cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postconditioning During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction Continued Difficulty in Translation

“Delaying the postconditioning intervention for even a few minutes while changing balloon catheters, or while allowing balloons to remain deflated beyond the period of time suggested by the algorithm, may abrogate the cardioprotective advantage of postconditioning,” from Kin et al.1 The ability of the myocardium to protect itself under lethal ischemic conditions—so-called ischemic conditioning—is a remarkably robust and reproducible experimental phenomenon demonstrable via direct measure of infarct size in virtually all animal models tested.2 Despite inferences from the analysis of surrogate end points in clinical studies, eg, biomarker elevation, ST-segment shift, anginal discomfort (either preceding or accompanying ischemia), there are as yet no clinical studies directly assessing infarct size reduction consequent to preconditioning, as originally described by Murry et al3 in a canine model. Given the impossibility and implausibility of predicting exactly when an acute myocardial infarction will occur in humans and the necessity for the preconditioning stimulus to be applied before the ischemic insult, it is clear that preconditioning human myocardium imminently facing infarction will likely not be achievable. However, this is a needlessly harsh refutation of the existence and other potential clinical benefits of ischemic preconditioning in humans during percutaneous coronary intervention,4 open heart surgery,5 and ischemia-related arrhythmogenesis,6 all reasonable models for the predictable and reproducible induction of myocardial ischemia in humans. Article see p 1889 The initial report of ischemic postconditioning in a canine ischemia-reperfusion model in 20037 was met with rapid uptake by the clinical community,8 no doubt reflecting the obvious (in comparison with ischemic preconditioning) extension to human acute myocardial infarction and its treatment. The ability to induce a powerful cardioprotective mechanism with the potential to reduce infarct size by 50% by manipulating the conditions at the onset of reperfusion following a prolonged ischemic insult represented a …
Relation between Degree of Immunity of Mice Following Vaccination with St. Louis Encephalitis Virus and the Titre of the Protective Antibodies of the Serum.

Vaccination of susceptible mice with St. Louis encephalitis virus induced an acquired immunity to intracerebral inoculation which appeared within 1 week. When first demonstrable this immunity was at a very high level and it remained so for about 6 weeks, after which time it declined and disappeared completely between the 12th and 20th week after vaccination. Humoral antibodies of significant titre could not be demonstrated during the first 6 weeks after vaccination when actual immunity to intracerebral inoculation was at its highest level. Antibodies were first detected 8 weeks after vaccination, when immunity was decreasing. The humoral antibody titre reached its peak at 23 weeks, at which time immunity had completely disappeared. A high level of circulating antibody was still present 37 weeks after vaccination. The evidence presented leads to the conclusion that humoral antibodies do not play a major part in the immunity acquired by susceptible mice after vaccination against St. Louis encephalitis virus.
Surface micromachined platforms using electroplated sacrificial layers

A technique for the surface micromachining of structures suspended many tens of microns above a substrate surface is presented. Electroplated metal sacrificial layers are used in a standard surface micromachining process to achieve the necessary sacrificial layer thickness. The process is demonstrated using copper as the sacrificial layer and polyimide as the structural material. Surface micromachined bridges 8 mu m thick, 160 mu m long, and 100 mu m wide suspended over the surface from 10 to 50 mu m have been fabricated in this manner. In addition, movable platforms suspended 15 mu m above a surface over an area of 3*3 mm have also been demonstrated. >
The Marinoan glaciation (Neoproterozoic) in northeast Svalbard

Two separate and distinct diamictite-rich units occur in the mixed carbonate- siliciclastic Polarisbreen Group, which comprises the top kilometer of47 km of Neoproterozoic strata in the northeast of the Svalbard archipelago.The platformal succession accumulated on the windward, tropical to subtropical margin of Laurentia.The older Petrovbreen Member is a thin glacimarine diamictite that lacks a cap carbonate. It contains locally derived clasts and overlies a regional karstic disconformity that was directly preceded by a large (410% )n egatived 13 C anomaly in the underlying shallow-marine carbonates.This anomaly is homologous to anomalies in Australia, Canada and Namibia that precede the Marinoan glaciation.The younger and thicker Wilsonbreen Formation comprises terrestrial ice- contact deposits. It contains abundant extrabasinal clasts and is draped by a transgressive cap dolostone 3^18 m thick.The cap dolostone is replete with sedimentary features strongly associated with post-Marinoan caps globally, and its isotopic pro¢le is virtually identical to that of other Marinoan cap dolostones. From the inter-regional perspective, the two diamictite-rich units in the Polarisbreen Group should represent the ¢rst and ¢nal phases of the Marinoan glaciation. Above the Petrovbreen diamictite are 200 m of ¢nely laminated, dark olive- coloured rhythmites (MacDonaldryggen Member) interpreted here to represent suspension deposits beneath shorefast, multi-annual sea ice (sikussak). Above the suspension deposits and below the Wilsonbreen diamictites is ao30-m-thick regressive sequence (Slangen Member) composed of dolomite grainstone and evaporitic supratidal microbialaminite.We interpret this sabkha-like lagoonal sequence as an oasis deposit that precipitated when local marine ice melted away under greenhouse forcing, but while the tropical ocean remained covered due to in£ow of sea glaciers from higher latitudes. It appears that the Polarisbreen Group presents an unusually complete record of the Marinoan snowball glaciation.
PLASMA PROTEIN METABOLISM-ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES : RESTORATION OF CIRCULATING PROTEINS FOLLOWING ACUTE DEPLETION BY PLASMAPHERESIS.

