cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The spatial and temporal patterns of odors sampled by lobsters and crabs in a turbulent plume

SUMMARY Odors are dispersed across aquatic habitats by turbulent water flow as filamentous, intermittent plumes. Many crustaceans sniff (take discrete samples of ambient water and the odors it carries) by flicking their olfactory antennules. We used planar laser-induced fluorescence to investigate how flicking antennules of different morphologies (long antennules of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus ; short antennules of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus ) sample fluctuating odor signals at different positions in a turbulent odor plume in a flume to determine whether the patterns of concentrations captured can provide information about an animal9s position relative to the odor source. Lobster antennules intercept odors during a greater percentage of flicks and encounter higher peak concentrations than do crab antennules, but because crabs flick at higher frequency, the duration of odor-free gaps between encountered odor pulses is similar. For flicking antennules there were longer time gaps between odor encounters as the downstream distance to the odor source decreases, but shorter gaps along the plume centerline than near the edge. In contrast to the case for antennule flicking, almost all odor-free gaps were
Are Consumers Too Trusting? The Effects of Relationships with Expert Advisers

Abstract Many important and complex consumer decisions rely on the advice of trusted professional experts. Many experts, however, such as doctors, financial advisers, and accountants, may be prone to conflicts of interest. As such, consumers may seek a second opinion. A series of studies investigate consumers' reluctance to seek additional advice in the context of having an ongoing relationship with one expert service provider. The authors find evidence in health care claims that long-term relationships contribute to more expensive, but not necessarily better, treatment. In addition, a series of experiments show that people recognize when they could benefit from a second opinion but are more reluctant to do so when thinking about their own providers rather than someone else's. Further studies test a relationship maintenance hypothesis and show that consumers' reluctance to seek second opinions is partially driven by their motivation to preserve relationship harmony, even when it is at their own personal e...
The Effect of Particle Size on Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue of Al/SiC Metal Matrix Composites

Numerous research papers have focused on elevated temperature behaviour of metal matrix composites with aluminium matrices and silicon carbide reinforcements in recent years [1–6]. These materials exhibit superior elevated temperature strength, higher elastic modulus and lower coefficient of thermal expansion compared to matrix alloys. There is abundant information on experimental, numerical and analytical studies of volume fraction effects on mechanical properties of the materials. There is far less information on the influence of particle size on the strengthening and flow behaviour [7–9]. Preliminary experimental results confirmed that the particle size effect is significant and could even surpass the volume fraction effect [8–9]. The reasons for the increased strengthening associated with the particle size have been linked to grain refinement [10–11], geometrically necessary dislocations [12], Orowan [13] looping mechanism, and dislocation pileup or blockage of plastic flow at the particles. It has been forwarded that smaller particle sizes result in smaller grain sizes of the matrix resulting in strengthening through a Hall-Petch type of relationship. Simple analyses for geometrically necessary dislocations have been reported by Ashby [12] resulting in a dependence of the strength on particle size to one-half power. The Orowan looping mechanism could be operative especially at small particle sizes but its contribution to strengthening becomes small as the particle size increases and nears the grain size. The dislocation pileup at particles could be an effective mechanism for blocking slip.
Pediatric Liver Transplantation

Liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease in children. Over the past 30 years, significant advances have been made in all disciplines involved in the specialty. This has led to progressive improvements in survival and quality of life after transplantation. The advent of advanced surgical techniques of segmental liver transplantation has widened the donor pool to allow children of all ages access to treatment. The incidence of technical complications and the need for retransplantation have continued to fall. The focus of care is turning toward improving long-term outcomes and avoiding the complications of immunosuppression. The development of specialist care for adolescents and transition to adult services reflect the increasing numbers of long-term survivors and the emerging challenges in this population.
The Application of GaAs TCAD in Industry

The implementation and application of GaAs technology CAD for industrial research and development are described. Existing silicon-oriented software was modified extensively to make it applicable to the simulation of GaAs processes and devices. RF-oriented post-processing capabilities were implemented, and effective applications methodologies were developed. Examples of the practical application of GaAs technology CAD are presented.
Design of skin flaps to study vascular insufficiency.

