cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain

Cultural neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field of research that investigates interrelations among culture, mind and the brain. Drawing on both the growing body of scientific evidence on cultural variation in psychological processes and the recent development of social and cognitive neuroscience, this emerging field of research aspires to understand how culture as an amalgam of values, meanings, conventions, and artifacts that constitute daily social realities might interact with the mind and its underlying brain pathways of each individual member of the culture. In this article, following a brief review of studies that demonstrate the surprising degree to which brain processes are malleably shaped by cultural tools and practices, the authors discuss cultural variation in brain processes involved in self-representations, cognition, emotion and motivation. They then propose (i) that primary values of culture such as independence and interdependence are reflected in the compositions of cultural tasks (i.e. daily routines designed to accomplish the cultural values) and further (ii) that active and sustained engagement in these tasks yields culturally patterned neural activities of the brain, thereby laying the ground for the embodied construction of the self and identity. Implications for research on culture and the brain are discussed.
What's New in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) remains an important illness despite an effective therapy because it is difficult to diagnose and is capable of producing a fatal outcome. The pathogenesis of RMSF remains, in large part, an enigma. However, recent research has helped shed light on this mystery. Importantly, the diagnosis of RMSF must be considered in all febrile patients who have known or possible exposure to ticks, especially if they live in or have traveled to endemic regions during warmer months. Decisions about giving empiric therapy to such patients are difficult and require skill and careful judgement.
"An expedition to heal the wounds of war". The 1919 eclipse and Eddington as Quaker adventurer.

The 1919 eclipse expedition's confirmation of general relativity is often celebrated as a triumph of scientific internationalism. However, British scientific opinion during World War I leaned toward the permanent severance of intellectual ties with Germany. That the expedition came to be remembered as a progressive moment of internationalism was largely the result of the efforts of A. S. Eddington. A devout Quaker, Eddington imported into the scientific community the strategies being used by his coreligionists in the national dialogue: humanize the enemy through personal contact and dramatic projects that highlight the value of peace and cooperation. The essay also addresses the common misconception that Eddington's sympathy for Einstein led him intentionally to misinterpret the expedition's results. The evidence gives no reason to think that Eddington or his coworkers were anything but rigorous. Eddington's pacifism is reflected not in manipulated data but in the meaning of the expedition and the way it entered the collective memory as a celebration of international cooperation in the wake of war.
The Role of Culture in Adopting Smart Home Technologies

With the increased attention to independent living and healthy aging, smart home technologies are widely adopted in various communities. Technology adoption is a first step to successful diffusion of proven technologies; however, there are still challenges to the adoption of smart home technologies among older individuals or people with disabilities who are a main target user group. Also, there is a growing interest in using smart home technologies in various cultural groups in Western countries and the developing world. However, we do not know what factors influence user perceptions of and preferences for smart home technologies in these diverse populations. There is a need for examining the role of cultural context in the acceptability of smart home technology. This chapter proceeds as follows. Definitions of culture and national cultural theories are reviewed. The technology acceptance models and their limitations are discussed in the context of culture and smart home technology. This chapter reviews studies that examine the relationship of cultural factors and technology acceptance in general IT field and health-related disciplines. Then we present a case study as an exemplar to show how the context of culture can be critical to the successful adoption of smart home technology. Finally, recommendations for future work are provided.
First Report of Rickettsia Identical to R. slovaca in Colony-Originated D. variabilis in the United States: Detection, Laboratory Animal Model, and Vector Competence of Ticks.

Abstract Ticks of the genus Dermacentor are known vectors of rickettsial pathogens in both the Old World and New World. In North America, Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni are vectors of Rickettsia rickettsii, while in Europe, D. marginatus and D. reticulatus transmit R. slovaca and R. raoultii, respectively. Neither the presence of R. slovaca in the Americas nor the ability of American tick species to maintain this pathogen have been reported. Here we describe detection of Rickettsia genetically identical to R. slovaca in D. variabilis, its molecular characterization, assessment of pathogenicity to guinea pigs, and vector competence of D. variabilis ticks. Ticks from a laboratory colony of D. variabilis, established from wild ticks and maintained on naive NZW rabbits, tested positive for spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia by PCR. Analysis of 17 kDa gltA, rpoB, ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes revealed 100% identity to R. slovaca sequences available in the GenBank. New Zealand white rabbits fed upon by ...
DECLINE IN MUNICIPAL VOTER TURNOUT A Function of Changing Structure

Voter turnout has declined in elections at all levels of American government. Though much research has been devoted to understanding diminished turnout in national contests, there has been scant attention to factors affecting local electoral participation. In this study, we examine both cross-sectionally and longitudinally the impact on turnout of adopting a reformed plan of government and non-partisanship. Evidence from elections in the 1930s, 1960s, and 1970s suggests that council-manager government and nonpartisanship do, as hypothesized, impede municipal voter turnout.
A simplified technique for in vitro studies of lymphocyte reactivity.