Electrophoretic patterns of normal dog plasma in veronal buffer at pH 8.5 are shown to be essentially similar to patterns of human plasma. Dog albumin has a higher mobility than human albumin and in a mixture of dog and human plasmas migrates as a partially separated peak. Normal dog plasma frequently shows four alpha globulin peaks. Rates of restoration of plasma protein components in dogs subjected to acute plasmapheresis have been studied by electrophoresis. During the first 24 hours following such acute depletion, appreciable quantities of all electrophoretic components of the plasma proteins enter the circulating blood stream even when food is not given and has not been given for 12 hours before plasmapheresis. In such fasting periods albumin and total globulin appear in approximately the proportions present in normal plasma. Alpha and beta globulins continue relatively elevated during subsequent days in which caloric and protein intakes are adequate for weight and nitrogen gains. Initial albumin levels, however, are regained more slowly than those of total globulin. The relative proportions of the electrophoretic components of plasma proteins may be disturbed from normal following a single acute depletion for as long as 2 to 3 weeks after the total protein level has returned to normal. Abnormally high beta globulin and fibrinogen, but a low albumin, were found in a dog with an acute and chronic cholangitis and hepatitis. Similar elevation of gamma globulin was noted in a dog in which a hemolytic reaction occurred.
Law & psychiatry: insanity, guilty minds, and psychiatric testimony.

This column describes a recent Supreme Court case, Clark v. Arizona, in which an adolescent who had schizophrenia was convicted of first-degree murder of a police officer who he believed was a hostile space alien. The Arizona courts had rejected his insanity defense as well as a second defense that he lacked the required intent to commit the crime (mens rea) because his delusions interfered with his knowing that the victim was a police officer. The Court ultimately declined to overturn Arizona's rules regarding the insanity defense and mens rea. However, the column highlights the points in Justice Sou-ter's decision that may have implications for any case involving mental health issues.
\mathcal{F}lora-2: A Rule-Based Knowledge Representation and Inference Infrastructure for the Semantic Web

\(\mathcal{F}\) lora-2 is a rule-based object-oriented knowledge base system designed for a variety of automated tasks on the Semantic Web, ranging from meta-data management to information integration to intelligent agents. The \(\mathcal{F}\) lora-2 system integrates F-logic, HiLog, and Transaction Logic into a coherent knowledge representation and inference language. The result is a flexible and natural framework that combines rule-based and object-oriented paradigms. This paper discusses the principles underlying the design of the \(\mathcal{F}\) lora-2 system and describes its salient features, including meta-programming, reification, logical database updates, encapsulation, and support for dynamic modules.
Insect Transgenesis: Current Applications and Future Prospects

The ability to manipulate the genomes of many insects has become a practical reality over the past 15 years. This has been led by the identification of several useful transposon vector systems that have allowed the identification and development of generalized, species-specific, and tissue-specific promoter systems for controlled expression of gene products upon introduction into insect genomes. Armed with these capabilities, researchers have made significant strides in both fundamental and applied transgenics in key model systems such as Bombyx mori, Tribolium casteneum, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Limitations of transposon systems were identified, and alternative tools were developed, thus significantly increasing the potential for applied transgenics for control of both agricultural and medical insect pests. The next 10 years promise to be an exciting time of transitioning from the laboratory to the field, from basic research to applied control, during which the full potential of gene manip...
Low-energy electronic states of methylene

Abstract Ab initio SCF calculations using a slightly extended basis set have been carried out on the low-energy electronic states of methylene. The equilibrium geometries and energies of these states are determined, and potential curves for each state are obtained.
Structural Insight into Interactions between Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase (E3) and E3 Binding Protein of Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex.