Abstract Skin flaps have been developed in both dog and rabbit for the study of vascularity insufficiency. The flap can be fashioned with various size blood vessels in its base and its ultimate viability can be predicted with the use of fluorescein dye. Delaying the flaps at a prior operative procedure markedly increased the amount of skin that would survive. Neither vascularity nor the ultimate viability of the flaps was increased by treatment with dextran 40 or vasodilators.
A Non-Body Conformal Grid Method for Simulation of Compressible Flows with Complex Immersed Boundaries

A compressible non-body conformal grid method is presented. The method is designed to simulate a large variety of subsonic compressible flows with complex geometries. A hybrid implicit-explicit timediscretization scheme is chosen. The diagonal viscous terms are treated implicitly and all other terms including the convective terms and cross-terms are treated explicitly using a low-storage, 3-Order RungeKutta scheme. A mixed second-order central difference-QUICK scheme has been used which allows us to precisely control the numerical damping. A ghostcell approach is employed in conjunction with a bilinear interpolation scheme so as to satisfy the boundary conditions on the immersed boundaries while preserving second-order accuracy. Numerical results are validated by comparing against experimental data and other established simulation results.
Impediments to the Development of Additional Vaccines: Vaccines Against Important Diseases That Will Not Be Available in the Next Decade

The availability of new biotechnologies has led to the prediction that new or improved vaccines can be developed for 27 diseases within the next decade. The reasons why such optimism cannot be extended to the availability of vaccines for many other infectious diseases are considered by reviewing the steps in vaccine development, from identification of the etiologic agent to construction of attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Impediments to development may exist or arise at any point in this pathway (e.g., multiplicity of serotypes, inability to cultivate the pathogen, multistage life cycles with multiple antigens, unpredictability of epidemics, inadequate knowledge of pathogenesis and immunity, fear of gene splicing, need for an adjuvant, and lack of profitability). Diseases for which vaccines are not likely to be available in the next decade include trachoma, onchocerciasis, pneumonia due to Legionella and to mycoplasmas, amebiasis and giardiasis, schistosomiasis, syphilis, chlamydial urethritis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and filariasis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Vergil's Furies

Two decades ago J. H. Waszink proposed in these pages a solution to the puzzle produced by Vergil's use of the phrase agmina sororum of the Furies at Aeneid 6.571–72. His suggestion has received the serious attention which it warranted; but on further reflection his solution to the problem is seen to be unsatisfactory
Osmolytic Co-Solute Perturbing the Surface Enhancement of Halide Ions

We have investigated the variation in the surface binding free energy with the choice of halide ion, F–, Cl–, Br–, and I–, in water–glycerol binary mixtures with varying glycerol concentrations usi...
Lead Hazard Research for the Low Lead Environment Work

[Objective]To investigate the current status of hazards in low lead environment work and take corresponding countermeasures. [Methods]Field occupational health investigation,physical examination and the analysis by synthesis method were adopted for evaluation. [Results]The Occupational population blood lead levels from high to low respectively were the lead smelter radiation worker highway maintenance worker the manufacturing industry worker(control group).In the low lead environment work,the blood lead average levels of radiation worker and highway maintenance worker were high,the difference with the lead smelting works and the manufacturing industry workers(P0.01). [Conclusion]The low lead environmental works represented by radiation workers and road maintenance workers should be concerned about the occupational hazards of lead.
Study on the gasification Reaction Dynamic of Coal Coke and CO_2

The CO2 gasification reactivity test of coke that is taken from Huolinhe, Yima, Yanzhou, Pingshuo, Shenhua and Datong coal was conducted at 900～1050℃ in the thermobalance. Dynamic parameters of six coal coke samples were gained through experiment data treatment. The CO2 gasification reactivity of coal coke is contracted under different parameters.
Output feedback robust H_∞ control for interval discrete-time singular systems

The problem of static output feedback robust H_∞ control for a class of interval discrete-time singular systems is discussed.Firstly,a kind of equivalent description of the interval discrete-time singular systems is given.Then a sufficient condition for solvability of the problem and the explicit expression of static output feedback robust H_∞ controller are obtained in terms of matrix inequalities.The designed controller guaranteed that the closed-loop systems is regular,causal,stable and satisfying a prescribed H_∞ norm bounded constraint.Finally,a numerical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Learning About Phonons with Frequencies Below One kHz

Two areas of interest in phonon research are effects in highly disordered solids and nonlinear effects. When phonons propagate in a disordered potential field, they may become Anderson localized, in a fashion similar to electron Schrodinger waves in disordered metals. If there are nonlinear interactions, the question arises as to whether or not the nonlinearity will weaken the Anderson localization. Recently we have been studying such questions using macroscopic acoustic analogs of linear and nonlinear wave propagation in disordered, as well as ordered systems. These systems, designed to precisely simulate certain problems in phonon and electron physics, are operated at frequencies below 1 KHz. We have also used such a system to study the vibrational properties of a 2-D quasicrystal.
De Clérambault On-Line: A Survey of Erotomania and Stalking from the Old World to the World Wide Web