SummaryIn vitro studies of lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens, soluble antigens and homologous cells were performed by diluting whole blood with culture medium and using 24-hr labeling with 3H-thymidine. Sensitivity, reproducibility and correlations with delayed skin test responses of the blood donors were superior to those obtained with conventional techniques using lymphocyte concentrates. At appropriate reactive cell densities, supplementation of the culture medium with agents such as fetal calf serum has not been necessary. This simplified technique offers considerable savings in effort, cost and volumes of blood required.
Investigation and Analysis of Total Rate and Drug Susceptibility of Streptococcus Pneumonia Isolated from Healthy Children in Chongqing

Objective To investigate the total rate and drug susceptibility of streptococcus pneumonia (SPN) isolated from the healthy children in Chongqing. In vitro antimicrobial activities were determinied of 8 antimicrobial agents against SPN, so as to eveluate the incidence of drug-resistance in community and guide the clinical treatment. Methods K-B agardilution. Results Of the 400 healthy children, 76 SPN strains were isolated (the total rate 19 % and there were 6 penicillin resistance to pneumonia (PRP ) strains. Conclusion The total rate of SPN in healthy children was not high in Chongqing, but doctor should realize that the incidence of penicillin-resistance may increase with the extensive use of antimicrobial agents.
Evaluation of Analytical Techniques for Assessment of Treatment Processes for Trace Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Removal of trace amounts of halogenated hydrocarbons — materials suspect for potential toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic characteristics — from public drinking waters is one of the most challenging problems facing the water supply industry today. Conventional treatment technologies are being re-evaluated in this regard, and new and/or modified processes, such as adsorption on activated carbon, are being examined for their effectiveness in accomplishing such treatment.
A New Late Hemingfordian Vertebrate Fauna from Hawk Rim, Oregon, with Implications for Biostratigraphy and Geochronology

ABSTRACTThe Hemingfordian North American Land Mammal Age is not well sampled, especially in the Pacific Northwest. Here we present both a description of a new fauna and two radiometric dates, 16.26 Ma and 16.44 Ma, constraining the Hawk Rim locality of central Oregon. Hawk Rim represents the first diverse late Hemingfordian fauna in the Northwest and is one of the stratigraphically lowest fossiliferous outcrops of the Mascall Formation. Much of Oregon was blanketed by Columbia River Flood Basalts during late Hemingfordian time, limiting not only outcrops but places for organisms to have survived. The site yields a taxonomically rich fauna sharing strong faunal similarity with the type locality of the Mascall but also containing taxa new to the formation and region. We describe occurrences of five genera of Artiodactyla, four genera of Perissodactyla, three genera of Rodentia, and six genera of Carnivora, with all but three new occurrences for the Hemingfordian of the Pacific Northwest. In particular, the ...
Nonlinear THz response of metallic armchair graphene nanoribbon superlattices

We study the third order THz nonlinear response of metallic armchair graphene nanoribbon superlattices in the presence of an elliptically-polarized excitation field using the time dependent perturbation theory. For a one-dimensional Kronig–Penney potential of infinite length, the nonlinear response can be described perturbatively by a low energy N-photon coupling model. Remarkably, as shown by Burset et al the energy dispersion of the metallic band in the direction parallel to the superlattice wavevector is independent of the applied superlattice potential while the energy dispersion in the direction perpendicular to the superlattice wavevector depends strongly on the superlattice parameters. As a result, we predict novel behavior for the nonlinear response of single layer metallic acGNR superlattices to an applied elliptically-polarized electric field. Our work shows that the superlattice potential, periodicity, Fermi level, excitation field polarization state, and temperature all play a significant role in the resulting THz nonlinear conductances.
Learning ensembles of cutset networks

Cutset networks — OR (decision) trees that have Bayesian networks whose treewidth is bounded by one at each leaf — are a new class of tractable probabilistic models that admit fast, polynomial-time inference and learning algorithms. This is unlike other state-of-the-art tractable models such as thin junction trees, arithmetic circuits and sum-product networks in which inference is fast and efficient but learning can be notoriously slow. In this paper, we take advantage of this unique property to develop fast algorithms for learning ensembles of cutset networks. Specifically, we consider generalized additive mixtures of cutset networks and develop sequential boosting-based and parallel bagging-based approaches for learning them from data. We demonstrate, via a thorough experimental evaluation, that our new algorithms are superior to competing approaches in terms of test-set log-likelihood score and learning time.
Robotics for Stroke Recovery