Summary The 9.5 MDa human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) utilizes the specific dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) binding protein (E3BP) to tether the essential E3 component to the 60-meric core of the complex. Here, we report crystal structures of the binding domain (E3BD) of human E3BP alone and in complex with human E3 at 1.6 A and 2.2 A, respectively. The latter structure shows that residues from E3BD contact E3 across its 2-fold axis, resulting in one E3BD binding site on the E3 homodimer. Negligible conformational changes occur in E3BD upon its high-affinity binding to E3. Modifications of E3BD residues at the center of the E3BD/E3 interface impede E3 binding far more severely than those of residues on the periphery, validating the "hot spot" paradigm for protein interactions. A cluster of disease-causing E3 mutations located near the center of the E3BD/E3 interface prevents the efficient recruitment of these E3 variants by E3BP into the PDC, leading to the dysfunction of the PDC catalytic machine.
A Discreet Critique of Discrete Regime Type Data

To understand the limitations of discrete regime type data for studying authoritarianism, I scrutinize three regime type data sets provided by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland, Hadenius and Teorell, a...
Oral acyclovir for the prevention of herpes-associated erythema multiforme

Herpes simplex virus is the single most common precipitator of erythema multiforme. Typically, erythema multiforme lesions appear 10 to 14 days after a recurrent herpes simplex virus infection and attacks can be disabling when they occur at frequent intervals. Prior to the introduction of acyclovir (Zovirax), there was no effective therapy to prevent herpes-associated erythema multiforme. Four patients were treated with a maintenance dose of acyclovir for periods ranging from 10 to 26 months; there were no significant side effects from the drug and only one recurrence of erythema multiforme. Oral acyclovir may become the treatment of choice for herpes-associated erythema multiforme.
Dietary fatty acid content regulates wound repair and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis following joint injury

Objective The mechanisms linking obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are not fully understood and have been generally attributed to increased weight, rather than metabolic or inflammatory factors. Here, we examined the influence of fatty acids, adipokines, and body weight on OA following joint injury in an obese mouse model. Methods Mice were fed high-fat diets rich in various fatty acids (FA) including saturated FAs (SFAs), ω-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and ω-3 PUFAs. OA was induced by destabilising the medial meniscus. Wound healing was evaluated using an ear punch. OA, synovitis and wound healing were determined histologically, while bone changes were measured using microCT. Activity levels and serum cytokines were measured at various time-points. Multivariate models were performed to elucidate the associations of dietary, metabolic and mechanical factors with OA and wound healing. Results Using weight-matched mice and multivariate models, we found that OA was significantly associated with dietary fatty acid content and serum adipokine levels, but not with body weight. Furthermore, spontaneous activity of the mice was independent of OA development. Small amounts of ω-3 PUFAs (8% by kcal) in a high-fat diet were sufficient to mitigate injury-induced OA, decreasing leptin and resistin levels. ω-3 PUFAs significantly enhanced wound repair, SFAs or ω-6 PUFAs independently increased OA severity, heterotopic ossification and scar tissue formation. Conclusions Our results indicate that with obesity, dietary FA content regulates wound healing and OA severity following joint injury, independent of body weight, supporting the need for further studies of dietary FA supplements as a potential therapeutic approach for OA.
On the optimal clustering in mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can be represented by a set of logical clusters with clusterheads (CHs) acting like virtual base-stations, hence forming a wireless virtual backbone. The role of clusterhead is a temporary one, which changes dynamically as the topology or other factors affecting it change. Finding the minimal set of CHs is an NP-complete problem. We study the performance tradeoffs between two clustering approaches. The first one is a simple clustering strategy, called virtual grid architecture (VGA), which is based on a fixed rectilinear virtual topology, while the second one is an optimal clustering strategy. We consider homogeneous as well as heterogeneous networks. First, for homogeneous MANETs with a large number of users and under the VGA clustering approach, we derive expressions for the number of CHs, worst case path length, and average case path length. We also derive expressions for the communication overhead. Second, we develop an integer linear program (ILP) that finds the optimal number of connected CHs in small to medium sized heterogeneous MANETs. Analytical and simulation results show that our proposed clustering algorithm (VGA), although being simple, is close to optimal.
Short-term in vitro bioassays: applicability to air monitoring in the coal conversion and shale oil industries.

Short-term bioassays such as that of Ames and co-workers may be a practical method of monitoring industrial environments for the presence of biologically active and potentially hazardous materials. In general, these assays detect agents that cause damage to DNA which may lead to mutations, cancer, birth defects and to other disease. Used to monitor industrial environments, such tests can indicate the presence of biologically active materials and can detect changes in the levels of these materials in the air. This paper reviews the types of bioassays which are presently available and considers their applicability to evaluation of occupational exposures in the coal conversion and oil shale industries. As no direct assessment of the degree of human health hazard can be made from the results of such tests, the choice of appropriate comparisons, such as ambient air, are discussed. The advantages and limitations of such systems are considered. Some research needs for the application of bioassays to industrial m...
Supervenience Physicalism, Emergentism, and the Polluted Supervenience Base