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the survey of erotomania and stalking from the old world to the World Wide Web. The nosological and diagnostic controversies over erotomania have apparently been resolved for the time being by DSM-IV (APA, 1994). They are listed as the erotomanic subtype of the diagnostic category delusional disorder. De Clerambault diagnosed primary (or “pure”) erotomania as a monodelusional disorder, in which there is a precise and explosive onset, with no significant psychiatric symptoms apart from the elaborate erotomanic features. This chapter contrasts the pure cases of erotomania from secondary cases, in which the distinctive delusion was, but one manifestation of a more generalized psychotic illness, usually with a disorganized and deteriorating clinical course. The morbid infatuation preoccupies patients to the exclusion of other interests, results in serious disruption of their lives, and leads to a relentless pursuit of the love object, often with escalating intrusiveness. A state of the art review of the nosological and diagnostic status, demographic characteristics, psychodynamics, and potential for violence of erotomania and its variants has been presented.
Surface Gravity Water Waves

Of all of the forces induced by the ocean environment on structures, those due to surface gravity waves are the most important and at the same time the most difficult to determine. The critical evaluations to be made are: (i) what is the likelihood (or probability) of the occurrence of waves of a given magnitude, frequency (of the wave’s, and duration (of this wave intensity) at a given location during the proposed life of the structure; (ii) how can this ‘time history’ of waves be interpreted as a ‘time history’ of forces (or loads) acting on the structure; and, finally, (iii) what are the effects of the force history on the structure (i.e., the behavioral response of the structure). The first question is largely discussed in Chapter v of Part I. Part II is devoted to a discussion of the second question, and Part III treats the final question in a general manner. The behavioral response of specific structures are discussed in Part IV. The remainder of this chapter and the next chapter deal with the description of ocean water gravity waves and various methods of analyzing these waves.
Resource Accounting of Shared IT Resources in Multi-Tenant Clouds

In today's IT platforms, the capability to accurately account overall resource usage among applications is crucial for variety of management actions (e.g., capacity planning, dynamic resource reallocation and/or load balancing). However, in the environments where small number of shared services cater to a large number of distinct entities' requests, resource accounting becomes significantly challenging. First, the overall resource consumption at the shared service is the aggregate of the resource consumption for multiple remote entities whose identities are not visible to the shared service. Second, even if such information becomes available, common monitoring tools (e.g., top, iostat) are unable to deliver accurate break-down of resource consumption since sharing occurs at sub-instance level (i.e., service instances are not exclusive). We study inherent challenges of performing resource accounting of shared resource. We compare two nonintrusive approaches having different balance between local monitoring and collective inference - (i) LR that uses easily-available tools which provide aggregate measurement and applying well-known linear regression as inference, and (ii) Rameter that puts more emphasis on gathering fine-grained per-thread information from within the hypervisor and applying light inference on the data. Evaluation shows that Rameter offers less than 1% error in accounting whereas LR's error fluctuates between 5-150%.
A Comparative Global Analysis of Drone Laws: Best Practices and Policies

This chapter reviews existing and emerging drone laws around the globe. The opportunity to study a completely new legal space is as rare as it is difficult because many laws do not yet exist to address the practical challenge of integrating unmanned aviation assets into an airspace ecosystem originally designed for manned flight. In this context, the goals of this chapter are twofold. First, drone laws so far enacted are reviewed, and second, from that data set, trends and best practices for private and commercial unmanned aviation used worldwide are assessed. The qualitative data collected for this chapter reveal that substantive drone laws vary from nation to nation; but safety, privacy, and national security are unifying concerns underlying the first generation of unmanned aviation regulations worldwide. Most authorities around the globe require both private and public drone operators to obtain regulatory pre-approval for flight, with many national civil aviation authorities settling on an approach that ties permission to fly with the physical and operational capabilities of the drone to be flown (e.g., size, mass, speed, height, and operator qualifications). Meanwhile, broadly speaking, the operation of commercial drones is strictly regulated, if allowed at all, while the flight of private, recreational, hobby, and toy drones is permissible unless operated irresponsibly near airplanes, airports, and people. As such, best practices suggest that drone advocates reflect the nearly ubiquitous conservatism of drone laws around the world. First, drone manufacturers and distributors should launch outreach campaigns designed to educate the public and lawmakers about the benefits of unmanned aviation. Second, and contemporaneously, drone users must put forward a compelling safety case that gives regulators the confidence to relax laws and policies that would otherwise impede the development of unmanned aviation technologies worldwide.
Efficient modeling of the coupling from a small circular loop to a multi-conductor transmission line above a lossy ground