The introduction of robotics into neurorehabilitation is a relatively recent phenomenon. To date, both their acceptance by the rehabilitation community and penetration of robotic devices into rehabilitation facilities have been limited. The majority of clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of rehabilitation robotics to date have framed the question in terms of superiority between robotic approaches and some chosen standard therapy. Not surprisingly, the results of many of these studies have revealed nonsignificant differences between robotic and traditional rehabilitation approaches, which clinicians generally interpret as failure of the robotic approach. Improvements in response to both traditional and robotic approaches yielding results of “no difference” could, however, be interpreted as a positive result. Considered in this light, robotic approaches may offer the opportunity for therapeutic intervention to more individuals and/or may extend the therapeutic opportunity (i.e., dose, time, repetitions) while practitioners focus on other critical aspects of rehabilitation. Here, it is important to recognize that many of the robotic approaches have been designed to mimic currently utilized rehabilitation interventions, at least as these interventions are currently understood. Thus, the modest efficacy of robotic approaches demonstrated to date may stem from limitations in our current understanding of the critical processes of neural recovery, and how to effectively induce neural recovery, rather than from limitations of robotic devices per se. This chapter considers the problem of walking dysfunction following stroke and offers perspectives on the use of the Lokomat to promote walking recovery.
Simulation of penetration into porous geologic media

We present a computational study on the penetration of steel projectiles into porous geologic materials. The purpose of the study is to extend the range of applicability of a recently developed constitutive model to simulations involving projectile penetration into geologic media. The constitutive model is nonlinear, thermodynamically consistent, and properly invariant under superposed rigid body motions. The equations are valid for large deformations and they are hyperelastic in the sense that the stress tensor is related to a derivative of the Helmholtz free energy. The model uses the mathematical structure of plasticity theory to capture the basic features of the mechanical response of geological materials including the effects of bulking, yielding, damage, porous compaction and loading rate on the material response. The new constitutive model has been successfully used to simulate static laboratory tests under a wide range of triaxial loading conditions, and dynamic spherical wave propagation tests in both dry and saturated geologic media.
The Impact of Immigration and Acculturation on the Mental Health of Asian Americans: Overview of Epidemiology and Clinical Implications

In this chapter, we focus on an overview of clinical issues in Asian American mental health. In particular, we focus on psychological distress and its manifestation within different subpopulations, looking at common acculturation stressors as a background for understanding Asian American emotional health, as well as other key factors that are likely to affect Asian American mental health. We will review research on various age groups and clinical implications from the literature review, and finally, we look at what is known about mental health problems and mental health service utilization in Asian Americans.
Online Purchase Paths and Conversion Dynamics across Multiple Websites

Abstract Low transportation costs online allow shoppers to visit multiple e-commerce sites for a purchase decision. This research investigates online shoppers’ visit and purchase behaviors across competing websites. To consider that shoppers’ longitudinal cross-site visit data may consist of several unobserved shopping episodes, we propose a modeling approach to probabilistically clustering and relating online visits to latent shopping episodes, based on the temporal patterns of the visit events. The inferences are then used to examine shoppers’ visit-to-purchase behavior across websites. Using Internet clickstream data on individual-level browsing and transaction records at major air travel sites, we find that online shoppers’ cross-site visit patterns tend to be clustered and the purchase propensity is significantly higher at later visits within a visit cluster, compared to earlier visits. As our results suggest the possibility that visit clusters can serve as a reasonable proxy for shopping episodes, we look further into shoppers’ website choice and purchase behaviors within a cluster. We discuss how the cluster-based analysis can help managers tailor online marketing and advertising strategies based on shoppers’ cross-site visit and purchase patterns.
Reactive Astrocytes: Production, Function, and Therapeutic Potential

Astrocytes constitute approximately 30% of the cells in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). They are integral to brain and spinal-cord physiology and perform many functions important for normal neuronal development, synapse formation, and proper propagation of action potentials. We still know very little, however, about how these functions change in response to immune attack, chronic neurodegenerative disease, or acute trauma. In this review, we summarize recent studies that demonstrate that different initiating CNS injuries can elicit at least two types of "reactive" astrocytes with strikingly different properties, one type being helpful and the other harmful. We will also discuss new methods for purifying and investigating reactive-astrocyte functions and provide an overview of new markers for delineating these different states of reactive astrocytes. The discovery that astrocytes have different types of reactive states has important implications for the development of new therapies for CNS injury and diseases.
Implementation of the Canadian CT Head Rule and Its Association With Use of Computed Tomography Among Patients With Head Injury