A prominent objection to supervenience physicalism is that a definition of physicalism in terms of supervenience allows for physicalism to be compatible with nonphysicalist outlooks, such as certain forms of emergentism. I take as my starting point a recent defense of supervenience physicalism from this objection. According to this line of thought, the subvenient base for emergent properties cannot be said to be purely physical; rather, it is “polluted” with emergent features in virtue of necessarily giving rise to them. Thus, if emergentism is true, it is false that everything supervenes on physical properties. I argue that this gives way to a new challenge for supervenience physicalism. The challenge, roughly, is to distinguish the emergentist’s “polluted” base from a physical supervenience base; that is, to give conditions under which the subvenient base is not “polluted” by supervenient properties. The problem, I argue, is that it is hard to see how this can be done without collapsing supervenience physicalism into alternative approaches to physicalism. I thus argue that if the present defense of supervenience physicalism succeeds in defending the adequacy of a supervenience-based definition of physicalism, it does so by compromising its uniqueness.
Pen-in-hand command: NUI for real-time strategy esports

Electronic Sports (eSports) is the professional play and spectating of digital games. Real-time strategy games are a form of eSport that require particularly high- performance and precise interaction. Prior eSports HCI has been keyboard and mouse based. We investigate the real-time strategy eSports context to design novel interactions with embodied modalities, because of its rigorous needs and requirements, and the centrality of the human-computer interface as the medium of game mechanics. To sense pen + multi-touch interaction, we augment a Wacom Cintiq with a ZeroTouch multi-finger sensor[1]. We used this modality to design new pen + touch interaction for play in real-time strategy eSports.
Trends in Medical Use, Diversion, and Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications among College Students from 2003 to 2013: Connecting the Dots

Objectives To examine trends in the lifetime and past-year prevalence of medical use, diversion, and nonmedical use of four prescription medication classes (i.e., sedative/anxiety, opioid, sleeping, and stimulant) among college students between 2003 and 2013; and to identify demographic and background characteristics associated with trends in past-year nonmedical use of prescription medications.
Real world versus ivory tower: the challenge for academic surgery

Academic surgeons increasingly must balance scientific pursuits with the demands of maintaining a clinical practice. This article describes the core values of the Association for Academic Surgery and how these values can guide the survival of the society and of academic surgery given the changing healthcare landscape. These values include: promotion, diversity and inclusivity, scientific excellence, innovation, collaboration, and mentorship. By redefining academic surgery, enabling the collective mind, and harnessing technology, the society and academic surgery can be resilient in the face of current and future adversity.
Palaeobiography and Biodiversity Change: the Ordovician and Mesozoic–Cenozoic Radiations

J. Alistair Crame and Alan W. Owen, 2002, Geological Society of London Special Publication 194, Geological Society, London, 206 p. (Hardcover, US $108.00) ISBN: 1-86239-106-8. This book resulted from the 2001 Lyell Meeting where Alistair Crame and Alan Owen brought together two groups of paleontologists whose interests are so widely separated in geologic time that they would seldom rub elbows. As study of the great radiations of life begins to compete with the extinction debates as a major focus, paleontology will lose some of the attention it has received because of the appeal of catastrophes to the general public. However, the future will be no less contentious within the paleontological community. Even sorting out what radiations are and how they proceeded will take some time. This book takes a look at two radiations—a straightforward task at first sight, but the radiations are so different that comparisons are no easy matter. The Ordovician Radiation was abrupt, taking place, for the most part, in the Arenig, with a sudden pulse in the Late Arenig at about the base of the Laurentian Whiterock. In terms of biogeography the primary phase of the Ordovician radiation took place in such a short interval that the continental positions were essentially stable. The Mesozoic–Cenozoic radiation took place during such a long interval that plate motions provided a means of distribution and interrupted pathways of dissemination. Entire climatic regimes changed. Even the initiation of the radiations differed. As yet no unusual biotic event has been recognized preceding the Ordovician radiation (although one is suggested here) while the largest mass extinction in earth history set the stage for the Mesozoic radiation. Most contributions are detailed examinations of specific biotic changes that took place during one or the other of the radiations, with little space devoted to comparisons of groups …
Choline metabolism and membrane formation in rat hepatoma cells grown in suspension culture. III. Choline transport and uptake by simple diffusion and lack of direct exchange with phosphatidylcholine