A low-frequency coupling model consisting of a multi-conductor transmission line (TL) system and a small circular loop antenna is presented. The TL system is composed of N perfect electrical conductor (PEC) wires above a lossy ground. An approximate and computationally efficient analytical method is proposed to predict the current distribution on each wire. The total electromagnetic (EM) fields produced by the small circular loop antenna above the lossy half-space are calculated by employing a discrete complex image method (DCIM). The resulting induced current distributions are subsequently calculated and validated with a commercially available moment method code.
Origin and Evolution of Guinea Sorghums

(1972). Origin and Evolution of Guinea Sorghums. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 114-119.
Sensing Chicago: noisemakers, strikebreakers, and muckrakers

In Sensing Chicago, Adam Mack examines how the interplay of culture, class, and the senses shaped Gilded Age Americans’ experiences of urban life, as well as their views on topics such as labor unr...
On the Adiabatic Representation of Meyer-Miller Electronic-Nuclear Dynamics

The Meyer-Miller (MM) classical vibronic (electronic + nuclear) Hamiltonian for electronically non-adiabatic dynamics-as used, for example, with the recently developed symmetrical quasiclassical (SQC) windowing model-can be written in either a diabatic or an adiabatic representation of the electronic degrees of freedom, the two being a canonical transformation of each other, thus giving the same dynamics. Although most recent applications of this SQC/MM approach have been carried out in the diabatic representation-because most of the benchmark model problems that have exact quantum results available for comparison are typically defined in a diabatic representation-it will typically be much more convenient to work in the adiabatic representation, e.g., when using Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surfaces (PESs) and derivative couplings that come from electronic structure calculations. The canonical equations of motion (EOMs) (i.e., Hamilton's equations) that come from the adiabatic MM Hamiltonian, however, in addition to the common first-derivative couplings, also involve second-derivative non-adiabatic coupling terms (as does the quantum Schrodinger equation), and the latter are considerably more difficult to calculate. This paper thus revisits the adiabatic version of the MM Hamiltonian and describes a modification of the classical adiabatic EOMs that are entirely equivalent to Hamilton's equations but that do not involve the second-derivative couplings. The second-derivative coupling terms have not been neglected; they simply do not appear in these modified adiabatic EOMs. This means that SQC/MM calculations can be carried out in the adiabatic representation, without approximation, needing only the PESs and the first-derivative coupling elements. The results of example SQC/MM calculations are presented, which illustrate this point, and also the fact that simply neglecting the second-derivative couplings in Hamilton's equations (and presumably also in the Schrodinger equation) can cause very significant errors.
Gino Moretti, the Maestro of Gas Dynamics

Gino Moretti was an exceptionally multi-talented man. My recollections of him can only be but one piece of a complex mosaic of him. He was extremely respectful for the physics of fluids and intolerant for sloppy or wasteful numerical simulations of fluid phenomena. To get a complete portrait of Gino Moretti, if it is at all possible, would take an extraordinary large number of people who interacted with him from diverse viewpoints. Most of my observations about this great man come from attending meetings where he spoke on computational fluid dynamics.
Theory of a two-cavity gyrotron frequency multiplier

A novel frequency multiplying device is analyzed which provides selective gain at the cyclotron harmonics in a quasi-optical gyrotron. The device utilizes a prebunching section which enforces a double-resonance condition on the generated radiation. This selects among cyclotron harmonics in the output cavity even though the cavity structure supports all harmonics. The prebunching is accomplished by modulation of electron magnetic moments by a low frequency input rf field. A design is given for quasi-optical operation at the third cyclotron harmonic (four times the input field frequency) with 10-15% efficiency and linear suppression of the lower cyclotron harmonics.
Protein Targeting: ER Leads the Way to the Inner Nuclear Envelope

Efficient targeting of newly synthesized membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the inner nuclear membrane depends on nucleotide hydrolysis. A new study shows that this dependence reflects critical actions of the atlastin family of GTPases in maintaining the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum network.
Incorporating Expectations as a Basis for Business Service Selection

The collaborative creation of value is the central tenet of services science. In particular, then, the quality of a service encounter would depend on the mutual expectations of the participants. Specifically, the quality of experience that a consumer derives from a service encounter would depend on how the consumer’s expectations are refined and how well they are met by the provider during the encounter. We postulate that incorporating expectations ought therefore be a crucial element of business service selection.
Salivary Gland and Adnexal Type Tumors of the Lungs

Salivary gland type tumors have been described in many locations of the body including the bronchopulmonary system. In the lungs, they are thought to arise from the minor salivary gland tissue of the tracheobronchial tree. Morphologically, histochemically, and immunohistochemically, these tumors share similar characteristics with their counterparts in the salivary glands; however, some differences have been observed in their histologic spectrum and biologic behavior. In addition, contrary to primary salivary gland tumors, the tumors arising in the lungs are uncommon, representing <1 % of all pulmonary neoplasms [1, 2]. Therefore, careful clinical and radiological investigations in patients presenting with a pulmonary salivary gland type tumor are essential to rule out metastasis from a salivary gland primary. The salivary gland type tumors known to originate in the lungs include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, and oncocytoma. Another rare adnexal type neoplasm, sebaceous carcinoma, is also included in this chapter. The most pertinent histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular features of these tumors are summarized in Table 6.1.
An alternative fundamental weighting scheme based on enterprise value multiple

