. It is a delicate question whether they are necessary. For a subset of graphs they are not necessary, but this set seems arbitrary. If it is assumed that the parity conditions are necessary, the schizon scheme is ruled out.It is noted that the nonleptonic weak interactions may be generated by the strong interactions in terms of the following prescription. ${H}^{(1)}$ is generated by assuming that the $\ensuremath{\pi}(K)$ fields have small $K(\ensuremath{\pi})$ components. An ${H}^{(0)}$ is generated by assuming that the doublets ${N}_{1}({N}_{2})$ have small ${N}_{2}({N}_{1})$ components; likewise for ${N}_{3}$ and ${N}_{4}$. Further, it is observed that one can construct a non-electromagnetic $\ensuremath{\Delta}T=\frac{3}{2}$ interaction which is small in the sense that it only contributes to ${{K}_{\ensuremath{\pi}2}}^{+}$ to the extent that the doublet approximation is not valid.
Validity of the recursion method for calculating the energy gap of (GaAs)1-xGe2x: Comments on a paper by Gu, Newman, and Fedders.

We have shown previously that the energy gap of (GaAs${)}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2\mathrm{x}}$, as calculated by the recursion method, is sensitive to the presence of As-As nearest-neighbor pairs. When significant concentrations of such As-As bonds are incorporated into alloys with near-midrange compositions the gap decreases from about 0.5 eV, in agreement with optical-absorption data, to zero, in clear disagreement with experiment. This provides a strong reason for rejecting the Newman-Dow (ND) thermodynamic model of the alloy, which predicts large concentrations of As-As bonds. In a recent paper Gu, Newman, and Fedders claimed that the recursion calculations, upon which our rejection of the ND model is based, are invalidated by an elementary error. We demonstrate that this assertion is unfounded.
Effects of intravitreal injection of anti-TNFα and anti-VEGF in experimental branch retinal vein occlusion in rats

Purpose To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-TNFα and anti-VEGF antibodies on the inner blood retinal barrier (iBRB) in a rat model of experimental branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Claudin-5, a tight junction protein seen in the retinal vascular wall was examined in order to evaluate the iBRB integrity. Methods BRVO was induced in the right eye of Long Evans rats, using laser photocoagulation. The left eye served as control. The intravitreal injection with either anti-TNFα or anti-VEGF was performed in the right eye of each animal, 6 hours after BRVO. Two days after laser application, animals were sacrificed and retinas were harvested. The expression and distribution of claudin-5 were examined by immunofluorescent staining of flat-mounts under confocal microscopy. Results Confocal micrographs showed that claudin-5 is specifically expressed on the cell boundaries of retinal vessels. Two days after laser induced BRVO, the distribution of claudin-5 in retinal veins of non-treated rats was weaker, rougher and less linear compared to the images seen in control animals. The staining of claudin-5 in retinal veins of rats treated with anti-VEGF or anti-TNFα was stronger, more linear and uniform. Conclusion The anti-TNFα and anti-VEGF drugs seem to partially restore the integrity of the iBRB which may contribute to the reduction of macular edema. Ongoing experiments using RT-PCR will determine the effect of those drugs in the expression of genes that influence the development of macular edema after BRVO.
Neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function in guinea-pig lungs is inhibited by indomethacin.

The function of M2 muscarinic autoreceptors on pulmonary parasympathetic nerves was investigated in the absence and presence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in vivo. Guinea pigs were anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. Pulmonary inflation pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded. Electrical stimulation of vagus nerves produced bronchoconstriction (measured as an increase in pulmonary inflation pressure) and bradycardia. In control guinea pigs, pilocarpine (1 to 100 µg/kg) given intravenously stimulated inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on pulmonary parasympathetic nerves, thus attenuating vagally induced bronchoconstriction. Conversely, blockade of these autoreceptors by the selective M2 antagonist gallamine (0.1 to 10 mg/kg given intravenously) potentiated vagally induced bronchoconstriction. Separate groups of animals were given either indomethacin or naproxen. These cyclooxygenase inhibitors potentiated vagally induced bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, in those animals pre...
EFFECT OF SHOCK INTENSITY ON ESCAPE AND AVOIDANCE LEARNING IN RATS TRAINED UNDER BILATERAL SPREADING DEPRESSION