The initial rate of incorporation of methyl- labeled choline into the acid-soluble pool (phosphorylcholine) of Novikoff hepatoma cells growing in suspension culture was investigated as a function of the choline concentration in the medium. Below, but not above, 20 PM, choline incorporation followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics at 24, 33, or 37OC with an apparent K, of 4-7 PM, and the V,,, values decreased with a Q~o of about 2.3 with a decrease in temperature. Be- tween 20 and 500 PM, on the other hand, the rate of incorpora- tion increased linearly with an increase in choline concentra- tion in the medium, and the increase in incorporation rate with increase in choline concentration was about the same at all temperatures tested. The data suggest that at low concen- trations choline is taken up mainly by a transport reaction, whereas at concentrations above 20 PM, simple diffusion be- comes the principal mode of uptake. The energy of acrivation for choline transport was estimated from an Arrhenius plot of the V,,, values as 67,000 J (16 kcal)/mole. At concentrations below 20 PM, choline incorporation into membrane phosphatidylcholine also followed simple Michaelis- Menten kinetics, and the apparent K, was about the same as that for choline transport. The data support the conclusion that the transport of choline into the cell is the rate-limiting step in the conversion of choline to phosphorylcholine and its incorporation into phosphatidylcholine. At concentrations above 100 PM, on the other hand, the ultimate rate of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine was independent of the choline concentration in the medium or the intracellular level of phosphorylcholine. Further, the rate of turnover of the choline moiety of phosphatidylcholine (half-life, 20-24 hr) either in whole cells or during incubation of isolated mem- brane fractions was unaffected by the presence of an excess of choline in the medium. The overall results indicate that a direct exchange between free choline and the choline moiety of phos- phatidylcholine does not play a significant role in the incorpora- tion of choline into phosphatidylcholine by Novikoff cells or in the turnover of the choline moiety of phosphatidylcholine, and that labeled choline therefore is a useful precursor in studying the synthesis and turnover of membrane phosphati- dylcholine in these cells.
Taking Advice Seriously: An Immodest Proposal for Reforming the Confirmation Process

This brief Essay suggests a structural reform to the judicial nomination and confirmation process, designed to reduce the role of partisanship and special interest politicking. Though this proposal is aimed primarily at preventing logjams when the President and Senate are of different parties, it is likely to be beneficial even where that is not the case, to the extent that the opposition party is prone to filibuster nominees.
You Are What You Eat… or Are You?

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Hosios et al. (2016) take a rigorous and quantitative approach to analyze metabolite acquisition and allocation in proliferating cultured mammalian cells. This work clarifies what we know while providing a new analytical framework to undergird future work on the metabolism of proliferating cells.
SIESTA trial: Is GA a drug you get from the hospital pharmacy?

Dear editor, The authors of the SIESTA trial present a protocol with a laudable goal to ascertain the role of general anesthesia (GA) during endovascular stroke treatment (EST). Unfortunately, there are several issues with the trial. The most important limitation of antecedent studies and the SIESTA protocol has been lack of anesthetic details and the lack of inputs from anesthesiologists. We point out that GA 61⁄4 intubation and intubation 61⁄4GA. Stroke patients can receive GA and yet not require intubation, or require intubation but not be under GA. Moreover, using ETCO2 is unreliable to determine respiratory failure and the need for GA. Therefore, the randomization categories are arbitrary and do not reflect the relevant neuropharmacology of GA nor physiologic indications for GA. Additionally, GA constitutes a continuum of central nervous system depression, wherein effects on the brain are dose-related, disparate, and protean in terms of neurochemistry, perfusion, neuroprotection, and neurotoxicity. The term ‘‘conscious sedation’’ is an oxymoron. Anesthetic details really must be defined. The importance of this is illustrated in a recent report of EST outcomes varying with different anesthetics. A related issue is lack of a plan for monitoring the depth of sedation. The proposed protocol mentions the use of Bispectral Index (BIS) but does not clarify whether anesthetic dose will be titrated to a targeted BIS value. What is done with non-neurologic disorders? The same anesthetic approach is not appropriate in the context of many medical comorbidities and complicates randomization in an intention-to-treat paradigm. These issues will produce another inconclusive study.
Influence of choline, cystine and methionine on toxic effects of pyridine and certain related compounds.

SummaryPyridine alone or pyridine supplemented with either choline, cystine, methionine, nicotinamide or beta-picoline was fed to young rats on a high protein diet. Livers from rats dying from the effects of pyridine are enlarged and always exhibit a marked increase in water content. Livers from apparently healthy animals which have been on a pyridine diet show a nearly normal water content and are enlarged. Cystine and methionine afford protection against the effects of pyridine. The feeding of quinoline alone or quinoline supplemented with either choline, cystine, or methionine produced enlarged livers. Cystine and methionine increased survival time. Choline showed some protective effect. Cystine or methionine prevented the accumulation of water in the livers of rats fed quinoline. Choline had no effect.
Experimental Reversal of Sex in Salamanders by the Injection of Estrone.

Summary1. Twenty-two larvae of A. tigrinum, at the beginning of sexual differentiation, were each injected with 350 γ of estrone, distributed over a period of 7 weeks. Seven cases died. 2. Macro-scopically, the gonads of 9 treated animals closely resembled those of control females, while the gonads of 6 were atypical. The latter were of smaller size, smoother in contour, and in other respects suggestive of abnormal testes rather than ovaries. 3. Histological examination showed these atypical gonads to be ovo-testes so modified by estrone as to resemble retarded ovaries with irregular medullary remains.
Physician Transition of Care: Benefits of I-PASS and an Electronic Handoff System in a Community Pediatric Residency Program.