Fundamental indexing has been proposed as a semi-active strategy that outperforms classical market-capitalization weighting. This paper proposes an alternative weighting scheme based on the enterprise value multiple (EM) that integrates the market value of equity with debt information. Over the period 1972–2017, the EM-weighted index has lower tracking error and a higher information ratio when compared with a composite fundamental index in US equities. The EM index generates an information ratio of 0.71 which is larger than the composite fundamental index. The EM index also generates significant alpha that exceeds the traditional fundamental index using several asset pricing models. Further tests show that debt information plays an important role in the outperformance of the alternative weighting scheme.
Party crashers: Interest groups as a latent threat to party networks in congressional primaries:

Recent research asserts that coalitions of party leaders, interest groups, and activists will cooperate to support the nomination of mutually acceptable candidates in primary elections. In this art...
“I’m Not Really 100% a Woman If I Can’t Have a Kid”: Infertility and the Intersection of Gender, Identity, and the Body:

Despite establishing the gendered construction of infertility, most research on the subject has not examined how individuals with such reproductive difficulty negotiate their own sense of gender. I...
Developing Cognitive Skills Through Active Learning: A Systematic Review of Health Care Professions

Objective To systematically review current literature to determine whether active learning is more successful than passive learning at producing cognitive skills in health care professions students...
Risk analysis of imported schistosomiasis in Shanghai City from 2005 to 2015

Objective To understand the risk situation of imported schistosomiasis and its main influencing factors in Shanghai City from 2005 to 2015. Methods A retrospective survey was performed, and the database was established based on the data collection of imported schistosomiasis, Oncomelania hupensis snail situation and mobile population in Shanghai City from 2005 to 2015. Results From 2005 to 2015, the mobile population in Shanghai City increased by 123.92%, which reached about 9 816 500, and 54.70% of them were located in the inner suburban districts. The accumulated areas with snails of 7.13 hm2 were found in 16 towns of 4 outer suburbs (excluding Chongming District). A total of 23 cases of imported schistosomiasis were found in Shanghai City, and the number of the imported schistosomiasis cases was on the downward trend (rs = -0.782, P = 0.004). From 2005 to 2009, 11 out of 13 imported schistosomiasis cases (84.62%) were distributed in the inner suburban districts where no O. hupensis snails were found at the same time. From 2010 to 2015, 9 out of 10 imported schistosomiasis cases (90%) were distributed in the outer suburban districts where O. hupensis snails were found at the same time. Conclusions The number of imported schistosomiasis cases in Shanghai is on the downward trend. However, the threat of imported schistosomiasis to the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Shanghai City should not be ignored.
Albendazole-induced anagen effluvium.

Anagen effluvium is a nonscarring alopecia that often presents after a toxic or inflammatory insult fractures the hair shaft. Anagen effluvium may be triggered by chemotherapeutic agents (antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and mitotic inhibitors) and usually occurs within 14 days of treatment. The effects are generally reversible, with hair regrowth upon discontinuation of the offending agent.1 In contrast, telogen effluvium is caused by the premature shift of anagen hairs into the resting phase.2 Precipitating factors include medications, physical or psychological stressors, hospitalization, and pregnancy.1 Although albendazole has a relatively benign side-effect profile, rare occurrences of anagen and telogen-effluvium have been described with this medication.3, 4
Clinical outcomes and financial impacts of malnutrition in sepsis.

Background:In the United States in 2014 approximately 1.7 million adults were hospitalized with sepsis, resulting in about 270,000 deaths. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients contributes to incre...
Service Dogs and Safety in Academic Laboratories.