Study objective Approximately 1 in 3 computed tomography (CT) scans performed for head injury may be avoidable. We evaluate the association of implementation of the Canadian CT Head Rule on head CT imaging in community emergency departments (EDs). Methods We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis of encounters from January 2014 to December 2015 in 13 Southern California EDs. Adult health plan members with a trauma diagnosis and Glasgow Coma Scale score at ED triage were included. A multicomponent intervention included clinical leadership endorsement, physician education, and integrated clinical decision support. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving a head CT. The unit of analysis was ED encounter, and we compared CT use pre- and postintervention with generalized estimating equations segmented logistic regression, with physician as a clustering variable. Secondary analysis described the yield of identified head injuries pre- and postintervention. Results Included were 44,947 encounters (28,751 preintervention and 16,196 postintervention), resulting in 14,633 (32.6%) head CTs (9,758 preintervention and 4,875 postintervention), with an absolute 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5% to 8.1%) reduction in CT use postintervention. Adjusted pre-post comparison showed a trend in decreasing odds of imaging (odds ratio 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99). All but one ED reduced CTs postintervention (0.3% to 8.7%, one ED 0.3% increase), but no interaction between the intervention and study site over time existed ( P =.34). After the intervention, diagnostic yield of CT-identified intracranial injuries increased by 2.3% (95% CI 1.5% to 3.1%). Conclusion A multicomponent implementation of the Canadian CT Head Rule was associated with a modest reduction in CT use and an increased diagnostic yield of head CTs for adult trauma encounters in community EDs.
Retrograde nuclear transport from the cytoplasm is required for tRNATyr maturation in T. brucei.

Retrograde transport of tRNAs from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was first described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and most recently in mammalian systems. Although the function of retrograde transport...
Older Users’ Acceptance of an Assistive Robot: Attitudinal Changes Following Brief Exposure

Introduction Many older adults wish to age-in-place. Robot assistance at home may be beneficial for older adults who are experiencing limitations in performing home activities. In this study we investigate older Americans' robot acceptance before and after exposure to a domestic mobile manipulator, with an emphasis on understanding trialability (i.e., "trying out" a robot for a short time period) and result demonstrability (i.e., observing the results of the robot's functionality). Method Older adult participants observed a mobile manipulator robot autonomously demonstrating three tasks: delivering medication, learning to turn off a light switch, and organizing home objects. We administered pre and post exposure questionnaires about participants' opinions and attitudes toward the robot, as well as a semi-structured interview about each demonstration. Results We found that demonstration of a mobile manipulator assistive robot did, in fact, influence older adults' acceptance. There was a significant increase, pre vs. post, in positive perceptions of robot usefulness and ease of use for 8 of the 12 Robot Opinions Questionnaire items. Furthermore, in the Assistance Preference Checklist, eighteen tasks significantly differed between pre and post exposure, with older adults showing a greater openness to robot assistance after exposure to the robot. Conclusion Thus, demonstration of robot capability positively affected older adults' preferences for robot assistance for tasks in the home. Interview data suggest that the robot's capability and reliability influenced older adults' first impressions of the robot.
Routine use of quantitative disease activity measurements among us rheumatologists: Implications for treat-to-target management strategies in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. The aim of our study was to examine why real-world practices and attitudes regarding quantitative measurements of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have received limited attention. Methods. An e-mail survey asked US rheumatologists to self-report on their use of quantitative measurements (metric). Results. Among 439 respondents, metric rheumatologists (58%) were more likely to be in group practice and to use tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. The quantitative tools most commonly used were the Health Assessment Questionnaire (35.5%) and the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (27.1%). Reasons for not measuring included time needed and electronic availability. Based on simulated case scenarios, providing more quantitative information increased the likelihood that a patient would change to a different disease-modifying antirheumatic drug or biologic. Conclusion. Routine use of quantitative measurement for patients in the United States with RA is increasing over time but remains low.
Temperament and Developmental Psychopathology

Extensive theoretical and empirical work has outlined the importance of temperament in developmental psychopathology. This chapter focuses on recent advances in the conceptualization and measurement of temperament, including the progress that has been made in empirical work that has enabled researchers to test several proposed models of psychopathology. We first introduce the concept of temperament and discuss a series of agreed-on principles. The next section includes consideration of the structure of temperament, which includes a review of contemporary theoretical models. We follow this with a discussion of the various measurement approaches to the study of temperament. Preceding the review of recent empirical work on temperament and psychopathology, we outline the proposed links between temperament and psychopathology. Following the literature review, we discuss the biological underpinnings of temperament and their associations to developmental psychopathology. Finally, we conclude the chapter with a discussion of the translational implications of these findings and suggest directions for future research. Keywords: psychopathology; temperament; self-regulation; emotional reactivity; internalizing behavior problems; externalizing behavior problems
Concentric lamellated psammoma-like bodies in the third ventricle of the European mole rat (Spalax leucodon, Nordmann 1840)