Sumnzasy.-Two experiments investigated the effect of shock intensiry on escape learning in a straight alley (Exp. I) or avoidance learning in a one-way shuttle box (Exp. 11) in operated control (OC) rats or rats under bilateral spreading depression (BSD). Results of Exp. I using 0.6-, 1.2-, and 2.4-ma. shock indicated no interaction of shock level with cortical treatment and that BSD Ss were inferior to OC 5s. A low level of shock resulted in poorer performance than intense shock. Results of Exp. 11 using 0.4- and 2.0-ma. shock indicated a shock by co~tical treatment interaction. 0.4-ma. BSD Ss were inferior in latency to 2.0-m3. BSD Ss and 0.4-ma. OC Ss. Shock intensity has been shown to be an important variable for escape and avoidance learning in normal rats (Moyer & Korn, 1964; Trapold & Fowler, 1960) but has not been investigated in rats trained under bilateral spreading depression (BSD). Ir would be expected on the basis of physiological and behavioral characteristics of BSD (Bures, 1959) that the threshold for shock stimulation under BSD would be increased. The present experiments investigated the effects of shock level on escape and avoidance learning in operated control (OC) and BSD rats. EXPERIMENT I Method Sz6bjects.-Ss were 48 male albino rats from the Ohio University colony, 90 to 150 days old. Apparatzls.-The apparatus was a wooden straight alley, painted flat black, 57 1/2 in. long, 3 in. wide, and 5 1/2 in. high (inside dimensions). The top of rhe alley was covered with Plexiglas and the floor was a grid of 1/8-in. brass rods spaced 7/16 in. apart. Guillotine doors separated 12-in.-long start and goal boxes from the main part of the alley. The start box and main part of the alley could be charged from a C. J. Applegate stimulator (Model 250). Photoelectric cells, located 10 in. from the front of the start box and 2 1/2 in. from the back of the goal box, in circuit with Standard Electric clocks, enabled timing of start box latency, running latency, and total running time. The room was illuminated from above by a 60-w bclb, approximately 15 ft. above and behind the apparatus.
Post-permanency service needs, service utilization, and placement discontinuity for kinship versus non-kinship families

Abstract The number of children who exit the foster care system and achieve permanency through kinship adoption or guardianship has grown rapidly in the past two decades. However, few studies have compared service needs and service utilization for kinship versus non-kinship post-permanency families or examined long-term outcomes for children in permanent kinship homes. This study compared service needs, services sought, unmet needs, and placement discontinuity for kinship and non-kinship adoptive and guardianship families. Propensity score weights were used in bivariate and multivariate regression models to account for selection bias. Consistent with previous studies, results indicated substantive differences in socio-demographic characteristics for children and caregivers in kinship placements as compared to those in non-kinship placements. Kinship caregivers also reported fewer needs and sought fewer services than non-kinship caregivers. No relationship was found between kinship status and unmet service needs or discontinuity, but several covariates were associated with placement failure, including child behavior problems, adoptive versus guardianship placement, and unmarried caregiver.
Correlations and fluctuations of coherent wave transmission through disordered media.

The correlation functions of the transmission coefficients for scalar wave propagation through disordered media are calculated by use of both diagrammatic techniques and numerical simulations. The calculation is valid in the diffusive regime: multiple elastic scattering with negligible absorption or inelastic scattering and a scattering length much longer than the wavelength. In addition to the familiar large local intensity fluctuations we find a novel memory effect and long-range correlations in the transmission coefficients which decay to a positive background value. Implications for light-scattering experiments are discussed.
Cytotoxic effects of dental cements on two cell culture systems

Four dental cements and one bis-GMA composite were tested in cultures of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. It was found that these cell types reacted to the cements with different intensities, and that there were differences in evaluation by phase contrast microscopy and succinic dehydrogenase histochemistry.
Euler Formulas and Geometric Modeling

This Physial Approach to the Euler Formula Demonstrates how Different version Can be in this article we demonstrates how different versions can be Obtained And how They Can Be Used in Boundary Geometric Modeling
Effects of solid and liquid guar gum on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in moderate hypercholesterolemia.