The Americans with Disabilities Act allows a student with a disability to bring a service dog into any facility where the public is allowed, including academic teaching and research laboratories. However, the presence of the service dog does have an impact on the safety of the student, the service dog, and others in the laboratory. This article explores some of the questions that must be addressed to maintain a safe environment.
Performance Evaluation of High-Temperature Ultrasonic Communication System

Ultrasonic communication is a technique that allows transmitting information through a solid material such as tubes or bars using high-frequency elastic waves. The communication channels often extend into a high-temperature range in the field of power, oil, or nuclear industry. When the temperature is taken into consideration, the ultrasonic wave propagation through the solid channel is complex and unpredictable. It is necessary to study the influence of temperature on the ultrasonic guided wave to improve ultrasonic communication. In this study, a temperature control system is assembled to adjust the temperature of a steel pipe channel ranging from room temperature to 150 °C. The temperature performance evaluation is conducted to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) of transferring the ultrasonic signal. The work aims to develop a reliable ultrasonic communication system in a high-temperature environment. The system temperature can be maintained at 150 °C and the LiNbO3 transducers are used as transmitters and receivers. No power amplifier is used in the communication system. The high-temperature ultrasonic communication system (HT-UCS) is feasible at 150 °C and can achieve a bit rate of 10 kbps without any error.
What Counts As 'Safe?': Exposure To Trauma And Violence Among Asylum Seekers From The Northern Triangle.

In 2019 the United States signed Asylum Cooperative Agreements with the Northern Triangle countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, in Central America. In November 2019 the Trump administr...
Edge Intelligence in 6G Systems

In this chapter, we provide a vision for edge intelligence as a key building block of 6G wireless systems. As we evolve towards a new breed of wireless services, enabled by an Internet of Intelligence system, wireless networks cannot operate in a rigid, static, and conventional infrastructure. Instead, networks need to be capable of providing distributed decision making where and when needed. On the one hand, the foreseen 6G services require operational intelligence to orchestrate wireless functions and resources in the presence of small, but massive heterogeneous data dispersed across edge devices. On the other hand, they require service intelligence to execute complex applications such as high-precision manufacturing and holographic teleportation. Subsequently, artificial intelligence at the edge must manage large-scale, heterogeneous, massive small data to perform highly precise and accurate decision making, while linking the result to a contextual awareness. To break the heterogeneity in data and the intermittent nature of resources, we propose a framework deploying unsupervised learning mechanisms via meta-learning which enables clustering trends in separate tasks which are later meta-learned. Furthermore, we identify the need to provide a sustainable and proactive network design and optimization, by enabling an explainable edge intelligence backed by data-science and theory-based models.
Online Disclosure of Sexual Victimization and Social Reactions: What Do We Know?

Many survivors of sexual violence share their experiences with someone. As social media becomes an increasingly common platform for disclosing and responding to sexual victimization, it is vital to...
General Relativistic Effects in Tidal Disruption Flares

In this chapter, we review the literature on ways in which general relativity (GR) can strongly modify aspects of stellar tidal disruption. It is natural to expect that GR should play an important role in TDEs, as these events occur deep in the potential wells of supermassive black holes (SMBHs): for a \(10^6 M_{\odot}\) SMBH, the gravitational radius \(R_{\rm g}=GM_{\rm BH}/c^2\) is roughly \(1/47\) the value of the tidal radius \(R_{\rm t}\).
Basic Abdominal Ultrasound in the ICU

Physical examination and evaluation of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit setting is difficult and often impaired by the presence of an altered mental status, recent surgeries, open wounds, and the presence of multiple monitoring devices. Ultrasound is particularly useful in the evaluation of abdominal pathology in this patient population. This chapter will cover basic abdominal ultrasound in the ICU including the evaluation for free fluid, gallbladder, kidney and bladder abnormalities. In addition, interventional techniques such as abdominal paracentesis, intraperitoneal abscess drainage and percutaneous cholecystostomy tube placement will be described in detail.
Syllogistic reasoning as a basis for combination of evidence in expert systems

In the presence of uncertainty, computation of the certainty factor of a hypothesis requires, in general, the availability of rules for combining evidence under chaining, disjunction and conjunction. The method described in this paper is based on the use of what may be viewed as a generalization of syllogistic reasoning in classical logic--a generalization in which numerical or, more generally, fuzzy quantifiers assume the role of probabilities. For example, the proposition QA's are B's, in which Q is a numerical or fuzzy quantifier, may be interpreted as "the conditional probability of B given A is Q." In this sense, the knowledge base of an expert system may be assumed to consist of propositions of the general form "QA's are B's." It is shown that six basic syllogisms are sufficient to provide a systematic framework for the computation of certainty factors. A comparison with the rules of combination of evidence in PROSPECTOR, MYCIN and other expert systems is presented and a connection between syllogistic reasoning and the Dempster-Shafer theory is established. The syllogistic method of reasoning lends itself to a computationally efficient implementation and thus provides an effective tool for the management of uncertainty in expert systems.
Partial immunochemical characterization of the Ro and La proteins using antibodies from patients with the sicca syndrome and lupus erythematosus.