Abstract Background Miscommunication is a leading cause of adverse events in hospitals. Optimizing the handoff process improves communication and patient safety. We sought to assess how the components of I-PASS (a mnemonic for illness severity, patient summary, action list, situational awareness with contingency planning, and synthesis by the receiver), a standardized handoff bundle, improved the quality of handoffs in a pediatric residency program based in a community hospital. Methods Pediatric residents in a university-affiliated community teaching hospital were observed on the pediatric inpatient floor and in the newborn nursery. One hundred resident handoffs per setting were analyzed in 3 phases, with a total of 600 handoffs assessed. Phase 1 comprised preintervention handoffs before I-PASS; phase 2, initiating I-PASS mnemonic and educational session; and phase 3, implementing a handoff tool, electronic physician handoff (EPH), into the electronic medical record. One attending physician at each setting assessed the handoff process using an 11-item survey. A resident satisfaction survey assessed the resident's experience after phase 3. Results Comparing phase 1 with phase 2, there was improved situational awareness with contingency planning (nursery: 12% to 83%, P = .001; floor: 21% to 84%, P = .001). Incidence of tangential conversation decreased in both settings (nursery: 100% to 23%, P = .001; floor: 84% to 11%, P = .001). Comparing phase 2 with phase 3, there was improvement in identification of illness severity (nursery: 62% to 99%, P = .001; floor: 41% to 64%, P = .001) and fewer omissions of important information (nursery: 14% to 0%, P = .001; floor: 33% to 17%, P = .007). A total of 93% of residents found the new EPH system to be beneficial. Conclusions Specific components of a standardized handoff system, including a mnemonic, an educational intervention, and an EPH, improved the clarity and organization of key information in handoff.
Basic Principles of Three-dimensional Layout Design for Vehicle Wiring Harness

The author makes a detailed description about the three-dimensional layout design method,principle and grounding strategy of vehicle wiring harness.The purpose is to sum up an effective method to guide the vehicle design in the future.
Manifestations of liver disease.

(1947). Manifestations of Liver Disease. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 203-206.
Urographic visualization of multicystic kidneys.

AbstractClassically, multicystic kidneys have been described as having no functioning renal parenchyma that, consequently, should not be seen on excretory urography. However, during the last several years, sufficient concentration of contrast medium permitted radiographic visualization of renal tissue in 4 cases of pathologically typical multicystic kidneys.
Membrane activity of a supramolecular peptide-based chemotherapeutic enhancer

Self-assembly of de novo designed multidomain peptides (MDPs) resulted in functional membrane-active supramolecular nanofibers. The membrane activity was analyzed through fluorescence membrane localization and patch-clamp electrophysiology yielding important information that can be used for the development of a new type of supramolecular peptide-based chemotherapeutic enhancer.
Improving GraphChi for Large Graph Processing: Fast Radix Sort in Pre-Processing

This paper considers GraphChi, a system for processing large graphs on single modern PCs, as a case study. GraphChi uses a "parallel sliding window" method. This requires that vertices and edges be assigned into similarly sized shards whose contents are sorted to allow for sliding, maintaining locality of access to nodes. GraphChi uses an expensive onetime pre-processing step. For example, the twitter-2010 graph with 42M nodes and 1.5B edges takes ten minutes to pre-process and just under three minutes for a single-pass of the PageRank algorithm. In this work, we introduce Fast Radix, an improved Least Significant Digit (LSD) radix sort to replace the existing sorting algorithm in the pre-processing. This yields 20-40% speed improvements over GraphChi's sort implementation, and upwards of 10% improvement on the total pre-processing times of large graphs.
Thermal Unfolding of the Pertussis Toxin S1 Subunit Facilitates Toxin Translocation to the Cytosol by the Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation.

ABSTRACT Pertussis toxin (PT) moves from the host cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by retrograde vesicular transport. The catalytic PTS1 subunit dissociates from the rest of the toxin in the ER and then shifts to a disordered conformation which may trigger its export to the cytosol through the quality control mechanism of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Functional roles for toxin instability and ERAD in PTS1 translocation have not been established. We addressed these issues with the use of a surface plasmon resonance system to quantify the cytosolic pool of PTS1 from intoxicated cells. Only 3% of surface-associated PTS1 reached the host cytosol after 3 h of toxin exposure. This represented, on average, 38,000 molecules of cytosolic PTS1 per cell. Cells treated with a proteasome inhibitor contained larger quantities of cytosolic PTS1. Stabilization of the dissociated PTS1 subunit with chemical chaperones inhibited toxin export to the cytosol and blocked PT intoxication. ERAD-defective cell lines likewise exhibited reduced quantities of cytosolic PTS1 and PT resistance. These observations identify the unfolding of dissociated PTS1 as a trigger for its ERAD-mediated translocation to the cytosol.
Gamers, citizen scientists, and data