Guar gum is a dietary fiber reported to decrease plasma cholesterol concentration. This study investigated the effect of guar therapy in 50 men with moderately elevated plasma cholesterol who were randomized to an 8-week study of guar therapy. Three forms of guar gum were used: a medium viscosity solid or liquid form, a high viscosity liquid form or placebo. When the medium viscosity guar therapy groups were combined, 4 weeks of therapy were shown to result in a substantial reduction in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 25 mg/dl and 23 mg/dl (p = 0.035 and 0.12), respectively. The high viscosity guar group had a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of 37 and 30 mg/dl, respectively (p <0.003 and p <0.02). Following 8 weeks of therapy, a return toward baseline values was observed. No significant changes were demonstrated in blood chemistries, triglyceride values, total high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or the HDL2 fraction of HDL cholesterol. The effect of the solid and liquid forms of guar on plasma cholesterol reduction was similar. This study shows that a nonpharmacologic dietary additive reduces plasma total and LDL cholesterol.
Budget utilization for improved business contingency planning in service delivery

Service delivery using geographically distributed delivery locations has emerged as a mature methodology of service delivery. The fragile nature of business environments at the delivery locations has resulted Business Continuity Planning methodology in becoming a key differentiator between service delivery organizations. Increasingly, these organizations are actively seeking to allocate funds for improving their BCP posture by procuring resources. However, the conventional techniques of cost benefit analysis while allocating budget for the procurement of resources do not take into account the special need of factoring for resumption plans while procurement of resources for BCP. In this paper we explore the issues faced in utilizing budgets for BCP, and suggest a broad methodology that may be used for optimal budget utilization.
Characterization of isoprostane signaling: Evidence for a unique coordination profile of 8-iso-PGF2α with the thromboxane A2 receptor, and activation of a separate cAMP-dependent inhibitory pathway in human platelets

Since isoprostanes are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, presumably through their interaction with thromboxane receptors (TPRs), we examined the ability of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) to bind/signal through TPRs. Using TPR expressing HEK cells, it was found that 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) mobilized calcium and bound TPRs with a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 57 nM. Interestingly, site-directed-mutagenesis revealed that 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) has a unique coordination profile with TPRs. Thus, while Phe184 and Asp193 are shared by both 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and classical TPR ligands, Phe196 was found to be required only for 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) binding. Functional studies also revealed interesting results. Namely, that 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) signals in human platelets through both a stimulatory (TPR-dependent) and an inhibitory (cAMP-dependent) pathway. Consistent with the existence of two signaling pathways, platelets were also found to possess two separate binding sites for 8-iso-PGF(2alpha). While the stimulatory site is represented by TPRs, the second cAMP inhibitory site is presently unidentified, but does not involve receptors for PGI(2), PGD(2) or PGE(2). In summary, these studies provide the first documentation that: (1) 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) coordinates with Phe184, Asp193 and Phe196 on platelet TPRs; (2) Phe196 serves as a unique TPR binding site for 8-iso-PGF(2alpha); (3) 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) signals through both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways in platelets; (4) 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) inhibits human platelet activation through a cAMP-dependent mechanism; (5) 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) interacts with platelets at two separate binding sites. Collectively, these results provide evidence for a novel isoprostane function in platelets which is mediated through a cAMP-coupled receptor.
Levels of [3H]glucosamine incorporation into hyaluronic acid by fibroblasts is modulated by culture conditions.

Abstract Tissue culture conditions can modulate apparent levels of incorporation of the radiolabeled precursor [ 3 H]glucosamine into hyaluronic acid in cells.A careful study was made on the effects of culture conditions on human skin fibroblasts.A newly described technique to measure hyaluronic acid was utilized based on incorporation of [ 3 H]glucosamine into cetylpyridinium chloride-precipitable hyaluronidase-digestible material.The preciptate was collected on glass fiber filters using a manifold suction apparatus.A six-fold greater level of incorporation occurred in rapidly growing preconfluent than in confluent fibroblasts.Ascorbic acid stimulated incorporation with a maximum at 25 flglml.The same ascorbic acid optimum was observed for collagen prolylhydroxylation.When β-hydroxybutyrate was used as an energy source instead of Dglucose, a 3.5-fold increase in levels was observed.All tissue-culture media examined supported comparable levels of incorporation, except for Roswell Park Memorial Institute Media-1640, in which cells had only half the level.Fetal calf serum supported high levels of incorporation in a dose-dependent manner, while newborn calf and calf sera supported much lower levels of incorporation.Under serum-free conditions, lactalbumin hydrolysate was best able to support incorporation of hyaluronic acid.In the search for mechanisms that modulate hyaluronic acid, it is critical to consider the tissue culture conditions under which incorporation of radiolabeled precursors are being examined.
Manganese superoxide dismutase: nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a cDNA encoding a new human transcript.