Ro and La are intracellular ribonucleoproteins that are frequent targets for autoantibodies in the sicca syndrome and in lupus erythematosus. We analyzed the m.w. of the protein (antigen) moieties of Ro and La in saline cell extracts of human spleen by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, gel filtration, and sucrose density ultracentrifugation with radioimmunoassay. pI values for Ro and La proteins were established by isoelectric focusing on thin layer agarose gels and immunoblotting on nitrocellulose transfers. The La protein had an m.w. of approximately 43 kd and was heterogeneous in charge, with pI values from 4.2 to 4.8. Composite two-dimensional maps developed by immunoblotting revealed a characteristic set of seven dots of m.w. 43 kd. Ro determinants were identified on polypeptides of 50 and/or 57 kd. Antigenic activity was also detected in the void volume of spleen extract fractionated by Sephadex G-200 and in 8 to 9S and greater than 19S regions of sucrose gradients, suggesting either aggregation of the Ro protein or participation in protein-protein complexes. pI values of 4.3 to 5.5 were obtained for the Ro antigen, and two-dimensional maps revealed that the 57 kd polypeptide had a similar charge heterogeneity to the La protein, whereas the 50 kd polypeptide had a different fingerprint. Immunoblotting of extracts from bovine, rabbit, and dog extracts showed that antibodies to Ro and La reacted with a limited number of polypeptides (m.w. 50 and/or 57 kd for anti-Ro and 43 or 50 kd for anti-La). These studies support the physical independence of the isolated Ro and La polypeptides, although a precursor product or functional relationship in vivo is possible. These studies also suggest that, in addition to Western blotting, techniques involving immunodeletion, isoelectric focusing with capillary immunoblotting, and 2D immunoblotting provide useful approaches to characterize saline-soluble cellular antigens.
A Patient-Centric Goal in Time to Blood Pressure Control from Drug Therapy Initiation

A time frame in which newly diagnosed hypertensive patients attain blood pressure (BP) goal would guide patients through uncertainty associated with initiating drug therapy for hypertension control. This study estimates time to BP goal resulting from drug therapy initiation among real-world hypertensive patients and identifies factors associated with variations in time to BP goal. The study uses a historical cohort design. Hypertensive patients who had initiated antihypertensive drug therapy between July 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003, were followed up to 12 months until the end of 2004. Electronic medical records from a medical group were linked with pharmacy claims, as well as with medical claims. Survival analyses were used to compare lengths of time needed to reach BP goals. A total of 223 patients from a real world practice setting had initiated antihypertensive drug therapy. The patients took 3.25 months (95% CI: 2.49-4.82) to reach BP goal. The patient-centric time to BP goal was 7.1 weeks longer than those reported in controlled experimental settings. This finding highlights the gap between results of controlled clinical trials and their application to clinical practice, and informs healthcare practitioners of the importance of setting a patient-centric goal in pharmacological treatment of hypertension.
Stabilizing a Cold Disk with a 1/r Force Law

Massive “dark” halos are currently believed to surround individual galaxies and systems of galaxies primarily because: (a) individual galaxies exhibit “flat” rather than Keplerian rotation curves (see the review by Faber and Gallagher 1979); (b) the measured ratio of mass to light in systems of galaxies continues to increase roughly linearly with radius as one observes larger and larger systems (Rood 1982); and (c) rapidly spinning “cold” stellar disks are not dynamically stable if they are fully self-gravitating (Ostriker and Peebles 1973). It can be shown, however, that properties (a) and (b) of galaxies and systems of galaxies can be explained without invoking dark halos if one assumes that the force of gravity has the form (1) where r is the distance between the attracting bodies of. masses M and m, and the scale “a” must assume a value a ∼ 1 kpc. (See Milgrom 1982 and Bekenstein, these proceedings, for a discussion along similar lines.) Newton’s Law is retrieved on scales « a but the force is proportional to 1/r on scales » a. Equation (1) should not be adopted in place of Newtonian gravity to explain the dynamical properties of galaxies unless it also explains property (c) without invoking the presence of dark halos.
A Critical Look at Restaurant Network Security

Abstract This study investigated the information technology (IT) security practices and prevention techniques of restaurants. A random sample of 1,143 restaurant IT managers were selected from the Hospitality Technology Magazine subscribers. The survey was completed by 116 restaurant information technology (IT) managers. Twenty-four percent of the restaurant networks had a computer network attack within the last 12 months. On average, the restaurants received 1-5 network attacks within the last 12 months. A security index (SI), the total number of security tools utilized, was created for each respondent. The size of the restaurant (number of units) was positively correlated with the security index, and the total number of network security tools utilized by restaurants. Regarding attack types, “Virus Attack” (71.4%) was reported most frequently, followed by “Insider Abuse of Net Access” (57.1%) and “Laptop Theft” (42.9%), and “Spoofing” (39.3%). In terms of protection from these attacks, restaurant IT mana...
A general-relativistic scalar field theory in the complex Weyl space