Two key problems for crowd-sourcing systems are motivating contributions from participants and ensuring the quality of these contributions. Games have been suggested as a motivational approach to encourage contribution, but attracting participation through game play rather than intrinsic interest raises concerns about the quality of the contributions provided. These concerns are particularly important in the context of citizen science projects, when the contributions are data to be used for scientific research.To assess the validity of concerns about the effects of gaming on data quality, we compare the quality of data obtained from two citizen science games, one a gamified version of a species classification task and one a fantasy game that used the classification task only as a way to advance in the game play. Surprisingly, though we did observe cheating in the fantasy game, data quality (i.e., classification accuracy) from participants in the two games was not significantly different. As well, data from short-time contributors was also at a usable level of accuracy. Finally, learning did not seem to affect data quality in our context.These findings suggest that various approaches to gamification can be useful for motivating contributions to citizen science projects. Two citizen science games are compared, one points-based and one story-based.The study explores the scientific usefulness of data contributed by volunteer players of the games.Data quality in the two games is comparable, and is good enough to be used for scientific purposes.Games can be valuable for motivating participation; different types of games motivate different kinds of participants.Some games encourage play behaviors (e.g. cheating) that should be controlled for.
Subsidiary Legal Entities and Innovation

Placing innovative assets in a separate subsidiary creates more autonomy for the unit manager of the innovation than a division, even when the subsidiary is wholly owned and controlled by the parent. The key driver is limited liability: unlike a division, the parent has the option to walk away from the subsidiary’s debt obligations. As a result, the parent invests less in developing internal uses for the innovation. This causes the unit manager to invest more in developing independent uses for the innovation: he must ”sink or swim” on his own effort, and his desired actions are less subject to overrule.
Physical and chemical characteristics of lakes across heterogeneous landscapes in arctic and subarctic Alaska

Lakes are an important component of high-latitude regions, providing habitat for fish and wildlife and playing a critical role in biogeochemical and global carbon cycles. High-latitude lakes are sensitive to climate change, in part due to their development within permafrost soils. Considerable heterogeneity exists across arctic and subarctic landscapes, yet little is known about how this landscape variability influences chemical and physical attributes of lakes. We investigated the physical and chemical limnology of 617 lakes in Alaska's boreal forest and boreal-arctic transition zone. We categorized lakes into 10 basin types based on parent material, topography, genesis, and permafrost characteristics. Physical parameters varied across lake basin types, with the deepest lakes occurring in ice-poor glacial deposits and ice-rich terrain, while the shallowest lakes were observed in floodplain deposits and coastal lowlands. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations were generally low across all landscapes, whereas total N and P were highest in lakes underlain by ice-rich Pleistocene loess. Total N and P concentrations were significantly correlated with chlorophyll a, indicating a possible colimitation of primary productivity in these systems. Base cation concentrations helped elucidate lake basin hydrology and the relative influence of shallow versus deep groundwater inputs to surface water. Using these results, we developed a simple conceptual model for each lake and landscape type based on differences in physical and chemical parameters. Overall, we expect that the vulnerability of lake ecosystems to climate change will vary across lake basin types and will be mediated by spatial patterns in permafrost characteristics and subsurface hydrology.
New directions in fetal surgery for myelomeningocele

The treatment of children with myelomeningocele (MMC) has improved over time, from supportive management to early postnatal closure to prenatal repair of the defect. The Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) showed that prenatal repair of MMC resulted in improved neurological outcomes compared to postnatal closure. Follow-up studies showed that prenatal repair was, as with any other fetal intervention, associated with higher rates of obstetrical complications. There was no significant difference in urological outcomes. Long-term follow-up of ambulatory status, executive functioning, and urological outcomes is needed to determine the durable effects of fetal MMC repair on mobility, functional independence, and the prevalence of renal insufficiency in patients with MMC who survive to adulthood. The future of fetal MMC repair consists of developing strategies to reduce maternal morbidity and improve infant outcomes. Fetoscopic MMC repair has been suggested as an alternative to open repair that may reduce obstetrical complications and the need for cesarean delivery in subsequent pregnancies. Translational research using mesenchymal stromal cells to augment fetal repair of ovine MMC has shown improvement in motor function.
Let-7 microRNA-dependent control of leukotriene signaling regulates the transition of hematopoietic niche in mice.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells arise from the vascular endothelium of the dorsal aorta and subsequently switch niche to the fetal liver through unknown mechanisms. Here we report that vascular endothelium-specific deletion of mouse Drosha (Drosha cKO), an enzyme essential for microRNA biogenesis, leads to anemia and death. A similar number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells emerge from Drosha-deficient and control vascular endothelium, but Drosha cKO-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells accumulate in the dorsal aorta and fail to colonize the fetal liver. Depletion of the let-7 family of microRNAs is a primary cause of this defect, as it leads to activation of leukotriene B4 signaling and induction of the α4β1 integrin cell adhesion complex in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Inhibition of leukotriene B4 or integrin rescues maturation and migration of Drosha cKO hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to the fetal liver, while it hampers hematopoiesis in wild-type animals. Our study uncovers a previously undefined role of innate leukotriene B4 signaling as a gatekeeper of the hematopoietic niche transition. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are generated first from the vascular endothelium of the dorsal aorta and then the fetal liver but what regulates this switch is unknown. Here, the authors show that changing miRNA biogenesis and leukotriene B4 signaling in mice modulates this switch in the niche.
Lumbar Spine History and Physical