Concentric lamellated bodies are described in the third ventricle of the European mole rat. These bodies show most staining characteristics of true psammoma bodies found in humans but were never calcified in the mole rat.
The Shaping of Chance: Actuarial Models and Criminal Profiling at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century

The turn of the twentieth century marked a new era of individualization in the field of criminal law. Drawing on the new science of positivist criminology, legal scholars called for diagnosis of the causes of delinquence and for imposition of individualized courses of remedial treatment specifically adapted to these individual diagnoses. "[M]odern science recognizes that penal or remedial treatment cannot possibly be indiscriminate and machine-like, but must be adapted to the causes, and to the man as affected by those causes," leading criminal law scholars declared. "Thus the great truth of the present and the future, for criminal science, is the individualization of penal treatment, -for that man, and for the cause of that man's crime."' The turn to individualized punishment gave rise to the rehabilitative project of the first three-quarters of the twentieth century -to discretionary juvenile courts, indeterminate sentencing, probation and parole, rehabilitative treatment, and the overarching concept of corrections. At the close of the century, the contrast could hardly have been greater. The rehabilitative project had been largely displaced by a model of criminal law enforcement that emphasized mandatory sentences, fixed guidelines, and sentencing enhancements for designated classes of crimes. The focus of criminal sentencing had become the category of crime, rather than the individual characteristics and history of the convicted person, with one major exception for prior criminal conduct. Incapacitation
THE APPLICABILITY OF THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL IN A SUB-SAHARAN CULTURE

This chapter examines the Five-Factor Model of personality in Shona, a native tongue of Zimbabwe. One hundred and sixty-five women and 193 men participated in this study; all were bilingual in English and Shona. The Shona version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the English version of the Adjective Check List (ACL) were completed by 199 participants. The remaining 159 participants took English or Shona versions of the NEO-PI-R on two occasions, with a mean retest interval of seven days. Alpha reliabilities for the facet scales were quite low, but retest reliabilities and cross-language correlations were considerably higher. Targeted factor analyses showed that the factors and most of the specific facets had a structure similar to that found in Americans, and correlations with the ACL generally supported the construct validity of the new translation. The Openness (O) factor proved weakest in translation. The viability of trait approaches in collectivistic societies and the possible role of sociological context on personality development are discussed.
Classification of Propagation-Invariant Space-Time Wave Packets in Free-Space

We classify all propagation-invariant pulsed beams (or wave packets) with respect to their group velocity, direction of propagation, and spatial-frequency content. We identify 10 unique classes that we synthesize experimentally using a single optical arrangement.
Transitions without connections: quantum states, from Bohr and Heisenberg to quantum information theory

In his recent paper, L. Freidel noted that instead of representing the motion of electrons in terms of oscillators and predicting their future states on the basis on this representation, as in the previous, classical, electron theory of H. Lorentz, quantum theory was, beginning nearly with its inception, concerned with the probabilities of transitions between states of electrons, without necessarily representing how these transitions come about. Taking N. Bohr’s and then W. Heisenberg’s thinking along these lines in, respectively, Bohr’s 1913 atomic theory and Heisenberg’s quantum mechanics of 1925 as a point of departure, this article reconsiders, from a nonrealist perspective (which suspends or even precludes this representation of the mechanism behind these transitions), the concept of quantum state, as a physical concept, in contradistinction to the mathematical concept of quantum state, a vector in the Hilbert-space formalism of quantum mechanics. Transitions between quantum states appear, from this perspective, as “transitions without connections,” because, while one can register the change from one quantum phenomena to another, observed in measuring instruments, we have no means of representing or possibly even conceiving of how this change comes about. The article will also discuss quantum field theory and, in closing, briefly quantum information theory as confirming, and giving additional dimensions to, these concepts of quantum state and transitions between them.
Trading Places: Microlevel Predictors of Women Who Commit Intimate Partner Homicide:

Intimate partner homicide (IPH) research has established the importance of the offender’s gender regarding motivations, situations, and structures present in the offense. However, little is known a...
Abstract WMP102: Prevalence and Natural History of Superficial Siderosis: A Population-based Study

Introduction: Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) refers to deposition of blood breakdown products along the cerebral cortex, causing characteristic staining patterns seen with iron-sensitive MRI ...
Context-dependent roles of MDMX (MDM4) and MDM2 in breast cancer proliferation and circulating tumor cells.