In this paper Weyl’s gauge postulate is extended to include the mass term in a complex space. A generally covariant equation and an equivalence relation are then introduced that unify the matter, electromagnetic and gravitational fields in this space. These expressions lead directly to the Klein-Gordon equations as well as to more general wave equations including those for pseudoscalar fields. Consideration is then given to the noninvariant terms under the gauge postulate and it is shown that these terms represent measurable quantities in the laboratory space. Einstein’s free-space field equations are then developed within the context of this theory and the Yukawa problem is solved as an application of these equations. In addition to the Yukawa potential, two core potentials are obtained. Finally, Maxwell’s free-space field equations are developed and the central-charge problem is solved as an application of this theory.
Chapter 36 Savings, credit and insurance

Publisher Summary This chapter surveys and synthesizes the issues for developing economies. Two features of developing economies are particularly germane to the link between savings and insurance. The absence of markets for trading in risks is particularly noticeable. Many insurance possibilities are not traded in developed countries. The fraction of the population is typically dependent on agricultural income for their livelihood. The chapter studies the life-cycle/permanent income models that incorporate precautionary savings and liquidity constraints. The huge diversity in insurance and credit arrangements in developing countries is quite bewildering. Understanding the limits and potential of these is an important step towards a better appreciation of the factors that influence financial development. The approach suggested in the chapter is two-pronged—the gains from trade exploited by a particular institutional structure can be enquired about along with the way by which trade is sustained.
Restaurant Brand Pages on Facebook: Do Active Member Participation and Monetary Sales Promotions Matter?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of members’ active participation in customer–brand relationships, considering brand trust and brand commitment in an online community context. It also investigates the moderating effect of monetary sales promotions in building and maintaining customer–brand relationships. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on an online survey sent to Facebook users who have been engaging with restaurants’ brand pages on Facebook. The empirical data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings – Results revealed that members who actively participated in activities on restaurant, Facebook fan pages were likely to feel that the brands were trustworthy and developed commitment toward the brands. The moderating effect of monetary sales promotions between active participation and brand trust was supported. In particular, active participation was more likely to generate brand trust for members who had less interest in monetary ...
On the partial observability of temporal uncertainty

We explore a means to both model and reason about partial observability within the scope of constraint-based temporal reasoning. Prior studies of uncertainty in Temporal CSPs have required the realization of all exogenous processes to be made entirely visible to the agent. We relax this assumption and propose an extension to the Simple Temporal Problem with Uncertainty (STPU), one in which the executing agent is made aware of the occurrence of only a subset of uncontrollable events. We argue that such a formalism is needed to encode those complex environments whose external phenomena share a common, hidden source of temporal causality. After characterizing the levels of controllability in the resulting Partially Observable STPU and various special cases, we generalize a known family of reduction rules to account for this relaxation, introducing the properties of extended contingency and sufficient observability. We demonstrate that these modifications enable a polynomial filtering algorithm capable of determining a local form of dynamic controllability; however, we also show that there do remain some instances whose global controllability cannot yet be correctly identified by existing inference rules, leaving the true computational complexity of dynamic controllability an open problem for future research.
Polarization correlations in the SLC final focus

At the SLC, the electron beam polarization is measured by a Compton polarimeter downstream of the Interaction Point. This measurement averages over the entire beam distribution and must be corrected for various correlations to calculate the luminosity weighted polarization. Because the spin rotation in the ARC is energy dependent, off energy particles have lower polarization. These particles may also be poorly focused and contribute less luminosity due to the higher order chromatic optics of the final focus. The small vertical /spl beta/ function at the interaction point also causes an hour-glass effect, where particles at the head and tail of the bunch have less luminosity. Since there is an energy-z correlation due to the compensation of longitudinal wakefields in the linac, these particles may also have lower polarization. The correlations are: z/spl rlhar2/E (linac), E/spl rlhar2/P (ARC), z/spl rlhar2/L (hour-glass) and E/spl rlhar2/L (chromaticity). The contributions from the z/spl rlhar2/E and z/spl rlhar2/L correlations are discussed.
Viral sequence analysis from HIV-infected mothers and infants: molecular evolution, diversity, and risk factors for mother-to-child transmission.

Great progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis, treatment, and transmission of HIV and the factors influencing the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Many questions regarding the molecular evolution and genetic diversity of HIV in the context of MTCT remain unanswered. Further research to identify the selective factors governing which variants are transmitted, how the compartmentalization of HIV in different cells and tissues contributes to transmission, and the influence of host immunity, viral diversity, and recombination on MTCT may provide insight into new prevention strategies and the development of an effective HIV vaccine