Abstract Three human cDNA libraries were screened with a human manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) cDNA under moderately stringent conditions to characterize a large 4–6 kb RNA species which hybridizes to Mn-SOD in RNA blot analyses. A new 4.2 kb Mn-SOD cDNA clone (Mn-SOD 1) was isolated. Its long 3426 nucleotide 3′-untranslated sequence contains both of the 240 base 3′-untranslated sequences of the 1 kb Mn-SOD 4 and 5 cDNAs. This is a fully processed, cytoplasmic RNA species and raises the possibility of a role for particular 3′-untranslated sequence selection in Mn-SOD gene regulation.
The ultracenter and central fringe of a graph

The central distance of a central vertex v in a connected graph G with rad G < diam G is the largest nonnegative integer n such that whenever x is a vertex with d(v, x) ≤ n then x is also a central vertex. The subgraph induced by those central vertices of maximum central distance is the ultracenter of G. The subgraph induced by the central vertices having central distance 0 is the central fringe of G. For a given graph G, the smallest order of a connected graph H is determined whose ultracenter is isomorphic to G but whose center is not G. For a given graph F, we determine the smallest order of a connected graph H whose central fringe is isomorphic to G but whose center is not G. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Inherited disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation: a new responsibility for the neonatologist.

The disorders of mitochondrial fat oxidation present clinically with three major clinical phenotypes: hypoketotic hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and myopathy. Although these features can present together in some of the disorders, one will be the dominant clinical problem. This review will describe these clinical phenotypes while addressing the diagnostic value of various clinical and laboratory studies which are often used for making these diagnoses. With knowledge of the clinical presentation, these diagnoses can often be made very rapidly and at relatively low cost by more specific laboratory tests. The increasing availability of expanded newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry as well as prenatal diagnosis for these often fatal disorders now provides the opportunity for pre-symptomatic diagnosis. The neonatologist is now in the unique position of identifying these inherited disorders prior to or during severe symptom onset and has the earliest opportunity to provide successful treatment intervention.
Are phones fun? Usage and barriers to adoption for wireless data services among the younger generation of Asians

Using the World Wide Mobile Data Services Study, which provides multi-year multi-country data, we find that cultural differences are critical drivers of wireless data service adoption. We also find that age differences drive patterns in mobile data service adoption. Difficulty does not detract from use for younger users who are also interested in fun features. Demand, however, remains driven by usefulness and younger users, who are not yet using wireless data services for work, are less inclined to pay for them.
Large Store-operated Calcium Selective Currents Due to Co-expression of Orai1 or Orai2 with the Intracellular Calcium Sensor, Stim1

The molecular nature of store-operated Ca2+-selective channels has remained an enigma, due largely to the continued inability to convincingly demonstrate Ca2+-selective store-operated currents resulting from exogenous expression of known genes. Recent findings have implicated two proteins, Stim1 and Orai1, as having essential roles in store-operated Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. However, transient overexpression of these proteins on their own results in little or no increase in store-operated entry. Here we demonstrate dramatic synergism between these two mediators; co-transfection of HEK293 cells with Stim1 and Orai1 results in an approximate 20-fold increase in store-operated Ca2+ entry and Ca2+-selective current. This demonstrates that these two proteins are limiting for both the signaling and permeation mechanisms for Ca2+-selective store-operated Ca2+ entry. There are three mammalian homologs of Orai1, and in expression experiments they all produced or augmented store-operated Ca2+ entry with efficacies in the order Orai1 > Orai2 > Orai3. Stim1 apparently initiates the signaling process by acting as a Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum. This results in rearrangement of Stim1 within the cell and migration toward the plasma membrane to regulate in some manner Orai1 located in the plasma membrane. However, we demonstrate that Stim1 does not incorporate in the surface membrane, and thus likely regulates or interacts with Orai1 at sites of close apposition between the plasma membrane and an intracellular Stim1-containing organelle.
Reprint of: Results from using a new dyadic-dependence model to analyze sociocentric physician networks