Many human breast cancers overexpress the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and its homolog MDMX. Expression of MDM2 and MDMX occurs in estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). There are p53-independent influences of MDM2 and MDMX, and 80% of TNBC express mutant p53 (mtp53). MDM2 drives TNBC circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in mice, but the context-dependent influences of MDM2 and MDMX on different subtypes of breast cancers expressing mtp53 have not been determined. To assess the context-dependent roles, we carried out MDM2 and MDMX knockdown in orthotopic tumors of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells expressing mtp53 R280K and MDM2 knockdown in ERα+ T47D cells expressing mtp53 L194F. The corresponding cell proliferation was scored in vitro by growth curves and in vivo by orthotopic tumor volumes. Cell migration was assessed in vitro by wound-healing assays and cell intravasation in vivo by sorting GFP-positive CTCs by flow cytometry. The metastasis gene targets were determined by an RT-PCR array card screen and verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Knocking down MDMX or MDM2 in MDA-MB-231 cells reduced cell migration and CTC detection, but only MDMX knockdown reduced tumor volumes at early time points. This is the first report of MDMX overexpression in TNBC enhancing the CTC phenotype with correlated upregulation of CXCR4. Experiments were carried out to compare MDM2-knockdown outcomes in nonmetastatic ERα+ T47D cells. The knockdown of MDM2 in ERα+ T47D orthotopic tumors decreased primary tumor volumes, supporting our previous finding that estrogen-activated MDM2 increases cell proliferation. This is the first report showing that the expression of MDM2 in ERα+ breast cancer and TNBC can result in different tumor-promoting outcomes. Both MDMX and MDM2 overexpression in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells enhanced the CTC phenotype. These data indicate that both MDM2 and MDMX can promote TNBC metastasis and that it is important to consider the context-dependent roles of MDM2 family members in different subtypes of breast cancer.
Why does stress aggravate itch? A possible role of the amygdala

Stress is the exacerbating factor of itch across patients with chronic itch due to different origins. However, the precise mechanisms behind stress-induced exacerbation of itch remain unknown. Chronic stress induces hyperexcitability of the amygdala, the centre of emotional processing. Recent findings on the itch neuronal pathways support a pivotal role of the amygdala for itch processing. We hypothesized that itch is enhanced by stress through hyperexcitation of the amygdala. Modulation of amygdala activity, therefore, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic itch.
Protecting health rights of migrant minors in violent settings

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics DHS — : Department of Homeland Security IPA — : International Pediatrics Association NGO — : nongovernmental organization SDG — : Sustainable Development Goal UN — : United Nations The United Nations (UN) defines an international migrant as “any person who changes his or her country of usual residence.”1 Migration can be voluntary or involuntary, the latter being considered reluctant when situations encourage relocation or forced when people relocate to avoid direct harm.2 Forced relocation occurs within a country or across countries for asylum seekers and refugees who cannot return home.2 The rise in violence worldwide raises questions if international agreements secure the health rights of various types of migrant minors and what more can be done. The political crisis at the United States’ southwestern border exemplifies how health rights vary by migrant type. Since 2016, 147 745 unaccompanied minors and 253 000 families with at least 1 child aged ≤18 years have migrated from 4 countries to escape violence.3 El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico have homicide rates of 82.84, 27.26, 56.52, and 19.26 per 100 000 people, respectively, compared with a global average of 5.30.4 Invoking national security, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has discouraged asylum seekers from illegal border crossings by separating children from adults, who are tried for prosecution,5 leading to >2737 separations in 2018.6 Unaccompanied minors and families are processed at centers whose conditions are inconsistent with American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines on caring for children.7 Minors released into the public for asylum hearings must determine if local laws cover health services because there is no uniform national policy. DHS arranges services for detainees,8 which have not followed evidence-based guidelines.9 UN officials have found that although 48% of asylum seekers migrated to escape threatened or actual harm, the remainder migrated voluntarily or reluctantly for better social, economic, and political circumstances.10 Conflicts in the Middle East demonstrate how migrant minors face health restrictions during humanitarian … Address correspondence to Neil Krishan Aggarwal, MD, MBA, MA, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, Unit 11, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: neil.aggarwal{at}nyspi.columbia.edu
Automated Analysis of Proxemic Behavior: Leveraging Metrics from the Social Sciences

We discuss a set of metrics for analyzing human spatial behavior motivated by work in the social sciences; specifically, we investigate individual, attentional, interpersonal, physiological, and organizational factors that contribute to social spacing (proxemics). We then present a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of real-time annotation of these spatial behaviors in multi-person social encounters. In particular, we are interested in working with sensor suites that (1) are non-invasive to participants, (2) are readily deployable in a variety of environments—ranging from an instrumented workspace to a mobile robot platform—and (3) do not interfere with the social interaction itself. Finally, we provide an analysis of the performance of the annotation system, and discuss applications and future directions of this work. Keywords-Proxemics; spatial interaction; spatial dynamics; spatial orientation; human-robot interaction; PrimeSensor; Kinect.
A Review on Production, Characterization and Application of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Biocomposites