The importance of history and physical examination (H&P) of the lumbar spine in increasing successful treatment outcomes in pain management cannot be overstated. A lumbar spine history should be systematic and comprehensive, which may reveal “red flags”. Physical examination involves inspection, palpation, range of motion, neurologic examination, special tests and examination of related areas. A comprehensive lumbar H&P that identifies anatomic and physiologic pain generation is a valuable diagnostic tool that can lead to better treatment outcomes.
Corneal Optical Changes Associated with Induced Edema in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.

PURPOSE Patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) often notice poor vision in the morning that improves as the day progresses. In this study, we determined changes in corneal optical properties associated with induced corneal edema. METHODS Twenty-three phakic eyes (23 participants) with FECD (grades 1-6, modified Krachmer scale) and 8 normal eyes (8 participants) were examined by Scheimpflug photography. Central corneal thickness, high-order aberrations from anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, and backscatter from the anterior, mid-, and posterior cornea were determined from the Scheimpflug images. A low-oxygen permeable contact lens was placed on the eye, and eyes were closed for 2 hours, after which the lens was removed and Scheimpflug photography was repeated for up to 5 hours to determine changes in backscatter and high-order aberrations. RESULTS Corneas swelled by 10% [95% confidence interval (CI), 9-10]. Backscatter from the anterior cornea increased by 416 scatter units (SU, 95% CI, 344-488; P < 0.001), independent of the presence and severity of FECD. Recovery of anterior backscatter was slower in advanced FECD (81 SU/h, 95% CI, 60-120) compared with normal (123 SU/h, 95% CI, 95-150; P = 0.019). Anterior and posterior corneal high-order aberrations, and mid and posterior backscatter, did not increase with induced swelling. CONCLUSIONS Inducing corneal edema increases anterior corneal backscatter but not high-order aberrations. Subjective poor vision in the morning in FECD is probably caused by scattered light rather than by high-order aberrations, suggesting that these patients experience more disability glare than decreased visual acuity.
Long-term follow-up effects of the HomeStyles randomized controlled trial in families with preschool children on social cognitive theory constructs associated with physical activity cognitions and behaviors.

This study examined long-term follow-up effects of participation in the HomeStyles RCT, using Social Cognitive Theory constructs, on physical activity cognitions, home environment, and lifestyle behavioral practices of families with preschool children (ages 2 to 5 years). Parents were systematically randomized to experimental or attention control group at baseline. Those completing all surveys that comprised of valid, reliable measures were the analytic sample (n = 61 experimental, n = 63 control; mean age 32.8 ± 5.9SD years). Repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for prognostic variables (e.g., parent sex) revealed that variables assessing modeling of physical activity for children increased significantly (P ≤ .01) in both groups with no significant time by group effects. Paired t-tests indicated the experimental group's self-efficacy for keeping children's weight healthy and performing health promoting behaviors increased significantly over time whereas the control group did not but with no significant time by group effects. Self-regulation paired t-test findings indicated that total screentime the experimental group allowed children decreased significantly over time with no significant time by group effect. The value parents placed on physical activity for children increased over time in both groups with a significant time effect. The experimental group over time had significantly greater increases in the availability of physical activity space and supports inside the home than the control group. Improvements noted have the potential to help protect children and parents from excess weight gain, yet findings indicate considerable opportunity for continued improvement as well as elucidation of factors affecting concomitant changes in both study groups.
Protecting PLM Data Throughout Their Lifecycle

Enterprises operate in a global economy with their operations dispersed across internal processes and external partners. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems play a significant role in modern product development and management. There are multiple stages in product lifecycle that streamline by sharing data among PLM entities. Shared data may contain highly sensitive information such as trade secrets, intellectual property, private organizational or personal information. In large enterprise systems, it is difficult to understand and track data dissemination. Data sharing across global partners complicates and magnifies the problem further. The effect of shared data being leaked is one of the key risks. Existing approaches ensure security within the domain of an organization and don’t address protection in a decentralized environment. We propose an approach for secure data dissemination using the Active Bundle scheme. This approach enables organizations to securely share information in their PLM steps and protects it throughout the product lifecycle.
Advanced stage breast cancer is associated with catheter-tip thrombus formation following implantable central venous port placement.

PurposeCatheter-tip associated thrombosis is not uncommon in patients with implantable central venous ports; however, the prevalence and clinical impact of this complication on patient management i...