Abstract Professional physician networks can potentially influence clinical practices and quality of care. With the current focus on coordinated care, discerning influences of naturally occurring clusters and other forms of dependence among physicians’ relationships based on their attributes and care patterns is an important area of research. In this paper, two directed physician networks: a physician influential conversation network (N = 33) and a physician network obtained from patient visit data (N = 135) are analyzed using a new model that accounts for effect modification of the within-dyad effect of reciprocity and inter-dyad effects involving three (or more) actors. The results from this model include more nuanced effects involving reciprocity and triadic dependence than under incumbent models and more flexible control for these effects in the extraction of other network phenomena, including the relationship between similarity of individuals’ attributes (e.g., same-gender, same residency location) and tie-status. In both cases we find extensive evidence of clustering and triadic dependence that if not accounted for confounds the effect of reciprocity and attribute homophily. Findings from our analysis suggest alternative conclusions to those from incumbent models.
Investigation of Nanoscale Electro Machining (nano-EM) in Dielectric Oil

There is a great need to produce nanoscale features on diverse and sometimes difficult-to-machine materials for electronic and bio-medical applications. This paper describes an electro machining (EM) process at nanoscale, implemented using a scanning probe platinum-iridium (Pt-lr) electrode tool (15-20 nm radius) in dielectric oil. The experiments were conducted by maintaining a gap of 2 nm between the tool and the work-piece. These experiments have successfully demonstrated that controlled and consistent machined features, as small as 10 nm in diameter, on atomically flat gold can be obtained. It is suggested that resonant tunnelling through dielectric oil molecules causes the removal of material.
A Boundary Element Method for the Computation of Thermal Radiation Exchanges Between Gray and Spectral Surfaces

A Galerkin boundary element computational methodology is developed to predict thermal radiation exchange between gray and/or spectral surfaces. The concept of computer graphics used for image clipping, and image object sorting, and an adaptive integration algorithm are incorporated to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the computation of the radiation exchange kernels with abrupt discontinuities due to blockages of various complexity. A parallel computing scheme is applied to further enhance the computational efficiency. Examples of 2-D, 3-D and axisymmetry of various complex geometries, as applied to combustion processes, materials processing and manufacturing processes, are presented. The parallel performance of the computational algorithm and the coupling of the surface radiation with conduction and other calculations are also discussed.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Inquisitorial Prosecution of Tomás Treviño de Sobremonte, a Crypto-Jew in Colonial Mexico

In the years following the 1492 expulsion of Jews from Spain, many conversos (Jewish converts to Catholicism and their descendants) left the Iberian Peninsula for Northern Europe, the Ottoman Empir...
Adaptive devices for precise position control

While many new smart materials have been developed over the last few years, the integration of these materials into useful systems must be exploited if this emerging technology is to become viable. Two applications of piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials are proposed that generate both micro and macro positioning control. Additionally, an overview of these smart materials and their properties is given. Precise micro positioning devices have applications to adaptive optical systems. A NASA project called Space Laser Energy (SELENE) involves such a system. This project proposes to control the surface of a power transmission dish comprised of several thousands of small lenses or lenslets. A major objective of the dish is to increase efficiency by compensating for atmospheric disturbances. A second application of piezoelectric materials is presented for micro and macroscopic one dimensional motion. Specifically, a novel design of an inchworm device is presented. This device has the ability to generate macroscopic motion from microscopic piezoelectric expansions and contractions, the frequency of these expansion/contraction cycles should allow the motor to move for significant distances as well as provide incremental micro positioning.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Retail Competition and the Dynamics of Demand for Tied Goods

We present a demand system for tied goods incorporating dynamics arising from the tied nature of the products and the stockpiling induced by storability and durability. We accommodate competition across tied good systems and competing downstream retail formats by endogenizing the retail format at which consumers choose to stockpile inventory. This facilitates measurement of long-run retail substitution effects and yields estimates of complementarities within, and substitution across, competing systems of tied goods. We present an empirical application to an archetypal tied goods category: razors and blades. We discuss the implications of measured effects for manufacturer pricing when selling the tied products through an oligopolistic downstream retail channel and assess the extent to which retail substitution reduces channel conflict.
New Cerium Activated Scintillating Glasses

The synthesis of cerium activated scintillating glasses is being continued, and two new types have been developed. One of these, a magnesium aluminum borate, is similar to the alkali borate glasses reported previously and was made in an effort to provide a scintillating glass with the highest possible boron content in which a reasonable pulse height could be retained. Its pulse height with gamma excitation is 5.0 per cent of a Nal(Tl) crystal. The second glass developed is a lithium magnesium aluminum silicate. This glass has a pulse height 14.0 per cent of the Nal(Tl) crystal and is the most efficient material prepared in this program. Preliminary studies indicate that energy transfer between the base glass and the activator does occur, and that the efficiency of glass scintillators is not limited by the absence of energy transfer. mission.