Bacterial cellulose (BC) can be produced by an agitated or static fermentation process in presence of suitable media. Groups of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and algae are responsible for the synthesis of BC. Under agitated cultivation, BC yield is enhanced as compared to static cultivation. BC is pure cellulose, so it can easily interact with hydrophilic or hydrophobic biopolymers. In this review paper, we have discussed the preparation and characterization of BC reinforced biopolymer (polylactic acid, cellulosic fibers, agar, and Mater-Bi) based biocomposites and biopolymer (natural rubber, chitosan, polycaprolactone, hydroxyapatite) reinforced BC-based biocomposites related research carried out in last 2 decades. The high moisture content of BC results in reduced compatibility to most hydrophobic biopolymers as compared to hydrophilic biopolymers. Mechanical properties of BC before and after reinforcement were compared as it is important parameters in the production of green composites with targeted application in tissue engineering, wound dressing, dental implants, artificial blood vessels, surgical mesh, bone fillings, heart valve, and artificial cartilage. This review paper will help in exploring various applications of BC-based biocomposites in addition to several parameters that affect the production of BC.
Abstract P196: Exacerbation Of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome After An Oral Glucose Challenge: Role Of Incretins

Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is characterized by excessive upright tachycardia and disabling pre-syncopal symptoms, which are exacerbated after consuming a high-carbohydrate meal. The purpo...
A Spurless and Wideband Continuous-Time Electro-Optical Phase Locked Loop (CT-EOPLL) for High Performance LiDAR

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems are drawing increasing interest due to their potential applications in autonomous driving, machine perception, rapid prototyping, and medical diagnostics. The nonlinearity of a laser’s input-output transfer function can degrade the performance of an FMCW LiDAR. However, traditional discrete-time electro-optical phase-locked loops (DT-EOPLLs) face an unfavorable trade-off between chirp bandwidth and Mach-Zehnder delay. We present an integrated continuous-time electro-optic phase-locked loop (CT-EOPLL) to address this problem. The proposed EOPLL is very wideband, with its loop bandwidth equal to its reference frequency. This feature enables it to relax the trade-off between chirp bandwidth and Mach-Zehnder (MZ) delay by 10× in dB scale, which consequently reduces the area and loss associated with the silicon photonic delay implementation. It also does not suffer from the challenging issue of spurs in wideband PLLs because it features image and harmonic spur suppression in the loop using single-sideband (SSB) and harmonic-reject (HR) mixing techniques. The electrical part of this EOPLL is implemented in 65nm CMOS technology, and its optical integrated circuit is fabricated using a silicon photonic process. Featuring more than 25dB of suppression of the highest spur, this EOPLL is utilized in a high precision LiDAR sensor that shows an RMS depth precision of 558μm at 2m distance, and a 9.4mm RMS depth resolution at ranges exceeding 3.3m.
Ancestral relations and late prehispanic dynamics between the Mimbres and Casas Grandes cultures of the American Southwest/Mexican Northwest region

Abstract Archaeological interpretations for the seemingly sudden introduction of new types of material culture or cultural practice often include attribution to the arrival of a migrant population. In the American Southwest/Mexican Northwest region, one heavily debated migration is that regarding the inhabitants of the Mimbres valley of southwestern New Mexico and their supposed relocation to Paquime in the Casas Grandes valley, Chihuahua, Mexico. This paper grounds interpretations for and against any such migration within broader anthropological studies of migration, as well as a systematic evaluation of all lines of evidence employed to support such a substantial population relocation. Whereas genetic data are supportive for population intermingling between the two areas, the cultural data remain ambiguous to oppositional. Consequently, I conclude that although a migration of Mimbres people to the Casas Grandes valley likely occurred, that it was neither as meaningful as has previously been argued nor was it the sole destination area for Mimbres people. Additionally, I situate broader historical trends that characterize late prehispanic southwest New Mexico, northwest Chihuahua, and the borderland region within anthropological theory on migration and culture change and provide new explanations for a dynamic two century period.
Programs on Large Scale Applications of Superconductivity in the United States

A brief overview is given of U.S. programs on large-scale applications of superconductivity. For each of the projects that was separable, we have given the organization, the manager or key contact man, a brief description of the device and its application, comments on the type of program, the source and amount of funding whenever possible, the current status of the project, and projected plans for the next few months to a year. For convenience, the programs have been divided into seven categories based upon their intended application 1) generators for electric power systems, 2) electric power transmission, 3) machinery for propulsion systems and auxiliary power supplies, 4) magnets for energy storage, MHD, and CTR systems, 5) magnets and cavities for high energy physics experiments, 6) magnets for industrial and medical applications, and 7) land transportation systems. For each category there are summary tables and a brief interpretive and descriptive text. Programs on basic superconductivity science and general background materials studies have not been included unless they are directly supported as part of an applied project. The total level of funding for the programs reviewed here is about $26 M per year, with most of that coming from the federal government, especially the Atomic Energy Commission. The main non-government support in the field comes from the Electric Power Research Institute, though a significant amount also comes from manufacturers.
Electoral Reform and Legislative Behavior in Post-Communist Ukraine

This paper examines the decision by the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada to introduce a pure proportional representation system for the 2006 legislative election. I argue that both office-seeking and policy-seeking explanations cannot account for this change. Instead, we need to understand how the issues of party control over legislators and the power of the presidency impacted electoral system preferences. I show that many of the parties, primarily center parties, that succeeded in the single-member district tier of the mixed-member majoritarian system faced difficulties controlling their deputies’ behaviors. In addition, preferences over the relationship between the president and the legislature influenced the positions of both the center and right parties.
The Review of Russia's Economic Legislation in February 2015

In January 2015, the following amendments were introduced into the legislation: the procedure for employment in the Russian Federation of high skilled workers – foreign nationals was specified; additional requirements to a leasing agreement concluded by state or municipal entities were set; the new procedure for withdrawal of land plots for state and municipal needs was established
Review of Research on Knowledge Transfer in Care Transitions: Trust-Enhancing Principles for Information Systems Design

This article reviews qualitative studies on discharge and patient care transition processes to understand the barriers to knowledge transfer and to propose principles for information systems for facilitating effective care transitions. Knowledge transfer occurs at many points during the processes, but this review focuses on two critical boundaries: (1) between patients and providers and (2) among various inpatient and outpatient providers. Failure to manage knowledge flows at these boundaries during care transitions can lead to unnecessary patient readmissions. However, interventions to improve processes and outcomes of care transitions have achieved mixed results. Our preliminary findings highlight trust-related barriers to knowledge transfer that might help to explain the mixed results. Analysis also suggests a lack of consideration for information technology's role in building trust during care transitions. We propose trust-enhancing principles for information systems design to better enable knowledge flows in patient-provider and provider-provider relationships.
Childhood Physical Maltreatment and Young Adult Dating Violence: A Propensity Matching Approach:

Intimate partner violence disproportionately occurs among young adults and relates to a range of health and behavioral problems throughout the life course. Although numerous studies substantiate the prevailing cycle of violence perspective, methodological limitations in prior research prohibit the conclusion of a causal relationship between childhood physical maltreatment and dating violence perpetration and victimization in young adulthood. The current research applies a quasi-experimental propensity score matching approach to a large sample of young adults ( n = 4,168) to isolate the causal effect of childhood physical maltreatment on dating violence perpetration and victimization. Results suggest selection bias accounts for the correlation between childhood physical maltreatment and young adult physical dating violence perpetration and victimization, indicating a spurious relationship-before matching: odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, p < .001; OR = 1.35, p < .001; after matching: OR = 1.08; p = .379; OR = 1.09; p = .297. Study limitations and implications are discussed.
Characterization of ultrafast laser-ablation plasma plumes at various Ar ambient pressures

Recently, we reported morphological changes in ultrafast laser ablation plumes in varying ambient pressures [Diwakar et al., J. Appl. Phys. 116, 133301 (2014)]. In this paper, we report the emission features of fs laser ablated brass plasma plumes at various Ar background pressure levels ranging from vacuum to atmospheric conditions and correlated to changes in plume morphology. Spatially resolved wavelength dispersed images of the plume were recorded for characterizing the spectral features at various pressure levels and also used for obtaining spatial distribution of Cu I and Zn I species in the plume, signal-to-noise ratios, and fundamental parameters of the plasma, specifically temperature and density. The spatial evolution of plasma temperature and density showed significant changes at various ambient pressure levels; these results were correlated to morphological changes seen in the plume images. Optical time-of-flight profiles were used to study time evolution of various species in the plume and indicated oscillations of ablation plumes at intermediate pressure levels. Possible mechanisms for observed changes in plume shape, optical emission intensity, and dual peak structures in time-of-flight profiles are discussed.
A Conceptual View of Test Anxiety

GibsonPurpose The purpose of this study is to clarify the term test anxiety with a focus on nursing education. Conclusion Walker and Avant's concept analysis technique was used to examine the term test anxiety. The attributes of the concept of test anxiety include administration of a test, negative subjective feelings, behavioral aspects, physical signs, and cognitive aspects. Practice Implications Understanding test anxiety in the nursing student can help develop research-based interventions. Assessing test anxiety in nursing students is important for nurse educators to better understand the challenges that face these upcoming nursing professionals. Nursing research that further explores test anxiety is needed. Gibson